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DATE  DUE 

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NOV  J 

1970    ' 

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PRINTED  IN  U.S.A. 

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AN    ILLUSTRATED 

DICTIONARY  OF  MEDICINE 

BIOLOGY 

AND  ALLIED   SCIENCES 


GOULD 


FOR  INDEX  OF  SPECIAL  TABLES  AND 
IMPORTANT  DEFINITIONS,  CLASSIFYING  LARGE 
NUMBERS   OF   FACTS.    SEE    PAGE   XVI. 


From  '         /,  iSqs. 

50  quickly  with  the  advance  of  knowledge  that  for  practitioners  who  wish 

<i  medical  dictionary  is  not  so  much  a  luxury  as  a  ne<  essitj  of  into 

M.  Gould,  a  ol  the  leading  ophthalmic  surgeons  in  the  United  States,  and  editor  ol 

before  u  a  with  the  completes!  lexicon  of  medical  termin- 

I   i    I  nglish  lai  .     ...     Dr.   Gould  has  done  for  <>ur  medical   language  what   I  »r. 

Murr  I  nglish  speaking  peoples.      It  need  only  be  added  thai  the  work  is  printed 

in  a  i  the  careful  regard  of  the  author,  as  an  ophthalmologist,  for  the  reader's  i  yes,  and 

ently  handsome  to  make  it  an  ornament   to  the  book  shelf  and   strong  <  nough  to  withstand 


AN  ILLUSTRATED  DICTIONARY 
OF  MEDICINE  BIOLOGY  AND 
ALLIED  SCIENCES 


INCLUDING  THE 

PRONUNCIATION,  ACCENTUATION,  DERIVATION,  AND  DEFINITION 

OF  THE  TERMS  USED  IN 

MEDICINE,  ANATOMY,  SURGERY,  OBSTETRICS,  GYNECOLOGY,  THERAPEUTICS,  MATERIA  MEDICA, 
PATHOLOGY,     DERMATOLOGY,     PEDIATRICS,     OPHTHALMOLOGY,     OTOLOGY,     LARYN- 
GOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY,  NEUROLOGY,  HISTOLOGY,  TOXICOLOGY,  DIETETICS, 
LEGAL    MEDICINE,     PSYCHOLOGY,    CLIMATOLOGY,    ETC.,    ETC. 

AND  THE 

VARIOUS  SCIENCES   CLOSELY   RELATED   TO  MEDICINE 

BACTERIOLOGY,    PARASITOLOGY,    MICROSCOPY.    BOTANY,    ZOOLOGY,    DENTISTRY,    PHARMACY, 
CHEMISTRY,  HYGIENE,   ELECTRICITY,  VETERINARY  MEDICINE,   ETC. 


BY 

GEORGE  M.  GOULD,  A.M.,  M.D. 

AUTHOR  OF  "THE  STUDENT'S  MEDICAL  DICTIONARY,"  "12,000  MEDICAL  WORDS  PRONOUNCED  AND 

DEFINED,"  "THE  MEANING  AND  THE   METHOD  OF  LIFE;"   EDITOR  OF  "THE  MEDICAL 

NEWS,"    PRESIDENT,    1893-1894,   AMERICAN    ACADEMY    OF    MEDICINE;    LATE 

ONE  OF  THE  OPHTHALMOLOGISTS  OF  THE  PHILADELPHIA  HOSPITAL 


BASED   UPON   RECENT  SCIENTIFIC  LITERATURE 

FOURTH   EDITION 

PHILADELPHIA 

P.    BLAKISTON'S    SON    &    CO. 

IOI2    WALNUT    STREET 
1899 


Copyright,  1894,  by  P.  Blakiston,  Son  &  Co 


WM.   F.  FELL  &  CO., 

ELECTBOTYPERS   AND   PRINTERS. 

I220-24    SANSOM    STREET, 

PHILADELPHIA. 


PREFACE. 


In  this  work  I  have  conscientiously  endeavored  to  give  the  greatest  possible  amount  of 
lexicographic  and  encyclopedic    knowledge  within  the  limits  of  a  single  volume,    condensed 
as  much  as  is  consistent  with  clearness,  and  so  arranged  as  to  furnish  the  student  and  worker 
with  concise,  accurate,  and  useful  definitions. 

I  have  tried  to  satisfy  the  following  specific  desiderata :  — 

i.  The  inclusion  of  the  many  thousands  of  new  words  and  terms  that  have  been  introduced 
into  medicine  during  the  last  few  years,  marked  as  they  have  been  by  unparalleled  scientific 
activity  and  progress.  To  this  end  an  almost  countless  number  of  volumes  and  periodicals 
have  been  systematically  gleaned  by  myself  and  a  tireless  corps  of  friends  and  assistants.  Not 
to  have  met  this  important  and  pressing  need  would  have  made  this  volume  a  work  of  mere 
inexcusable  compilation  and  copying  from  the  many  word-books  already  published,  instead  of  a 
fresh  gathering  from  the  living  literature  of  the  day. 

2.  To  give  the  most  compact  epitomization  of  the  works  of  older  and  authoritative 
lexicographers,  including  all  such  obsolete  or  obsolescent  terms  as  may  be  met  with  in  the 
medical  encyclopedias  or  handbooks  likely  to  be  used  by  a  modern  student. 

3.  To  include  all  the  more  commonly-used  terms  of  biology — a  tning  highly  desirable  ; 
a.  Because  of  the  modern  recognition  of  the  great  truth  that  general  biologic  science  is  the  foun- 
dation of  genuine  and  progressive  medical  science  ;  b.  Because  the  best  schools  of  medicine 
are  more  and  more  urging  or  making  obligatory  the  preliminary  biologic  course  of  study  ; 
and  c.   Because,  so  far  as  I  know,  no  satisfactory  lexicon  of  biology  exists  in  English. 

4.  Keeping  the  size  and  purpose  of  the  book  well  in  view,  to  give  it  an  encyclopedic 
character — not  only  by  supplying  the  usual  pronunciation,  derivation,  and  definition  of 
words,  but  also  by  showing  their  logical  relations,  their  bearings,  and  their  practical  importance 
for  the  worker  in  literary  or  clinical  medicine.  This  aim  will  explain  a  number  of  peculiar 
features,  as  for  instance,  the  large  number  of  tables,  whereby  at  a  glance  one  may  catch  the 
correlations  of  a  single  fact  with  many  others,  and  thus  at  once  classify  and  crystallize  his 
comprehension  of  them.  It  seems  deserving  of  mention  that  in  modern  literature  there  is  not  to 
be  found  as  complete  and  digested  a  resume  of  surgical  operations,  of  bacteriology,  of  parasit- 
ology, of  tests,  and  of  many  other  subjects,  as  is  here  furnished. 

5.  When  advisable,  to  give  a  pictorial  illustration  that  would  tell  what  words  could  not 
make  clear.  Hence,  those  who  find  the  work  helpful  in  this  respect  will  thank  the  publishers  for 
the  generous  supply  of  illustrations,  a  large  number  being  new  engravings  from  original  drawings 
made  expressly  for  this  work.  Conservatism  in  this  respect,  however  difficult,  has  been  the  rule, 
because  pictures,  for  example  of  surgical  instruments,  are  plenteous  and  to  be  had  for  the  asking, 
and  because  illustrations  that  are  useless,  or  that  do  not  illustrate,  might  possibly  have  made  the 
book  superficially  more  attractive,  but  would  certainly  have  given  ground  for  just  criticism. 
Besides  the  large  number  of  original  illustrations  first  presented  in  this  volume,  many  have  been 
taken  or  adapted  from  the  well-known  and  authoritative  works  of  Sappey,  Landois,  Ziegler, 
Piersol,  Stirling,  Woodhead,  Holden,  Tyson,  Fullerton.  and  others. 


vi  PR1  FACE. 

6.  As  regards  orthography,  to  do  what  Professor  Whitney,  in  the  prefai  e  to  his  great  work. 
The  Century  Dictionary.  the  duty  of  the  dictionary-maker  :  — 

•■  The  la  is  struggling  toward  a  more  consistent  and   phonetic  spelling 

and  it  is  proper  in  disputed  and  doubtful  cases  to  cast  the  influence  of  the  dic- 
tionary in  favor  of  this  movement,  both  by  its  own  usage  in  the  bodyoi  the  text, 

and  at  the  head  of  articles  by  the  order  of  forms,  or  by  the  selection  of  the  form 
under  which  the  word  shall  be  treated." 

More  than  this  1  have  not  attempted  to  do,  and  not  to  have  done  this  much  would  have 
been  distinctly  wronj  The  lexicographer  may  not  impose  or  command,  but  in  the  interest  of 
true  and  prudent  progress  he  may  suggest  and  advise.  Both  spellings  are  noted  of  words  in 
dispute,  and  one  is  of  course  at  liberty  to  accept  that  which  he  thinks  best.  Those  who  prefer  to 
follow  the  older  practice  have  against  them  all  the  best  philologists,  such  authorities  as  Professor 
Whitney.  Professor  Skeat,  the  editors  of  the  Standard,  and  of  other  great  Dictionaries.  Gradual, 
careful  phonetic  progress  is  a  duty  we  all  owe  to  our  profession. 

I  have  usually  recommended  that  in  medicine  the  diphthongs  a  and  ce  be  supplanted  by  e ; 
such  usage  is  already  well  established  as  regards  many  words,  and  the  suggestion  is  in  strict 
harmony  with  etymology  and  the  spirit  of  the  language.  We  do  not  spell  such  words  as 
gangrane,  tether,  ceconomy,  (eternal,  pcenalty,  mediaeval,  solcecism,  primaeval,  as  here  written, 
and  the  redundant  diphthong  should  not  be  retained  in  diarrhoea,  hamorrhage,  oedema,  coeliotomy, 
pediatric,  etc.     Why  is  the  change  right  in  one  instance  and  wrong  in  the  other? 

In  the  spelling  of  certain  chemic  words,  the  advice  of  The  American  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science  has.  as  a  rule,  been  followed,  and  seems  to  be  in  the  line  of  cautious 
and  wise  progress.  The  unanimous  acceptance  and  practice  of  all  these  recommendations  by 
the  American  Medical  Editors'  Association  constitute  a  gratifying  proof  of  progressiveness 
and  freedom  from  irrational  prejudice. 

7.  To  indicate  the  best  pronunciation  of  words  by  the  simplest  and  most  easily  understood 
phonetic  method.  The  plan  I  have  used  is  simple  and  little  liable  to  mistaking.  The  sylla- 
bification has  no  significance  except  to  show  the  pronunciation,  and  in  this  the  natural  English 
common  usage  and  power  of  letters  are  followed.  Thus,  in  all  but  a  few  instances,  the  use  of 
diacritic  marks  and  vexatious  signs  or  symbols  is  avoided.  When  a  vowel  stands  alone  or 
at  the  end  of  a  syllable  it  has  its  natural  long  sound  :  <?,  as  in  male;  e,  as  in  mete;  i,  as  in 
mile;  0,  as  in  mole ;  u,  as  in  mule ;  when  preceding,  or  between,  consonants,  the  vowels  have 
their  natural  short  sounds,  unless  occasionally  the  use  of  the  diacritic  mark  gives  them  the 
long  sound,  as  at  (ate),  os  (ose),  it  (ite).  In  a  few  instances  the  sign,  "  has  been  used 
over  a,  as  in  marriage,  to  distinguish  the  sound  from  that  of  a.  as  in  harm.  When  a  has  the 
sound  of  ah,  it  has  generally  been  written  ah.  In  such  words  as  cystotomy,  acidity,  and  the  like, 
the  pronunciation  of  the  final  vowel-sound  is  indicated  by  e,  as  being  the  simplest  representa- 
tion of  the  common  sound  not  otherwise  easily  expressed  phonetically.  When  s  has  the  sound 
of  z  it  is  indicated  by  z.  The  pronunciation  of  some  foreign  words  has  been  approximated  by 
devices  readily  comprehended. 

It  is  impossible  to  adequately  express  my  deep  sense  of  gratitude  to  those  who  have  aided 
me  in  the  preparation  and  proof-reading  of  this  volume.  Dr.  C.  W.  Greene,  the  experienced 
philologist,  also  Dr.  W.  A.  X.  Dorland,  Professor  Charles  S.  Dolley,  1  >r.  A.  A.  Eshner,  and 
Professor  Burt  C>.  Wilder,  have  been  most  self-sacrificing,  and  to  their  scientific  zeal,  literary 
experience,  and  tireless  good-will  those  who  find  the  book  useful  will  be  indebted.  To  Dr. 
Dolley,  the  well-known  biologist,  belongs  unstinted  praise  for  the  preparation  of  the  definitions 
of   biologic  terms,   the  table  of  Bacteria,  and  that  of  Parasites,  as  well  as  for  a   number  of 


PREFACE.  vii 

original  drawings.  Intelligence,  learning,  and  never-failing  conscientiousness  have  been  given 
almost  every  line  of  the  work  by  I)rs.  Dorland  and  Eshner.  The  same  is  true  of  the  work,  of 
Dr.  David  Riesman. 

It  seems  almost  wrong  to  mention  in  a  second  order  the  names  of  Professor  S.  H.  Gage, 
Professor  Henry  Leffmann,  Dr.  A.  C.  Wood,  Dr.  Alfred  Stengel,  Professor  A.  P.  PruPaker.  Dr. 
J.  Chalmers  Da  Costa,  Dr.  A.  II.  Cleveland,  Mr.  Ryland  W.  Greene,  Dr.  J.  Hendrie  Lloyd, 
Mr.  Pierre  A.  Fish,  Dr.  D.  Bevan,  Dr.  Emma  Billstein,  Dr.  S.  McClintock  Hamill,  Dr.  A.  IP 
Stewart,  and  others. 

Every  author  well  knows,  or  perhaps  regrets  that  he  does  not  know,  the  blessing  of  a 
publisher  and  of  a  printer  who  take  pride  in  their  work  above  and  beyond  the  question  of 
dollars  and  cents.      Such  a  publisher  and  such  a  printer  I  have  had. 

The  acceptability  of  the  smaller  dictionaries  I  have  offered  the  profession  (something  like 
twenty-five  thousand  copies  having  been  distributed)  leads  me  to  hope  that  the  present  more 
complete  work  will  find  a  wider  range  of  usefulness. 

GEORGE  M.   GOULD. 
Philadelphia,  April,  /S94. 


PREFACE  TO  THE  THIRD   EDITION. 


The  rapid  exhaustion  of  the  first  and  second  editions  of  this  dictionary  permits  me  to 
correct  a  number  of  typographic  and  other  errors,  to  modify  some  definitions,  and  to  add  new 
material  throughout  the  entire  extent  of  the  book.  I  have  profited  by  the  kind  criticisms  of 
friends  and  of  reviewers,  and  such  suggestions  as  seemed  to  me  just  have  been  accepted  and  era. 
bodied  in  the  work.  In  science,  and  especially  in  the  science  of  medicine,  what  was  true  yester- 
day may  be  only  half-true  to-day,  and  may  even  be  wholly  untrue  to-morrow.  Old  knowledge 
is  constantly  undergoing  modification,  and  new  knowledge  is  as  constantly  appearing,  so  that  it 
is  only  by  constant  changes  that  a  book  seeking  to  reflect  the  condition  and  growth  of  a  science 
can  from  day  to  day  remain  a  perfect  mirror  of  its  progress. 

The  most  outspoken  words  of  praise  in  reviews,  notices,  private  letters,  etc.,  as  also  the 
exhaustion  in  so  short  a  time  of  two  large  editions,  give  evidence  that  the  volume  has  found  a 
certain  field  of  usefulness,  and,  personally,  nothing  can  be  more  gratifying  than  the  assurance 
that  one  has  been  of  distinct  service  to  his  profession  and  to  his  fellows. 

GEORGE    M.   GOULD. 
Philadelphia,  September,  1895. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


ABBREVIATIONS   USED   IN  GENERAL   MEDICINE. 

Crast Crastinus  .... 

Crys 

Cs 

Cu Cuprum     .   .   . 

Cuj Cujus 

C.  v Cras  vespere  . 

Cyath Cyathus     .   .   . 

D Do sis;   Da    .   . 

Decub.      .   .   .  Decubitus     .   . 
De  d.  in  d.  .   .  De  die  in  diem 

Deg 

De  R 

Destil.    .   .   .      Destilla  .... 

Det Detur 

Dieb.  alt.  .   .    .  Diebus  alternis 
"      tert.    .    .        "        tertiis 

Dil Dilue 

Dilut Dilutus  .... 

Dim Dimidius  .    .    . 

Dist Distilla  .... 

Div Divide    .... 


aa 

.  Of  each. 

A.  c 

.  Ante  cibum  ... 

e  meals. 

.  The  belly. 

Abs.feb.  .   . 

.  Abscntc  febre  .  . 

.  When  fevei  is  absent 

Abstr.    .    .    . 

.  Abstractum  .  .  . 

.  Abstract. 

Ad 

.  Adde 

.  Add. 

Ad  lib.  .   .   . 

.  At  pleasure,  as  desired. 

Admov.    .   . 

.  Admoveatur    .   . 

.  Let  it  be  applied. 

Ad  pond.  om. 

Ad pondus omnium  To  the  weight  ol  the  whole. 

Adv 

.  Adversum    .   .   . 

.  Against. 

Aggred.  feb. 

.  Aggi  ediente  febre 

.  While  lever  is  coming  on. 

Al 

.  Aluminum     .    .    . 

.  Aluminum. 

Alt.  dieb.  .   . 

.  Alternis  diebus  . 

.  Every  other  day. 

Alt.  hor.    .   . 

.  Alternis  horis  .   . 

.  Every  other  hour. 

Alv.  adstrict 

,  Alvo  adstricta 

.  The  bowels  being  confined. 

Alv.  deject. 

.  Alvi  dejectiones  .   , 

,  The  intestinal  evacuations. 

Aq 

.  Aqua 

.  Water. 

Aq.  astr.  .   . 

.  Aqua  astricta  .    . 

,  Ice. 

Aq.  bull.    .   . 

.  Aqua  bulliens 

Boiling  water 

Aq.  com.  .   . 

.  Aqua  communis 

.  (  ommon  water. 

Aq.  dest.  .   . 

.  Aqua  destillata  . 

.  I  distilled  water. 

Aq.  ferv.   .    . 

.  Aqua  fervens  .   . 

.  Hoi  water. 

Aq.  font.  .    . 

.  Aqua  fi  mtana  .   . 

Spi  ing  water. 

Aq.  mar.  .    . 

.  Aqua  marina   .    . 

.  Ocean  water. 

Aq.  pur.    .    . 

.  Pure  water. 

As 

.  Arsenic. 

At.  wt.  .    .    . 

.  Atomic  weight. 

Av 

B 

.  Boron,  Bowels. 

Ba 

.  Barium. 

B.  A.,  or  B  S 

.   Balneum  arena;  .   . 

.  Sand  bath. 

Bals 

.  Balsamum    ... 

.  Balsam. 

Be 

,  Beryllium. 

Bi 

Bib 

.  Bibe 

Drink.  . 

Biol 

.  Biology. 

B.  i.  d.  .    .   . 

.  Twice  dailv. 

B.  M.     .   .'. 

.  Balneum  maris   .   , 

,  Sea-water  bath. 

Bol 

,  A  large  pill. 

B.  p 

,  Boiling-point. 
.  Bromin. 

Br 

Bull 

,  Let  it  boil. 

B.  v 

.  Balneum  vaporis    . 

Vapor  bath. 

C 

f  Congius,  Cetiti- 
\     grade 

f  Carbon  ;  Cubic;  A  gallon  ; 

i     Centigrade. 

Ca 

ium. 

Cap 

.  Capiat 

Let  him  take. 

Cd 

Ce 

Cel.         .   .    . 

Celsius. 

Cent.      .    .    . 

Cg 

Centigram. 

Cm 

.  Cras  mane    .... 

To-morrow  morning. 

cm 

C.  m.  s.      .    . 

(Cras  mane  su- 
X      mend us 

J  To  be  taken  to- morrow 

i      morning. 

C.  n 

.  Cras  nocte    .   .   .   , 

,  To-morrow  night. 

Co 

Cobalt. 

Cochl.     .    .    . 

Spoonful. 

Cochl.  ampl. 

amplum 

A  tablespooriful. 

"       infant 

infant  is 

\  ;    tspoonful. 

"        mag. 

magnum 

A  tablespoonful. 

"        med. 

"          medium 

A  dessertspoonful. 

"       parv. 

parvum 

A  teaspoonful. 

Col 

.  Cola     .    .   . 

Colat.     .    .    . 

Colet.     .   .    . 

Let  it  be  strained. 

Color.     .    .    . 

.  Let  it  be  colored 

Comp.     .    .    . 

.  Compositus  .    .    . 

.  Compound. 

Cong.     .    .   . 

.  A  gallon. 

.  Conserva  .... 

.  Keep. 

.  Continuatur 

Let  it  be  continued 

Cont.  rem.  . 

(  Continuetur 

'  \     remedium 

f  Let  the  medicine  be 
1     tinued. 

Coq 

.  Coque     .... 

.  Boil. 

.  Cortex 

.  Bark. 

D   in  p.  a;q. 


Divide  in  partes 
.equates      .    .    . 
f  Donee  alv  us 
1      soluta  fuerit 


Directione  propria 


Donee  alv. 
sol.  fuerit, 

DP 

E 

Eb 

E.-j 

Ejusd Ejusdem    .   .    .    . 

Elec Electuarium     .    . 

Emb 

Enem 

Er 

Exhib Exhibeatur  .   .   . 

Ext Extractum    .   .   . 

F 

Far 

Fe Ferrum      .... 

Feb.  dur.  .    .   .  Febre  durante     . 

F.  .  Ft Fac,  Fiat  .... 

Filt Filtra 

Fid Fluidus 

Flor Flores 

F.  m Fiat  mistura    .   . 

Fol Folia       

F.  p Fiat  potio  .... 

F.  pil Fiat  pilula     .    .    . 

F.  s.  a Fiat  secundum 

artem      .   .   .   . 

Galv 

Gl 

Gm 

Gr Granum      .... 

Gtt Guttae 

Guttat Guttatim   .... 

H 

Hg Hydrargyrum     . 

HI 

Hm 

Hor.  decub.     .  llora  decubitus 

H.  s Hora  somni  .   .   . 

I Iodum 

In 

In  d In  die 

Inf Infunde 

Inj Iniectio 

Ir 

K Kalium 

K.-j 

Kl 

Km 

L 

Li 

Liq 

M Meridies:  Misce 

Mac Macera      .... 

Mass.  pil     .   .  Massa  pilularum 


.  For  to-morrow. 
■lal. 
ii  m. 
i  !opp 
Ofwhi(  h. 

morrow  evening. 
>sful. 
.ive. 
Lying  down. 
I  ■    in  day  to  day. 
.  Degree:  degeneration. 
.  Reaction  of  degeneration. 
.  D  -til. 

.  Let  it  be  gh  en. 
.  '  in  alternate  days 
.  Every  third  day. 
.  Let  it  be  dissolved. 
.  Dilute. 
.  One-half. 

Distil. 
.  Divide. 

.  Divide  into  equal  parts. 
[Until    the    bowels    are 

i      opened 

With  a  proper  direction. 
Erbium 
Erbium. 

w-jerk. 
Ol   the  same. 
An  electuary;   Electricity 
Embryology. 
1  nema. 
Erbium. 
Let  it  be  given. 
Extract. 

Fahrenheit ;   Fluorin. 
Farad  ic. 
Iron. 

The  lever  continuing. 
Make. 
Filter. 
Fluid. 
Flowers. 
Make  a  mixture. 
Leaves. 

Make  a  potion. 
Make  a  pill. 


Prepare  skilfully. 

inic. 
Glucinum. 
Gram. 
Grain. 
,  Drops. 
By  drops. 

iry. 
Hectoliter. 
tometer. 
1-time. 
At  bed-time. 
Iodin. 
Indium. 
Daily. 
Pour  in. 
An  injection. 
Iridium. 
Potassium. 
Knee-jerk. 
Kilolil 

Kilometer. 
I.it'-r. 
Lithium. 
Liquor. 

i  :   Mix. 
rate. 
Pill-mass. 


IX 


AI'.IIKI  A  1A  I  h  INS 


M.  ft Mislura  fiat .   .   .   .  Let  a  mixture  be  made. 

Mg Magnesium;  Mill 

Ml M 

Mm Mi 

Mod.  pre- 
script M  In  the  manner  din 
Mol.  wt.   ...  i  weight. 
Mor.  sol.  .   .    .                  ito  ....  In  i  way. 

Muc Mu  .    .   .  M 

Myg ...  Myriagram. 

Myl M 

Mym.     .    .        M\  nam 

N ii. 

Na N.iiriuiii Sodium. 

Ni ... 

No N 

Noct By  night. 

O \  pint. 

Ol.    .    .    .  Oli  urn        .... 


Ol.  oliv.  . 
Ol.-res.  .  . 
O.  m. 
Omn.  bin. 
Omn.  hor. 
Omn.  noct. 


iua    . 
■ii  mane  . 

.  t  mini  ii 


.  Olive-oil. 

.  Oleoresin. 

.  E\  ery  morning. 

i  \  two  hours 
rj  hour. 
:  >  night 


Os.  Osmium. 

Ov Ovum \n  egg. 

Oz I'm  1. 1 Ounce. 

Phosphorus,  Pulse. 


Part.  aeq.  .   .      Partes  sequales 

Pb Plumbum      .   . 

P.  c Post  cibum  .   . 

P.  C Ponduscivile  . 

Pd 

Phar 

Pil Pilula 


Equal  parts. 

I  i  .ul. 

i    tin-. lis. 
Avoirdupois  weight. 
ladium. 
.  Pharmacopeia. 
Pill. 


Pocul Poculum \  cup 

Pond Pondere     .   .  By  weight. 

Pot Potio Potion;  potassa. 

Ppt Preparata Precipitate;   Prepared. 

P.  rat.  aetat    .  Pro  rata  <etati>   .   .  In  proportion  to  age. 

P.  r.  n Pro  re  nata  ....  When  required. 

Pt Pint. 

Pulv Pulvis Pow 

Q.  d Quater  in  die  Four  times  a  day. 

Q.  1 Quantum  libet    .  .  Ai  required. 


Q.  p Quantum  plai 

Q   s "         sufficit    . 

Qt 

Q.  v Quantum  vis  .  .  . 

K 


Ii.     . 

Kad. 
Rb. 


R< ,  ipe 
Radix 


R.  D 

Rect.       .    .    . 
Rep.    .    .    . 

S 

S 

S   a 

Sb 

Scr 

Sig 

Sig.  n.  pr. 

Sing.  .  . 
Si  non  val. 
Si  op  sit  . 
Solv.  .  .  . 
Sp..  or  Spir. 
Sp.gr.    .   . 


itllS    .      .      . 

II  1 . 1 1 III-     .   .    . 

nils 

•  Signa 

Si  i  undum  ai  tem 

.  Stibium         .   .   . 

Si  i  upulum    .   .   . 

.  Signetur    .... 

a  nomine 

pn  ipi  in  .   .   .  . 

.  Singulorum  .   .   . 

.  Si  non  \  aleat   .   . 

.  Si  opus  sit    ... 

ilve 

.  Spiritus 


At  will. 

A  sufficient  quantity. 
Quart. 

\>  much  as  you  wish. 
Reaumur's     thermometer, 

Ri  spiration. 
Take. 

Rubidium. 

ii  of  degeneration. 
Ret  lined. 
Lei  ii  ted. 

Hall  ;  Sulphur. 
Label. 

Ai  i  "i  ding  to  art. 
Autim 
Si  i  uple. 
Let  it  he  labeled. 


Ss Semi,  semissis    .  . 

St Stel 

Su Sumal     

S.  v Spiritus  vini     .    .    . 

S.  v.  r Spiritus  vini 

rectil  i  atus   .   .   . 

S.  v.  t Spiritus  vini  tenuis 

Syr S\  1  upus     .... 


T.  d lit  in  die  .   . 

Tr.,  Tinct.    .    .  'In,,  tura    .    . 
Ung 1  Inguentum  . 

Ur 

Vesic Vesii  atorium 

Wt 


V.  s.  b Venesectio  bi 

TTl Minimum 

5 Drai  hma  .... 

3 Scrupulum    .  .   .   . 

3 Uncia 


with  common  name. 

ii  h. 
Ii  it  does  not  answer. 

misite. 
i  h'ssolve. 

Spit  it. 

ii  gravity. 
One-half. 
Lei  it  stand. 
Let  him  take. 

Alcoholic  spirit. 

Rei  i  ified  spirit  of  w  inc. 

alcohol,  proof-spirit. 
S\  1  up. 

ure. 
Three  times  a  day. 
I         ure. 
Ointment. 
Urine. 
A  blister. 
w  eight 

nig  from  the  arm. 
Minim, 
Dram. 

pie. 
c  luni 


ABBREVIATIONS    THAT    SHOULD    ONLY   BE    USED    UNDER    HEADINGS,    OR    WITH  A 
CONTEXT,  RENDERING  THE  MEANING  OBVIOUS  —Ewart. 

S.  C.  F Supraclavii  ular  Fossa. 

Sp.  C Spinal  Cord. 

S.  S.  F Supra-  -sa. 

V.  C.  or  V.  B.    .    .  Vocal  Pan. Is. 


Names  of  Diseases. 

Bctasis Bronchiectasis. 

Brhea Bronchorrhea. 

Btls Bronchitis 

G    K Granular  Kidney. 

G.  P General  Paralysis. 

Phth.,  or  Phthisis. 

Pna Pneumonia. 

Pnx       Pneumothorax. 

Rhc  F Rheumatic  Fever. 

Rhsm Rheumatism. 

Set  F Scarlet  Fever. 

Syph.,  or  ot4.    .    .  Syphilis. 

Names  of  Rrgions  or  Organs. 

Clavr r,.ivi,  „,.ir 

I.  C.  F Infraclavicular  Fossa. 

Infrascr     ....  Infrascapular. 

Interscr Interscapular. 

Mamy     Mammary. 


Names  of  Signs  and  Symptoms. 

C  / Cough. 

Cephgia Cephalal 

Hge Hemorrhage. 

Ng'a Neuralgia. 

N.  S Night-swi 

Spm Sputum. 

T Ton 

V  g      Vomiting 

Vt Vomit 

In  Physical  Examination,  Etc. 

H.  C Humid  '  >ns. 

R.  S Respii  ati  >i  j  Sound. 

V.  F Voi  al  I- 1'  in  I 

V.  S Vi  'ii  e-si  ium  i 


ABBREVIATIONS  USED  IN  OPHTII  \I  MOLOGY. 


Ace Accommodation. 

Ah Hyperopic  Astigmatism. 

Am Myopic  Astigmatism. 

As Astigmatism. 

Ax 

B.  D Base  (of  prism)  down. 

B.  I "         in 

B.  O out. 

B.  U "      "      "         up. 

cm Centime  I 

Cyl .(  vlinder,  Cylindric  Lens. 

D 

E Emmetropia,  Emmetropic. 

F Formula. 

H H  Hoi  izontal. 


L    E Left  Eyi 

M Mvi  ipia    M;  •  ipii  . 

mm Mill 

o.  D Oi  nius  dexter—  Ki   I  '   : 

O.  S Oculus  sinisti  I      I 

P.  p Punctum  prox!mum,  Neai  Point. 

P.  r Punctum  remolum,  Far  Point 

R.  E Right  I 

Sph Spheric,  Sphei  ii   I 

Sym Symmel 

V Vision,  Visua  Vertical. 

-f ,  — ,         Plus,  Mini       I  qual  t". 

oo Infinity,  20  li.  distance. 

3 Combined  with. 

0 Degree. 


ABBREVIATE  »NS 


XI 


ABBREVIATIONS  .USED  IN  OTOLOGY. 


a 

A.  C 

A.  D 

A.  S 

B.  C 

c 

d 

F 

gl 

// 

L 

in.         

Meat.  Aud.  Ext. 

M.  E 

Meat.  Aud.  Int.  ; 

M.I 

Men.  dis.      .    .    . 

M. flac 

M.  T.;  Mt.  .    .    . 

Myring 

O 

ot.  ext.  ac.  .    .    . 


Applied  tool  in  contact  with  Auricle. 

Aii-i  ondm  i  ii  m. 

Auris  dextra— Right   Ear. 

Auris  sinistra — Lefl 

Bi  men  ondui  tion. 

tact. 
i  ii  ntes  -  applied  to  I  <  eth. 
Tuning-fork. 

i  .     lella    applied  to  Forehead. 
1 1.  ,u  ing  Powi 

Li  n    i 

Applied  to  Mastoid. 


■  rial  Auditory  Meatus. 

Internal  Auditory  Meatus. 

Meniei e's  i lisease. 

Meml  cida  ;  Shrapnell's  membrane. 

Membrana  tympani. 

Myi  ingitis. 

Complete  I  a<  lc  of  Perception  of  Sound. 

Otitis  externa  acuta. 


i  Ititis  externa  i  hronica. 
Otitis  media  suppurativa  acuta. 


ot.  ext.  chron.  . 
ot.  ext.  diff.  .  . 
ot.  med.  sup  ac. 
ot.  med.  sup. 

chron Otitis  media  suppurativa 

Pol Politzer's. 

Pol.  Ac Politzer's  Acoumeter. 

R Right   I 

S Susurrus— a  Whisi 

/ Applied  to  Temple. 

Tymp T>  mpanum. 

ub Unique — when  applied  at  all  points. 

Voice. 

V Applied  to  Vertex. 

vib Vibration. 

- Applied  to  Zygoma 

' I 

" Inches. 

oo Heard,  but  not  I   iider-.tood. 

R Rhine's  'lest  Positive. 

— R Rinne's  lest  Negative. 


ABBREVIATIONS  USED  IN  ELECTROTHERAPEUTICS. 


A.,  or  An \uode. 

Amp Ampere 

A.  C Anodal  Closing. 

A.  C.  C Anodal  Closure  Contraction. 

A.  C.  O Anodal  Closing  Odor. 

A.  C.  P Anodal  Closing  Picture. 

A.  C.  S Anodal  Closing  Sound. 

A.  D Anodal  Duration. 

A.  D.  C Anodal  Duration  Contraction. 

A.  M Ampei v-ni. 

A.  O Anodal  Opening. 

A.  O.  C Anodal  Opening  Contraction. 

A.  O.  O Anodal  Opening  Odor. 

A.  O.  P Anodal  Opening  Picture. 

A.  O.  S Anodal  Opening  Sound. 

B Magnetic  Induction. 

B.  A.  U British  Association  Unit. 

C Centigrade;  Current;  Cathode. 

.  Cathodal  Closure. 

.  Cathodal  Closure  Contraction. 

.  Win.  mis  Degrees  of  Contraction. 

.  Cathodal  Closing  Tetanus. 

.  Centimeter-gram-second  Units. 

.  ( '.i!  hodal  ( )pening. 

.  Cathodal  Opening  Contraction. 

C.  S Current-strength. 


c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

II 

c. 

c. 

T. 

c. 

G. 

s. 

Un 

its. 

c. 

o. 

c. 

o. 

c. 

.       . 

Duration  ;  Density. 


De.  R Reaction  of  Degeneration. 

E Earth  ;  Electromotive  Force. 

E.  M.  D.  P.     .    .    .  Electromotive  Difference  of  Potential. 

E.  M.  F Electromotive  Force. 

F.  M Field  Magnet. 

H Horizontal  Intensity  of   the  Earth's  Mag- 
netism ;  One  Unit  of  Self-induction 

H Intensity  of  Magnetic  Force. 

I Intensity  of  Magnetism. 

J Joule. 

K Electrostatic  Capacity. 

K Rath 


Kl Klang  (sound). 

K.  C Kathodal  Closing. 

K.  C.  C (Cathodal  Closing  Contraction. 

K.  C.  T Kathodal  Closing  Tetai 

K.  D {Cathodal  Duration  (or  Period  of  Closure  ol 

1     ; 

K.  D.  C Kathodal  Duration  Contraction. 

K.  D.  T Kathodal  Duration  Tetanus. 

K.  W Kilo-watt. 

L Inductance  (Coefficient  of) ;  Length. 

M Strength  ol  Pole. 

Ma Milliampere. 

Mfd Mi.  rofarad. 

N North   Pole. 

O Opening  ol   I    in  uit. 

P.  D Potential  Difference. 

Q Electric  Quantity. 

R Ohmic  Resistance. 

S South  Pole. 

T Time. 

Te Tetanic  Contraction. 

U Unit. 

V Volume;  Velocitv. 

v \'..lt. 

V.  A Voltaic  Alternative. 

V.  M Volt-meter. 

W Work  ;   Weight  :   Watt 

Z Contraction  (Zucku 

Z.Z.'Z." Increasing  Strengths  of  Contraction. 

k Magnetic  Susceptibility. 

fj. Magnetic  Permeability. 

u> Ohm. 

p Specific  Resistam 

fi Megohm  (one-millionth  part  of  an  ohm). 

•i  J- Battery. 

+ Anode  or  Positive  P 

— Kathode  or  Negative  Pole. 

>  .  Greater  than,  as  k~  >  A. 

< Less  than. 


PREFIXES   AND   SUFFIXES   USED    IN    CHEMISTRY 


Am-  indicates  the  group  Nil... 

Azo-,  diazo-,  and  hydrazo-  indicate  compounds  in  which  nitro- 
gen atoms  are  linked  in  various  ways. 

Di-  is  applied  as  a  prefix  to  signify  /. 

Im-  indicates  the  group  Nil 

Ket-  indicates  the  molecule  CO  in  certain  structural  re- 
lations. 

Mon-  is  employed  as  a  prefix  to  signify  one. 

Nitro-  indicates  the  group  NOo. 

Pent-  is  applied  as  a  prefix  to  signify  five. 

per-  denotes    in    a    rather  v  ise   an   indefinitely   large 

amount  of  the  body  to  which  it  is  prefixed,  or  to  which 
it  is  referred. 

Sesqui-  indicates  the  proportion  of  two  to  tin;-,-. 

Sub-  is  employed  in  a  rather  vague  sens,,  to  indicate  defi- 
ciency of  the  body  tii  which  it  is  prefixed. 

Tetr-  is  applied  as  a  prefix  to  signify  four. 

Thio-  indicates  sulphur,  especially  replacing  oxygen. 

Tri-  (sometimes  "  ter-")  is  applied  as  a  prefix  to  signify  tlirce. 

-al  indicates  aldehydic  structure. 

-an  is  applied  to  a  class  of  bodies  related  to  the  starch  and 
sugar  group. 

-ane  indicates  a  saturated  hydrocarbon. 

-ase  indicates  an  enzyme,  or  non-organized  ferment,  e.g.,  dias- 


tase.    This  termination   is  at  present  restricted   gener- 
ally to  enzymes  of  vegetable  origin,  but  it  should  a 
usi   1  with  animal  enzymes — which,  however,  usually  end 
in  "in."     It    would    thus  be   better   t.>  say  pepsai 
t>  ypsase,  rather  than  pepsin  and  trypsin. 

-ate.    A  suffix  to  nouns  in  chemistry  signifying  any  salt  formed 
be  an  acid  acting  on  a  base  ;  /•.  £-.,  sulphate,  phosphi 

-ic  denotes  the  higher  of  two  valet  med  by  an  element, 

and  incidentally  in  many  cases  a  larger  amount  o: 
gen. 

-in  is  of  no  precise  significance,  and  is  mostly  applied  to  bodies 
the  structure  of  which  is  not  yet  known. 

-yl,  -ene,  -enyl.  and   -ine    indicate  hydrocarbons.     According 
■  American  s;  by,  the  only  case  in 

which  "in--"  is  used    is  as  a   termination    for  a  sei 
hydrocarbons,    beginning  with   Ethine,    I  ..dish 

writers  and  some  Anu-i  ican  chemists  use  it  to  signify  basic 
properties,  regarding  -in  as  the  proper  term  for  non-basic 
bodies.  They  thus  distinguish  between  salicin,  which 
forms  in)  salts  with  acids,  and  morphin  (which  under  such  . 
system  is  spelled  "  morphine"),  which  does.  It  must  be 
noted  that  such  methods  are  not  in  accordance  with  the 
tendency  of  modern  chemic  nomenclature,  which  seeks 
to  express  structure,  not  properties.     The  organic  bases 


Xll 


ABBRE\  [ATIONS 


or  alkaloids  the  same  type,  and  when 

their  structure  is  elucidated  systematic  names  will  be 
found  for  them.  Until  then  there  is  no  particular  gain 
in  indicating  them  as  a  group. 

-id  is  "  in. 

-ol  indicates  alcoholic  structure,  i.  e.,  presence  of  the  group 
HO  (hydi     .  cohol,  glycerol,  phenol. 

-one  1  to  bodies  related  to  the  si 

It  is,  however,  nut  used  with  this  significance  in  "  pep- 


tone," which  word  is  not  formed  according  to  any  estab- 

lished  system. 

-ose  indicates  a  carbohydrate,  e.   g\,  glucose,  although   it  is 

also  occasionally  applied  to  the  results  of  digestion  of 

pi oteids,  '-. g .,  albumost 
-ous  denotes  the  lower  ol  two  degrees  of  valency  assumed 

by  an  element  and  ini  identall)  indie  ales,  in  many  cases. 

a  small  amount  oi  oxj  gen. 
The  word  sulphonic  indicates  the  group  HSO3. 


Advt. 

A.  O. 
a.  p. 

B.  H. 

B.  L.  . 
C    A.    . 

C.  C. 

C.  G    S. 
C.  O. 
C.  P.    . 
C.  P.    . 


c.  p.     . 
C.  Q.  S. 
C.  S.    . 

C.  S.J. 

D.  I.  D. 
D.  O. 
D.  P.  . 


d.  p.    .    . 

e.  c. 

F.  M.  D. 

G.  O.  .  . 
I.  .  .  . 
I.  A.  .  . 
I.  D.  .  . 
I.  P.  .  . 
I.  S.  .  . 
J.  P. 

L.  A.  .  . 
L.  B.  .  . 
L.  C.  C. 
L.  E.  .  . 
L.  G.  B. 
L.  S.  A. 
M.  A.  B. 
M.  A.  M. 


ABBREVIATIONS   USED  IN  HYGIENE  AND  SANITARY  LAW. 

.  Advertisement. 

der. 
pit. 

II.  altll. 

.  By-Law  or  By-Laws. 
.1  raing  Authority, 
icil. 
I  General  Sessions. 
z  Order, 
ntributory  Place. 
.  Cattle-plague. 
.  Cesspits. 

t  <>t'  yuarter  Sessions. 
imissioners  of  Sewers. 
.  Court  ol  Summary  Jurisdiction. 

ius  Infei  tious  Disease. 
.  Demolition  Order. 

.  Daily  Penalty;    <  not  exceeding;   >  not 
less  than. 
■pit. 
■  h-closet. 
.  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease. 
.  General  Order. 

i'tor. 
.  Infected  Area. 
.  Infectious  Disease. 
.  Infected  Place. 
.  Improvement  Scheme. 
.  Justice  nt  the  Peace. 
.  Local  Authority. 
.  Local  Board. 
.  London  County  Council. 
.  Local  Enquiry. 
.  Local  Government  Hoard. 

.  I  1  ical  Sanitary  Authority. 

.  Metropolitan  Asylums'  Hoards. 

.  Metropolitan  Asylums'  Managers. 


M.  M.     .   . 

.  Medical  Man. 

M.  O.      .   . 

.  Medical  Officer. 

M.  O.  H.   . 

.  Medical  Officei  of  Health. 

N.  O.      .    . 

.  .Nuisance  ()i 

O 

.  Ow  ner  ;  <  »c<  upier. 

O.  C.   .   .    . 

Ordei  in  1  'mine  il. 

O.  R.  .    .    . 

.  Official  Representation. 

P 

.  Privy. 

P.  A.       .   . 

.  Public  Analyst. 

P.  C. 

.  Privj  Council. 

P.  I.  E.      . 

.  Private  Improvement  Expenses. 

P.  O.   .    .    . 

.  Prevention  <  )rder. 

Prov.  O.    . 

.  Provisional  Order. 

P.  P.    .    .    . 

.  i'l.  uro-Pneumonia. 

P.  S.  A.     . 

.  P01 1  Sanitary  Authority. 

P.  S.  C.  .    . 

.  Pettj  Sessional  Court. 

Q.  S. 

.  Quarter  Sessions. 

R.  A.  .   .    . 

.  Rural  Authority. 

R.  D.      .    . 

.  Rural  District. 

Rg 

.  Regulations. 

R.  P.  C.     . 

.  Rivers-pollution  Commission. 

R.  S.  A.     . 

.  Rural  Sanitary  Authoi  ity. 

R.  S.  D.    . 

.  Rural  Sanitary  District. 

S.  A.    .   .    . 

.  Sanitary  Authority. 

s.  c.     ... 

.  Sanitary  <  '<  >n\  enience. 

S.  I.     ... 

.  Sanitary  Inspector. 

S.  O.       .   . 

.  Special  Order. 

S.  S.    ... 

.  Secretary  ol  State. 

U.  A.      .   . 

.  Urban  Authoritj  ;  Unhealthy  Area 

U.  D.      .    . 

.  Urban  Disd 

U.  H.  H.  . 

.  Unfit  lor  Human  Habitation. 

U.  S.  A.     . 

.  Urban  Sanitai  v  Authoi  ity. 

U.  S.  D.    . 

.  Urban  Sanitary  District. 

V.  I.    ... 

.  Veterinary  Inspet  tor. 

.  Water-i  li 

W.  Co.  .    . 

.  Water  Company. 

w.  w.     . 

.  Water  Wmks. 

ABBREVIATIONS  USED   FOR  ACTS  OF   PARLIAMENT. 


A.  A 

C.  B.  A. 

C.  D.    A..  A. 

C.  L.  H.  A. 

D.  C.  M.O.  . 

F.  W.  A. 
H.  W.  C.  A. 
I.  D.  'N.  A. 
I.  D.  IP.)  A. 
L.  C.  C.  A. 
L.  G.  A. 


Alkali  Acts,  1S63,  1874 (Consolidated),  1881.  M.  L.  M.  A. 

Canal  Boats  Ads.  1877-84.  M.  W.  C.  A. 

Contagious  Diseases  (Animal)  Act,  1878.  P.  H.  A.    .  . 

Common  Lodging  Houses  Act.  i85i,etc.  P.  H.  (A.)  A. 

Dairv,   Cowshed,  and   Milk    Shop  Order,  P.  H.  (DA. 

J5-6.  P.  H.  (L.    A. 

Factories  and  Workshop  Act,  :S78.  P.  H.  (S.)  A. 

Housing  of  Working  Classes  Act,  1S90.  P.  H.  (W.)  A 

Infectious  Diseases  1  Notification  1  Act,  1889.  P.  W.  L.  A. 

(Prevention)  Act,  1890.  R.  P.  A.     .   . 

Land  Clauses  (Consolidation)  Acts,  1845.  S.  F.  D.  A.  . 

Local  Government  Act,  1888.  S.  J.  A.  .   .   . 


.  Metropolis  Local  Management  Act,  1855. 

Water  Companies  Act,  1871. 
.  Public  Health  (Kngland)  Act,  1875. 
.      "  "        (Amendt.)    "     1S90. 

.       "  "         (Ireland)       "      1878. 

.      "  "        (London)     "      1891. 

.      "  "         (Scotland)    "      1867. 

(Water)         "       1878. 
.  Public  Works  Loans  Act,  1879. 
.  Rivers  Pollution  A<  t,  1876 
.  Sale  ol'  Food  and  Drills  Act,  1875. 

.  Summary  Jurisdiction  Act. 


SIGNS  ABBREVIATIONS,  ETC.,  U*SED  IN  DESCRIPTIVE  ZOOLOGY  AND  BOTANY. 


O ! 

Inches 

" Lines;  each  one-twelfth  of  an  inch,  or  about 

two  millimeters. 
! A  mark  of  affirmation  or  authentication. 

? \  mark  of  doubt. 

- Figures  or  words  separated  by  a  short  dash 

indicate   the  3   of    variation,    as 

5-10"  long,   few-many    flowered ;    i.    '■., 

varying  from   5  to  10  lines  in  length,  and 
with  few  to  many  flowers. 

c.C Cubic  centimeter. 

cm.  Centimeter. 

mm Millimi  I 

m- The    Micron,   Micromi'limeter,  or   unit   of 

For  coi 
the  following  table  of 
comparative  measurements  is  given  : — 


n             hi 
I 

2.   . 
3. 

4 " 

5-  • 


M-  In 

6.  . 

7.  . 

8.  .    . 

9-  •   • 

10.  . 


Inch,  ix 

iv    ....     2.5399 

2S-3997 

tAo 253.9972 

One  Meter  .    39.370432  in. 


X Used  to  express  magnification,  thus  X  1000 

indicates  a  magnification  of  1000  diame- 
ters. The  impropei  fraction  '",""  indi- 
cates the  same  thing,  but  is  rarely  used. 

(D An  annual  Herb. 

© A  biennial  Herb. 

A  perennial  1 1 

t> An  Undershrub,  deciduous. 

S3 An  Undershrub,  evergreen. 

O A  Shrub,  dei  iduous. 

O  A  Shi  11b,  '  \  ei  ■.!  ■  1  ii 

O  .    .    .  ...  A  Tree,  dec  idu 

\3         A  Tree,  every  1 

1? An  herbaceous  Vine,  annual  or  biennial. 

*p \  woody  Vine,  deciduous 

"r? A  woody  Vim  1  en. 

l~ A  trailing  Herb,  annual  or  biennial. 

k> A  trailing  Hi  nial. 

££■ An  aquatic  plant. 

§ Flowers  perfect. 


ABBREVIATIONS 


Xlll 


<f A  male  animator  a  plant  or  flower  bear- 
ing only  stamens  01  antheridia. 

$ A    female     animal    or    a    plant    or    flower 

bearing  only  pistils  or  an  begonia. 

Q A  young  animal  of  undetermined  sex,  thus 

cfo,  young  m  lie,  i  u  j  yg  for  young  female, 
but  jjuv  {Juvenis,  young). 

0 A  monocarpn    plant. 

0= Cotyledons  accumbent. 

OH Cotyledons  incumbent. 

f A  plant  introduced  ami  naturalized. 

f A  plant  cultivated  for  ornament. 

I A  plant  cultivated  for  use. 

8 Monecious. 

cf  9 Diei  i'  ius 

d"  §  9 Polygamus. 

O Wanting  or  none. 

oo Numerous  or  indefinite ;  more  than  twenty 

when  applied  to  stamens. 

<r The  microsecond  represents  .on i  si 

the  unit  of  time  in  experiments  or  psycho- 
physic   reactions. 

Ant/tors'  names  are  abbreviated  in  the  foil  '■  ranner: — 

Ait.,  Aiton.  Bech.,  Bechstein.  Cham.,  Chamisso.  Dum., 
Dumeril,  etc. 

Nupt,  signifies  in  ornithology,  breeding  plumage. 

hornot,  means  a  bird  ol  the  yi   U 

-aceae,  a  suffix  used  in  botany  to  designate  a  family,  the  name 
chosen  being  one  of  the  principal  genera.  Ex.,  Rosa,  Ros- 
acea, Ranunculus,  Raninuulaccce.  Ci.,icece,idetz,  inecE, 
ea. 

-ana,  preferably  used  as  a  suffix  to  the  name  of  a  species 
around  which  others  naturally  cluster,  in  the  naming  of 
subsections  or  groups  of  species;  e.g.,  the  group  of 
species  of  Helix  related  to  //.  pomaiia  may  be  indicated 
by  the  term  Pomatiana. 

-ensis,  a  termination  given  to  the  names  of  species  only  when 
derived  from  the  name  of  their  habitat;  e.g.,  Ta-nia 
niadagascariensis,  Daphne  chinensis,  Dractzna  brasili- 
ensis. 

Eu-,  employed  as  a  prefix  in  forming  the  names  of  genera,  sub- 
genera, or  sections  of  genera  before  a  Gi%eek  derivative. 

Excl.  gen.,  exclusit  genus. 

Excl.  sps.,  exclusit  species. 

Excl.  var.,  exclusit  varietas,  when  following  an  onym,  indi- 
cates that  the  group  has  undergone  revision,  and  the 
name  does  not  cover  the  original  ground  to  the  extent 
indicated. 

-ia,  -ius,  -ica,  -icus,  -ina,  -inus,  -ita,  -itus,  terminations 
used  in  making  specific  names  which  are  derived  from 
the  name  of  a  river  or  other  body  of  water,  a  province, 
a  country,  or  a  kingdom  ;  e.  g.,  arabicus. 

-iceae,  -ideae,  -ineae,  suffixes  used  in  botany  to  designate  a 
family  when  the  name  taken  ends  in  Latin  -ix  or  -is 
(genitive  icis,  idis,  iscis);  e.g.,  Salicinece  from  Salix, 
Berberidece  from  Herberts,  Tamariscinece  from  Tannin  v. 

-sae,  as  a  rule,  these  suffixes,  together  with  ece,  are  employed 
to  designate  botanic  sub-families,  tribes,  and  sub-tribes  ; 
e.  g.,  Rosea  from  Rosa. 

-idae,  -inae,  the  suffixes  added  to  the  name  of  the  earliest 
known  or  most  characteristic  genus,  to  designate  zoologic 


families  or  sub-families;  e. g.,  Slrix,  Strigis,  Strigidce, 

/:u,  ■  rolis.  But  eroi 
-ites,  -itis,  frequently  employed  to  designate  fossil  organisms 

analogous  to  the  living  form  whose  genei  is  the 

radical  to  which  ites  is  appended.     They  are  rarely  used 

with  specific  names 
Mutatis  char.,  mutatis  characteris,  when  following  a  specific 

name  signifies  a  <  hange  in  the  diagnostic  characters  of  a 

-astrum,  -oidea  or  -oides,  -oidalis,  -oideum,  -opsis,  termina- 
tions   employed     in    forming    generii 

i lie  names  after  a  Greek  derivative.  Bourguinal 
served  to  be  appended  to  the 
name  of  a  genus  to  indicate  its  typical  sub-division. 
Opsi.\  ami  oides  should  be  reserved  for  sub-divisions  of  a 
genus  which  resemble  another  genus,  by  adding  them  to 
the  name  of  thai  other  genus  when  it  is  of  Greek    .rigin. 

-oides  is  pi  eferabl  -k  or 

bai  barous  I  never  Latin  I  origin 

(a)  When  the  radical  •■!  the  specific  name  is  the  name  of  a 
genus  which    it    resembles,  e.  g.,    Salix   myrtillo 
Bupleurum    ranunculoides,    Malva    abutiloides,     Thuja 
cupressoi 

(b)  When  the  radical  is  the  name  of  another  species  which 
the  new  one  resembles.  Helix  carascaloid.es,  a  species 
like  //.  ,  iii  ascalensis. 

(c)  When  the  radii  al  of  the  specific  name  is  a  Greek  word 
signifying  an  animal,  organ,  part,  object,  as  Potentilla 
iii, n  knot  tea,  Prenanthei  deltoidea,  Jungermannia  zo'dp- 

,  rhomboidale,  pterigoideus,  paraboloides, 
din  ti  oideus. 

Only  one  apparent  exception  to  the  compounding  of  Greek 
and  Latin  has  been  consecrated  by  usage;  viz.  :  ovoides 
from  o7>um  and  tiSo?  ;  this  has  arisen  from  the  absence  of 
euphony  in  the  correct  form,  ooides  (<io>>,  and  €i5osi. 

pro-parte,  for  a  part,  when  following  a  specific  name  indi- 
cates that  since  its  tirst  application  the  group  has  been 
revised. 

Pseudo-,  a  prefix  employed  in  forming  specific  names  before 
a  <  .reek  derivative. 

-pteris,  a  termination  frequently  employed  in  the  generic 
names  of  ferns,  for  the  purpose  oi  recalling  the  affinities 
<  >l  the  genus. 

sp.  (i)  In  zoology,  abbreviation  of  species,  written  when  the 
specific  name  is  not  known  or  is  wanting,  or  if  placed 
after  the  name  of  the  authority,  as  Crania  craniolaris, 
Linne  sp.,  indicates  that  Untie  is  only  to  be  credited 
with  the  specific  name. 
(2)  In  botany,  species  or  specimen. 

Sub-,  a  prefix  employed  in  forming  specific  names  before  a 
Latin  derivative.  It  may  also  be  used  in  designating  a 
new  species  before  the  name  of  another  with  which  the 
first  was  in  intimate  relation.  It  is  also  used  in  the  sense 
of  nearly,  less,  somewhat,  slightly.  It  has.  moreover,  a 
few  legitimate  Latin  compounds  which  may  be  used  for 
specific  names  ;  e.g.,subterraneus,  iubalpinus-a-um,  sub- 
currens,  subcutaneus,  subdimidiatus,  subjectus,  sub- 
mersus,  subrotundus,  substrains. 

Sub-sp.,  subspecies. 

gen.,  genus. 

var.,  variety,  placed  before  the  name  of  a  plant  or  animal 
indicates  that  it  is  a  hybrid  of  doubtful  origin. 


SUNDRY 

Adj Adjective. 

Adv Adverb. 

Am American. 

Arab Arabic. 

A.  S Anglo-Saxon. 

Bot Botany.  Botanic. 

B.  Ph British  Pharmacopeia. 

Celt Celtic. 

Cf Confer,  see. 

Chem Chemistry,  Chemic. 

Colloq Colloquial. 

Comp Compounded,  Compound. 

Dim Diminutive. 

e.  g [Exempli  gratia),  For  example. 

Elec Electricitv. 

Eng English. 

Etym Etymology,  Etymologic. 

f. Feminine. 

Fr French. 

Geog Geography,  Geographic. 

Geol.   . Geology,  Geologic. 

Geom Geometry,  Geometric. 

Ger .  German. 

G.  Ph German  Pharmacopeia. 

Gr Greek. 

Heb Hebrew. 

Hind Hindustani. 

Ichth Ichthyology. 

i.  e (id  est),  that  is. 

It Italian. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 

L.,  or  Lat Latin. 

Masc Masculine. 

Math -Mathematics. 

Med Medicine.  Medical. 

M.  E Middle  English. 

N.  F National  Formulary. 

Nat.  Hist Natural  History. 

Neg Negative. 

Obs Obsolete. 

O.  F Old  French. 

Ophth Ophthalmology,  Ophthalmologic. 

Path Pathology,  Pathologic. 

Phil Philosophy,  Philosophic. 

Phys Phvsiology,  Phvsiologic. 

pi Plural. 

priv Privative. 

Pron Pronounced,  Pronunciation. 

q.v (Quod  vide)  which  see. 

Sax Saxon. 

Sing Singular. 

Sp Spanish. 

Surg s     .  -urgical. 

Unof Unofficial. 

U.  S.  Ph t'nited  Slates  Pharmacopeia. 

v Verb. 

v.  i Intransitive  verb. 

vide S( 

v.  t Transitive  verb. 

Zool Zoology,  Zoologic. 


S.1V 


ABBRE\  I  A  1  [<  »NS 


PREFIXES  AND  SUFFIXES  USED  IN  MEDICAL  TERMS. 


PREFIX  I  S. 


A-.  an-,  billed  alph  ''.r.  a,  av,  or  an),  the  equiva- 

lent of  our  pr<  denotes  an  ab  want 

:  bj  the  pi  incipal : 
ia,     apyi 
is  use. I    before   consonants, 
an  I  and,  rarely,  am  before  bl  or  6>\       i 

be  distinguished  from  ana.) 

Ad-  i  it,  toward  iction,  adhesion.      The  d  is 

mpound  to  correspond  tc  the  next 
let!  '.-,  appt  ndt  i 

Al-(Arab.)  article  :  alchemy,  the  secret  art;  alcohol, 

the  \  ery  subtle. 

Amphi-  o.r  amph-1  i<ip<;»i  I,  upon  l>i>th  sides,  in  two  ways,  as  in 
amphiat  xmphibia,  etc. 

Ana-  -,h,  again  ;  e.  g.,  anabeKsm,  anasarca, 

anal 

Anti-  (01  ant-i  (avri).  Against,  opposed  to,  opposite  of ;  as 
an/a  :  .  antibt  achium,  antipyretic,  antiseptic,  etc. 

Apo-  ff,  away,  upon  j  e.  g.,  aponeurosis,  apoplexy,  etc. 

Auto-  (aCi-df).    S(  toprpsia,  autoj. 

Bary-  (fiapvs).    Heavy,  difficult :  as  barymezia,  baryphonia 

Bi-,  bin- (bis).  Twice,  twofold;  e.g.,  bicuspid, bivalent,  binoc- 
ular, binaural. 

Bio-i8io,-i.     I  lasm,  biology,  biolysis. 

Brach-  (fipa^ioiv).   Ai  m,  pertaining  to  the  arm  ;  as  brachialgia, 

Broncho-  (&p6y\o<;).  Pertaining  to  the  trachea;  as  bronchor- 
rhagia,  b>  onchotomy. 

Cardi-,  cardio-  (xapSia).  Pertaining  to  the  heart,  as  cardio- 
'/.  caraia  . 

Celio-.  cceho- ocoiAca;.  Pertaining  to  the  belly,  as  celiotomy, 
cast 

Chiro-    \«ip).     The  hand.     Chiragra,  chiropodist. 

Co-,  con-.     Together,  along  with  ;  e.g.,  coitus,  congenital. 

Dacryo-  (Saxpvotd.  A  tear,  pertaining  to  a  tear  ;  as  dacryoid, 
da  'is. 

Dactyl-  (SaxrvAos).  A  finger;  pertaining  to  the  fingers;  as 
dactylitis,  dactylion,  dactylate. 

Dermo-,  dermato-  (6epn.a).  The  skin  ;  pertaining  to  the  skin  ; 
e  g-,  dermotomy,  dermatolysis 

Di-  (<5is).     Twice,  double;   as  dimorphism,  digastric. 

Dia-  (oia)  Through.  Examples:  diabetes,  diagnosis,  dia- 
phragm, diarrhea,  etc. 

Dyn-  (Siiva^is)       Force,  power;    dynamogeny,  dyttamograph. 

Dys-  (5vs).  Difficult,  defective,  painful ;  e.g.,  dysentery,  dysp- 
nea, dysuria. 

Ec-,  ex-,  ecto-  (««,  tf.  exi-os).  Out,  outside,  away  from  ;  as 
in  ecchymoses,  ecdemic,  eclampsia,  exostosis,  exanthema, 
',)  opion,  ectoderm. 

En-,  em-  (iv,  e/x)  In,  within  ;  as  in  embryo,  embolism,  en- 
demic, etc. 

Endo-,  ento-  (ivros).  Within,  internal  ;  e.  g.,  endarteritis, 
endoscope,  entoblast,  entoptic. 

Entero-  ,ivttpov).  The  intestine  ;  as  in  enterocele,  enter- 
ostomy, etc. 

Epi-  (euil.  Upon,  over,  above:  e.  g.,  epiblast,  epicranium, 
epi  ■identic,  etc. 

Extra-  (Lot.).     Outside;  e.g.,  extravasation,  extroversion. 

Galact-(y«Aai.   Milk  :  asgalactocele, galactosemia, galacluria. 

Gastro-  (ya<rT)jpi.  The  stomach;  relation  to  the  stomach; 
.  gastrocele,  gastrocnemius,  gastroenterostomy,  etc. 

Genio-  [yevtiov).  Pertaining  to  the  chin;  e.  g.,  geniohyoglos- 
.  geniohyoid. 

Glosso-  (-/AwTo-ai.  Pertaining  to  the  tongue.  Sec  glossology, 
glo  vtia. 

Haema-,  haemato- or  hemo- (aiual  The  blood  :  pertaining  to 
hematemesis,  hematoma, hemort 

Hemi-  (qjit-rj/iurvs).  Half;  as  in  hemiachromatopsia,  hemi- 
crania.  hemiplegia. 

Hepat-  iri-irap).    Tin- liver  :  pertaining  to  the  liv<  \epat-. 

m,  hepatopostema. 

Hetera-  Different;    opposite;  e.g.,  heteroinfection, 

het  heteropathy 

Hydro-,  hydr-  ft/Scop i.  Water  ;  resembling  or  relating  to  water, 
dro|  as    in    hydremia,    hydragogue,    hydrate, 

Hype  rated  abnormalitv  in  amount, 

hypermeti 
.  and  nthei  S 
Hypr.  nopathy,  hypnotism 

Hypo-  mount,  size,  quality, 

■  ihenia, 
atic,  hypoglossal. 
Hystera-,  hystero-  ;  relation 

I"     '  o  epilepsy, 

Ileo-  (Ileum).    Pertaining  to  the  ileum  ■  e.  g.,  ileo-colilis,  ilea- 

hllS. 


Ilio-  ( Ilium).    Pertaining  to  the  ilium  ;  e.  g.,  iliofemoral,  ilio- 
lumbar. 
Im-,  in-  {/m.    Privative,  negative;  as  imperforate,  incarcer- 
n,  insane,  incontinent  e. 

In-  (tv).     In,  within,  u] bj  ;  as  incubation,  infarction,  in- 

immation,  inoculation,  etc. 
Infra-  (Infra).      Beneath,  below;   e.g.,    inframaxillary,   in- 

tlar. 
Inter- (/m/  Between.    See  intercellular,  intercostal, inter- 

ti  i^o,  and  otb 
Intra-  (Intra).     Within,    inside   of,  as   inlra-articular,  intra- 
ute>  ine. 

Iso-  ticros-).    Equal,  like;  e.g.,  isometric,  isothermal, isopathy. 
Kata-,  kath-  ((card).  Down, through  ;  askatabolism,  katatoma, 

kathode. 
Leuko-    (AeuKo?).        Whiteness;     e.  g.,    leukemia,    leukocyte, 

leukomain,  leukort  hea. 
Lith-,  litho-  (Ai0o?).      Pertaining  to  stone,  call  ulus,  or   litbic 

ai  id.    See  lit  hernia,  lithiasts,  lithotripsy,  i  ti 
Macro-  (pa/cpos).   Large  ness,  hypertrophy  ;  as  in  macroglossia, 

ntacromelia. 
Mai-  (Malu    >.     Bad  ;   as  malformation,  malpractice,  malaria 
Melano-  (p.«Aas).    Blackness,  pigmentation  ;  e  g., melancholia, 

melano-sat  coma. 
Meso-  (/jeo-os).    The  middle;  e.g.,  ntesoblast,  mesocolon, etc. 
Meta-  (uero).    With,  after;  e.  g.,  metabolism,  metatarsus 
Micro-  (/uocpo?).    Smallness;  e.g.,  micrococcus,  microglossia, 

microscope. 
Mon-,  mono-  (pdros).     Singleness.     For  example,  monamin, 

monomania,  monorchis. 
Morpho-  (/xop</)r;).   Shape,  form;  e.g.,morphography,morphol- 

og  v,  morphometry. 
Multi-  (multus).     Number,  many;  e.g.,  mullilocular,  multi- 

parous. 
Myelo-  (jiveAdc).     Referring  to  the  brain  or  spinal  cord;    as 

myeloid,  myelitis. 

Myo- (juvs).  Pertaining  to  a  muscle  or  to  muscularity.  See 
myocarditis,  myoma,  myopathy. 

Neo-  (i-KKi.  New,  recent,  young ;  as  neogala,  neo-membrane, 
neoplasm. 

Nephr- ircifrposi.  Pertaining  to  the  kidney;  e.  g  ,  uefhra- 
postasis,  nephria   nephritis. 

Neuro-  (vevpov).  Relating  to  a  nerve  or  to  neurology  In  the  ori- 
ginal Greek  the  word  meant  a  cord  or  tendon, — neurosis, 
the  stringing  of  the  bow.  It  is  now  applied  only  to 
nerve-structure;  as,  e.  g.,  neuralgia,  neurasthenia, 
neurilemma,  neuroglia. 

Ob-  [Ob).  In  front  of,  against,  denoting  hindrance  or  ob- 
struction; e.  g.,  obstruent,  obturator,  occlusion,  op- 
ponens. 

Odonto-  (6S01/O.     Of  the  teeth  ;  as  odontology,  odontalgia. 

Oligo-  (0A1709).     Fewness  or  lack  of,  as  oligocythemia. 

Ophthalmo-  (r>4>0aAp.os).  Pertaining  to  the  eye,  as  ophthal- 
mia, ophthalmoplegia. 

Ortho-  [op86<s).  Straight,  upright,  correct.  See  orthoscope, 
orthopedia,  ■  tris. 

Osteo-  iba-r(oi').  Referring  to  bone.  See  osteoblast,  osteomyel- 
itis, osteoplastic. 

Oto-  (m'(i.     Pertaining  to  the  ear,  as  otorrhea,  otophone. 

Oxy-  ii'fes).  Denoting  the  presence  of  oxygen,  or  acidity ;  as 
oxygen,  0  vyhemoglobtn. 

Pan-,  Pant-  (i-ds,  7rdi).  All,  every,  universal;  as  pancreas, 
pangenesis,  pantomorphic. 

Para-  (itapaA.  Through,  near,  by,  by  the  side  of,  abnormality. 
Examples:  paracentesis,  paresthesia,  parenchyma,  p1"- 

Peri-  (TTtpi).  About,  around.  See,  e.  g.,  pericardium,  I  en- 
meter,  perilymph,  pet  iosteum. 

Pod-  (irovs).     Pertaining  to  the  foot,  as  podalgia,  podedema. 

Poly-,  pol-  (TroAiif).  Manx-,  nun  b  ;  e.g.,  polycorta, polygalac- 
tia, polyuria. 

Prae-.  pre-  'Fieri.     Before;  e  g., prcecordia, prepuce. 

Pro-  (wp6Y  Before,  down  ;  as  in  process,  procidentia,  prolapse, 
proptosii . 

Proc-.  procto-  f-pwKTo?)  The  anus,  pertaining  to  the  anus; 
tilt's,  pi  octopl 

Pseudo-  tjsev&ri<;).  False,  spurious  ;  as  in  pseudoarthrosis,  pseudo- 

Pyo- (irvof),     Pertaining  to  pus  or  purulency;  1  -;//., 

pyosaipin  1  , 

Pyr-,  pyro-  firvp).     Conci  01    beat,  or  inflammation  ; 

pyrexia. 
Retro-  1 /•:  Backward,  behind;    e.  g.,  retroft 

ion 

Rhin-,  Rhino-  [pis).     Pertaining  to  the   nose,  as   rhinoplasty, 

rhinitis. 
Semi-   (Semis).     Half,  partly,   almost,   as   semicapium,   setui- 

liin.n  . 


ABBREVIATIONS 


xv 


Sphyg-  (o-(l>vyn6s).     Pertaining  to  the  pulse,  as  sphygmometer, 

tphygmotechny. 
Sub-  (Sub).     Beneath,  under ;  and  also  partially  or  defii 

of,  as  subt  lavian,  subluxation. 
Super-  (Super).    Above,  upon ;  excess  of;   e.  g.,  superctlium, 

superfecundation. 


Supra-  [Supi-a).     Above,  upon,  superior  to,  as  suprau> 

supraspinatu  s. 
Sym-.  syn-   vv\  .   With,  together,  same.    See,  e.  g.,  symblepk- 

aron,  symphy   i  ,  synalgia,  synchondi 

Zo'6-  ti'uioej.     Animal.     Si  .  r,  zobchemia. 


s  IF  FIXES. 


-ago  (agere)  Gives  the  idea  of  activity,  presentation,  etc.;  as 
lumbago. 

-agogue  (ayfir,  to  bear  off,  cany  away).    Signifies  an  a 

stimulating  the  function  ol  exi  retioii  or  se(  r<  tion  of  the 
product,    'rims,  emmenagogue,  hydragogue,  sialagogue. 

-agra  (dypa,  an  attack,  seizun  D  notes  an  acute  attack  of 
pain  in  the  part,  as  arthragra,  podagra. 

-algia  (dAyos,  pain).     Pain   in  a  part,  •  I  by  the  chief 

word  ;  e.  i-..  •  ephalalgia,  g as tr algia. 

-atresia  (aTpijcrta).     Imperforate,  as  in  proi  (atresia. 

-cele  (kt)A>)).  A  tumor,  hernia,  or  protrusion.  See  cystocele, 
hydrocele,  meningocele. 

-cele,  ccele  (<oi\ia).     A  cavity,  ventricle;  e.  g.,  mcsocele. 

-ectomy  (eKTejxpcti').  Kxcision,  exsei  tion;  as  inoophore<  tomy, 
nephrectomy,  splene>  t<>»iv. 

-emia,  (<ii/u.a,  blood).  D<  not<  -  a  •  ondition  of  the  blood,  or  an 
ingredient  in  the  same,  expressed  by  preceding  word  ; 
e.g.,  hydremia,  lit  hernia,  pyemia,  uremia 

-etin  (pjjtiVj))      Used  in  the  nanus  of  certain  resins,  asabie/iu. 

-fuge  Ougare,  to  expel).  Driving  out,  an  expeller,  as  vermi- 
fuge, febrifuge,  etc. 

-graph,  graphy  [ypd$eiv,  to  write).  An  instrument  ;  a  treatise 
or  description  ;  e.g.,  sphygmograph,  demography. 

-ia,  oft  jn  contrai  ted  to  -t ,  denotes  the  < inality  of  the  root-word 
as  an  abstract  noun,  as  acromegalia,  acromegaly. 

-idae  (-i'5ijs).  The  suffix  to  the  name  of  a  genus  forming  the 
name  of  a  family  ;  bovidcE,  equidce. 

-igo.     A  variation  of  -ago;  e.g.,  prurigo,  vertigo. 

-is,  -sis.    Present  the  abstract  idea  of  activity  of  the  root-word. 

-ism  (-KTM09).  Implies  the  doctrine,  practice,  or  theory  of  the 
principal  word  ;  Darwinism,  tribadism. 

-ite  (-i7->)s).  Of  the  nature  of.  In  anatomy,  denoting  a  constit- 
uent part  of  an  organ;  Assergite,sternile.  In  chemistry, 
any  salt  of  an  -ous  acid  ;  as  sulphite,  phosphite. 

-itis  (-iTts).  Originally  the  feminine  ending  of  Greek  substan- 
tives and  denotes  an  especial  activity  of  the  root-word. 
By  habit  and  general  use  it  is  now  limited  to  inflam- 
matory activity  ;   as  gastritis,  otitis,  etc. 

-logy  (Aoyo?,  discourse).  A  treatise  upon ;  as  bacteriology, 
dermatology,  pathology. 

-lysis  (Au'o-15,  a  loosening).  A  separation  into  constituent  parts, 
or  the  setting  free  of  some  part :  as  hydrolysis,  analysis. 

-malacia  (ndAaxos,  soft).  Abnormal  softness ;  as  in  osteo- 
malacia. 

-mania  ijiana,  madness).    The  chief  word  denotes  the  principal 


symptom  of  the   mental   affection;    e.  g.,   erotomania, 
kleptomania,  c  t<  . 

-meter  [fierpov,  a  measure).  An  instrument  for  measuring; 
e.  g.,  aerometei .  u>  inomeli  r 

-odynia  oSvktj,  excessive  pain)  Th<  principal  word  denotes 
the  seat  1  pain,  as  coccygodynia. 

-oid  (fl&os,  form).  Similar  in  shape,  etc.;  as  in  choroid,  cuboid, 
fphenoid,  .<  //  h 

-oma  (uj/ia).    A  tu  1 1  glioma,  sarcoma. 

-opia  (u>4i).     Pertaining  to  the  eye  or  vision;  as  in  awWi 
myopia,  etc. 

-orium,  -torium.  -sorium  trr/piop).  Designate  places,  tools, 
etc  :  as  tentorium,  auditorium,  ■ 

-osis,  -osus,  derived  from  Cieik  words  in  -ba>,  and  usually 
denote  1  dundancy,  excess. 

-pathy  inddo<;).  A  condition  ol  disease,  and  also  a  method  of 
cute;  as  adenopathy,  psychopathy,  homeopathy,  hydro- 
path  1 . 

-phobia  (<6o0o?.  fear).  Morbid  or  exaggerated  fear  or  dread, 
as  agoraphobia,  photophobia.  t 

-plasty  (n-Adao-cii'.  to  lornn  Surgical  plastic  operation  upon 
a  part:  e.g.,  bleph  y,  ihinoplasty. 

-rhagia  (prjyi'iTii,  to  burst  forth).  A  hemorrhage  or  excessive 
discharge-;  e  g.,  blennorrhagia,  metrorrt 

-rhaphy  (pa<;»j,  a  suture  1.  A  stitching  or  suturing  of  a  part  ;  as 
entei  01  rhaphy,  perineot  >  haphy. 

-rhea  Ipeeiv,  to  flow).  An  excessive  discharge  or  excretion  :  as 
blennorrhea,  diarrhea,  leukorrhea. 

-scope  (o-ico7rtir,  to  look).  An  instrument  for  making  an  exam- 
ination ;  as  laryngoscope,  microscope. 

-scopy  (dKOTriiiv).     An  examination  ;  as  ophthalmoscopy. 

-stomy  OTTo/ia.  mouth).  A  suffix  seen  in  the  names  of  those 
surgical  operations  in  which  an  artificial  opening  or  pas- 
sage is  formed,  as  enterostomy. 

-tas,  -ty.  Derived  originally  from  the  Greek  -T7)s,  denote  ab- 
stract quality  or  idea,  as  immunity,  acidi 

-tio,  -atio,  -tion.  A  suffix  of  verbal  roots  denoting  an  action 
or  function  as  taking  place — an  occurrence  The  n  was 
added  to  the  original  -tio  by  Roman  and  French  in- 
fluence. 

-tomy  (Te/xveiv,  to  cutl.     Incision:  e.  g.,  laparotomy,  tenotomy. 

-ulus,  -ula,  -ulum,  -ola,  -ion,  -ellus,  -illus.  -leus.  Diminu- 
tives. 

-uria  (ovpeeiv,  to  urinate).  Abnormalities  of  the  urine  or  of 
urination  ;   as  albuminu?  ia,  polyuria. 


A.  A.  S 

A.  B.  or  B.  A.     . 

A.  M 

CM 

D.  D.  S 

D.  P.  H 

D.  S.  M 

D.  S.  S 

F.  B.  S.  .   . 

F.  B.  S.Ed.     .    . 

F.  C.  S 

F.  E.  S 

F.  F.  P.  S.  G. 

F.  K.  Q.  C.  P.  I. 

F.  L.  S 

F.  R.  C.  P.  L.    . 

F.  R.C.  P.  Ed.  . 

F.  R.  C.  P.  I.  .    . 

F.  R.  C.  S.  E.     . 

F.  R.  C.  S.  Ed.  . 

F.  R.  C.  S.  I.   .   . 

F.  R.  S 

F.  R.  S.  E.       .    . 
F.  R.  S.  L.   .    .    . 

L.  A.  H 

L.  D.  S 

L.  F.  P.  S.  G.     . 

L.  K.  Q.  C.  P.  I. 


DEGREES,  DIPLOMAS,  AND  QUALIFICATIONS. 

Fellow  of  the  American  Academy.  LL,  B Bachelor  of  Laws. 

Bachelor  of  Arts.  LL.  D Doctor  of  Laws. 

Master  of  Arts.  L.  R.  C.  P.  L.    .    .  Licentiate  of  the   Royal  College  of  Physi- 

Master  in  Surgery.  cians  of  London. 

Doctor  of  Dental  Surgery.  L.  R.  C.  P.  Ed.  .   .  Licentiate  of  the  Royal  College  of  Physi- 

Diploma  in  Public  Health.  cians  of  Edinburgh. 

Diploma  in  State  Medicine.  L.  R.C.  S.  Ed.  .   .  Licentiate  of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons 

Diploma  in  Sanitary  Science.  of  Edinburgh. 

Fellow  of  the  Botanical  Society.  L.  R.  C.  S.  I.  .    .    .  Licentiate  of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons 

Fellow  Botanical  Society  of  Edinburgh.  in  Ireland. 

Fellow  of  the  Chemical  Society.  L.  S.  A Licentiate  of  the  Apothecaries' Society  of 

Fellow  of  the  Entomological  Society.  London. 

Fellow  of  the  Faculty  of  Physicians  and         L.  S.  S Licentiate  in  Sanitary  Science. 

Surgeons  of  Glasgow.  M.  A Master  of  Arts. 

Fellow  of  the  King  and  Queen's  College  of        M.  B Bachelor  of  Medicine. 

Physicians  of  Ireland.  M.  D Doctor  of  Medicine. 

Fellow  of  the  Linnaean  Society.  M.  K.  Q.  C.  P.  I.   .  Member  of  the  King  and  Queen's  College 

Fellow  of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians  of  Physicians  of  Ireland. 

of  London.  M.  P.  S Member  ol  the  Pharmaceutical  Society. 

Fellow  of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians  M.  R.  C.  C.      ...  Member  Royal  College  of  Chemistry. 

of  Edinburgh.  M.  R.  C.  P.  L.    .    .  Member  of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians 

Fellow  of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians  of  London. 

of  Ireland.  M.  R.  C.  P.  Ed.    .  Member  ofthe  Royal  College  of  Physicians 

Fellow  of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  of  Edinburgh. 

of  England.  M.  R.  C.  P.  I.     .   .  Member  of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians-. 

Fellow  of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  of   Ireland. 

of  Edinburgh.  M.  R.  C.  S.  E.    .   .  Member  of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons 

Fellow  of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  of  England. 

in  Ireland.  M.  R.  C.  S.  Ed.    .  Member  of  the   Royal  College  of  Surgeons 

.  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society.  of  Edinburgh. 

,  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh.  M.  R.  C.  S.  I.     .    ,  Member  of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons 

,  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  of  London.  in  Ireland. 

ticentiateofthe  Apothecaries' Hall, Dublin.  M.  R.  C.  V.  S.    .   .  Member  of  the  Royal  College  of  Veterinary 

iceiitiate  in  Dental  Surgery.  Surgeons. 

,  Licentiate  of  the  Faculty  of  Physicians  and        M.  S Master  in  Surgery. 

Surgeons  of  Glasgow.  Ph  B Bachelor  of  Philosophy. 

,  Licentiate  of  the  King  and  Queen's  College        Ph.  D Doctor  of  Philosot 

of  Physicians  of  Ireland.  V.  S Veterinary  Surgeon. 


INDEX   OF   TABLES 


AND   IMPORTANT   DEFINITIONS,  WHEREIN   LARGE   NUMBERS  OF   FACTS  ARE 

BROUGHT  TOGETHER  AND  CLASSIFIED. 


PAl   I 

reviations ix 

Prefixes  and  Suffixes,      .    . xiv 

Acids 28 

hols 56 

1yds 57 

79 

s3 

116 

Artificial  Feeding  of  Infants .    .  140 

157 

ivv 

Baths             195 

ctrical,  used  in  Medicine, 1 

217 

th  Sounds 235 

253 

Carbohydrates, 261 

Catheters,  S\/.f±  ui    Illustrated ) , 272 

1 280 

285 

Milks, 316 

Convolutions  of  Cerebrum  (Illustrated),     ....  323 

Craniometric  Points, 337 

Diameters,  Craniometric  and  Pelvic, 369 

.   Eponymic, 380 

-.  Gaubins'  Table 395 

Ducts 398 

F.lectric  Units 413 

I       nents,  Chemic, 416 

Ethers 444 

Exanthemata, 450 

metry 465 

ns  and  Presentations  of, 467 

466 

Fissures, 473 

Flour, 479 

482 

Foramina, 483 

Jia 502 

Glands 517 

Lkerchief  Dressings  (Illustrated ) , 540 

nia  (Illustrated), 561 

Hydrocarbons, 581 

nity, 015 

surgical  {Illustrated), 

Koumiss,  Analysis  of,      646 

una, 055 

663 

ikomains 

■if. 11  of 678 

679 

688 

ilization                       701 

Membrana 741 

Metri             m -59 


PAGl 

Milk,  Analysis  of, 70S 

Monstrosities 779 

Motor  Points  {Illustrated), 784 

.Mulatto 789 

Murmurs 792 

Muscles  [Illustrated  ) 795 

Nerves  [Illustrated) 848 

Nuclei,       878 

1  lils 889 

»  lleomargarin,  Analysis  of, 892 

(  Iperations,  Eponymic, 899 

•  Irganotherapy, 940 

Paralyses,  973 

Parasites  {Illustrated), 97S 

035 
075 

0S5 

109 

114 

121 

133 

161 

167 

175 
IM 
2IO 

235 
245 
248 

253 
255 
323 
329 
331 


Pelves  (Illustrated) 

Phthisis, 

Pigments,      

Planes,       

Plates 

Plexuses, 

Points 

Poisons 

Position,  and  Position  and  Direction, 

Postures  |  lllustrat  </) 

Pregnancy,   

Processes 

Pti  .mains, 

Kales, 

Reflexes, 

Regions  (Illustrated), 

Resins 

Respiration 

Signs  and  Symptoms  of  Disease,  .    . 

Sinuses  (Illustrated),      

Skin  Diseases, 

Soaps 


es,      

tacle  Lenses,  Numbering  of 

Spinal  Cord,  Localization  in  (Illustrated 
Stains,  Fluids  for  Fixing  ami  Hardening,  etc. 

Starches  (Illustrated ) , 

Sugars 

Sutures  (Illustrated),      

I  ests 

Theories, 

Thermometers,  Comparison  of, 

Treatments 

Triangles 


Tumors  [Illustrated') 

Urinary  Calculi,  Analysis  of 

Urinary  Sediment  

I  rine,  <  lolors  of  the, 

\  eins 

Wave-lengths  and  Frequencies  of  Light, 
Weights  and  Measures  (Illustrated),    .    . 


338 

343 
346 
354 
367 
408 

43° 
437 
468 
5io 
513 
532 
539 
555 
576 

577 
580 
592 
(.12 
613 


xvi 


AN  ILLUSTRATED  DICTIONARY 


i 


Medicine,  Biology,  and  Allied  Sciences. 


A  [d,  dv,  or  an,  without].  The  Greek  letter  alpha,  called 
alpha  privative,  equivalent  lo  the  prefix  icn  or  in.  It 
denotes  absence  or  want  of  the  thing  or  quality  expressed 
by  the  root  of  the  word.  ,r  i-  used  before  consonant, 
and  an-  before  vowel  sounds;  am-  is  sometimes  used 
before  -bl  or  -be.     Also,  tin-  symbol  of  An 

Aa  [dvd,  of  each].  An  abbreviation,  written  aa,  used 
in  prescriptions  to  denote  repetition  of  the  same  quan- 
tity for  each  item 

aaa.     Abbreviation  for  Amalgam. 

Aasmus  (a-as' '-inns)  [aaauoc,  a  breathing  out].     Asthma. 

Ab  [ab,  from].     A  Latin  prefix  Minifying  from. 

Abaca  \ab'-ak-ah,  Sp.  pron.  ali-vah-kah').  Manilla 
hemp.  .See  Hemp.  Also  Musa  textilis,  the  plant 
which  produces  it. 

Abactinal  (ab  ak'-tin-al \  [ab,  away;  actinal,  the  oral 
surface  of  a  radiate  animal].  In  biology,  aboral. 
Agassiz's  term  for  the  surface  of  radiates  opposite  to 
that  having  the  mouth. 

Abactio  [ad-ak'-sh e-o)  [abigere,  to  drive  away].  An 
abortion,  or  labor,  artificially  induced. 

Abactus  Venter  (ab-akf-tus  ven'-ter)  [abigere,  to  drive 
out ;  venter,  the  belly].  An  abortion  procured  by  artifi- 
cial means. 

Abadie's  Sign.      See  Signs  and  Symptoms,  Table  of. 

Abalienated  (ab-dl'-yen-a-ted)  [abalienatus,  alienated, 
estranged].  I.  Deranged,  or  insane.  2.  Gangrenous, 
or  so  severely  injured  as  to  require  amputation  or  extir- 
pation. 

Abalienation  (ab-dl-yen-af  -shuti)  [abalienatio;  ab,  away; 
alienare,  to  transfer].  Decay,  especially  mental  decay, 
insanity. 

Abanet.     See  Abnet. 

Abaptista  (ah-bap-Hs* -taK).     Same  as  Abaptiston. 

Abaptiston  (ak-bap-tis' -ton)  [d  priv. ;  fiaTCTLcroq,  im- 
mersed]. A  trephine  so  shaped  that  penetration  of  the 
brain  is  impossible. 

Abarthrosis  (ab-ar-thro1 '-sis)  [ab,  from;  arthrosis,  a 
joint].      Same  as  Diarlhrosis,  or  Abarticulation. 

Abarticular  (ab-ar-tik' '-u-lar)  [ab,  from;  articulus, 
joint].     Not  connected  with  or  situated  near  a  joint. 

Abarticulation  (ab  ar-tik-u-la' -shun)  [ab,  from;  articu- 
latio,  joint].  1.  Same  as  Diarthrosis,  a  term  more 
frequently  used;  sometimes  also  a  synonym  of  Synar- 
throsis.     2.   A  luxation  ;   the  dislocation  of  a  joint. 

Abasia  (ah-bdf-ze-ah)  [a  priv.;  jdatg,  a  step].  Motor 
incoordination  in  walking.     See  Astasia. 

Abasic  (ah-bd'-sik).  Pertaining  to,  or  affected  with, 
abasia. 

Abatement  (a-bdt'-ment)  [ab,  from;  batuere,  to  strike]. 
Mitigation  or  decrease  in  severity  of  pain,  or  of  any 
untoward  symptom  or  condition. 

2  17 


Abattoir  {ah-bat-war'  \  [It.].  A  daughter-house  or 
establishment  for  the  killing  and  dressing  of  animals. 

Abaxial  (ab-ak? -se-al)  [ab,  from;  axis,  an  axle].  Not 
situated  in  the  line  of  the  axis.  In  botany,  indicating 
that  the  embryo  is  not  in  the  axis  of  the  seed. 

Abbe  Condenser.  See  Illuminator,  Abbe.  A.  Illumi- 
nator.    See  Illuminator. 

Abbe's  Apochromatic  Lenses.  See  Apoi  hromatic 
I,  ns.  A.  Catgut  Rings,  rings  composed  of  eight 
or  ten  turns  of  heavy  catgut  in  the  shape  of  an  oval, 
with  inside  diameter  of  two  inches,  f.  >r  use  in  intesti- 
nal anastomotic. 

Abbreviate,  or  Abbreviated  iab-bre' '-ve-a-led)  [ab, 
from;  breviare,  to  shorten].     Shortened,  cut  >hort. 

Abbreviations  (abbre-ve-a'  -shunz).  See  List  of  Abbre- 
viations in  introductory  matter. 

Abdomen  (ab-dof-men  or  atf-do-men)  [abdere,  to  hide]. 
The  large  inferior  cavity  of  the  trunk,  extending  from 
the  pelvic  cavity  to  the  diaphragm,  and  bounded  in 
front  and  at  the  sides  by  the  lower  ribs  and  abdominal 
muscles,  and  behind  by  the  vertebral  column,  the  psoas 
and  quadratus  lumborum  muscles.  It  is  artificially 
divided  into  nine  regions  by  two  circular  lines,  the  upper 
parallel  with  the  cartilages  of  the  ninth  ribs,  the  lower 
with  the  iliac  crests,  and  by  two  lines  from  the  cartilages 
of  the  eighth  rib  to  the  center  of  Poupart's  ligament. 
The  regions  thus  formed  are,  above,  the  right  hypochon- 
driac, the  epigastric,  and  the  left  hypochondriac; 
secondlv,  the  right  lumbar,  umbilical,  and  left  lumbar; 
and  below,  the  right  inguinal,  the  hypogastric  and  the 
left  inguinal.  A.,  Pendulous,  a  relaxed  condition 
of  the  abdominal  walls  in  which  they  hang  down  over 
the  pubis. 

Abdominal  (ab-dom/-in-al)  [abdere,  to  hide].  Pertain- 
ing to  or  connected  with  the  alxlomen.  A.  Aneurysm. 
Aneurysm.  A.  Aorta.  See  Artery.  A.  Apo- 
neurosis. See  Aponeurosis.  A.  Brain,  the  solar 
plexus.  A.  Compress,  a  form  of  local  pack,  made 
\  forming  folds  of  a  coarse  linen  towel  of  sufficient 
breadth  to  reach  from  the  ensiform  cartilage  to  the 
pubis;  one  of  the  folds  is  then  wrung  out  of  cold 
water,  applied,  and  the  remainder  is  rolled  around  the 
body  so  as  to  retain  it  in  position.  A.  Ganglia. 
Ganglia.  A.  Gestation.  See  Pregnancy,  Extra- 
uterine. A.  Hysteria,  an  hysterical  condition  simulat- 
ing peritonitis,  in  which  the  abdomen  becomes  extremely 
painful  to  the  touch,  swollen,  and  distended  with  . 
attended  with  temporary  rise  of  temperature.  A.  Line, 
linea  alba.  A.  Muscles,  the  internal  and  external 
obli  |ues,the  transvi  1  salis,  rectus  pyramidalis,  and  quad- 
ratus lumborum.  See  .!/■<  .  Table  of.  A.  Pore,  a 
name  applied  to  the  openings  connecting  the  peritonea] 


ABDi  'MINi  '  AN  I  1  Kb  >R 


18 


Al;ii  S 


cavity  of  a  few  fishes  with    tin-    urino  genital    clo 
and   employed    in    the   outward    transportation  ol    the 
erative  products.     A.  Press.     .v>    P 


Abdominal  Regions. 

min  ■'  .  A.  Reflex.  See  Reflexes,  Table  of.  A.  Re- 
gions. 3<  Abdomen.  A.  Respiration,  R.  carried 
en  chiefly  by  the  diaphragm  and  abdominal  muscles. 
A.  Ribs,  transverse  ossifications  (dermal?)  of  the 
abdominal  wall  of  crocodiles  and  certain  other  reptiles. 
A.  Ring,  External,  a  triangular  opening  in  the  fibers 
of  the  aponeurosis  of  the  external  oblique  muscle  trans- 
mitting the  spermatic  cord  of  the  male  and  the  round 
ligament  of  the  female.  A.  Ring,  Internal,  an  oval 
aperture  in  the  fascia  transvi  rsalis  that  transmits  the 
spermatic  cord  of  the  male  and  the  round  ligament  of 
the  female.  A.  Scutella,  the  broad,  belly  scales  of 
serpents,  so  far  as  the  anus.  A.  Section.  See  Celi- 
r.  A.  Segments,  the  more  or  less  evident  trans- 
divisions  or  somites  of  the  abdomen  in  arthropods. 
A.  Typhus,  Enteric  Fever.  A.  Vertebrae,  those 
e  in  fishes,  that  give  off  ribs  or  processes  arching 
the  visceral  cavity. 

Abdomino-anterior  [ab-dom,-in-o-an-tef-re-or).    Ila\ 
ing  the  belly  forward  (used  of  the  fetus  in  utero). 

Abdomino-genital  (ab-dom/-in-o-jen/-it-al).     Relating 
be  abdomen  and  the  genitalia.     A.  Nerve,  Inferior, 
the  ilioinguinal  nerve.     A.  Nerve,  Superior,  the  ilio- 
hypogastric nerve. 

Abdomino  -  hysterectomy     [ab-dom' '-in-o-his-ler-eh' '- 
Removal  of  the  uterus  through  an  abdominal 
incision. 

Abdomino  -  hysterotomy     (ab-dom/-in-o-his-ter-ot/-o- 
Hysterotomy  through  an  abdominal  incision. 

Abdomino-posterior  [ab-dom' -in-o-pos-te/ -re-or).    Ha> 
ing   the   belly  toward    the   mother's   back  (used  of  the 

Abdomino-scrotal  [ab-domf  •in-o-skrof -tal  |.      Relating 
to  >    and   the  scrotum.     A.    Muscle,   the 

Abdomino-thoracic     [ab-dom' -in-o-tho-rasf -ik).       I' 

latii  i  and  thorax. 

Abdomino  -  uterotomy     [ab-dom' ' -in-o-u-ier-ot' '-o  me). 

my. 
Abdomino-vesical  '-ik-al).     Relating 

i"'  iri nary  bladder.     A.  Pouch,  a 

fold   of  the    peritoneum   in    which    are   comprised   the 

urachal 
Abdominoscopy       [ab-dom  [abdomen; 

•nine].     Examination  of  the  abdomen 


for  diagnostic  purposes,  b)  inspection,  palpation,  meas- 
urement, percussion,  etc. 

Abdominous  [ab-dom' -in-us)  [abdere,  to  hide].  Hav- 
ing a  large  abdomen. 

Abduce  |  [ab,  away ;  du        ,  to  lead].     To  draw 

away,  as  by  an  abductor  musi 

Abducens  [ab-duf -sews)  [L.,  "leading  away"].  A 
term  applied  to  certain  muscles,  or  then  nerves,  thai 
diaw  the  related  pan  from  the  median  line  of  the  body. 
Also,  the  M\th  pair  of  nerves  supplying  the  external 
n  i  !i  ..i  the  eye.     A.  oculi.     See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Abducent  [ab-du' -sent).     See  Abducens. 

Abduct  [ab-dukf)  [ab,  from;  ducere,  to  draw].  To  draw. 
or  cause  to  move,  awaj  from  the  median  line,  whether 
i>\  the  bod)  or  of  a  limb. 

Abduction  [ab-duk* '-shun)  [ab,  from;  ducere,  to  lead}. 
I.  The  withdrawal  of  a  part  from  the  axis  oi  the  body, 
or  oi  a  limb.  2  The  recession  or  separation  from  1 
other  of  the  parts  oi  a  fractured  bone.  3.  A.  of  the 
Eyes,  the  power  of  the  external  recti,  measured  by 
the  maximum  ability  to  preserve  singleness  of  the 
image  with  prisms  placed  bases  toward  the  nose.  It  1- 
commonly  from  i>    to  8  .     See,  also  Adduction. 

Abductor  [ab-duk' -tor).  Same  as  Abducens,  a.  v.  A. 
Auris.     See  Muscles,  Table 

Abelmoschus    [a-bel-mos'-kus)    [Ar.,    'a abb-el-mi 
grain   of  musk].     A  genus  of  malvaceous  plants.     A. 
esculentus  furnishes  tin-  esculent   known  as  gumbo,  or 
okra.     A.  moschatus  affords  Ambrette,  a.  v.,  or  musk 
seed,  formerly  used  in  medicine.      I'nof. 

Abepithymia  [ab-ep-e-thi' '-me-ah)  [ab,  from;  kiriBvuta, 
longing].  I.  A  perverted  longing,  or  desire.  2.  Pa- 
ralysis of  the  solar  plexus  (the  diaphragm  formerly  was 
regarded  as  the  seat  of  the  soul  [^17/60],  and  of  the 
di  .sires  I. 

Abernethy's  Operation.  See  Operations,  Table  of.  A. 
Sarcoma,  a  form  of  spindle-celled  vascular  sar- 
coma. 

Aberrant  (ab-er'-ant)  [ab,  from;  errare,  to  wander]. 
Deviating  from  the  normal  or  regular  type,  in  appear- 
ance, structure,  course,  etc.,  e.g.,  the  aberrant  duct  of 
the  testis  or  liver,  aberrant  arteries,  etc. 

Aberration  1  ab-er-a'  -shun  >m;  errare,to  wander]. 

Deviation  from  the  normal ;  mental  derangement;  fetal 
malformation;  vicarious  menstruation;  escape  of  the 
fluids  of  the  body  by  any  unnatural  channel.  In  optics, 
any  imperfection  of  localization  or  refraction  of  a  lens. 
A.,  Chromatic,  the  dispersion  aiding  from  unequal 
refraction  of  light  of  different  parts  of  the  spectrum.  The 
violel  rays  being  more  refrangible  than  the  led  rays,  are 
brought  to  a  focus  nearer  the  lens,  and  the  image  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  halo  of  colors.  A.,  Mental,  a  degree  of 
paranoia  that  may  or  may  not  amount  to  insanity.  A., 
Spherical,  the  cm  ess  of  refraction  of  the  peripheral 
part  of  a  convex  lens  over  the  central  area,  producing  an 
imperfect  focus  and  a  blurred  image. 

Abesamum  [ab-esr -am-um)  [I..].  Wheel-grease;  fat 
charged  with  iron;  formerly  used  as  a  remedy. 

Abevacuation  [ab-e-vak-u-a'-shun)  [ab,  from;  evacua- 
tion^. 1.  A  morbid  e\  acuation  ;  an  excessive  or  deficient 
discharge.  2.  The  passage  of  matter  from  one  organ 
Or  ca\  ity  into  another  ;    metastasis. 

Abeyance  [ab-a'-am  1  [0.1  r.,  lor  "open-mouthed  ex- 
pectation"]. A  suspension  of  activity,  or  of  function; 
a  stati  of  suspended  animation,  or  anion. 

Abi  {ah*  be).     See  Lucuma. 

Abiaba  [ah  beah'-bah).     See  Lucuma. 

Abicum  [abf-ik-um)  [  I..].  The  thyroid  cartilage.  (I  >bs., 
01   rare. ) 

Abiesu/'  nus  of  coniferous  plants,  includ- 

ing the  fir,  hemlock  and  spruce  A.  balsamea,  Silver 
Fir,  balsam  Fir,  or    I'.alm  of  <  lilead,  a  tree  of  the  nat. 


ABIETENE 


)<J 


AB0R1  [CIDE 


ord.  Conifera,  from  which  is  derived  the  Terebintbina 
Canadensis.  A  canadensis,  Hemlock  Spruce.  Bark 
of  the  Canadian  Fir-tree.  Used  as  an  astringent  in 
various  loi  al  and  internal  conditions  \  ields  Pix  <  ana- 
densis.  ./.  excelsa,  Norway  Spruce.  Yields  Pix 
Burgundica.  ./.  pectinata,  the  European  Silver  Fir. 
Its  buds  arc  resinous,  balsamic,  and  sudorific.  (Jnof. 
A.  Preparations,  Ex  tract  um  Abietis  Canadensis 
Liquidum  (B.  P.).  Dose  n\,xv— lx.  Glycerinum  Abietis 
|  B.  P.  |.  1  >ose  3  j  -ij.  Geddes's  F  luid-Extrai  tof  1  [em 
lock  li.irk.     I  )ose  it^v— x. 

Abietene  (a-bi' '-et-in),  <-'7II|,;.  A  hydrocarbon,  obtained 
from  the  /'inns  sabiniana,  a  Californian  nut  pine.  It  is 
an  aromatii  .volatile  liquid,  agreeing  in  composition  with 
normal  heptane  It  is  extensively  used  as  a  popular 
remedy;  called,  also,  Erasene.     (Jnof. 

Abietic  \ab-i-et'-ik\,  Abietinic  [ab-i-et-inf-ik)  [Abies]. 
Pertaining  to  the  genus  -  /  ies,  as  Abietic  Acid,  (  ',,1  I, ,'  c 
or  (.'.,„  11  ;„'  '.„  discovered  by  Maly  in  the  resin  oi  Abies 
excelsa  and  Larix  europea. 

Abietin  {a-bi' -et-in)  [Abies'].      A  resinous  principle  ob 
tained  from  the  turpentine  of  various   species  of  pine 
and    tir.       A.    Anhydrid,    CuH6204,    the    main    con- 
.--tituent  of  Resin,  </.  z 

Abietis  Resina  {a-bi'-et-is  res-i'-nah).  The  resin  of 
the  tir  or  pine. 

Abietite  [ab'-i-et-tt),  C6H8Os.  A  sugar  resembling 
mannite,  found  by  Rochleder  in  the  needles  of  the 
European  Silver  Fir,  Abies  pectinata. 

Abiogenesis  {ab-i-o jen'-es-is)  [a  priv.;  0i6c,  life,  and 
vests].  The  (theoretical)  production  of  living  by 
non-living  matter.  The  older  term  was  Spontaneous 
tie  iteration.  Other  synonyms  of  the  word  are  Generatio 
aquivoca,  Generatio  primaria,  Arckigenesis,  Arche- 
biosis,  etc.  The  theory  has  been  supported  by  Pouchet, 
Haeckel,  Huxley,  Bastian,  and  others.  Those  opposed 
to  the  doctrine  are  called  panspermias  or  heterogenists. 
The  dispute  is  one  of  the  most  fundamental  in  biology. 

Abiological  [ah-bi-o-lojf -ik-al)  [a  priv. ;  fiioc,  life; 
Myog,  treatise].     Not  pertaining  to  biology. 

Abirritant  {ab-ir1 '-it-ant  i  [ab,  from  ;  irritare,  to  irritate]. 
I.  Tending  to  diminish  irritation;  soothing.  2.  Re- 
lating to  diminished  sensitiveness.  3.  A  remedy  or 
agent  that  allays  irritation. 

Abirritation  {ab-ir-it-a'-shun)  [ab,  from;  irritare.  to 
irritate].  Diminished  tissue-irritability;  atony  or  as- 
thenia. 

Abirritative  {ab-ir' '-it-a-tiv)  [ab,  from  ;  irritare,  to  irri- 
tate].     Due  to,  or  characterized  by,  atony. 

Abitus  (ab'-it-us)  [ab,  from,  away;  ire,  to  go].  In 
comparative  anatomy,  any  one  of  the  narrow  canals 
leading  from  a  ciliated  chamber  to  the  excurrent 
canal,  as  in  the  higher  forms  of  sponges. 

Abjoint  {ab-joint')  [ab/ungere,  to  separate].  Tn  biology, 
to  separate  by  means  of  a  joint  or  septum. 

Abjunction  {ab-jungk' '-shun)[see  Abjoint].  Tn  biology, 
the  separation  by  means  of  a  joint  or  septum,  as  of 
spores  from  a  growing  hypha  in  some  fungi. 

Ablactation  {ab-lak-ta' '-shun)  [ab,  from;  lactare,  to 
give  suck].  'The  end  of  the  suckling  period.  'The 
weaning  of  a  child. 

Ablastemic  [ah-blas-tevt' '-ik)  [n  priv.  ;  i/nrrrr/ua,  a 
shoot].  In  biology,  non-germinal  ;  in  no  way  related 
to  germination. 

Ablastous  {ah-blas' '-tus)  [a  Ifaurrog,  not  budding,  ster- 
ile].     In  biology,  producing  no  germs  or  buds. 

Ablation  {ab-laf -shun)  [ablatio,  removal] .  Removal  of 
a  part  of  the  body,  as  a  tumor,  by  amputation,  exci- 
sion, etc. 

Ablatio  retinae  (ab-la'-she-o  ret-in' -e).  Detachment 
of  the  retina. 

Ablator  (ab-la'-tor)    [L.,  "  remover "].      A   cutting  in- 


strument used  in  the  removal  of  pans    (a  name  chieily 
used  in  veterinary  surgery). 

Ablepharia  [ah  blef-ar*  e-a/'i)  [it  priv.; 
lid  J.     The  ■  ondition  of  the  absence  of  the 

Ablepharon  {ah-blef '-at  on)  [it  priv.;  YAi<paftov,  the 
eyelid].     '  'ongenital  ab  the  1  yeli 

Ablepharous   {ah-blef -ar-u  )    [d   priv.;  ,  the 

eyelid  |  -     I  laving  no  eyelids. 

Ablepsia     [ah-bl     '  .    without    sight]. 

1.    Blindness.     2.   Dulness  of  perception. 

Ablepsy  [ah-ble/Z-se).      .-■  bsia. 

Abloom  {a-bloomf).  In  biology,  the  state  of  being  in 
blossom. 

Abluent  .  to  wash  away].      I  • 

it.     'That  which  cleanses  or  washes  away. 

Ablution  {ab-lu' -shun)  [abluere,  to  wash  away].  Wash- 
ing or  cleansing  the  bods.  Separation  of  chemical 
impurities  by  washing. 

Abmortal  {ab-mor' -tal)  [ab,  from;  mors,  death] .     Pass 
ing  from  dead  or  dying   to   living  muscular  liber  fi 
1  i  electric  cui  rent-- 1 . 

Abnerval  {ab-ner/ -val)  [ab.  from;  nervus,  a  sinew]. 
Passing  from  a  nerve  (used  of  electric  currents  in  mus- 
cular liber) . 

Abnet  {abf-net)  [Hebr.,  a  girdle].  A  girdle,  or  girdle- 
shaped  bandage. 

Abneural  {ab-nu'-ral)  [ab,  from  :  ,nerve].     Per- 

taining   to  a    part    remote    from   the   neural  or  dorsal 
aspect  ;    ventral. 

Abnormal  {tib-n  '  tal)  [ab,  away  from;  norma,  a 
law].  Not  normal ;  not  conformable  with  nature  or 
with  the  genera]  rule.  A.  Pigmentation,  any  excess, 
deficiency,  or  uncommon  distribution  of  the  natural  pig- 
ment cells  in  the  rete  mucosum.  Sometime,  caused  arti 
ticially  either  by  mechanical  means,  such  a- tattooing, 
or  by  thereduction  and  deposition  under  the  epidermis 
of  metallic  salts  administered  as  medicine. such  as  nitrate 
of  silver. 

Abnormalism  {ab-nor* '-mal-izm)  [ab,  away  from  ; 
ma,  a  law].   1.  Abnormality.   2.  An  abnormal  thing  or 
structure. 

Abnormality  {ab-nor-mal'-it-e)  [ab,  away  from  ;  norma, 
a  law].  The  quality  of  being  abnormal;  a  deformity 
or  malformation. 

Abnormity  {ab-nor' -mit-e).      Same  as  Abnormality. 

Aboiement  \ah-bwah-mong/)  [Fr.].  Harking;  the  in- 
voluntary utterance  of  barking  sounds. 

Abolition  1  ib-o-lish' ' -un)[abolitio].  Destruction;  cessa- 
tion ;   suspension,  as  of  a  physiological  function. 

Abomasum (ab-, >- rna' -sunt)  [a£,away;  o/nasum, paunch]. 
In  biology,  the  reed  or  proper  digestive  stomach  of 
ruminating  mammals.  It  is  pyriform,  lined  by  smooth 
mucous  membrane,  which  secretes  gastric  juice.  Also 
called  "fourth,"  or  "true."  stomach;  dried,  it  is 
called  rennet  and  used  for  coagulating  milk. 

Aborad  [ab-o'-rad)  [ab,  away  from:  os,  mouth]. 
Away  from  the  mouth;  in  an  aboral  situation  or 
direction. 

Aboral  (ab-o'-ral)  [ab,  away  from;  os,  mouth].  Op- 
posite to,  or  remote  from,  the  mouth. 

Aborally  (ab-o'-rai-e)  [ab,  away  from;  os,  mouth].  In 
an  aboral  situation,  direction,  or  manner. 

Aborigines  {ab-or-ij'-in-ez)  [ab,  from;  origo  {origin), 
origin,  beginning].  Primitive,  autochthonous,  native, 
indigenous. 

Abort  {ab-orf)  [abortare,  to  miscarry].  1.  To  mis- 
carry; to  expel  the  fetus  before  it  is  viable.  2.  To 
prevent  the  full  development,  as  of  a  disease.  3.  To 
come  short  of  full  development.  4.  An  abortion  ;  an 
aborted  fetus. 

Aborticide  {ab-or*' -tis-id)  [abortus,  a  miscarriage;  e,e- 
dere,  to  kill].       1.    The  killing  of   the  unborn  fetus 


R  I  I«   ll»Il  M 


20 


VBSl   I  SS 


2  m~  ni    killing  the  fetus.     3.  Causing   the 

destruction  of  a  fetus. 

AborticiJium  km)    [..•  1    miscar- 

1  kill].     Means  of  killing  a  fetus. 
Aborticnt  1  .    miscarrying]. 

ibortifac  > 
Abortifacient  .  to 

make].     1  abortion.     2.   A   drug   or  agent 

inducing  of    the    fetus.      Ergot,    rue, 

italis,  are  examples.     Thej  act  by 
causing  uterine  conti  -  and  .     iolic. 

Abortion  .  a  miscarriage].    The 

mature  expulsion   of  the  ovum  before  the  child  is 
viable,  that  ring  any  time  before  the  end  of  the 

sixth  month.     It  ma)  be  produced  bj  various  general 
dis  syphilis,  the  acute  fevers,  nephritis,  most 

.   by  traumatism,  reflex  influences, 
emotional  disturbances  ;  by  the  action  oi  various  poisons, 
-.  rue.  and  savin;  by  diseased  con- 
ditions of  the  uterus  and  displacements  of  that  organ  ;  or 
|i\  of  the  fetus,  its  membranes,  or  the  placenta. 

The  most  important    symptoms  arc   hemorrhage   and 
pain,  with  tiual  expulsion  of  the  uterine  contents.      In 
the  first  two  months  of  pregnancy  the  ovum  is  usually 
i  entire  ;   later  the  membranes  and  placenta  are 
ined  after  the  fetus  comes  away,  and  must  be  re- 
ady.    By  some  authors  expulsion  of 
the  ovum  during  the   first   three  months   is  abortion; 
from  this   time   to  viability  it    is  termed  immature  </.  - 
.  and  from  the  period  of  viability 
dial   of  maturity,  premature  delivery.     A.,  Arti- 
ficial, that    produced  intentionally.      A.,    Criminal, 
when    not    demanded    for  therapeutic    reasons.       A., 
Embryonic,  up   to   the   fourth  month.      A.,    Exter- 
nal   Causes    of,  those  acting   from  without,  as  vio- 
lence,    pressure,    injections,  etc.      A.,  Fetal,   taking 
place  subsequent  to  the  fourth  month.     A.,  Habitual. 
:ated  A.  in  successive  pregnancies.     A..  Incom- 
plete, when  the  membranes  or  placenta  are  retained. 
A..  Inevitable,  when  the   embryo    or  fetus    is    d 
or  when  there  is  an  extensive  detachment  or  rupture  of 
the  ovum.      A.,  Internal   Causes    of,  those    due    to 
abnormal    conditions  or   diseases  of  the   mother.     A., 
Missed,  the  death  of  the  fetus  and  not  followed  within 
two  weeks  by  its  expulsion.     A.,  Ovular,  that  occur- 
ring during  the  first  three  weeks  after  conception.    A., 
Paternal    and    Maternal    Causes   of,  thus,    due    to 
diseases  of  the  father  or  of  the  mother  respectively.   A., 
Spontaneous,  that  not  induced  by  artificial  means. 
Abortionist  (iib-n'-  shun-ist)   [abortus,  a  miscarriage]. 
line   who  criminally    produces    abortions;     especially 
one  who  follows  the  business  of  producing  abortions. 
Abortive  '  !         [,//>  rtus,    a    miscarriage].      Pre- 

maturely  born;    coming   to    an   untimely  end  ;    incom- 
d;   cutting  short  the  of  a  dis- 

ease; abortifacient.     A.  Epilepsy.     See  Epilepsy. 
Abortus  '   .-.'     [!-•]■     An  aborted  fetus;  the  fruit 

of  an  abortion. 
Aboulia  '  le-ah).     See  Abulia. 

Aboulomania  ,  C  n    ah).     See  Abulomania. 

Ab  ovo    [ab    </-vd)    ['■•]•      'n  biology,  from  the  egg; 

from  the  beginning. 
Abrachia    [ah-bra/-he-a/i)    [a    priv. ;    dpax't-wv,   arm]. 
The    condition  of  an   armless  monster.     In   biology, 
without  anterior  limbs 
Abrachiocephalia    (ah-bra-ke-o-sef-a' '-le-ah)   [d    priv.  : 
.  arm  ;  Absence  ol   bead  and 

arms  from  a  fetus. 
Abrachius  [ah-bra'-ke-us).     A   monster  without  arms. 

Abrade   (a-brdii')    [  to  rub  off].      To  remove 

by  !  r  dialing;  to  roughen  by  friction. 


Abranchia  {ah-brang'-ke-ah)  \_a  priv.  ;  Qp&)  \ia,  gills]. 
In  biology,  a  name  given  to  several  different  groups 

of  animals  that  have  no  i;ills. 
Abrasio  (.//'■      '  ['•■]•     An  abrasion.     A.  corneae, 

native    removal    of  the    epithelium  of  the    cornea 

because  ol    dis<  ased  conditions. 

Abrasion   (ab-ra'-zhun)  \  •   ab,  priv.;   radere,  to 

rub].  Excoriation  oi  the  cutaneous  or  mucous  surface 
bj  mechanical  means.  In  dentistry,  the  wearing  away 
of  the  dentine  and  enamel,  or  the  cutting  edges  of 
the  teeth,  whether  b\   inei  hanical  or  chemical  means. 

Abrasor  (ab-ra'-zor)  [I.,  "abrader"].  A  surgeon's 
rasp  or  xyster;  any  file  or  instrument  used  in  the 
surgical  or  dental  abrasion  of  a  surface;  also,  a  rasp 
used  m  pharmacy. 

Abric  Acid  (af-brik  as/-id).     See    / 

Abrin  [a'-brin).  I.  The  chemical  ferment  or  poisonous 
principle  of  jequirity,  erroneouslj  supposed  to  be  due 
to  a  specific  microbe.  See  Bacillus  of  jequirity  oph- 
thalmia in  Table  of  Bacteria.  -'.  A  vegetable  albu- 
minoid employed  in  the  stud)  of  immunity. 

Abroma  [ah-brof -mah)   [a  priv.;  .  a  stink].     A 

genus  of  sterculiaceous  trees.  A.  augusta,  of  s.  Asia, 
affords  a  milky  juice,  esteemed  in  dysmenorrhea.    I'nof. 

Abrotanum    {ab-rot'-an-um)    [afjpdrovov,    an    aromatic 
plant].      The  plant  called  Southern  Wood,  Artemisia 
tanum.     See  Artemisia. 

Abrupt  (ab-ruptf)  \_abruptus,  broken  oil].  In  biology, 
terminating  suddenly;  truncated. 

Abruption  [ab-rup '-shun)  [abruptio,  from  ab,  and  rum- 
/  re,  to  break].  I.  A  rupture  or  tearing  asunder. 
2.  A  transverse  fracture. 

Abrus    (a'-brus)    [d/3p<Sc,   pretty].       Jequirity;     Indian 
Licorice.     The  seeds  of  A .  precatorius,  or  Wild  Licor 
ice.     Properties  are  thought  to  be  due  to  the  presi 
of  certain  ferments.      Nun  sterilized   infusions  applied 
to  the  conjunctiva   or  to   any   mucous   surface   induct 
violent  purulent  inflammation  with  growth  of  false  m<  m 
brane.      It  is  used  in  producing  artificial  conjunctivitis. 
A.   Infusum  :   semina  iij,  aqua  dest.  ,^ss.     Mai' 
and   add    aq.   ^ss.     All    unofficial.     Abri     Liquor, 
strength   12  per   cent.  ;    dilute   with   3   to  5    times    its 
bulk  of  water  and  apply  2  drops  daily.     Abri  Pasta, 
1  in  4  ;   used  with  caution  in  affections  of  the  skin. 

Abscess  [ab'-  a)  [abscessus,  a  departure  or  separation 
— of  th'  matter].  A  pus-formation  within  some 
cavity  of  the  body,  the  result  of  localized  inflammation. 
According  to  location,  al>Mc~s,-  are  named  Dorsal, 
Iliac,  Mammary.  Ischio-rectal,  Peri-typhliti  .  Retro- 
pharyngeal, ( 'rethral,  etc.  A.,  Alveolar,  abscess  in  the 
gum  or  alveolus.  A,  Atheromatous.  See  Endarter- 
,  Chronic.  A.  of  Brain,  due  to  local  injury,  or 
to  suppurative  inflammation  near  or  distant,  such, 
pecially,  as  disea  •  "I  the  ear.  The  symptoms  are 
those  ot  pressure,  impaired  function  oi  the  part  affected, 
meningitis,  headache,  optic  neuritis,  etc.  A.,  Bursal, 
abscess  in  the  bursse,  the  most  frequent  being  in  the 
bursas  patellae,  commonly  called  Housemaid's  Knee. 
A.,  Canalicular,  mammary  absi  ess  that  communicates 
with  a  milk  duct.  A.,  Caseous,  one  that  contains 
cheesy  materials.      A..  Chronic,  or   Cold  .  one 

of  slow  and  apparentlj  non-inflammatorj  developmi  nt, 
usually  about  a  bone,  joint,  or  gland.  A.,  Cold.  See 
./.,  Chronic.  A.,  Congestive,  the  pus  appears  at  a 
point  distant  from  where  n  i-  formed.  A  ,  Constitu- 
tional, due  to  -nine  systemic  disorder.  A..  Critical, 
occurring  at  some  critical  period  oi  an  acute  disease. 
A.,  Embolic,  formed  in  tin-  i  Lit  ol  an  i  mbolism.  A., 
Fecal,  one  developing  in  the  rectum  or  large  intestine. 
A.,  Gangrenous,  one  attended  with  death  of  adjao  nt 
parts.  A.,  Lacunar,  one  in  the  lacunae  of  the  urethra. 
A.,    Metastatic.     See    Pyemia.      A.,    Miliary.     See 


ABSCESSK  IN 


21 


ABS  I  I:  \<-  I  K  )\ 


Pyemia.  A  ,  Milk,  or  A  ,  Mammary,  one  in  the 
female  breast.  A.,  Multiple.  See  Py  mia.  A., 
Ossifluent.     Si  'unit.     A.,  Perforating,  one 

perforating  tin-  cornea,  the" lung,  or  other  containing 
wall.     A.,  Phlegmonous,  an  acute  A.     A.,  Point- 
ing of,  the   point   where   tin-   abscess   tends  to  break 
through  its  externa]   confining  wall.     A.,  Psoas, 
arising   from  disease   of  the   lumbar,  or  lower  do 
vertebrae,  the  pus  descending  in  the  -heath  of  the  psoas 
muscle,  and   usually  pointing  beneath   Poupart's  liga- 
ment.    A.,  Pyemic.      See   Pyemia.     A.,  Residual, 
about  the  products  of -nine  old  result  of  inflamma! 
A.  Root,  the  root  of  Polemonium  Reptans.    Alterative, 
astringent  and  expectorant.       Dose  of  ild.  ex.  3  ss  ij. 
Unof.   A.,  Shirt  Stud,  retro-mammary  abs<  1  ss  cucur- 
rent  with  a    subintegumentary  abscess,   the  two  sacs 
communicating   by  means  of  a  sinus.     A.,  Stercora- 
ceous.     See     A   ,1  '      I.       A.,     Symptomatic, 
indicative  of  some  other  affection.     A.,  Thecal,  in  the 
sheath-    of   tendon-.      A.,    Tropical,    acute    hepatitis 
terminating  in  suppuration  and  abscess  formation.    A., 
Tubercular.     Same  as  A.,  Co.' J. 

Abscession  (absesh'-nii)  [abscessio, 'departure] .      1.  An 
.abscess;  a  critical  discharge.     2.   Metastasis. 

Abscissae  [absis'se)  \_<i/>,  away;  scindere,  to  cut]. 
The  transverse  lines  cutting  vertical  ones  at  riijht 
angles,  to  show  by  a  diagram  the  relations  of  two 
series  of  facts,  as,  e.  'r.,  the  number  of  pulse-beats,  or 
the  temperature  record  in  given  periods  of  time. 

Abscission  (absish'-un)  [ab,  from;  scindere,  to  cut]. 
Removal  of  a  part,  a-  the  prepuce,  or  a  fractured  bone, 
by  cutting.  Applied  particularly  to  a  surgical  opera- 
tion upon  a  staphylomatous  cornea,  in  which  the 
bulging  portion  is  excised,  the  parts  brought  together 
so  that  the  posterior  and  chief  part  of  the  globe  forms 
a  "stump'"  for  an  artificial  .eye.  In  biology,  a  term 
applied  to  that  mode  of  detachment  of  spores  in  fungi 
which  consists  in  the  disorganization  of  the  zone  con- 
necting the  spores  with  the  hypha. 

Absconsio  {abskon'se-o)  [abscon.L're,  to  hide].  A 
sinus  or  cavity  whether  normal  or  pathological. 

Absence  (of  mind)  (ab'sens)  [absentia,  absence]. 
Inattention  to  surroundings;  in  marked  instances  it 
may  be  a  result  of  central  lesions.  It  is  often  seen  in 
epileptics  and  melancholiacs. 

Absentia  epileptica  {ab-sen' 'she-ah  ep-il-ep'-tik-ah). 
Brief  losses  of  consciousness  occurring  in  the  mild 
form  of  epilepsy. 

Absinthe  (ab'sinth  or  absanf).     See  Absinthium. 

Absinthin  [ab-sin' '-thin)  [absinthium].  A  bitter  and 
crvstalline  principle  obtainable  from  wormwood.  See 
Absinthium. 

Absinthism  {absinth' '-izm).  A  disease  similar  toalco- 
holism,  thi'  result  of  the  excessive  use  of  absinthe.  It 
is  characterized  by  general  muscular  debility  and  men- 
tal disturbances,  which  may  proceed  to  convulsi 
acute  mania,  general  softening  of  the  brain,  or  general 
paralysis. 

Absinthium  {absinth' -e-um)  [L.].  Wormwood.  The 
leaves  and  tops  of  Artemisia  absinthium.  Contains  a 
volatile  oil  and  an  intensely  bitter  principle,  Absint kin, 
'  \i' '■><'».  which  is  a  narcotic  poison.  A.  increases 
cardiac  action,  produces  tremor  and  epileptiform  con- 
vulsions. Dose  gr.  xx-xl,  in  infusion.  Used  as  a 
stomachic  tonic.  Absinthe,  a  French  liquor,  is  an 
alcoholic  solution  of  the  oil  exhibited  with  oils  of 
anise,  marjoram,  and  other  aromatic  oils. 

Absinthol  {absinth' -ol),  C10Hlg<  >.  The  principal  con- 
stituent of  oil  of  wormwood  ;  it  is  isomeric  with  ordin- 
ary camphor. 

Absolute  Alcohol  (ab'so-lut  alJ '-ho-hol) .     See  Alcohol. 

Absorb  [absorb'')    tab.  from;  sorbere,  to  suck  up].     In 


physiology,  to    suck  up  or  imbibe,  as  the  imbibition 

performed  by  the  lacteal-  in  tin-  body. 

Absorbent   {absor'-b  >r  \  [a  .   to  suck  in].      In 

physiology,  an  organ  or  part  that  absorbs,  withdraws, 
or  takes  up.  A  term  applied  to  the  Lad 
I  mphatic  ,  q.  v.  I  a  materia  medii  a.  a  drug  or  medi- 
cine that  produces  absorption  or  exudation  of 
diseased  tissue.  In  surgery,  a  substance  that 
mechanically  takes  up  <  t.  Cotton, 

A.  Spon  A.   Glands.      See   Lymphatics.     A. 

System,    the    lacteals    and     lymphatic-,    with    their 
>ociated  glands. 

Absorptiometer     (  absorp-te-omf-et-er  1      [al 

in  ter\.  A  device  for  measuring  the  thickness  of  the 
layer  of  liquid  that  i-  taken  up  between  two  glass 
plates  by  capillary  attraction.  Used  in  conjunction 
with  a  spectro-photometer,  itserves  a-  a  hema 

Absorption    {absorp' shun)    [  -uck    in]. 

The  permeation  or  imbibition  of  one  body  by  another. 
The  process  whereby  nourishment,  medii  ines,  morbid 
products  of  ti.--ue  metamorphosis,  etc.,  are  taken  up  by 
the  lymphatic  and  venous  systems.  In  ophthalmology 
the  process  by  which  the  lens  i-  disintegrated  and 
carried  oil  after  the  capsule  lias  been  ruptured.  A. 
Lines  or  Bands,  the  lines  of  the  spectrum,  called 
hraunhofer's  line, ;   they  are  dark  lini  I  by  the 

arrestation  or  absorption  of  the  ethereal  waves  of 
certain  lengths  and  rapidities,  mainly  by  vapor-  of  the 
sun's  atmosphere.  A.  of  Composition,  or  External 
Absorption,  the  taking  up  of  material  by  the  -kin  or 
mucous  surfaces.  A.,  Cutaneous,  absorption  by  the 
skin.  A.,  Disjunctive,  the  removal  of  living  tissue 
around  a  necrosed  mass,  and  its  consequent  separation 
from  its  surroundings.  A.,  Interstitial,  the  removal 
by  the  absorbent  system  of  effete  matter-.  A.  Method, 
to  determine  whether  or  not  hematuria  i-  due  to  lesion  of 
the  bladder.  It  i-  based  on  the  fact  that  the  undenuded 
surface  of  the  bladder  will  not  absorb  foreign  sub- 
stances, fifteen  grains  of  potassium  iodid  are  inje 
into  the  bladder,  and  fifteen  minutes  later  the  saliva  i- 
examined  for  iodin.  If  found,  it  is  an  indication  of 
an  unhealthy  state  of  the  bladder.  A.,  Progressive, 
atrophy  of  a  part  due  to  pressure.  A.,  Pulmonary, 
the  taking  up  of  oxygen,  or  of  vapors  (as  of  ether), 
by  the  lungs.     A.,  Venous,  absorption  by  the  vein-. 

Absorptive  (absorp' '-tiv)  [absorbere,  to  suck  in]. 
Having  the  power  or  function  of  absorbing. 

Absorptivity  {absorp-tii/ -i-te)  [absorb  r  ,  to  suck  in]. 
The  power  or  quality  of  being  absorbent. 

Abstemiousness  '-me-us-nes)  [abs,  from  ;    tethe- 

tum,  wine].  Ab.-tinence  from  wine.  Temperance 
or  moderation  in  matters  of  diet 

Abstention  {absten'sh mi)  [abstentio,  retention].  An 
act  of  abstinence,  or  of  abstaining  ;  retention  ;  consti- 
pation. 

Abstergent  (ab-st  r'-jnit)  [abs,  from;  tergere,  to 
cleanse].     Cleansing  S        I  nt. 

Abstersive  {ab-  /://].     Abstergent. 

Abstinence  {ab'stin-ens)  [abs,  from  ;  ,  to  hold  or 

keep].      Privation    or    .-elf-denial    in    regard  to    f 
liquors,  etc.     See  Fastin 

Abstract  {ab'strakt)   [n  .  to  draw  away; 

stractum;  .  tracti :  pi.,  Abstracta~\.     In  phar- 

macy, a  solid  preparation  in  which  two  parts  of  the 
drug  are  represented  by  one  part  of  the  abstract 
(which  is  compounded  with  milk-sugar).  Ab- 
stracts are  double  the  strength  of  fluid  extracts. 
They  are  permanent,  but  should  be  kept  in  a  cool 
place. 

Abstraction     {abstrak' shun)    [abstractio,    a    drawing 
away].      Blood-letting.      Also,  attention   to   one   i 
to  the  exclu-ion  of  others.      Generalization  or  classi- 


ABS1  RACT1  1'1'H  S 


A<  AX  I  Hol'LlA  IS 


fication  of  the  qualities  common  to  the  individuals  of 
a  group.     In  pharmacy,  the  process  of  distillation. 

Abstractitious  {ab-strak  ..       \c         xhere,  to  draw 

away].  Susceptible  of  being  abstracted  without 
change  from  another  substance;  derived  or* derivable 
by  abstraction. 

Abstractum  [ab-strak' -turn)  [//.,  Abstracta],  An 
abstract 

Abstriction    {ab-strik' -shun)    [<//-,   from;    stringere,  to 
Mini].     Spore  formation  in  lower  cryptogams  charac 
terized  by  decided  constriction  of  tin-  walls  at  tin-  place 
of  division. 

Absus  us)  [L.J.     The  plant  Cassia  abstts  ol  India 

and    Egypt.     It-  seeds  an-  locally  employed    in  the 
Ltment  of  ophthalmia,  ami  air  regarded  as  depura- 
tive.     Unof. 

Abterminal  in-al)  [ab,  from;  terminus,  end]. 

Passing  from  tendinous  into  muscular  tissue  (used  of 
electric  currents 

Abulia  {ah-bu  [d  priv.;  pm//,,  will].     Loss  or 

!Ct  of  will  power. 

Abulic  {ah-bu* -lilt).  Characterized  by  or  affected  with 
abulia;   of  defective  will-power. 

Abulomania  {ah-bu-lo-rna'-ne-ah)  [d  priv.;  fior'/r,, 
will;  uavia,  madness].  A  disease  of  the  mind  charac- 
terized by  imperfect  or  lost  will-power. 

Abumbrella  {ab-um-brel' -ah)  \_ab,  from;  umbrella,  the 
di-c  of  acalephs].  In  biology,  a  term  applied  to 
the  surface  of  the  velum,  it  being  turned  away  from 
the  disc,  in  medusae.     <  Opposite  of  Adumbrella. 

Abuta  {ah-boo' -taK)  [I-.].  A  genus  of  menispermaceous 
plants.  A.  amara,  affords  false  pareira  brava,  and 
./.  rufescens  is  the  so-called  white  pareira  brava. 
Both  are  S.  American.     Unof. 

Abutilon  (a-bu'-til-on)  [L.].  A  genus  of  malvaceous 
plants.  A.  avicenntz,  common  in  the  U.  S.  (velvet- 
leaf  Indian  mallow  | ;  is  demulcent,  and  is  a  safe  remedy 
fi  r  diarrhea.    Unof. 

Abvacuation  {ab-vak-u-a'-shun).  Same  as  Abevacua- 
tion,  q.  v. 

Abysmal    {ah-biz'-mal)    \abyssus,   abysm].      Fathom- 
Pertaining  to  great  depths  in  the  ocean.     See 
ssal. 

Abyssal  {ah-bis'-al)  [aflvaooq,  without  bottom].  In 
biology,  ]'  t  rs  to  plants  and  animals  inhabiting  the 
depths  of  the  ocean  between  loo  and  IOOO  fathoms. 
A.  Theory  of  Light,  an  hypothesis  assuming  the  im- 
portance of  phosphorescence  and  of  luminous  organs  in 
fishes  and  other  animals  in  depths  of  the  ocean  where 
no  sunlight  penetrates. 

Acacia  i  ah-ka'-she-ak)  [L. ;  Gr.,  (mania].  I.  A  large 
genus  of  leguminous  tree  ,  shrubs,  and  herbs,  many  of 
them  Australian  or  African.  Many  of  the  species  are 
medicinal,  and  some  are  poisonous.  The  bark  is  usually 
verv  astringent,  (nun  arabic  is  produced  by  various 
either  African  or  Asiatic.  2.  A. 
anthelmintica.  Mussanin.        A.     catechu. 

'  ■/.  A.  lebbek,  A.  nilotica,  A.  I 
and  A.  verek,  are  among  the  species  that  furnish 
gum  arabic.  3.  Gum  Arabic.  A  nearly  white  trans- 
parent gum  exuding  from  Acacia  Senegal.  Soluble  in 
water.  Used  in  the  manufacture  of  mucilage.  Contains 
.  Irabin, I  .1 1  , ,'  >,, .  identical  in  composition  with  cane- 
sugar.  A.,  Mucilage,  acacia  34,  water  100  parts; 
ompatible  with  alcoholic  tinctures.  A.,  Syrup, 
mucilage  25,  syrup,  simp.  75.  Used  in  various 
mixtures  as  a  demulcent  and  to  suspend  insoluble 
powi 

Acajou  ('// 

Acaleph  {ak'-al-ef)  [iimi/ fjfrj,  a  nettle,  a  sea-nettle]. 
In  biology,  one  of  the  acalephie,  or  sea-nettles  ;  a 
medusa,  a  sea-blubber. 


Acalephoid  {ak-al-ef-oid)  [wm;>/,u//,  a  nettle,  a  sea 
nettle].     Resembling  an  acaleph. 

Acalycal  {ah-kal' '-ik-al)   [<i  priv.;    ro&vf,  calyx].     In 
biology,  used   to  describe  stamens  inserted  upon  the 
ptacle,  not  adherent  to  the  calyx. 

Acalycine  {ah-kal' -is-in)  [a  priv.  ;  mi/ /-,  calyx].  In 
biology,  lacking  a  calyx,  acalycinous, 

Acalyculate  {ah-kal-ik'-u-lSt  1  [n  priv.  ;  caly cuius,  a 
calycle].  In  biology,  having  no  calycle,  or  accessory 
calyx. 

Acalypha  {ah-kal' '-if-ah)  [anaXvyfje,  unveiled].  A 
genus  of  euphorbiaceous  plants.  A.,  Ext.,  Liq. 
1  >ose  n\  x-~j.  A.  fruticosa,  of  India,  is  useful  in 
dyspepsia  and  diarrhea,  and  is  tonic  and  alterant.  A. 
hispida  has  similar  uses  ./.  indica,  a  euphorbia- 
ceous plant,  common  in  India.  The  leaves  are  expec- 
torant, emetic,  laxative.  A.  Succus.  I  lose  for  an 
infant  !jj.  Unof.  A.  virginica,  of  North  America, 
is  diuretic  and  expectorant. 

Acamathesia  {ak-am-ath-e' -ze-ali)  \aiutu60qcu;'].  Same 
as  Akatatnathesia. 

Acamathesis  {ak-am-ath-e'-sis)  \aKapa8riaic~\.  Same  as 
Akatamathesia. 

Acampsia  {ah-kamp'-se-ah)  [<i  priv.;  K&fiirreiv,  to 
bend].     Inflexibility  of  a  limb. 

Acanaceous  {ak-an-a' -se-us)  [d/iavoc,  a  prickly  shrub]. 
In  biology,  beset  with  prickles,  as  the  edges  of  some 
leaves. 

Acantha  {ak-an'-thah)  [anavfla,  a  thorn].  In  botany, 
a  thorn  or  prickle  ;  in  zoology,  a  spine  or  fin  ray  ;  in 
anatomy,  a  vertebral  process. 

Acanthaesthesia  {ak-anth-es-the'-ze-ah).  See  Akan- 
thesthesia . 

Acanthia  lectularia  {ak-an' -the-ah  lek-chu-la'-re-ah) 
[L.].      The  common  bedbug. 

Acanthial  {ak-an' -the-al)  \incavdiov,  a  little  thorn]. 
Pertaining  to  the  acanthion. 

Acanthichthyosis  {ak-anth-ik-the-o' -sis)  [anavduw,  a 
little  thorn;   Jjftcc.  a  fish].      Ichthyosis  spinosa,  </.  v. 

Acanthion  {ak-an' -the-on)  \anavdujw,  a  little  thorn]. 
See  Craniometrical  Points. 

Acanthocarpous  (ak-anth-o-kar'-pus)  [bxavda,  a  thorn; 
Ka()77or,  fruit].      In  biology,  spiny-fruited. 

Acanthocephala  {ak-an-tho-sef -al-ah)  [duavda,  spine; 
Kt6a'/i'i.  head] .  An  order  of  parasitic  worms,  character 
ized  by  a  thorny  armature  of  the  head  and  proboscis. 
They  are  generally  grouped  in  one  genus,  Echinor- 
rhynchys.  They  infest  pigs,  birds,  and  fishes,  and  in 
their  larval  stage  live  in  crustacean-. 

Acanthocephalous  {ak-anth-o-sef '-al-us)  \amvda,  a 
spine;  khwi?//,  head].     In  biology,  spiny-headed. 

Acanthocladous  {ak-anth-ok' -lad-us)  [d/eav0a,  a  spine ; 
kK&Soq,  a  branch].  In  biology,  possessing  spiny 
branches. 

Acanthoid  {ak-an' -thoid)  [huavda,  a  spine].  Resem- 
bling a  spine,  or  spicula  ;   spinous. 

Acanthological  {ak-anth-o-loj' -ik-al)  [aitavBa,  a  spine; 
"kbyeiv,  to  speak].  In  biology,  pertaining  to  the  knowl- 
edge of  spines. 

Acantholysis  {ak-an-thol'-is-is)  [  o/cai  0a,  prickle  ;  Tiimu  , 
a  loosening,  a  wasting].  Any  skin  disease  in  which 
there  is  an  atrophy  of  the  prickle-layer.  A.  Bullosa. 
See  I  '//clysis. 

Acanthoma    {ak-anth-o' -niali)    [bxavda,  a   spine:  //., 
inth</mata~\.     A  localized  excessive  growth  in  any 
part  of  the  prickle-cell  layer  of  the  si 

Acanthomastic  {ak-anth-o-mas' -tik)  [aiaivda,  a  spine; 
aaarixn,  mastic].  A  gum  produced  by  Atractylis 
gun  .    a   plant   of    the    Mediterranean    region; 

valued  in  the  1  Iriental  countri.         I  nof. 

Acanthopelvis     {ah-anth-o-f-  \i/Kav6a,     thorn; 

m"/.vc,  pelvis].     Same  as  Aeanthopelys. 


A<    \.\  I  IK  IPELYS 


23 


A<  CENTUATION 


Acanthopelys  [ak-anth-op' '-el-is)  [aicavda, thorn ;  -i'/\r, 
pelvis].   A  pelvis  that  is  encroached  upon  by  exostoses. 

Acanthophorous  [ak-anth-ojjP-or-u  |  [dxavfoz,  a  spine ; 
Aipeiv,  to  bear].  In  biology,  bearing  or  producing 
spines  or  thorns. 

Acanthopod  [ak-anth' '-o-pod\  [anavOa,  a  spine;  iroiig, 
foot!.  In  biology,  an  animal  with  spiny  feet,  or 
spine-like  claws. 

Acanthopterous  [ak-anth-op1 '-ter-us)  [anavda,  a  spine; 
irrtpov,  a  wing].  In  biology,  having  spiny  wings  or 
fins. 

Acanthosis  (ak-an/h-o'-sis)  [anavda,  thorn] .  Any  skin 
disease  marked  by  abnormalities  in  the  prickle-cell 
layer.  A.  Nigricans,  a  general  pigmentation  of 
the  skin,  with  papillary,  mole-like  growths;  a  rare 
conditii  in. 

Acanthus  [ak-anth' -us)  [aKavdoc,  a  spine].  A  genus 
of  European  herbs.  ./.  mollis  and  A.  spinosa  were 
formerly  much  esteemed  as  vulnerary,  antidysenteric 
and  antihectic  remedies ;  they  are  demulcent  and 
mucilaginous.      Unof. 

Acapsular  [ah-kap  ' -su-lar)  [a  priv.  ;  capsula,  a  small 
box  or  capsule].      In  biology,  destitute  of  a  capsule. 

Acardia  [ah-kar^-de-ah)  \_a  priv.;  aapdia,  heart].  A 
monstrosity  without  heart,  developed  simultaneously 
with  a  normal  fetus. 

Acardiac  [ah-kar'-de-ak]  [a  priv. ;  napdla,  heart].  I. 
Having  no  heart.  2.  A  fetus  with  no  heart.  See 
Acardiacus. 

Acardiacus  [ah-kar-di'-ak-us)  [a.  priv.;  napdia,  heart]. 
See  Acardiac.  A  synonym,  employed  mainly  by  the 
German  writers,  for  omphalosite.  The  term  was 
adopted  because  of  the  frequent  absence  of  the  heart 
in  this  condition.  A.  Acormus.  See  Asomala.  A. 
Anceps.     Same  as  Paracephalus,  q.  v. 

Acardiohemia,  or  Acardiohaemia  [ah-kar-de-o-kef  - 
me-ah)  [a  priv.;  napdia,  heart;  atita,  blood].  Lack 
of  blood  in  the  heart. 

Acardionervia  [ah-kar-de-o-ner,-ve-ah)  [a  priv.;  napdia, 
heart;  nervus,  a  sinew].  Diminished  nervous  action 
or  nerve-stimulus  in  the  heart. 

Acardiotrophia  {ah-kar-de-o-trc/ -fe-ah)  [*/  priv.;  napdia, 
heart;   rpcxpi/,  nutrition].      Atrophy  of  the  heart. 

Acarian  [ah-ka' '-re-an)  [atcapi/g,  small,  tiny].  Of  or 
pertaining  to  the  acarids  or  mites. 

Acariasis  [ak-ar-i'-as-is)  [a  priv. ;  xapeiv,  to  cut].  See 
Mange. 

Acaricidal  [ak-ar-is-V-dal)  [anapi/g,  small,  tiny  ;  ccedere, 
to  kill].      Destructive  of  acarids,  or  mites. 

Acaricide  [ak-ar'-is-id)  [dfcap^c,  small,  tiny ;  ccedere,  to 
kill].     An  agent  that  destroys  acarids. 

Acarid,  Acaridan  yak'-ar-id,  ak-ar'-id-an)  [anapqc, 
small,  tiny].      Pertaining  to  Acarus. 

Acarina  [ak-ar-i' '-naA)  [L.].  An  order  of  insects  (mites) 
with  stout  bodies,  having  the  unjointed  abdomen  con- 
solidated with  the  head  and  thorax,  with  biting,  suck- 
ing, or  puncturing  mouth-organs,  breathing  mostly  by 
means  of  trachea;. 

Acarinosis  [ak-ar-in-o' 'sis)  [acarus,  a  mite].  Any 
disease,  as  the  itch,  produced  by  a  mite,  or  acarid. 

Acarodermatitis  [ak-ar-o-der-mat-i' -tis)  [acarus,  a 
mite;  dermatitis'],.  Dermatitis  dependent  upon  or 
caused  by  acari,  or  mites. 

Acaroid  [akf-ar-oid)  [Acarus,  a  mite].  Mite-like.  A. 
Gum,  Botany  Hay  Gum;  Resina  lutea.  An  aromatic 
resin  used  in  Australia  as  a  remedy  for  gastric  troubles, 
intestinal  catarrhs,  diarrheas,  etc.  Dose  grs.  viij-xvj, 
in  alcoholic  solution.  Unof.  A.  Resin,  Black  Boy 
Gum.  The  resin  of  various  species  of  Xanthorrhea, 
q.  v.  Benzoic  acid  is  prepared  from  it,  and  it  is  said 
to  have  the  properties  of  storax,  and  balsam  of 
Peru. 


Acarotoxic  [ak-ar-o-toks' -ik)  [acarus,  a  mite  ;  to£lk6v, 
a  poison].      Poisonous,  or  destrui  tive,  to  acari. 

Acarpae  [a-Aat^-pl)  [a  priv.;  KO/cwr<5c,  fruit].  A  name 
proposed  lor  a  f^roiip  of  skin  diseases  in  which  there 
are  no  papules,  tubercles,  or  elevated  points. 

Acarpous  [ak-ai^-pus)  [a  priv.;  mpirSq,  fruit].  Hav- 
ingnoeleval  it  nodular.     In  biology,  producing 

no  fruit;  sterile,  barren. 

Acarus  [ak'-ar-us)  [a  priv.  ;   xeipeiv,  to  cut  (because  so 
small)  :  pi,  Acari],     The  mite,  or  tick,  a  parasite  of 
man    and    animals.      A.    autumnalis   the    harvest-bug, 
now  (ailed  Leptui  autumnalis.    A.  folliculorum. 
Steatozoon.     A.  scabiei.     See  Scabies. 

Acatalepsy  [ah-kaf '-al-ep-se)   [a  priv. ;   KaraXa/i/3ai 
to  understand] .   1. 1  ocertainty  in  diagnosis.  2.  Mental 
impairment  :   dementia. 

Acataleptic  [ah-kat-al-ep* '-tik)  [a  priv.;  m.Ta'Xap.fta.vziv, 
to  understand].  Uncertain;  doubtful  (used  of  a 
prognosis  or  a  diagnosis  of  a  disease). 

Acatamathesia  [ah-kat-am-ath-e/-ze-aJi)  [a  priv.; 
KaTauaOt/oig,  understanding].  I.  Inability  to  under- 
stand conversation,  due  to  mental  disorder.  2.  A 
morbid  blunting  of  the  perceptions  ;  as  in  psychical 
deafness,  or  psychical  blindne--. 

Acataphasia  [ah-kat-af-a' '-ze-ah)  [a  priv. ;  Kara,  after; 
qaoic,  utterance].  A  disorder  in  the  syntactical 
arrangement  of  uttered  speech,  due  to  some  central 
lesion. 

Acataposis  [ah-kat-apf  -o-sis)  [a  priv.  ;  Kara,  down  ; 
ttooic,  a  drinking,  a  swallowing].  A  difficulty  in  swal- 
lowing ;  dysphagia. 

Acatastasia  [ah- kat-as-ta1 '-ze-ah)  [anaraoTaGia'] .  Ab- 
sence of  regularity,  or  of  fixed  character,  in  the  course 
of  a  disease,  or  in  the  nature  of  an  excretion. 

Acatastatic  [ah-kat-as-tat'-ik).  Marked  or  character- 
ized by  acatastasia;  irregular;  not  of  definite  type. 

Acatharsia  [ah-kath-ar'  -se-ah)  [anaQapcia,  uncleansed 
state].  Impurity;  foulness;  need  of  purgation,  or 
cleansing. 

Acaudal  [ah-kaw' '-dal)  [d  priv.  ;  cauda,  a  tail]. 
Acaudate,  ecaudate,  tailless,  anurous. 

Acaudate     (ah-karo'-ddl).     Same  as  Acaudal. 

Acaules  [ah-kaw' -lez)  [h  priv.  ;  caulis,  a  stem]. 
Plants  which,  as  in  the  case  of  lichens,  algae,  etc.,  lack 
a  stalk,  or  have  it  but  very  indistinctly  developed. 

Acaulescence  [ah-haw-ies'-ens)  [a  priv.;  caulis, 
a  stalk].  In  biology,  plants  wherein  the  growth  of 
the  main  stem  is  arrested.     Also  Acaulosia. 

Acaulescent     [ah-kaw-les'-ent)     [a    priv. ;     caulis,    a  , 
stalk].      In  botany,  stemless. 

Acaulosia  [ah-kaw-lo' '-se-ah)  [a  priv.  ;  caulis,  a  stalk]. 
See  Acaulescence. 

Accelerans  Nerve  [ak-seV '-er-ans)  [L.].  A  nerve  from 
the  accelerans  center  in  the  medulla  to  the  heart,  inter- 
mediating acceleration  of  its  rhythm. 

Acceleration  [ak-sel-er-a' -shun)  [accele ratio].  Quick- 
ening, as  of  the  pulse,  or  of  the  respiratory  function. 
In  biology,  the  term  applied  to  change  of  structure 
during  growth  brought  about  by  the  addition  of  parts, 
either  by  ••  homotopy"  or  by  "  heterotopy." 

Accelerative  Epilepsy  [ak-sel' '-er-a-tiv  ep'-il-ep-se). 
See  Epilepsy. 

Accelerator  Urinae  [ak-seV -er-a-tor  u-ri'-ne)  [L.].  A 
muscle  of  the  penis  whose  function  is  to  expel  the  last 
drops  in  urination,  to  expel  the  semen,  and  to  assist 
erection.  The  sphincter  vaginae  is  its  analogue  in  the 
female.      See  Muscles,  fable  of . 

Accentuation  [ak-sen-tu-a' '-shun)  [accentuare].  A 
term  applied  to  the  heart  sounds,  generally  the  second, 
when  they  are  louder,  because  of  an  increased  blood- 
tension  in  the  vessels,  giving  rise  to  a  forcible  elastic 
recoil  of  the  latter  with  abrupt  closure  of  the  valves. 


AO  I  SS 


24 


A(  CUMBEN1 


Access  [ak'-sei)  [<><  .  ch].     i.   An  attack 

ol  a  disease.  -.  l'he  return  of  a  fit,  or  paroxysm. 
3.   Cohabitation. 

Accessiflexor  [ai-ses-e-JL  <cor\. 

An  \or  muscle. 

Accession  mi  1    [a 

Tin-  assault,  beginning,  or  onset  of  a  disease,  or 
of  a  stage  of  tin-  same;  applied  especially  to  a  recur- 
rence ot  periodica]  diseas 

Accessive  1  Marked  or  charac- 

terized by  -harp  and  sudden  ms  or  paroxysms. 

Accessorium  ,         [\-~\-     An  accessory 

part ;   an  adjunct,  or  appendaj 

Accessory  if)    [aceessorius\ . 

A  term  applied  to  certain  glands,  muscles,  ducts, 
tune-,  art  ..  that    are  often    inconstant,  but 

always  auxiliary  in  function,  course,  etc.,  to  the  prin- 
cipal. Certain  small  muscles,  as  the  lumbricales,  are 
regarded  as  accessory  to  more  important  muscles.  In 
bii  mething  additional;    as  an  accessory  bud, 

fruit,  or  plume.  A.  Buds,  in  botany,  buds  that  are 
developed  by  the  side  of,  or  above,  the  normal  axillary 
bud.  A.  Fruits,  in  botany,  those  fruits  a  considerable 
portion  of  whose  substance  is  distinct  from  the  seed- 
mil  formed  of  the  accrescent  and  succulent 
>\.  or  torus,  or  receptacle,  bracts,  etc.  A.  Gland 
of  Rosenmuller.  See  Gland.  A.  Gland  of  the 
Pancreas,  Brunner's  Glands,  </.  v.  A.  of  the 
Parotid,  the  Socio  Parotidis,  </.  v.  A.  Valves,  in 
zoology,  small  additional  valves  which  occur  in  certain 
form.-,  as  the  accessory  valves  placed  near  the  umb 
of  the  genus  Pholas  among  the  Mollu 

Accident  [akf -se-deni)  [accedere,  to  occur].  1.  In 
d  medicine,  an  event  occurring  to  an  individual 
without  his  expectation,  and  without  the  possibility  of 
hi-  preventing  it  at  the  moment  of  its  occurrence.  2. 
An  intercurrent  or  complicating  symptom  or  event, 
not  to  be  looked  for  in  the  regular  progression  of  an 
attack  of  disease. 

Accidental  [ak-se-dent'-al)  [acrid  ntalis~\.  I.  Due  to, 
or  caused  by.  an  accident.  2.  Intercurrent;  having 
no  essential  connection  with  other  conditions  or  symp- 
tom-.    A.  Hemorrhage.     See  Hemorrhage. 

Accidentalism  [ak-se-denf '-al-isni)  [accidentalism.  That 
theory  of  medicine  that  ignores  pathology  and  eti- 
ology, and  attends  only  to  the  symptoms  or  accidental 
features  of  disease. 

Accidentalist  (ak-se-denf -al-ist )  [accidentalis\  One 
who  advocate^  or  follows  accidentalism. 

Accipiter  {cik-sip* -it-er)  [L.,  a  "hawk"].  A  facial 
bandage  with  tails  radiating  like  the  claws  of  a 
ha '.'. 

Acclimate  [ak-kW '-mat)  [ad,  to;  clima,  a  climate]. 
To  accustom  to  a  new  or  untried  climate. 

Acclimatation    ah-Ali-mat^ -shun),  or 

Acclimation  {ak-lim-af -shun) .      See  Acclimatization. 

Acclimatization  [ak-kli-mat-iz-a'-shun)  [ad,  to;  clima, 
climate].  The  process  of  becoming  accustomed  to 
th>-    1  tin  I,  water,  etc.,  of  a  country  to    which  a 

plant,  animal,  person,  or  a  people  has  removed. 

Acclimatize   (ak-kli'-mat-lz)   [ad,  to ;   clima,  climate]. 

Acclivis  [ak-kli'-vi  1  [I...  "-loping"].  The  Obliquus 
internm  muscle  of  the  abdomen. 

Accommodation        •■■■   >m-o-da/-shun)     [accommodare, 
to  adjust].     Adaptation    or    adjustment.      Adapt 
of    the    fetus    to    the     uterus    ami    birth-canal.       A., 
Absolute,    the    accommodation   of   either    eye   -epa- 
rately.      A.,    Anomalies    of,    departures    from    the 

irmal  in  the  action  of  the  mechanism  ot   accom 
dation.    A.,  Histological,  ti 
in    the    morphology    and  function    of   cell-  following 


changed  conditions.  A.,  Negative,  the  eye  passive 
or  at  rest.  A.  of  the  Eye,  that  function  of  the 
ciliary  muscle  and  lens  whereby  objects  at  different 
distances  are  clearly  seen.  It  depends  upon  the  inhe- 
rent elasticity  of  the  lens,  which  when  the  ciliary 
muscle  ol  an  emmetropii  eye  1- at  rest  is  adapted  to 
the  proper  localization  ..l'  parallel   rays  of  light,  or  of 

such  rays  a-  proceed  from  an  infinite  distance,  ..i  t 1 

the  horizon  of  the  observer.  Objects  nearer,  to  be 
.  learly  se<  n,  require  a  greater  refracting  power  on  the 
part  of  the  eye  because  tin  rays  from  such  objects  ate 
moil'  divergent.  This  additional  refracting  power  is 
gained  by  an    increased  antero-posterior  diameter  of 


the  lens,  L,  [illustration  annexed)  brought  about  by 
the  contraction  of  the  ciliary  muscle,  .)/,  which  occa- 
sions a  loosening  of  the  suspensory  ligament  and  a 
thickening  of  the  lens  by  its  own  elasticity.  A.,  Paraly- 
sis of,  paralysis  of  the  ciliary  muscle.  A.,  Phos- 
phenes,  the  peripheral  light  streak  seen  in  the  dark 
after  the  act  of  accommodation.  A.,  Range  of,  the 
distance  between  the  Punctum proximum,  or  nearest 
of  distinct  vision,  and  the  Punctum  remotissimum,  or 
the  most  distant  point.  A.  Theory,  a  theory  that 
ascribes  the  production  of  myopia  to  a  distention  of 
the  posterior  portion  ol  the  sclera  from  the  increased 
intra-ocular  pressure  dependent  upon  frecmently  re- 
peated accommodation  of  the  eyes. 

Accompaniment  (of  the  <  ataract  ){a-kumf-pan-e-ment). 
An  old  name  for  secondary  or  recurrent  capsular 
cataract ;  opacity  of  the  capsule  following  an  opera- 
tion for  cataract. 

Accouchee  [ak-koo-shay)  [Ft.,  a,  to;  couche,  a  bed], 
A  woman  delivered  of  a  child. 

Accouchement  (ak-koosh-mong)  [ad,  to;  couche,  bed]. 
The  French  term  for  labor,  or  delivery  of  a  child. 
The  act  of  childbirth.  A.  Force,  rapid  and  forcible 
delivery  with  the  hand  during  severe  hemorrhage 

Accoucheur  [ak-koo-shur)  [Fr.].     -V  man-midwife. 

Accoucheuse  {ak-koo-skuz)  [Fr.].     A  midwife. 

Accrementitial  [ak-re-men-tish' '-at)  [accrescere,  to  in- 
crease]. In  biology,  of  or  pertaining  to  the  proi .  -^ 
of  accrementition. 

Accrementition  (ak-re-men-lisk'-un)  [<rd,  to;  cres 
to  grow].      A    growth    in    which   increase  take-] 
by  interstitial  development  from  blastema,  and  also  by 
reproduction  of  cells  by  fission.      The  production  or 
developmenl  of  a  new  individual  by  the  separation  of 
a  part  of  tli.   parent  ;  gi  tnmation. 

Accrescent  '-ent)    [a  .    to    grow].     In 

biology,  refer-  to  those  parts  connected  with  the  flower 
which  increase  in  size  after  flowering,  a-  frequently 
occurs  with  the  calyx,  involucre,  etc. 

Accrete  [ak-rif)  [accretus;  accrescere,  to  increase, 
grow].     In  biology,  grown  together. 

Accretion  (ak-re/ -shun)  [ad,  to;  crescere,  to  increase]. 
A  term  the  in. inner   by  which  crystalline  and 

certain  organic  forms  increase  their  material  substance. 
Al-o,  the  adherence.. I   parts  that  are  normally  sepa- 

Accumbent  {ak-um' -bent)  [ad,  to;  cumbere,  to  lie 
down].     In  biology,  lying  against  a  thing.   Cotyledons 


ACCUMULATE  »R 


25 


A<  ESl   EN(  1. 


are  accumbent  when  the  edges  of  their  applied  faces 
lie  against  the  radii  de. 

Accumulator  {ak-u' '-mu-la-t  umulare,  to  heap 

up].     An  apparatus  tostore  electricity. 

A.  C.  E.  Mixture.  An  anesthetic  mixture  composed 
of  alcohol  i  part,  chloroform  2  parts,  ether  3  parts. 
See  Anesthetic. 

Acedia  (ah-se'-de-ah)  \aia)8ia\.  A  certain  form  of 
melancholia. 

Acelius  {ah-ser -le-us)  [d  priv. ;  Koikia,  the  belly]. 
\\  ithout  a  belly  ;  applied  to  those  extremely  emaciated. 

Acelomatous   (ah-sel-o1 '-mat-us)    [d  priv.  ;    icoiXufii  . 
hollow].      In    biology,    destitute   of    a     perivisceral 
cavity  or  ccelum. 

Acelomi  {ahse* -lo-mi}  [d  priv.;  KoiXia,  the  belly].  In 
biology,  worms  destitute  of  a  perivisceral  cavity,  as 
tape  worms. 

Acelomous  {ah-se'-lo-mus).     See  Acelomatous. 

Acelous  (ah-se'-lus)  [dpriv.;  tcolXog, hollow].  Without 
intestines ;   anenterous. 

Acenaphthene  (as-en-af'-thlri)  \aceticus ;  naphtha- 
lene], Cj2HI0.  A  hydrocarbon  that  occurs  in  coal  tar, 
and  separates  on  cooling  from  the  fraction  boiling  at 
260— 2800  C.  It  crystallizes  from  hot  alcohol  in  long 
needles  melting  at  950  C.  and  boiling  at  2770  C. 

Acentric  (ak-sen'-trik)  [d  priv. ;  nivrpov,  center].  Not 
centric;  not  originating  in,  or  pertaining  to,  a  nerve- 
center  ;  peripheric. 

Aceognosia  {as-e-og-no/ -se-ah)  [d/coc,  a  remedy;  yvuoic, 
knowledge].     A  knowledge  of  remedies. 

Aceology  (as-e-ol'-o-je)  [d/coc,  cweeoc,  a  remedy;  /dvoo,  a 
discourse].  Therapeutics;  medical  and  surgical  treat- 
ment of  disease ;  acology. 

Acephalan  (ah-sef' '-al-an)  \JiKt6aKoq.  headless].  An 
acephal,  one  of  the  acephala,  or  pertaining  to  such. 
A  lamellibranchiate  mollusc. 

Acephalemia,  or  Acephalhemia  (ak-sefal-e'-me-ah)  [d 
priv.;  Kcon'/i/,  head;  aiiia,  blood].  Deficiency  of 
blood  in  the  head. 

Acephalia  [ah-sef-af -le-afi)  [d  priv.;  «e0a/l?/,  head]. 
In  teratology,  the  absence  of  the  head. 

Acephalism  (ah-sef'-al-izni)  [d  priv.;  K£<paAr'/,  head]. 
See  Acephalia. 

Acephalobrachia  (ah-sef-al-o-bra'-ke-ah)  [d  priv.  ; 
Kn:«i7i],  head;  .3pa\iuv,  arm].  In  teratology,  absence 
of  the  head  and  arms. 

Acephalobrachius  {ah-sef-al-o-braf -ke-us)  [d ;  Ksoa/i/; 
(ipaxiuv'].     A  monster  with  neither  head  nor  arms. 

Acephalocardia  (ah-sef-al-o-kar/-de-ah\  [d  priv.  ; 
Ke(pa?//,  head ;  napdia,  heart].  Absence  of  the  head 
and  heart. 

Acephalocardius  (ah-sef-al-o-kar'-dc-its)  [d  ;  Ketyahrj  ; 
Kap(Via\ .     A  monster  with  neither  head  nor  heart. 

Acephalochiria  (ah-sef-al-o-ki' '-re-alt)  [d  priv.;  KecpaAy, 
head ;  Xell'>  hand] .  Absence  of  the  head  and 
hands. 

Acephalochirus  (ah-sef f  -al-o-ki'  -rus)  [See  Acephalo- 
chiria'}.    A  monster  with  neither  head  nor  hands. 

Acephalocyst  (ah-sef ' -al-o-sist)  [d  priv.;  neon?.//,  head  ; 
Kior/r,  a  bladder].  The  bladder- worm.  A  headless, 
sterile  hydatid,  found  in  the  liver  and  other  organs. 
A.  racemosa,  the  hydatid  mole  of  the  uterus. 

Acephalogaster  {ah-sef  al-o-gas'  -ter)  [d«foa/ df,  head- 
less ;  yno~>jp,  belly].  A  monster  with  neither  head 
nor  stomach. 

Acephalogasteria  {ah-sef-al-o-gas-te' -re-aK) .  Absence 
of  the  head  and  stomach.     See  Acephalogaster. 

Acephalophoran  (ah-sef-al-ofP -o-ran)  [d  priv.;  KFt>a7Ji, 
head;  ipepeiv,  to  bear].  In  biology,  a  member  of 
DeBlainville's  group  of  molluscs,  Acephalophora. 

Acephalopodia  (ah-sef-al-o-po'-de-ah)  [d  priv.  ;  Ke<pa7J], 
head  ;    tvovq,  foot] .      Absence  of  the  head  and  feet. 


Acephalopodius  {ah-sef-al-o-po' '-de-us) .  A  monster 
with  neither  head  nor  feet.     See  A    phalo     Ha. 

Acephalorrhachia  (ah-sefal-o-ra' '-ke-ah)  [d  priv.; 
>>  •>/',,  head;  i"'\'r,  spine].  Absence  of  the  head 
and  vertebral  column. 

Acephalostomia      (ah-sef-al-o-sto'-nie-ah)      [d      priv.  ; 
■//,,  head  ;  ardfia,  mouth].     Absent  e  of  the  head, 
with  a  mouth-like  opening  on  the  superior  aspect. 

Acephalostomus  {ah-sef  al-os' -to-mus)  [d  priv.;  kkju'/i/ ; 
rrr<»(/<;].  A  monster  with  no  head,  but  with  a  mouth- 
like aperture.     See  Acephalostomia. 

Acephalothoracia   {ah-sefal-o-tho-ra' -se-aK)   [d  priv.; 
■>/,.  head;   dapalj,  chest].     Absence   of  the   b 
and  thorax. 

Acephalothorus  {ak-sefal-o-tho'-rus).  A  monster 
without  head  or  thorax.      See  Acephalothora 

Acephalous  {ah-sej v-al-us)  [d/ce0a^df,  headless].  Head- 
less. 

Acephalus  {ah-sef ' -al-us)  [d  priv. ;  wetyakii,  head].  1. 
A  species  of  omphalositic  monsters  characterized  by 
complete  absence  of  the  head  and  usually  of  the  upper 
extremities.  It  is  the  commonest  condition  among  the 
omphalusites.  2.  A  variety  of  the  above  species 
marked  by  the  highest  form  of  development.  The 
head  is  absent,  but  there  is  at  least  one  superior 
extremity,  and  the  thorax  is  generally  fairly  well- 
developed. 

Acer  {a'-ser).  A  genus  of  sapindaceous  trees  and 
shrubs;  the  maples.  A.  saccharinum,  the  Sugar 
Maple  of  North  America,  affords  a  large  commercial 
supply  of  sugar.  A.  rubrum,  tin  Red  Maple,  has  an 
astringent  inner  bark.  .-/.  pennsylvanicum,  Striped 
Maple,  is  -aid  to  be  antemetic  and  alterative.      Unof. 

Aceras  (as'-er-as)  [d  priv.;  icipag,  horn,  spur].  A 
genus  of  orchids.  A  anthropophora  (green-man, 
man-orchid)  has  sudorific  leaves,  and  the  bulbs  are 
used  as  salep.      Unof. 

Acerates  (as-er-a' -tez)  [dpriv.;  ntpac,  horn].  A  genus 
of  asclepiadaceous  plants,  regarded  by  some  as  a  sec- 
tion of  the  genus  Gotnphocarpus.  A.  decumbens,  of 
New  Mexico,  is  said  to  cure  snake  bites.  A.  longi- 
folia,  of  the  U.  S.,  is  diaphoretic.     Unof. 

Aceratophorous  (ah-se-ra-tof' -o-rus)  [d  priv.  ;  ntpac, 
horn;  (pfpeiv,  to  bear].  In  biology,  hornless,  mulev. 
Cf.  Accrous. 

Aceratosis  (ah-scr-at-o'-sis)  [d  priv.;  KFpac,  horn]. 
Deficiency  or  imperfection  of  comeou.-,  tissue. 

Acerb  (a-serb')  [acerbus,  bitter].  Having  a  bitter, 
astringent  and  pungent  taste  ;   as  certain  drugs. 

Acerbity  (a-serb' -it-,)  \_acerbitas,  sharpness,  sourness]. 
Acidity  combined  with  astringency. 

Aceric  (as-er'-ik)  \acer,  a  maple  tree].  Pertaining  to, 
or  found  in  the  maple  ;  as  aceric  acid. 

Aceride  (as'-cr-ni)  [d  priv.;  cera,  wax].  An  oint- 
ment or  plaster  containing  no  wax. 

Acerose  {as'-er-os)  [acits  (acer),  chaff].  In  botany, 
chaffy;   needle-shaped,  a-  pine  needles. 

Acerotous  {ah-ser' -o-tus)  [d  priv.;  Kt/pdc,  wax].  Con- 
taining no  wax  ;  said  of  ointments  and  plasters. 

Acerous  (as'-er-us)  [d  priv.;  KEpac,  a  horn].  In 
biology,  having  undeveloped,  minute,  or  no  horns  or 
antenn.v  ;   aceratophorous. 

Acervate  (as-er'-vdt)  \acervatus, p.p.  of  acervare,  t>> 
heap  upon].     In  biology,  growing  in  heaps  or  clusters. 

Acervuline  (as-er'-rnt-lin)  [a-  ervulus,  a  heap].  Agmi- 
nated.  or  aggregated  ;   as  certain  mucous  glands. 

Acervulus.  or  Acervulus  cerebri  {as-er1 '-vu-lus  scr'- 
e-bri).  Concretionary  matter  near  the  base  of  the  pineal 
gland,  consisting  of  alkaline  phosphates  and  carbonates, 
with  amyloid  matter;    brain-sand. 

Acescence     (as-es'-ens)     [ac  ,  to  grow  sour] .     1. 

The  process   of  becoming  sour ;   the  quality  of  being 


\.  1  S<  I  NCY 


26 


ACETYLENE 


somewhat  sour,  j  A  disease  of  wines,  whereby  they 
become  sour  owing  to  tin-  agenc)  yterma  aceti. 

Acescency  See  A 

Acescent  ,  to  become  soar] .    Some- 

what acid  <>r  tart;  acidulous. 

Aceia  Plura] 

Acetable  :-/>l)  [acetabulum,  a  small  cup].     An 

old  name  fi  ■<  the  'um. 

Acetabular  |  fabulum,  a  small  cup]. 

Pertaining  t"  the  acetabulum. 

Acetabuliferous  'if-er-us)    [a  u    ■"'/,    a 

small  cup;  to  bear].     Having  suckers,  as  the 

arm-  of  cuttle  fishes  and  ^> ]iii< Is. 

Acctabuliform  (  i)  [acetabulum,  a  small 

cup;  forma,  form].  Having  the  form  of  the  acetab- 
ulum, or  of  a  shallow  cup  ;   cotyloid,  or  glenoid. 

Acetabulum  u  -  lum)   [l...  a  small  cup  or 

measure].       In    biology,    any    cup    shaped    cavity    or 
.in.     The    articulating    cavity  of  the  head  of  the 
femur,  or  the  leg  of  an  insect  ;   one  of  the  suckers  on 
the  arm  phalopods,  or  on  the  scolex  of  a  tape- 

worm;   the  receptacle  of  certain  fungi  and  lichens. 

Acetal  [acetum,  vinegar],   C6HM02.      F.thi- 

dene  diethylate,  a  colorless,  mobile  liquid,  with  an 
ethereal  odor,  produced  by  the  imperfect  oxidation  of 
alcohol  under  the  influence  of  platinum  black.  Spar- 
ingly soluble  in  water;  boils  at  104°  ('.  ;  sp.  gr.  at  200 
;.     Its  action  is  that  of  a  soporific.     Dose  5 j. 

Acetaldehyd  [as-et-al,-de-hld'\.  The  normal  aldehyd  ; 
ethaldehyd.     See  Aldehyd. 

Acetals  (as/-et-alz)  [acetum,  vinegar].  Products  of 
the  combination  of  aldehyds  with  the  alcohols  at 
ioo°  C. 

Acetamid  '  ,(    H5NO.      A   white  crystal- 

line solid  produced  by  distilling  ammonium  acetate,  or 
by  heating  ethyl  acetate  with  strong  aqueous  ammonia. 
It  combines  with  both  acids  and  metals  to  form 
unstable  compounds. 

Acetanilid  [as-et-an'-il-id),  C8H9NO.  A  white,  crys- 
talline solid.  Produced  by  boiling  anilin  and  glacial 
acetic  acid  together  1  ral  hours;   the  crystalline 

-  i-  thru  distilled.      It  melts  at    II40  and   boils   at 
-  '.      It  is  soluble   in   hot  water,  alcohol    and    ether. 
I  nder  the  name  antifebrin  it  is  prescribed  as  an  anti- 
pj  reti<  .      I  >ose  gr.  iij-xv. 

Acetarium  {as-et-a* -re-um)  [gen.,Acetarii:  pi., Aceta- 
ria~\.     A  pickle  or  salad.     A.  Scorbuticum,  a  pickle 
ntaining   leaves  of  scurvy-grass  or  other  anti -scor- 
butic plant- ;   used  in  the  treatment  of  scorbutic  cases. 
»f. 

Acetary   (as*  [acetum,   vinegar].      An   obsolete 

or  rare  name  for  a  -our  pulpy  substance  found  in  pears 
and  some  other  fruits ;  often  enclosed  within  a  congeries 
granules. 

Acetate  'um,    vinegar].       Any   salt    of 

A.  of  Lead,  plumbi acetas.  Si-.-  Plumbum. 

Acetic      1      '  tik)    [acetum,    vinegar].      Pertaining    to 
turn  or  vinegar ;   -our.     See  Acid ',  Acetic :    A.  Fer- 
mentation, the  development   of  acetic  acid   by   the 
tivity  of  the  M  /  aceti. 

Acetin  [a  '  t-in)  [acetum,  vinegar].  A  chemical  com- 
pound formed  I  ••  the  union  of  glycerin  and  aceti'  acid. 

Acetolatum.  ati:pl.,    I 

■■'-/].       Distilled  variously   aromatized   or 

medicated. 

Acetolature  {as-et-ol' -at-ur)  [acetolaturum].  Any 
acetous  tincture,  or  medii  and  vinegar. 

Acetometer  [acetum,  vim 

mea-ure].  An  instrument  \\-<>\  in  the  quantitive  de- 
tr  rmination  1  >t  a<  1  tii   acid. 

Acetometry  {as-et-om' -et-re)  [acetum,  vim  -<n>r, 

measure].     The  quantitive  estimation  of  the  amount 


of  acetic   acid  in  vinegar.      Usually  made  by  an  ar, to- 
rn t  : 
Acetone  dn)  [acetum,  vinegar],  CjH60.      Dime- 

thyl Ketone.  A  colorless,  mobile  liquid,  of  peculiar 
odor  and  burning  taste;  present  in  crude  wood-spirit; 
it  occurs  in  small  quantities  in  the  blood  and  in 
normal  urine,  and  in  considerable  quantities  in  the 
mine  of  diabetics.  Like  methyl  alcohol  it  is  miscible 
in  all  proportions  with  ether,  alcohol,  and  water.  It 
1-  an  excellent  solvent  foi  resins,  gums,  camphor,  fats, 

and  gun  1  1  itt<  >n, 
Acetones  fas^-et-dnz).     A  das-  of  compounds  that  may 
be  regarded   a-  consisting  of  two  alcoholic    radicals 
united  by  the  group  CO,  or  as  aldehyds  in  which  hj 
drogen  of  the  group  COH  has  been  replaced  by  an 

alcoholic    radical. 

Acetonemia  (as-et-o-ne/-me-aA)  [acetone;  di/xa,  blood.] 
The  presence  of  acetone  in  the  blood.  It  may  re- 
sult from  a  number  of  diseases,  but  is  characteristic  of 
chronic  diabetes,  and  is  associated  with  dyspnea,  sub- 
normal temperature,  lowered  pulse  rate,  etc.  The 
patient  finally  falls  into  coma.  The  treatment  consists 
in  increasing  the  secretions  and  by  removing  the 
causes  of  the  diseases. 

Acetonuria  [as-et-on-u' f-re-aK)  [acetone;  oipov,  urine]. 
The  presence  of  acetone  in  the  urine. 

Acetophenone  [as-et-o-fe,-non),  C6H5(CO)(CH8). 
'•  Hypnone;"  a  hypnotic  and  antiseptic.  Without 
satisfactory  action.  I  lose  injv-xv.  It  results  from  the 
action  of  zinc  methyl  upon  benzoyl  chlorid.  <  rvstal- 
lizes  in  large  plates,  melts  at  20. 50,  and  boils  at  2020. 

Acetosella  [as-et-o-sel'-ah).     See  Oxa/is  acetosella. 

Acetous  (as-e'-tus)  [acetum,  vinegar].  Like  or  resem- 
bling vinegar ;  pertaining  to,  or  charged  with  vinegar 
or  acetic  acid. 

Acetoxim     [as-et-oks* '-im) ,    (CH8)2C.N.OH.     A    com 
pound  formed  by  the   action  of   hydroxylamin   upon 
acetone ;  readily  soluble  in  water,  alcohol  and  ether ; 
fuses  at  6o°,  boils  at  135°. 

Acetoxims  (as-et-oks'-imz).     See  Aldoxims. 

Acetphenetidin  (as-t'/-fe->wtr-it/-i>i).     See  Phenacetin. 

Acetum,  {as-e'-tum)  [gen.,  Aceta:  pi.,  Aceti].  ['-■]• 
Vinegar.  An  impure,  dilute  acetic  acid  produced  by- 
acetous  fermentation  of  wine,  cider,  or  other  fruit  juice. 
See  Fermentation.  In  pharmacy,  a  solution  of  the  active 
principles  of  certain  drugs  in  dilute  acetic  acid.  There 
are  four  official  aceta,  each  of  which  contains  the  solu- 
ble principles  of  ten  per  cent,  of  its  weight,  viz.,  of 
lobelia,  opium,  sanguinaria,  and  squill  ;  the  acetumoi 
cantharides  is  official  in  (ireat  Britain.  A.  aromat- 
icum  (N.  F.)  ["aromatic  vinegar"],  a  mixture  of 
alcohol,  water  and  acetic  acid,  aromatized  with  the 
oils  of  rosemary,  lavender,  juniper,  peppermint,  cassia, 
lemon  and  clove-.  A.  britannicum,  an  aromatic 
vinegar  consisting  of  glacial  acetic  acid  600.0,  cam- 
phor 60.0,  oil  of  cloves  2.0,  oil  of  cinnamon  1 .0,  oil 
of  lavender  0.5. 

Acetyl  (as'-et-il)  [acetum,  vinegar],  (C2HsO).  A  uni- 
valent    radical    supposed     to    exist    in    acetic    acid     and 

it-   derivatives.     Aldehyd    maj    be   regarded    a-   the 

hydrid  ami  acetic  acid  a-  the  hydrate,  of  acetyl.  A. 
Peroxid,  (<  II  <>'',.  a  thick  liquid,  insoluble  in 
water,  but  readily  dissolved  bj  ether  and  alcohol. 
It  i-  a  powerful  oxidizing  agent.  It  i-  decomposed 
in  sunlight  and  explodes  violently  when  heated. 
Acetylene  (as-et'-il-en)  [acetum,  vinegar],  C2H2.  A 
colt  is,  with  a  characteristic  and   very  unpleas- 

ant  odor,  burning  with  a  luminous,  smoky  flame. 
Illuminating  gas  contains  a  small  amount  of  it. 
Formed  by  the  imperfect  combustion  of  illuminating 
gas  and  other  hydrocarbons.  The.  acetylene  series  oi 
hydrocarbons  ha-  the  general  formula,  <  nIIiD_  2. 


AC  UK 


27 


achroOdex  ikin 


Ache  (ak)  [A.  S.,  a  an,  to  ache].  Any  continuous  or 
throbbing  pain. 

Ache  (atch)  [l'r.].  An  old,  or  local  name  for  common 
parsley.     See  Apium. 

Acheilia  (ah-ki' '-le-ah)  [d  priv. ;  xa/"S,  a  lip]-  The 
congenital  absence  of  lips. 

Acheilous  (ak-ki'-lus)  [<i  priv.  ;  xe'ihoq,  a  lip].  Born 
without  lips;   affected  with  acheilia. 

Acheiria  (ah-ki' -re-ah)  ["  priv.  ;  ,vf^>,  a  hand].  The 
congenital  absence  of  hands. 

Acheirous  (ah-ki'-rus)  [«  priv.  ;  \n/>,  a  hand].  Af- 
fected with  acheiria;    born  without  hands. 

Acheirus  (ah-ki' -rus).  An  acheirous  person,  or  fetus; 
one  who  was  born  without  hand.-. 

Achene  (a-kln').     Same  as  Achenium. 

Achenium  (ah-ke'-ni-um)  [a  priv.;  xaiV£lvi  gaPe  :  P?-> 
Achenia].  In  biology,  a  .small,  dry,  one-seeded,  in- 
dehiscent  fruit. 

Achenocarp,  or  Achaenocarp  (ah-ke' -no-karp)  [d  priv.; 
Xaiveiv,  to  gape ;  /c«/>;roc,  fruit] .  In  biology,  any  dry  fruit, 
not  opening  spontaneously  when  ripe.     See  Achenium. 

Achenodium  (ak-en-o'-de-um)  [L.].  A  cremocarp  or 
double  achenium,  as  produced  by  some  umbelliferous 
plants.     See  Achenium. 

Achetous,  or  Achaetous  Cah-ke'-tus)  [d  priv.  ;  xa^rr/> 
hair].      In  biology,  lacking  setae,  chaetaa,  or  bristles. 

Achilia  (ah-ki* '-le-ah).      See  Acheilia. 

Achillea  (ak-il-e'-ah)  [Achilles,  its  reputed  discoverer]. 
Milfoil,  Yarrow.  The  herb  ^4.  millefolium.  Properties 
due  to  a  bitter,  aromatic.  a-tringent,  tonic  extractive, 
ackillein,  and  a  volatile  oil.  It  has  long  been  used  as 
a  vulnerary,  and  has  been  highly  recommended  for 
intermittents,  and  in  low,  exanthematous  fevers.  Dose 
5j— Oj  infusion  ad  lib.;  of  the  extractive,  Jjj— iij ; 
of  the  volatile  oil,  gtt.  v-xv.  Unof.  To  the  genus 
Achillea  belong  various  other  unofficial  medicinal 
plants,  as  A.  moschata,  of  the  Alps,  used  in  preparing 
cordials  and  a  diaphoretic  medicine,  and  A.  ptarmica, 
or  sneezewort,  a  strong  sialagogue. 

Achillein  (ak-il'-e-in)  \achilleinum  ;  gen.,  Achilleini\. 
An  extractive  from  Achillea  millifolium.    See  Achillea. 

Achilles  Tendon  (ak-il'-ez  ten' -Jon).      See  Tendon. 

Achillodynia  (ak-u-o-din'-e-ah)  [Achilles;  bUvvq.  pain]. 
Pain  referred  to  the  insertion  of  the  tendo-Achillis, 
sometimes  with  apparent  swelling  of  the  tendon  and 
of  the  os  calcis. 

Achilous  (ah-ki' '-Ins).      See  Acheilons. 

Achiote  (a-che-o'-te).     See  Annotto. 

Achina  (ah-ki'-re-ah).      See  Acheiria. 

Achirous  (ah-ki'-rus).     See  Acheirous. 

Achirus  (ah-ki'-rus).      See  Acheirus. 

Achlamydeous  (ak-lam-id'-e-us)  [d  priv.;  x^a^'C,  a 
cloak).  In  biology,  flowers  lacking  calyx,  corolla,  or 
perianth. 

Achlorophyllous  (ak-klo-ro-fiV '-us)  [«  priv.;  ^/Iwpoc, 
green  ;  tyvA'kov,  leaf].  In  biology,  without  chlorophyll, 
or  leaf-green. 

Achloropsia  {ah -klo-rop'-se-a/i)  [«  priv.;  x^upor,  green  ; 
dijiig,  vision].     Green-blindness. 

Achlys  (ak'-lis)  [(i\'/ir,  gloom,  mist].  Cloudiness  of 
the  cornea. 

Achne  (ak'-ne)  [<"/  yiv/,  anything  shaved  off  ].  I.  Lint,  or 
charpie  ;   floss.      2.    Mucus  upon  the  eye. 

Acholia  (ah-ko' -le-ah)  [d  priv.  ;  x"'"h  bib].  Xon-secre- 
tion  or  non-excretion  of  bile. 

Acholic  (ah-kol-'ik)  [d;  X"'/',]-     Affected  with  acholia. 

Acholous  (ak'-o-lus)  [d  priv.;  x°''/>  bile].  Pertaining 
to  or  affected  with  acholia. 

Achondroplasia  (ah-kon-dro-pla'-se-ah)  [«  priv.;  x&v~ 
Apoc,  cartilage;  TrAaaoetv,  to  form].  Lack  of  devel- 
opment in  a  cartilaginous  structure  ;  the  absorption  of 
cartilage  during  its  transformation  into  bone. 


Achondroplasy  (ah  kon' -dro-pla-se)  [d  pnv.  ;  \6v8pog, 
cartilage;  irXaooeiv,  to  form].  Lack  of  the  normal 
development  of  cartilage.  Parrot's  term  for  a  form  of 
fetal  ii<  kets  in  whit  h  the  limbs  an-  ->hort,  the  curves  of 
the  bones  exaggerated,  and  there  i-  an  absence  of  the 
proliferating  zone  oi  cartilage  at  the  junction  of  the 
epiphyses.  The  children  an-  generally  -till  horn. 
This  condition  is  very  much  like  a  fetal  cretinism. 

Achor  (a'-kor)  [d^w/j,  chaff,  scurf,  or  dandruff:  pi., 
.1  h  >  i  iii  kor'-lz)  ].  Crusta  la, tea.  A  -mall  pustule, 
followed  by  a  scab,  upon  the  heads  of  infants. 

Achordal  (ah-kor'-dal)  [d  priv.;  x^P&li  cord].  Not 
derived  from  the  not,,,  hord. 

Achorion  (a-ko'-n  on)  [dim.  of  o^w/u,  chaff].  A 
genu-  including  several  species  of  fungous  (or  fungoid) 
organisms  (possibly  modified  forms  of  Penicillium 
lucum),  found  in  the  skin,  especial!]  tie-  hair  fol- 
licle-. ./.  keratophagus ,  the  form  causing  On) 
mycosis,  q.  -•.  A.  lebertii,  the  parasite  of  Tinea 
tonsurans.  A.  schonleinii,  the  species  occurring  in 
ringworm  or  Tinea  favosa. 

Achroa  (ah-kro'-ah).     See  Achroia. 

Achroia  (ah-kroi'-ah).     Same  as  Achroma,  q.  v. 

Achroicythemia  (ah-kroi-si-the' -me-ah).  Same  as 
Achroiocythemia.     See  also  Oligochromemia. 

Achroiocythemia  (ah-kroi-o-si-t he'  -me-ah),  or  Achroe- 
ocythasmia  (ah-kre-o-si-the' -me-ah)  [d^potoc,  color- 
less; icirroc,  cell;  aijia,  blood].  A  deficiency  of 
hemoglobin  in  the  red  blood  corpuscles;  also,  the 
diseased  state  that  is  associated  with  such  deficiency. 

Achroleucous  {ah-kro-ln'  -kits)  [d;rpooc,  pale;  Aft'KOf, 
white].      Yellowish-white,  dull  cream  color. 

Achroma  (ah-kro' -maK)  [d  priv.;  xp'~-""l>  color].  Ab- 
sence of  color.  Pallor.  Paleness,  from  whatsoever 
cause.  A.,  Congenital.  See  Albinism.  A.  Cutis. 
See  Leucoderma. 

Achromasia  [ah-kro-ma'-ze-ah).     See  Achroma. 

Achromatic  (ah-kro-mat'-ik)  [d  priv.;  j^w^a,  color]. 
Pertaining  to  achroma;  without  color.  A.  Lens,  one 
the  dispersing  power  of  which  is  exactly  neutralized 
by  another  lens  having  the  same  curvature  but  of 
unequal  refractive  index.  See  also  Aberration  and 
Objective.     A.  Triplet.      See  Microscope. 

Achromatin  (ah-kro' -mat-in)  [d  priv.;  xpijua,  color]. 
The  substance  in  the  nucleus  of  a  cell  prior  to  division. 
So  called  because  not  readily  stained  by  coloring 
agents.  See  Cell  Body.  A.  of  Flemming.  See 
Paralinin. 

Achromatism  ( ah-kro' -mat-izm)  [d  priv.;  ^w/zn, 
color].     Absence  of  chromatic  aberration. 

Achromatopsia  (ah-kro-mat-op'-se-ah)  [d  priv.;  \pufia, 
color;  bC'tr,  eyesight].  Color-blindness;  Daltonism; 
dyschromatopsia. 

Achromatosis  (ah-kro-mat-o'-sis)  [d  priv.;  \,ii.m<i, 
color].  Any  disease  characterized  by  deficiency  of 
pigmentation  in  the  integumentary  tissues. 

Achromatous  (ah-kro' -mat-us)  [d  priv.;  \f>uua,  color]. 
Deficient  in  color. 

Achromia  (ah-kro' -me-ah)  [<i  priv.;  xi"'""'y  color]. 
Albinism  ;   achroma. 

Achromodermia  (ah-kro-mo-der' -me-ah)  \_a  priv.  ; 
Xpufta,  color;  liipfta,  skin].  An  albinotic,  or  color- 
less state  of  the  skin. 

Achromophilous  (ak-kro-mof -il-us)  [it  priv.;  ;jyjG>//«, 
color;  QtAeiv,  to  love].  Not  readily  stained;  not 
chromophilous. 

Achromotrichia  (ah-kro-mo-trtk'-e-ah)  [a  priv.;  xpb>!'a, 
color  ;  ",>  .-,  hair].      Absence  of  pigment  from  the  hair. 

Achromous  (ah-kro* -mus)  [d  priv.;  xpofta,  color]. 
Pale,  colorless  ;    having  no  color. 

Achrobdextrin  (ah-kro-o-deks' '-trim  [axpooc,  colorless; 
dexter,  right].     A  reducing  dextrin  formed  by  the  action 


.\(   IIYI.IA 


ACID 


of  the  diastatic  ferment  of  saliva  u] 

gen.      It  is  .1  modification  ctrin  that  maj 

precipitated  bj  alcohol,  and  i-  not  altered   bj    ptyalin, 
ii<  «r  colored  b)  iodin. 

Achyha  j  riv . ;   \  i  >.../,  juice].     Abs 

or  deficiency  of  juice,  or  of  chyle. 

Achylosis  [d  priv.j    \  '-•'".',  juice]. 

tn.ii.-nt  chylirication 

Achylous  priv.;    rv?.«Jf,  juice].     Without 

ch)  I  ent  in  chyle 

Achymosis  priv. ;     fty/dc,  chyme], 

at  chymification. 

Achyranthes  ov,    chafl 

a    flower].       \    genus  of  amyrantaceous    plants.     A. 

-  febrifugal.     A.  t  of  En 

and  the  I  nited  States,  is  diuretic.      Unof. 

Acicula  i   [dim.  of  acus,  a  needle].      In 

biology,  .1  -pine,  bristle,  or  prickle;    the  bristle-like 
flow 

Acicular  .  a  needle].      Needle-like. 

Aciculum     .is-ik' -u!i<in)    [dim,    of    acus,   a   needle: 
].      In  biology,  one  o(   the  slender  sharp 
bristles  in  the  rudimentary  limbs  of  some  worms. 

Aciculus    ,:<-ik'-u-lu  i    \a  us,  a  needle].      In   biology, 
ti  tut  bristle  or  prickle. 

Acid  .-•,    to    be    sour].      A   name  loosely 

applied  to  any  substance  having  a  sour  taste.  A  com- 
pound of  ai  negative  element  with  one  or  more 
atoms  of  hydrogen  which  can  be  replaced  by  electro- 
iitive  or  basic  atom-.  Acids  vary  in  their  termina- 
tio-  li"kr  to  the  quantity  of  oxygen  or  other 
nstituent.  Those  having  the  maxi- 
mum of  oxygen  end  in  -ic  ;  those' of  a  lower  degree 
in  •  u  .  Where  there  are  more  than  two  combinations 
the  preposition  hyper-\s  prefixed  to  the  highest,  and 
to  the  lowest.  Acid>  that  end  in  -ic,  as  sul- 
phunV  acid,  form  salts  terminating  in  -ate;  those  end- 
ing in  tn  form  salts  terminating  in  -it  .  Physiologic- 
ally .  acid-  in  concentrated  form  act  as  caustics ;  diluted 
and  in  medicinal  doses  they  check  acid-producing  and 
increase  alkaline  sei  retions.  A.,  Abietic.  See  Abietit . 
A..  Abric  C12H24NsO),  a  crystallizable  acid,  said  to 
exist  in  jequirity.  A.,  Aceric,  found  in  the  juice  of 
r  campestre,  the  common  English  maple.  A., 
Acetic,  an  acid  solution  composed  of  36  parts  of 
absolute  acetic  acid  (C2H402),  and  64  parts  water. 
Has  strong  arid  properties.  Miscible  with  water  and 
alcohol.  A.,  Acetic,  Glacial,  the  absolute  acid  in 
crystalline  form.  An  escharotic.  A.,  Acetic,  Dilute, 
tains  -i\  percent,  of  absolute  acid.  Dose  5J— ij. 
An  impure  form  obtained  by  the  destructive  distilla- 
tion of  wood   is  known  as  wood  vinegar,  or  pyrolig- 

11-  .e  id.     A.,  Acetic,  Test.     See   Tests,  Tab, 
A.,  Aconitic  (C6H806),  occurs  in  different  plants 

nitum  napei  ir cane, and  beet-root-.     It  may 

be  obtained  by  heating  citric  acid  alone  or  with  com 
trated     HO.      It    crystallizes    in    small     plate-,    that 
<li--  lily  in  alcohol,  ether  and  water,  and  melt 

at  1 86°— 70.      An  acid  found  in  aconite.    A.,  Adibasic. 
./.,  Suberic.   A.,   Adipic    (CgH10O4),     obtained 
by   oxidizing    fats    with    nitric   acid.     Crystallizes    in 
shining  .  or  prisms;  soluble  in  thin. -en  pan 

ter  ;  melts  at  1480.  It  is  dibasic  and  diatomic. 
A.,  Agaricic  (( ',,.!  I ..,,<  >  H20),  a  resin  acid  obtained 
from    the    fungus    /  growing    on 

larch  tn  le  acid  has  been  recommended  for  the 

checking  of  night-sv  It   also    checks  the  other 

excretion-  and  diminishes  thirst.     It  is  mildly  cathartii 
Unof.     A.,  Alanthic     '     .II.,1  '  1,  Inuli    acid,  found 
in  Inula   helenium.     Occurs  in   needle-like    crysl 
A.,  Aldepalmitic  ((    ,1  I  omponenl  of 

the  but'  A..  Alginic.  in.     A., 


Alloxanic  (C4H  Na04),  a  crystalline  acid,  obtained 
by  treating  alloxan  with  alkalies.  A.,  Alpha-oxy- 
naphthoic  i('nllj>    .   a  fragrant  crystalline  acid,  de- 

I  from  alpha-naphthol.  It  i-  strongly  antiseptic 
and  deodorant  ;  useful  in  wound  dressing;  but  appears 
to  be  toxic  when  taken  by  the  stomach.  (Jnof.  A., 
Alphatolinic.     See  A.,    Phenyl-acetic.     A.,  Amalic 

1  II  jN/D^,  [d/zoAdc,  weak],  tetramethylalloxan- 
tin,  formed   by  the  action  of  HNO„,  or  chlorine  water, 

upon  (him.  or,   I l'\    the  reduction  of  dimethyl 

alloxan  with  II>  Consists  of  colorless,  sparingly 
soluble  crystals,  that  impart  a  red  color  to  the  skin. 
A.,  Amido-acetic.  See  Gfycin.  A.,  Amido- 
benzoic  1  ( ".1 1..\<  >.,),  occasionally  found  in  the  urine. 
A.,  Amido-succinamic.  same  as  Asparagin.  A., 
Angelic  i<  II. <  1,1.  a  crystalline  monobasic  acid. 
Exists  free  along  with  valeric  and  acetic  acids  in  the 
roots  of  Angelica  archangelica,  and  as  butyl  and  amy] 
esters  in  Roman  oil  of  cumin.  Crystallizes  in  shining 
prism-,  melts  at  45°.  and  boils  at  1850.  It  has  a  peculiar 
smell  and  taste.  A.,  Anisic  M'JIj'.i.  obtained  by 
oxidizing  anisol  and  anethol  with  II.\<>,,  and  from 
aniseed  by  the  action  of  oxidizing  substances.  Crys 
talli/e-  from  hoi  water  in  long  needles,  from  alcohol  in 
rhombic  prisms;  melts  at  1850,  boils  at  2S00.  It  is 
antiseptic  and  antirheumatic.  A.,  Anthranilic  (<'.- 
H7N<  >J,  prepared  by  oxidizing  indigo  by  boiling  it 
with  manganese  dioxid  and  sodium  hydroxid.  It 
sublimes  in  long  needles,  is  readily  soluble  in  hot 
water  and  alcohol,  and  melts  at  1440.  A.,  Anthro- 
pocholic  (C]8H2804)  [avdpanoq,  man;  1  <<>>/,  bile], 
an  acid  said  to  be  obtainable  from  human  bile.  Its 
existence  is  doubtful.  A.,  Anticylic,  a  white  fragrant 
powder  with  pleasant  acid  taste,  readily  soluble  in 
water,  alcohol,  and  glycerin,  used  as  an  antipyretic. 
Dose  gr.  T^5.  A.,  Aposorbic  (C5H807),  produced 
on  oxidizing  sorbin  with  UNO.,.  It  crystallizes  in 
small  leaflets  that  melt  with  decomposition  at  no0. 
Easily  soluble  in  water.  A.,  Arabic.  See  Arabin. 
A.,  Arabonic  (C5H10O6),  tetraoxyvaleric  acid,  ob- 
tained by  the  action  of  bromin  water  or  HN03  upon 
arabinose.  A.,  Aromatic,  a  name  applied  to  certain 
organic  acids  occurring  in  the  balsams,  resins,  and 
other  odoriferous  principles.  Also,  in  pharmacy,  a 
dilute  mineral  acid  reinforced  by  aromatic  substances 
in  order  to  modify  their  flavor.  A.,  Arsenous,  and 
Arsenic.  See  Arsenic.  A.,  Aspartic  (C4H7N04), 
occurs  in  the  vinasse  obtained  from  the  beet  root, 
and  is  procured  from  albuminous  bodies  in  various 
reaction-.  It  is  prepared  by  boiling  asparagin  with 
alkalies  and  acids.  It  crystallizes  in  rhombic  prisms, 
or  leaflets,  and  dissolves  with  difficulty  in  water.  A., 
Atrolactinic  (C9H10Os),  obtained  from acetophenone 
by  mean-  of  prussic  acid  and  H2S04  or  dilute  IK  I. 
Dissolves  verj  readily  in  water;  crystallizes  with  one- 
half  H20  in  needles  or  plates;  melts  at  910.  A., 
Atropic  (C9H802),  results  from  atropin,  tropic  acid, 
and  atrolactinic  arid  when  they  are  heated  with  con- 
centrated in  1.  Crystallizes  from  hot  water  in  mono- 
clinic  plates  ;  is  sparingly  soluble  in  cold  water,  easily 
in  ether  and  benzene;  melts  at  1060.  A.,  Auric 
(Au  ''II  ,  gold  trihydroxid.  A.Bath.  See  Bnlh. 
A.,  Behenolic  I  <  '. ..I I  „,<  >.,).  derived  from  the 
bromids  of  erucii  and  brassidic  acids,  Melts  at 
57. 50.  A.,  Benzoic  ((  ,H60  |,  occurs  free  in  some 
hiefly  in  Limn  benzoin,  and  in  1  oal  tar.  It  crystal- 
lize- in  white,  shii  dies, or  leafli  1-.  melts  at  120°, 
and  distils  al  250.  It  volatilize-  readily,  and  its  vapor 
possesses  a  peculiar  odor  that  produces  coughing. 
A.,  Boric.  See  Boron.  A.,  Brassidic  M  ',.,1 1  ,.,<  >  ,. 
isomeric  with  erucicacid;  produced  by  the  action  of 
nitric  a<  id  on  eru<  ii    ai  id  ;  melts  at  560.     A.,    Brenz 


ACID 


29 


ACID 


catechin  sulphuric  (<',.,"  ,1 1  lO).,.U.SO.,),  has  been 
found  in  human  urine,  mainly  after  the  ingestion  of 
salicin,  hydroquinon,  etc.  A.,  Butyric  (C4H 
\butyrum,  butter],  an  acid  having  a  viscid  appear.! 
and  rancid  smell.  It  is  obtained  commerciall)  by  the 
fermentation  of  a  mixture  oi  sugar  and  butti  ror  <  lieese 
in  the  presence  ol  an  alkaline  carbonate,  but  occui 
various  plants,  in  cod  liver  oil,  in  t  lie  juice  of  meats,  and 
in  tin-  perspiration.  <  'ombined  with  glycerin  asgl}  ceryl 
butyrate,  it  is  essentially  butter.  The  ether  derived  from 
butyric  acid  is  the  natural  flavor  of  tin-  pineapple.  A., 
Caffeic  i  ( ',,1 1_<  \  i.  obtained  when  the  tannin  of  coffee 
is  boiled  with  potassium  bydroxid;  crystallizes  in  yel- 
low prisms,  and  is  very  readily  soluble  in  hot  water 
and  alcohol.  A.,  Campholic  I  <  ',,,1 1  ,J  V, ),  produced 
on  distilling  camphor  over  heated  soda  lime,  or  with 
alcoholic  potash;  it  melts  at  o5°,and  is  a  white,  vola- 
tile solid,  insoluble  in  cold  water.  A.,  Camphoric 
(C10l  l„;<  \),  a  dibasic  acid,  obtained  by  boiling  camphor 
with  I L  N( » , ;  crystallizes  from  hot  water  in  colorless 
leaflets;  melts  at  17S0,  and  decomposes  into  water 
and  its  anhydrid,  C8H14(CO)20.  Used  in  night- 
sweats  of  phthisis.  Dose  gr.  x-xxx.  A..  Cam- 
phoronic  (•',,!  I,, •  )-,  1 1. ,0),  produced  by  the  further 
oxidation  of  camphoric  acid;  it  occurs  in  the  mother 
liquor.  Loses  its  water  of  crystallization  at  100-1200 
and  melts  at  1350.  It  forms  colorless  microscopic 
needles  that  are  volatile  and  readily  soluble  in  water. 
A.,  Capric  (CgH19C<  ».<  )1 1 1,  occurs  in  small  quantity,  as 
a  glyeqrid  in  cow's  butter.  1  'rystallizes  in  fine  needles, 
melting  at  300  C,  very  insoluble  in  boiling  water. 
A..  Caproic  |  C61 1,  .< .).,  1,  the  sixth  in  the  series  of 
fatty  acids;  a  clear,  mobile  oil,  colorless,  inflammable, 
and  with  a  very  acid  and  penetrating  taste.  Prepared 
from  butter,  cocoanut  oil,  and  various  other  sources. 
A.,  Caprylic  (C7H15CO.OH),  an  acid  combined 
with  glycerin,  forming  a  glycerid  existing  in  various 
animal  fats;  liquid  at  ordinary  temperatures.  A., 
Carbamic  (H2N.CO.OH),  an  acid  not  known  in  the 
free  state;  its  ammonium  salt  is  contained  in  com- 
mercial ammonium  carbonate.  The  estersof  carbamic 
acid  are  called  methanes.  A.,  Carbazotic.  See  A., 
Picric.  A.,  Carbolic  (C6H5<  >H),  Phenol — the  correct 
designation  of  this  substance — is  procured  from  coal 
tar  by  fractional  distillation.  It  has  a  very  peculiar  and 
characteristic  odor,  a  burning  taste,  is  poisonous,  and 
has  preservative  properties.  The  sp.  gr.  at  o°  is 
1 .084  ;  it  crystallizes  in  colorless  rhombic  needles  that 
melt  at  42. 2°,  boiling  at  l8o°,and  it  is  not  decomposed 
upon  distillation.  At  ordinary  temperatures  it  dissolves 
in  water  with  difficulty  (i:  15),  but  is  soluble  in 
alcohol,  ether,  glacial  acetic  acid,  and  glycerin  in  all 
proportions.  Upon  exposure  to  light  and  air  it  deli- 
quesces and  acquires  a  pinkish  color.  It  is  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  many  of  the  artificial  coloring  matters, 
,  picric  acid,  used  as  a  yellow  dye.  Large  quan- 
tities of  various  qualities  of  carbolic  acid  are  consumed 
for  antiseptic  purposes.  It  is  a  powerful  antiseptic  and 
germicide, and  a  violent  poison.  Internally  it  is  used  in 
vomiting  and  intestinal  fermentation.  Dose  gr.  '^-j. 
A.,  Carb.,  Aqua,  contains  rodrachms  of  the  glycerit  to 
I  pint  of  water.  I  lose  3J-,^ss.  A.,  Carb.,  Garga- 
risma  grs.  ij-31,  for  fetid  sore  throat.  A.,  Carb., 
Glycerit.  contains  acid  I ,  glycerin  4  parts.  A.,  Carb., 
Liquefactum,  (B.  P.).  Dose  rri^  j— ij .  A.,  Carb., 
Solutions,  vary  from  1  to  5  per  cent,  in  water.  A., 
Carb.,  Suppos.  cum  Sapone  1  B.  P.),  each  contain- 
ing gr.  j  of  carbolic  acid.  A.,  Carb.,  Unguent,  con- 
tains acid  10,  ointment  90  parts.  A.,  Carbol.,  Injectio 
Hypoderm.,  2-5  per  cent. ,  for  anthrax  ,  and  erysipelas. 
A.,  Carbonic  (C02),  carbon  dioxid;  a  product  of 
combustion;     a    colorless,   transparent,   odorless    gas, 


heavier  than  air;   incapable  of  sustaining  respiration. 

It  is  eliminated   b\   the-  lungs,  and  when   retained  in 
the    system    gives    rise    to   cyanosis.     A.,    Carminic 
1  17HJBO10),  ;  matter  found  in  the  buds  of  cer- 

tain   plants,   and    especially   in   cochii  insect 

inhabiting    different    varieties    of    cactus.       It    is    an 
amorphous  purple-red   m  readily   soluble   in 

water  and  alcohol.  Yields  red  salt-  with  the  alkalies. 
A.,  Cathartinic,  an  active  principle  from  several 
species  <>l  (  a  ia.  It  occurs  in  brown  hygroscopic 
scales.  Used  as  a  laxative  in  doses  of  gr.  iv-vj. 
A.,  Cerebrinic  1  <  ,,l  ln  V  ).),  an  acid  found  in  the 
brain  and  belonging  to  the  group  called  cerebrinacid 
A.,  Cerotic  (<  1 1  ,<  l,j  \jajpor6c,  waxy],  a  fatty  acid, 
existing  in  the  free  state  in  beeswax,  and  combined 
with  ceryl  as  an  ether  in  Chinese  wax.  It  crystallizes 
from  alcohol  in  delicate  needles,  melting  at  J&°.  A., 
Chelidonic  (C7H406),  occurs  together  with  malic 
acid  in  Chelidonium  majus.  Crystallizes  in  silky 
needles  with  one  molecule  of  water,  and  melts  at  _'20°. 
A.,  Chloracetic  \chlorin  and  acetic"],  an  lied 

also  Monochloracetic  acid,  produced  bj  the  substitution 
of  chlorin  for  the  hydrogen  of  the  radicle  in  acetic- 
acid.  It  is  sometimes  used  as  a  caustic.  A..  Chloric 
(HClOj),  an  acid  known  only  in  its  compounds  and 
its  aqueous  solution.  Some  of  its  compounds,  the 
chlorates,  are  of  great  service  in  medicine.  A.,  Cho- 
lalic.  See  ./.,  Ckolic.  A.,  Cholic  'C.H,' 
Cholalic  Acid,  from  glycocholic  and  taurocholic  acids; 
crystallizes  from  hot  water  in  small  anhydrous  prism-. 
sparingly  soluble  in  water,  and  melting  at  195°-  A.. 
Choloidinic,  derived  from  Cholalic  Acid,  and  proba- 
bly a  mixture  of  this  with  dyslysin  ;  all  three  decomp<  isi- 
tion  products  of  bile  acids.  A.,  Chromic,  strictly 
the  compound  H2Cr(  >, ;  chromium  trioxid  combined 
with  water;  it  forms  salts  called  chromates.  In 
most  books  the  chromium  trioxid,  Cr03,  is  tailed  by 
this  name.  It  is  a  crystalline  solid,  and  is  a  useful 
escharotic  for  the  destruction  of  syphilitic  warts  and 
similar  growths.  A  solution  of  I  :  40  is  used  as  an 
antiseptic  wash  for  putrid  sores  and  wounds.  A., 
Chrysanisic  (C7H5N306),  an  acid  forming  golden- 
yellow  crystals,  used  in  the  preparation  of  certain 
anilin  dyes.  It  melts  at  2590  and  sublimes.  A.. 
Chrysenic  (C17H1203),  produced  when  chrysene  is 
fused  with  caustic  alkali.  Forms  silver- white  leaflets 
and  melts  at  1860.  A.,  Chrysophanic  ((',  I 
Rheinic  Acid,  exists  in  the  lichen,  Parmelia  pari, Una. 
in  senna  leaves,  and  in  the  rhubarb  root.  Crystallizes 
in  golden  yellow  needles  or  prisms,  melting  at  162°. 
SeeCArysarofiin.  A.,Cinchoninic  1  C,,I  I,  \  (C02H  . 
produced  by  oxidizing  cinchonin  with  potassium  per- 
manganate, or  HNO3.  (rystallizes  in  needles, 
taining  2H.,0,  in  thick  prisms,  or  plates,  with  2H2<  >; 
melts  at  2540.  A..  Cinnamic  (C9H862),  occurs  in 
Peru  and  Tolu  balsams,  in  storax,  and  in  some  benzoin 
resins.  Crystallizes  from  hot  water  in  tine  need 
from  alcohol  in  thick  prisms  ;  is  odorless,  melts  at  133°  ; 
soluble  in  hot  water  and  in  alcohol.  It  has  been 
used  in  tuberculosis,  both  internally  and  externally. 
Dose  rr\  j-x,hypodermatically.  A..  Citric  (C6H80,  . 
occurs  free  in  lemons,  black  currants,  bilberry,  beets, 
and  in  various  acid  fruits.  It  crystallizes  with  one 
molecule  of  water  in  large  rhombic  prisms,  which  melt 
at  IOO°,  are  colorless,  inodorous,  and  extremely  sharp 
in  taste.  It  is  used  as  a  discharge  in  calico-printing. 
It  is  refrigerant,  antiseptic,  and  diuretic.  A..  Comanic 
(C,;!!,!  )( i,  obtained  from  chelidonic  acid  by  the  loss  of 
carbon  dioxid.  It  dissolves  with  difficulty  in  water; 
melts  at  2500.  A.,  Comenic  |  I .',  1 1  ,<  •  ,  is  produced  by 
heating  meconic  acid  to  120-2000.  It  is  rather  inso- 
luble in  water  and  crystallizes  in   hard,  warty  masses. 


ACID 


30 


ACID 


A.,  Coumalic  ',.'1,'',  ■  identical  with  comanic 
acid.  Produced  when  malic  acid  i-  heated  together 
with  concentrated  H.so,;  dissolves  with  difficulty  in 

cold  water  and  imh-  with  decomposition  at  2060.  A., 
Coumaric  ((  ,H8<  '  .  an  acid  derived  from  coumarin 
and  intimatel}  related  to  salicylic  acid,  being  converted 
int< >  the  latter  by  fusion  with  potassium  hydrate.  A., 
Coumarilic  '  ,H60  .  a  monobasic  acid  obtained 
from  oumarin  dibromid ;  crystallizes  from  hot  water 
in  delicate  needles,  melting  at  i«)o°;  moderately  solu- 
ble in  water  and  extremely  soluble  in  alcohol.  A., 
Crenic    I  .  a   spring],  an   acid    found    in   certain 

spring  \\ater>  and  also  in  vegetable  mould  and  in 
ochreous  deposits.  A.,  Cresolsulphuric  (i.ll.u  v 
i  L.<  dl  i.  exists  in  the  urine  in  small  traces;  also  found 
in  the  urine  of  herbivorous  animals.  A.,  Cresylic. 
A.,  Croconic  (C5H205),  is  produced 
by   the    alkaline    oxidation    of    most    of    the    hexa- 

iimted  benzene-derivatives  :  crystallizes  in  sul- 
phur-yellow  leaflets,  readily  soluble  in  water  and 
alcohol;  has  an  acid  taste  and  reaction.  A., 
Cumic  (< . "„,1 1, .,(  )..),  is  produced  by  the  oxidation  of 
cuminic  alcohol  with  dilute  HNOs.  Very  soluble  in 
water  and  alcohol,  crystallizes  in  colorless  needles  or 
leaflets,  melts  at  no°,  and  boils  at  about  2900.  A  , 
Cyanic  (CONH),  obtained  by  heating  polymeric 
cyanuric  acid.  It  is  a  mobile,  volatile  liquid,  only 
stable-  below  O0;  reacts  strongly  acid ;  has  an  odor  like 
that  of  glacial  acetic  acid  ;  vesicates  the  skin;  dissolvi  s 
in  alcohols.  A.,  Cyanuric.  See  A. ,  Tricyariic. 
A..  Damalic  K',.,1  I.J  *2),  [<*" "<///</,  heifer],  has  been 
obtained  from  the  urine  of  cows  and  horses,  and  from 
human  urine.  A.,  Damaluric  (C7H1202)  [lU'tfin/ir, 
heifer;  ovpov,  urine],  an  oily  compound,  derivable 
from  the  urine  of  cattle  and  of  mankind.  A.,  Desox- 
alic   (I    H60  en  in  large,  shining  crystals,  that 

melt  at  S50.  A.,  Diacetic  (C4H6<  >.,),  an  acid  present 
in  the  urine  in  some  diseased  conditions,  e.  g.,  aceton- 
uria.  With  a  solution  of  ferric  chorid  it  gives  a  Bur- 
gundy-red color.  A.,  Durylic  (C]0H12O2),  obtained 
by  the  oxidation  of  durene  ;  crystallizes  in  hard  prisms 
and  melts  at  115°.  A.,  Elaidic  1  1  ',  J  1  ..,<  ».),  afatty  acid. 
produced  by  the  action  of  nitrous  acid  on  oleic  acid. 
Isomeric  with  the  latter.  Consists  of  brilliant  leaflets, 
melting  at  44-450.  A.,  Ellagic  (CuH809),  occurs 
in  the  bezoar  stones  fan  intestinal  calculus  of  the 
Pi  rsian  goat).  Occurs  in  the  form  of  a  powder  con- 
taining I  molecule  of  water  of  crystallization.  Insoluble 
in  water ;  light  pale  yellow  in  color;  tasteless.  A., 
Enanthylic,  or  CEnanthylic  \oivafh},  wine  flower, 
a  plant  [oivog,  wine ;  flower);   <'>//.  principle], 

a  complex  ether  formed  by  the  action  of  nitric  acid  on 
fatty   substances,   especially    castor   oil.      A.,    Erucic 

!!  'i  .  present  as  glycerid  in  rape-seed  oil  and 
in  the  fatty  oil  of  mustard.  Prepared  by  saponifying 
rape-seed  oil  with  lead  oxid.  <  Irystallizes  from  alcohol 
in  long  needles  that  melt  at  33-340.  A.,  Euchroic 
(C,2H4N208),  an  amid  of  mellitic  acid,  produced  by 
dry  distillation  of  the  ammonium  salt.  It  crystallizes  in 
large  prisms  and  is  sparingly  soluble  in  water.  A., 
Eugenic.  See  Eugenol.  A.,  Euxanthinic  (<',„' '|H" 
<»,,),  Porrisic  Acid,  occurs  as  a  magnesium  salt  in 
so-called  purrte,  a  yellow  coloring  matter  from  India 
and  China.  Crystallizes  from  alcohol  inyellowpri 
with  1 1  .<  >.  A.,  Everninic  (C9H10O4),  produced  <>n 
boiling  evernic  acid  ((  |7H,gO,  (from  Evernia 
prunasiri,  a  lichen  formerlj  :  d  in  dyeing  and 

for  making  a  hair  powder),  with  baryta.      It   mell 
1570.    A.,  Ferulic  (C10H10O  ponds  to  vanillin. 

It  is  found  in  asafetida,  from  which  it  may  be  obtained 
by  precipitation  with  lead  acetate.  It  is  very  soluble 
in  hot  water,  crystallizes  in  shining  needles  or  prisms, 


and  nulls  at  1690.  A.,  Filicic.  the  main  ingredient 
of  Male  Fern.  It  is  a  white  crystalline  powder 
with  slight  taste  and  odor,  insoluble  in  water.  A., 
Fluoric  III  i.  gaseous  and  soluble  in  water,  a  strong 
escharotic.  The  dilute  acid,  1  :  -<*>,  is  used  as  an 
internal  remedy  in  goiter.  Dose  m^xx-xxx.  A., 
Formic  (<  I  1  .<  >.,  1 ,  an  acid  obtained  from  a  fluid 
emitted  by  ants  when  irritated  ;  also  found  in  stinging 
nettles,  in  shoots  of  the  pine,  and  in  various  animal 
set  retions.  Prepared  by  heating  oxalic  acid  and  gly- 
cerin. It  is  a  colorless,  mobile  fluid,  with  a  pungent 
odor,  and  vesicates  the  skin  if  dropped  upon  it.  It 
boils  at  990  and  at  o°  has  a  sp.  gt.  of  1. 223.  A., 
Galactonic.  See  A.,  Lactonic.  A.,  Gallic  (C-Ha 
05),  occurs   free   in  gall  nuts,  in   tea,  in   the   fruit   of 

alpinia coriaria, mangoes,  and  various  other  plants. 
Obtained  from  ordinary  tannic  acid  by  boiling  it  with 
dilute  acids.  Crystallizes  in  fine,  silky  needles,  con- 
taining one  molecule  of  water.  Dissolves  slowly  in 
water  and  readily  in  alcohol  and  ether;  has  a  faintly 
acid,  astringent  taste;  melts  near  2200.  Astringent 
and  disinfectant;  useful  in  night  sweats,  diabetes,  and 
chronic  diarrhea.  A.,  Gallic,  Unguent,  benzoated 
lard  90,  gallic  acid  10.  A.,  Pyrogaffic  (unofficial), 
obtained  from  gallic  acid  by  heating  the  latter.  Recom 
mended  locally  in  phagedenic  chancres  as  an  antisep- 
tic and  disinfectant  in  l-2j^  percent,  solutions.  I  >ose, 
internally,  gr.  j-ij.  A.,  Gluconic  (C6HH07),  is 
formed  by  the  oxidation  of  dextrose,  cane  sugar, 
dextrin,  starch,  and  maltose  with  chlorin  o»  bromin 
water.  Most  readily  obtained  from  glucose.  It  is 
dextro-rotatory,  but  does  not  reduce  Fehling's  solution. 
It  melts  at  2000.  A.,  Glutaric  (C5H804),  normal 
pyrotartaric  acid.  Crystallizes  in  large  monoclinic 
plates,  melts  at  970,  and  distils  at  3030,  at  140  soluble 
in  1.2  part  of  water.  A.,  Glycocholic  i «  " , , .  1 1 , .  "N  <  l6), 
a  monobasic  acid  found  in  bile;  sparingly  soluble  in 
water;  crystallizes  in  minute  needles,  melting  at  133°. 
A.,  Glycollic  (C2H403),  Oxyacetic  Acid,  produced 
by  the  action  of  nascent  hydrogen  upon  oxalic  acid. 
It  is  a  thick  syrup  that  gradually  crystallizes  on  stand- 
ing over  sulphuric  acid  ;  the  crystals  melt  at  8o°  and 
deliquesce  in  the  air.  It  dissolves  easily  in  water,  in 
alcohol,  and  in  ether.  A.,  Glycoluric  (CsH6N208), 
Hydanti  h  .  Icid,  prepared  by  heating  urea  with  glycocoll 
to  1200.  It  is  a  monobasic  acid  ;  very  soluble  in  hoi 
water  and  in  alcohol.  Crystallizes  in  large,  rhombic 
prisms.  A.,  Glycuronic  ((',.1  !,„<  >.).  obtained  by 
decomposing  euxanthic  acid  on  boiling  with  dilute 
II„S<  \.  It  is  a  syrup  that  decomposes  readily  into  the 
lactone,  (.',.1 1 „<  >,.,  on  wanning.  It  is  levo-rotatory. 
This  acid  has  been  found  in  urine;  it  probably  does 
not  exist  in  normal  urine  ;  but  it  appears  after 
taking  certain  drugs,  as  benzol,  indol,  nitro-benzol, 
and  the  quinin  derivatives.  A.,  Glyoxylic  ( (  ., I  T  ' 
obtained  by  oxidizing  glycol,  alcohol,  and  aldehyd. 
It  is  a  thick  liquid,  readily  soluble  in  water.  Crystal- 
lizes in  rhombic  prisms  by  long  standing  over  sulphuric 

1.  A.,  Guanido-Acetic.  See  Glycocyamin. 
A.,  Gynocardic  (<  ](l  l„,<  U,  derived  from  the  see, Is 
of  the  Gynocardia  odorata.  It  occurs  as  a  yellowish 
oily  substam  1  melting  al  30°  C.  (86°  !•'.),  with  a  dis- 
tinct odor  and  ai  id  taste.  Used  as  an  antisyphilitic 
and  antirheumatic.  Dosegr.  ,'i-iij.  Used  externally 
as    a    liniment     11     to     10    or    20).       A.,    Haloids 

'  id  /m,'  .  .  derivatives  that  arise  in  the 
rep]  I   of  the    hydroxy]   of  acids   by  halogens. 

They  are    liquids   of  sharp  odor,  fuming  in   the   air 
and    undergoing    transformation  into  acids  and  halo- 
gen   hydrids.     They  are   heavier  than  water.     They 
decompose   at  ordinary   temperatures,  forming  aci 
A.,    Hemipinic    (C10H10O6),     formed     by    oxidizing 


ACID 


31 


ACID 


narcotin  with  dilute  HNOs.  Melts  at  1820.  A., 
Hesperetinic  (Cj0H10O4),  obtained  from  the  gluco- 
side  nesperidin.  Melts  at  2280.  A.,  Hippunc  i<  ,1 1  , 
V  1.)  \_i~-og,  horse;  ol^xw,  urine].  Benzoyl  Glycocoll, 
occurs  in  considerable  amount  in  the  urine  of  herbi- 
vorous animals,  sometimes  in  that  of  man.  Crystallizes 
in  rhombic  prisms,  and  dissolves  readily  in  hot  water 
and  alcohol.  It  melts  at  1S70.  Its  salts  (hippurates 
of  lime,  lithium,  and  sodium)  are  regarded  as  good 
solvents  of  the  urates,  and  are  recommended  in  gout, 
rheumatism,  and  calculous  diseases,  hose  grs.  iv- 
xvj.  Unof.  A.,  Hircic,  a  peculiar-smelling  acid 
contained  in  goat's  milk.  A.,  Homogentisic,  an 
acid  separated  by  Baumann  from  highly  colored  urine, 
believed  to  be  formed  by  the  action  of  bacteria  on 
the  tyrosin  normally  found  in  pancreatic  digestion. 
A.,  Homophthalic  (C9H804),  obtained  by  fusing 
gamboge  with  caustic  potash.  Crystallizes  from 
hot  water  in  stout  prisms,  melting  at  175°-  A., 
Hydantoic.  Sec  .-/.,  Glycoluric.  A.,  Hydriodic 
(III),  Acidum  Hydriodicum :  a  gaseous  acid.  Its 
solution  and  a  syrup  prepared  from  it  are  used  as  alter- 
atives, with  the  general  effects  of  iodin.  Unof.  A., 
Hydrobromic  (HBr)  ;  the  dilute  acid,  which  is  the 
chief  form  used,  consists  of  10  per  cent,  acid  and  90 
per  cent,  water.  A  good  solvent  for  quinin.  Useful 
in  hysteria,  congestive  headaches,  and  neuralgia.  Is 
recommended  as  a  substitute  for  potassium  and  sodium 
bromids.  Dose  mjcx-gij.  A.,  Hydrocaffeic  (C9- 
H,0O«),  obtained  from  caffeic  acid  by  the  action  of 
sodium  amalgam.  A.,  Hydrochloric,  Muriatic  Acid 
1  1 IC1 ).  a  liquid  consisting  of  31 .9  per  cent,  of  HO  gas 
in  68. 1  per  cent,  of  water.  Colorless,  pungent,  and  in- 
tensely acid.  Valuable  as  an  aid  to  digestion.  A., 
Hydrochloric,  Dilute,  a  ten  per  cent,  solution  of  ab- 
solute acid  in  water.  Dose  mjij-x.  A.,  Hydrocin- 
namic  (C6H5.(CH2)2C02H),  Phenyl-propionic  Acid, 
obtained  by  the  action  of  sodium  amalgam  upon 
cinnamic  acid.  Very  soluble  in  hot  water  and  alcohol ; 
crystallizes  in  needles,  melts  at  470,  and  distils  at  2800. 
A.,  Hydrocyanic,  Dilute  (HCN),  Prussic  Acid,  a 
liquid  consisting  of  two  per  cent,  of  the  acid  with  98 
per  cent,  of  water  and  alcohol.  Generally  prepared 
by  the  action  of  H.,S04  on  potassium  ferrocyanid. 
It  is  a  mobile  liquid,  of  a  sp.  gr.  of  .697  at  lS°  ; 
becomes  crystalline  at  — 150;  boils  at  -(-26.5°;  pos- 
sesses an  odor  like  that  of  bitter  almonds  ;  is  extremely 
poisonous  ;  a  feeble  acid.  Prussic  acid  is  found  in  the 
bitter  almond,  the  leaves  of  the  peach,  and  in  the 
cherry  laurel,  from  the  leaves  of  which  it  is  distilled. 
It  is  the  most  violent  poison  known,  death  from  com- 
plete asphyxia  being  almost  instantaneous.  Valuable 
for  its  sedative  and  antispasmodic  effects  in  vomiting, 
whooping-cough,  and  spasmodic  affections.  Dose 
mj-v.  The  following  preparations  are  employed : 
Aqua  Laurocerasi,  water  distilled  from  the  leaves  of 
the  cherry  laurel.  Dose  rriv-xxx,  with  caution. 
Scheelcs  Dilute  Hydrocyanic  Acid,  is  a  4  or  5  per  cent, 
solution;  dangerous.  Amygdala  Amara,  oil  of  bitter 
almond  ;  used  in  cosmetics.  A.,  Hydrocyanic,  Vapor, 
n\  x-xv  of  dilute  acid  in  5JJ  of  water,  wanned  and 
the  vapor  inhaled  to  relieve  irritable  coughs.  A., 
Hydrofluoric  iHF),  an  aqueous  solution  of  hydro- 
fluoric gas,  administered  in  dilute  form  as  an  inhalation 
in  phthisis  and  goiter.  See  Fluorin.  A.,  Hydro- 
sulphuric  (H,S),  an  acid  which,  both  in  its  pure  and 
gaseous  form  and  in  its  watery  solution,  is  much  used 
as  a  chemical  reagent.  The  gas  has  been  employed 
by  inhalation  and  by  rectal  injection  in  cases  of  tuber- 
culosis. (See  Bergeron's  Method.)  Called  also  Hydro- 
gen Sulfid  and  Sulfydric  Acid.  A.,  Hydrurilic 
(CgHgN^  ',.  i,  obtained  by  decomposing  the  copper  salt 


with  IICI.     Occurs  in  little  prisms.     A.,  Hyperosmic. 
/  ,    Osmic.       A.,   Hypochlorous    (HCIO),    an 
unstable   compound,  important   as    a  disinfecting    and 
bleaching  agent.    Some  oi   il  te  hypochloi 

have  a  limited  use  in  medicine.  A.,  Hypophos- 
phorous  (HgP02),  its  salts  (hypophosphites),  also  the 
dilute  at  id,  and  a  syrup  prepared  with  it,  are  used  as 
remedial  agents.  (See  Calcii  Hypophosphis,  Jerri 
Hypopkosphis,  Sodii  Hypophosphi  ,  /'  ta  Hi  /fypophos- 
phis).  A.,  Igasuric,  an  acid  occurring  in  St.  Igna- 
tius I  lean  and  certain  other  plants  (  ontaining  stryt  lmia. 
It  occurs  in  small,  hard  crystals  with  an  acid,  astrin- 
gent  taste.  A.,  Indoxylic  (CgH7N03),  produced 
from    its   ethyl   ester  by  fusion    with   caw  :  a   at 

1800.  Appears  as  a  white  crystalline  mass,  melting 
at  1230.  A.,  Iodic  11111  :,  a  monobasic  acid.  Its 
solution  (two  per  cent.)  has  been  recommended  as 
an  alterative  subcutaneous  injection.  A.,  Isopropyl 
Succinic.  See  ./  Pimelic.  A.,  Isosaccharic 
H]0O8),  an  acid  very  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol, 
forming  rhombic  crystals,  and  melting  at  I.S50.  Its 
solution  is  dextro-rotatory.  A.,  Kephalo-phosphoric, 
a  brain-acid  differing  from  ordinary  phosphoric  acid 
in  that  three  molecules  of  its  hydroxy]  are  replaced 
by  one  molecule  each  of  kepalyl,  stearyl,  and  gly 
ceryl.  A.,  Lactic  (HCsH503),  a  liquid  containing 
75  per  cent,  of  absolute  acid  in  25  per  cent,  of 
water.  Produced  in  the  fermentation  of  milk.  Gen- 
erally found  impure  from  subsequent  fermentation, 
except  when  freshly  made.  Useful  in  aiding  digestion, 
in  diabetes,  and  as  a  solvent  of  false  membrane  in 
diphtheria.  Dose  Jss-^ss.  A  .  I  \ctic,  Dil.,  (B.  1' 
Dose  JJss— ij.  A.,  Lactonic  (C6H,207),  Galactonic 
Acid,  produced  from  milk-sugar,  galactose,  and  gum 
arabic  by  the  action  of  bromin  water.  It  crystallizes, 
on  standing  over  1 1  ,S< ">4,  in  small  needles.  A.,  Leu- 
conic  (C505 -f- 4H2C),  an  acid  produced  by  oxidiz- 
ing croconic  acid  with  HN03  or  chlorin.  Very 
soluble  in  water;  occurs  in  small,  colorless  needles. 
A.,  Levulinicit '  \  I.<  >..  1,  obtained  from  levulose,  cellu- 
lose, cane-sugar,  etc.  Isomeric  with  methyl  aceto- 
acetic  acid;  dissolves  readily  in  water,  alcohol,  and 
ether;  crystallizes  in  scales  that  melt  at  33-5°;  boils 
with  slight  decomposition  at  2390.  A.,  Linoleic 
(C](J  1 ,.(  >,\  occurs  as  glycerid  in  drying  oils,  such  as 
linseed  oil,  hemp  oil,  poppy  oil,  and  nut  oil.  Pre- 
pared by  saponifying  linseed  oil  with  potash.  It 
is  a  yellowish  oil  that  has  a  sp.  gr.  of  0.921.  A., 
Maizenic,  an  acid  derived  from  the  stigmata  (silk) 
of  Indian  corn  ;  said  to  be  a  good  diuretic.  Unof. 
A.,  Malic  (C,1 1(.( >.),  a  bibasic  acid,  occurring  free  or  in 
the  form  of  salts  in  many  plant  juices,  in  unripe  appl 
in  grapes,  and  in  mountain-ash  berries.  It  forms  de- 
liquescent crystals,  that  dissolve  readily  in  alcohol, 
slightly  in  ether,  and  melt  at  Ioo°  ;  it  has  a  pleasant 
acid  taste.  A.,  Malonic  (C3H4Ot),  occurs  in  the 
deposit  found  in  the  vacuum  pan-  employed  in  the  1 
sugar  manufacture  ;  obtained  by  the  oxidation  of  malic 
acid  with  chromic  acid  ;  crystallizes  in  large  tables 
or  laminae  ;  easily  soluble  in  water,  alcohol,  and 
ether  ;  melts  at  13 2°  ;  at  higher  temperatures  it  decom- 
poses into  acetic  acid  and  carbon  dioxid.  A.,  Man- 
delic  iC,II,(  11  OH  .C02H  .  1-  formed  from  ben- 
zaldehyd  by  the  action  of  prussic  acid  and  HC1. 
(  >btained  naturally  from  amygdalin  ;  is  levo-rotat 
and  forms  brilliant  crystals,  melting  at  132. S°.  A., 
Mannitic  (C6H1207),  obtained  by  the  action  of  plati- 
num black  upon  aqueous  mannitol.  It  is  a  very  solu- 
ble, gummy  mass,  and  reduces  Fehling's solution.  A., 
Mannonic  (C6H1207),  produced  by  oxidizing  man- 
nose  with  bromin  water.  A.,  Meconic  C.il  < 
a  tribasic  acid,  occurring  in  opium  in  union  with  mor- 


A<  II  > 


ACID 


phin.     Crystallizes    with    3H,0    in    white    laminae, 

readily  soluble  in  hot  water  and  alcohol.  Ferric  salts 
color  the  acid  solution-  dark  red.  A.,  Melilotic 
((  ,1^  ill  .(  ill  <  i  i.l  I  .  ..cur-  Tree  and  m  com 
liination  with  coumarin  in  the  yellow  melilot  Crys 
tallizes  in  long  needles,  dissolves  easily  in  hot  water, 
and  melts  at  8l°.  A.,  Mellitic  i  ^ ' , . 1 1 , , <  I,,),  occur-  in 
mellite  or  honey  -tone,  which  is  found  in  some  lignite 
beds.  Honey  -tone  i-  an  aluminium  salt  of  mellitic 
acid,  CjjAl^l  i,,  --  i > 1 1  *  >.  and  affords  large  quadratic 
pyramids  of  a  bright  yellow  color.  Mellitic  acid  crys- 
tallizes in  fine,  silky  needles,  readily  soluble  in  water  and 
alcohol;    has   a   -our.  hitter  taste.      A.,  Mellophanic 

;  I  i  '  i  1 1  .  formed  by  the  oxidation  of  isodurene. 
\  rj  soluble  in  cold  water  and  crystallizes  in  small 
prisms.  Melts  at  2400.  A.,  Mesidic.  See  A, 
('  A.,   Mesitylenic    (<  ',,1  !,„<  >._,),    obtained    by 

Lually  oxidizing  mesitylene  with  dilute  HNO« 
Crystalli/e-  from  alcohol  in  large  prisms,  from  water 
in  needles.  Melts  at  l66°  and  sublimes  very  readily. 
A..  Metaphosphoric  (HPOs),  a  glassy  -olid,  not 
volatile  by  heat.  It  is  freely  soluble  in  cold  water, 
and  is  converted  by  boiling  into  orthophosphoric 
acid.  Used  as  a  test  for  albumin  in  the  urine.  A., 
Metasaccharic  I  HI0O8),  produced  by  oxidizing 
arabinose  carboxylic  acid  with  HN03.  Melt-  at  68° 
when  air  dried.  A.,  Mucic  (C6H10<  K).  is  obtained  in 
the  oxidation  of  dulcitol,  milk-sugar,  galactose,  galac- 
tonic  acid  and  nearly  all  the  gum  varieties.      A  white 

-talline  powder,  almost  insoluble  in  cold  water  and 
alcohol.  It  melts  at  2100  with  decomposition.  A., 
Muriatic.  See  .  /. ,  Hydrochloric.  A.,  Myronic  [fibpov, 
unguent]  (C10H19NS2O,0) ,  an  acid  that  occurs  as  a 
potassium  salt  in  I  of  black  mustard.  Crystallizes 

from  water  in  bright  needles.      A.,  Nitric  (HN(  ',),  a 
liquid  consisting  of  68  per  cent,   absolute  acid  in  32 

cent,  of  water.  The  pure  acid  is  colorless,  fum- 
ing, and  highly  caustic.      A  very  powerful  escharotic, 

i  in  cauterization  of  chancres  and  phagedenic 
ulcer-.  A.,  Nit.,  Dilute,  contain-  ten  percent,  abso- 
lute acid.  Dose  n\tfj-xv,  well  diluted.  A.,  Nitro- 
hydrochloric.  Aqua  Regia,  a  golden  yellow,  fuming 
mixture  of  four  part-  nitric  and  15  of  hydrochloric  acid. 
A  ready  solvent  of  gold.  Valuable  in  affections  of  the 
liver.      Dose  n\y-.xx,  very  dilute.      A.,   Noropianic 

il,'|  1,  is  obtained  from  opianic  acid  by  heating 
with  hydriodic  acid.  Readily  soluble  in  water;  melt- 
ing at  1 71  ° .  A.,  Oleic  i»',JI  ;1< '._,),  a  constituent 
acid  present  in  many  fats  and  oils.  <  obtained  in  the 
manufacture  of  stearin  candles.  Soluble  in  alcohol, 
benzol,  and  the  essential  oils;  insoluble  in  water. 
Saponifies  when  heated  with  alkaline  bases.  Used  in 
making  the  oleates.  It  is  a  colorless  oil  that  crystal- 
lizes on  cooling.  Melts  at  [40.  Odorless  in  a  pure 
condition,  but  becomes  rancid  on  exposure  to  the  air. 
A.,  Opianic  (Cj0H,0O5),  dimethyl  ether  of  noropianic 
acid.  Crystallize-  from  hot  water  in  fine  prism 
ing  at  1500.  A.,  Orsellinic  (C8H804),  1-  found  in 
different    lichens    of    the    genera     A'  ind     /■ 

canora.     Consists  of  easily  soluble  prisms,  melting  at 
176°.      A.,    Ortho-oxybenzoic.      See  A.    Salicylic. 
A.,  Orthophosphoric  (II.I'i  >,i,  ordinary  phosphoric 
distinguished  from  metaphosphoric  and  pyro 
phosphoric  acids.     A.,  Osmic    (0s04),  thi    oxide  "I 
osmium,  one  of  the  rarer  elements  ;   it  occur-  as  yellow 
crystal-,  acrid,  burning,  yielding  an  intensely  irritating 
vapor;  it  has  been  recommended  for  hypodermatic  use 
in  sciatica,  strumous  glands,  and  cancer.     A.,  Osmic, 
Liq.,one  per  cent.     Dose  rr^iv— vj,hypodermatically  for 
sciatica,  neuralgia,  etc.     J'o/11    ium  0  mat:     K  ,1  ls(  »,  • 
2I I  .<  1 1.  given  in  epilepsy.      I  lose  gr.  ,.', .     A.,  Oxalic 
(C.jl.1',!,    a   colorless   crystalline    solid    obtained    by 


treating  sawdust  with  caustic  soda  and  potash.     It  oc- 
curs in  many  plants  chiefly  as  potassium  oxalate ;  with 

two  pan-  of  water,  it  crystallizes  in  fine,  transparent 
monoclinic  prisms  that  at  20°  effloresce  in  dry  air  and 

fall  in  a  while  powder.  It  is  soluble  in  nine  parts  of 
water  at  moderate  temperature  and  quite  easily  in  al- 
cohol. In  ',  gr.  doses  a  depressant  to  respiratory 
center-.  In  large  doses  a  violent  poison.  Unof.  A., 
Oxamic  (<  '.,<  >,i  \'l  I  ,<  >1 1 1 1,  a  monobasic  acid  occurring 
as  a  crystalline  powder  that  dissolves  with  difficulty  in 
cold  water  and  melts  at  173°.  A.,  Oxyacetic.  See.-/., 
Glycollic.  A.,  Oxycitric  (CgHgOg),  i-  produced  by 
boiling  chlorcitric  acid  with  alkalies  or  water.  A.,  Oxy- 
uvitic  |C,,l[s(  )),  is  produced  by  the  action  of  chloro- 
form upon  sodium  at cto  at  en,  ester.  Crystallizes  from 
hot  water  in  fine  needles,  and  melts  with  decomposition 
at  about  2900.  A.,  Palmitic  (<  ',,.11  ,,<  ».,  1.  an  acid  exist 
ing  as  a  glycerin  ether  in  palm  nil  and  in  most  of  the 
solid  fats.  It  form-  fine,  white  needles,  or  pearly  crys- 
talline scales.  A.,  Palmitolic  i< ',,.1 1  j  >.i.  an  acid 
that  i-  isomeric  with  linoleic  acid  ;  melts  at  420.  A., 
Palmitoxylic  (<  ',,;I  I.Jh<  >,),  a  monobasic  acid,  produced 
from  palmitolic  acid  on  heating  with  fuming  lIN'i. 
Melts  at  670.  A.,  Paracresotic  (C8H9Os),  a  pre 
paration  from  paracresylol.  It  is  employed  usually  in 
the  form  of  its  sodium  -alt,  (  „ll7\a<  >3,  which  is  a  safe 
and  reliable  antipyretic.  It  is  especially  of  service  in 
the  rheumatism  of  children.  Dose,  to  children,  gr.  ij- 
iij  ;  to  adults  up  to  gij.  Unof.  A.,  Paralactic.  See  .4., 
Sarcolactic.  A.,  Paratartaric.  See  A.,  Racemic.  A., 
Pelargonic  (C,,I  !,„<  >._,),  a  complex  ether  that  imparts 
the  specific  flavor  to  geranium  an.l  certain  other 
aromatic  oils.  A.,  Perosmic.  Same  as  ./.,  Osmic. 
A.,  Phenylacetic  (C6HvCH2.C02H ),  Alphatoluic 
Acid,  obtained  from  benzyl  cyan  id  when  boiled  with 
alkalies.  Crystallizes  in  shining  leaflets,  resembling 
those  of  benzoic  acid  ;  melts  at  76.50.  and  boils  at 
2620.  It  is  prescribed  in  coughs  and  tuberculosis;  is 
stimulant  and  antihectic.  Dose  of  alcoholic  solution 
gtt.  x-xx.  Unof.  A.,  Phenyl-propionic.  See  A., 
Hydrocinnamic .  A.,  Phenyl  Sulphate,  a  solution  of 
three  gramme.-  of  phenol  in  20  c.c.  of  strong  sulphurii 
acid.  Used  for  the  detection  of  nitrates  in  wati  1 
A..  Phosphoric  (H3P04),  Orthophosphorii  //./.con- 
tain.- 50  per  cent,  each  of  acid  and  water.  <  )f  value  in 
strumous  affections,  and  thought  to  be  serviceable  in 
dissolving  phosphatic  deposits.  I  la-  none  of  the  1  RFei  1- 
derived  from  free  phosphorus  or  the  hypophosphiti  - 
A.,  Phosphoric,  Dilute,  contain-  ten  per  cent,  of 
absolute  acid.  Dose  tTLv-xxx.  See  Sodium,  Potas- 
sium, Calcium,  etc.  A.,  Phosphorous  (ILI't),),  a 
compound  of  hydrogen  with  phosphorus  and  hydro- 
gen with  phosphorus  anhydrid.  It-  salts  are 
called  phosphites.  A.,  Phthalic  (C8H604),  the  or- 
tho-dicarboxylic  acid  of  benzene,  obtained  by  oxidiz- 
ing naphthalene  with  HNOj.  It  crystallizes  in  short 
prisms  or  in  leaflets  readil)  soluble  in  hot  water,  alco- 
hol, and  ether.  It  melt- at  above200°.  See  Phihalate. 
A.,  Picric  (<  ',.11  ,(N02)3OH  1,  obtained  by  the  nitration 
of  phenol.  It  crystallizes  from  hot  water  and  alcohol 
in  yellow  leaflets  or  prisms  which  possess  a  very  bitter 
Readily  soluble  in  hot  water,  its  solution  im- 
parting a  beautiful  yellow  color  to  silk  and  wool.  It 
melts  at  122. 50  ;  a  saturated  solution  1-  of  some  value 
1  wash  in  erysipelas.  An  excellent  test  for  albumin 
and  sugar  in  urine.  Dose  gr.  v— xv.  A.,  Pimelic 
|C.II|.,< ),),  [sopropyl Succinic  Acid,  melts  at  1140.  A., 
Piperic  i  < ",., 1 1 ,,/  >,  1 ,  a  monobasii  consisting  ol 

shining  prisms ;  almost  insoluble  in  water,  and  crystal 
lizes  from  alcohol  in  long  needle-,  melting  at  2170.     It 
1-   produced    from    piperin    by    boiling    with    alcoholic 
potash.      A.,   Porrisic.      See   ./.,    Euxan'hinic.     A., 


ACID 


33 


ACID 


Prehnitic  (Cj0H„<  >8),  results  from  oxidizing  prehnitol 
with  potassium  permanganate.  Very  soluble  in  water, 
and  crystallizes  in  warty  masses  that  melt  at  238°.  A., 
Propargylic.  See  A.,  Propiolic.  A.,  Propiolic. 
(C.,II.,<  )._,),  Propargylic  Acid,  a  liquid  with  an  odor  re- 
sembling  that  of  glacial  acetic  acid  ;  when  cool,  it 
solidifies  to  silky  needles,  that  melt  at  -f-  6°;  dissolves 
readily  in  water,  alcohol,  and  ether;  boils  with  de- 
composition  at  1440.  A.,  Protocatechuic  (C7II,.<  >,), 
obtained  from  many  benzene  derivatives  as  well  as 
from  various  resins  (benzoin,  asafetida,  myrrh)  on 
fusion  with  potassium  hydroxid.  Crystallizes  with 
one  molecule  of  water  in  shining  needles  or  leaflets, 
and  dissolves  readily  in  hot  water,  alcohol,  and  ether. 
A.,  Prussic.  See  .-/.,  Hydrocyanic.  A.,  Purpuric 
(C8H5N506),  an  acid  not  known  in  the  free  state, 
-nice  as  soon  as  it  is  liberated  from  its  salts  by  mineral 
acids  it  immediately  decomposes  into  alloxan  and 
uramil.  Produced  by  the  action  of  HNOa  upon  uric 
acid.  A.,  Pyrogallic  (C6H803),  pyrogallol,  formed 
by  heating  gallic  acid  with  water  to  2100  It  forms 
white  leaflets  or  needles,  melts  at  115°,  and  sublimes 
when  carefully  heated.  Readily  soluble  in  water,  less 
so  in  alcohol  and  ether.  It  is  useful  in  the  treatment 
of  certain  skin  diseases,  but  is  poisonous,  and  must  be 
used  with  caution.  A.,  Pyroligneous,  the  crude 
acid  obtained  in  the  destructive  distillation  of  wood. 
It  is  a  clear  liquid  of  reddish-brown  color  and  strong 
acid  taste,  with  a  peculiar  penetrating  odor  described  as 
empyreumatic,  due  largely  to  the  furfurol  it  contains. 
It  possesses  a  sp.  gr.  of  from  1. 018  to  1. 030,  and 
contains  from  four  to  seven  per  cent,  of  real  acetic 
acid.  A.,  Pyromellitic  (C10H6O„),  is  produced  by 
oxidizing  durene  and  durylic  acid  with  potassium  per- 
manganate. Crystallizes  in  prisms,  readily  soluble  in 
hot  water  and  alcohol,  melts  at  2640.  A.,  Pyrophos- 
phoric,  the- dihydric  phosphate  (2H2O.P2Od),  one  of 
the  forms  of  the  so-called  phosphoric  acid.  It  differs 
from  the  ordinary  (trihydric  or  orthophosphoric)  acid, 
and  also  from  the  monohydric,  or  metaphosphoric, 
acid,  in  its  reactions.  It  is  also  poisonous,  which  they 
are  not.  Its  iron  salt  is  used  in  medicine.  The  pure 
acid  is  a  soft,  glassy  mass.  A.,  Pyrotartaric  (C5H8- 
04),  is  obtained  by  heating  tartaric  acid  in  a  close 
vessel ;  consists  of  small,  rhombic  prisms,  readily  solu- 
ble in  water,  in  alcohol,  and  in  ether ;  it  melts  at  112°. 
A.,  Pyruvic  (CgH403),  a  monobasic  acid  forming 
crystalline  compounds  with  the  acid  alkaline  sulphites. 
A.,  Quillaic,  an  acid  existing  in  commercial  sa- 
ponin. Injected  into  the  tissues  it  is  said  to  be  ex- 
tremely poisonous,  though  not  when  taken  by  the 
mouth.  Unof.  A.,  Quinaldinic  (C9H6N(C02H)  ), 
crystallizes  from  hot  water  in  needles  containing 
2H20  ;  effloresces  in  the  air;  melts  at  1560.  Prepared 
by  oxidizing  «-methyl-quinolin  with  chromic  acid  in 
sulphuric  acid  solution.  A.,  Quinic  (C-H1206),  is 
present  in  the  cinchona  barks,  coffee  beans,  bilberry, 
and  other  plants.  Obtained  as  a  secondary  product  in 
the  preparation  of  quinin.  Consists  of  rhombic 
prisms,  easily  soluble  in  water  ;  melting  at  1620.  A., 
Quininic  (C9H5(<  ».CH?)N(C<  >2H)  ),  obtained  byoxi- 
dizing  quinin  and  quinidin  with  chromic  acid  in  sul- 
phuric acid  solution.  Crystallizes  in  long,  yellow 
prisms ;  dissolves  in  alcohol  with  a  blue  fluorescence, 
and  melts  at  2800.  A.,  Racemic  (C4H606),  Para- 
tartaric  Acid,  differing  from  common  tartaric  acid, 
not  in  chemical  but  in  physical  properties.  A., 
Rheinic.  See  .-/.,  Chrysophan'ic.  A.,  Rhodanic 
(CgHjSjON),  obtained  by  the  action  of  CNS(NH4) 
upon  chloracetic  acid.  Consists  of  yellow  prisms,  or 
plates,  that  melt  at  1690  with  decomposition.  A.. 
Ricinoleic  iClt,H340:t),  is  present  in  castor  oil  in  the 
3 


form  of  a  glycerid.  It  is  a  colorless  oil  that  solidifies 
in  the  cold  to  a  hard,  white  mass,  melting  at  16-17°. 
A.,  Rosolic  !< '._,,,! !,,.( »,  1,  a  phenol  compound,  derived 
from  rosanilin ;  valued  as  a  dye  and  as  a  staining 
agent.  See  Stains.  A.,  Rufigallic  1  <  , 1 1 1 _ «  * _  2II,- 
0),  a  derivative  of  anthracene;  obtained  by  heating 
gallic  acid  with  four  part- of  1 1 .,S<  >,  to  140°.  Com 
of  reddish  brown  crystals,  losing  water  at  120°,  and 
subliming  in  red  needles.  A.,  Saccharic.  1.  Acidum 
baricum  (C6H10O8),a  dibasic  acid  ;  a  deliquescent, 
gummy  mass,  readily  soluble  in  alcohol.  It  turns 
brown  at  ioo°  and  decomposes.  Prepared  by  the 
action  of  HN<  >.,  on  sugar  and  various  other  1  arbohy- 
drates.  2.  (C6H1206),  Tetraoxycaproic  Acid,  a  mono- 
basic acid  readily  changeable,  when  free,  into  its 
lactone,  saccharin.  Not  known  in  its  free  state.  A., 
Saccharonic  i<  6H1(>07),  formed  by  oxidizing  sac- 
charin by  ll.\<  '..  Very  soluble  in  water;  forms  large 
crystals.  A.,  Salicylic  (C,H6Oa  .  Ortho-oxybenzoic 
A  id,  occurs  in  a  free  condition  in  the  buds  of  Spircea 
L'lmaria,  in  the  oil  of  wintergreen,  and  in  other  varie- 
ties of  gaultheria.  It  consists  of  four-sided  prisms  and 
crystallizes  readily  from  hot  water  in  long  needles. 
Is  soluble  in  water,  and  very  soluble  in  chloroform  ; 
melts  at  I55°-I56°.  Is  a  powerful  antiseptic ;  also  used 
in  the  treatment  of  acute  articular  rheumatism  and  my- 
algia. A.,  Santoninic  |  Ci:  1 1  ,n<  i(  1 ,  an  acid  into  which 
santonin  is  changed  under  the  influence  of  the  alkalies. 
A.,  Sarcolactic  |C.II,.<> .  1,  occurs  in  muscles,  to 
which  it  gives  their  acid  reaction,  and  in  blood,  espe- 
cially after  the  muscles  have  been  in  a  state  of  contract- 
ing activity.  It  is  also  found  in  urine  in  phosphorus 
poisoning.  A.  Sclerotinic.  An  acid  found  in  ergot, 
of  which  it  is  one  of  the  active  principles.  Given,  \v. 
dermically  it  has  acted  as  an  ecbolic.  See  Sclerotis. 
A.,  Sorbic  (C6H802),  occurs  together  with  malic  acid 
in  the  juice  of  unripe  mountain-ash  berries.  An  oil  that 
does  not  solidify  until  it  has  been  heated  with  pota-h  ; 
almost  insoluble  in  cold  water,  but  crystallizes  from 
alcohol  in  long  needles,  melting  at  134. 50,  distilling 
at  228°  without  decomposition.  A.,  Sozolic.  See 
Aseptol.  A.,  Sphingostearic,  an  acid  closely  re- 
sembling stearic  acid,  derivable  from  sphingomyelin. 
A.,  Stearic  (C18H.!602),  associated  with  palmitic  and 
oleic  acids  as  a  mixed  ether,  in  solid  animal  fats, 
the  tallows  ;  crystallizes  from  alcohol  in  brilliant  leaf- 
lets, melting  at  62. 2°  C.  A.,  Stearoleic  (<  ,.ll..02), 
obtained  from  oleic  and  elaidic  acids.  Meltsat4S°.  A., 
Stearoxylic  (C]8H.J904),  produced  by  wanning  stearo- 
leic acid.  Melts  at  86°.  A.,  Suberic  iC.Il,.' 
a  dibasic  acid  obtained  by  boiling  corks  or  fatty  oils 
with  HN<  >...  Melts  at  I40°C.  Forms  small  granular 
crystals  very  soluble  in  boiling  water,  in  alcohol,  and 
in  ether.  It  fuses  at  about  300°  F.,  and  sublimes 
in  acicular  crystals.  A.,  Succinic  (C4H604),  an 
acid  prepared  by  the  distillation  of  amber,  and  arti- 
ficially in  many  other  ways  ;  occurs  in  certain  hydatid 
cysts  of  the  liver;  diuretic,  stimulant,  and  antispasmo- 
dic. Unof.  A.,  Sulfydric.  See  A.,  Hydrosulphuric. 
A.,  Sulphanilic  (C6H4(NH2).SOsH  .  obtained  by 
heating  anilin  11  part)  with  fuming  HjS<  >,  -  parts 
1S00  until  SO.,  appears.  Crystallizes  in  rhombic  plates 
with  one  molecule    of  water,  which  1  in  the 

air.  A.,  Sulphichthyolic,  an  acid  that  app 
to  be  the  principal  component  of  commercial  ichthyol. 
It-,  sodium,  ammonium,  lithium,  and  zinc  salts  have 
been  highly  praised  as  efficacious  in  cystitis,  nephritis, 
and  diabetes.  1  )ose  i;rs.  iss  in  pill  or  capsule.  A., 
Su'rphocarbolic  (C6H6HS04),  phenyl  bisulphate, 
formed  by  the  union  of  carbolic  and  sulphuric  acids. 
Its  salts,  the  sulpho-carbolates,  are  used  in  medicine 
as    intestinal     antiseptics,    etc.        See    Aseptol.       A., 


ACID 


34 


ACID1FICA  1  I.  >\ 


Sulphonic.  See  I  U  .'.  A.,  Sulphoricineolic,  an 
acid  prepared  from  castor  oil  acted  upon  by  sulphuric 

acid.      It    is    a   thick    syrup,  thai    has    the   power  of 
dissolving  and  emulsifying  many  substances;    recom- 
mended   lor    pharmaceutical    uses.      A.,    Sulphuric 
(H,S04),  Oil   f  Vitri  ..  a  heavy,  oily,  corrosive  ai 
consisting  of  not   less   than   112.5   I"'  sulphuric 

anhydrid  and  7.5  per  cent,  ol  water.  Of  value  in 
had  poisoning.  Sometimes  used  as  a  caustic.  A., 
Sulph..  Aromatic,  contains  20  per  cent,  acid,  diluted 
with  alcohol  and  flavored  with  cinnamon  and  ginger. 
Dose  rr^v-xv.  A.,  Sulph.,  Dilute,  contains  ten  per 
cent,  strong  acid  to  90  of  water.  Dose  lt^x— xv,  well 
diluted.  A.,  Sulphurous  1  I  I  >'  >s),  a  colorless  acid 
containing  about  6.4  per  cent,  of  sulphurous  anhv 
drid  in  93.6  per  cent,  of  water.  The  gas  (S02) 
i-  a  very  valuable  disinfectant.  The  acid  is  used  as 
a  sprav  or  lotion  in  diphtheria,  stomatitis,  and  as  a 
wash  for  indolent  and  syphilitic  ulcers.  The  various 
hyposulphites  are  mainly  valuable  in  that  they  de- 
compose and  give  off  sulphur  dioxid.  Dose  lt\v- 
zj.  See,  also,  Sodium,  Potassium,  and  Magnesium. 
A.,  Tannic  (Cj4H10<  ),,),  Tannin,  an  astringent  acid 
obtained  from  nutgalls,  occurring  in  yellowish,  scaly 
crystals.  Soluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  Internally  it 
is  an  antidote  in  poisoning  by  alkaloids  and  tartar 
emetic,  and  in  hemorrhoids  and  catarrh  of  mucous 
membrane.  Useful  mainly  as  an  astringent  lotion  in 
many  skin  diseases.  Dose  gr.  j-xx.  A.,  Tan., 
Glycerit,  one  part  tannin  in  four  of  glycerin.  A., 
Tan.,  Suppositories,  one  part  of  tannin  to  live  of 
butter  of  cacao.  A.,  Tan.,  Troches,  each  contain 
Yz  gr.  of  tannic  acid.  A.,  Tan.,  Unguent,  a 
ten  per  cent,  ointment  of  the  acid  incorporated 
with  benzoated  lard.  A.,  Tartaric  1 1  ul  1  10<  >,,).  an 
astringent  acid,  chiefly  employed  in  refrigerant  drinks 
and  in  baking  powders;  20  grains  neutralize  27  of 
potassium  dicarbonate,  22  of  sodium  dicarbonate,  and 
15  ',  of  ammonium  carbonate.  Dose  gr.  x-xxx. 
Widely  distributed  in  the  vegetable  world,  and  occurs 
principally  in  the  juice  of  the  grape,  from  which  it 
deposits  after  fermentation  in  the  form  of  acid  potas- 
sium tartrate  (argol).  It  results  on  oxidizing  sac- 
charic acid  and  milk  sugar  with  1 1  N(  >.,.  It  crystallizes 
in  large  monoclinic  prisms,  which  dissolve  readily  in 
water  and  alcohol,  but  not  in  ether,  it  melts  at  1670- 
1700.  Its  salts  are  the  tartrates.  A.,  Tartronic  (<  '.,- 
H,<  ).),  occurs  in  large  prisms  that  are  easily  soluble 
in  water,  alcohol,  and  ether.  It  melts  at  1840  C. 
Produced  from  glycerol  by  oxidation  with  potassium 
permanganate.  A.,  Taurocholic  (<_'.,,  1 1  ,-\<  >S.), 
occurs  in  bile ;  very  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol  ; 
crystallizes  in   line  needles.      A.,  Teracrylic   (C-M,.,- 

.  obtained  by  the  distillation  of  terpentic  acid.  It 
is  an  oily  liquid,  with  an  odor  resembling  that  of  val- 
eric acid,  and  boiling  at  2080  without  decomposition. 
A.,  Terebic  (C-H10O4),  a  monobasic  acid  formed 
when  turpentine  oil  is  oxidized  with  UNO,.  Spar- 
ingly soluble  in  cold  water,  crystallizes  in  shining 
prisms,  and  melts  at  1750.  A.,  Tetraoxycaproic. 
See  A.,  Saccharic.  A.,  Tetraoxyvaleric.  See 
A.,  Arabonic.  A.,  Thebolactic  (CgH608),  a  crys 
talline     principle     obtained    from     opium.      A.,   Tide 

'  id  tul  \.  See  Tide.  A.,  Trichloracetic  (Il<  . 
'  .  an  acid  formed  from  acetic  acid,  three  atoms 
of  the  hydrogen  of  which  is  fin  the  n>  cid  replaced 
by  chlorin.  It  is  considered  one  of  the  besi  reagents 
for  the  detection  of  albumin  in  the  urine,  and  is  a 
valuable  caustic,  >     foi    rhinopharyngoTogical 

purposes.  A.,  Trichlorlactic  <  ll<>'  .  made 
by  heating  chloralcyanhydrin  with  concentrated  MCI. 
It  is  a  crystalline  mass  that  melts  at  from  I050  to  IIO°. 


Soluble  in  water,  in  alcohol,  and  in  ether.  A., 
Tricyanic  ((  \'UI  1.  Cyanuric  Acid,  obtained 
from  tricyanogenchlorid  by  boiling  the  latter  with 
water  and  alkalies,  it  crystallizes  from  aqueous  solu- 
tion with  two  molecules  oi  water  in  large  rhombic 
prism--,  soluble  in  40  parts  of  cold  water;  easily  solu- 
ble in  hot  water  and  in  alcohol.  A.,  Trimesic 
H608),  formed  when  mesitylenic  and  uvitic  acids  are 
oxidized  with  a  chromic  acid  mixture.  Crystallizes  in 
shot!  prisms,  readily  soluble  in  hot  water  and  alcohol, 
melts  about  }00°,  and  sublimes  near  2400.  A.,  Tropic 
i«,,ll'  ,ll:.<  >ll).t  t'.lli.  obtained  by  digesting  the 
alkaloids,  atropin,  and  belladonna  with  baryta  water. 
Slowly  soluble  in  water;  crystallizes  in  needles  or 
plates,  anil  nulls  at  II70.  A.,  Umbellic  (C6H8OJ, 
obtained  by  digesting  umbelliferon  with  caustic  potash, 
and  then  precipitating  with  acids.  It  is  a  yellow 
powder,  decomposing  at  about  2400.  A.,  Undecolic 
((',,  I  l|s<  1, ,).  obtained  from  the  bromid  of  undecylenic 
acid,  [t  fuses  at  59.50.  A.,  Uric  (C6H4N408),  an 
acid  found  in  the  urine  of  man  and  the  carnivora — 
rarely  in  the  herbivora — abundantly  in  the  excrement 
of  birds,  reptiles,  and  molluscs.  <  rvstallizes  in  small, 
white,  rhombic  crystals,  insoluble  in  alcohol  and  ether, 
soluble  in  1900  parts  of  boiling  water,  and  in  hydro- 
chloric acid.  Exists  usually  in  combination  with  the 
metals  of  the  alkaline  group.  Separated  from  urine 
by  adding  ten  per  cent,  of  hydrochloric  acid  and  allow- 
ing the  crystals  to  settle  for  48  hours,  when  the}'  may 
be  separated  and  weighed.  Haycraft's  method  is  a 
more  exact  but  extended  process.  A.,  Uric,  Murexid, 
Test  for.  See  Murexid.  A.,  Uroleucic  (C,,II10- 
05)  \uro-,  leuciri\,  a  stellate,  crystalline  acid  found  in 
the  urine  in  alkaptonuria.  A.,  Uvitic  (C9H804), 
Mesidic  Acid,  obtained  by  oxidizing  mesitylene  with 
dilute  HN0S.  Crystallizes  from  hot  water  in  needles, 
melting  at  2S70.  A.,  Valeric  (C6H10O2),  formed  by 
oxidizing  normal  amy]  alcohol.  Similar  to  butyric  acid, 
but  is  more  sparingly  soluble  in  water;  boils  at  1860  ; 
sp.  gr.  at  o°  is  0.9568.  It  congeals  in  the  cold  and  melts 
at  200.  A  mobile  liquid  with  caustic  acid  taste  and 
the  pungent  smell  of  old  cheese.  Its  salts  have  been 
somewhat  used  in  medicine.  A.,  Veratric  ((',,1  I|M<  >,), 
occurs  with  veratrin  in  the  sabadilla  seeds ;  crystallizes 
from  hot  water  in  short,  white,  transparent  needles, 
melting  at  179-5°  C-  '■>  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol. 
A.,  Vulpic  (C]9HU<  >,),  occurs  in  the  lichen  Cetraria 
vulpina,  from  which  it  may  be  extracted  by  chloroform 
or  lime  water.  Sparingly  soluble  in  water  and  ether, 
crystallizes  from  alcohol  in  yellow  prisms,  melting  at 
I IO°  and  subliming.  A.,  Xa'nthic  (C2H6.O.CS.SH), 
a  heavy,  oily  liquid,  not  soluble  in  water,  with  a  pene- 
trating smell  and  a  sharp,  astringent  taste,  many  of 
whose  salts  have  a  yellow  color.  A.,  Xylic  (C6H8- 
l'<  !H8)2.CO»H),  produced  by  the  oxidation  of  pseudo- 
cumene.  Crystallizes  from  alcohol  in  long  prisms ; 
dissolves  with  difficulty  in  water ;  nulls  at  i2o°C.,  and 
sublimes  readily.  A.,  Xylidic  (CBH804),  obtained 
by  oxidizing  xylic  acid  with  dilute  HN08;  separates 
from  boiling  water  in  llocculent  masses  ;  melts  at  2N20. 

Acida  \,rd -itl-ali)  [I..].      Plural  of  Acidum,  q.v. 

Acid-Albumin  {as'-id  alf-bu-miri).  A  derived  albu- 
min. A  proteid  having  been  acted  upon  or  dissolved 
in  the  stronger  acids,  and  yielding  an  acid  reaction. 

Acidiferous  [as-id-if '-er-u  )  [<i<idre///,  acid;  ferre,  to 
bear].     Containing  an  acid;  producing  acidity, 

Acidifiable  (at  id'  if-i  a  bl)  \a>  idum,  acid  ;  fieri,  to  be- 
come]. Capable  of  becoming  an  acid,  or  of  becoming 
sour. 

Acidification  {as-id-if-ik-a' -shun)  [acidum, acid  \farere, 
to  make].  Conversion  into  an  acid;  the  process  of 
becoming  sour. 


ACIDI  METER 


3f> 


ACI I  >S 


Acidimeter  (as-id-im'-et-er)  [acidum,  acid  ;  piirpov,  a 
measure].     An  instrument  for  performing  acidimetry. 

Acidimetry  (as-id-im'-et-re)  [acidum,&cvi;  fierpov,  a 
measure].  Determination  of  the  free  acid  in  a  solu- 
tion bv  an  acidimeter,  or  by  chemical  reactions. 

Acidity  [as-idf -it-e)  [acidu?nf  acid].  The  quality  of 
being  acid  ;  sourness  ;   excess  of  acid. 

Acidology  (as-id-ol'-o-je)  [antr,  a  bandage,  a  point; 
/a)  or,  a  treatise].     The  science  of  surgical  appliances. 

Acidometry  ias-id-omf-et-re).     S  'imetry. 

Acidopeirastic  {as-id-o-pi-ras' -tik)  [ii»f,  a  point; 
Keipa&iv,  to  test].     See  Akidopeirastic. 

Acidosteophyte  (as-id-os'-te-o-fit)  [cwac»a  point ;  o 
phyte].     A  sharp,  or  needle-shaped,  osteophyte. 

Ac'ids,  Aromatic.     Acids  derived  by  replacing  hydro 
gen  in  the  benzenes  by  carboxyls.     They  are  crystalline 
solids  that  generally  sublime  undecomposed.      Most  of 


them  dissolve  with  difficulty  in  water.  A.,  Diazo. 
See  Diazo  Acids.  A.,  Dibasic,  acids  containing  two 
carboxyl  groups.      I  bey  are  solids,  crystallizable,  and 

rally  volatile  without  decomposition.     Thej 
mostly  soluble  in  water  and  have  a  .-tronLj  acid  reaction. 
See   Table.     A.,  Fatty,  a  class  of  monobasic  acid-, 
formed  by  the  oxidation  of  the  primary  alcohols 
more  complex  fatty  a<  id-,  are    found    in    all    ojeagin 
compounds,  where  they  exist  combined  with  glycerin, 
forming  fats.      The  fatty  acids  have  a  general    formula 
CnH2n02.     See  /(//'/,■.     A.,  Monobasic,  products  of 
the  replacement  by  oxygen  of  the  two  hydrogen  atoms 
i    to   the  carbon-carrying  oil.      These  acids 
enter  into  combination  with  a  univalent   basic    radical 
to  fond  a  neutral  salt,  or  a  salt  containing  one  equiva- 
lent of  a  base.     A.,  Organic,  acids  characterized  by 
the  carboxyl  group  CO.OH. 


TABLE   OF   DIBASIC   ACIDS  OF  THE   FATTY   COMPOUNDS. 

i.  FIRST   SERIES.     CnH2n-204. 


Name. 

Formula. 

Physical 
Condition. 

Melting 

Point. 

(Centigrade.) 

Solubility. 

C0H.O4 

Solid. 

101° 

Slowly  in  water.    Easily  in  alcohol. 

C3H404 

Solid. 

132° 
1 8o° 

112° 

Easilv  in  water,  alcohol,  ether. 

C4H0O4 

Solid. 

Slowlv  in  water  and  alcohol. 

C5H804 

Solid. 

Readilv  in  water,  alcohol,  ether. 

CoH^Ci 

Solid. 

I480 

Slowly  in  water. 

C7H12O4 

Solid. 

102-104° 

C8Hi404 

Solid. 

140° 

Slowly  in  water.     Readily  in  alco- 

hol, ether. 

Lepargylic  (Azelaic),     ...... 

C9H10O4 

Solid. 

1060 

Slowly  in  water. 

C10H1SO4 

Solid. 

1 27° 

C11H011O4 

Solid. 

10S0 

Almost  insoluble  in  water. 

CnH3._>04 

Solid. 

132° 

C19H30O4 

Solid. 

121° 

2.  SECOND   SERIES.     UNSATURATED   DICARBOXYLIC   ACIDS.     CdH2d— t  Q4. 


C4H4O4 

Solid. 

.  .  . 

Almost  insoluble  in  water. 

Maleic,      

C4H4O4 

Solid. 

130° 

Readily  soluble  in  water. 

Ethidene  Malonic 

C5H5O4 

Solid. 

220° 

.   .   . 

Citraconic 

C5H5O4 

Solid. 

So0 

CsHe04 

Solid. 

1610 

Slowly  soluble  in  water 

C5HC04 

Solid. 

202° 

Slowly  soluble  in  w  ater. 

CJI.n, 

Solid. 

1030 

CoHg04 

Solid. 

.   .    . 

CGH304 

Solid. 

195° 

SI.  iwly  soluble  in  water. 

C6H804 

Only  exists  in  the 
salts. 

•   •   • 

Allvl  Succinic, 

C7Hi,,04 

Solid. 

94° 

C;H10O4 

Solid. 

69° 

.   .    . 

Teraconic .... 

C7H10O4 

Solid. 

1620 

.   .    . 

CSH1204 

.  .   . 

•   •    • 

ACIDS 


36 


ACIDS 


lAl'.l  1    OF   DIBASIC  ACIDS  OF  Till'   1   VITY   COMl'ol'XDS.-CoH/y/iW. 

3.  THIRD  SERIES.    CnH2n-604. 


Name 

IRMULA. 

Physical 

Condition. 

Melting 

P(  'INI' 

(Centigrade  ) 

Solubility. 

C4HJO4 

Solid. 

»75° 

.  .   . 

:U>4 

>.>lid. 

145-146° 

nil  .                            .... 

.    .    . 

Solid. 

260° 

.  .  . 

.     .     . 

Solid. 

t33° 

Diacetylene  Dicarboxylic,   .   .   . 

C6H,(>, 

Solid. 

•   ■    • 

Readily  soluble  in  water,  alcohol, 
ether. 

Tetra-acetylene  Dicarboxylic,   .    . 

CiqHj*  >4 

Solid. 

•   •   • 

.   .   . 

4.  KETONE    DICARBOXYLIC  ACIDS. 


CsH205 

Solid. 

115° 

C4H405 

.   .   . 

CjHfiOs 

.   .   . 

.  .   . 

.  .   . 

ml-  I  dicarboxylic 

CsHsO., 

Solid. 

130° 

Readily  soluble  in  water  and  ether. 

Acetosuccinic, 

CcH(iOo 

Solid. 

244-245° 

■   •   • 

C7HU1O5 

■   •   ■ 

.   .   . 

5.  DIKETONE-DICARBOXYLIC   ACIDS. 


CeHfiOe 

Solid. 

77° 

C7H809 

Liquid. 

CgHioOo 

Solid. 

78° 

.   .   . 

6.  URIC   ACID   GROUP  (CARBAMIDES   OF   THE   DICARBOXYLIC   ACIDS). 


Parabanic  Acid  (Oxalyl  Urea),  .   . 

C3HoN203 

Solid. 

Soluble  in  water  and  ether. 

Oxaluric  Acid, 

C3H4No04 

Solid. 

Slowly  soluble  in  water. 

Barbituric  Acid  (Malonyl  Urea),   . 

C4H4N2O3                  Solid. 

.   .   . 

.   .   . 

Dialuric  Acid  (Tartronyl  Urea),   .        C4H4N_<  >,                   Solid. 

•    •    • 

Alloxan  (Mesoxalyl  Urea) C4H;.N\.<  >4 

Solid. 

.   .   . 

Readily  soluble  in  water. 

C5H4N403 

Solid. 

Insoluble     in     alcohol    and    ether. 

Slowly  soluble  in  water. 

C6H.,N  I  I 

Solid. 

Insoluble  in  water,  alcohol,  ether. 

C7H8N402 

Solid. 

290° 

Slowly  soluble  in    hot  water  and 

alcohol. 

Caffein  (Thein), 

C8Hi„N402 

Solid. 

225° 

Slightly  soluble  in  cold  water  and 

alcohol. 

TABLE  OF   FATTY   ACIDS. 


FIRST  SERIES.    Cn 

H2n  Oo. 

FIRST  SERIES.— 

Continued. 

- 
< 

< 

0: 

0 

■- 

-  - 

1  ING 

Point. 

ade.) 

Bl  'II   IN'. 
POINl 

(Centigrade.) 

Specific 
Gravity. 

Name. 

Formula. 

Physical 

Condi  1  n  in. 

Mil  TING 
Pi  1 1  NT. 

Bl  'II. ING 

Poin  r. 
(Centigrade.  1 

a  > 

U.  H 
X  < 

ft.  ft< 
too 

Formic,    .   .    - 

CH 

Liquid. 
Liquid. 
Liquid. 

.    .    . 

1.223 

Valerianic,  .   . 

Liquid. 

Liquid. 

—20° 

186° 

Acetic,  .... 

CjH 

.    .    . 

118° 

Caproic,  .   .   . 

CeHjoOo 

-    2° 

205° 

0.928 

Propionic,   .   . 

C3II 

.    .    . 

1400 

0.9587 

Enanthylic,     . 

C7Hi4(  >■_, 

CgH^cOj 

Liquid. 

Liquid. 

-10.5° 

223° 

C4HgOs 

Liquid, 

•    • 

1630 

Caprylic,  .    .    . 

236-5° 

ACIDULATED  37  ACIPENSER 

TABLE   OF   FATTY    ACIDS.— Continued. 

FIRST  SERIES.—  Continued.  SECOND  SERIES.— Continued. 


s 

< 

z 

< 

-1 

D 

X 
3 
— 

Physical 
Condition. 

Mm   riNG 

Point. 
(Centigrade.) 

Boiling 

P(  'INT. 

i  (  ,  ntigrade.) 

Specific 

Grayi  1  Y. 

Name. 

•< 
j 

■?. 

0 

Physical 

Condition. 

"     5 

Bon  in'. 
Poin  1 
1  tigrade.) 

-  > 

u  < 
■-  X 
WO 

Pelargonic,     . 

C9HW02 

Liquid. 

12° 

253-5° 

Pyroterebic,    . 

C0H10O0 

C7H 

C9H10O2 

Liquid. 
Liquid. 
Liquid. 

Capric,      .   .    . 

ClnH-jjOo 

Solid. 

31-4° 

268° 

Teracrylic,  .   . 

.  .  . 

208° 

Undecylic,  .    . 

Cur  I'>>0» 

Solid. 

28..S0 

212° 

Nonylenic,  .  . 

•  -  • 

•  ■  • 

Laurie,     .  .   . 

C12HJ4O2 

Solid. 

43-6° 

269° 

Decylenic,  .  . 

CioHi802 

Solid. 

+  10° 

.  .  . 

Tridecylic, 

CisHncOj 

Solid. 

40-5° 

235° 

Campholic, 

CioHi-<  >j 

95° 

•  •  • 

Myristic,  .  .  . 

ChH^Oo       Solid. 

54° 

.  .  . 

Undecylenic,  . 

Cull 

.   .   . 

24-5° 

275° 

Pentadecatoic, 

CisHaO-.      Solid. 

51° 

257° 

Cyminic,  .   .   . 

C15II 

.  .  . 

.   .   . 

Palmitic,  .   .   . 

C16H30O2 

Solid. 

Solid. 

62° 

Hypogaeic,  .   . 

ClijH3o02 

Solid. 

33° 

•  •  • 

Margaric,    .   . 

CnHs-jOo 

60° 

Oleic 

CigHjiOo 

Liquid. 

. 

Stearic,  •  .   . 

CigH     '  >- 

Solid. 

62.20 

Elai'dic,    .   .   . 

C18H34O2 

Solid. 

44-45° 

Nondecylic,    . 

C19H3-O2 

Solid. 

65-5° 

Doeglic,   .   .   . 

C^H^On 

•    •   • 

Arachidic,    .   .      CooH^Oo 

Solid. 

75° 

Erucic,     .   .   . 

L22H4202 

Solid. 

33-34° 

Medullic,     .   . 

C21H40O2 

Solid. 

72° 

Brassidic,    .   . 

Cout^Oo 

Solid. 

56° 

Behenic,  .   .   . 

C02H44O0 

Solid. 

73° 

Lignoceric,     . 

C24H48O2 

Solid. 

80.50 

THIRD  SERIES.     PROPIOLIC  ACIDS.     CnH2n-l02. 

Hyenic,    .   .   .      C2oHr,nO., 

Solid. 

77° 

Propiolic,     .  . 

C3H200 

Liquid. 

+  6°     [    144° 

Cerotic,    •  •  •  1    C27H5402 

Solid. 

79° 

Tetrolic,  .   .   . 

C4H402 

Solid. 

76°         203° 

Melissic,  ...      C30H00O0 

Solid. 

88° 

Sorbic,  .... 

C6H802 

Liquid. 

I34.50        228° 

Theobromic,  .     C^H^On 

Solid. 

72° 

Diallylacetic, 

C8H1202 

Liquid. 

.     .     .            221° 

1 

Undecolic,  .   . 

CnHi802 

,  .   - 

SECOND  SERIES.     OLEIC  ACIDS.     CnH2n-2  02 

Palmitolic,  .   . 

CnjHogOo 

Solid. 

42°  i  .  .  . 

Acrylic,    .   .   . 

C3H402 

C4HGO2 

Liquid. 

+  7° 

139-5° 

Stearoleic,  .   . 

CigH3202 

Solid. 

48°     ... 

1 

Crotonic,  .   .   . 

Solid. 

720 

182° 

•  • 

Linoleic,  .   .   . 

C1SH30O2 

Liquid 

0 

921 

Angelic,    .   .   . 

C5Hs02 

Solid. 

45° 

185° 

• 

Behenolic,   .   . 

C22H40O0 

Solid. 

57.5°;  ...;  •• 

Acidulated  {as-id'-u- la-ted)  [acidulare,  to  make  sour]. 
Somewhat  sour  or  acid  ;   sourish. 

Acidulous  (as-id '-u-lus)  [acidulare,  to  make  sour]. 
Sourish  ;   subacid  ;   moderately  sour. 

Acidum  [asf-id-um)  [I..].      See  Acid. 

Acidurgia  (as-id-ur* -je-aK) .     See  Aciurgia. 

Acies  [a'-she-ez)  [L.,  sharpness,  edge,  steel].  I. 
Sharpness;  keenness.  2.  A  sharp  or  cutting  instru- 
ment.    3.   Iron  or  steel  as  a  medicine. 

Acinaceous  (as-in-a'-she-us)  [acinus,  a  berry  or  grape- 
stone].  Possessing  or  made  of  kernels,  small  seeds, 
or  drupelets,  as  a  grape  or  raspberry. 

Acinacifolious  (as-iti-as-if-o/-le-us)  [acinaces,  a  simi- 
tar; folium,  a  leaf].  In  biology,  having  simitar-shaped 
leaves. 

Acinaciform  (as-in-asf  -e-forni)  [acinaces ,  a  simitar ; 
formis,  shape].  In  biology,  a  leaf,  pod,  or  other 
object,  having  one  straight,  thick  edge,  and  one  thin 
and  convex  ;   simitar-shaped. 

Acinarious  \as-in-a' '-re-us)  [acinus,  the  grape].  In 
biology,  having  the  surface  covered  with  grape-like 
vesicles,  as  in  certain  alga?. 

Acinesia    [at-in-e1 '-ze-afi)     [a  priv. ;    Ktvijatg,    motion]. 


Motor  paralysis.  A  loss  of  motion  in  any  or  all  parts 
of  the  body;  abstinence  from  motion.  Also,  the  in- 
terval between  consecutive  throbs  of  the  heart.  See 
also  Diastole. 

Acinesis  [as-in-ef-sis).     Same  as  Acinesia. 

Acinetan  {as-in-e'-tan)  [aishnjTOQ,  motionless].  An  in- 
fusorian  having  suctorial,  tubular  processes  instead  of 
cilia  ;   one  of  the  Acineta. 

Acinetatrophia  (as-in-ct-at-ro'  -fe-ali)  [acinesis :  atro- 
phia^.    Atrophy  due  to  lack  of  exercise. 

Acinetic  [as-in-e? -ik)  [aKivnrog,  motionless].  Relating 
to,  or  affected  with,  acinesia. 

Acinetiform  [as-in-ef '-e-forni) .  In  biology,  an  acine- 
tan-like  infusorian. 

Acini  ias'-in-i)  [L.].      Plural  of  Acinu  .  q.  v. 

Aciniform  (as-in'-e-form)  [acinus,  a  grape].  Grape- 
like. 

Acinus  [as'-in^us)  [acinus,  a  grape:  pi..  Acini"].  Any 
one  of  the  smallest  lobules  of  a  conglomerate  gland  ; 
:i  saccule  of  a  compound  racemose  gland  ;  a  lobule  of 
the  liver,  etc. 

Acipenser  (as-e-pen' '-scr)  [auciuiri/oiog,  the  sturgeon].  A 
genus  of  fishes.      A.  huso.      See  Ickthyocolla. 


At  I II  \>1  RID 


.;- 


At  "Mil  M 


Acipenserid  [as  pen'  i  r-id)  \Juawn  i  .  the  stur- 
geon].     A   member   <>t    the  family  Acip  A 

sturgeon. 

Acipenseroid    [as-e-p  [  tin-  stur- 

u].     In  biol<  |  mbling  the  sturgeon. 

Aciurgia  [as-e-t  .   >r  Aciurgy  >e)  [a/ac, 

point;  i  work].     Operative  surgery. 

Ack'ermann's  An'gles.     Sec  ./<■ 

Aclastic  Hi)  [a  priv.  ;  kXoeiv,  to  break].     Not 

refracting. 

Acleitocardia  (ah-ili-to-iar1 '-de-ah)  [a  priv.  ;  k)  ,to 
a,  the  heart].  Imperfect  closure  of  the 
foramen  ovale,  a  fetal  opening  between  the  auricles  of 
the  heart,  which  prevents  perfect  aeration  oi  the  bio 
It  i-  thought  tube  connected  with  the  disease  variously 
known  as  cyanopathy;  "  Blue  Disease,"  "  Blue  Jaun- 
dice," 

Acmastic  [ai-mas/-tii)  [aKuaoriicdg,  in  full  bloom]. 
Having  no  acme,  or  culminating  point  (said  of  fevers)  ; 
continuous. 

Acme  >,;<■'-//!,  )  ['/>>/",,  a  point].  The  critical  stage  of  a 
disease  ;  the  crisis.  The  highest  point  or  degree  of 
anything. 

Acmon  (aJP-mon)  [axfiuv,  an  anvil].     The  incus. 

Acne  (a/i-'-uc)  [axvfy,  a  point].  Acne  vulgaris  ;  Varus; 
a  very  common,  usually  chronic,  inflammatory  disease 
of  the  sebaceous  glands,  occurring  mostly  about  ihe 
face,  chest,  and  back.  The  lesions  may  be  papular, 
pustular,  or  tubercular.  It  occurs  usually  between  the 
ages  of  puberty  and  twenty-four  years,  is  usually  worse 
in  winter,  and  is  associated  with  menstrual  and  gastro- 
intestinal troubles.  The  individual  lesions  consist  of 
minute  pink,  acuminate  papules  or  pimples,  in  the 
center (jf  which  is  a  black-topped  comedo  {A. punctata, 
A.  papulosa).  A.  adenoid.  See  Lupus,  Dissemin- 
ated Follicular.  A.  adolescentium.  Synonym 
of  A.  vulgaris.  A.  albida.  Synonym  oi  Milium. 
A.  artificialis,  that  form  that  disappears  when  the 
cause  is  removed.  A.  atrophica.  Synonym  of  A. 
varioliformis.  A.  cachecticorum,  a  form  occurring 
only  in  starved  or  debilitated  persons  after  long,  wast- 
ing diseases,  as  phthisis.  It  consists  of  tlat,  livid, 
acneiform  papules  and  pustules  without  comedones, 
.king  in  deep  pigmented  scars.  They  are  situated 
chiefly  on  the  trunk  and  lower  extremities.  A. 
ciliaris,  acne  at  the  edges  of  the  eyelids.  A.  dis- 
seminata. Synonym  of  A.  vulgaris.  A.  erythe- 
matosa. Synonym  of  A.  rosacea.  A.  frontalis. 
Synonym  of  ./.  varioliformis.  A.  generalis,  acne 
that  has  become  general  over  the  surface  of  tin-  body. 
A.  hypertrophica,  stage  of  A.  rosacea  in  which 
re  is  a  permanent,  intensely  red,  non-inllammatory, 
lulated  thickening  of  tin-  tips  and  sides  of  the  nose, 
Hiding  it,  both  laterally  and  longitudinally.  A. 
indurata,  a  variety  "I  . /.  vulgaris,  characterized  by 
chronic,  livid  induration-,  the  result  o  sive  peri- 

follicular  infiltration.       Especially  seen    in    strumous 
subjects.     A.  keloid.     See   Dermatitis  papilloma 

illitii.  A.  keratosa,  a  ran-  form  of  acne  in  which 
a  homy  plug  takes  the  place  of  the  comedone,  and  by 
it-  | iresence  excites  inflammation.  A.  mentagra. 
■  is.  A.  necrotica.  Synonym  of  A.  vario- 
■mis.  A.  papulosa.  See  Acne.  A.  picealis, 
Tar  Acne;  a  form  of  dermatitis  that  involves  chiefly 
the  extensor -urfaces  of  the  limb-,  common  in  fiber- 
dressers  who  work  with  paraffin  and  in  persons 
otherwise  brought  in  contact  with  tar  or  its  vapor. 
A.  punctata,  a  variety  of  . /.  vul,  aris.  See  Acne. 
A.  pustulosa,  a  variety  of  A.  vulgaris,  characterized 
by  dermic  abscesses.  A.  rodens.  Synonym  of  /. 
varioliformis.     A.  rosacea.     Rosacea  ;  I  'asis 

faciei ;  Ncevus  araneus  ;  Brandy  Nose  ;   Whisky  Xose  ; 


Spider  Nevus;  Spider  Cancer.     A  chronic,  hyperemic, 

or  inflammatory  affection  of  the  skin,  situated  usually 
upon  tli.-  face,  especially  the  nose,  clucks,  forehead, 

and  chin.       It  -tarts  a-  a  lcdness,  which  later  becomes 

permanent  and  is  then  associated  with  die  develop- 
ment ot  papules,  pustules,  and  varicose  vessels.  In 
the  latest  Stages  there  is  an  excessive  formation  of  new 
tissue.       It-    causes    an-    some    reflex    irritation    of   the 

stomach,  bowels,  or  sexual  apparatus.  Common  in 
drunkard-.  A.  scrofulosa,  a  varietj  of  ./.  cachecti- 
corum, that  occurs  in  strumous  children.  A.  sebacea. 
Synonym  oi  Seborrhea.  A.  simplex,  a  variety 
oi  A.  vulgaris.  A.  sycosiformis.  Same  as  Syo 
non-parasitica.  A.  tarsi,  an  inflammatory  affec- 
tion of  the  large  sebaceous  glands  of  tin-  eyelashes 
(Meibomian  glands).  A.  varioliformis,  a  rather 
rare  disease,  situated  chiefly  about  tin-  forehead,  at  the 
junction  with  the  hairy  scalp,  and  extending  into  the 
hair.  It  is  especially  abundant  on  the  temples,  and 
may  spread  over  the  face  and  body.  It  is  a  disease  of 
adult  life,  but  may  occur  before  the  age  of  twenty 
years.  The  pustules  appear  in  groups,  and  each  has  a 
hard,  central,  necrotic  scab,  which  presses  into  the 
-kin,  and  when  separated  leaves  a  deep  pit,  at  first 
dark  red,  but  eventually  becoming  white.  It  is  a  very 
chronic  disease,  appearing  in  successive  crops.  Its 
etiology  is  unknown.      A.  vulgaris.     See  Acne. 

Acnemia  [ai-ne/ -me-ak)  [a  priv.  ;  nvi/uii,  leg].  De- 
ficiency  in  the  calf  of  the  leg. 

Acnitis  \ai-ni'-tis)  [<ni7/>  a  point ;  trie,  inflammation]. 
See  Hydrosadenitis  phlegmonosa. 

Acce-.     See  Ace-. 

Accelius  (a/i-se'-le-us).     See  Acelius. 

Acolasia  (ah-o-la'-ze-ah)  [aicofaioia,  intemperance].  Un- 
restrained self-indulgence  ;   lust ;   intemperance. 

Acolastic  [ai-o-las' '-tii)  [aicoXaaca,  intemperance].  Due 
to,  or  characterized  by,  acolasia. 

Acology  [ai-oP -o-je)  [<koc,  remedy ;  '/o)or,  adiscourse]. 
Aceology. 

Acolous  {ak-ko'-lus)  [<i  priv.;  Kuikov,  limb].  Having 
no  limbs. 

Acomia  [ah-ko'-me-alt)  [apriv.  ;  k6ut},  hair].  Baldness. 
A  deficiency  of  hair  arising  from  any  cause. 

Acomous  (ah-ko'-mits)  [a  priv.  ;  kout/,  hair].  Hairless, 
bald. 

Acondylose  (ah-ion'-dil-ds).     See  Acondylous. 

Acondylous  [ah-ion' '-dil-us)  [it  priv.  ;  condyle"}.  Hav- 
ing no  condyles  ;   having  no  joints. 

Aconine  (ai'-o-nln)  [ukovitov'],  C26H39NOu.  A  de- 
composition product  of  aconitin. 

Aconite  (ai'-o-nlt).     See  Aconitum. 

Aconitia  (ak-o-nis/i'-e-a/i).  Aconitin,  or  aconitina  ;  a 
very  poisonous  alkaloid,  the  active  principle  of  aconite. 

Aconitic  Acid  (ak-o-nit'-ik).      See  Acid. 

Aconiti  folia  (ai-o-ni-ti  fo'-le-ah)  [I-].  Aconite 
leave-.  Sec  Aconitum.  A.  radix  [ai-o-ni-ti  ra'-dix), 
aconite  root.     See  Aconitum. 

Aconitina  [ai-on-it-i' '-nah).  Same  a-  Aconitia.  See 
Aconitum. 

Aconitum  [ai-o-ni* -turn)  [I..].  The  root  oi  Aconitum 
napellus.  Possesses  a  bitter,  pungent  taste.  Produces 
numbness  and  pel  istent  tingling  m  tin-  tongue  and 
lip-.  It  is  very  poisonous.  Exerts  great  depression  of 
heart,  respiration,  circulation,  and  nerves.  It  is 
antipyretic,  diaphoretic,  and  diuretic.  The  active  prin- 
ciple i-  A., >nitin.  Highly  beneficial  in  fevers,  acute 
throat  affections,  and  inflammation  of  the  respiratory 
organs.  Dose  gr.  ss— ij.  A.  Abstractum,  has  double 
the  strength  of  the  powdered  drug,  or  it-  fluid  extract. 
Dosegr.  ',  j.  Unof.  A.  Extractum.  Dosegr.  '/£,-'/$. 
A.  Ext.  Fid.,  has  a  strength  of  one  drop  to  the  grain 
of  powdered  drug.      Dose    lrpl^-ij.      A.   Liniment 


ACONURESIS 


39 


i  \  I  A 


(B.  P.),  aconite-root,  camphor,  and  rectified  spirit. 
A.  Tinct.,  contains  aconite  35,  alcohol  and  water 
each  q.  s.  Dose  lt\,^-iv.  The  following  are  un- 
official: Aconitina  (CgjH^NOjj)  (aconitin),  an 
amorphous  solid.  Dose  gr.  ., J, ,--',,.  A.  ferox,  a 
plant  of  the  Himalayas,  used  internally  for  pneumonia 
and  pleurisy;  externally  for  neuralgia.  Dose  of  the 
tincture  (I  in  10)  mj-v.  A.  Injectio  Hypodermica, 
one  grain  in  yz  ounce.  Dose  mj-iv.  A.  Napellina, 
Dose  gr.  \-\.  St.  Jacob's  Oil,  a  weak  aconite  lini- 
ment. A.  Oleatum,  a  two  per  cent,  solution  of  aco- 
nitin in  oleic  acid.  A.  Ung.  (Li.  P.),  eight  grains  to 
the  ounce. 

Aconuresis  (ah-kon-u-rc'  -sis)  [a  priv. ;  conari,  to 
strive;  obpt/mg,  urination].  Involuntary  discharge  of 
urine. 

Acopa  {ak'  -o-pah).      Plural  of  Acopon,  q.  v. 

Acopia  (ah-ko'-pe-ah)  [d/coirta].  Freedom  from  weari- 
ness. 

Acopic  (ah-kop'-ik)  [see  Acopia\ .  Refreshing;  restora- 
tive ;   restful. 

Acopon  (ak'-o-pon)  [d  priv.  ;  no-og,  fatigue].  A  re- 
storative, or  cordial  medicine  or  application. 

Acoprosis  (ah-kop-rof-sis)  [dpriv.;  KOizpoq,  excrement]. 
Deficient  formation  of  feces. 

Acor  (a'-6or)[L.~\.  Acrimony:  acidity,  as  of  the  stomach. 

Acorea  (ah-ko-re'-ah)  [dpriv.  ;  nop//,  pupil].  Absence 
of  the  pupil. 

Acoretin  (ak-o-re'-tin)  [acorus ;  prfrivi),  resin].  A 
resinous  principle  obtained  from  Acorus  calamus. 

Acona  (ak-ko' '-re-ah)  [d  priv.  ;  nopog,  satisfaction].  A 
greedy  or  insatiable  appetite. 

Acorin  (ak'-o-rin)  [d  priv.;  nop/;,  the  pupil].  A  bitter 
glucoside  obtained  from  Acorus  calamus,  or  sweet  flag. 

Acormous  (ah-kor'-mus)  [d  priv.  ;  noppoq,  the  trunk  of 
a  tree].     Trunkless  ;   of  the  nature  of  an  acormus. 

Acormus  (ah-kor'-mus)  [d  priv.  ;  Koppog,  the  trunk].  A 
monster  without  a  trunk  or  body. 

Acorn  [a'-korn )  [ L.  ] .  The  fruit  or  nut  of  the  oak.  See 
Cantata  and  Camaiina. 

Acorn-cups  (a'-korn-kups).  The  capsules  in  which 
acorns  are  seated.     See   Valonia. 

Acorus  [ak'-o-rus)  [a  priv.;  nopn,  the  pupil].  See 
Calamus. 

Acosmia  (ah-koz' '-me-ak)  [d  priv.  ;  %6opot;t  order].  I. 
Poor  health.  2.  An  irregularity  in  the  course  of  a 
disease. 

Acotyledon  (ah-kot-il-e' '-don)  [d  priv.  ;  ko7v~at]6uv,  a 
hollow  vessel].  In  botany,  a  plant  producing  an  em- 
bryo without  seed-leaves  or  cotyledons. 

Acotyledonous  (a/i- kot-il-e' '-do-nus)  [d  priv.  ;  kotvAt/S&v 
a  hollow  vessel].  Destitute  of  embryo  or  embryonic 
leaves,  or  cotyledons. 

Acouchi  {ak-koo'-che).     See  Acuchi. 

Acoumeter,  or  Acouometer  (ak-koc/-met-er,  a-koo- 
om'-et-er)  [aicovetv,  to  hear;  uevpov,  a  measure].  An 
instrument  for  measuring  the  acuteness  of  hearing. 

Acoumetry  (ah-koo'-met-rc)  [anoveiv, to  hear;  iiirpni\a 
measure].  The  measurement  or  testing  of  the  acute- 
ness of  the  hearing. 

Acouophonia  (ah-koo-o-fo'-ne-ah)  [(ikoveiv,  to  hear; 
oui7/,  sound].      Auscultatory  percussion. 

Acouoxylon  \ah-koo-oks' -il-on)  [aicoveiv,  to  hear;  fwAov, 
wood].      A  wooden  (pine)  stethoscope. 

Acousimeter  (ah-koo-sim'-et-er)  [anovatg,  a  hearing; 
ufrrpov,  a  measure.]     See  Acoumeter. 

Acousma  [ak-koos/-  or  kowzr-mah)  [anovo/ia,  thing 
heard:  pi.,  Acousmata~\.  An  auditory  hallucination ; 
a  condition  in  which  imaginary  sounds  are  noticed 
by  the  patient,  and  are  believed  by  him  to  be  real. 

Acoustic  (ak-koos' '-tik or -kozvz' '-tik)  [(ikovotikoc].  Relat- 
ing to  the  ear  or  sense  of  hearing.      A.  Duct,  the  ex- 


ternal meatus  of  the  ear.  A.  Nerve,  the  portio  mollis 
of  the  seventh  pair.  See  Nerves.  A.  Tetanus,  the 
rapidity  of  the  induction  shocks  in  a  frog's  qi  ■ 
muscle  preparation,  as  measured  by  the  j.itch  of  a 
vibrating  rod.  A.  Tubercle,  a  rounded  elevation  on 
either  side  of  the  floor  of  the  fourth  ventricle. 

Acoustics  (ak-koos1 '-tiks  or  a-kows' '-tiks)  [aKovoruidc]. 
The  science  of  sound. 

Acquetta  (  ak-wet'-tah  )  [  Ital.  ].  Same  as  Aqua 
tofana. 

Acquired      Movements      (ak-vnf-erd     moov'-m. 
Those  brought  under  the  influence  of  the  will  only  after 
1 1  inscious  and  attentive  effort  and  practice,  in  distinction 
from  reacquired  movements,  those  reinstated  in  their 
former  proficiency  after  injury  to  the  motor  n 
the  brain. 

Acraepalous  (ah-krep'-al-us).     See  Acrepalous. 

Acramphibryous  (ak-ram-fib' -ri-u  )  [cucpog,  at  the 
end;  di/0'1,  on  both  sides ;  ipbov,  blossom].  In  biology, 
pertaining  to  plants  that  produce  lateral  as  well  as  ter- 
minal bud-. 

Acrania  (ah-kra' '-ne-afi)  [</  priv.;  upavlov,  skull].  The 
condition  of  a  monster  with  partial  or  complete  absence 
of  the  cranium. 

Acranial  (ah-kra' -ne-al)  [d  priv.;  Kpaviov,  skull]. 
Having  no  cranium. 

Acrasia  (ak-kra' '-ze-ak)  [u  priv.;  icpaoig,  moderation]. 
I.  Intemperance;   lack  of  self-control.      2.    Acratia. 

Acraspedote  (ah-kras'-pe-dot )   [d  priv.  ;   Kpdairei 
hem   or  border].      In    biology,   pertaining  to   Gegen- 
baur' s  group  of  medusre,   Acraspeda;  having  a  disk 
without  velum  or  marginal  fold. 

Acratia  (ah-kraf -she-ah)  [cucpaTeia:  a  priv.;  Kparoq, 
force].      Impotence,  loss  of  power. 

Acraturesis  (ah-krat-u-re' -sis)  [dnpa-eia,  lack  of 
strength;  ovpwiq,  micturition].  Inability  to  micturate, 
from  atony  of  the  bladder. 

Acrecbolic  (ak-rek-bolf-ik)[a,Kpoc,  at  the  apex  ;  eK36?uov, 
to  throw  out].  In  biology,  capable  of  protrusion  by  an 
outward  movement  of  the  tip;  the  introverted  and 
eversible  proboscis  of  certain  worms  and  molluscs. 

Acrembolic  (ak-rem-bol' '-ik)  [anpog,  at  the  apex ; 
ep(id/,/.Eiv,  to  throw  in,  insert].  In  biology,  introver- 
sion by  an  inward  movement  of  the  tip,  as  the  everted 
proboscis  of  certain  worms  and  molluscs. 

Acrepalous,  or  Acraepalous  (ah-krep* -al-us)  [d  priv.; 
Kpanrd'/.n,  debauch].  Correcting  the  nausea  that 
follows  excess  in  drinking,  or  in  eating. 

Acrid  (ak'-rid)  [acer,  acris,  sharp].  Pungent,  irritat- 
ing ;  producing  an  irritation,  as  of  the  tongue,  fauces, 
or  stomach. 

Acridian  (ak-rid'-i-an)  [dim.  of  atcpig,  a  locust].  Per- 
taining to  the  acridia  or  grasshoppers. 

Acridin  (akf -rid-in)  [acer,  acrid],  C,..H.,X.  A  sub- 
stance produced  by  heating  anilin  and  salicylic  alde- 
hyd  to  2600  with  Znt'l.,.  Very  soluble  in  alcohol  and 
ether:  It  occurs  in  crude  anthracene  and  dissolves  in 
dilute  acids  with  a  beautiful  green  fluorescence.  It 
readily  sublimes  in  colorless  leaflets;  melts  at  no°; 
and  has  a  very  pungent  odor. 

Acridins  (ak' -rid-in:)  [acer,  acrid].  Substances  ob- 
tained when  diphenylamin  is  heated  to  3000  with 
fatty  acids.  They  are  feeble  bases  ;  their  salts  are  de- 
composed  by  boiling  water. 

Acridophagus     (ak-rid-of '-a-gus)     [d/cpic,    a    locust; 
1  ,  eat].     The  eater  of  locust-. 

Acrimony  (akf -rim-o-ne)  [acrimonia\.  Irritating 
quality,  pungency,  corrosiveness  :  an  acrid  quality  or 
state. 

Acrinia  (ah-krin' -e-ah)  [d  priv  ;  xpiveiv,  to  separate]. 
I  •iminution  or  suppression  of  a  secretion  or  excre- 
tion. 


A(  KIN'VL 


to 


ACR<  >MI<  (-DELTI  UDEUS 


Acrinyl  [ak-rin'-il)  [arer,  acrid],  i  -II-1  »  I  >ne  of  the 
univalent  radicle-.  A.  Sulphocyanate,  t  .1 1.<  >.S<  \. 
an  acrid  ami  vesicating  substance  found  in  white  mus- 
tard, corresponding  to  the  essential  oil  of  the  black 
mustard. 

Acrisia  prn         />/.»].    Theabserj 

a  crisis  from  a  disease  ;  an  unfavorable  crisis  or  turn  in 
the  course  of  an  attack  ofdisi 

Acritical  ah-krif '-ik-al)  [</  priv. ;  icpimg,  a  crisis]. 
Having  no  crisis ;  not  relating  to  a  crisis. 

Acritochromacy  (ak-krit-o-kro/-mas-e)  [d/cptrof,  undis- 
tinguished ;  .  color].  Color-blindness,  achro- 
mati  •  i  •  -  i  a . 

Acroaesthesia  [ak-ro-es-th^-ze-ah).     See./  roesthesia. 

Acroanesthesia    [ak-ro-an-es-the'  •      [d/cpOv,    ex- 

tremity; avaiattyoia,  want  of  feeling].     Anesthesia  <>f 
the  extremities. 

Acroarthritis      [ak-ro-arth-ri'-tis)    [d/cpov,    extremity; 
a  joint;  trig,  inflammation].     Inflammation  of 
the  joints  of  a  limb. 

Acroasphyxia  {ak-ro-as-fiksf -e-aK)  [d/cpov,  extremity;  d 
priv.  ;  n,ji  iir,  pul.se].     Asphyxia  01  the  extremities,  the 
died  phenomena  of  Raynaud. 

Acrobryous  [ak-robf-re-us)  [ci/cpoc,  apex;  (3pbov,  a 
flower].      In  biology,  growing  only  at  the  apex. 

Acrobystia  (ak-ro-bis'-te-ah")  [anpoftwTia,  the  foreskin]. 
The  prepuce. 

Acrobystiolith  {ak-ro-bis' ' -te-o-lith)  [d«po/?i;oT<a,  the 
prepuce;    3idor,  a  stone] .     A   preputial  calculus. 

Acrobystitis  {ak-ro-bis-ti* -tis)  [d/cpo/Jt/orca,  the  foreskin; 
ir/c,  inflammation].     Posthitis. 

Acrocarpous  -  ak-ro- kar^ -pus)  [d/cpor,  at  the  apex; 
icapirdg,    fruit].       In  biology,  fruiting  at  the  tips,  as 

mosses. 

Acrocephalia  [ak-ro-sef-a' '-le-ah)  [d/cpov,  a  point; 
KfO'i'/t,.  the  head].  A  deformity  of  the  head  in  which 
the  vertical  diameter  is  increased  and  the  top  is  more 
or  less  pointed. 

Acrocephalic  {ak-ro-sef-a/' -ik)  [d/cpov,  a  point ;  ama/J/, 
the  head].  Characterized  by  acrocephalia;  having 
the  top  of  the  head  unusually  high. 

Acrocephaline  [ak-ro-sef f -a-liri)  [d/cpov,  point;  KFOa'/J/, 
head].  In  biology,  resembling  birds  of  the  genus 
Acrocepkaiiis,  the  large-billed  reed  warblers. 

Acrocephalous  [ak-ro-sef '-al-ui  |[d/cpov,  a  point ;  Ke<palr/, 
the  head].  Characterized  by  or  affected  with  acroce- 
phalia. 

Acrocephaly  (ak-ro-sef  '-al-e)  [d/cpov,  a  point ;  Kepa/.i/, 
the  head].      Same  as  Acrocephalia, 

Acrocheir  [ak'-ro-klr)  [d/cpov,  point;  X£'P>  hand]. 
The  ends  of  the  lingers  considered  together  ;  the  fore- 
arm and  hand. 

Acrochordon  [ak-ro-kor' -dori)  [aKpoxopAuv,  literally 
the  end  of  a  catgut  cord].  A  pedunculated  or  pen- 
sile  wart.      Synonym  of  Molluscum  fibrosum. 

Acrocinesis  [ak-ro-sin-e'-sis)  [anpor,  extreme  ;  Khnjaig, 
movement].  Excessive  motility;  abnormal  freedom 
of  movement,  as  seen  in  certain  cases  of  hysteria. 

Acrocinetic  [ak-ro-sin-ei1 '-ik)  [aicpog,  extreme;  Kimjaig, 
movement].     Characterized  by  acrocinesis. 

Acrocyst  (akr-ro  nst)  [d/cpoc;,  apex;  icuoric,  pouch]. 
In  biology,  a  sort  of  broad  sac  at  the  top  of  the  gonan- 
gium  in  certain  hydroids. 

Acrodermatitis  [ak-ro-der-mat-if-tis)  [d/cpov,  extremity  ; 
tfia,  skin;  trig,  inflammation],  Inllammation  of  the 
skin  of  an  extremity. 

Acrodont  (akf-ro-dont)  [d/cpoc,  apex  or  edge;  biovg, 
tooth].  In  biology,  one  of  or  pertaining  to  those 
lizards  with  teeth  attached  to  the  edge  of  the  jaw, 
without  alveoli. 

Acrodynia  [ak-ro-din'-e-ah)  [d/cpoc,  an  •  tremity;  bSbvri, 
pain].      Epidemic  erythema  ;   a  disease  closely  allied 


to    pellagra.       It    is    characterized    by    gastTO  intestinal 

symptoms,  redness  of  the  conjunctive,  edema  of  the 
lace,  formication,  pricking  pains  in  the  palm  and  soles, 
hyperesthesia  followed  by  anesthesia  of  these  parts, 
and  an  erythematous  eruption  preceded  by  bullae, 
chiefly  «>n  the  hands  and  feet,  but  spreading  over  the 
limbs  and  trunk.  This  is  followed  b)  exfoliation  and 
dark  brown  or  black  pigmentation,  greatest  in  the 
warm  regions  of  the  body.     Wasting   of  the   limbs, 

with  edema,  cramps,  pareses,  and  spasms  may  be  pres- 
ent, and  death  may  follow  in  the  old  or  feeble.  The 
disease  is  probably  due  to  .some  noxious  constituent  of 
or  defect  in  the  diet. 

Acroesthesia,  or  Acroaesthesia  [ak-ro-es-tlie'-ze-ak) 
[d/cpoc,  extreme  ;  aioBrjaig,  sensation].  Exaggerated 
sensitiveness,  or  sensibility.  Sense  of  pain  in  the  ex- 
tremities. 

Acrogen  \ak'  -ro-jen)  [d/cpoc,  apex;  yevfjg,  produced]. 
In  biology,  a  member  of  a  division  of  the  Cryptogams 
which  grow  by  terminal  buds,  as  ferns  and  mosses. 

Acrogenic  [ak-ro-jen'-ik)  [d/cpoc,  apex;  ,  ,■  .  pro- 
duced]. In  biology,  partaking  of  the  character  of  an 
acri  >l;*'ii. 

Acrogenous  [ak-rof-en-us)  [a/cpoc,  at  the  apex  ;  ',"','_:, 
produced].  In  biology,  growth  by  increase  at  the 
summit,  as  ferns,  mosses,  and  certain  zoophytes. 

Acrogynous  [ak-rof '-in-us)  [d/cpoc,  at  the  tip;  yw#, 
female].  Tn  biology,  having  the  archegonia  formed 
from  or  near  the  apical  cell,  as  certain  of  the  Hepat- 
ic tc . 

Acrolein  [ak-ro'-le-iti)  \acer,  sharp;  oleum,  oil] ,  CgH40. 
Acrylic  Aldehyd.  A  highly  volatile  liquid  derived 
from  the  decomposition  or  the  destructive  distillation 
of  glycerin.      See  Acrylaldehyd. 

Acrolenion  (ak-ro-len'-e-on)  [d/cpov,  point ;  io?Jvij, 
elbow].     Same  as  O/ecranon. 

Acromania  [ak-ro-maf -ne-aK)  \liKpog,  extreme ;  pavia, 
madness].      Incurable  or  extreme  insanity. 

Acromastitis  (ak-ro-vias-ti'-tis)  Xacromastiitm ;  itis, 
inflammation].     Inflammation  of  the  nipple. 

Acromastium  [ak-ro-mas* -te-u/ii)  \h.Kpov,  a  point; 
fiaorog,  breast].     The  nipple. 

Acromegalia  \ak-ro-meg-a'  -le-ah),  or  Akromegaly 
[ak-ro-megf -al-e)  [dxpof;  fieydXq,  large].  A  disease 
characterized  by  abnormally  great  development  of  the 
extremities,  and  of  the  features  of  the  face,  in- 
cluding the  bony  as  well  as  the  soft  parts.  The 
disease  is  of  long  duration,  twenty  years  or  more,  the 
patient  finally  dying  of  exhaustion.  The  etiology  is 
unknown,  although  Virchow  believes  heredity  to  have 
an   important  share  in  its  causation. 

Acromial  [ak-ro'  -nic-al)  [d/cpoc,  extremity;  cj/zoc,  the 
shoulder].      Relating  to  the  acromion. 

Acromicria  [ak-ro-tnik' '-re-ah)  [d/cpoc,  extremity ; 
fiiKp6g,  small].  Abnormal  smallness  of  the  extremi- 
ties. A  condition  in  which  there  is  a  reduction  in  the 
size  of  the  nose,  ears,  and  face,  as  well  as  hands  and 
feet. 

Acromioclavicular  {ak-ro' ' -me-o-kla-vik1 '  -u-lar)  [d/cpoc, 
extremity;  come,  the  shoulder;  clavus,  a  key] ,  Re- 
lating to  the  acromion  and  the  clavicle. 

Acromio-coracoid  [ak-ro'-me  o  kof-rak-oid).  See 
Acrontio-t  oracohlcHs. 

Acromio-coracoideus  {ak-ro1 ' -me-o-ko-rak-oid-e* '-us) 
[nKpue,  extremity;  upog,  the  shoulder;  Ii6pat;,a  crow]. 
A  triangular  ligament  lying  between  the  acromion  and 
the  a  irao  iid  pr<  icess. 

Acromio-deltoideus  I  ,ik-ro'  -mc-o-Jcl-toid-e'-ns)  \hKpoc, 
extremity;  ufioa,  the  shoulder;  6e\Toei6f/g,  deltoid]. 
In  comparative  anatomy,  a  muscle  having  as  its  origin 
the  acromion,  and  the  deltoid  ridge  of  the  humerus 
a-  it-  insertion. 


ACROMH)  III  MERAL 


41 


Ai    I  IV  >!.<  >GY 


Acromio-humeral  i  ak-ro' '-me-o-hu' '-tner-al )  [atcpng,  ex- 
tremity;  u/moc,  the  shoulder ;  humerus].  Relating  to 
the  acromion  and  the  humerus.  A.  Muscle,  the  del- 
toid. 

Acromion   {ak-ro' -menu)   [anpw,  a  summit;  w/zoc,  the 
shoulder}.     The  triangular-shaped  process  al  the  sum 
mit  of  the  scapula,  that    forms  the  attachment  of  the 

deltoid  muscle.  „ 

Acromio- thoracic  [ak-ro* '-me-o-tho-ra* ' -sik)  [anpu/MOV, 
shoulder;  t%>pa£,  thorax].  In  anatomy,  relating  to  1 1 1 « - 
shoulder  and  thorax,  as  the  acromio  thoracic  artery. 

Acromio-trapezius  [ak  ro/-me-o-tra-pe/-ze-us)  [d/cpu- 
fiiov,  shoulder;  trapezium].  In  anatomy,  a  part  of  the 
trapezius  muscle. 

Acromphalori   (ak-roni'-fal-on)    [aicpov,  a  point ;  o 
A<H',  the  navel].      See  Acromphalus. 

Acromphalus  (ak-rom'-fal-us)  [anpov,  extremity  ;  6/iipa- 
log.  the  navel].  I.  The  center  of  the  umbilicus  to 
which  the  cord  is  attached.  2.  The  tirst  stage  of  um- 
bilical hernia,  marked  by  a  pouting  of  the  navel. 

Acromyodian  [ak-ro-me-of -de-ari)  \hnpov,  extremity; 
uvg,  muscle;  <J<5//.  song].  In  biology,  having  the 
syringeal  muscles  attached  to  the  ends  of  the  upper 
bronchial  rings,  as  in  certain  singing  birds,  the  Acro- 
tnyodi. 

Acromyodic  (a-kro-me-oil'-ik).    Same  as  Acromyodian. 

Acromyodous  (ak-ro-mi^-o-dus) .  Same  as  Acromyodian. 

Acronarcotic  [ak-ro-nar-kot? -ik)  [acer,  sharp  ;  vapnovv, 
to  benumb].      Both  acrid  and  narcotic. 

Acroneurosis  [ak-ro-nu-ro1 '-sis)  [atcpov,  an  extremity; 
vebpav,  a  nerve] .  Any  neurosis  manifesting  itself  in 
the  extremities. 

Acronyx  [ak'-ro-nix\  [d/tpov,  an  extremity ;  ovv^,  a 
nail].     The  ingrowing  of  the  nail. 

Acroparalysis  [ak-ro-par-al' '-is-is)  [anpov,  an  extreme ; 
napd,  by  ;  Xvetv,  to  loose].   Paralysis  of  the  extremities. 

Acroparesthesia,  or  Acroparaesthesia  (ak-ro-par-es- 
the'-ze-ah)  [empov,  extremity;  napa,  around;  alaOijatg, 
sensation].  I.  Abnormal,  or  perverted  sensation  in 
the  extremities.    2.  Extreme  or  confirmed  paresthesia. 

Acropathology  [ak-ro-patk-olf -o-je)  [  anpov,  an  ex- 
tremity ;  iriiHoq,  disease ;  /i-dyoc,  treatise] .  The  pathol- 
ogy of  the  extremities. 

Acropathy  ^ak-rop' -a-the)  \hnpov,  an  extremity ;  -dOog, 
suffering].      Any  disease  of  the  extremities. 

Acropetal  (ak-rop'-et-al  )\hnpQV,  the  top  ;petere,  to  seek]. 
In  biology,  developing  from  the  base  or  center,  up- 
ward and  outward,  as  many  leaves,  lateral  shoots,  or 
flower  clusters. 

Acrophobia  (ak-ro-fo'-be-ah)  [d/cpef,  a  height ;  0"  fop, 
fear].      Morbid  dread  of  being  at  a  great  height. 

Acropodium  (ak-ro-po'-de-um)\h.Kpog,  at  the  top  ;  iroSiov, 
dim.  of  irni-g  (~od),  foot].  In  zoology,  the  entire 
upper  surface  of  the  foot. 

Acroposthia  (ak-ro-pos' '-tke-ak)  [anpog,  extreme  ;  ttogOij, 
foreskin].     The  distal  part  of  the  prepuce. 

Acroposthitis  {ak-ro-pos-tkif -tis)  [d/cpop,  extreme  ;  -6o0r/, 
foreskin].      Posthitis. 

Acrorrheuma  [ak-ro-ru/-mak)  [anpov,  an  extremity; 
ptvpa,  a  flux].      Rheumatism  of  the  extremities. 

Acrosarcum  [ak-ro-sar' '-kum)  [anpog,  at  the  end;  aap^ 
(aapn),  flesh].  In  biology,  a  berry  fruit  produced  by  an 
ovary  with  an  adnate  calyx,  e.  g.,  a  currant  or  cran- 
berry. 

Acroscleriasis  [ak-ro-skle-ri' '-as-is)  [d/cpov,  extremity  ; 
GK/.r/pog,  hard].       Sclerotic  changes  in  the  extremities. 

Acroscopic  [ak-ro-skop'-ik)  [d/cpop,  apex ;  okottbiv, 
view].      In  biology,  looking  toward  the  top. 

Acrosphacelus  (ak- ro-sfas' -el- as)  \_anpov,  extremity  ; 
atydne'Aog,  dead].      Gangrene  of  an  extremity. 

Acrospire  (ak'-ro-spir)  [d/cpoc,  at  the  top;  ontipa,  a 
coil,  spire].      In  biology,  the  first  sprout  of  a  grain. 


Acrospore    (ak'  .it   tin-    end  ; 

seed].     In  biology,  the  spore  of  one  ol  thos<    fungi 

that  fruit  at  tin-  summit  "i  simple  erect  hypfa 
Peronospora. 

Acrospores   [ak'  ;    [d/cpop,   topmost;    o 

i  ].     See  Conidia. 

Acrosporous    [ak-ro  '-po  ru  \    [d/cpop,  topmosl 
a  seed].     Same  a-  Aero  pore. 

Acrotarsial  [ak-ro-tai  ictremit)  ;  7<;. 

tarsus].      In  biology,  pertaining  to  the  instep. 

Acrotarsium    [ak-ro-tar' -se-um)    [d/cpoc,    top;    ra 
tarsus].     The  instep. 

Acroteria  [ak-ro-te* -re-ak)  \aKpavhpia\.  The  extremi- 
ties. 

Acrothymion,     or     Acrothymum     (ak-ro-t)ii' -m 
[d/cpop,  summit ;  dvpog,  thyme],     A  rugose  wart  with 
a  broad  top. 

Acrotic  (ak-rot'-ik)  [d/cpoc,  extreme,  outmost].  Relat- 
ing to  the  glands  of  the  skin;  affecting  the  surface. 

Acrotica  [ak-rotf -ik-ah)  [d/cpoc,  extreme].  Acrotic 
diseases. 

Acrotism  (ah' ' -krol-izm)  [d  priv.  ;  itpdrop,  striking]. 
Any  defective  beating  of  the  pulse;  failure  of  the 
pulse. 

Acrotismus  [ah-krot-iz' '-mus)  [d  priv.  ;  Kjioror,  strik- 
ing].    See  Acrotism. 

Acrylaldehyd [ak-ril-al/-de-hld)\acer,  sharp ;  aldehyd], 
C3H40.  Acrolein,  the  aldehyd  of  the  ally]  -cries; 
obtained  by  distilling  glycerin  to  which  strong  phos- 
phoric acid  has  been  added,  or  by  the  dry  distillation 
of  fatty  bodies ;  a  colorless,  mobile  liquid,  boiling  at 
520,  possessing  a  sp.  gr.  of  0.8410  at  200.  It  has  a 
pungent  odor  and  attacks  the  mucous  membran. 
a  violent  manner.  It  occasions  an  odor  of  burning 
fat.      It  is  soluble  in  2-3  parts  of  water. 

Actea,  or  Actaea  (ak-te'-ak)  [d/cr//,  the  elder].  A  genus 
of  ranunculaceous  plants  having  active  medicinal  qual- 
ities. A.  alba,  the  white  cohosh,  has  much  the  same 
qualities  as  A.  spicata.  A.  cimicifuga  is  more  im- 
portant. See  Cimicifuga.  A.  racemosa.  See  Cimi- 
cifuga. A.  rubra,  red  cohosh,  and  A.  spicata,  are 
purgative  and  emetic. 

Actinal  (ak'-tin-al)  [aicrig,  a  ray].  In  biology,  per- 
taining to  the  oral  pole,  surface,  or  aspect  of  a  radiate 
animal. 

Actine  (ak'-tin)  [d«x/p,  a  ray] .  In  biology,  a  spicular 
ray,  in  sponges. 

Actinenchyma  [ak-tin-en' '-kim-ah)  [aicrig,  ray  ;    , 
infusion].      In  biology,  a  tissue  of  stellate  cells. 

Actinic  iak-tin' -ik)  [aicrig,  a  ray].  Referring  to  those 
wave-lengths  of  the  spectrum  corresponding  to  the 
violet  and  ultra-violet  parts  of  the  same  that  produce 
chemical  changes  in  the  haloid  salts  of  silver,  and 
are  therefore  valuable  in  photograph) . 

Actiniochrome  [ak-tin' '-e-o-krom)  [aicrig,  &  ray;  xp£>[La, 
color].    A  red  pigment  obtained  from  certain  Actinias. 

Actinism  (ak'-tin-izm)  [aicrig,  a  ray].  The  chemical 
quality  of  light,  or  of  the  sun's  rays. 

Actinohematin  (ak-tin-o-hem' '-a-tin)  [aicriv,  ray;  al/xa, 
blood].  In  biology,  a  respiratory  pigment  found  by 
MacMunn  in  Actinia. 

Actinoid  [ak'-tin-oiJ )  [aicrig,  ray;  eldog,  form].  In 
zoology,  radiate,  as  a  star  fish. 

Actinologous  {ak-tin-ol'-o-gus)    [aicrig,  a  ray ;  /», 
word].     In  biology,  exhibiting  actinology. 

Actinologue  [ak-tin1 '-o-log)  [d/cn'p,a  ray  ;  Tuiyog,  a  word]. 
In  biology,  a  part  possessing  actinologous  homology. 

Actinology  [ak-Hn-oP -o-je)  [aicrig,  a  ray  ;  >'<;  "C,  a  word]. 
In  biology,  that  kind  of  homological  relation  that 
exists  between  the  successive  segments,  regions,  or 
divisions  of  a  part  or  organ,  in  that  they  radiate  or 
spring  from  it. 


ACTIN<  MERE 


J -J 


ACUPl  NCTURE 


Actinomere  [ak-tin'-o-mi  <  [ •■■■."•,  r.n  :  uipoc,  a  parti. 
In  zoology,  une  of  the  radiating  partitions  characteristic 

of  the  .  /  '  ■. 

Actinomeric   [ak-tin-o-mer* '-it)   [d/cric,  aray;    u>  ■ 
part].     In  biology,  radiately  divided. 

Actinomorphic     [ak-tin-o-motf'-ik)      [amis,    a    ray; 
.  form].      Same  as  Actinotnorphous. 

Actinomorphous      [ak-tm-o-morf '-.-.  [d/cric,     ray; 

uoptyij,  form].  Regularly  radiated,  as  flowers  divis- 
ible into  similar  portions  in  two  or  more  vertical 
planes. 

Actinomyces    [ak-tin-om' '-is-lz)    [d/cric,  a  ray;    /. 
mushroom].     A  genus  of  parasitic  fungoid  organisms. 
One  species,  A.  .    auses  the  disease  actinomyco- 

sis.    Called  also  the  Ray  Fungus. 

Actinomycoma  [ak-tin-o-mi-kof  -mah\  [d/cric,  a  ray ; 
in  107c,  a  fungus :  pi.,  Actinomycomataj.  A  tumor  such 
as  is  characteristic  of  actinomycosis. 

Actinomycosis  [ak-tin-o-mi-cor -sis)  [d/cri£,  a  ray  ;  u 
a  fungus],  A  parasitical,  infectious,  inoculable  disease 
lirst  observed  in  cattle,  and  also  occurring  in  man, 
and  characterized  by  the  manifestations  of  chronic 
inflammation,  with  or  without  suppuration,  often  re- 
sulting in  the  formation  of  granulation  tumors.  The 
disease  is  due  to  the  presence  of  a  characteristic  micro- 
parasite,  the  ray  fungus,  Actinomyces  bovis,  which  is 
composed  of  tine  mycelial  threads  and  club-shaped 
bodies.-  The  most  frequent  and  most  curable  form 
is  when  the  abscesses  form  about  the  jaws  and  teeth. 
The  best  mode  of  staining  the  threads  is  by  Gram's 
method.  To  stain  the  clubs  as  found  in  man  is  diffi- 
cult; the  best  results  have  been  obtained  with  orange 
rubin  or  eosin.  The  only  treatment  of  the  disease 
is  removal  of  the  infected  tissue.  When  the  parasite 
has  found  a  nidus  in  the  lungs  or  digestive  tract,  all 
treatment  is  so  far  useless.  The  disease  is  often  called 
lumpy-jaw  and  holdfast. 

Actinomycotic  [ak-tin-o-mi-kof '-ik\  [auric ,  ray ;  fivicqg, 
fungus].  Pertaining  to  or  affected  with  actinomy- 
cosis. 

Actinophore  [ak-tin' -o-for)  [d/cric,  a  ray;  tytpetv,  to 
bear].  In  biology,  one  of  the  peripheral  elements 
affording  support  to  the  true  I'm  rays  in  typical  fishes 
and  selachians. 

Actinophorous  {ak-lin-offf-o-rns)  [auric ,  ray  ;  (pepeiv, 
to  bear].     In  biology,  bearing  ray-like  spines. 

Actinosoma  [ak-lin-o-so/ -mah)  [auric,  ray;  cufia, 
body].  In  biology,  the  entire  body  of  a  simple  or 
composite  a  >an. 

Actinospora  chartarum  [ak-tin-o-spo/-rah  char-taf- 
rum)  [d/criv,  ray;  ni'.ma.  body ;  charta,  paper],  A 
parasitic   fungus  developing  on  paper  and   books. 

Actinost  [a&'-tin-ost)  [d/cric,  ray;  boreov,  a  bone].  In 
ichthyology,  one  of  the  bones  supporting  the  pectoral 
and  ventral  tins  in  true  fish  - 

Actinosteophyte  [ak-tin-os' '-te-o-flt)  [d/cric,  a  ray; 
osteophyte^.      An  osteophyte  of  radiated  form. 

Actinostome  [ak-tin' -o-stom)  [d/cric,  ray;  ardjua, 
mouth].      In  biology,  the  mouth  of  an  actinozoan. 

Actinotrichium  [ak-tin-o-trik' '-e-um)  [d/cric,  ray ;  dpi  1 . 
a  hair].  In  biology,  a  liber  in  the  fin-fold  of  an  em- 
bryo fish,  the  forerunner  of  the  adult  fin-ray. 

Actinotrocha     [ak-tin-of '-ro-kaK)      [d/cric,    ray ;  r. 
ring].     The  larva  of  certain  gephyrean  worms,  char- 
acterized   by    rings    of    cilia     about    the     mouth    and 
anus. 

Actinozoa  [ak-ti  [olkt'ic,   ray;    ^uov,  an  ani- 

mal].    A   division  of  celenterates  including  the  sea- 
anemones,  coral-polyps,   etc.,   having    rayed    tentacles 
about    the     mouth,    and    a    digestive     sac     connected 
to  the  body  wall  by  radial  dissepiments  called  me 
ler 


Actinula  [ak-tin' -u-laK)  [dim.  of  d/cric,  ray:  //., 
./   tinuhe\.       In  biology,  the  oval  generative  zooid  of  a 

gymnoblastic  hydroid,  developing  without  interme- 
diate metamorphosis  into  a  hydroid  of  the  adult  form, 
Action  [ak'-sAun]  [agere ,  to  do, or  perform],  In  physi- 
ology, a  term  used  to  denote  the  function  of  an  organ. 
A.,  Reflex,  an  involuntary  movement  of  an  organ  or 
part  o|    the  body  resulting    from    an   impression  carried 

bj  a  sensory  or  afferent  nerve  to  a  subordinate  center, 

and  then  sent   back  by  an  efferent  nerve  to  some  point 
at  <>r  near  the  source  of  irritation. 

Active  [ak'-tiv)  [agere,  to  do,  or  perforin].  In  medicine, 
a  term  applied  to  treatment  the  reverse  of  passive,  that 
is,  where  the  pathological  conditions  are  acted  upon 
directly  rather  than  parti)  controlled.  Also,  in  a 
growing  condition  ;  opposed  to  dormant.  A.  Insuffi- 
ciency of  Muscles.  See  Insufficiency.  A.  Spots, 
the  cortical  centers  of  the  brain,  especially  those  that 
control  definite  muscular  movements. 

Activity  [ak-tiv' -it-e)  [agere,  to  door  perform].  Capa- 
city for  acting  ;  sensibility;    vitality;   potency;  energy. 

Actual  [ak'-cku-al)  [agere,  to  do].  Real,  effective; 
not  potential.     A.  Cautery.     See  Cautery. 

Actuation  [ak-cku-a' '-shun)  [agere,  to  do,  or  perform]. 
That  mental  function  that  is  exercised  between  the  im- 
pulse of  volition  and  its  actualization  or  perform- 
ance. 

Acuchi  {ah-koo'-ihe).  The  resin  or  balsam  obtained 
from  Icica  heterophylla,  a  tree  of  tropical  America.  It 
is  almost  identical  with  elemi.      Unof. 

Acufilopressure  [ak-u-fi' ' -lo-pres-ur)  [acus,  needle  ; 
filum,  a  thread  ;  pressure].  A  combination  of  acupres- 
sure and  ligation. 

Acuity  [ak-u'-it-e)  [aari/as ;  acuere,  to  shaqien]. 
Acuteness  or  clearness  of  visual  power  in  the  percep- 
tion of  small  or  distant  objects. 

Aculeate  [ak-u'-le-dt)  [aculeus,  a  sting,  prickle].  In 
botany,  armed  with  prickles,  i.e. ,  aculii ;  as  the  rose  and 
brier.      In  biology,  having  a  sting. 

Aculeiform  (ak-ti-le'-ifor/n)  [aculeus,  prickle  ;  forma, 
shape].      Resembling  a  prickle. 

Aculeolate  [ak-u'-le-o-lat)  [aculeolus,  a  little  prickle]. 
In  biology,  beset  with  small  prickles. 

Aculeus  [ak-u'-le-us)[d\m.ofacus,  a  needle :  pl.,Aculei~\. 
In  biology,  a  prickle  or  pointed  excrescence  of  the  bark, 
as  in  the  rose  or  raspberry ;  the  modified  ovipositor  or 
sting  of  a  hymenopterous  insect. 

Acumeter  [ak-oo' '-met-er)  [awobuv,  to  hear;  utrpov,  a 
measure].      Instrument  for  testing  hearing. 

Acuminate  [ak-u'-min-at)  [acuminatus,  pointed, 
acute].     Taper-pointed  or  sharp-pointed. 

Acuminose,  or  Acuminous  [ak-u'-min-os,  or  -us) 
[acumen,  point].      In  biology,  same  a-  Acuminate. 

Acuminulate  [ak-u-min' '-u-l&t\  [dim.  of  acumen,  a 
point].      Slightly  taper-pointed. 

Acupression  [ak-u-presk'-un)  [acus,&  needle  \premere, 
to  press].     Acupressure. 

Acupressure  [ak' -u-presk-Ur)  [acus, a  needle \premere, 
to  pre^s].  An  operation  to  stop  hemorrhage  or  aneu 
rvsm  by  the  compression  of  a  needle  inserted  into  the 
tissues  upon  either  side,  either  above  or  below  the 
vessel.  There  are  a  variety  of  methods  of  performing 
ai  upressure. 

Acupuncturation  [ak-u-pungk-cku-ra'-shun)  [acus,  a 
needle;  punctura,  a  puncture].       Acupuncture. 

Acupuncturator  [ak-u-pungk' ' -cku-ra-tor)  [acus,  a 
needle;  punctura,  a  puncture].  An  instrument  used 
in  performing  acupuncture. 

Acupuncture  iak' ' -u-punk-ck&r)  [acus,  a  needle  ;  pun- 
re,  to  prick].      Puncture  of  tin;  skin  or  tissue  by  one 
or  more  t"  edles  for  the  relief  of  pain,  the  exit  of  fluid, 
the  coagulation  of  blood  in  an  am  urysm,  etc. 


ACT  S 


43 


ADELOPNEUMONA 


Acus  (a'-hus)  [L.].  A  net-die.  A.  Ad  Cataractam,  a 
cataract  needle.  A.  Cannulata,  a  trocar  to  he  used 
with  a  cannula.  A.  Electrica,  a  needle  tor  use  with 
electricity.   A.  Exploratoria,  an  exploring  needle.   A. 

Interpunctoria,  a  needle  for  eye-operations.  A.  In- 
vaginata,a  sheathed  needle.  A.  Sutoria,  a  needle 
for  stitching  wounds. 

Acute  (nfr  i</)  [acutus,  sharp].  Merely  sharp-pointed 
or  ending  in  a  point  less  than  a  right  angle.  Some- 
times used  in  the  sense  of  forming  a  sharp  angle.  Used 
of  disease  having  a  rapid  and  severe  onset,  progress, 
and  termination.  When  applied  to  [tain,  sound,  vision, 
etc.,  means  sharp,  keen. 

Acutenaculum  (ak-u-ten-akf -u-lum)  [acus,  &  needle; 
tenaculum  :  pi,,  Acutenacula],      A  needle-holder. 

Acuteness  (ak-iitf -nes)  [acutus,  sharp].  The  quality 
of  being  acute,  rapid,  or  sharp.  Referring  to  vision, 
used  as  a  synonym  of  keenness  or  acuity. 

Acutifoliate  (ak-u-te-fo' '-le-at )  [acutus,  sharp  ;  foliatus, 
leaved].      In  biology,  bearing  sharp-pointed  leaves. 

Acutilobate  (ak-u-te-lo'-bat)  [acutus,  sharp ;  lobatus, 
lobate].  In  biology,  possessing  acute  lobes,  as  a 
leaf. 

Acutorsion  (ak-u-tor'-shun)  [acus,  a  needle;  torsion']. 
The  twisting  of  an  artery  with  a  needle  as  a  means  of 
controlling  hemorrhage. 

Acyanoblepsia  {ah-si-an-o-blep'-se-ah)  [dpriv.;  nvavoc, 
blue;   fiMipia,  sight].     Same  as  Acyanopsia. 

Acyanopsia  (ah-si-ati-op' -se-ah)  [a  priv.;  n'vavoq,  blue  ; 
biptQ,  sight].      Inability  to  distinguish  blue  colors. 

Acyclic  (an-slk'-lik)  [a  priv ;  kvk/.ckuc,  circular].  In 
botany,  not  whorled. 

Acyesis  (ah-si-e'-sis)  [d  priv.  ;  KVT/air,  pregnancy]. 
I.    Sterility  of  the  female.     2.    Non-pregnancy. 

Acyetic  (ah-si-et'-ik)  [d  priv.;  Kv?/aic,  pregnancy]. 
Relating  to  acyesis. 

Acyprinoid  (ah-sip'-rin-oid)  [d  priv.;  cyprinoid].  In 
biology,  a  region  in  the  fauna  of  which  the  Cypri- 
nidce  and  Labyrinthici  are  wanting. 

Acystia  (ah-sis'-te-ah)  [d  priv.;  avarir,  bladder].  Ab- 
sence of  the  bladder. 

Acystinervia  (ah-sis-tin-er' '-ve-ah)  [d  priv.  ;  k'votic, 
bjadder;  nervus,  a  nerve].  Paralysis  or  lack  of  nerve 
stimulus  in  the  bladder. 

Ad  [ad,  to].  A  Latin  prefix  of  words  and  terms,  signi- 
fying to,  toward,  at,  etc.  Ad  deliquium,  to  fainting. 
Ad  libitum,  at  pleasure,  or  according  to  discretion. 

Ad,  or  Add.  A  contraction  of  Adde,  or  Additur, 
meaning,  add,  or  let  there  be  added ;  used  in  prescrip- 
tion writing. 

Adacrya  (ah-dak'-re-ah)  [d  priv.  ;  ddupvov,  tear].  Ab- 
sence or  deficiency  of  the  secretion  of  tears. 

Adactyl  {ak-dak'-til)  [a  priv.;  ddnTvloc,  digit].  I. 
Without  fingers  or  without  toes.  2.  A  monstrosity 
that  has  an  absence  of  digits. 

Adactylia  (ah-dak-til'-e-ah)  [d  priv.  ;  6dK.rv7.oc, ,  a  fin- 
ger].    Absence  of  the  digits. 

Adactylism  [ah-dak'  -til-izni)  [a  priv.  ;  6a.nrv7.oc,  a 
finger].     The  absence  of  the  digits. 

Adactylous  (ah-dak'  -til-us)  [d  priv.;  6h.K~v7.oq,  a  fin- 
ger]. Without  fingers  or  toes.  In  biology,  without 
claws. 

Adaemonia  (ad-e-mo'-ne-ah).     See  Ademonia. 

Adamantin  [ad-am-anf -tin)  [ada.fj.ag,  from  a  priv.; 
Saudi-t n\  to  overpower].  Pertaining  to  adamant.  A. 
Cement,  a  substance  used  for  tilling  teeth,  consisting 
of  finely  powdered  silex  or  pumice  stone  mixed  with 
an  amalgam  of  mercury  and  silver.  See  Amalgam. 
A.  Substance,  the  enamel  of  the  teeth. 

Adambulacral  (ad-am-bu-la' '-kral)  [</</,  against;  am- 
bulacrum]. In  biology,  adjoining  the  ambulacra,  as 
certain  ossicles  in  echinoderms. 


Adamita  [ad-am-i' '-tah)  [I-].     A  white  vesical  calculus. 

Adam's  Apple  i ad'-amz  ap'-pl).  See  Pomum  Adami, 
A.  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Adansonia     digitata    (ad-an-so* -ne-ak    dij-it-a'-tah). 
I  he  Baobab  tree,  a  native  of  Africa.    The  bark  is  u 
in  the  form  of  an   infusion,  5J  to  <)j,  as  a  remedy  for 
intermittent  fever.     Unof. 

Adansonin  (ad-an* '-so-nin) .  A  febrifugal  alkaloid 
from  the  leaves  and  bark  of  Adansonia  Digitata. 
Unof. 

Adaptation  (ad  ap-ta'-shon)  [adaptare,  to  adjust].  In 
biology,  favorable  organic  modifications  suiting  a  plant 
or  animal  to  its  environment.  A.  of  the  Retina, 
the  faculty  possessed  by  the  retina  of  accommodating 
the  [tower  of  vision  to  a  diminished  amount  of  light,  as 
in  a  darkened  room. 

Adarce  (ad-ar'-se)  [adapter),  a  salty  efflorescence].  A 
salty  alkaline  concretion  found  in  salt-marshes  in  Asia 
Minor.  It  is  detergent  and  has  been  much  u.-ed  in 
leprosy  and  skin  diseases.      I  nof. 

Adarticulation  (ad-ar-tik-u-la' '-shun)  [ad,  to;  articula- 
tio,  a  jointing].      See  Arthrodia. 

Addephagia  (ad-e-fa1 '-je-ak)  [L.].     See  Bulimia. 

Adder's-tongue  (adf-erz-tung).  The  leaves  of  Opliio- 
glossum  vulgatum ,  o.  common  perennial  herb;  muci- 
laginous, and  used  in  the  preparation  of  salves.  Unof. 
A. -wort  [ad'-erz-wert).      See  Bistort. 

Add'ison's  Disease.  Melasma  suprarenale,  dermato- 
melasma-supra-renale,  or  cutis  serea  ("  bronzed  skin  "), 
a  disease  of  the  supra-renal  capsules,  first  described  by 
Dr.  Addison,  and  characterized  by  tubercular  infiltra- 
tion of  the  capsules,  discoloration  of  the  skin,  pro; 
sive  anemia,  and  asthenia,  ending  in  death  from  exhaus- 
tion. See  Diseases,  Table  of.  A.  Keloid. 
Keloid  and  Morphea. 

Additamentum  (ad-it-am-en' -turn)  [L. ].  Any  appen- 
dix, as  an  epiphysis.  A.  Coli,  the  appendix  venni- 
formis . 

Adducens  (ad-duf -senz)  [L.  ].  An  adductor,  a  term 
applied  to  certain  muscles.  A.  Oculi,  the  internal 
rectus  muscle  of  the  eye. 

Adducent  (ad-du' '-sent)  [adducens"].  Performing  ad- 
duction. 

Adduction  (ad-duk' -shun)  [adductio ;  adducere,  to 
bring  toward].  Any  movement  whereby  a  part  is 
brought  toward  another  or  toward  the  median  line  of 
the  body.  A.  of  the  Eyes,  the  power  of  the  internal 
recti  measured  by  the  maximum  ability  to  preserve 
singleness  of  the  image  with  prisms  placed  bases  to- 
ward the  temples.  It  varies  from  300  to  500. 
also  Abduction. 

Adductive  (ad-duk' -tiv)  [adducens].  Same  as  Addu- 
cent. 

Adductor  (ad-duk' -tor)  [adducere,  to  bring  forward]. 
Any  muscle  effecting  adduction. 

Adelarthrosomatous  (  ad-el-ar-thro  -  so'-  mat -us  )  [a 
priv.;  d^Aof,  manifest;  apfipov,  joint ;  ntotin,  body].  In 
biology,  indistinctly  segmented,  or  articulated. 

Adelaster  (ad-el-as' '-ter)  [aSi  it   manifest;  aa 

star].      In   biology,   a    cultivated    plant    that    for   the 
time  being  cannot  be  referred  t>>  its  proper  genus. 

Adelocodonic  (ad'-el-o-ko-don'-ik)  [atiifkog,  not  mani- 
fest; kio^i.ic.  a  bell].  In  biology,  lacking  a  disc  or 
umbrella  ;  said  of  a  gonophore. 

Adelomorphous  (ad-el-o-mor' -fus)  [adq?\og,not  evident ; 
fiopo/,,  form].  Not  delomorphous  ;  not  clearly  defined  ; 
not  having  a  determinate  form  (a  term  applied  to 
certain  cells  in  the  gastric  gland-.) 

Adelopneumona  [ad-el-op-nu' -mo-nah)  [dth/7oc,  not 
manifest;  irvEvjtuv,  lung].  In  biology,  the  Pulmoni- 
fera  among  gastrmpods,  the  pulmonary  cavity  being 
hidden  by  the  mantle. 


ADELl  >1'»>I> 


H 


ADEN(  i-MVi  i.MA 


Adelopod,  Adelopode  .not 

manifest ;  iroi  c,  foot].  In  biology,  an  animal  with  con- 
cealed <>r  inconspicuous  1 

Adelphia  brotherhood].      In 

biology,  a  group  of  stamens  united  by  their  filaments. 

Adelphous  .brotherhood].  Having 

stamens  with  more  01  descent  filaments. 

Ademon;.i  .  trouble, 

distress].      Mental  distress. 

Ademosyne   (ad-t  > ■.       ■  )  trouble,  dis- 

tress].     Depression  of  spirits ;  home-sickni 

Aden     .-'  :'•■.  m,  a  gland].      A  gland;   ;i 

I >  11 1 ►•  • .      A.    Fever.     See   /  A.   Ulcer.     See 

Adenalgia  id#v, gland;  akyoq,  pain], 

<  ilandular  pain. 

Adenectopia  '  pe  ah)  [adr/v,  gland  ;  Iktotcoq, 

away  ir a  place].       \  condition  in  which  the  gland 

d<  upy  it-  proper  position. 

Adenemphraxis     [ad-en-em-Jraks/-is)     [ad^v,    gland; 
stoppage] .     <  rlandular  obstruction. 

Adenia    \ad-e* -ne-ah)  \adrp>,  gland].      Enlargement  of 
glands  :    Lyn>  ma,  a.  v. 

Adenic   [ad-en/-i  .gland].      Relating   to  or  of 

the  nature  of  a  gland. 

Adeniform  farm)  \aSrjv,  gland ;  forma,  resem 

blance].     <  >f  the  shape  of  a  gland  ;  glandlike. 

Adenin  ad/-en-in)  \adtp>,  a  gland — lir-t  discovered  in 
pancreatic  glands],  C5H5N5.  A  leucomaine  di-cov- 
ered  in  1885  by  KTossel  ;  the  simplest  member  of  the 
uric  acid  group  of  leucomaino.  A  relation  exists 
between  hydrocyanic  acid  and  all  the  members  of  this 
group,  and  the  base,  adenin,  seems  to  be  formed  by 
polymerization  of  hydrocyanic  acid.  It  occur-,  with 
other  bases,  as  a  decompi  isition  product  of  nuclein,  and 
may  be  obtained  from  all  animal  and  vegetable  tissues 
rich  in  nucleated  cells.  It  crystallizes  in  leaflets  with 
pearly  lu-ter.  It  exists  largely  in  the  liver  and  urine 
of  leucocythemic  patients,  as  a  result  of  the  breaking 
U[i  of  the  nucleated  white  blood  coqmscles.  It  appears 
tn  be  necessary  to  the  formation  and  building  up  of 
mic  matter,  playing  an  important  part,  together 
with  guanin,  in  the  physiological  function  of  the  cell 
nucleus.  Nuclein,  the  parent  of  adenin  and  guanin, 
has  been  credited  with  a  direct  relation  to  the  repro- 
ductive power-  of  the  cell.  Adenin  is  not  poisonous. 
Its  physiological  action  is  not  definitely  known. 

Adenitis  [ad-en-i' '-tis  \  [aSjjv,  gland  ;  itis,  inflammation]. 
Inflammation  of  a  gland.  See  Bubo  and  Lymphadeni- 
tis. 

Adenization  \ad-en-i-za' -shun)  \adtjv,  a  gland].  Ade- 
noid degeneration. 

Adeno-  (ad-e'-no)  [adi/v,  gland].  A  prefix  used  to  de- 
note relation   to  glands. 

Adenoblast  [a<5#v,  a  gland;  /}Aa<xn$c,  a 

germ].    Any  functionally  active  gland-cell;   a  cell  that 
the  glandular  action. 

Adeno-carcinoma  <-kar-sin-o,-mah)       [adfyv, 

gland:  .   a  cancer].      Adenoma  blended  with 

carcini  >mat<  >us  1 

Adenocarcinomatous  (ad-en-o-kar-sin-o,-mat-ui  1 
["'*  |.      (  >f  the  nature  of  adeno-carcinoma. 

Adenocele  [ad'-  ,  or  ad-en-o-sef -le)  \a&fp>,  gland  ; 

tumor].  I  ;.noma. 

Adenochirapsology  v-o-je)     \a6ijv, 

.hand;  airreiv,  to  touch;  %6yog,  treatise]. 
The  obsolete  doctrine  of  the  healing  of  scrofula  by  the 
touch  of  a  king"s  hand. 

Adeno-chondroma  i-ion-dro^-mah  \     [  a&fp>, 

gland:  .cartilage:    pi.,  Adeno-chondromata]. 

mor  consisting  of  both  glandular  and  cartilaginous 
ti--ue. 


Adeno-cystoma  [ad-en-o-sis-to^-mah)  \a6ijv,  gland; 
Kinrir,  bladder;   oma,  tumor].      A  cystic  adenoma. 

Adenodiastasis  (ad-en-o-di-as^-tas-is)  \a6fp>,  gland; 
diaoraott;,  separation].  1.  Displacement  of  a  gland. 
2.   Abnormal  separation  of  a  gland  into  distinct  parts. 

Adenodiastatic  {ad-en-o-di-as-taf -ik)  [adfyv,  gland; 
dtacrraotg,  separation].  Relating  to  or  marked  by 
adeni  diastasis. 

Adenodynia  (ad-en-o-dinf-e-ah)  \a6ip,  gland;  bdinnj, 
pain].      See  Adenalgia. 

Adeno-fibroma     [ad-en-o-fi-brof -mah)     \a6fp),    gland ; 
fibra,    a    fiber].       A    combination     of    adenoma    and 
tibn  una. 

Adenofibromatous  [ad-en-o-fi-brof -mat-us)  [ad#v, 
gland  ;  jUnn,  a  liber].  (  )f  the  nature  of  adeno- 
fibroma. 

Adenogenesis  (ad-en-o-jen'-es-is)  \adip>,  a  gland;  ykvi- 
ot<;,  a  creation].      The  development  of  a  gland. 

Adenography  [ad-en-og/-ra-fe  1  [  a&ip>,  a  gland  ;  yptiuur. 
to  write].     A  treatise  on  the  glandular  system. 

Adenoid  lad/-en-oid )  [ad^f, gland;  eldog,  resemblance]. 
Resembling  a  gland.  A.  Acne.  See  Lupus,  Dissemi- 
nated Follicular.  A.  Body,  the  prostate  gland.  A. 
Disease.  Synonym  of  Hodgiins's  Disease.  A.  Tis- 
sue. See  Animal  Tissue.  A.  Tumor.  See  Adenoma. 
A.  Vegetations,  a  term  applied  to  an  hypertrophy  of 
the  adenoid  tissue  that  normally  exists  in  the  naso- 
pharynx. This  hypertrophy  is  associated  with  the  fol- 
lowing characteristic  symptoms:  Vacant  expression  of 
the  child,  open  mouth,  noisy  breathing,  more  or  less 
impairment  of  the  hearing,  a  hacking  cough,  a  pecu- 
liar muffling  of  the  voice,  and  an  enlargement  of  the 
tonsils.  The  vegetations  exert  an  injurious  influence 
on  the  physical  development  of  the  children  so  affected. 
The  most  important  predisposing  cause  is  youth;  they 
are  met  with  in  all  classes  of  life  and  in  all  climates. 
Treatment  consists  in  the  early  and  complete  removal 
of  the  growths. 

Adenoidal  (ad-en-oid' '-at)  \a64jv,  a  gland ;  fidoc,  an  ap- 
pearance].     Somewhat  resembling  a  gland.  • 

Adenologaditis  [ad-en-o-log-ad-i'-tis)  [atif/v,  a  gland  ; 
Twyadeq,  whites  of  the  eyes;  trig,  inflammation].  I. 
Ophthalmia  neonatorum.  2.  Inflammation  of  the 
glands  and  conjunctiva  of  the  eyes. 

Adenology  (ad-en-ol'-o-je)  [adf/v,  gland;  X6yog,  a  dis- 
course].     The  science  of  the  glandular  system. 

Adeno-lymphocele  [ad-en-o-limf '-o-sll)  [a&fyv,  gland; 
lympha,  lymph  ;  k/,///.  tumor].  Dilatation  of  the 
lymph-vessels  and  enlargement  of  the  lymphatic 
gland-. 

Adenoma  {ad-en-o* -mah)  [dd#v,  gland;  oma,  tumor: 
//. ,  Adenomata"].  A  tumor  that  has  sprung  from  a  gland 
or  is  constructed  after  the  type  of  a  secreting  gland. 
A.  destruens,  a  destructive  form  of  adenoma,  in- 
volving the  stomach  walls.  A.  sebaceum,  neoplastic 
papules  on  the  face,  of  congenital  origin  but  of  later 
development.  The  disease  occupies  the  position  of 
acru  rosai  ea,  i.  <•.,  the  middle  two-thirds.  The  lesions 
are  roundish,  convex  papules,  from  a  millet  to  a  hemp 
seed  in  size,  of  a  bright  crimson  color,  but  may  U 
quite  colorless  and  slightly  translucent,  They  do 
not  pale  on  pressure.  The)  are  usually  associated 
with  intellectual  inferiority,  a  large  proportion  of  the 
patient-  being  imbeciles  or  chi  ileptics. 

Adenomalacia  [ad-en-o-mal-a' -she-ah)  [a&fjv,  a  gland  ; 
uaXaKia,  softening].     Abnormal  softness  ol  a  gland. 

Adenomesenteritis  (ad-en  0  mes  en-ter-i' '-tis)  [ad#v,  a 
gland;  uioag,  middle:  hvrepov,  intestine;  trig,  inflam- 
mation].     Inflammation  of  the  mesenteric  glands. 

Adeno-myoma  mi-o'-mah)   \a6fjv,    a    gland; 

ptvg,   a    muscle;    oma,   tumor:    />/. ,  Adeno-myomata"]. 
A  tumor  composed  of  glandular  and  muscular  tissues. 


ADKM  >  MVXi  'M  \ 


45 


ADIPOCERE 


Adeno-myxoma  [ad-en-o-miks-o1 '-maA)  [adjjv,  a  gland  ; 
u i'in,  mucous;  oma, tumor:  pl.,Adeno~myxomata\  A 
growth  having  the  characters  of  adenoma  and  myxoma. 

Adenoncosis  [ad-en-on  ko'-sis)  [adtjv,  a  gland ;  try/sootc, 
swelling].      The  enlargement  of  a  gland. 

Adenoncus  [ad-en-ong1 '-hus)  [adl/v,  gland;  bynoq,  a 
mass].      A  glandular  tumor. 

Ad/eno-ner/vous  Fe'ver.     Synonym  of  Plague. 

Adeno-neurotic  [ad-en-o-nu-roP-ik)  [ddrjv,  a  gland; 
vt'vpov.  nerve].  Pertaining  to  the  glands  and  nerves. 
A.  Fever,  the  plague. 

Adenopathy  [ad-en-opt -a-the)  [a&f)v,  gland;  n-dfloc,  dis- 
ease].    Any  disease  of  a  gland  or  of  the  glands. 

Adenopharyngitis  [ad-en-o-far-in-ji' -ti.< )  [adqv,  a 
gland;  tftapvyi;,  the  throat;  <r/<;,  inflammation].  In- 
flammation of  the  tonsils  and  pharynx. 

Adenophlegmon  [ad-en-o-JUg* '-mon\  [adijv,  &  gland; 
(pMyfiovr/,  inflammation].  Suppurative  inflammation 
of  a  lymphatic  gland. 

Adenophore  \ad-en'  -o-for)  [odtjv,  a  gland;  ipepiiv,  to 
bear].  In  biology,  the  pedicle  or  stalk  supporting  a 
nectar  gland. 

\denophorous  [od-en-offf -o-rus)  [h&ijv,  a  gland  ;  yipeiv, 
to  bear] .     Glandular,  or  gland-bearing. 

Adenophthalmia  [ad-en-off-thaU -me-ah)  [a<h'/v,  gland; 
bottakuoe,  the  eye].  Inflammation  of  the  Meibomian 
glands. 

Adenophthalmitis  [ad-en-off-'thal-mi' -tis) .  Same  as 
Adenophthalm  ia . 

Adenophyllous  [ad-en-off'  -il-ns)[ad!jv,  a  gland;  <f>'v2,?iOV, 
a  leaf].      In  biology,  with  leaves  which  bear  glands. 

Adenophyma  [ad-en-o-fi/ -mall)  [a&fjv,  gland;  cpv/na, 
growth].  A  swelling  of  a  gland  or  ganglion;  a 
bubo. 

Adenopodous  {ail -en-op' -o-dns)  [aSr/v,  gland;  ~o'rq, 
foot].  In  biology,  bearing  glands  on  the  footstalk  or 
petiole. 

Adeno-sarcoma  (ad-en-o-sar-ko'-mah)  [adr/v,  a  gland; 
cdpi;,  flesh ;  oma,  a  tumor:  pl.,Adeno-sarcomata\.  A 
tumor  with  the  characters  of  adenoma  and  sarcoma. 

Adeno-scirrhus  (  ad-en-o-skir'-us  )  [  adi/v,  gland ; 
ovc/ppoc].  Adenoma  with  scirrhous  or  carcinomatous 
elements. 

Adenosclerosis  (ad-en-o-skle-ro'  -sis)  [adip>,  a  gland ; 
onXr/p6<;,  hard].  A  hardening  of  a  gland,  with  or 
without  swelling. 

Adenose  (ad'-en-os)  [adrjv,  gland].  Glandular; 
abounding  in  glands  ;  gland-like. 

Adenosis  [ad-en-o' -sis)  [a&^v,  a  gland].  I.  Any  glandu- 
lar disease.      2.  Any  chronic  glandular  disorder. 

Adenotomy  [ad-en-of '-o-nie)  [a&fjv,  a  gland;  to/lit/,  a 
cutting].  The  anatomy  of  the  glands;  dissection  or 
incision  of  a  gland. 

Adenous  [ctd'-en-us)  [dd//v,  gland].     See  Adenose. 

Adephagia  [ad-e-fa' '-je-ah)  [a6r)$ayia,  gluttonous] .  A 
gluttonous  appetite  ;   bulimia. 

Adephagous  [ad-ef'-ag-us)  [aSrj^ayia\.     (lluttonous. 

Adeps  [ad'-eps)  [L.,  gen.,  Adipis\  Lard.  The  fat 
obtained  from  the  abdomen  of  the  hog,  Sus  Scrofa. 
Composed  of  58  per  cent,  stearin  and  margarin,  and 
62  per  cent,  olein.  Forms  70  per  cent,  of  ceratum 
and  80  of  unguentum,  q.  v.  A.  anserinus,  goose- 
grease.  A.  benzoinatus,  contains  two  per  cent,  of 
benzoin.  A.  lanae  hydrosus,  hydrous  wool-fat,  the 
purified  fat  of  the  wool  of  sheep.  A.  ovillus,  mutton 
suet.  Adipis,  Oleum,  a  fixed  oil  expressed  from 
lard.  A.  praeparatus  (B.  P.),  purified  fat  of  the 
hog.  Ung.  Simp.,  contains  white  wax,  benzoated 
lard,  and  almond-oil.  A.  suillus,  hogs'  lard  ; 
adeps. 

Adepsin  [ad-ep'-sin)  [adeps,  lard].  A  petrolatum 
mjch  like  vaselin. 


Adermia  iuh-der'  -me-ah)  [a  priv.  ;  iipfta,  skin].  Ab- 
sence or  defect  of  the  skin. 

Adermonervia  [ah-der-m    n  -ah)  [<i  priv.;  tiepfta, 

skin  ;  nervus,&  nerve].     Loss  or  lack  of  nerve-stimulus 
in  the  skin. 

Adermotrophia  [ah-der-mo-trof -fe-ak)  [d  priv.  ;  61 
skin;   "/»".<//,  nutrition].     Atrophy  of  the  skin. 

Adesmia  [ah- desf -me-ah).     See  Adesmy. 

Adesmosis  [ah-des-mo'  ■/<)  [a  priv.;  fieafidg,  a  band]. 
Atrophy  of  the  cutaneous  connective  ti-^ue. 

Adesmy  [ah-de  '-me)  [adea/xog,  unfettered] .  In  botany, 
the  separation  of  pans  normally  entire  or  united. 

Adglutinate  [ad-glu' '-tin-at) .     Same  ttinate. 

Adhatoda  Vasica  [ad-hat' '-o-dah  vas'-ik-aK).  Mala- 
bar nut;  leaves  of  A.justicia,  a  tree  of  the  order  of 
Acanthaceae,  growing  in  India.  Expectorant  and 
anti-spasmodic.      Dose  of  the  fld.  ext.   3  '4-)- 

Adherence  [ad-he'-rens)  [adharere,  to  adhere].  See 
.  Xdhesion. 

Adherent  [ad-he' -rent)  [adharere,  to  adhere].  In 
botany,  adnate  ;    the  union  of  unlike  structures. 

Adhesion  [ad-he' '-zhun)  [adharere,  to  stick  to].  Abnor- 
mal union  of  two  surfaces  as  a  result  of  abrasion, 
inflammation,  etc.  A.,  Primary,  called  also  Healing 
bv  I-'irst  Intention  and  by  Immediate  Union,  a  method 
of  healing  of  wounds  by  the  production  of  lymph, 
followed  by  the  vascularization  and  cicatrization  of  the 
exudate.  A.,  Secondary,  or  Healing  by  Second 
Intention,  or  by  Granulation,  is  that  mode  of  healing 
attended  by  the  production  of  pus  and  the  formation 
of  granulations.     A.  Plaster.     See  Emplastrum. 

Adhesive  [ad-he' -siv)  [adharere,  to  adhere].  Sticky, 
tenacious.  A.  Inflammation,  inflammation  accom- 
panied by  plastic  exudation,  and  tending  to  the  union 
of  apposed  surfaces.  It  may  be  reparative  in  its  effect, 
as  in  wounds,  or  it  may  be  injurious  in  its  results, 
as  in  some  cases  of  pleurisy.  A.  Plaster.  See  Resin 
and  Emplastrum. 

Adiantum  {ad-e-an' -turn)  [d  priv.  ;  diavroc,  wettable]. 
A  genus  of  ferns;  the  maiden-hair.  A.  capillus- 
veneris  and  A.  pedatum,  of  X.  America,  are  service- 
able in  coughs.  The  demulcent  and  anti-hectic 
remedy,  capillaire,  is  prepared  from  the  former. 
Unof. 

Adiaphoresis  [ah-di-af-o-re' '-sis)  [d  priv.  ;  AtcKpopeveiv, 
to  perspire].      Deficient  sweat. 

Adiaphoretic  [ah-di-af-o-ref -ik)  [d  priv.  ;  dia<jx>pti  eiv, 
to  perspire].      Reducing  the  sweat ;   anidrotic. 

Adiaphorous  [ad-i-af -or-us)  [adtatjtopog,  indifferent] . 
Neutral ;   inert ;   doing  neither  harm  nor  good. 

Adiapneustia  [ah-de-ap-nus1 -te-ah)  [a  priv.;  Am-rev- 
arhiv,  to  perspire].     A  stoppage  of  perspiration. 

Adiathesia  [ah-di-ath-e' '-se-ah)  [d  priv.  ;  dtatieeic,  con- 
dition]. A  condition  or  particular  disease  that  is 
not  congenital. 

Adiathesic  [ah-di-ath-e' -sih)  [<i  priv.  ;  An'itieaic,  con- 
dition].     Not  connected  with  any  diathesis. 

Adiathetic  [ah-di-ath-ef-ik)  [a  priv.  ;  diadeoig,  condi- 
tion].    Adiathesic. 

Adicity  [ad-is* -it-e).  In  chemistry,  combining  capacity, 
according  as  an  element  or  a  compound  is  a  monad. 
dyad,  etc.      Same  as  Valency. 

Adinin  [ud'-in-in).     See  Adenin. 

Adipate  (ad'-ip-dt)  [adeps,  fat].  Any  salt  of  adipic 
acid. 

Adipic  (ad-ip'-ik)  [adeps,  lard].  <  >f  or  belonging  to 
fat.     A.  Acid.     See  Acid. 

Adipoceration  [ad-ip-os-er-a'-shun)  [adeps,  fat ;  eera, 
wax].       The  formation  of  adipocere. 

Adipocere  [ad'-ip-o-ser)  [adeps,  fat ;  eera.  wax].  A  wax- 
like substance  formed  by  the  exposure  of  fleshy  tissue 
to   moisture,  with    the   exclusion    of   air.  i.    .,    in   the 


AI>ir<  >GEN<  >US 


16 


ADVANCKMKNT 


eartli  or  under  water.  It  rotisi-ts  of  the  tatty  acids  in 
combination  with  tin-  alkaline  earths  ami  ammonium. 
Human  bodies  in  moist  burial  places  often  undergo 
this  change. 

Adipogenous  j'-en-us)  [adeps,   fat;  gignere,  to 

produce].     Producing  fat  ami  adipose  tissue. 

Adipoma  |  na,  a  tumor:  pi. , 

\  tatty  tumor  ;    lipoma. 

Adipomatous  [ad-ip-o* '-mat-us)  [adeps,  fat;  oma,  a 
tumor].     <  )f  the  nature  of  adipoma. 

Adipose  it].     Fatty.     A.   Fin,  the 

fleshy,  rayli  -  I  tin  of  some  fishes.      A.  Tissue, 

fat  cells  unite. 1  by  connective  tissue;  distributed  ex- 
tensively through  the  body.  It  is  <  omposed  of  triolein. 
tripalmitin,  and  tristearin,  and  is  liquid  during  life  or 
at  the  temperature  of  the  living  body. 

Adiposis  '-o-sis)   [adeps,  fat;    osis,  state].     Cor- 

pulence; fatty  degeneration;  fatty  infiltration.  A. 
hepatica,  fatty  degeneration  or  infiltration  of  the 
liver. 

Adipositas  |  '-it-as)  [L.].   Fatness;  corpulency. 

Adiposity  [ad-ip-os* -it-e).      Fatness;   corpulency. 

Adipsia  [ah-dip' -se-ah)  [a  priv.  ;  6'npa,  thirst].  Absence 
of  thirst. 

Adipsic  [ali-dip* -sili)  [d  priv.  ;  diipa,  thirst].  Pertain- 
ing to  adipsia;   quenching  thirst. 

Adipsous  [ah-dip'-sus]  [a  priv.  ;  Silvia,  thirst].  Quench- 
ing thirst 

Aditus  [ad'-il-us)  [ad,  to;  ire,  to  go].  In  anatomy,  an 
entrance,  as  to  any  one  of  the  radial  canals  of  a  sponge. 
A.  laryngis,  the  entrance  to  the  larynx. 

Ad'jective  Col'oring  Mat'ter.  See  Pigments,  Colors, 
and  Dye-  tuff's. 

Adjuster  [ad-jus' '-ter)  [Fr. ,  adjuster,  to  adjust].  He 
who  or  that  which  adjusts.  A  device  formerly  used 
for  the  forcible  reduction  of  dislocations. 

Adjusting  CoFlar.      See  Collar. 

Adjustment,  Coarse.  Commonly,  the  rack  and 
pinion  for  raising  or  lowering  the  tube  of  a  microscope 
a  considerable  distance  without  lateral  deviation. 
A.,  Fine,  the  micrometer  screw  generally  at  the  top  of 
the  column  of  a  microscope  for  raising  or  lowering  the 
tube  slowly  through  a  short  distance. 

Adjuvant  [aj'-u-vant)  [adjuvare,  to  assist].  A  medicine 
that  as-i-ts  the  action  of  another  to  which  it  is  added. 

Admortal  [ad-mor* -tal)  [ad,  to  ;  mors,  mortis,  death]. 
Moving  from  living  muscular  tissue  toward  that  which 
is  dr. ill  or  dying,  as  electric  currents. 

Adnascent  [ad-nas'-ent)  [ad,  to;  nasci,  to  grow].  In 
biology,  growing  upon  or  attached  to  something. 

Adnata  [ad-na'-lah)  [ad,  to;  nasci,  to  be  born,  to 
grow],  i.  The  tunica  adnata  ;  the  conjunctiva;  more 
correctly,  a  tendinous  expansion  of  the  muscles  of  the 
eye;  it  lies  between  the  sclerotic  and  the  conjunctiva. 
2.  One  of  the  coats  of  the  testicle.  In  zoology, 
appendages  of  the  skin,  as  scales,  hair,  feathers. 

Adnate  [ad'  nat)  [adnatus,  grown  to].  In  biology, 
congenitally  attached  or  united. 

Adnation    [ad-na1 '-shun)   [adnatus,    grown    to].     The 
of  being  adnate. 

Adnerval  [ad-ner* -vol)  [ad,  to;  nervus,  a  nerve]. 
Moving  toward  a  nerve;  said  of  electric  currents  in 
muscular  fiber 

Adneural  [ad-nu'-ral)  [ad,to;  ve'opov,  a  nerve].  A 
term  used  t.,  describe  a  nervous  affection  in  which  the 
disease  is  at  the  very  point  of  the  symptoms  exclusively, 
as  in  the  form  of  an  adventitious  deposit. 

Adnexa  [ad-neks' -ah)  [ad.  to;  nectere,  to  joint:  />/.]. 
Adjunct  part-,  a-  the  adnexa  of  the  uterus.  A.  bulbi, 
the  appendages  of  the  bulb  of  the  eye. 

Adolescence  (ad-:-  '  n  \  [adolescere,  to  grow]. 
Youth,  or  the    period  between  puberty  and  maturity, 


Usually  reckoned  as  extending  in  males  from  about  I4to 
25  years,  and  in  females  from   12  to  -'  1   Mais. 

Adonidin  [ad-on' -id-in)  [Adonis~\.  A  glucosid  derived 
from  Adonis  vernalis,  a  plant  indigenous  in  Europe 
ami  Asia.  Recommended  in  cardiac  dropsy.  Dose 
gr.    ',-V      I  not. 

Adonis  aestivalis  [ad-ot-nis  es-tiv-a' -lis).  A  plant 
much  used  in  Italy  a-  a  cardiac  tonic.  Similar  pro 
perries  possessed  by  A.  vernalis.  Dose  of  lid.  ext. 
rrij-ij.     A.  Tinctura,  do.se  rr\,x— xxx. 

Adoral  [ad-o'-rat)  [ad,  near  to;  os,  the  mouth]. 
Situated  near  the  mouth. 

Adosculation  [ad-os-ku-la' '-shun)  [ad,  to;  osculari,  to 
kiss].  Impregnation  by  external  contact  without  intro- 
mission. 

Adpressed,  or  Appressed  [ad-presd'  or  ap-resd')  [ad- 
pressus\     Brought  into  contact  with  but  not  united. 

Adradial  [ad-ra'-de-al)  [ad,  near  to;  radius,  a  ray]. 
Near  a  ray,  as  the  third  series  of  tentacles  in  certain 
hydrozoons.      Cf.  Interradial,  Perradial. 

Adradii  [ad-ra/-de-i)  [ail,  near  to;  ratlins,  a  ray]. 
Special  organs  lying  between  the  perradii  and  inter- 
radii  of  medusae. 

Adrectal  [ad-rek' -tat)  [ad,  nearby;  rectus,  straight]. 
In  biology,  near  the  rectum,  as  certain  glands. 

Adrenal  [ad-rS'-nal)  [ad,  near  to;  ren,  the  kidney].  In 
biology,  adjacent  to  the  kidney. 

Adrenals  [ad-ref -nali)  [ad,  near  to  ;  ren,  the  kidney]. 
The  supra-renal  capsules. 

A'drian's  Mix'ture.  A  hemostatic  mixture  containing 
chloride  of  iron  25  parts,  chloride  of  sodium  15  parts, 
and  water  60  parts. 

Adrostral  [ad-ros' '-trat)  [ad,  to,  at;  rostrum,  beak]. 
In  biology,  belonging  to  or  placed  near  the  beak  or 
snout. 

Adrue  [ad-ru'-e).  Anti-emetic  root.  The  root  of  Cy- 
perus  articulatus.  Strongly  recommended  to  check 
black  vomit  of  yellow  fever;  anthelmintic,  aromatic, 
stomachic.     Dose  of  the  fid.  ext.  gtt.  xx— xxx.     LJnof. 

Adscendent  [ad-sen' -dent).     See  Ascending. 

Adstriction  [ad-strik' -shun)  [adstrictis,  a  binding]. 
Ligation  ;  astringent  action  ;   constipation. 

Adsurgent,  or  Assurgent  [ad-ser'-jent,  as-ser'-jent) 
[ad,  to  ;  surgere,  to  rise].     Same  as  Ascending. 

Adterminal  [ad-ter' -min-at)  [ad,  near  to;  terminus, 
the  end].  Moving  toward  the  insertion  of  a  muscle; 
said  of  electric  currents  in  muscular  fiber. 

Adul  Oil.     An  oil  used  in  India  for  treating  rheumatism. 

Adult  (ad-ult')  [adolescere ,  adult  us,  to  grow].  Mature  ; 
of  full  legal  age.  One  of  mature  age.  A.  Sporadic 
Cretinism.     See  Myxedetna. 

Adulteration    [ad-ul-ter-a' -shun)   [adulterare,  to  cor- 
rupt].     The   admixture  of  inferior,   impure,   inert,  or 
less  valuable  ingredients  to  an  article  for  gain,  decep- 
tion, or  concealment.      Medicines,  wines,   foods, 
are  largely  adulterated. 

Adumbrella  [ad-um-breV-aK).  In  biology,  the  upper 
surface  of  the  velum  in  the  medusae,  the  opposite  of 
exumbrella  or  Abumbrella. 

Adumbrellar  [ad-um-brel'-ar).  In  biology,  pertaining 
to  the  upper  or  outer  surface  of  the  velum  in  the 
medusre  ;   opposed  to  abumbrellar. 

Aduncous  [ad-ut  \  ad,  to  ;  uncus,  a  hook,  barb]. 

In  biology,  hooked,  as  the  bill  of  a  parrot  or  hawk. 

Adust  (ad-us/')  [adustus,  burned  up].  Hot  and  dry; 
parched. 

Adustion  [ad-us* '-chun)  [adustus,  burned  up].  1.  The 
quality  of  being  adust.     2.   Cauterization. 

Advancement  [ad-vans' '-ment)  [M.  E. ,  avancement]. 
An  operation  to  remedy  strabismus,  generally  in  con- 
junction with  tenotomy,  whereby  the  opposite  tendon 
from  the  over-acting  one,  having  been  cut,  is  brought 


I 


ADVENTITIA 


47 


.h\:<  K  I  IMIA   SCLEROCARPA 


forward,  so    that,  growing  fast  in  a    more    advanced 

position,   it  shall  have    more  power  to  act   upon   the 

globe  of  the  eye.     A.,  Capsular,  an  operation  similar 

to  that   on   the   tendon    upon    Tenon's    capsule.     It 

must   be  distinguished   from   advancement   by  the   fact 

that  the  tendon  itself  is  not  divided. 
Adventitia    (ad-ven-tish' '-e-ah)    \_adventitius,    foreign]. 

The  external  covering  or  coat  of  the  blood-vessels. 
Adventitious    {ad-ven-tish* '-us)    [adventitius,   foreign]. 

Accidental,  foreign,  acquired,  as   opposed  to  natural 

or  hereditary;   occurring  out  of  the  ordinary  or  norma] 

place  or  abode. 
Adventive  [ad-ven' -tiv).      In  biology,  an  incompletely 

naturalized  exotic. 
Adverse  (ad'-vers)    [adversus,  opposite].      In  biology, 

turned  or  directed  toward  the  axis. 
Adversifoliate  [ad-ver-se-fo'  -le-at)  [adversus,  opposite; 

folium,  leaf].     See  Adversifolious. 
Adversifolious  [ad-ver-se-fo' '-/e-us)  [adversus,  opposite  ; 

folium,  leaf].      In  biology,  having  opposite  leaves. 
Adynamia  [ah-din-a' '-me-ah)  [opriv.  ;  tVwauic,  power]. 

Deficiency  or  loss  of  vital  or  muscular  power. 
Adynamic  {ak-din-am'-ik)   [it  priv.  ;   dvVafug,  power]. 

Pertaining    to    or    characterized    by    adynamia.      A. 

Fever.     Synonym  for  Typhus  lever,  q.  v. 
JE-.     See  E-. 
^Ecidioform  [e-sid1 ' -e-o-forni)   [alula,  a  wheal;  forma, 

form].      See  /Ecidiostage. 
iEcidiomycetes    (e-sid-e-o-mi-se'  -tez)   [alula,  a  wheal ; 

i'i  K!/g,  a  fungus].      .Ecidium  fungi,  including  many  of 

the  rusts,  blights,  and  mildews. 
jEcidiospore   {e-sid' -e-o-spor)    [alula,  a  wheal;    airopa, 

seed,  spore].     In  biology,  a  fungal  spore  developed  by 

abstriction  in  a  member  of  the  genus  sEcidium. 
Ecidiostage  [e-sid' -e-o-staj)   [alula,  a  wheal;   M.  E. , 

stage].     The  first  stage  in  the  reproduction  of  uredine 

fungi.      Same  as  ^Ecidioform. 
Ecidium  (e-sid' -e-um)   [alula,  a   wheal;    dim. ,  idtovl. 

The  cup-shaped  organ  producing  the   secidiospores  in 

the  uredine  fungi. 
Edceagra  (e-de-a'-grah).      See  Edeagra. 
./Edceatrophia  [e-de-at-ro'  -fe-ah).      See  Edeatrophia. 
Edceauxe  (e-de-auks'-e).      See  Edeauxe. 
./Edceitis   [e-de-i'-tis).       See  Edeitis. 
^Edceodynia  (e-de-o-din' -e-ali).      See  Edeodynia. 
Edceogargalismus  (e-de-o-gar-gal-iz' -mus).  See  Edeo- 

^argalismus. 
/Edceography  (e-de-og'-ra-fe).      See  Edeography. 
/Edceology  [e-de-ol'-o-je).      See  Edeology. 
^Edceomania  (e-de-o-ma'  -ne-ah).      See  Edeomania. 
iEdceomycodermitis      (e-de-o-mi-ko-der-mi'  -tis).     See 

Edeomycodermitis. 
./Edceopsy  (e-de'-op-se).     See  Edeopsy. 
jEdceoptosis  {e-de-op-/o'-sis).      See  Edeoptosis. 
Edceoscopy  (e-de-os'-ko-pe).     See  Edeoscopy. 
./Edceotomy  (e-de-ot'o-me).      See  Edeotomy. 
^Egagropila  (e-gag-rop'-il-ah).     Plural  of  Mgagropilus. 
Egagropilus  [e-gag-rop'  -il-us)  [alydypoc,  a  wild  goat ; 

-i'/.oq,  felt].      An  intestinal  concretion  formed  of  hair, 

found  in  animals  and  occasionally  in  man.     A  bezoar. 
Egilops  (e'-jil-ops).      See  Egilops. 
^Egithognathous      [e-jith-og'-na-thus)      [alyiftor.     the 

hedge-sparrow;  yvadog,  jaw].    Characterized  by  having 

an  anteriorly  truncated  vomer  in   union  with  the  ali- 

nasal  wall  and  turbinals,  as  in  passerine  birds. 
/Egobronchophony  (e-go-broug-koff'-o-ne).      See  Ego- 

bronchophonv. 
jEgonia  (e-go'  -ne-ah)  [L.].   A  minor  or  slight  egophony. 
iEgophony  [e-goff'-o-ne).      See  Egophouv. 
.iEgyptia  ulcera  (e-/'ip'-she-ali  ul'-ser-a/i)  [L.].     Egyp- 
tian ulcers ;    a  form  of  ulceration  of  the  tonsils  and 

fauces. 


JEiipathia.  (ah-ip-ath'-e-ah)  [a  .always; 

waBog,  a  suffering].      <  'onstant  and  incurable  suffering. 

iEluropodous    [e-lu-rop* ' -o-dus)    [aihovpog,    cat;     - 
foot].      <  at  looted. 

Eluropsis  [el-u-rop* '-sis)  [alXvpog,  cat;  bipig,  appear- 
ance]. '  (bliquity  of  the  eve  or  of  the  palpebral 
fissure. 

jEquabiliter  justo  major,  or  minor  Pelvis  [e-kwa- 
bil' -it-er\.     See  Peh 

./Equator  Oculi  [e  kwa'-tor  ok'-u-li).     See  Equator. 

Equilibrium  [e-kwil-ib' '-re-um).     See  Equilibrium. 

Aer  [a'-er).     See  Air. 

Aerated  (a'-er-a-ted)  [ai/p,  the  atmosphere].      Imi 
nated  or  charged  with  carbon  dioxid  or  air. 

Aeration   [a-er-a' '-shun)   [afjp,  air].     The    process    of 
supplying    or   charging  with    air    or  with    some    j 
such  as  carbon  dioxid;    the  state  of  being    supplied 
with  air  or  g 

Aerenchyma  [a-er-en/-kim-ah')  [<"/[>,  air;  tyxtiv,  to 
pour].      In  biology,  cork-like  plant  tissue. 

Aerendocardia  [a-er-en-do-kar1 '-de-ah)  [atfp,  air;  i 
within  ;   Kapdia,  heart].      The  existence  of  air  within 
the  heart. 

Aerenterectasia  (a-er-en-ter-ek-ta'  -se-ah)  [aijp,  air; 
hrrepov,  intestine;  EKraaig,  distention].  Elatulence  ; 
distention  of  the  abdomen  by  gas  within  the  intes- 
tines. 

Aerhemoctonia  [a-er-hem-ok-to/ -ne-ah)  [afjp,  air;  alfia, 
blood;  KTovir,  killing].  Death  by  the  entrance  of  air 
into  the  veins. 

Aerhemotoxia  (a-er-hem-o-toks'-e-ali)  [ai/p,  air;  alfia, 
blood;   roiiKov,  poison].      Sec  Aerhemoctonia. 

Aerial  (a-e'-re-al).  Pertaining  to  the  air.  A.  Fistula. 
See  Fistula. 

Aeriferous  (a-er-if'-er-tts)  [ai/p,  air;  ferre,  to  bear]. 
Conveying  air,  as  the  trachea  and  its  branches. 

Aerification  [a-er-if-ik-a' -shun)  [ahp,  air;  facere,  to 
make].  I.  The  process  of  charging  with  air;  the 
state  of  being  charged  with  air.     2.    Emphysema. 

Aerifluxus  (a-er-if-luks'-us)  [ai/p,  air;  fluxus,  flow]. 
Any  abnormal  escape  of  air,  as  by  belching,  flatulence, 
etc. 

Aeriperitonia  (  a-er-ip-er-it-o-ne'  -ah  )  [  ai,p,  air  ;  irepi, 
around;   relveiv,  to  stretch].      Peritoneal  tympanites. 

Aerobe  t<i'-er-ob)  [ai/p,  air;  filog,  life].  One  of  the 
aerobia.      See  Aerobic. 

Aerobia    (a-er-o' -be-ali)    [ai/p,   air  ;  life].      Plural 

of  Aerobe.  ( )rganisms  that  require  air  or  free  oxygen 
for  the  maintenance  of  life.  A.,  Facultative,  organ- 
isms  normally  or  usually  anaerobic,  but  under  certain 
circumstances  acquiring  aerobic  power. 

Aerobic  (a-er-ob'-ik)  [ai/p,  air ;  3ioc,  life].  Requiring 
oxygen  (air)  in  order  to  live.  A  term  applied  to  those 
bacteria  requiting  free  oxygen.  Those  that  do  not 
grow  in  its  presence  are  called  anaerobic.  Between 
these  extremes  there  are  forms  that  are  able  to  grow 
without  oxygen  under  favorable  conditions,  though 
they  make  use  of  it  when  present;  others  that  may 
grow  in  its  presence,  though  flourishing  best  in  its 
absence ;  these  are  called  respectively  facultative 
aerobes  or  facultative  anaerobes,  in  distinction 
from  those  first  mentioned,  which  are  called  obliga- 
tory aerobes  or  anaerobes. 

Aerobiosis  (a-er-o-bi-o'-sis)  [ai/p,  air ;  ,3ior,  life].  Eife 
that  requires  the  presence  of  air,  or  free  oxygen. 

Aerobiotic  a-er-o-bi-ot'-ik)  [afip,  air;  Qiurutdg,  pertain- 
ing to  life].  Thriving  only  in  the  presence  of  free 
oxygen. 

/Erocomia  sclerocarpa  i  e-ro-ko> '-me-ah  skle-ro-kar'- 
pah).  A  South  American  plant,  verv  popular  as  a 
remedy  in  leucorrhea,  diarrhea,  and  albuminuria.  Il 
is  astringent.      In  >l 


AER<  >C<  INISO  >PE 


1- 


l  STIVATION 


Aeroconiscope  {a-er-o-konf-is-kdp\  [<",/>,  air;  k6vuq, 
dust;  OKomeiv,  to  inspect].  A  device  foi  collecting 
dust  from  the  air  for  microscopical  observation. 

Aerocyst  (a/-er-osist)  [at/p, air;  Kvorig,  bladder].  In 
biology,  the  air-bladder  of  sea-weeds. 

Aerodermectasia  <-der-mei-ta' 'se-ah)    \afip,  air; 

■  in,  skin;  lieraaic,  distention].  Surgical  emphy- 
sema; distention  of  the  subcutaneous  connective  tis- 
sue  by  air. 

Aeroenterectasia  [a-er-o-en-ter-ek-ta1 'se-ah)  [afjp,  air; 
.intestine;  iicraatc,  dilatation].      Distention  of 
the  bowels  with  . 

Aerognosy  i    ["/,/>,    air;   yvootg,  knowl- 

edge].     See  ■  I 

Aerography  [a-er-og* -ra-fe)  [a^p, air;  ypa<p7/,SL  writing]. 
The  description  of  the  air  and  it-  qualities. 

Aerohydropathy  [a-er-o-hi-drop'-a-the)  \_ni/p,  air;  vdup, 
water:  iraBog,  disease].  Pneumatic  treatment  of  dis- 
ease, combined  with  hydropathy. 

Aerohydrous  [a-er-o-hi'-drus)  [<"//>,  air;  vfiup,  water]. 
Containing  air  and  water,  as  certain  minerals. 

Aerology  [a-er-ol' -o-je)  \afip,  air;  7u6yoc,  treatise].     The 
ience  of  the  air  and  its  qualities. 

Aerometer  [a-er-omf-et-er)  ["///',  air;  plrpov,  a  measure]. 
An  instrument  for  ascertaining  the  density  of  gases. 

Aerometry  i  a-er-onif -et-re)  [<i>/p,  air;  p&rpov,  a  measure] . 
The  science  of  measuring  the  density  of  gases. 

Aerophobia  fo'-be-ah)   \at)p,  air;  <f>6 fioq,  fear]. 

I  head  of  a  current  of  air ;  a  symptom  of  hydrophobia 
and  hysteria. 

Aerophoby  \a' -cr-o-fo-be)  [ar/p,  air;  oo,3oc,  fear].  See 
Aerophobia. 

Aerophone  [a' '-er-o-fon)  ["/,/».  air;  owiv/,  sound].  An 
instrument  for  increasing  the  amplitude  of  sound- 
wa' 

Aerophore  [af -er-o-fbr)  [nijp,  air  ;  <popeiv,  to  carry].  I. 
A  device  for  the  inflation  of  the  lungs  of  a  still-born 
child  with  air.  2.  A  breathing  apparatus  to  be  used 
by  firemen  and  others,  to  prevent  the  inhalation  of 
noxious  gases. 

Aerophyte  \a-er-o-fit)  [aijp,  air;  fi'Tov,  plant].  An  air- 
plant. 

Aeropinic  [a-er-o-pinf-ik)  [af/p,  air;  iriveiv,  to  drink]. 
Affected  with  the  habit  of  wind-sucking.  Applied  to 
a  horse  that  habitually  bites  his  crib  or  manger  and 
swallows  air. 

Aeroplethysmograph  (a-er-o-pleth-iz'-mo-graf)  \aifp, 
air;  irfajdoq,  fulness;  ypcupeiv,  to  write].  An  appara- 
tus for  registering  graphically  the  expired  air;  the 
latter  raises  a  very  light  and  carefully  equipoised  box 
placed  over  water,  and  this  moves  a  writing-style. 

Aeropneumonectasia  r-op-nu-mo-nek-ta' 'se-ah) 

\_'t>/f),    air;    jrvebiwv,  the    lung;     tKraoir;,    distention]. 
Emphysema  of  the  lungs. 

Aerorrhachia  Ui-cr-o-ra'-ke-ah)  [afip,  air;  />«,£<?,  the 
-pine].  An  accumulation  of  air  or  gas  in  the  spinal 
canal. 

Aeroscepsy  [a-er-oskep' se)  [«//p,  air;   cuiinc,   a  view- 
ing].     In    zoology,  the    power  of   perceiving  atin<>- 
pheric  changes. 

Aeroscope  ia'-er-o-skop)  [ai/p,  air;  onoireiv,  to  observe]. 
An  instrument  for  the  examination  of  air-dust.  Also, 
an  instrument  for  estimating  the  purity  of  the  air. 

Aeroscopy  [a-er-os' '-ko-pe)  [iii/p,  air;  gkottuv,  to 
observe].  The  investigation  of  atmospheric  condi- 
tions. 

Aerosis  [a-er-of  n  |  [atpeodai,  to  become  air].  Gas  for- 
mation within  the  body. 

Aerotherapeutics    {a-e-ro-tker-a-pu'-tiks)    \ai/p,     air; 
rve].      Pneumatotherapeutics ;  a  mode 
of  treating  diseasi    bj  varying  the  pressure  or  the  com- 
position  of  the  air  breathed. 


Aerotherapy  [a-er-o-ther* '-a-pe)  ["/,/>,  air;  depaneveiv, to 

serve].     See  Aerotherapeutics. 
Aerothorax    {a-er-o-tho* -raks)     [«///>,    air;     0&>pa%,    the 

chest].     See  Pneumothorax. 
Aerotonometer   [a-er-o-to-nom' -et-er)   \af]p,  air ;   t6voq, 

tension  ;  uirpov,  measure].  An  instrument  for  estimating 

the  ten-ion  of  gases  in  the  blood. 
Aerotropism     [a-er-of '-ro-pizm)    ["/,/>,  air;   rphreiv,  to 

turn].      In   biology,  the  deflection  of  roots    from    the 

normal  direction  of  growth  by  the  action  of  gases. 
Aerourethroscopy   (a-er-o-u-rlth'-rosko-pe)  [u'/p,  air; 

ovprjfipa,  urethra;  anonelv,  to  examine].    Urethroscopy 

conjoined  with  inflation  of  the  urethra  with  air. 
Aerozoa  [a-er-o-zo^-ah)  [aijp,  air;  ^(fX>v,  animal].     Same 

as  Aerobia. 
Aerteriversion  [a-er-ter-iv-er/shun)  [a^p,  air;  rr/piecv, 

to  hold;  vertere,  to    turn].      A    method   ol    arresting 

hemorrhage  by  everting  the   cut   end  of  an  artery,  in- 

vaginating  the  vessel  in  itself  and  fixing  the  parts  by  a 

needle. 
Aerteriverter  [a-er-ter-iv-er'-ter)  ["/'//>,   air;  -Tjpkeiv,  to 

hold;  vertere,  to  turn].     An  instrument  used  in  per- 
forating aerteriversion. 
iEruginous  (e-ru'-Jin-us).     See  Eruginous. 
^Erugo  (e-ru/-go)  [L. ,  gen.  sEruginis].     i.    Rust  of  a 

metal.      2.    Subacetate    of    copper.      JE.    Ferri,    the 

subcarbrinate  of  iron.     JE.  Plumbi,  lead  carbonate, 

or  subcarbonate. 
iErumna     {e-rum'-naJi)     [L,].      Mental    distress,     or 

mental  and  physical  distress  combined. 
JEs  (ez)  [I..].      Copper  or  brass.     See  Copper. 
Eschrolalia  (es-kro-la'-le-ah).     See  Eschrolalia 
yEschromythesis  (es-kro-mi-the'-sis).     See  Eschromy- 

thesis. 
^Esculin  {cs' -ku-liii).     See  Esculin. 
Esculus    hippocastanum    [es'-ku-lus    hip-o-kas'-ta- 

num)  [L. ].      Horse-chestnut.      The  fruit  of  the   com- 
mon  "  buckeye,"  or  horse-chestnut.       Recommended 

in  hemorrhoids.      Dose  gr.  iij.      Unof. 
/Estates   (es-ta/-tez)  [L.,  //.].     Freckles,  or  sunburn. 

See  Ephelis  and  Lentigo. 
Esthacyte     (es'-thasit)    [atnflqoic,    feeling;    ki'toc,    a 

cell].      In  biology,  one  of  the  sense-cells  of  sponges, 

discovered  by  Stewart. 
Esthematology    {es-the-nieit-ol'-o-je).       See  Esthetna- 

tology. 
Esthesia  {es-the'-ze-ah).     See  Esthesia. 
/Esthesin  (e^-thesin).     See  Esthesin. 
,/Esthesiogen  [es-the* se-o-jeri).     See  Esthesiogen. 
/Esthesiography  (es-the-se-og' -ra-fe).      See  Estht 

raphy. 
i^sthesiology  {r.-these-ol'-o-jr).     See  Esthesiology. 
.flLsthesiomania  [es-the-sc-o-ma' -ne-ali).    See  Esthesio- 

mania. 
iEsthesiometer   (es-the-sc-om' -et-er).     See    Esthesiom- 

eter. 
iEsthesiometry    (es-these-om'-ct-i-e).     See   Es//iesiom- 

etry. 
^Esthesioneurosis  [es-these-o-nu-ro,sis).     See  Esthe- 

sioneurosis. 
iEsthesis  (es-the'sis).     See  Esthcsis. 
iEsthesodic  [es-thesod* '-ik).     See  Esthesodic. 
Esthete  (,:<' '-thct\  [<  perceived  by  the  senses]. 

In   biology,  one  of  the  sense-organs  of  the  Chitonida 

described  by  Moseley. 
iEsthetica  [es-thef '-ik-ah)   [aiaH//aic,  percejition   by  the 

senses].       Diseases    characterized    by    impairment    or 

abolition  of  any  of  the  senses. 
iEsthophysiology     (es-tho-fiz-e-ol'-o-je).       See    Eslho 

phy 
jSLstival  (fs'-tiv-al).      See  Estival. 
Estivation  ( es-fh'-a'-shiot ).      See   Estiva/ion. 


iESTUARIUM 


49 


AGALAXY 


/Estuarium  [es-tu-a* '-re-um).     See  Estuarium. 
^stuation  {es-tu-a* -shun).     See  Estuation. 

JE%\.us  (es'-tus)  [I-].  1 1  tat  ;  i  »pei  tally  a  flushing,  or 
sudden  glow  of  heat.  JE.  volaticus,  wildfire  rash  ; 
strophulus. 

JElas  {e'-tas)  [L.J.      Age;    a  period  of  life.      Set-    /. 

.flLthalium  {e-thaf -le-uni)   [ai&afog,  smoke,  soot     i 
ring  to  the  spore-)].      In   l>iology,  a  placentoid  com- 
pound plasmodium  formed  by  certain  mycetozoa,  e.  g. , 
the  (lowers  of  tan. 

iEther  {e/-ther).     See  Ether. 

iEtherism  {e'-ther-izm).     See  Etherism. 

iEthiopification  {e-the-op-if-ik-a' -shun) .  See  Ethiopi- 
fication. 

^thiopiosis    {e-lhe-op-e-o'-sts).      See  Ethiopification. 

/Ethiops  (e'-the-ops)  [aidioty,  an  Ethiopian].  An  old 
term  for  any  black  mineral  powder  used  in  medicine. 
JE.  antimonialis,  a  black  triturate  of  mercury, 
antimony,  and  sulphur,  made  after  several  distinct 
formulae.  JE..  martialis,  blat  :k  iron  deutoxid.  JE. 
mineralis,  black  amorphous  triturate  of  mercury  with 
sulphur,  in  various  proportions. 

iEthusa  (e-lhu'-sah).      See  Ethusa. 

iEthusin  [e-thu'-sin).     See  Etkusin. 

Etiology  [e-te-ol'-o-je).     See  Etiology. 

Afebrile  {ah-fc'-bril)  [  <i  priv.  ;  febrilis,  feverish]. 
Without  fever. 

Afetal  (ah-fe'-tal)  [d priv. ;  fetus,  an  offspring] .  With- 
out a  fetus. 

Affection  {af-ek' '-shun)  \affccre,  to  affect].  A  syno- 
nym of  disease. 

Affective  {af-ek' -tir)  \afficere,  to  affect].  Exciting  emo- 
tion. A.  Faculties,  the  emotions  and  propensities — 
especially  those  peculiar  to  man.  A.  Insanity,  emo- 
tional or  impulsive  insanity. 

Affectus  {af-ek' -fns)  [L.].  A  disordered  condition. 
A.  animi,  an  attection  of  the  mind ;  mental  disorder. 
A.  suffocatorius.     Synonym  of  Diphtheria. 

Afferent  {af'-er-enf)  [afferens,  carrying  to].  Carrying 
toward  the  center.  Of  nerves :  conveying  impulses 
toward  the  central  nervous  system ;  sensory,  centri- 
petal. Of  blood-vessels  :  those,  as  arteries,  conveying 
blood  to  the  tissue,  sometimes  also  to  the  gills.  Of 
lymphatics :  those  conveying  lymph  to  a  lymphatic 
gland.     Compare  Efferent. 

Afferentia,  or  Vasa  afferentia  {ya'-sah  af-er-en'-she- 
ah)  [L.].  I.  The  lymphatic  vessels.  2.  Any  vessels 
carrying  blood  or  lymph  to  an  organ. 

Affiliation  {af-il-e-a* -shun)  [ad,  to;  filius,  son].  In 
medical  jurisprudence,  the  act  of  imputing  or  affixing 
the  paternity  of  a  child  in  order  to  provide  for  its 
maintenance. 

Affinity  (afin'-it-e)  \affinis,  akin  to].  Relationship. 
A  synonym  of  Attraction.  A.,  Chemical,  the  force 
exerted  at  inappreciable  distances,  and  between  definite 
and  invariable  weights  of  two  or  more  combining  sub- 
stances, whereby  bodies  of  dissimilar  nature  unite  to 
form  new  compounds.  Contradistinguished  from  co- 
hesion, which  is  an  attraction  between  molecules.  A., 
Elective,  the  preference  of  one  substance  for  another 
rather  than  for  a  third  or  fourth.  Affinity  is  spoken  of 
as  compound,  developed,  disposing,  divellent,  intermedi- 
ate, quiescent,  reciprocal,  or  synthetic,  according  to  the 
part  it  plays,  or  is  conceived  to  play,  in  any  chemical 
process. 

Alum  {af'-e-um)  [Arab.,  .-////?//].  The  Asiatic  name 
for  opium. 

Afflate  {af-laf)  \_afflatus,  blown  upon].  Sudden  in  its 
attack  ;   overwhelming. 

Afflatus   {afla'-tus)  [L.,  "a  blowing   upon"].      I.    A 
draft  or  blast  of  air.     2.  A  sudden  attack.      J.   A  sup- 
posed inspiration  or  divine  influence. 
4 


Affluence  {af'-lu-ens)  [affluenlia,  from  affluere,  to  flow 
to].  A  determination  or  influx,  a-  of  blood  to  a 
part. 

Affluent  (af  -lu-ent)  \affiuens,  (lowing  to].  1'ioducing 
a  congestion  ;  determinant  ;   (lowing  in  or  upon. 

Afflux  (af'-lux)  Xaffluere,  affluxus,  to  (low  toward]. 
The  How  of  the  blood  or  other  liquid  to  a  particular 
part. 

Affluxion  (  af-luk' -shun  )  \_affluere,  affluxus,  to  flow 
toward].      See  Afflu  \. 

Affusion  (af-u'-zhun)  \_affusio,  affuude/e,  to  pour 
upon].  Pouring  water  upon  a  substance  to  cleanse  it. 
or  upon  the  body  in  fevers  to  reduce  temperature  and 
calm  nervous  symptoms. 

A -form  Chronoscope.    See  Chronoscope. 

African  {af '-rik-an\  \Africa,  Latin  name  of  the  country]. 
Pertaining  to  Africa.  A.  Arrow-poison.  See  Stro- 
phanthus.  A.  Date-mark.  See  Furunculus  orien- 
talis.  A.  Fever.  Synonym  of  Dengue.  A.  Gum, 
gum  arabic.  See  .  I,  a,  ia.  A.  Lethargy,  or  Nelavan, 
a  "sleeping  sickness"  affecting  negroes  of  the  West 
African  coast.  Increasing  somnolence  1-  the  character- 
istic symptom.  It  is  very  fatal.  Death  after  emaciation 
follows  in  from  three  to  six  months.  Post-mortem 
examination  has  revealed  hyperemia  of  the  arachnoid, 
and  it  is  asserted  that  this  "  sleeping  sickness  "  is  only 
one  of  the  symptoms  of  Filariasis,  </.  v.  No  treatment 
avails.  A.  Pepper,  Chillies;  the  intensely  biting  fruit 
of  Capsicum  fastigiatum.      See  Capsicum. 

After  [af'-ter)  [A.  S., after,  back].  1.  The  amis.  The 
buttocks.  2.  Next  in  succession.  A.  Action,  the 
negative  variation  in  an  electrical  current  continuing 
for  a  short  time  in  a  tetanized  muscle.  A.  Birth,  the 
popular  designation  of  the  placenta,  cord,  and  mem- 
branes, sometimes  called  the  secundines.  A.  Brain. 
See  Hindbrain  and  Mefencephalon.  A.  Care,  the  care 
or  nursing  of  convalescents  ;  specifically,  the  treatment 
of  patients  discharged  as  cured  from  lunatic  asylums. 
A.  Cataract,  Cataracta  Secundaria  :  an  opacity  of  the 
media  of  the  eye  after  operation  for  cataract  due  to 
opacification  of  the  capsule  or  to  non-absorption  of  the 
remains  of  the  lens-substance.  A.  Damp,  a  poisonous 
mixture  of  gases,  such  as  carbon  monoxid  and 
carbon  dioxid,  found  in  coal  mines  after  an  explosion 
of  inflammable  gases.  A.  Hearing,  a  neurotic  con- 
dition in  which  sounds  are  heard  after  the  wave-motion 
that  produces  them  has  ceased.  A.  Images,  con- 
tinued retinal  impressions  after  the  stimulus  of  the 
light  or  image  has  ceased  to  act.  A  positive  after- 
image is  a  simple  prolongation  of  the  sensation ;  a 
negative  after-image  is  the  appearance  of  the  image  in 
complementary  colors.  After-sensations  may  be  also 
experienced  with  other  senses.  A.  Milk,  the  strip- 
pings  :  the  last  milk  taken  from  the  teat  at  any  one 
milking.  It  is  peculiarly  rich  in  butter,  as  compared 
with  the  fore-milk.  A.  Pains.  See  Pains.  A.  Per- 
ception, the  perception  of  a  sensation  after  the  stimulus 
has  passed  away.  A.  Sensation,  a  sensation  lasting 
longer  than  the  stimulus  producing  it.  A.  Taste,  a 
gustatory  sensation  produced  some  time  after  the  stimu- 
lus has  been  removed.     A.  Treatment.     See  .  I.  Care. 

Afterings  {af'-ter-ingz)  [A.  S.,  eefter,  after].  See 
After-milk. 

Agacement  des  Dents  [Fr.].  The  unpleasant  sensa- 
tion of  teeth  "  set  on  edge  "  from  contact  of  acid-. 

Agalactia  {ah-gal-ak1 '-te-ah)  [<i  priv.:  ydToa.,  milk]. 
Failure  or  insufficiency  of  the  mother" s  milk  after 
childbirth. 

Agalactous  [ah-gal-ak' -tus)  [a  priv.;  ;<//«,  milk]. 
1.  Without  milk.  2.  Not  suckled  ;  not  nourished  with 
milk. 

Agalaxy  {ah-gal'-ak-se).      See  Agalactia. 


AG  \i  i  i  m  ha 


;.i) 


AGGD  IMERATE 


Agallocha     |  ag-alf  ;  the     lignum 

aloes].     The  milky  jui<  tm.  a 

small    '  India.      The    juice   is   very   acrid,   and 

when  brought  in  contact  with  the  skin  blisters  it.  I  sed 
locally  for  the  cure  of  leprosy.     Unof. 

Agallochum  urn)    [djdAAo^ov,    the    lignum 

aloes].     Same  as  .  or  the  wood  of  the  tree 

that  produces  it  .  ;.  or  aloes-wood. 

Agalorrhea,  <>i  Agalorrhcea  re/-ah)  [d  priv. ; 

.■.milk;   pieiv,  to  flow].     A  cessation  of  the  flow 
.it   milk. 

Agamic  i    [d   priv.;   yd/zoc,  marriage],     i. 

In  biology,  not  sexual;  not  pertaining  to  the  ?e.\ual 
relation;  asexual  reproduction;  parthenogenesis. 

Agamogenesis    [ah-gam-o-jen' '-es-is)    [d    priv.; 

marriag  aeration].     Reproduction  without 

fecundation.  .  by  gemmation.     See  Parth 

Agamogenetic   [ah-gani-o-jen-ef -ik)   [d   priv.;     ; 
mat  Deration].     Pertaining  to  Agamo- 

Agamospore  [ah-gam' -o-spor)  [dpriv.;  yd//oc,  marri 

ring].     In  biology,  an  asexually  produced 

Aganactesis  [ag-an-ak-te' -sis)  [ayavaKr^atg,  physical 
pain].      Irritation;  physical  pain  or  uneasy  sensation. 

Aganoblepharon  [ag-an-o-blej '-ar-on    j 

mild-eyed].     Adhesion  of  the  eyelids  to  each  other. 

Agar-agar  ;'  %ar-a'-gar)  [Ceylon],  A  kind  of  glue 
made  from  certain  sea- weed.-.  >uch  as  Gracilaria 
lich  irtina  speciosa,   used  in   medicine 

to  make  suppositories,  and  in  bacteriological  studies  to 
make  a  solution  in  which  microorganisms  are  bred  or 
kei  >se. 

Agaric    [ag-ar'-ik)    [  ,    a    fungus    employed    as 

tinder  by  the  Agari  of  Sarmatia],  A  fungus  of  the 
genus  Agaricus,  e.g.,  the  mushroom  and  toadstool. 
See  Agaricus. 

Agaricic  Acid  |  ag-ar-isf-ik  as'-id) .    See  .  Icid,  Agaricic. 

Agaricin  (ag-ar' -is-in)  [see  Agaric"],  CIBH30Os       11,''. 

A  white  crystalline  substance,  the  active  principle  of 

iricus  albtts.      It   has  proved    useful    in  the  night 

of  phthisis  where  atropia  has  failed.      Dose  gr. 

Unof. 

Agaricus  ' -ik-us)    [see    Agaric].     A    genus    of 

the  family  of  Agaricini  or  Mushrooms.  A.  a 
Purging  Agaric,  unof.,  a  fungus  parasite  upon  the 
European  Larch;  it  contains  an  alkaloid,  agaricin,  and 
iric  arid.  It  is  used  as  a  drastic  purgative,  and  is 
valuable  in  night  sweats.  Dose  gr.  xxx-:jj  as  a  pur- 
gative;  gr.  xv  in  night  sweats.  A.,  Ext.,  Alcohol. 
Dose  gr.  iij— vj.  A.,  Ext.,  Liq.  l>ose  rrLiij— xx .  A., 
Tinct.  Dose  rtVxx-^j.  The  edible  specie-,  ./. 
campestris,  is  characterized  by  a  brownish  color, 
that  doc-  not  change  when  cut,  and  an  agreeable  taste. 
./.  ckirurgorum ,  Surgeon's  Agaric,  a  parasitic  fungus 
iierly  used  for  Moxa,  q.  v.  Soaked  in  solution 
of  potassium  nitrate  it  forms  spunk.  A.  mus- 
carius,  Fly  Agaric,  a  poisonous  mushroom,  containing 
an  alkaloid,  Muscarin,  q.v.,z  powerful  cardial 
sant.  Dose  of  the  alkaloid  gr.  *  s  — i j .  Muscarin 
Nitrate,  used  hypodermatically.       Dose  gr.  fo  j. 

Agaster  [ah-gas' -ter)  [n  priv.  ;  yaorfip,  the  stomach]. 
An  animal  without  a  stomach. 

Agastric  {ah-gas* -trik)  [d  priv.;  .  the  stomach]. 

Having  no  intestinal  canal,  as  the  tape- worm-. 

Agastronervia  i  [d  priv.  ;  ya 

the  stomach;    nervus,  a  nerve  or  sinew].      See  ./ 
n  n  ia. 

Agastrcneuria  ah)  [d  priv. ;   yao 

the    stomach  ;  I  )eficiency   in    the 

stimulus  sent  to  the  stomach. 


Agathin  [agf-ath-in)  [dyafldc,  good],  <"t.II4(<  >H).CH.- 
N.N  .<  Mi1  ,11,.  Salicyl-a^Ma-rnethyl-phenyl-hydra- 
/one,  obtained  by  the  interaction  of  salicylic  aldehyd, 
and    alpha-methyl  phenyl-hydrazin.    It   i-  a  greenish 

white,  crystalline    substance,   without   odor   oi    taste, 
insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether,  and 
melt-  at  740  C.     I  sed  a.-  an   anti-neuralgic   in  di 
of  eight  grains,  two  or  three  time-  daily.     Its  action  is 
cumulative.      Unof. 

Agave   i  ;  .   noble],     A    large  genus  of 

amaryllidaceous  plant-,  natives  of  North  America.  ./. 
americana,  American  Aloe,  the  leaves  of  a  plant 
growing  in  North  America.  It  i-  diuretic  and  anti- 
syphilitic.  Dose  of  the  lid.  ext,  3ss-j.  The  fresh 
juice  l-  al-o  similarly  employed.  The  fermented 
juice,  called  pulque,  is  a  moderately  stimulant  drink, 
very  popular  in  Mexico.     Unof. 

Age  i  ej)  [M.  1'...  ag,  ].  The  length  of  time  a  being  has 
existed;  also,  a  certain  stage  in  life.  The  period  of 
lite  is  divided  into  a  succession  of  ages,  a-  follows  : 
i.  Infancy,  from  birth  to  the  appearance  of  tin  tem- 
porary teeth.  2.  Childhood,  from  the  cutting  of  the 
first  permanent  teeth  to  puberty.  3.  Youth,  from  puberty 
to  the  attainment  of  the  full  stature,  that  i.-,  18  or  19 
for  girls,  21  to  22  for  boys.  4.  Maturity,  covers  the 
interval  from  youth  to  the  climacteric.  5.  Old-age,  or 
period  of  decline.  <  >ther  divisions  may  be  made,  as, 
e.g.,  those  of  embryonic  life,  of  immaturity,  of  ma- 
turity, of  sterility,   1 .  . 

Agenesia  {ah-jen-e'-se-ah}  [d  priv. ;  ,  1  «c,  generation]. 
A  term  somewhat  loosely  u^ed  to  designate  abnormal 
or  imperfect  development.  Also  impotence  and  ster- 
ility. In  botany,  the  asexual  development  of  the 
(lower. 

Agenesis  {ah-jen' '-es-is)  [d  priv.  ;  yiveaig,  generation]. 
I.  Impotence  ;  barrenness.  2.  Incomplete  and  defect- 
ive development. 

Agenosomus  [ah-jen-o-sof -mus)  [d  priv.  ;  yewav,  to 
beget;  capa,  body].  A  variety  of  single  autositic 
monsters,  of  the  species  Celosoma  in  which  there  is  a 
lateral  or  median  eventration  occupying  principally  the 
lower  portion  of  the  abdomen,  while  the  genital  and 
urinary  organs  are  either  absent  or  very  rudimentary. 

Agens  [a'-jenz)  [L.].  An  agent.  A.  Morbi.  See 
Morbi. 

Agent  [af-jent)  [  .•  .  to  act,  to  do].  A  substance  or 
force  that  by  its  action  effects  changes  in  the  human 
body. 

Agenus  [aj'-en-us)  [d  priv.;  offspring].     Cellu- 

lar plant-. 

Agenya  {ah-jen* -e-ah)  [d  priv.;  ykwg,  chin].  Congenital 
absence  of  the  chin. 

Agerasia    (aj-er  \hyrjpaaia,    eternal    youth]. 

Vigorous  old  age  ;   age  without  its  wonted  feebleness 

and   del  ;i\  . 

Ageusia  ih  or  ah-ju' '-se-ah)  [d  priv.;  yeiiatg, 

taste].     Abolition  of  the  sense  of  taste. 

Ageustia  (ah-giis'-te-ah)  [dpriv.;  yevaig,  taste].  Same 
as  .  /,  eusia. 

Agger  (,//'-, vi  [1..].  In  anatomy,  a  pile  or  mound.  A. 
nasi,  an  anterior  prolongation  and  elevation  ol  the 
mucous  membrane  covering  the  middle  turbinated 
bone;  its  direction  i-  almost  parallel  with  the  dorsal 
ridge  of  the  nose,  running  forward  and  downward  till 
it  reaches  verj  nearly  to  the  anterior  aperture  ol  the 
nostril.     A.  valvulse  venae  [//..  ./  valvula'- 

rum  vena'runi],  the  eminence  of  a  venous  valve; 
a  projection  within  the  lumen  of  a  vein  at  the  junction 
of  a  valve. 

Agglomerate  omerare,  to  wind  into 

a  ball].  Grouped  "i  clustered;  massed.  Crowded 
into  1       A.  Glands.     See  (.ilaud. 


AGGLUTINANT 


r.l 


AGRK  (RIGANUM 


Agglutinant  [ag-lu' -tin-ant)  [agglutinare,  to  paste  to]. 
Promotive  of  repair  by  adhesion  ;  favorable  to  agglu- 
tination. 

Agglutinate  [ag-lu' '-tin-St)  [agglutinare,  to  paste  to]. 
In  biology,  to  ^lui-  together;  to  unite  by  adhesion. 

Agglutination  [ag-lu-tin-a' -shun)  [agglutinare,  to  glue 
upon    or  tn].      A   joining  i-  applied 

healing  of  wounds  ;    it  is  called  immediate,  if  by  the 
first  intention  ;  m  dia    .  if  through  tin-  intermediation 
some  natural  plastic  material. 

Agglutinative   [ag-ltt' -tin-a-tiv)   {agglutinare,  to  glue 

upon  or  to],     i.   Favoring  agglutination;    adhesive. 

2.   Any  substance  with  adhesive   properties,  fitted  to 

in  the  r.l-. -hi   wounds  in  apposition.     Such  are 

caoutchouc,  collodion, 

Aggravation    [ag-ra-va' -shun)     [  .   to    make 

worse].  Increa.M-  in  severity,  as  of  a  disease,  symp- 
tom, or  pain 

Aggregate    i  at)    [a, I,  to;    gregare,    to    collect 

into  a  flock].  Grouped  into  a  mass.  A.  Glands. 
See'  Gland. 

Aggregation  ra'-shun)  [ad,  to;  gregare,  to  col- 

lect into  a  flock].  I.  The  massing  of  materials 
together.  2.  A  congeries  or  collection  of  bodies, 
mostly  of  such  as  an-  similar  to  each  other. 

Agitation  [aj-it-a' '-shun)  [agitare,  to  excite,  arouse]. 
I.  Fatiguing  restlessness  with  violent  motion  ;  mental 
disturbance.  2.  A  stirring  or  shaking,  as  in  phar- 
macy. 

Aglet!  Aiglet  [ag'-let,  dg/-let)  [M.  E.].  In  biology,  a 
drooping  anther  or  catkin. 

Aglia  {ag'-le-ah)  [L.].  A  speck  or  spot  upon  the 
cornea  or  on  the  white  of  the  eye. 

Aglobulia  [ah-glo-buf -le-ah)  [a  priv.;  globulus,  a  glo- 
bule]. A  decrease  in  the  quantity  of  red  blood 
corpuscles,  with  corresponding  increase  of  serum. 

Aglobulism  [ah-glob' -u-lizm)  [d  priv.  ;  globulus,  a 
globule].     Aglobulia;   oligocythemia. 

Aglobulous  [ah-glob' -u-lus)  [d  priv.;  globulus,  a  glo- 
bule].    Characterized  by  aglobulia. 

Aglossia  {ah-glos' '-e-ak)  [d  priv.  ;  ;><L<7<7«,  the  tongue]. 
Congenital  absence  of  the  tongue. 

Aglossostoma  [ah-glos-os' '-to-mah)  [d  priv.  ;  yXacoa, 
the  tongue  ;  OTOfia,  the  mouth].  A  fetal  monster  in 
which  there  is  a  mouth  without  a  tongue. 

Aglossus  [ah-glosf -us)  [ayhuooog,  without  a  tongue]. 
A  person  without  a  tongue. 

Aglutition  \ali-glu-tishf-un)  [a  priv.  ;  glutire,  to  swal- 
low].     Difficulty  in  swallowing;   inability  to  swallow. 

Agmatology  [ag-mat-ol' '-o-je)  [ayp.6g,  a  fracture;  Aoyog, 
discourse] .     The  science  or  study  of  fractures. 

Agmen  (agf-men)  [agmen,  a  multitude].  In  biology, 
a  taxonomic  group  between  a  class  and  an  order. 

Agminate  [ag/-min-dt)  [agmen,  a  multitude].  Aggre- 
gated, clustered.     A.  Glands.     See  Gland,  Peyer's. 

Agnail  (ag'-udl)  [A.  S.,  angncegl\  I.  Hangnail.  2.  A 
whitlow.     3.    A  corn  on  the  toe  or  foot. 

Agnathia  (ag-na' '-the-ah)  [a  priv.  ;  yvadog ,  a  jaw] .  Ab- 
sence or  defective  development  of  the  jaws. 

Agnathus  [agf -na-thus)  [a  priv.  ;  yvadog,  a  jaw].  A 
monster  with  no  lower  jaw. 

Agnea,  or  Agncea  [ag-ne/-ah)  [ayvoia,  want  of  percep- 
tion]. A  condition  in  which  the  patient  does  not 
recognize  things  or  persons. 

Agnew's  Operations.      See  Operations,  Tabic  of. 

Agnew's  Rectal  Chemise.  An  appliance  for  con- 
trolling hemorrhage  from  the  rectum.  It  consist: 
a  gum  catheter  to  the  end  of  which  are  attached  three 
square  pieces  of  mosquito-netting.  These  are  moist- 
ened with  a  solution  of  the  persulphate  of  iron,  and 
the  whole  introduced  into  the  rectum,  where  it  acts 
as  a  plug. 


Agnin      ■■ ;'  nin)    [agnu  ,  a  lamb],      A    fatty  -ub^tance 

derivable  from  sheep's  wool,  unmixed  with  water;  it 

is  harder,  darker,  and  ble  in  color  and  odor 

than  lanolin.     See  Lanolin  ami  Suint. 
Agnma   Membrana   | ■ ./,  ni'-nah  mem-bra'nah)   [I-.]. 

•■  The  lamb  like,  or  woolly,  membrane," — the  amnion. 
Agnus  castus   [ag/-nui  I    [!••]■     The   cl 

:;ts  ens/ us  ;    iti 

formerly  used   as  a    preservative  of  chastity,  and  its 

homeopathic  preparations  are  still  exhibited  a.-, 

phri  nli-i 
-ago'ga, -agogue  [i]  me  who  leads].      A  suffix, 

demiting  agents  that  drive  out  other  substances,  as  em- 

menagogues,  lithagog 
Agomphiasis     (ah-gom-Ji' '-as-is)    [a  priv.  ;     ; 

tooth],     Sam  n pilosis. 

Agomphious     [ah-gom* -fe-us)     [  ,     toothl 

Without  teeth. 

Agomphosis  (ah  '  ds)  [dpriv. ;  .a  tooth]. 

I.   Absence  of  the  teeth.     2.  A  loosening  or  looseness 
of  the  t 

Agonia  1  ve-ah)    [ayuvia,   a  conte.it  or  struggle]. 

I.    Distress  of  mind ;  ext  juish.     2.  Thedi 

struggle.     [ayovog,    barren].     Ba  ;    sterility; 

impotence.      A.  Bark.  la. 

Agoniadin  (ag-on-i' '-ad-in)  [ayovog,  barren],  Cj0Hu<  ',,. 
A  glucosid  found  in  Agonia  bark,  and  used  as  an  anti- 
periodic. 

Agonous  [ag/-o-nui  |  [ayovog,  unfruitful].  Barren  ;  im- 
potent. 

Agony  [ag/-o-ne)  [ayuvia,  a  content  or  struggle].  Vio- 
lent pain;   extreme'  anguish;   the  death-struggle. 

Agoraphobia  [ag-o-ra-fo' -be-ah)  [dj  o/jd,  a  market-place, 
assembly;  (popog,  fear].  1.  A  morbid  fear  of  open 
places  or  spaces;  kenophobia.  2.  Dread  of  assem- 
blies; morbid  dislike  of  crowds  or  of  associating  with 
others. 

Agoriada  {ag-o-re-ah'-dah)  [Sp.].  The  Brazilian  tree, 
Plumieria  laud  folia,  and  its  febrifuge  bark. 

Agoriadin  [ag-o-ri' '-ad-in)  [Sp.],  C10H14OB.  A  glu- 
cosid, probably  the  active  principle  of  Agoriada. 

-agra  [aypa,  a  seizure].  A  Greek  word  added  as  a 
suffix  to  various  roots  to  denote  seizure,  severe  pain  ; 
as  podagra,  etc. 

Agrammatism  (ah-gram' -at-izm)  [a  priv.  ;  ypaupa,  a 
word].  A  phenomenon  of  aphasia,  consisting  in  the 
inability  to  form  words  grammatically,  or  the  suppres- 
sion of  certain  words  of  a  phrase.      See  Aphasia. 

Agraphia  (ah-graf-e-ah)  [it  priv.;  ypd<peiv,  to  write]. 
Inability  to  express  ideas  by  writing.  In  some  cases 
not  a  single  letter  can  be  finned;  in  others,  words, 
and  a  number  of  words,  without  meaning,  can  be 
written.  See  Aphasia.  A.,  Musical,  pathological 
loss  of  the  ability  to  write  musical  notes. 

Agraphy  \ag'-ra-fe)  [a  priv.;  ypayeiv,  to  write].  Same 
as  Agraphia. 

Agrestial  (ag-res' '-te-al)  [agrestis,  rural].  In  biology, 
growing  wild  in  the  fields. 

Agria  (  ■  1  [ayptoc,  wild].      A  pustular  eruption  ; 

malignant  pustule  ;   herpes. 

Agrielcosis  [ag-re-el-ko/-sis)  [aypiog,  wild;  e'/.Kooig, 
ulceration].  A  malignant  or  uncontrollable  ulcera- 
tion. 

Agrimony  (ag* '-rim-o-ne)  [ayp6g,  a  field  ;  u6vog,  alone]. 
The  root  of  Agrimonia  eupatoria.  A  mild  astringent. 
Dose  of  tld.  ext.    ^  --  \\.      L'nof. 

Agriopsoria  (ag-re-op-so/-re-ah)  [ayptog,  wild;  i'upa, 
itch].  An  incurable  or  severe  attack,  or  variety,  ot 
itch. 

Agrioriganum     [ag-re-o-rig'-an-um)     [aypiog,     wild  ; 
bpiyavov,    origanum].       Wild     Marjoram,     Origanum 
arc. 


AGRK  »'l  IIVMIA 


:,•> 


AIR 


Agriothymia  ■tklm/-e-ah  |  [akpioq,  wild  ;  ft 

mind,  will].      Maniacal  fury;    it  is  variously  divided 
oi  i  lassed  .1-  ambitious,  hydrophobic,  religious,  etc. 

Agrippa  |  [L.].      -^  person  born   with  the 

feet  foremost. 

Agromania  te-ah)    [aypdf,  a   field;  /• 

madness].      A  mania  for  living  in  the  country. 

Agrostography  [aypuortc,    conch- 

grass;  t"  write],     S        I     ostology. 

Agrostology  "      conch-grass; 

/.;..').  to  speak  of].      Tin-  botan)  of  grass 

Agrypnetic  \.-J<  ^rip-net' '-ik)  [u  priv.;  inrvog,  sleep].  I. 
Sleepless;  wakeful.      2.  Preventing  sleep ;  agrypnotic. 

Agrypnia  ~ipf-ne-ak)     [aypioc,    restless;     inrvog, 

sleep].      I  —  "I  sleep,  sleeplessness,  Insomnia,  ,/.v. 

Agrypnocoma  [ah-grip-no-kor -mah)  [iypi/Trvog,  sleep- 
[ess  ;  KUfia,  coma].  Coma  vigil  ;  wakeful  lethargy, 
with  low  muttering  delirium. 

Agrypnotic  [ak-grip-notf -ik)  [a  priv.  ;  Djtvoc,  sleep]. 
1.  Preventing  sleep;  causing  wakefulness.  2.  A 
medicine  that  prevents  si 

Aguardiente  ir-de-enf-td)  [Sp.].    Ardent  spirits  ; 

brandy  or  rum. 

Ague  1  [acutus,  -harp,  acute ;  Yv. ,  <ii-it~\.     Malarial 

or  intermittent  fever,  characterized  by  paroxysms,  or 
stages,  of  chill,  fever,  and  sweating  at  regularly  recur- 
ring times,  and  followed  by  an  interval  or  intermission 
whose  length  determines  the  epithets,  quotidian,  ter- 
tian, etc.  In  some  cases  there  is  a  double  paroxysm, 
ami  hence  called  double  quotidian, double  tertian. 
The  duration  of  each  paroxysm  varies  from  two  to 
twelve  hours.  The  most  frequent  and  important  com- 
plication of  intermittent  fever  is  pneumonia,  the  con- 
solidation occurring  very  suddenly.  In  tin-  blood  of 
many  malarial  patients  a  minute  hematozoan,  the 
hematomonas  malaria,  has  been  found.  They  are 
seen  in  the  red  corpuscles,  are  hyaline,  and  include 
pigment  granules.  They  gradually  increase  in  size, 
till  the  cell,  a  process  of  segmentation  occur.-,  tin- 
cell  wall  break-  down,  and  the  segments,  each  contain- 
ing a  pigment  granule,  are  set  free.  These  are  oval 
and  possess  one  to  three  llagella.  These  bodies  dis- 
appear under  the  use  of  quinin.  A.  Aden.  See 
Dengue.  A.,  Brass-founders',  a  disease  common 
among  bra--  founders,  characterized  by  symptoms 
somewhat  resembling  an  imperfect  attack  of  inter- 
mittent fever,  the  recurrence  of  the  paroxyms,  however, 
rig  irregular.  The  direct  cause  1-  generally  thought 
to  be  the  inhalation  of  the  fumes  of  deflagrating  zinc  or 
"spelter."  A.,  Brow,  intermittent  neuralgia  of  the 
brow.  A.  Cake,  chronic  enlargement  of  the  spleen 
in  diseases  of  malarial  origin.  A.,  Catenating,  ague 
associated  with  other  diseases.  A.  Drop.  See  Fowler's 
Solution.  A.,  Dumb,  latent  ague;  masked  ague; 
ague  with  no  well-marked  chill,  and  with  at  most  only 
partial  or  -light  periodicity.  A.,  Latent,  sec  .-/., 
Dumb.  A.,  Leaping,  a  term  for  the  dancing  mania. 
A.,  Masked.  See  . /.  Dumb.  A.  Tree,  common 
jafras.  A.  Weed.  1.  See  Grindelia.  2.  The 
1: 11  p<  1  tor nini  perfolialum,  or  thorough-wort. 

Agynary  [aj' -in-a-re)  [</  priv.;  ,>■'',.  female].  In 
biology,  having  no  pistil, as  a  double  flower. 

Agynous  [ajf  in  «j)[opriv.;  ywij,  female].  In  biology, 
destitute  of  female  reproductive  organs. 

Ahypnia     [ak-hip '-ne-ak)     [«    priv.  ;  sleep]. 

Sleeplessness. 

Ahypnosis     [ah- kip-no* -sis)     \avnvia,    sleepl- 

Entire  absence  of  the  capacity  to  sleep,  most   marked 
in  insanity. 

Aichmophobia  [ak-mo-ftZ-be-ah)  [«<y///, ,  a  spear  point  ; 
.  to  fear].      An  extravagant  dread  of  -harp  or 
pointed  instruments. 


Aid-Forceps  [ad' '-/or-seps)  [Fr.,  aide;  forceps"].  A 
device  for  making  safe  and  effective  tracii.ni  upon  the 
obstetrical  forceps  by  means  of  a  fillet  or  tape  and  a 
dj  namometer. 

Aidoio-  [a-doi'-d).     See  Ede 

Aidoiomania  [a-doi-o-mar-ne-ah).     See  Edeomania. 

Aiglet  [a  See  .  Igiet. 

Aigret,  Aigrette  [a'-gret,  a-gret').  In  biology,  same  as 
Egret. 

Ailanthus  [a-lan* -thus)  [Malacca,  Ailanto,  "tree  of 
heaven"].  The  bark  of  ./.  glandulosa,  commonly 
known  as  Tree  of  Heaven.  Properties  due  to  an 
oleore-in  and  a  volatile  oil.  A  nauseant  ami  drastic 
purgative,  constituting  an  excellent  anthelmintic  against 
tape-worm.  A,  Ext.  Fid.  Dose  tr^x-gj.  A.,  Tinct. 
I  >ose  n\x— 3  ij. 

Ailing  [al'-ing)  [M.  K. ,  eyle\  Indisposed;  out  of 
health  ;    not  well. 

Ailment  [aV-ment  1  [M.  E. ,  eyle~\.  A  disease  ;  sickness; 
complaint;  usually  used  in  reference  to  chronic  dis- 
order-. 

Aimorrhea  {am-or-e' -ah)  [<«7'<7> blood  ;  /Wa,a  flowing]. 
A  bleeding,  or  hemorrhage. 

Ainhum  (in-yoonf)  [negro  word,  meaning  to  saw"].  A 
disease  in  Guinea  and  Hindostan,  peculiar  to  negroes, 
in  which  the  little  toes  are  slowly  and  spontaneously 
amputated  at  about  the  digito  plantar  fold.  Theprocess 
is  very  .-low,  doe-  not  affect  other  toes  or  parts,  is  un- 
accompanied by  any  constitutional  symptoms,  and  its 
i  ause  is  unknown.  It  sometimes  attacks  the  great  toe. 
Called  al-o  Dactylo'ysis  spontanea. 

Air  \_iii/j>  from  aeiv,  to  blow,  or  breathe].  The  chief 
part  of  the  atmosphere.  Atmospheric  air  consists 
of  a  mixture  of  77  parts  by  weight,  or  79.19  by  vol- 
ume, of  nitrogen,  and  23  part-  by  weight,  or  20.81  by 
volume,  of  oxygen,  with  3.7  to  6.2  parts  by  volume  of 
<  !t  1.,  in  10,000  parts.  loo  cubic  inches  weigh  30,935 
grain-.  The  pressure  of  the  air  at  sea-level  is  about 
14  \,.  pounds  upon  the  square  inch.  A.,  Alkaline, 
free  or  volatile  ammonia.  A.,  Azotic,  nitrogen.  A. 
Bag.  See  A.  Cushion.  A.  Bath,  therapeutic  ex- 
posure to  air  that  may  be  heated,  condensed,  or 
variously  medicated.  See  Bath.  A. -bed,  an  air- 
tight, rubber,  inflated  mattress  employed  in  conditions 
requiring  long  confinement  to  bed.  A. -bladder.  See 
./.  r  ncle.  A  Bubbles,  in  microscopy,  are  prepared 
by  heating  a  drop  of  thin  mucilage.  They  are  useful 
as  a  test  for  central  light.  In  oblique  light  the  bright 
spot  will  appear  on  tin-  side  away  from  the  mirror. 
A. -cell,  an  air-sac;  an  air-vesicle  of  the  pneumonic 
tissue.  A.,  Complemental,  is  that  that  can  still 
be  inhaled  after  an  ordinary  inspiration.  A.  Con- 
duction, a  method  of  testing  the  hearing  power  by 
mean-  of  a  watch  held  at  varying  distances  from  the 
ear,  or  by  tin-  employment  of  a  number  of  tuning 
forks  of  varying  pitch.  See  Bone  Conduction.  A.- 
cure,  the  therapeutic  employment  of  air.  A. -cush- 
ion. A  cushion  filled  with  air;  usually  made  of  soft 
india-rubber.  A.,  Dephlogisticated,  an  old  name 
for  (  Ixygen.  A. -douche.  The  inflation  of  the 
middle  ear  with  air.  A. -duct.  See  Pint.  A.- 
embolism,  free  air  in  the  blood  vessels  during  life, 
or  the  obstruction  due  to  it.  A.,  Expired,  that 
driven  from  the  lungs  in  expiration.  A.,  Facti- 
tious, carbon  dioxid.  A.,  Fixed,  an  old  name  tor 
carbon  dioxid  (carbonic  acid).  A.  Hunger.  See 
Diabetes  mellitu  .  A.,  Inspired,  that  taken  into  the 
lungs  on  inspiration.  A.,  Mephitic,  carbon  dioxid. 
A. -meter.  See  Anemomett  r.  A.  Passages,  the 
nan-,  mouth,  larynx,  trachea,  and  bronchial  tubes. 
A.,  Phlogisticated,  nitrogen.  A. -pump,  an  appar- 
atus for  exhausting  or  compressing  air.      A.,  Rererve 


AJ<  )\VAN 


53 


ALBICATK  >\ 


or  Supplemental,  that  that  can  still  be  exhaled  after 
an  ordinary  expiration.  A.,  Residual,  that  remain- 
ing in  the  lungs  after  the  most  complete  expiration 
possible.  A. -sac.  See  Air-vesicle.  A. -space,  a 
space  in  tissue  tilled  with  air  or  other  gases  arising 
from  the  separation,  rupture,  or  absorption  >>l  cells. 
A.,  Stationary,  that  remaining  in  tin-  lungs  'luring 
normal  respiration.  A.,  Supplemental.  See  ./., 
Reserve.  A. -tester,  an  instrument  lor  testing  the 
impurity  of  the  air.  A.,  Tidal,  that  taken  in  and 
given  out  at  each  respiration.  A. -vesicle,  any  small 
air-space,  especially  the  expanded  terminal  portion  of 
a  minute  or  ultimate  bronchial  vessel.  A.,  Vital,  an 
old  name  for  ( >xygen.      See  Atmosphere. 

Ajowan  iaj'-oo-an)  [E.  End.].  Bishop's  Weed.  The 
fruit  of  Ammi  copticum.  Carminative  and  antiseptic. 
It  has  been  recommended  in  coin:,  diarrhea,  etc.  Dose 
of  the  ild.  ext.  tT^x-xxx. 

Akamathesia,  Akamathesis.     See  Akatamathesia. 

Akanthesthesia  [a-kan-thes-the' '-ze-ah )  [atcavOa,  a 
thorn;  iioBi/oig,  sensation],  A  form  of  paresthesia 
or  perverted  sensation  in  which  there  is  a  feeling  as 
of  a  sharp  point. 

Akanthion  [a-kan'-the-on).     See  Acanthion. 

Akatamathesia  [ah-kat-am  ath-e' '-ze-ah)  [dpriv.;  nara- 
U&dqoig,  understanding].      Inability  to  understand. 

Akataphasia  [a-kat-af-a'-se-ah).      See  Acataphasia. 

Akazga  ya-ka z'-gaK)  [African].  A  poisonous  plant  of 
West  Africa,  probably  a  Strychnos.  Also  its  bark, 
and  an  amorphous  extractive  derived  from  it.  It  is 
one  of  the  African  ordeal  poisons  and  contains 
akazgin. 

Akazgin  {a-kaz'-giri)  [African].  An  alkaloid  from 
akazga  ;  its  effects  are  much  like  those  of  strychnia. 

Akene  [ak'-en).     See  Achenium. 

Akido-galvano-cautery  [ak-id-o-gal-van-o-ka-uZ-te-re) 
[(i/v'C,  needle  ;  Galvani;  icawfypiov,  a  branding-iron]. 
Galvanic  cauterization  by  the  needle  electrode. 

Akidopeirastic  (ak-id-o-pi-ras'-tik)  [aid],  aide,  needle  ; 
TzeipaariKoq,  proving].  Relating  to  the  exploratory 
puncture  of  a  diseased  area  by  means  of  a  stout  needle. 

Akinesia  {ah-kin-e'-se-ah).     See  Acinesia. 

Akinesis  [ah-kin-er -sis)  [a  priv.  ;  Karqaic,  quiescence]. 
Absence  or  imperfection  of  movement.  Applied  to  the 
heart's  diastole  and  to  immotility  of  the  iris  ;  also  to  any 
lack  of  motility,  especially  when  due  to  some  central  or 
cerebral  cause.  A.  Algera,  an  affection  manifested 
by  voluntary  abstinence  from  movement  on  account  of 
the  pain  of  movement,  without  any  apparent  cause  of 
pain. 

Aknemia  [ak-ne'-me  ah).     See  Acnemia. 

Akology  (ak-ol'-o-je).     See  Aceology. 

Akral  {ak'-ral)   [inpog,  extreme].     See  Cephalic. 

Akrokinesis  [ak-ro-kin-e'-sis).      See  Acrocinesis. 

Akromegaly  [ak-ro-meg'-a-le).     See  Acromegalia. 

Akromikria  [ak-ro-mik' '-re-ah).      See  Acromicria. 

Akroposthitis  (ak-ro-pos-thi' -tis).      See  Acroposthitis. 

Akyanopsia  {ah-ki-an-op'  -se-ah).     See  Acyanopsia 

Al.  The  Arabic  definite  article,  the,  prefixed  to  many 
words  to  designate  preeminence,  etc.,  as  alkali,  alco- 
hol. In  chemical  nomenclature  it  is  used  as  a  suffix 
to  denote  similarity  to  or  derivation  from  an  aldehyd, 
as  chloral,  butyral,  etc. 

Ala  \a'-lah)  [L.,  a  wing:  //. ,  A  lie].  A  name  of 
various  wing-shaped  parts  or  appendages.  In  biology, 
the  side  petal  of  a  papilionaceous  corolla.  A.  Auris, 
the  pinna  of  the  ear.  A.  Cinerea,  a  triangular  space 
of  gray  matter  in  the  fourth  ventricle  of  the  brain, 
probably  giving  origin  to  the  pneumogastric  nerves. 
A.  Majores,  I.  The  greater  wings  of  the  sphenoid.  See 
Alisphenoid".  2.  The  external  labia  pudendi.  A. 
Minores.      I.    The  lesser  win 's  of  the  snhenoid.      2. 


The  labia  minora  pudendi.  A.  Nasi,  the  lateral  car- 
tilage of  the  nose.  A.  Pontis.  See  Ponti cuius.  A. 
Pulmonum,  the  lobes  of  the  lung.  A.  of  Sacrum, 
the  flal  triangular  surface  of  bone  extending  outward 
fr<  'in   the   base  of  the  sacrum, 

magnus  muscle.  A.  Vespertilionis,  the  broad  liga- 
menl  of  the  uterus.  A.  Vulvae,  the  labia  of  the 
pudendum.  Applied  also  to  the  armpits,  parts  of  the 
sphenoid,  vomer. 

Alalia  (al-a'-le-ah)  [a  priv.  ;  "KaTud,  talk].  1.  Impaired 
or  losl  articulation  from  paralysis  of  the  muscles  of 
speech  or  from  local  laryngeal  disease.  2.  Aphasia 
due  to  a  psychic  disorder. 

Alalic  [al-a'-lik)  [a  priv.  ;  '/a'/.ni,  talk].  Characterized 
by  or  pertaining  to  alalia. 

Alanin  {al'-an-in)  [L.,  aldehyde"],  < ',!  I.\<  >,.  Lac- 
tamic  acid.  An  organic  base  obtained  by  heating 
aldehyd  ammonia  with  hydrocyanic  acid  in  the  pi 
ence  of  an  excess  o|  IIC1  ;  it  occurs  in  aggregated  hard 
nodules  with  a  sweetish  taste  ;  soluble  in  live  parts  of 
told  water;  with  more  difficulty  in  alcohol  ;  insoluble 
in  ether.  When  heated,  it  commences  to  char  at 
about  2370;  it  melts  at  2550  and  then  sublimes. 

Alaninate  (al-an'-in-at)  [1...  aldehyde].  A  salt  of 
alanin.  A.  of  Mercury,  a  crystalline,  soluble  com- 
pound of  mercurv  and  alanin  ;  antisyphilitic.  Dose 
gr.  JjtoX-      Unof. 

Alan/son's  Operation.      See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Alant  Camphor.     See  Helenin. 

Alantin  (al-an'-tin)  [Ger. ,  alant,  elecampane].  Same 
as  I  mil  in. 

Alantol  [al-an'-tol)  [Ger. ,  a/an/,  elecampane  ;  oleum. 
oil],  C.20H2.2O.  Inulol.  An  aromatic  liquid  obtained 
from  elecampane ;  used  like  creosote  for  phthisis. 

Alar  (a/-lar)  \ala,  wing].  Winglike.  In  biology, 
situated  in  the  forks  of  a  stem.  A.  Ligaments, 
lateral  synovial  folds  of  the  ligament  of  the  knee-joint. 
A.  Odontoid  Ligaments,  lateral  ligaments  of  the 
odontoid  process.  Alares  musculi,  the  pterygoid 
muscles.  Alares  venae,  superficial  veins  at  the  bend 
of  the  arm.  Alaria  ossa,  lateral  processes  of  the 
sphenoid  bone. 

Alaris  (al-a/-ris)  [a/a,  wing].    Wing-shaped.    See  Alar. 

Alary  (a'-lar-c)  [a/a,  a  wing].  In  biology,  pertaining 
to  wings  ;  wing-shaped. 

Alate  (a'-lat)  [a/a,  a  wing].  In  biology,  winged  or 
having  winglike  borders  or  expansions ;  alifen>u> ; 
aligerous. 

Alate-pinnate  [a* '-lot-pin' '-at)  [a/a,  awing;  pinna,  a 
feather].  In  biology,  a  pinnate  leaf  having  a  winged 
petiole. 

Alba  (al'-bak)  [L. ,  "white"].  The  white  fibrous 
tissue  of  the  brain  and  nerves. 

Albadara  (al-bad-a'-rah)  [Arabic].  An  old  name  for 
the  basal  joint  of  the  great  toe. 

Alban  {aV-ban)  [alius,  white],  C,0H16O.  A  white 
resin  that  may  be  extracted  from  gutta  percha. 

Albedo  [al-be/-do)  [L.,  "whiteness"'].  Whiteness. 
A.  retinae,  retinal  edema.  A.  unguis,  or  unguium, 
the  lunula  of  the  nail ;  the  white  semilunar  place 
at  the  root  of  a  finger  nail. 

Albescent  [al-bes/-ent)  [albescere,  to  become  white]. 
Whitish  ;  moderately  white. 

Albicans  [alr -be-kanz)  [albicare,  to  grow*  white]. 
White  ;  whitish.  Used  as  the  name  of  either  of  the 
corpora  albicantia  at  the  base  of  the  brain. 

Albicant  (aF-be-kant)  [albicare,  to  be  white].  See  Al- 
bescent. 

Albicantia  [al-be-kan' '-she-ah)  [L.].  Plural  of  Albi- 
cans.     See  ( 'orpora. 

Albication  [aJ-be-ka* '-shun)  [albicare,  to  be  white].  In 
biology,  a  growing  white. 


ALBIO  'Ml  S 


54 


AI.1U  MI.\<»K 


Albicomus  (al-be-ko* '-mtts)   [albus,  white  ;   coma,  hair], 

I  laving  white  hair. 

Albiduria    (al-bid-uf  [albidus,     white; 

urine].      White  urine. 

Albiflorous  'bus,  white  \flos,  a  fiowei  ] 

In  biology,  bearing  white  flowers. 

Albinism  Albinismus    yal-bin-iz'-mns) 

white].  Congenital  Achroma;  Congenital 
Leukoderma.  That  condition  of  the  skin  in  which 
there  i-  a  congenital  absence  of  pigment  unaccom- 
lied  l>y  textural  changes  in  the  skin,  and  involving 
it-,  entire  surface,  including  the  pilary  filaments  and  the 
choroid  coats  and  irides  of  the  eyes.  Usually  a 
dated  with  nystagmus,  photophobia,  and  astigmatism. 

Albino  . ,:.'  '/'-/;.  -i  [Sp].  A  person  affected  with  al- 
binism.  Also  an  animal  or  plant  differing  from  the 
normally  colored  members  of  its  kind  by  being  white 
or  I 

Albinotic  (al-bin-ot'-ik)  [Sp.].    Affected  with  albinism. 

Albinuria  [al-bin  -u'->\  -ah  \  [albus,  white;  ovpelv,  to  mic- 
turate]. I.  Chyluria ;  whiteness  of  the  urine.  2.  Al- 
buminuria. 

Albizzia  (al-bitzl -e-ah)  [Ital.,  Albizzi,  a  Tuscan  proper 
name].  A  genus  of  leguminous  plants.  .1.  anthel- 
mintht  -      Moussena. 

Albolene  [of -bo-liri)  [albus,  white;  oleum,  oil].  A 
hydrocarbon  oil,  colorless,  tasteless,  odorless,  and  not 
affected  by  exposure  to  air  or  strong  acids.  It  is  a 
form  of  lanolin,  and  is  used  as  an  application  to  in- 
flamed surfaces  and  for  spraying  the  respiratory  pas- 
sage,. 

Albuginea  (al-bu-jin' -e-afi)  [albus,  white].  White,  or 
whitish.  A.  oculi,  the  sclerotic  coat  of  the  eye. 
A.  ovarii,  and  testis,  the  tunica  albuginea  of  the 
ovary  and  testicle.  The  spleen,  the  epididymis,  the 
penis,  and  the  kidneys  have  each  an  investment  or 
capsule  called  albuginea  or  tunica  albuginea. 

Albugineous  (al-bu-jin' '-e-us)  [albus,  white].  I.  Whit- 
ish.     2.  Resembling  the  white  of  an  egg. 

Albuginitis  (al-bu-jin-i'-tis)  [albus,  white  ;  trig,  inflam- 
mation].     Inflammation  of  a  tunica  albuginea. 

Albugo  (al-bu'-gd)  [I-].  I-  A  white  spot,  as  upon  the 
cornea.  2.  A  whitish,  scaly  eruption.  3.  The  white 
of  an  egg. 

Albumen   (al'-bu-men  or  al-bu'-men)    [albus,  white]. 
The  white  of  an  egg.      See  Albumin. 

Albumenoid  (al-bu' '-men-oid).     See  Albuminoid. 

Albumenuria  [al-bu-men-u' '-re-ab).     See  Albuminuria. 

Albumimeter  (al-bu-mim'-et-er)  [albus,  white ;  /uirfiov, 
measure].     An  instrument  for  determining 
the    quantitive    estimation  of    albumin    in 
urine,  or  in  any  compound  or  mixture. 

Albumin    (al-bu'-min)    [albus,    white].     A 
pn  bstance,    the    chief    constituent 

of  the  body.  Its  molecule  is  highly  com- 
plex and  varies  widely  within  certain  limits 
in  different  organs  and  condition-  It  con- 
tains approximately  the  following  percent- 
ages: Carbon  5 1. 5  to  54.5  ;  hydrogen  6.9 
to  7.3;  nitrogen  15.2  to  17.0  ;  oxygen  20.9 
to  23.5;  sulphur  0.3  to  2.0  Its  approxi- 
mate formula  is  1  -  .1  I  i  ,  A,.'  '  .^-  Albumen, 
white  of  egg,  often  called  albumin,  is 
largely  ■  it.     Other  varieties  are 

called  after  their   sources  or  characteristic 
ictions,  n>   acid-albumin,  alkali-albumin, 
mu  rum-,    ovum-,    vegetable-albu- 

min,?/^.     Normal  albumin  is  the  type  of  a 
group  of  proteids  known  as  albumins.     For  .,  _, 
tne  various  test    for  albumin,  see  lablc  of       ter. 

,  under   Test.      S  .  and 

Native  Albumins.      A.    of    Bence-Jones,   a  variety 


found    in     p-etido  albuminuria.      It    does    not     give    a 

precipitate  with  an  excess  of   HNOs  except  on  stand 
ing,  when  a  coagulum  forms  that  will  be  redissolved 
i>!i  beating.      A.,  Blood.     See  Serum-albumin.     A., 
Caseiform,  that   variety  not  coagulated  by  heat,  but 
precipitated   by  acids.     A.,   Circulating,  that  found 
in  the  thuds  of  the  body.     A.  Crystals.     See  Cry 
loids.     A.,  Derived,  a  modification  of  albumin  result 
ing  from  the  action  of  certain  chemicals.      A.,  Egg-. 
Se<     Egg-albumin.     A.,  Muscle-,  a  vanity  found  in 
muscle-juice.      A.,  Native,    any  albumin    occurring 
normally  in   the  organism.      A.,  Organic,  that   form 
ing  an  integral  part  of  the  tissue.      A.,  Serum-.      See 
Serum-albumin.     A.,  Test  Solution    of,  a    filtered 
solution  of  the   white  of  an   egg  in   loo  c.c.  of  di  - 
tilled  water.     A.,  Vegetable,  that  form  that  is  found 
in  various  vegetable  juices. 

Albuminate  {al-bu' -min-St)  [albus, -white].  The  com- 
pound of  albumin  and  certain  bases,  as  albuminate  of 
iron,  or  of  iron  ami  potassium,  etc. 

Albuminaturia  (al-bu-min-St-u'-re-ah)  [albus,  white; 
ovpov,  urine].  The  abnormal  presence  of  albuminates 
in  the  urine. 

Albuminiferous  (al-bu-min-if '-cr-us)  [albumin  ;  ferre, 
to  bear].      Sec  Albuminiparous. 

Albuminimeter(<7/7///-w//r/w/-,/-<7-).  See  Albumimeter. 

Albuminin  (al-bu' -min-in)  [albumin].  The  non-ni- 
trogenous substance  of  the  cells  that  enclose  the  white 
of  birds'  eggs. 

Albuminiparous  (al-buniin-ip'-ar-us)  [albumin  ;  pa- 
rere,  to  produce].      Yielding  albumin. 

Albuminogenous  (al-bu-min-oj'-en-us)  [  albumin  ; 
yevfjG,  producing].      Producing  albumin. 

Albuminoid  (al-bu' -min-oid  )   [albumin  :  eifiog,  form]. 

1.  Resembling  albumin.  Applied  to  certain  com- 
pound-, having  many  of  the  characteristics  of  albumin. 

2.  Any  nitrogenous  principle  of  the  class  of  which 
normal  albumin  may  be  regarded  as  the  type.  A. 
Disease,  also  spoken  of  as  lardaceous,  waxy,  or 
amyloid  degeneration.  A  form  of  degeneration  usu- 
ally affecting  simultaneously  a  number  of  the  viscera, 
and  occurring  secondarily  to  some  preexisting  disease. 
Those  viscera  most  usually  the  seat  of  the  change  are, 
in  the  order  of  frequency,  the  spleen,  liver,  kidneys, 
intestine  and  lymph  glands.  The  tissues  around  the 
capillary  vessels  are  first  affected;  from  these  centers 
it  spreads  till  the  whole  organ  or  section  presents  a 
pale,  glistening,  waxy,  or  bacon-like  appearance.  This 
is  due  to  the  infiltration  of  a  peculiar  proteid  substance, 
lardacein,  which,  with  iodin,  gives  a  deep  mahogany 
brown  color,  the  characteristic  test  for  the  disease. 
The  preexisting  trouble  is  either  some  chronic  suppura- 
tion, as  in  bone  or  joint  disease,  <>r  some  wasting  dis- 
ease like  pulmonary  tuberculosis,  syphilis,  etc.  The 
only  way  in  which  the  disease  may  be  arrested  is  by 
thorough  removal  of  the  can 

Albuminoids  (al-bu' -min  oidz]  [albumin].  Substances 
resembling  true-  proteids  in  their  origin. and  com] 
tion.  They  are  amorphous  non-crystalline  colloids, 
occurring  as  organized  constituents  of  tin-  ti-siies,  and 
also  in  fluid  form.  Mucin,  Nuclein,  Keratin,  Fibn 
Spongin,  Elastin,  Gelatin,  Chondrin,  etc. ,  are  the 
principal  members  of  the  group. 

Albuminometer  (al-bu-min-om'  et-er).  See  Albumi- 
meter. 

Albuminone  (al-bu' -min-bn)   [albumin],     A  prin 
derivable  from  certain  albuminoids;    it  i-,  not    COagula- 
ble  by  heat,  and  i^  soluble  in  alcohol. 

Albuminorrhea    (al-bu-min-or-e' -ah\    [albumin  : 
a  flow].      Copious  abnormal  discharge  of  albumin-. 

Albuminose  (al-bu' -min-os)  [albumin].      1.  A  pro 
of  the  digestion  of  fibrin  or  any  albuminoid  in  very 


A  I  IU  MI.V  (SIS 


55 


AI.<  i  iHOL 


dilute  hydrochloric  acid ;  acid  albumin.     2.  Album 

or  the  product  of  the  digestion  of  albumin  by  th< 

trie  juice. 

Albuminosis  {ai-bu-min-o1 '-sis)  [albumin].  Abnormal 
increase  of  the  albuminous  elements  in  the  blood,  or 
the  condition  thai  results  from  such  increase. 

Albuminous  {al-bu' '-min-us)  [albumin].  Containing, 
or  of  the  nature  of  an  albumin. 

Albumin-Peptone  {al-bu' '-min-pep> '-ton).  Same  as 
.  llbuminose  (2d  def. ) . 

Albumins  {al-bu' -minz).     See  Albumin. 

Albuminuria  [al-bu-min-u' -re-ak)  [albumin;  < 
urine].  The  presence  in  the  urine  of  albumin,  a  mix- 
ture of  serum-albumin  and  serum  globulin  in  various 
proportions.  True  albuminuria  must  be  distinguished 
from  the  presence  of  albumin  due  to  an  admixture 
with  the  urine  of  blood,  pus,  or  other  albuminous 
fluid.  However,  even  under  these  circumstances  it 
must  be  remembered  that  true  albuminuria  may  be 
coexistent.  Albumin  in  the  urine  may  result  from  a 
number  of  causes,  e.  g.,  mechanical  interference  with 
the  renal  circulation  ;  from  congestion,  lesions,  and 
organic  diseases  of  the  kidneys  themselves  ;  from  toxic 
substances  in  the  blood,  such  as  lead,  in  which  case 
there  is  a  granular  form  of  nephritis;  from  changes  in 
the  blood  due  to  various  diseases,  as  anemia,  purpura, 
scurvy,  and  sepsis;  in  pyrexia;  in  certain  nervous 
disorders,  such  as  tetanus,  delirium  tremens,  apoplexy, 
Graves's  disease,  and  epilepsy ;  in  various  functional 
disorders,  as  dyspepsia,  high  living,  great  exertion, 
etc.,  and  during  pregnancy.  The  etiology  of  albumin- 
uria is  still  undetermined,  but  it  is  now  recognized  that 
if  will  be  produced  by  any  condition  that  interferes  with 
the  nutrition  of  the  glomeruli  or  renal  epithelium. 
A.  of  Adolescence.  See  A.,  Cyclic.  A.,  Adven- 
titious. See  ,4.,  Pseudo-.  A.,  Cardiac,  that  due  to 
chronic  valvular  disease.  A.,  Cyclic,  a  condition  also 
known  as  physiological,  simple,  functional,  or  tran- 
sient albuminuria,  or  the  albuminuria  of  adolescence, 
in  which  a  small  quantity  of  albumin  appears  in  the 
urine,  especially  of  the  young,  at  stated  times  of  the 
day;  hence  the  term  "cyclic."  The  nature  of  this 
phenomenon  is  not  positively  known,  but  it  is  probably 
the  result  of  some  changes  in  the  renal  circulation. 
A.,  Dietetic,  that  due  to  the  ingestion  of  certain  forms 
of  food,  especially  eggs,  cheese,  and  pastry.  A., 
Dyscrasic.  See  A.,  Hematogenous.  A.,  False,  a 
mixture  of  albumin  with  the  urine  during  its  transit 
through  the  urinary  passages,  where  it  may  be  derived 
from  blood,  pus,  or  special  secretions  that  contain  al- 
bumin. A.,  Febrile,  that  due  to  fever,  or  associated 
with  acute  infectious  diseases,  slight  changes  occurring 
in  the  glomeruli  without  organic  lesion.  A.,  Func- 
tional. Set-  ./.,  Cyclic.  A.,  Gouty,  albumin  in  the 
urine  of  elderly  people,  who  secrete  a  rather  dense 
urine  containing  an  excess  of  urea.  A.,  Hematogen- 
ous, that  resulting  from  some  abnormal  blood-condi- 
tion, and  not  due  to  nephritis.  A.,  Hepatic,  that 
form  associated  with  marked  disturbance  of  the  hepatic 
function,  as  shown  by  slight  jaundice  and  vague  dys- 
peptic attacks.  A.,  Intrinsic.  See  A.,  True.  A., 
Mixed,  the  presence  of  a  true-  and  pseudo-albumin- 
uria.  A.,  Morbid,  that  due  to  any  pathological  con- 
dition. A.,  Nephrogenous,  that  due  to  renal  disease. 
A.,  Neurotic,  that  due  to  nervous  disorders.  A., 
Paroxysmal.  See  .-/.,  Cyclic.  A.,  Physiological, 
the  presence  of  albumin  in  normal  urine,  without  ap- 
preciable coexisting  renal  lesion  or  diseased  condition 
of  the  system.  A.,  Pseudo-,  A.,  Adventitiou  :  albu- 
minuria dependent  upon  the  presence  of  such  fluids  as 
blood,  pus,  lymph,  spermatic  fluid,  or  the  contents  of 
an   abscess-cavity,  in   the    urine.     A.,  Simple.     See 


A.,  Cyclic.  A.,  Temporary,  that  lasting  but  for  a 
short  time.     A.,  Tests  of.  -  ,  under 

/  /.  A.,  Transient.  See  ./.,  '  :  .  A.,  True, 
./..  Intrinsic;  that  due  to  the  excretion  of  a  portion 
of  the  albuminous  constituents  of  the  blood  with  the 
water  and  salts  of  the  urine. 

Albuminuric     {al-bu-min-u' '-rik)     [albumin; 

urine].  Associated  with,  of  the  nature  of,  or  aliected 
by,  albuminuria.     A.  Retinitis.     See  Retini 

Albuminurorrhea  {al-bu-min-u-ror-re'-ak.)   [albumin  ; 
ovpov,  urine;   pola,  a  flowing}.      See  Albuminuria. 

Albumose  {al'-bu-mbs)  [albumin].  Any  album 
substance  ranking  among  the  first  products  of  the 
splitting  up  of  proteids  by  enzymes,  and  intermediate 
between  the  food-albumins  and  the  typical  peptones. 
Ai  1  ording  to  Kiihne  there  are  at  least  two  albumoses, 
antialbumose  and  hemialbumose.  The  latter,  after  the 
precipitation  and  filtering  ofl  of  the  para-peptones,  . 
in  the  peptic  digestion  of  fibrin,  yields  the  following: 
1.  Protalbumose,  soluble  in  hot  and  cold  water  and 
precipitable  by  Na<  1  in  excess.  2.  Deuteroalbun, 
soluble  in  water,  not  precipitated  by  NaCl  in  excess, 
unless  an  acid  be  added  at  the  same  time.  3.  Hetero- 
albumose,  insoluble  in  hot  or  cold  water,  soluble  in 
dilute  or  more  concentrated  solutions  of  NaCl,  and 
precipitable  from  these  by  excess  of  the  salt.  4.  Dys- 
albumose,  same  as  heteroalbumose,  except  that  it  is 
insoluble  in  salt  solutions. 

Albumosuria    [al-bu-mos-u' -re-ak)    [< 

urine].  The  abnormal  presence  of  an  albumose  in 
the  urine. 

Alburnum   (al-ber'-num)  [L. ,"  sap-wood"].     In  bi- 
ology, young  wood,  sap-wood. 

Alcahest  {al' -ka-hest)  [Uncertain  derivation].      An 
name   for  the  supposed  universal   solvent,   and    for  a 
medicine  curative  of  all  congestions.      A.  of  Glauber, 
a  crude  potassium  carbonate  derived  from  the  burning 
of  potassium  nitrate  with  hot  coals. 

Alcali  {al'-ka-li).     See  Alkali. 

Alcaptone  {al-kap'-ton).      See  Alkaptone. 

Alcaptonuria  ial-kap-ton-u' '-re-ak).    See  Alkaptonuria. 

Alchemist  {al'-kem-ist)  [Origin  doubtful].     One  who 
practices  alchemy. 

Alchemy  {al'-kem-e)    [Arab.,   of  doubtful  derivation]. 
The  supposed  art  of  the  transmutation  of  metals  'into 
gold)  and  of  finding  a  remedy  for  all  diseases.      Mod 
em   chemistry  is  the  development  of  this  chimerical 
medieval  dream. 

Al 'cock's  Canal.     See  Canal. 

Alcohol  {al'-ko-hol)  [Arab.,  al.  the;  kokol,  a  stain,  or 
finely  powdered].  Ethyl  alcohol,  C^HgO.  A  liquid 
obtained  by  the  distillation  of  fermented  grain  or 
starchy  substance.  It  is  used  in  pharmacy  as  a  sol- 
vent for  resins,  and  as  a  base  for  all  tinctures.  Com- 
mercial alcohol  contains  91  per  cent,  of  absolute 
alcohol,  with  9  per  cent,  of  water.  It  is  inflammable, 
colorless,  and  possesses  a  pungent  odor  and  burning 
taste.  Sometimes  it  is  used  externally  as  a  stimulant 
lotion.  Internally,  it  is  a  powerful  cerebral  excitant; 
in  large  doses  a  depressant,  narcotic  poison,  producing 
muscular  incoordination,  delirium,  and  coma.  It  is  a 
food  within  the  limits  of  jj— 3  j  per  day;  its  contin- 
ued use  is  apt  to  result  in  epilepsy,  amblyopia,  and 
insanity.  In  the  form  of  wine,  whisky,  or  brandy, 
it  is  valuable  in  diphtheria,  adynamic  fevers,  and 
poisoning  by  cardiac  depre^-anN.  A.,  Absolute, 
spirit  containing  no  water.  A.,  Amyl,  Oil  <  I,  com- 
monly known  a-  "P  irit"  and  "  Fusel  0 
a  transparent,  colorless  liquid.  A.,  Anhydrous,  one 
free  from  water.  A..  Aromatic,  an  alcohol  contain- 
ing phenyl.  A  ,  Benzyl,  Oil. <  1.  obtained  from  ben- 
zaldehyd  by  the  action  of  sodium  amalgam.      It  is  a 


Al  <  m||>  il  A  1  E 


56 


Al  «  l  IHOLS 


colorless  liquid,  with  a  faint  aromatic  odor;  boils  at 

2o6°;   it-  sp.  s^r.    at  o°  is    1.062.      It   dissolves    with 

difficulty  in  water,  but  readily  in  alcohol  and  ether. 

A.  deodoratum,  deodorized  alcohol,  containing 

per  cent    by  weight  of  ethyl-alcohol  and  7.5  per  cent. 

of  water.     A.,  Dilute,  com]  41   per  cenl 

weight  of  ethyl-alcohol.      A.,  Ethyl.     See 

A.  of  Fermentation,  has  a  disagreeable  odor; 

at  1 .      1  curs  in  fusel-oil;  consists  mainly  of  in- 

tive  isobutyl  carbinol.      A..  Methyl,  CH40,  known 

as  "  Wood  Spirit."     A.,  Phenic.     S< 
Alcoholate  |  \ial>.,  al,    the;    kohol,  a 

stain, or  finel}  powdered].     I.   A  chemical  compound, 
it,  into  which   an   alcohol  enters  as  a  definite 

constituent       2.   A  preparation  made  with  alcohol. 
Alcoholature     (al-ko-hol1 -at-chUr)     [Fr.    alcoolature\ 

An  ic  tincture,   especially   one  prepared   with 

1  plants. 
Alcoholic  I   Vrab.,   .-.',  the;  kohol,  a  stain, 

or  finel}  powdered].      I.  Pertaining  to,  containing,  or 
dcohol.     -.  One  addicted   to  the  use  of 

spirituous  drinks.     A.  Radicals,  the  name  applied  to 

the  univalent  radicals,  CnHsn-f  1. 
Alcoholica  (al-ko-hol' -ik-aK)   [Arab. ,  al,  the ;  kohol,  a 

stain].      In  pharmacy,  alcoholic  preparations. 
Alcoholimeter     (al-ko-hol-im'-el-er).       See     Alcoholo- 

ter. 
Alcoholimetry   (al-ko-hol-im' -et-re).      See  AJcoholome- 

Alcoholism  [al' ' -ko-hol-izm)  [Aral).,  al,  the;  kohol, & 
stain,  or  finely  powdered].  The  morbid  results  of 
r  prolonged  use  of  alcoholic  liquors.  The 
term  acute  A.  has  been  used  as  a  synonym  for  ine- 
briety. The  chronic  form  i-  associated  with  severe 
lesions  or  disturbances  of  the  digestive,  respiratory, 
and  nervous  >v-tems. 

Alcoholismus  (al-ko-hol-iz'-mus).     Syn.of  Alcoholism. 

Alcoholization  (al-ko-hol-iz-a'-shun)  [Arab.,  al,  the; 
kohol,  a  stain,  or  finely  powdered].  The  art  or  pro- 
cess of  alcoholizing;  the  state  of  being  alcoholized; 
the  product  of  the  process  of  alcoholizing. 

Alcoholize  (al'-ko-hol-lz)  [Arab.,  al,  the;  kohol,  a 
stain,  or  finely  powdered].  1.  To  impregnate  with 
or  blend  with  alcohol.  2.  To  convert  into  an  alco- 
hol.    3.  To  reduce  to  a  very  subtle  powder. 

Alcoholometer  l-om'-et-er)   [alcohol;    fiirpov, 

a  measure].      A  hydrometer  or  other  instrument  used 
in  determining  the  percentage  of  alcohol  in  any  liquid. 

Alcoholometry  (al-ko-hol-om' -et-re\   [alcohol;   uirpov, 
a  measure].      The  determination  of  the  proportion  of 
sent  in  any  liquid. 

Alcoholophilia  (al-ko-hol-o-fil' -e-aK)   [alcohol;  o/> 
to  love].      The  appetite  for  strong  drink;   a  craving 
for  intoxicants. 

Alcohols  (al' '-ko-holz)  [Arab.,  al,  the;  kohol,  a.  stain, 
or  finely  powdered].  A  series  of  neutral  compounds 
resembling  bases  exhibiting  gradation-,  corresponding 
to  their  increasi  in  molecular  weight.  They  are  de- 
rived from  the  normal  hydrocarbons  by  replacing  hy- 
drogen with  the  group  OH.  The  lower  alcohols  are 
mobile  liquid-,  readily  dissolving  in   water  and    | 

sing  the  characteristic  alcohol  odor;    the  intermedi- 
ate mem  more  oily,  and  dissolve  with  difficulty 
in  water;   while  the  higher  are  crystalline  solids  with 
out  odor  or  taste.     The  alcohol-  resemble  the   I 
'Ih'ir  boiling-points  incn  radually  (with  similar 
structure)  in  proportion  to  the  increase  of  their  mo 
lecular  weights  A.,   Diatomic,   tl 
formed    by   replacing   two  atom-   of   hydrogen    in    a 
hydrocarbon    by    two    m  oi     hydroxy!.       A., 
Dibasic.      See     /  .   Diatomic.      A.,   Dihydric. 
Glycols,  and  Table  of  Alcohols.     A.,  Divalent.      See 


Glycols.      A.,   Hexahydric,   alcohol.-  containing  six 
hydroxy)  groups  attached  to  six  different  carbon  atoms. 
The)  approach  the  sugars  very  closel)  in  their  propi  1 
ties,  having  a  very  sweet  taste,  but  diffei  from  them  in 


TABLE  OF  THE  ALCOHOLS. 
1.  Ol     l  Hi-  FATTY  COMPOUNDS. 

Si  RIES    1    — Al  •  OH(    .        I    bHJO     l.t  >H. 


■     QHiaO 

Liquid. 

■    •      C9HjoO 

.    .    . 

Decyl,     .... 

Solid. 

Undecatyl,    .    . 

.    .     CnH._>40 

Solid. 

Dodecatyl,    .   . 

•      •         (A«Ho,;0 

Solid. 

Tridecatyl, 


1  ',1  |._..t  1 


ChHjoO 


Tetradecatyl,  . 
Pentadecatyl,  . 
Hexadecyl  (Cetyl),     C)0HMO 


C15H    '  1 


Heptadecyl, 


Octodecyl, 


Ceryl  (Cerotin), 


C17H»0 


I     1     111! 


I  I  I       I    I 


Mellissyl, C.-„,l  !,,.<  > 


Solid. 


Solid. 


Solid. 


Solid. 


Solid. 


Solid. 


Solid. 


Solid. 


190-192* 


43-5c 


167° 


>9C 


210° 


0.830     at  160 


Series  2. — Unsaturated  Alcohols,  CuH^n— 1 
Vinyl C2H4O 


AIM, 


Crotyl, 


C3Hr.O 


<',H-<> 


Does 

i-t   in 
state. 

.  .   . 

Liquid. 

Liquid. 

1 17-120° 

OH 


0.8540  at  20° 


Seriks  3.— Unsaturated  Alcohols,  CnHin— s.OH.    Acety- 
lene Series. 

Propargyl |    C3H40      Liquid.  1 14-1150    0.97153.120° 

The  only  known  alcohol  0/  this  set 

2.  OF  THE  AROMATIC  OR  BENZENE  SERIES. 
Series  i  —Primary  Alcohols. 


C  H,0 

i\H    0 

Liquid. 

206° 

i  .062    at    o° 

Tolyl 

Liquid. 

212° 

1.033    at  20° 

Phenyl   Propyl,   .    . 

C,H    0 

Liquid, 

235° 

1     1  1  ,'  > 

Liquid 

246° 

•   ■   • 

ALCOOMKTKK 


57 


ALDEHYDS 


TABLE  OF  Till'.  A 1 .<  OHOLS.— Continued. 


Series  2. — I 

)IVALEN1 

DlHYIlK 

ic)  Alc< 

IHO!  S. 

H 

2 
< 

< 
_ 

O 
fcu 

<  c 
bin 
S3 

_ 

I  »oes 
11.  .1  ex- 
ist in 
the  free 

state. 

Hon  inc. 

Point. 

(Centigrade.) 

Si  1  1  n  u 
GF  vv 1 i \  . 

Benzylene-Glycol, 

C7HsOo 

.    .    . 

1o\\y\eaa&(Phthalyt) 

CsHjuOa 

.   .    . 

■  ■ 

•    •    • 

Styrolene,     .... 

C8H,0Os 

Solid. 

Benzoyl   Carbinol, 

C.ll.o, 

Solid. 

Series  3.— Oxv-  or  Phenol  Alcohols. 


Oxy-benzyl,     .   .    . 

C7H802 

Solid. 

CgHioOo 

Solid. 

259° 

Piperony! 

C8H803 

Solid. 

•   •    ■ 

Vanillin, 

C8Hl,,0;j 

Solid. 

.    .   . 

Phenyl  Glycerol,    . 

C9I 1    '  > 

Solid. 

•   • 

Mesicerin 

C9H1203 

Liquid. 

that  they  do  not  reduce  an  alkaline  copper  solution 
and  are  not  fermented  by  yeast.  Moderate  oxidation 
converts  them  into  glucoses,  C6H12Of).  They  are  ob- 
tained from  the  latter  by  the  action  of  sodium  amal- 
gam. A.,  Monatomic.  See  A.,  Monovalent.  A., 
Monohydric.  See  A. ,  Monovalent.  A.,  Monova- 
lent (Monohydric) ,  products  of  the  replacement  of  one 
atom  of  hydrogen  of  the  hydrocarbons  by  the  hydroxyl 
group  HO.  A.,  Normal,  primary  alcohols  in  which 
the  replacing  group  possesses  normal  structure.  A., 
Primary,  products  of  the  replacement  of  one  hydro- 
gen atom  in  carbinol  by  alkyls.  A.,  Secondary, 
products  of  the  replacement  of  two  hydrogen  atoms  in 
carbinol  by  alkyls.  A.,  Tertiary,  products  of  the 
replacement  of  all  of  the  three  hydrogen  atoms  of  car- 
binol by  alkyls.  A.,  Triatomic,  those  formed  by 
replacing  three  atoms  of  hydrogen  in  a  hydrocarbon 
by  three  molecules  of  hydroxyl.  A.,  Unsaturated, 
those  derived  from  the  unsaturated  alkylens  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  normal  alcohols  are  obtained  from  their 
hydrocarbons.  In  addition  to  the  general  character 
of  alcohols,  they  are  also  capable  of  directly  binding 
two  additional  affinities.      See  Table. 

Alcoometer  (al-ko-om'-et-er).     See  Alcoholometer. 

Alcornin  {al-kor> '-nin)  [Sp.j.  A  peculiarly  fatty,  crys- 
tallizable  substance,  supposed  to  be  the  active  principle 
of  alcornoque. 

Alcornoque  (al-kor-no'  -kwd)  [Sp.].  I.  Cork,  or  the 
cork-oak.  2.  The  Alchomea  lati/olia,  a  euphorbia- 
ceous  tree  of  tropical  America.  Its  bark  is  bitter  and 
tonic,  and  has  been  used  as  a  remedy  in  phthisis. 
Unof. 

Aldane  (al'-dan)  [See  Aldehyd"].  A  chemical  com- 
pound formed  by  uniting  two  or  more  molecules  of  an 
aldehyd  and  removing  the  aqueous  elements. 

Aldehyd  [alf-de-hld)  [al,  the  first  syllable  of  alcohol; 
dehyd,  from  dehydratus],  CjH40.  Alcohol  deprived 
of  two  atoms  of  hydrogen,  or  acetic  aldehyd.  It  is  a 
colorless,  limpid  liquid,  with  a  characteristic  odor. 
When  exposed  to  the  air  or  to  oxygen  it  i-  converted 
into  acetic  acid.      It  boils  at  20S0,  and  has  a  sp.  gr. 


of  0.8009  at  °°-      ''  is  miscible    in    all  proportion-, 
with  water,  ether,  and    alcohol.       Internally  it   pro 
duces    intoxication.  1a,    ami    asphyxia.       The 

vapor  is  used  in  catarrhal  congestions  and  ozena.  A., 
Anisic,  <  J  I  .<  > , ,  n  -ult-,  on  oxidizing  various  essential 
oils  (anise,  fennel,  etc,)  with  dilute  HNOs.  A  color- 
less oil  oi  sp,  gr.  1. 123  at  150,  and  boiling  at 
2480.  A.,  Benzoic,  <  -I  I,/  ».  the  oil  of  bitter  almond.-. 
A.,  Cinnamic,  I  BH80,  the  chiei  ingredient  of  the 
essential  oil  of  cinnamon  and  cassia.  It  is  acolorl 
aromatic  oil,  that  -inks  in  water  and  boils  at  2470. 
A.,  Formic,  i-  asserted  to  have  extreme  value  as  a 
microbicide  and  antiseptic,  even  it-  fumes  and  it-  solu- 
tion of  one  part  in  20,000  being  destructive  to  various 
pathogenic  germs.  A.,  Protocatechuic,  I  gH8(OH)- 
(OII).CHO,  the  parent  substance  of  vanillin  and 
piperonal,  prepared  from  pyrocatechin  by  the  action 
of  chloroform.  It  dissolves  readily  in  water,  forms 
brilliant  crystals,  and  melts  at  1500.  A.,  Salicylic, 
CgH4(OH).CHO,  occurs  in  the  volatile  oils  of  the 
different  varieties  of  Spircea.  It  is  an  oil  with  an 
aromatic  odor,  boiling  at  1960,  with  a  sp.  gr.  at  150 
of  1. 172;  easily  soluble  in  water,  and  color-  the  skin 
an  intense  yellow. 

Aldehydene  [al-de-hi' -din)  \_aldekyd~\,  I     II        \  ■  bemi 
cal  radicle  derived  from  ethylene. 

Aldehyds   [al' '-de-hldz)    [See   Aldehyd].     A    clas 
compounds  intermediate  between  alcohols  and  acid-, 
derived  from  their  corresponding  primary  alcohols  by 
the  oxidation  and  removal  of  two  atoms  of  hydrogen, 
and  converted  into  acids  by  the  addition  of  an  atom  of 


TABLE  OF  THE  ALDEHYDS. 

A.  OF  THE  FATTY  COMPOUNDS. 
1.  Aldehyds  of  the  Paraffin  Series,  CnH2nO. 


M 

2 
< 

< 

j 

X 
0 

J5 

<  0 

S3 

£§ 

u 

Ml    1    MM. 

Point. 
(Centigradi ) 

Boiling 

Pon  1 

(Centigrade) 

0  > 
Efc 

-  - 

Methyl 
(Formic),  .    . 

CH.,0 

Gas 

.  . 

Acetaldehyd,   . 

C0H4O 

Liquid 

.  .  . 

20  s3 

0.S009 

at  oJ 

Propionic,     .    . 

C3H60 

Liquid 

.  .  . 

49° 

o.jkx  6 

at  200 

Butyraldehyd, 

C4HsO 

Liquid 

■  •  • 

75° 

0.8170 
at  200 

C5H10O 
C6H120 

Liquid 

102° 

Caproyl,    .   .    . 

Liquid      .    .    . 

1 28° 

Enanthylic,  .   . 

C7H140 

CioH-jnO 

Liquid      .    . 

1 53- 154° 

Decatoic 
(Capric),    .   . 

Solid 

1060 
(15  mm.) 

Dodecatylic 
(Laurie),    .    . 

Cjrtxi-^O 

Solid 

44-5° 

1  [2 
(22  mm.) 

1680 
(22  mm.) 

1920 
(22  mm.) 

1920 
(22  mm  ) 

•   •   • 

Tetradecatylic 
t  Myrisitalde- 

hyd) 

ChH-sO 

Solid 

52-5° 

Hexdecatylic 

(Palmitic),     . 

Ci,;H3oO 

Solid 

58-5° 

Octdecatylie 
(Stearaldehyd), 

C„H3oO 

Solid 

63.S0 

ALDEPA1  Ml  1  IC  A(  ID 


:.- 


Al  I 


1  Aid  1'  <  'I    THE  Al  DEHYDS.— i 

2.    I'.NSATlKATHr)    ALDEHYDE,  CuH.u— jO. 


Na- 

Ill  A. 

' 

Mi 

Bon 

((  V  lit: 

II   |C 

1  IV. 

Acrylaldehyd, 

|     H«0 

Liquid 

•    •    • 

at  200 

Crolonaldehyd, 

C4H«0 

Liquid 

•    ■    ■ 

104-105° 

B.  OF  THE  AROMATIC  OR  BENZENE  SERIES. 
1.  Monovalent  Aldehyds. 


Benzaklehyd,  . 

I"   H  11 

Liquid 

179° 

1.050 
at  15° 

Toluic,   .... 

0.1  LO 

Liquid 

.    .    . 

206° 

Phenyl-propj  1. 

C9H10O 

Liquid 

.    .    . 

.  .  . 

.  .   . 

CioHuO 

Liquid 

•    •    • 

235° 

0-973 
at  13° 

2.    DlALDEHYDS. 


Phthalaldchyd,       C*HcO 


Phenyl-lactic,  .       C»H10Oo 


Liquid 


3.    OxY-ALDEHYDS. 


Salicylic,   .   .   . 

C7H60» 

Liquid 

*      • 

196° 

1. 172 
at  15° 

Anisic,    .... 

CgH-'  >_ 

Liquid 

.   .   . 

248° 

1. 123 

at  15° 

Protocatechuic, 

C7H603 
C8H803 

Solid 

150° 

.   .    . 

Vanillin,    .   .    . 

Solid 

:-  —  : 

.   .   . 

oxygen.  They  contain  the  group  COH.  They  ex- 
hibit in  their  properties  a  gradation  similar  to  that  of 
the  alcohols.  The  lower  members  are  volatile  liquids, 
able  in  water,  and  have  a  peculiar  odor,  but  the 
higher  are  solids,  insoluble  in  water,  and  cannot  be 
di-tilled  without  decomposition.     See  Tabic. 

Aldepalmitic  Acid  [al-de-pal-mit/ -ik  as'-id).  See 
.  /  "id,  Aldepalmitic. 

Alder  [al'-a  .  Units. 

Al'derman's  Nerve.  See  Arnold' s  Nerve,  in  iVerve 
Tai 

Aldin  [al'-din)  [see  Aldekyd~\.  An  amorphous  basic 
chemical  substance,  formed  from  an  ammonia  com- 
pound of  aldehyd.     Several  aldins  are  known. 

Pi\&o\i-il'-dol)  [see  Aldehyd],  C4H802.     A  colorl 

-  liquid,  obtained  by  the  action  of  dilute  H<  1 
on  crotonaldehyd  and  acetaldehyd.  It  ismiscible  with 
water,  and  at  O0  has  a  sp.  gr.  <>f  1. 1 20;  upon  standing, 
it  changes  to  a  sticky  mass  that  cannot  be  poured 

Aldoses  [aP-do  •    Aldehyd],     The  aldehyd  al 

cohols,  containing  the  atomic  group  CH(<  >H).CHO. 

Aldoxim,  or  Aldoxime  'inn   [See  Aldehyd"]. 

Products  of  the  combination  of  aldehyds  or  ketones 
and     free    hydroxylamin.       They    are    usually    liquid 
dies  that  boil  without  decomposition. 

Ale  [al )  [A.  ].      An  alcoholic  1"  ■ 

from  malt  and  hops.      Tt  contains  from  three  to  s< 
:    of  alcohol.      See  Malt  Liquors. 

Aleatico  ft.].     An  excellent  sweet  red 

win  red  in  Tuscany,  and  f  the 

ts  of  its  1  lass. 


Alecithal   [ak-le^-ith-al)   [d  priv. ;   "KtiuBoe,  yolk],     A 

term  applied  to  certain  ova  having  the  food  yolk  absent, 
or  present  only  in  very  small  quantity. 

Alegar  [&f-le-gar)  [A.  S.,  ealw;  egar,  sour].  Vinegar 
made  of  ale. 

Alembic  [al-emf-bik\  [Arab.,  al,  the;  a/4  <*•.  a  cup], 
A  vessel  used  for  distillation, 

Alembroth  [al-em' -broth\  [Origin  unknown].  An  old 
name  for  a  compound  01  the  chlorid  «>l  ammonium  and 
mercury,  1 1>  solution  has  been  used  of  late  as  an  an- 
tiseptic. 

Alepidote  {ah-lept-e-ddt}  [a  ]>riv.;  /.t-i<~,  a  scale]. 
Without  scales,  a.s  certain  fishes. 

Aleppo  Boil,  Button,  Evil,  Pustule,  or  Ulcer.  See 
Furunculus  <  rientalis. 

Aletrin  [aP-et-rin).     See  Aletris. 

Aletris  [al'-et-ris).  Star  Grass,  Unicorn  Root,  Star- 
wort,  Colic  Root.  The  root  of  .-/.  farinosa.  Tonic, 
diuretic,  and  anthelmintic.  Formerly  a  popular  do- 
mestic remedy  in  colic,  dropsy,  and  chronic  rheuma- 
tism. Dose  of  tld.  ext.  rtl  x-xxx  ;  of  tincture  (1  in 
8  proof  spirit)  3  i-ij ;  of  aletrin,  the  extractive,  gr. 
■4-iv.  A.  Cordial.  Dose  jj  three  times  daily, 
I'nof. 

Aleukemia  [ah-lu-kef-me-ah)  [a  priv.;  \evic6e,  white ; 
alfia,  blood].  Deficiency  in  the  proportion  of  white 
cells  in  the  blood. 

Aleurometer  [al-u-rom' -et-er)   [d/lfvpor,  flour :   /' 

a  measure].  An  instrument  used  for  the  examination 
of  crude  gluten  as  to  its  power  of  distending  under  the 
influence  of  heat,  as  a  means  of  judging  of  the  value 
of  a  flour  for  bread-making.  A  similar  instrument, 
termed  an  aleuroscope,  has  also  been  invented. 

Aleuronat  (al-n'-ro-naf)  \ak~vpov,  flour].  A  vegetable 
albumin  used  as  a  substitute  for  bread  in  cases  of  dia- 
betes. 

Aleurone  (al-u'-rbri)  \jXXevpov,  fine  flour].  Proteid 
matter  in  the  form  of  small  rounded  particles,  found  in 
seeds. 

Aleuroscope  (al-uf -ro-skof)  [d/fiywv,  flour ;  PKOirelv,to 
view].     See  Aleurometer. 

Alexander- Adam's  Operation.  See  Operations, 
Tabic  of. 

Alexanderism  [al-eks-anf-der-izm)  [^Alexander],  The 
insanity  of  conquest ;   agriothymia  ambitiosa. 

Alexander's  Operation.     See  Operations.   Table  of. 

Alexeteric  (al-eks-e-ter- '-//•)  [dAefyr^p, defender].  Good 
against  poison,  venom,  or  infection. 

Alexia  [al-eks' -e-ah)  [d  priv.;  /J Sir,  word].  Word 
blindm  --  A  form  of  aphasia  and  a  special  type  of 
psychical  blindness,  in  which  the  patient  is  unable  to 
recognize  ordinary  written  or  printed  characters.  A., 
Musical,  musical  blindness  ;  pathological  loss  of  the 
ability  to  read  music. 

Alexifer  [al-eks' '-if er)  [akk^etv,  to  repel;  tjt&pfiaicov,  a 
poison].  A  remedy  or  object  that  serves  as  an  amulet 
or  antidote  against  poison. 

Alexin  [al-eksf-in)  [<'/>•.-".  help].  1.  Any  defensive 
proteid  ;  any  phylaxin  or  so/in.  2.  An  antibacterial 
substance  found  by  llankin  in  the  blood  of  certain 
animals  and  giving  immunity  to  certain  toxins.  5. 
A  synonym  f<  ir   Tul  tin. 

Alexipharmac,  or  Alexipharmic  far'  -m,: 

in         '  to   repel;    cbdp/jaKOv,  a  poison].     A 

medicine  neutralizing  a  poison, 

Alexipharmacon  wv,  to  re- 

pel 1  poison],   Any  alexipharmac  medicine. 

Alexipyretic  ,  to  ward  off; 

-11, 1  rut .  a  I'  \  ei  ] .     A  febrifuge. 

Alexiteric  [al-eki  .  ter'-ik).     See  Alexeterii  . 

Aleze  [ah-h      [1  ].     A  cloth  to  protect  the  bed 

;  becoming  soiled  bj 


AIM  >NSIN 


59 


ALIMENTIVITY 


Alfonsin  [al-fon' 'sin)   [from  Alfonso  Ferri,  a  sixteenth 

century  surgeon].     An  old  form  of  bullet  extractor. 
Algae  (al'-je)   [alga,  a  seaweed],      A  group  of  acotyle- 

donous  plants,  of  simple  vegetable  construction,  living 
mostly  in  the  « . 

Algaroth  {alf -gar-otk)  [It.,  Algarotti,  the  Veronese 
physician].     Oxychlorid  of  antimony. 

Algedo  {al-je'-do)  \a\yri6in),  pain].  Severe  pain  in  the 
generative  organs  and  extending  to  the  urinary  organs, 
sometimes  arising  from  a  sudden  stoppage  of  gonor- 
rhea. 

Algefacient  [al-je-faf  sheni)  [a/gere,  to  be  cool ;  facere, 
to  make].     Cooling. 

Algeinuresis  (al-Jin-u-re' 'sis)  [akyelv,  to  feel  pain; 
obpqoig,  urination].      Painful  urination. 

Algera,  or  Algeros  (al-je'-rah,  or  7ros)  [i^.ytfp6g,  pain- 
ful].     Painful ;   characterized  by  pain. 

Algesia  {a/Jc'-zc-a/i)  [akyrpsic, pain] .     Pain;   suffering. 

Algesichronometer  [al-Je-ze-kro-nom,-et-er)  [<i/  j  ijaii , 
pain;  xi""'"' '•  time  ;  (lerpov,  a  measure].  An  instru- 
ment used  to  note  the  lapse  of  time  before  a  nerve 
center  responds  to  a  painful  stimulus. 

Algesimeter  [al-jes-im' '-et-er)  [AAyj/tKC,  pain;  iiirpov, 
a  measure].  An  instrument  for  determining  the 
acuteness  of  the  sense  of  pain. 

Algesis  (al-je'-sis).     See  Algesia. 

Algesthesis,  or  Algaesthesis  [a/-Jes-tke,-sis)  [h/.yog, 
pain;  aloftr/oic;,  feeling].  The  perception  of  pain; 
any  painful  disease. 

Algetic  (al-Jetl-ik)  [a/.ytiv,  to  have  pain].  Pertaining 
to,  or  producing,  pain. 

-algia  {al'-je-ah)  [dAyoc,  pain].  A  suffix  denoting 
pain,  as  odontalgia,  neuralgia,  etc. 

Algid  (al'-jid)  [algidus,  cold].  Cold,  chilly.  A. 
Fever,  a  pernicious  intermittent  fever,  with  great 
coldness  of  the  surface  of  the  body.  A.  Cholera, 
Asiatic  cholera. 

Algin  (al' '-Jin)  [a/o-a.  a  seaweed].  Alginic  acid;  a 
gummy  substance  derivable  from  seaweeds  and  form- 
ing a  good  substitute  for  gum  arabic. 

Algology  (al-gol-o-Ji)  [alga,  a  seaweed  ;  Aeysiv,  speak]. 
That  department  of  botany  treating  of  alga?,  phy- 
cology. 

Algometer  (al-gom'  -et-er)  [a/.yog,  pain ;  fiirpnv,  a 
measure].  An  instrument  for  testing  the  sensibility 
of  a  part  to  pain. 

Algometry  \al-gomf -et-re)  [n'/yo^,  pain;  perpov,  a 
measure].     The  testing  of  pain. 

Algophobia  {al-go-fo1 '-be-aK)  [akyoq,  pain;  do  iV, 
dread].      Unreasonable  or  morbid  dread  of  pain. 

Algophobic  [al-go-fof-bik)  [aXyoq, pain;  $6  flog,  dread]. 
Characterized  by  algophobia. 

Algophobist  [al-go-fo' -bist)  [dAyoc.pain;  do /3oc,  dread]. 
One  who  morbidly  dreads  pain. 

Algor  [aV-gor)  [I-]-  A  sense  of  chilliness  or  coldness. 
A.  Progressions.      Syn.   of  Scleroderma   Neonatorum. 

Algos  (al'-gos)  [a/.ync,  pain].  Pain;  a  painful  disease, 
or  attack. 

Algosis  [al-go'-sis)  [alga,  seaweed].  The  causation 
of  disease  by  certain  plants,  as  alg;u. 

Algospasm  [alf -gospazm)  [aAyog,  pain;  c-nnimc, 
spasm].      Painful  spasm  or  cramp. 

Al'ibert's  Ke'loid.      See  Keloid and  Diseases,  Table  of. 

Alibility  [al-ib-W '-e-te)  [alibilis,  nutritive].  Availabil- 
ity of  a  nutritious  substance  for  absorption  and  assimi- 
lation. 

Alible  [aV-i-bl)  [alibilis,  nutritive] .  Nutritive;  absorb- 
able and  assimilable. 

Alicant  (al'-ik-ant)  [from  Alicante,  in  Spain].  A 
strong,  sweet,  and  dark-colored  .Spanish  wine. 

Alices  [al'-is-ez]  [L.  ].  Red  spots  preceding  the  pustu- 
lation  in  small]" 


Alienation  [sl-yen-a' 'shun)  [alienatio  ;  alienare,  to 
withdraw].      Mental  derangement,  insanity. 

Alienist  {&l' '-yen-ist  i  [alienor, ,  to  withdraw].  (  )ne  who 
treats  mental  diseases;  a  specialist  in  the  treatment  of 
insanity. 

Aliethmoid    {al-e-etlt' '-moid)    [a/a,    a    wing;     rfifi 
Strainer].      In   birds,  the   wing  of  the  ethmoidal   por- 
tion "t  the  orbito  nasal  cartilage. 

Aliferous  [al-if' '-er-us)  [a/a.  a  wing;  ferre,  to  bear]. 
Winged  ;  alate  ;  aligerous. 

Aliform  [alf -if-ortn)  [a/a,  wing;  forma,  shape].    Wing- 

sbaped.      A.    Process,    the    wing   of   the    sphenoid. 

Alisphenoid.     Aliformes    musculi    [al-if-or* '-mez 

mus' '-ku-li).      The  aliform  or   wing-shaped   muscles; 

the  pterygoid  muscle-. 

Aligerous  {al-ij'-er-us)  [ala,  wing ;  gerere,  to  bear]. 
Having  wings ;   alate;   aliferous. 

Aliment  [alf -im-ent)   [alimentum,  from  alimentai 
nourish].      Nourishment,    food.      A    substance   that, 
acted  upon  by  the  digestive  and  assimilative  organs, 
yields  the  sources  and  repairs  the  losses  of  heat,  force, 
or  the  tissues  of  the  body. 

Alimentary  {al-im-en'-ta-re)  [alimentum ,  from  alimen- 
tare,  to  nourish].  Nourishing.  A.  Bolus,  the  food 
after  mastication  and  just  prior  to  swallowing.  A. 
Canal,  Duct,  System,  or  Tube,  the  digestive  tube 
from  the  lips  to  the  anus,  with  its  acces-ory  gland-. 

Alimentation  [al-im-en-ta' 'shun)  [xilimentare ,  to  nour- 
ish]. The  process  of  the  reception  and  conversion  of 
food  into  material  tit  for  nourishment.  A.,  Rectal, 
the  nourishing  of  a  patient  by  the  administration  of 
small  quantities  of  concentrated  food  through  the  rec- 
tum. There  are  many  formulae  for  these  nutritious 
enemata,  the  most  important  of  which  are  the  fol- 
lowing: i.  Leube's  Pancreatic-meat  Emulsion. — 
"  For  rectal  alimentation :  chop  live  ounces  of  finely- 
scraped  meat  still  finer,  add  to  it  one  and  a-half 
ounces  of  finely-chopped  pancreas,  free  from  fat,  and 
then  three  ounces  of  lukewarm  water ;  stir  to  the  con- 
sistence of  a  thick  pulp.  Give  at  one  time,  care  being 
taken  to  wash  out  the  rectum  with  water  about  an  hour 
before."  2.  Mayet's  Formula. — "  Fresh  ox-pancreas 
150  to  200  grams;  lean  meat  400  to  500  grams. 
Bruise  the  pancreas  in  a  mortar  with  water  at  a  tem- 
perature of  370  C,  and  strain  through  a  cloth.  Chop 
the  meat  and  mix  thoroughly  with  the  strained  fluid, 
after  separating  all  the  fat  and  tendinous  portions. 
Add  the  yolk  of  one  egg,  let  stand  for  two  hours,  and 
administer  at  the  same  temperature,  after  having 
cleansed  the  rectum  with  an  injection  of  oil.  This 
quantity  is  sufficient  for  24  hours'  nourishment,  and 
should  be  administered   in  two    '  ?    Ramie's 

Formula. — "  Add  to  a  bowl  of  good  beef-tea  one-half 
pound  of  lean,  raw  beefsteak  pulled  into  shred.-.  At 
990  F.  add  one  drachm  of  fresh  pepsin  and  one-half 
drachm  of  dilute  HC1.  Place  the  mixture  before  the 
fire  and  let  it  remain  for  four  hour-,  stirring  frequently. 
The  heat  must  not  1m-  to,,  great,  or  the  artificial  diges- 
tive process  will  be  stopped  altogether.  It  is  better  to 
have  the  mixture  too  cold  than  too  hot.  If  alcohol  is 
to  lie  given  it  should  be  added  at  the  last  moment. 
Eggs  may  also  be  added,  but  should  be  previo 
well    beaten."       4.   Pea  rmula. — "Crush    or 

grind  a  pound  of  beef-muscle  fine;  then  add  one  pint 
of  cold  water;  allow  it  to  macerate  40  minutes,  and 
then  gradually  raise  it  to  the  boiling  point ;  allow  it  to 
boil  for  two  minutes — no  more — and  then  strain." 
5.  Flint's  Mixture. — "Milk  !|ij,  whisky  ^--.  to 
which  add  half  an  es 

Alimentivity  [al-im-en-tii/ -i-te)    [alimentare,  to  nour- 
ish].      The  instinct  that  impels  the  animal  organi-: 
ta!  r  nourishment. 


Al  [NASA! 


60 


ALLAN  H  MD 


Alinasal    a   in  .•'  sal)  [■'■'.  i  wii  .  the  nose"). 

Pertaining  to  tfa  ir  wing  of  the  nose. 

Aliped  i  wing;  >t],     Charac 

terized  by  having  the  fingers  nr  toes  connected  bj  a 
membrane,  for  purposes  of  flight. 

Alipt:.  i    Relating  t.>  inunc- 

tion,     j.  Gymnastic;   pertaining  to  physical  culture. 

Alisma  a,  plantain],     A   genus  of 

endogenous  plants.     ./.  plan  01   water  plantain, 

h.i>  pungent,  acrid  qualities,  and  i>  used  a^  a  diuretic 
ami  stimulant.      Unof. 

Alismin  tin)  [iutctia,  plantain].     An  extractive 

or  precipitate,  obtained  from  the  tincture  >>f  Alisma 

Alisphenoid  id)    [a/a,    a    wing; 

wedgi  .  .   form],      i.   Pertaining    to  the  greater 

wing  of  the  sphenoid  bone.  2.  That  bone  which  in 
adult  life  forms  the  main  portion  of  the  greater  wing 
of  the  sphenoid. 

Alizarin  '-run    [Arab.,   a/,  the;   ac&rah, to  ex 

tract],  '  I(Hj\  1  lie  red  coloring  principle  occur- 
ing  in  the  madder  plant,  Rubia  tinctorium,  and  in 
anthracene,  a  coal  tar  product.  It  occurs  in  red  pris 
inatic  crystals,  readily  soluble  in  ether  and  alcohol. 
The  alizarins  form  a  group  of  the  anthracene  colors. 
•  Pigments  under  Pigment.  A.  Blue, 
a  crystalline  blue  coloring  matter  formed  l>v  heating 
nitroalizarin  in  combination  with  II,S(>(  and  glycerin. 
A.  Red.  a  pale  tiesh-color  used  in  dyeing. 

Alkahest  [cil'-ka-hest).     Same  as  Alcahest. 

Alkalescence  i  al-ka-Us' '-ens  |  [  Arab.,  al-qaR.,  soda- 
ash].  Slight  or  commencing  alkalinity;  alkaline 
quality  or  tendency. 

Alkalescent  [al-ka-les/ -ent)  [Arab.,  al-qaR,  soda-ash], 
newhat  alkaline;   mildly  alkaline. 

Alkali  [alf-ka-li)  [Arab.,  al-qaR,  soda-ash].  The 
term  includes  the  hydrated  oxids  of  the  alkali  metals  ; 
these  are  electropositive,  are  strong  bases,  uniting 
with  acids  to  form  salts,  turn  red  litmus  blue,  and 
saponify  fats  A.,  Caustic  (usually  potash),  when  so 
concentrated  as  to  possess  caustic  properties;  potash 
and  soda  are  called  fixed  alkalies,  because  perma- 
nently solid  ;  ^oda  is  called  a  mineral,  potash  a  vege- 
table, and  ammonia  a  volatile  alkali. 

Alkali-albumin  [al'-ka-li-al-bu'-min).  A  derived  al- 
bumin ;  a  proteid  having  been  acted  upon  by  dilute 
alkalie-  and  yielding  an  alkaline  reaction. 

Alkaligenous  (al-ka-lij' '-en-us)  [alkali;  yevfyg,  produ- 
cing].     Affording  or  producing  an  alkali. 

Alkalimeter  (al-ka-lim'-et-er)  [alkali;  fiirpov,  a  mea- 
sure]. An  instrument  for  estimating  the  alkali  in  a 
substance. 

Alkalimetry  [al-ka-lim' '-et-re)  [alkali;  fiirpov,  a  mea- 
sure]. The  measurement  of  the  amount  of  an  alkali 
in  a  substance. 

Alkaline  al'-ka-lin)  [alkali'].  Having  the  qualities  of 
or  pertaining  to  an  alkali.  A.  Bath.  See  Hath. 
A.  Copper  Test.      See    Tests,  Table  of.      A.  Tide. 

Alkalinity    [al-ka-lin' '-it-e)    [alkali].      The   quality  of 

being  alkaline. 
Alkalinuria  [al-ka-lin-u' '-re-ak)  [alkali;  oipov,  urine]. 

Alkalinity  of  the  urine. 
Alkalization   [al-ka-li-za' '-shun)   [alkali].     The  ai 

rendering  a  thing   alkaline;    th-  or  quality  of 

being  rendered  alkaline. 
Alkaloid       '  \  [alkali;  elfioc,  likeness].     Resem- 

bling an  alkali. 
Alkaloidal    [al-ka-loid' -al)    [alkali:    elioc,    likeness]. 

Having  the  qualities  of  an  alkaloid. 
Alkaloids   [al' -ka-loidz)  [alkali;  eldog,  liken.--]       All 

nitrogenous  vegetable  compounds  of  basic  and  alka- 


line character,  or  their  derivatives,  from  which  bases 
may  be  isolated.  ["hey  are  chief  constituents  of  the 
active  principles  of  the  vegetable  drugs  employed  as 
medicines  or  poisons.  Those  alkaloids  containing  no 
oxygen  are  generally  liquid  ami  volatile;  such  are 
nicotic  .ni.l  conein.  The  others  are  solid,  crystalliza 
ble,  and  non  volatile.  A.,  Putrefactive.  See  Pto 
maines. 

Alkaluretic  {al-ka-ht-ref -ik)  [alkali;  ovpov,  urine]. 
Causing  or  tending  to  cause  a  Sow  of  alkaline  urine. 

Alkanet    [al'-kan-et)    [Sp.,  dim.    of   alcafia,   henna]. 
The  root  of  tin-  herb,  Alkanna  [Anchusa)  tinctoria, 
yielding  a  red  dye  that  is  used  in  staining  wood,  coloi 
ing  adulterated  wines,  and   in  pharmacy  to  give  a  red 
col. >r  to  salves,  etc. 

Alkan'na  Red.     See  Alkannin. 

Alkannin  [al'-kan-in)  [Sp.,  dim.  of  alcana,  henna]. 
Alkanna  red;  a  valuable  coloring  matter  obtained 
from  alkanet.  It  is  a  dark,  brownish-red,  resinous 
mass,  or  powder,  insoluble  in  water,  but  soluble  in 
alcohol  and  ether,  neutral  in  reaction. 

Alkapton  [al-kap'  -ton).  A  yellowish  resinous  l>ody  occa- 
sionall)  found  in  urine,  which  on  exposure  to  air 
acquires  a  brownish  tint.  It  does  not  ferment  and 
does  not  reduce  bismuth  like  glucose,  though  it  throws 
down  a  somewhat  brownish  mass.  It  i>  highly  soluble 
in  water,  but  only  sparingly  in  ether. 

Alkaptonuria  [al-kap-ton-u' -re-ah)  [alkapton;  ovpov, 
urine].  The  presence  of  alkapton  in  the  urine.  It 
has  been  found  in  case>  of  pulmonary  tuberculosis,  and 
in  other  instances  in  which  there  are  no  local  lesions 
or  general  disease.      It  i-<  without  clinical  signilicance. 

Alkarsin     [al-kar,-sin)     [alcohol;    arsenic].      Cadet's 
Fuming  Liquid;    an  extremely  poisonous  liquid  con 
taining    cacodyl.      It    is    of  a    brown    color,    and   on 
exposure  to  the  air  igniter  spontaneously. 

Alkophyr  (al'-ko-fir).  Briicke's  name  for  a  variety  of 
peptone  soluble  in  alcohol. 

Alkoxid  (al-koks'-id)  [alcohol;  oxid],  A  chemical 
compound  formed  by  the  union  of  an  alcohol  with  a 
metallic  base. 

Alkylogens  [al-kil' '-o-jenz).     See  Esters,  Haloid. 

Alkyls  {a!' -kHz)  [alkali].  The  name  applied  to  the 
univalent  alcohol  radicals,  CnHin  +  i ;  methyl,  ethyl, 
etc. ,  are  alkyls. 

Alkyl-sulphids  (al'-kil-sul'  -fids).  Thio-ethers.  Sulphur 
analogues  of  the  ethers.  They  are  colorless  liquids, 
mostly  insoluble  in  water  and  possessing  a  disagreeable 
odor  resembling  that  of  garlic. 

Allagostemonous  {al-ag-o-stef-mon  us)  [aXTuryf), 
change;  ar^fiuv,  a  thread  or  stamen].  In  botany, 
the  alternate  insertion  of  the  stamens  on  the  receptacle 
ami  i  i  irolla. 

Allamanda  (al-ani-au1 '-dak)  [.Ilia  maud,  a  Swiss 
scientist].  A  genus  "l  apocynaceous  climbing  shrubs 
of  tropical  Amerii  a.  A.  cathartica  is  diaphoretic, 
emetic,  cathartic,  and  refrigerant.      Unof. 

Allantiasis  [al-an-tv" -as-is)  [ii'/'mc,  a  sausage]. 
Sausage  poisoning,  due  to  putrefactive  changes  in 
imperfectly  cured  sausages,  or  in  those  made  from 
bad  materials. 

Allantoic  [al-an  to'-ik)  [bftkaq, a  sausage;  eMoc,  rest  m 
blame].  Pertaining  to  the  allantois.  A.  Parasite, 
a  form  of  autosite  in  which  the  weaker  fetus  forms 
tstomoses  with  the  allantoic  or  placental  circulation 
..I  the  stronger,  thus  becoming  directly  dependent  for 
its  nutrition  upon  the  circulation  of  the  latter.  It  i^ 
characterized  by  a  partial  or  complete  disappearance 
of  the  heart  of  the  parasite. 

Allantoid  [al-an' '-toid)   [aXXag,   sausage;   eldoc,  resem 
blame],      i.    Resembling  or  like  a  sausage.     2.  Rela- 
ting to  the  allantois 


A  I   1. ANTON  MAN 


61 


Al  U  'I'MI.MY 


Allantoidian  (al-an  toid'-e-an)  [a7\%ac ,  a  sausage;  rirfoc, 
resemblance].  Any  animal  which  in  it-  fetal  condi- 
tion pi  issesses  an  allantois. 

Allantoin  [al-anf-to-in)  [a2%ag,  a  sausage  .  sem 

blance],  <  ,1  l,;N  ,•  >8.  Act)  stalline  substani  e  occurring 
in  traces  in  normal  urine,  and  prepared  from  uric  acid 
by  oxidation  processes.  Also  the  characteristii  con- 
stituent of  the  allantoic  fluid,  and  likewise  found  in 
fetal  urine  and  amniotic  fluid.  Ii  crystallizes  in  small, 
shining,  colorless,  hexagonal  prisms,  soluble  readily 
in  hot  water.  It  reduces  Fehling's  solution  on  pro- 
longed boiling. 

Allantois  {al-an'-to  is)  [aTJuae,  a  sausa      ,  .  resem- 

blance]. <  me  of  the  fetal  appendages  or  membranes, 
derived  from  the  mesoblastic  and  hypoblastic  layers, 
[ts  function  is  to  convey  the  blood-vessels  to  the 
chorion.  The  lower  part  finally  becomes  the  bladder, 
the  rest,  the  urachus. 

Allantotoxicon  (al  an-to-toks'-ik-on)  [aKKac,  a  sausage  ; 
toI-ikAv,  a  poison].  A  name  applied  to  a  poisonous 
substance,  probably  a  ptomaine,  that  develops  during 
the  putrefactive  fermentation  of  sausage,  especially 
that  made  of  blood  and  liver. 

Allarton's  Operation.     -  ."    n  .   'fable  of. 

Allassotonic  (al-as-o-ton' -ik)  [aXXaxsaetv,  to  vary  ;  rovoc, 
tension].  In  biology,  a  term  applied  to  the  transient 
movements  produced  by  stimulation,  in  mature  plant 
organs;  opposite  of  Auxotonic. 

Allen's  Closet.  See  Se?oage,  Disposal  of.  A.  Tests. 
See  Tests,  7 able  of 

Allenthesis  (al-enf -thesis)  [a/\2og,  other;  ivdeaic, 
insertion].  The  presence  or  the  introduction  of 
foreign  bodies  into  the  organism. 

Allentheton  {al-enf '-the-ton)  [aKKoc,  other;  erfltoic, 
insertion].      A  foreign  body  present  in  the  organism. 

Alleorgan,  or  Allceorgan  (al-e-or'-gan)  [aKhaioq,  of 
another  sort ;  bpyavov,  organ].      Same  as  Alloplast, 

AUeosis,  or  Allceosis  (al-e-o'sis)  [a'S\fa>iu>oic,  change]. 

1.  Change;    alterative  effect;    recovery  from    illness. 

2.  Mental  disorder. 

Alleotic.  or  Allceotic  (al-e-ot^-ik)  [a'/.Aoluaic,  change]. 
Alterative. 

Allepigamic  (al-ep-ig-amf -ik)  [a'/'/nc,  other;  £~t,upon; 
]<uuk6s,  relating  to  marriage].  In  biology,  a  term 
applied  by  Poulton  to  the  colored  foreign  objects  dis- 
played by  certain  animals  during  courtship,  as  by  the 
bower  birds. 

Allesthesia  (al-es-thef  se-ah)  [dA/loc,  other ;  aiaOrjac, 
feeling].      Same  as  Allochiria. 

Allevation  (al-e-va* '-shun)  [ad,  to  ;  levare,  to  lift  up], 
I.  The  relief  of  pain.  2.  The  raising  or  lifting  of 
a  patient  from  the  bed  or  from  the  reclining  posture. 

Alleviation (al-e-ve-a' -shun)  [alleviatus ;  ad%to;  levare, 
lift  up].      The  relief  or  palliation  of  pain. 

Alleviative  (al-e'-ve-a-tiv)  [allevare,  to  lighten].  I. 
Tending  to  mitigate  or  relieve  pain.  2.  A  remedy  for 
the  relief  of  pain. 

Alleviator  (al-eS-ve-a-ter)  [allevare,  to  lighten].  A 
device  for  raising  or  lifting  a  sick  person  from  the  bed. 

Allex  (al'-eks)  [I-]-      Same  as  ^a//«.v. 

Allheal  (mvl-hel')  [A.  S.,all;  heelan,  to  heal].  The 
officinal  valerian,  Valeriana  officinalis;  also  the  plant 
Stackys  palustris. 

Alliaceous  (al-e-al -shus)  [allium,  garlic].  Resembling 
garlic  or  pertaining  to  the  same. 

Alligator-forceps  (aP-e-ga-tor-for,-seps).  A  surgeons' 
toothed  forceps,  one  of  the  jaws  of  which  works  with 
a  double  lever. 

Alligator  Pear  (aV-e-ga-tor  par).  The  seeds  of  Persea 
gratissima,  or  Avocado  Pear.  A  Mexican  remedy 
for  intercostal  neuralgia,  and  internally,  an  anthelmintic 
(  ?).     Dose,  internally,  of  the  fld.  ext.  rrncxx— :jj. 


Allingham's  Operations.     See  Operatu  >i  .   7   " 
Allingham's  Rectal  Plug.     An  appliance  for  controll- 
ing hemorrhage  from  the  rectum. 
Allis's  Inhaler.      See  Anesthetic. 
Allis's  Sign.      See  Signs  and  Symptoms,   Tail 
Alliteration  (al-il  huh)   [ad,  to;    litera,  letter]. 

A  form  "i  dysphrasia  in  which  the  patient  arranges  his 
word-  ;u  1 1 irding  i' i  the  sound. 
Allium  (alf-\  uin\  [I..].  <  iarlic.  The  bulb  of  . /. 
sativum.  Contains  a  pungent  volatile  oil  (ally!  sul- 
phid),  that  is  found  also  in  the  leek  and  the  onion. 
The  tubers  are  used  both  as  a  food  and  diment, 

and  are  stimulants  to  digestion.     A.  cepa,  the  common 
onion,  and  A.  porrum,  the  leek,  have  similar  qualities. 
A.,  Syr.,  contain-,  fresh  garlic  20,  sugar  So,  dil.  acetic 
acid  q.  s.     Dose  gj—  Xiv. 
Allochetia  (al-o-ke/-te-ah).     Same  as  Allochezia. 
Allochezia    [al-o-ke1 '-ze-ah)   [aXXog,    other;    x1-'1'-    "• 
desire  to  go  to  stool],     i.    The  passage  of  feces  from 
the    body   through    an    abnormal   opening.       2.    The 
passing  of  non-fecal  matter  from  the  bowels. 
Allochiria   (al-o-ki* -re-ah)  [u/'/nc,  other;    xeip,  hand]. 
An  infrequent  tabetic  symptom,  in   which,  if  one  ex- 
tremity be  pricked,  the  patient  locates  the  sensation  in 
the  corresponding  member  of  the  other  side. 
Allochroic     (al-lo-kro/-ik)     [aTJkoc,    another;     ^/jw/za, 

color].      Of  changeable  or  diversified  color. 
Allochromasia     (al-o-kro-ma/ zeah)     [a/'//>r,    other; 

Xpufia,  color].      Color-blindm 
Allochromatic  (al-o-kro-mat'-ik)  [dAAoc,  other;  xi"'-'1"1) 

color].      <  )f  a  changeable  cof  >r. 
Allocinetic  (al-osin-ef-ik).     See  Allokinetic. 
Allocryptic     (al-o-krip' -tik)    [n/'/»<;,    other; 

hidden].      In  biology,   a  term  applied   by  Poulton   to 
mimetic  coloration   in   animals  produced  by  covering 
themselves  with  foreign  objects. 
Allceosis  (al-e-o/-sis).     See  AUeosis. 
Allceotic  (al-e-o^-ik).     See  Alleotic. 
Allogamy  (al-ogf -am-e)  [ak/\oc,  other;  yaftoc, marriage]. 

In  biology,  cross  fertilization. 
Alloisomerism     (al-o-isomf-er-izm)     [a'/'/or,     other; 
toofiepfjg,  having  equal  parts].       The  application  of  the 
same  structural  formula  to  many  different  compounds  ; 
a  variety  of  isomerism. 
Allokinetic     (al-o-kin-ef -ik)     [a'/'/or,    other;     k 
motion].      Moved  or  set  in  motion  by  external  impi 
sions  or  forces  ;  not  autokinetic. 
Allolalia  (al-o-la' '-le-ah)  [a.7Juoc,  other;  TmTjeiv,  to  speak]. 

Any  perversion  of  the  faculty  of  speech. 
Allolalic  (al-o-lal'-ik)  [<)/'/"<;.  other;  AaXelv,  to  speak]. 

Affected  with  allolalia. 
Allomerism     (al-omf -er-izm)     [aXkoc,     other;     uepoc, 
shape].      In  chemistry,  the  property  of  retaining  a  con- 
stant crystalline  form  while   the    chemical  constituents 
present,  or  their  proportions,  vary. 
Allomorphism  (al-o-morf'-izm)   [aKXne,  other ;    ua 
shape].      The  property  possessed  by  certain  substances 
of  assuming    a    different    form    while    remaining    un- 
changed in  constitution. 
Allopathy  (al-op* -a-the)  [aXhoc, other;  t&Boc, affection]. 
According  to  Hahnemann,  the  inventor  of  the  term, 
that  method  of  the  treatment   of  disease  consisting  in 
the    use   of  medicines  the  action   of  which  upon    the 
body  in  health  produces  morbid   phenomena  different 
from  those  of  the  disease  treated.      <  >pposed  to  homeo- 
pathv.      It   need  hardly  be  said  that  modern  scientific 
medicine  is  based  upon  no  such  theory,  or  definition, 
as  that  supplied  by  homeopathy.      See  R 
Allophasis  (al-off'-as  is)  [a^Aoi  ,  other;  oamr.  speech]. 

[ncoherency of  speech;  delirium. 
Allophemv  (al-off'-e  me)  [a'/'/or.  other;  oi,ni.  to  speak]. 
See  Heterophemy. 


All  .1  >1'1    \-l 


AD  "   IIIA 


Alloplast  form, 

mold].      In  biology,   a  plastid  composed   of   -< ••■ 
sues  ;   the  opposite  <  if  bomoplast. 

Allorrhythmia 

rhythm  1.      Variation   in  interval  of   the   pulsi 
l'n  iac  Rhythm. 

Allosematic  U-ik)    [dWoc,   other;    OTJfja,   a 

int    character].      Applied    to 
iration  which  enables  an  animal  to  associate  its 
with  some  large  or  dangerous  animal. 
Allosteatodcs  i  .  other;  o 

uAtK,  fat-like].      Marked  by  perversion  or  morbidity 
retion. 
Allotoxin  ither;  rogucdv,  poison]. 

Any   substance,    produced    by   tissue   metamorphosis 
within  the  organism,  that  lends  to   shield  the  body  by 
destroying  microbes  "i"  toxins  that  are  inimical  to  it. 
Allotriodontia  the-ah)       [a7 

,  tooth],      i.   The  transplanting  of  teeth 
fmm   one    person    to   another.     2.   The  existence  of 
teeth  in  abnormal  situation-,  as  in  tumors. 
Allotrioecrisis  o.  ek'-ris-is)  [a/Mrptoc, strange ; 

-  ,  excretion].      The  discharge  or  elimination  of 
foreign  matter-  with  the  excretions. 

Allotriogeusia  [al-ot-re-o-gu' '-se-ah).     Same  a&Allotri- 
\tstia. 

Allotriogeustia  i  '-le-ah)         [<i>      - 

strange  ;  .   taste].      Perversion  of  the  sense  of 

taste  ;   abnormality  of  the  appetite. 

Allotriolithiasis       {al-ot-re-o-Hth-i' -as-is)      [<)'// a-, . 

inge;  '  "<<:.  a  stone].  The  formation  or  existence 
of  a  calculus  of  unusual  material,  or  composed  entirely 
or  in  part  of  a  foreign  body. 

Allotriophagy    [a  ff'-a-je)    \a)OJ>rpijoq,  strange; 

etv,  to  eat].      Depraved  or  unnatural  appetite. 

Allotriotexis     (al-ot-re-o-teks'-is)    [aXMrptog,    strange; 
.    birth],      I.    Abnormality  in    delivery.      2.    The 
birth  or  delivery  of  a  monstrosity. 

Allotriuria      (al-ol-re-u' '-re-ah)      [akMrptoc,    strange; 
«xv,  urine].     Abnormality  of  the  urine. 

Allotrope  (al' '  -o-trop)  \aKkoq ,  different ;  Tponrfj,  a  change]. 
<)ne   of  the   forms   in   which    an    element   capabl 
assuming  different  forms  may  appear. 

Allotrophic  [al-o-troff-ilt)   [«//.<«;,  other  ;  nour- 

ishment]. Having  perverted  or  modified  characters 
as  a  nutrient. 

Allotropism    [al-ot'-ro-pizni)     \_'i)'/nc,    other; 

method].  I.  The  term  expresses  the  fact  of  certain 
ments  exi-ting  in  two  or  more  conditions  with 
differences  of  physical  properties.  Thus  carbon  illus- 
trates allotropism  by  existing  in  the  forms  of  charcoal, 
plumbago,  and  the  diamond.  See  Isomeric,  2. 
Appearance  in  an  unusual  or  abnormal  form. 

Allotropy  (al-of '-ro-peY     Allotropism. 

Allotrylic  \al-o-tril' -ik)  \biKkSrptoq,  foreign;  vfoj,  prin- 
ciple]. Due  to  the  presence  of  a  foreign  principle  <>r 
material ;  enthetic.  A.  Affections,  morbid  states 
caused  by  the  lodgment  of  foreign  substances  in  the 
organism.  The  foreign  substance  may  be  animate  or 
inanimate,  organic  or  inorganic. 

Alloxan    [al  \allantoin;   oxalic],   C4H2N204. 

The  ureld  of  mesoxalic  arid  ;  it  is  produced  by  the 
careful  oxidation  of  uric  and.  or  alloxantin  with  nitric 
acid  or  chlorin  and  bromin.  It  appears  in  long, 
shining,  rhombic  prisms,  easily  soluble  in  water,  with 
a  very  acid  n,  and    possessing    a  able 

taste.  The  solution  placed  on  the  skin  slowly  .-tain- 
it  a  purple  red.      It  occurs  in  the  intestinal  mucus  in 

-  of  dial : 

Alloxanic  Acid  \cid. 

Alloxantin    [al-oks-an' -tin)   \allantoin ;  oxalic],  CgH4- 


N.O, 


,11,').      A   substance  obtained  by  reducing 


alloxan  with  Sn<  1 ,.  rinc  and   II"   1.  or  I  I.,S  in  the  i 
It  occurs  in  -mall,  hard,  colorless  prisms  that  turn  red 
in  air  containing  ammonia.      It-  solution  has  an  acid 
reaction. 
Alloy  [from  tin-  French  word  aloi,  a  contraction 

of  a  i  lot],  i.  A  compound  of  two  or  more  metals  by 
fusion     See  Gold  Plate  and  Gold  Solder,    i.  The  least 

valuable  of  two  or  mere  metal-  thai  are  fused  together. 
Allozooid  (al-o  u/-oid)  [dAAoc,  other;   ; woeid^c, like  an 

animal],      in    zoology,  a    zooid    differing     from    the 

organism  producing  it. 
Allspice  See    Pimenta,  and  Florida  All- 

Sp; 

Aliure  [ii/iir').     Synonym  of  Influenza. 

Allyl  [al'-W]  [(>',,  matter],  C,H5.  A  non-saturated 
univalent  alcohol  radii  al  of  the  oil-  obtained  from 
alliaceous  plants.  It  doi  -  not  exist  in  the  free  state. 
A.  Alcohol,  C3H5H(  ),  a  colorles-  inflammable  liquid, 
with  pungenl  odor,  boiling  at  970  C.  A.  Aldehyd, 
C3H40,  a  syn,  of  Acrolein.  A.  Cyanid. 
Sinamin.  A.  Mustard  Oil,  <  IS.  N.I  ,11  .  Allyl  thio- 
carbimid.  The  principal  constituent  of  ordinary  mus- 
tard oil.  It  is  a  liquid  not  readily  dissolved  by 
water;  boils  at  150. 70;  at  io°,  it  has  a  sp.  gr.  of 
1. 017;  it  has  a  pungenl  odor  and  vesicates  the  skin. 
A.  sulphid,  (1  il  5,  the  essential  oil  of  garlic. 
A.  thiocarbimid.  See  ./.  Mustard  Oil.  A. 
tribromid,  <  ,11  la,,  a  colorless  liquid  used  as  an 
antispasmodic.      Dose,  five  drops.      Unof. 

Allylamin  [al-iP -am-in)  ['/>/,  matter;  ammonia], 
XI!,1  Hi.  Ammonia  in  which  a  hydrogen  atom  is 
replaced  by  allyl.      It  is  a  sharply  caustic  mobile  liquid. 

Allylin  (al-il'-iri)  [i'faj,  matter],  <  ',.]  !,._,•  >..  Monoally] 
ether,  produced  by  heating  glycerol  with  oxalic  acid. 
It  is  a  thick  liquid,  boiling  at  225-2400. 

Almeciga  [al-ma' '-thig-aK)  [Sp.].     See  Elemi. 

Almen  and  Nylander's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Almen's  Tests.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Almond  (am'-und)  [M.  E.,  almonde].  See  Amyg- 
dala. A.  Bread,  a  variety  of  bread  made  from  almond 
flour,  for  use  by  diabetics.  It  is  made  as  follow-  ■ 
Take  of  blanched  sweet  almonds  a  quarter  of  a 
pound.  Heat  them  as  line  as  possible  in  a  stone 
mortar,  remove  the  sugar  by  putting  in  a  linen  bag  and 
steeping  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour  in  boiling  water 
acidulated  with  vinegar;  mix  this  paste  thoroughl) 
with  three  ounces  of  butter  and  two  egg.-.  Add  the 
volk-  of  three  eggs  and  a  little  salt,  and  stir  well  for 
some  time.  Whip  up  the  whites  of  three  egg-  and 
stir  in.  Put  the  dough  thus  obtained  into  greased 
moulds  and  dry  by  a  .-low  lire.  A.  of  the  Ear,  tne 
tonsil.  A.  Mixture.  See  Amygdala1  Mistura.  A. 
Oil,  oleum  amygdalae,  the  fixed  oil  obtained  from 
both  tin-  sweet  and  the  bitter  almond.  It  is  odorless, 
agreeable  to  the  taste,  and  of  a  yellow  color;  sp.  gr. 
.919  at  150  C.  It  i.-  used  in  pharmacy  and  medi 
and  in  soap-making,  A.  Oil,  Bitter,  (ileum  amyg 
(hi!  See  Amygdala.     A.  Paste,  a  inn 

of  bitter  almonds,  alcohol,  white  of  egg  and  rose-watei . 
used  to  soften  the  -kin  and  prevent  the  hands  and  lips 
from  chapping.     A.  of  the  Throat,  the  tonsil. 

Alnuin  [alf-nu-in)  [Celtic,  al,  near;  Ian,  a  river  bank]. 
A  precipitate  from  the  tincture  of  Alnus  rubra.  Said 
to  I  tive  and  resolvent.     Dose  gr.  ii-x.     (not 

Alnus    (al'-iin   1    [Celtic,   al,    near;    Ian,  a   river  bank], 

Alder  Bark.  The  bark  ol  the  American  Alder,  ./. 
se rrulata,  contains  tannic  acid.  The  decoction  of  bark 
and  leave-  i-  astringent,  and  used  a-  a  gargle  and  :i-  a 
lotion  for  wounds  and  ulcers.  Dose  oi  powderedbark 
gr.  x. 
Alochia   {ah-lo'-ke-ah)    [a    priv.;    >«v'".    the    lochia]. 

AbSl    ll'e    of    the    ]  o.  Ilia. 


a  i. or. 


63 


A  I  SACE  G 


6)  [">'»//,  the  aloe].      The  in->[ Heated  jui< 
r.il  species  of  aloe,  of  which  the    /.         ,'nna.  A. 


Aloe 

several  species 
barbadensis,. axid  A.  tnosl  commonly  u 

In  properties  are  due  to  aglucosid,  aloin,  C17H1807.  A 
tonic  astringent,  useful  in  amenorrhea,  chronic  consti- 
pation, and  atonic  dyspepsia.  It  i-  also  an  emmen- 
agogue  and  anthelmintic.  Do  gr.  j-v.  A.  amer- 
icana'.  See  Agave.  A.  Decoct.,  Comp.  (B.P.). 
Dose  gr.  ss— ij.  A.  Enema  (B.P.),  alo 
of  potassium;  mucila  arch.     A.  et  Asafcetida, 

Pil.,  aloes  an  1  asafetida  aa  gr.  i '  ,.  A.  et  Canellae, 
Pulv  ,  contains  powdered  bark  of  Canella  alba.  I 
gr.  v-xx.  A.  et  Ferri,  Pil.,  contains  gr.  j  each  of 
aloes,  ferrous  sulphate,  and  aromatic  powder,  incor- 
porated with  confection  of  roses.  A.  et  Mastich, 
Pil  ,  "  Lady  Webster's"  pill,  contains  each  aloes  gr. 
ij,  mastich  and  red  rose  gr.  ss.  A.  et  Myrrh,  Pil., 
contains  each  aloes  gr.  ij,  myrrh,  gr.  j,  aromatic  pow- 
der gr.  ss,  mixed  with  syrup.  A.  et  Myrrh,  Tinct  , 
aloes  io,  myrrh  io,  alcohol  ioo  parts.  Dose  %  ss-  3  ij. 
A.  Ext.  Aquosum,  prepared  by  mixing  1  with  10  parts 
boiling  water,  straining  and  evaporating.  I  >ose  gr. 
ss-v.  A.  Pil.,  aloes  and  soap  aa  gr.  ij.  A.  Puri- 
ficata,  the  common  drug  purified  by  solution  in  alcohol 
and  evaporation.  Dose  gr.  j-v.  A.  Socotrin,  Pil. 
1  B.  P.),  contains  socotrin,  aloes,  hard  soap,  oil  of  nut- 
meg and  confection  of  roses.  Dose  gr.  v-x.  A. 
Tinct.,  consists  of  aloes  10,  glycyrrhiza  10,  dil.  alcohol 
100  parts.  Dose  ^ss-^ij.  A.  Vin.,  has  aloes  6, 
cardamon  I,  ginger  I,  str.  white  wine  100  parts. 
I '  >se    3J-31V. 

Aloedary  (al'-o-ed-a-re)  [ahorjfiapiov ,  aloedarium].  A 
compound  aloetic  purgative  medicine. 

Aloeretin  (al-o-e-re'-tin)  [aAor/,  aloes;  pijrtvrj,  resin]. 
A  brown  resin  contained  in  aloes. 

Aloes  (al'-oz).  See  Aloe.  A.  Caballine  \_caballus, 
a  horse].  Coarse  aloes,  used  in  veterinary  medi- 
cine. A.  Hepatic,  dark  liver-colored  aloes,  mostly 
Socotrine  or  Barbadian.  A.  Lign.  See  Agallo- 
chum. 

Aloes-wood  (al'-oz-wood).  See  Agallochum,  and 
Aquilaria. 

Aloetic  (al-o-et'-ik)  \iikoi],  the  aloe].  Containing  or 
pertaining  to  aloes. 

Aloetin  (al-o-e' '-tin)  [_aX6i/,  the  aloe;  pqrivrj,  resin].  I. 
Aloeretin.  2.  A  yellow  crystalline  principle  obtain- 
able from  aloes  ;  aloeretic  acid. 

Alogia   [ah-lo'-je-ak)   [<i   priv.  ;    t.Syoc,  word,   reason]. 

1.  Inability  to  speak,  due  to  some  psychical    defect. 

2.  Stupid  or  senseless  behavior. 

Alogotrophy  (al-o-got' -ro-fe)  [a/Loyoc,  strange,  absurd  ; 
rpoff),  nutrition].  Irregular  and  perverted  nutrition, 
leading  to  deformity. 

Aloin  (al'-o-in)  [aMq,  the  aloe].  A  bitter  principle 
found  in  aloes.  It  forms  tine  needles,  possesses  a 
very  bitter  taste,  and  acts  as  a  strong  purgative.  Sev- 
eral glucosids  of  this  name  are  described  ;  as  Bar- 
baloin,  Nataloin,  Zanaloin,  Socaloin,  1/.  v. 

Alonette's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Tab/, 

Alonsenel  (al-on-sen-el')  [Fr.].  A  variety  of  the  Cow- 
ania  mexicana%  a  tall,  rosaceous  shrub  of  Mexico  and 
the  Rocky  Mountain  region.  It  is  also  called  Cowan 
Plant  and  Clitf-rose.  It  is  locally  valued  as  a  styptic 
and  astringent.      Unof. 

Alopecia  (al-o-pe'  -se-ali)  [a/.wT//,:,  a  fox].  Baldness  : 
Calvities  ;  a  term  employed  to  designate  the  forms  of 
baldness  occurring  in  any  disease  as  a  symptom  of 
the  latter,  or  occurring  as  a  purely  local  affection  of 
the  follicles  in  which  the  pilary  filaments  are  lodged. 
It  mav  be  universal  or  partial,  congenital  or  acquired, 
physiological  or  pathological,  symmetrical  or  asym- 
metrical.      It    follows   a    larjje  number    of    systemic 


affection-.       A.    adnata.      See    -/.,  il.       A. 

areata;    A-  i;   Tinea  decalvans ;    Porrigo    de- 

ans      \  .  ircumscripta  ;    that  m   in 

which   suddenlj  ■  ral,   usually 

asymmetrically  distributed,  patches  ■•!  baldness  ap 
upon  th'-  hairy  regions  of  the  body,  more-  often  upon 
lii'-  -'  dp  and  pa  red  by  the  beard.    I  be  pal 

wiry  in  size  from  a  pin-head  to  an  involvement  of  the 
entii  ilescing  of  many 

'fhe   disease  may  be  produced  by  traumatism  of  the 
head,  nervous  shock,  neurasthenia,  ring  the 

scalp  and  syphilis.     A.  circumscripta.     See    /.  are- 
ata.    A.,  Congenital,  a  rare:  form, seldom  com] 
due   t..  absence  of  hair-bulbs.     A.  furfuracea  ; 

ia  pityroides  capillitii ;  Pityriasis  capitis;  Seborrhea 
iillitii  ;  Pityriasis  itnpL  1  .■  Dandruff;  a  form  of 
baldness  associated  with  a  disorder  of  ti. 
marked  by  hyperemia,  itching,  and  exfoliation  of 
dry  or  fatty  scales  from  it-  -urface.  It  may 
acute  or  chronic,  and  produce  a  dryness,  brittle! 
and  lack  of  luster  in  the  hair.  A.  localis ;  ./. 
neuritica  :  that  form  occurring  in  one  or  more  patches 
at  the  site  of  an  injury,  or  in  the  course  of  a  recog- 
nizable nerve.  A.  neuritica.  See  A.  localis.  A. 
neurotica,  a  name  given  to  baldness  of  tropho- 
neurotic origin.  A.  orbicularis.  Same  as  A.  cir- 
cumscripta.  A.  pityroides  capillitii.  See  A. 
furfuracea.  A.  pityroides  universalis,  a  rapid 
and  general  denudation  of  hair  occurring  in  debilitated 
states,  preceded  by  abundant  desquamation  of  fatty 
scales.  The  skin  is  rather  firmer  and  stiffer  than 
normal.  A.  senilis  ;  Senile  Calvities ;  that  occur- 
ring in  old  age  from  atrophy  and  sclerosis  of  the  scalp. 
A.  simplex,  the  idiopathic  premature  baldness  of 
young  adults.  Most  common  in  male-.  Often 
ciated  with  premature  grayness.  A.  syphilitica, 
that  due  to  syphilis.  A.  universalis,  that  in 
which  there  is  a  general  falling  out  of  the  hairs  of 
the  body. 

Alopecist  (al-o-pe' -sist)  [ii/ <'.)- ,-;; ,  a  fox].  One  who 
makes  a  specialty  of  the  treatment  of  baldness. 

Alopecoid  (al-o-pe' -koid)  [i'i/(Jt//,:,  a  fox  ;  etdoc,  form]. 
Resembling  a  fox  ;  vulpine. 

Alouchi  (al-oo'-cki).      See  Acuchi. 

Alouette's  Amputation.      See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Aloxanthin  (al-oks-an'-tkin),  C13H,0O6.  A  yellow 
substance  obtained  from  barbaloin  and  socaloin  by  the 
action  of  bichromate  of  potassium. 

Alpestrine  (al-pes'-trin)  [alpestris,  alpine].  Peculiar 
to  mountain  districts,  as  alpestrine  diseases. 

Alpha  (al'-faK)  [a/<>/,  the  first  letter  of  the  alphabet]. 
The  Greek  letter  a,  used  in  combination  with  many 
chemical  terms  to  indicate  the  first  of  a  series.  A. 
Angle.  See  /ingle.  A. -dextrin.  Same  as  Ery- 
thro-dextrin.  A.  Kava  Resin.  See  Lewinin.  A- 
naphthol.  See  Naphthol.  A.-naphthol  Test.  See 
Tests,  Tail,  of.  A.-oxynaphthoic  Acid.  See  Acid, 
ha-  0.  xyn  aphth  oic. 

Alphenic  n'-ik)   [Fr. ,  Alphtnic\.     White   barley 

sugar. 

Alphonsin  (al-fon'-sin}.      See  Alfonsin. 

Alphos  I  [.'//00c,  vitiligo].      1.    An  old  name  for 

leprosy.      -■    Psoriasis.      3.    A  term  vaguely  applied  to 
various  skin  diseases.      See  Psori. 

Alphosis  (al-fo'-sis)  [aXfdq,  vitiligo].  Albinism;  leu- 
coderma. 

Alpinia  (al-pin'-e-ah)  \Alpinus,  Italian  botanist  of  the 
sixteenth  century].  A  genus  of  zingiberaceous  trop- 
ical plants.  A.  ificinarum,  A.  chinensis,  and  other 
species  furnish  Galangal,  q.v.  Still  other  species  are 
medicinal.     Unof. 

Alsace  Gam  See  Dextrin. 


ALST<  'MIHN 


64 


ALUS!  \ 


Alstonidin  [al-ston'-id-in)  [A  -  >:.  a  Scotch  botanist]. 
An  amorphous  substance  contained  in  a  variety  of  Rita 
I '.irk. 

Alstonin  -nin)  [Alston,  a  Scotch  botanist],      i. 

An  amorphous  substance  contained  in  a  variety  of 
Dita  bark.  2.  \  crystalline  alkaloid,  ( '.,  1 1  ,,,V' ',. 
obtained  from  .  /  icta. 

Alter  I    ,"  other"],      ro  castrate,  or  spay. 

Alterant  Same  as  Altera: 

Alteration  tn)   [alterare,  to  make  other], 

A  change,  as  of  form.     A.  Theory.     See  Difference 

Alterative  {awlf -ter-a-tiv)  [alter,  another],  A  medi- 
cine that  alters  the  es  of  nutrition  and  exi 
tion.  restoring,  in  some  unknown  way,  and  without 
sensible  evacuation,  the  normal  functions  of  an  organ 
or  of  the  system.  It  seems  to  l>e  a  necessary  or  . 
venient  term  covering  our  ignorance  of  the  modus 
1  certain  medicines,  as  mercury,  iodin,  etc. 
A.,  Compound,  a  domestic  remedy  consisting  of  bam- 
boo, brier-root,  stillingia,  burdock-root,  and  poke-root, 
aa  fld.  ext.  %^iij.  prickly-ash  bark  fid.  ext.  3j. 
Recommended  by  Sims  in  scrofulous  affections.     Dose 

SJ-iJ- 
Alternate  'er-ndt)  [alternare,  to  do  by  turns].    In 

my,  applied  to  that  form  of  leaf-arrangement  in 
which  only  one  leaf  occurs  at  a  node.  A.  Genera- 
tion     See  Alternation  of  Generations. 

Alternating  {awl* -ter-nat-ing)  [alternare,  to  do  by 
turns].  ( lecurring  successively.  A.  Insanity,  a 
form  of  insanity  in  which  there  are  regular  cycles  of 
exaltation  and  depression. 

Alternation  {aivl-ter-na'-shun)  [alternare,  to  do  by 
turns].  Repeated  transition  from  one  state  to  another. 
A.  of  Generations.  1.  In  biology,  a  generative 
cycle  in  which  the  young  do  not  resemble  the  parent, 
but  like  forms  are  separated  by  one  or  more  unlike 
generations.  2.  That  form  of  reproduction  in  which 
some  of  the  members  of  the  cycle  can  produce  new 
beings  non-sexually,  while  in  the  final  stage  reproduc- 
tion is  always  sexual.  Tenia  or  tapeworm,  is  an 
■tnple.  The  segments,  Proglottides,  are  herma- 
phrodite, and  are  evacuated  with  the  feces.  From  the 
egg,  fertilized  after  it  is  shed,  is  developed  the  embryo, 
that  is  swallowed  by  another  animal,  in  whose  tissues 
it  forms  an  encysted  stage  {Cysticercus,  Ccenurus,  or 
Eckinococcus).  To  undergo  further  development  the 
cysticercus  must  find  another  host,  where  it  forms  new 
segments. 

Althaus's  Oil.  A  modification  of  Lang's  Oil.  It  is 
made  as  follows :  Metallic  mercury  I  part,  pure  lano- 
lin 4  parts,  2  per  cent,  carbolic  oil  5  part>.  It  forms 
a  homogeneous  gray  cream  that  has  no  tendency  to 
decomposition.  It  is  used  in  the  treatment  of  syphilis 
in  injections  of  n\v  at  a  dose. 

Althea  or  Althaea  {al-the' '-ah)   [L.].      Marsh-mallow. 
The   peeled   root  of    /    officinalis,  a  plant  of  the  mal- 
low   family.       It   consists   of  about   one-third    of   vege- 
■■   mucus  and    Stan  h,   together   with   the  alkaloids 
t  baragin  and  Althein  1  latterly  regarded  as  identical). 

I'-   d :tion   is    employed    as  a  mucilaginous  drink. 

A.   syrupi   contains   four  percent,  althea.      hose   in- 
definite       Xsparagin   po  dative   and  diuretic 
properties,  and   is  useful    in  ascit'-  and  gout.      I  1 
gr.  ij-iij. 

Althein  {al-the'  in).      See  Althea. 

Alticomous  {al-hk* '-o-mus)  [alius,  high;  coma,  head 
of  hair,  foliage].  In  biology,  leafy  at  or  near  the 
summit  only. 

Altitude  [al'-te-tud]  [altitudo,  height].  The  height,  as 
of  an  individual.  In  climatology,  the  elevation  of 
a  place  above  the  sea-level.      A.  staff,  a  device  em- 


ployed  lor  measuring  the  exact  height  of  recruits.  It 
consists  ot  a  rigid  upright  with  a  vertex-bar  moving 
without  play  at  right  angles  to  the  upright. 

Altricious  {al-trish'-us)  [altrix,  a  nurse].  Requiring 
a  long  nursing;  hence,  slow  of  development  (the  re- 
verse ot  precoci<  1 

Aluchi  (al-oo/-cAi).     See  Acuehi. 

Aludel  \aP-u-del)  [Arab.,  al,  the;  uthal,  utensil].  In 
chemistry,  a  pear-shaped  glass  or  earthen  vessel  used 
in  sublimation. 

Alum  {al'-um)  [alumen,  alum].  Any  one  of  a  class 
of  double  sulphates  formed  by  the  union  of  one  of 
the  sulphates  oi  certain  non  alkaline  metals  with  a 
sulphate  of  some  alkaline  metal.  The  standard  (or 
common  commercial)  alum,  the  official  A  lumen,  U. 
S.  1'  .  is  the  aluminium-potassium  sulphate,  AL.- 
(S04)„  ■  K2S04  •  2411,0.  It  is  a  powerful  astrin- 
t  and  styptic  in  medicine,  and  is  extensively  used 
in  the  arts.  It  is  employed  by  bakers  to  whiten  their 
bread,  but  the  effect  upon  the  system  is  probably  in- 
jurious. Ordinary  A.  Ammoniac  is  the  same  as  the 
above,  except  that  the  potassium  is  replaced  by  am- 
monium. It  is  official  in  Great  Britain,  and  is  exten- 
sively used  on  account  of  its  cheapness.  What  is 
known  as  concentrated  or  patent  alum,  is  the  normal 
aluminium  sulphate  {aluminii  sulphas)  which  is  not  a 
true  alum.  A.  Ammonio-ferric  [Ferri  et  Ammonii 
sulphas),  U.  S.  P.,  is  strongly  styptic,  and  is  useful  in 
leucorrhea.  Dose  gr.  v-x.  A.  Potassio-ferric  is 
extremely  similar  to  the  A.  ammonio-ferric.  (For  A. 
Rubidium,  see  Rubidium).  A.  Sodae,  double  sul- 
phate of  sodium  and  aluminium,  is  too  soluble  for 
ordinary  uses.  The  other  alums  are  very  numerous, 
but  they  are  of  little  interest  to  the  physician.  A. 
Whey,  a  preparation  obtained  by  boiling  3  ij  of  alum 
in  a  pint  of  milk,  and  straining.  It  is  used  as  an  astrin- 
gent   ami  internal  hemostatic,  in  wineglassful  doses. 

Alumen  {al-u'-men)  [L. ,  gen. ,  Aluminis].  See  Alum. 
A.  exsiccatum,  burnt  or  dehydrated  alum. 

Alumina  {al-uf -min-ak)  [L.].  Sesquioxid  of  alumin- 
ium ;  the  principal  ingredient  of  clay,  and  of  many 
-tones,  earths  and  minerals. 

Aluminate  [al-u' -tnin-ai)  [alumina].  A  basic  salt  of 
alumina. 

Aluminated  Copper.      See  Lapis  divinus. 

Aluminiferous  {al-u-min-if -er-us)  [alumen,  alum ; 
ferre,  to  form].      Yielding  alum. 

Aluminium  [al-u-min1 '-e-um)  [R]  A]  —  27.  Quan- 
tivalence  II,  iv.  A  silver  white  metal  distinguished 
by  its  low  sp.  gr. ,  about  2.6.  A.  hydrate,  Al  ,1  1 1<  I  , . 
a  tasteless  white  powder,  feebly  astringent.  Dose  gr. 
iij-xx.  A.  and  Potassium  sulphate,  K.,Al.,iN 
{Alum.  (j.  v. ),  a  valuable  astringent  used  in  catarrh, 
leucorrhea,  gonorrhea.  Dose  gr.  x-xx.  In  teaspoon - 
ful  doses,  an  emetic.  A.  sulphate,  A12(S04)8,  an 
antiseptic  and  astringent  used  as  a  lotion  in  5  per  cent, 
solution.  A.  acetate,  unof.  ;  a  disinfectant.  A. 
acetotartrate,  unof.  ;  a  disinfectant. 

Aluminosis  {al-u-min-o* -sis)  [aluminium].  A  pul- 
monary disease  common  among  workers  in  aluminium  ; 
the  dust  1  ollectS  within  the  lung  tissue. 

Alumnol  {al-um'-nol)  [aluminium"].  An  astringent 
and  antiseptic  "  sulphur  combination  of  aluminium." 
I  seful  in  gonorrhea,  endometritis,  ear.  nose  and  skin 
diseases,  etc.      I  sed  in  the  main  externally.     Unof. 

Alum  Root.      I  he  root  of  Heuchera  americana.     Prop 
ertie-  due  to  gallic  and  tannic  acids.      It  is  vny  astrin- 
gent.    Dose  of  the  fld.  ext.  gtt,  x-xx.     Also  the  root 
of  Geranium  maculatum,  a  mild  and  safe  astringent. 
See  Geranium.     Unof. 

Alusia  fal-u' '-ze-ah)  [aMietv,  to  wander].  Hallucina- 
tion ;    morbid  state  of  mind. 


AI.l'l  A  i   !•".(  >!   - 


65 


AMAUR<  "SIS 


Alutaceous  (al-u-ta/-sae-us)  [alula,  soft  leather].  In 
botany,  of  a  pale  brown  color,  like  untanni  'I   leather. 

Alvearium  [al-ve-a' -re-urn)  [I..].  The  external  audi- 
tory canal  or  meatus. 

Alveloz  [al-vel-oth')  [Sp.].  An  extractive  from  Eu- 
phorbia icterodoxa,  having  diuretic  properties.  It  is 
highly  recommended  as  a  topical  application  in  can- 
cer.     Unof. 

Alveolar  (al-ve' '-o-lar)  [alveolus ,  a  small  hollow].  Per- 
taining to  the  alveoli  or  sockets  of  the  teeth.  A.  Ab- 
scess, a  gum-boil.  A.  Arch,  the  alveolar  surface  of 
the  jaw.  A.  Artery,  a  branch  of  the  internal  maxil- 
lary. A.  Border,  the  face  margin  of  the  jaws.  A. 
Cancer.  See  Cancer.  A.  Index,  in  craniometry, 
the  gnathic  index  ;  the  ratio  of  the  distance  between 
the  basion  and  alveolar  point,  to  the  distance  be- 
tween the  basion  and  the  nasal  point,  multiplied  by 
loo.  (Sometimes  the  basilar  index  is  called  the  alve- 
olar index.)  See  Index  and  Craniometrical  Points. 
A.  Point.  See  Craniometrical  Points.  A.  Process, 
the  border  of  the  superior  maxilla  in  which  the  alveoli 
are  placed.      A.  Sarcoma.     See  Sarcoma. 

Alveolarium  {al-ve-o-la' '-re-um)  [alveus,  a  bee-hive]. 
A  name  sometimes  applied  to  the  external  meatus  of 
the  ear.  It  is  so  called  because  the  wax  of  the  ear 
gathers  in  that  place. 

Alveolate  (al-ve* -o-lat,  or  al'-ve-o-ldt)  [alveola/us,  hol- 
lowed out  like  a  little  tray].  In  biology,  pitted,  honey- 
combed. 

Alveoli  (al-ve' -o-li).      Genitive  and  plural  of  Alveolus. 

Alveolitis  [al-ve-o-W '-lis)  [alveolus,  a  hollow  ;  trie,  in- 
flammation].   Inflammation  of  the  alveolus  of  a  tooth. 

Alveolo-condylean  (al-ve' -o-lo-kon-dil'-e-an)  [alveo- 
lus, a  hollow;  Kovdv'/.or,  a  knuckle].  In  craniometry, 
pertaining  to  the  alveolus  and  condyle.  A.  Plane. 
See  Plane. 

Alveo1o-dental  (al-ve'-o-lo-den'-tal)  [alveolus,  a  hol- 
low ;  dens,  dentis,  a  tooth].  Pertaining  to  the  teeth 
and  their  sockets. 

Alveolo-labialis  (al-ve' -o-lo-lab-e-a' -lis)  [alveolus,  a 
hollow;   labium,  the  lip].      The  buccinator  muscle. 

Alveolo-subnasal  (al-ve' ' -o-lo-sub-na' '-sal)  [alveolus,  a 
hollow;  sub,  under;  nasus,  nose].  In  biology,  per- 
taining to  the  alveolar  and  subnasal  points  of  the  skull. 
A.  Prognathism.     See  Prognathism. 

Alveolus  (al-Te'-o-lus)  [L.  ;  pi. ,  Ah/eoli\.  The  bony 
socket  of  a  tooth.  A.  of  Glands,  the  ultimate  sacs 
of  a  racemose  gland.  A.  of  the  Lungs,  are  the  air 
cells.  A.  of  the  Stomach,  or  the  alevolar  structures , 
are  depressions,  like  honeycomb  cells,  found  in  the 
stomach,  intestines  and  esophagus. 

Alvergnat's  Pump.  An  instrument  used  in  estimating 
the  gaseous  constituents  of  the  blood. 

Alveus  (al'-ve-us)  [alveus,  a  trough].  A  trough, 
tube,  or  canal ;  applied  to  ducts  and  vessels  of  the 
body.  A.  communis,  the  utricle  of  the  ear.  A. 
hippocampi,  a  certain  structure  in  the  cerebral  hem- 
isphere investing  the  convexity  of  the  hippocampus 
major. 

Alviduca  (al-ve-du'-ka)  [alvus,  the  belly ;  ducere  to 
lead].      Laxative  or  cathartic  medicines. 

Alvifiuxus  (al-re-Jfuks'-us)  [alvus,  the  belly  ;  fluxus, 
a.  flow].  A  free  alvine  discharge  ;  a  diarrhea.  A. 
Torminosus.     A  synonym  of  Dysentery. 

Alvine  {al'-irin  or  -vin)  [alvinus  ;  alvus ,  belly].  Per- 
taining to  the  belly.  A.  Concretion,  an  intestinal 
calculus.  A.  Dejections,  the  feces.  A.  Discharges, 
the  feces.    A.  Obstruction.   Synonym  of  Constipat 

Alvus  (al'-vus)  [L. ].  The  belly,  or  its  contained 
viscera. 

Alymphia     (ah-limf'-e-ah)      [a   priv.  ;     lympka,    clear 
water].      A  deficiency  of  lymph. 
5 


Alysm,  or  Alysmus  [al'-izm,  or  al-izf-mus)  [aA.vcsy.6q, 
a  wandering].  Disquietude;  restlessness;  mental 
disquiet;  sadness;  anxiety. 

Amadelphous  [am  ad-el'-fus)  [nun,  together; 
brother].      In  zoSlogy,  gregarious. 

Amadou  (am'  <i  doo)    [Fr.,  amadouer,  to  coax].      Ger 
man  tinder  or  touchwood  ;    Boletus  igniariu  ,a  fun 
found  "ii   old  tree-trunks,  used  to  stanch  local    hi 
orrh  i  dressing  of  wounds,  etc. 

Amalgam  [am-al'-gam)  [uu'/nyua,  a  soft  mass].  A 
combination  of  mercury  with  any  other  metal.  See 
Copper  Amalgam.  A.  Carrier  and  Plugger,  an 
instrument  designed  for  carrying  and  introducing  amal- 
gam  into  the  cavity  of  a  tooth.  A.  Manipulator,  an 
instrument  used  by  dentists  for  preparing  amalgam 
fillings. 

Amalgamation   {am-al-gam-a'-shun)    [uu'/ayim,  a  -oft 
mass].       In    metallurgy,    the   process   of    combining 
icury  with  some   oilier  metal,  as  practiced  in  sepa- 
rating silver  and  gold  from  some  other  ores. 

Amalic  Acid  {am-al'-ik).     See  Acid. 

Amandin  [am-an'-din)  [Fr.,  amande,  almond].  A 
proteid  contained  in  sweet  almonds. 

Amandine  \  am-an'-din)  [Fr.,  amande,  almond].  A 
kind  of  cold  cream  or  almond  pa>te. 

Amanitin  (am-an'-it-in)  [uimiirai,  a  kind  of  fungus]. 
I.  A  principle  identical  with  cholin,  obtained  from 
the  fly  agaric.  2.  A  poisonous  glucosid  obtainable  from 
various  species  of  agaric. 

Amara  (am-a'-rd)  [amarus,  bitter].      Bitters. 

Amaranthus  spinosa  (am-ar-an' -thus  spi-no' -sah) 
[L.].  The  fresh  root  of  the  shrub  is  used  in  India  a-  a 
specific  in  gonorrhea.  An  emollient  and  diuretic. 
Dose  indefinite.     Unof. 

Amarin  (am-a'-rin)  [amarus,  bitter],  C21 II,. \\.  Tri- 
phenyl  dihydroglyoxalin,  results  from  boiling  hydro- 
benzamid  with  caustic  potash.  It  crystallizes  from 
alcohol  and  ether  in  prisms,  melting  at  II30.  It 
exerts  a  poisonous  effect  on  animals. 

Amarone  (am-ar-on')  [amarus,  bitter],  C16HnN.  A 
crystalline  substance  produced  by  the  dry  distillation 
of  hydrobenzamid  and  other  substances. 

Amarthritis  (am-ar-thri'-tis)  [hua,  together ;  d/>#/> 
joint;   trie;,  inflammation].      Arthritis  affecting  many. 
or  several  joints  at  once. 

Amasesis  (ah-mas-e'-sis)  [a  priv.  ;  (laoijoiq,  chewing]. 
Inability  to  chew  the  food. 

Amassette  (am-as-et')  [Fr.].  A  kind  of  spatula,  often 
of  horn,  used  in  color-grinding  and  in  pharmacy. 

Amasthenic  (am-as-then'-ik)  [atia,  together;  oOevoc, 
strength].  Uniting  the  chemical  ray  of  light  in  a 
focus,  as  a  lens. 

Amastia  (ah-mas'-te-ah)  [a  priv.  ;  fiaardg,  breast]. 
The  condition  of  being  without  raamms  or  nipples. 

Amativeness  (am* -at-iv-nes)  [atnare,  to  love].  The 
sexual  passion. 

Amatory  (am'-at-o-re)  [amator,  a  lover].  Pertaining 
to  love.  A.  Fever,  love -. sickness ;  chlorosis.  A. 
Muscles,  the  oblique  muscles  of  the  eye,  used  in 
ogling. 

Amaurosis  (am-aw-ro' -sis)  [auavpoeiv,  to  darken].  A 
term  that,  from  its  vagueness,  is  happily  becoming 
disused,  signifying  partial  or  total  loss  of  vision. 
When  partial,  the  word  amblyopia  is  now  used; 
when  complete,  blindness.  The  word  is  still  some- 
times used  to  express  blindness  when  the  cause  is 
unknown  or  doubtful.  A.  Albuminuric,  that  due  to 
renal  disease.  A.  Cerebral,  that  due  to  atrophy  of 
the  optic  nerve.  A.  Congenital,  that  form  existing 
from  birth.  A.  Diabetic,  that  associated  with  dia- 
betes.  A.  Hysterical,  that  associated  with  hvsteria, 
usually  in  the  female.      A.  Reflex,  that  resulting  from 


AM. UK*  (TIC 


66 


AMEB<  MI) 


a  reflex  action   upon  the  optic  nerve    following  some 

remote   source   of    irritation.     A.   Saburral,  sudden 

iporary  blindness  occurring  in  an    attack  of   acute 

itritis.     A.  Uremic,  that  due  to  an  acute  attack,  or 

an  exacerbation  ^i  a  chronic  form  of  nephritis. 

Amaurotic  .  to  darken].   Re- 

lating to,  or  affected  with  amaurosis.     A.  Cats-eye,  a 
light-reflex  through  the  pupil  in  suppurative  choroiditis. 

Amaxophobia    [am-aks-o-fo* -be-ah)    [inmin,    a    i 

|,      Morbid  dread  of   being    in,  or   riding 
upon,  a  car  or  wagon. 

Amazia    [ah-ma  [a   priv.;    ua£6q,   the   breast], 

nee     of    the    mammary    gland.      See 
.  Imastia. 

Amber  ).      See  Succinum. 

Ambergris  i     <.  [amber;   Fr.  gris,  gray],      A 

substance    excreted    by   the    sperm    whale,    J'/n 
via  It    is    not    known    whether    it     is    a 

pathological    product  or  not.      It    exhales  a  fragrant, 
mus  i    when   warmed,  and   is  used  in  adynamic 

fevers,  chronic  catarrh,  and   nervous  diseases.      1 1 
gr.  j-iij-     Unof.      See  Ambrein. 

Ambidexter  [am-be-deks* '-ter)  [ambo,  both;  dexter,  the 
right  hand].      An  ambidextrous  person. 

Ambidextrous  [am-be-deksf-trus)  [ambo,  both  ;  dexter, 
the  right  hand].  Able  to  use  both  hands  equally 
well. 

Ambigenous  [am-bif-en  us)  \ambi,  both  ;  genus,  born"]. 
In  biology,  having  a  perianth  with  parts  resembling 
sepals  and  petals. 

Ambiparous    [am-bip '-ar-us)    \ambi,    on    both    sides; 

.    to    produce].       In    biology,    producing    both 

kinds  ;   as  a  bud  that  produces  both  leaves  and  (lower. 

Ambloma  [am-blo* -man)  [auj/uum,  an  abortion:  />/., 
Amblomatd],     An  amblosis  or  abortion:     an  aborted 

'US. 

Amblosis  (am-blo'-sis)  [au.Y/ijrstc,  an  abortion].  An 
abortion. 

Amblothridium  [am-blo-thrid/-e-um)  [hfi^KudpiStov,  an 
aborted  fetus:  pi.,  Amblothridid~\.  I.  An  aborted 
fetus.      2.    An  abortifacient  drug  or  agent. 

Amblotic  {am-blof '-ik)  [an  IMrnnog.  See  Amblosis\ 
Abortifacient. 

Amblyaphia     I atn-ble-a' '-fe-ah)     [uu;T/ic,    dull; 
touch].      Dulness  of  the  sense  of  touch. 

Amblyocarpous    [am-ble-o-kar1 '-pus)    [huS'Avr,    blunt, 
dulled;   Ka/j-or,  fruit].      In  botany,  possessing  abortive 
ds. 

Amblyopia  {am-ble-o'-pe-ah)[ini  i'/  re,  dulled  ;  <"nb,  eye]. 

Subnormal  acuteness  of  vision,  due  neither  to  dioptric 

abnormalism  nor  to  visible  organic  lesion.      It  may  be 

'tal ;  from  the  use  of  tobacco  [A.  nicotinics),  or 

alcohol,  or  other  toxic  influences;  from  traumatism  ;  or 

it  maybe  hysterica/.     Nyctalopia  or  day-blindness,  and 

hemeralopia    or  night-blindness,  are    other  forms ;     it 

may  arise    from  entoptic  phenomena,  such    as    muscce 

bsia,  megalopsia,  metamorpkopsia,  etc. 

It  may  take  the  form  of  contracted  fields  of  vision,  of 

'or-blindness,  or  anest'  the  retina.      A.  ex- 

anopsia,  amblyopia    from    disuse,  or  from    non-use : 

argamblyopi.i  i-  ible  term.      A.  post-marital, 

A.  due  to  sexual  excess,  called  Burns'1  s  Amaurosis. 

Amblyopiatrics  [am-ble-o-pe-at'-riks^amblyopia ;  larpt 
jjing   to   medicine].      The    therapeutics   of 
amblyopia. 

Ambolic  [am  bol'-ik)  [afi/Sohfy,  a  putting  off].      CaiisiiiL; 
irtion  ;   abortifacient. 

Ambon  [am,-bon)  [au  \un>,  the  lip  of  a  cup].     The  fibro 
cartilaginous  ring  that  surrounds  a  socket  in  which  the 
head  of  a  large  bone  is  received,  such  as  the  acetabu 
him,  or  the  glenoid  cavity. 

Ambos  (am'  bos)  [Ger.].      The  incus,  or  anvil  bone. 


Ambosexous  [am-bo-seks' -us)\ambo,  both  ;  sexui ,  sex], 

II'!  maphroditic. 
Amboyna  Button  [am-boi'-nah  but'-un).      See  Fram- 

besia. 
Ambra    Grisea    [am'-brah    gris,-e-ah).     Synonym  of 

Ambergris, 
Ambrein  [am'-bre-in) [Fr. ,  Ambrc\     A  substance  much 

resembling  cholesterin ;   it  is  obtained  from  ambergris 

by  digestion  in  hot  alcohol. 
Ambrette   [am-bretf)  [Fr].     The  seed  of  Abelmoschus 

tnoschatus,   <j.  v.  ;   musk  seed.     Used    in    perfumery, 

and     formerly    prescribed    as    a    substitute    for    musk. 
1   aof. 

Ambrosia  [am-bro'-zhe-ah)  [aufipooia,  the  food  of  the 
gods].  A  genus  of  coarse  composite  flowered  herbs. 
A.  artemisiafolia ,  common  hog-weed  of  North 
America;  is  stimulant,  tonic,  antiperiodic,  and  astrin- 
gent. .-/.  trifida,  of  the  United  Mates,  has  similar 
properties.  The  pollen  of  these  plants  is  by  some 
regarded  as  a  cause  of  ha\  fever.      Unof. 

Ambulacral  [am-bu-la1 -kral)  [ambulacrum,  a  walk, 
alley].      In  biology,  related  to  an  ambulacrum. 

Ambulacrum  [am-bu-laf -krum)  [ambulacrum ,  a  walk, 
alley  :  pi. ,  Ambulacra"].  In  biology,  one  of  the  radi- 
ating series  of  perforations  in  the  shell  of  an  echino- 
derm. 

Ambulance  (am'-bu-lans)  [ambulare,  to  walk  about]. 
In  Europe  the  term  is  applied  to  the  surgical  staff  and 
arrangements  of  an  army  in  service.  In  the  United 
States  the  word  is  restricted  to  a  vehicle  for  the  trans- 
ference of  the  sick  or  wounded  from  one  place  to  an- 
other. 

Ambulatory  [am' '-bu-lat-o-re)  [ambulare,  to  walk 
about].  Relating  to  walking.  A.  Blister,  a  blister 
that  changes  its  location.  A.  Clinic,  a  clinic  for 
patients  that  can  walk.  A.  Erysipelas,  erysipelas  that 
shifts  from  plai  i  toplace.  A.  Tumor,  a  pseudo-tumor. 
A.  Typhoid,  walking  typhoid  ;  enteric  fever  in  which 
the  patient  does  not,  or  will  not  take  to  his  bed. 

Ambulo  [am'-bu-lo)  [ambulare,  to  walk  about].  A 
pseudo-tumor  of  the  abdomen  ;  a  painful  and  shifting 
abdominal  distention  due  to  flatulence. 

Ambury  [am'-ber-e).      See  Anbury. 

Ambustion  [am-bus' -chun)  [ambustio,  a  burn].  A  burn 
or  scald. 

Ameba  or  Amceba  iam-e'-bali)  [apot  Mj,  a  change].  A 
colorless,  single -eel  led.  jelly-like  protoplasmic  organism 
found  in  sea  and  fresh  waters,  constantly  undergoing 
changes  of  form,  and  nourishing  itself  by  surrounding 
objects.  The  white  corpuscles  of  the  blood  perform 
ameboid  movements,  i.e.,  changes  of  form,  consisting 
of  protrusions  and  withdrawals  of  substance.  A. 
bur calis  and  A.  dentalis  (perhaps  identical  species) 
have  been  found  upon  human  teeth.  ./.  col/,  ameba 
of  dysentery.  A.  uro-genitalis,  has  been  observed 
in  mine  and  in  vaginal  secretions. 

Ameban  [am-e'-ban)  [hftoififj,  a  change].  I.  Of  the 
nati  pertaining  to  an  ameba.    2.   Any  organism 

that  maybe  classed  as  an  ami 

Amebic  [am-e'-bik)  [1  ,  a  change].      Pertaining  to 

or  characterized  by  amebae. 

Amebicidal  (am-e-bis-i'-dal).     See  Amebicide. 

Amebicide  (am-e/-bis-id)  [a/wi/Mf,  a  change;  cc  .  to 
kill].  I.  Destructive  of  amelxe.  2.  A  remedy  that 
destroys  amebae. 

Amebodont  [am  nt)   [a/Miffi,  change ;  bdovr,a 

to,  ith].     In  bioli  »gy,  ]  '  rtaining  to  molar  teeth  in  which 
ridges   or   crests  are  alternate;    the   opposite   of 
antiodont. 

Ameboid  [am-e'-boid)  [afioi  '>,.  a  change].    Resembling 
an  ameba  in  form  or  in  changes  :    used  of  white  blood 
cells,    ■ 


a  mi;  i. 


67 


AMID!  )  A<   I!) 


Amel  (am' -el)  [Anglo- French,  amal,  enamel].  An 
old  name  for  Enamel. 

Amelectic  {am-el-ek'-tik).  Affected  with  ameleia ; 
apathetic. 

Ameleia  [am-el-i' -ah)  [afWketa,  indifference].  Morbid 
apathy  ;    indifference. 

Amelia  [ah-me'-le-ah)   [a  priv.  ;  fieXog,  a  limb].      Al. 
sence   of    the   limbs    from    arrested    development,    or 
atroph) . 

Amelification  (am-el-if-ik-a/ -shun)  [M.  E.,  atnell ; 
facere,  to  make].  The  formation  of  the  enamel  of 
the  teeth  by  means  of  the   enamel   cells — ameloblastS. 

Amelioration  [am-il-yo-rar -shun)  [ad,  to;  melior, 
bitter].  Improvement  or  amendment,  as  in  symp- 
toms. 

Ameliorative  {am-iV -yo-ra-tiv)  [ad,  to;  melior,  better]. 
I  ending  to  produce  an  amendment  of  symptoms. 

Ameloblast  (am-el/-o-blast)  [Anglo  drench,  amal, 
enamel;  fl/MOTor,  a  germ].  In  biology,  an  enamel- 
cell,  one  of  the  cylinder  cells  covering  the  papilla 
of  the  enamel  organ,  and  forming  a  beautifully  regular 
epithelial  layer  that  produces  the  enamel,  the  Mem- 
brana  adamantina  of  Raschkow. 

Amelus  [am'-el-us)  [a  priv.;  u.r/oe,  a  limb].  A  mon- 
strosity without  limbs. 

Amendment  [am-endf '-ment)  [M.  E.,  amendement]. 
Improvement  or  recovery  of  health,  more  or  less 
complete. 

Amenia  (iih-me'-tie-ah).     See  Amenorrhea. 

Amenomania  {am-en-o-ma4 '-ne-ah)  [amcenus,  agree- 
able; jiavia,  madness].  A  mild  form  of  mania  in 
which  the  symptoms  are  manifested  under  the  form  of 
gayety,  fondness  of  dress,  exaggeration  of  social  con- 
dition, etc.  ;  a  cheerful,  or  joyous  delirium  ;  a  morbid 
elevation  of  the  spirits. 

Amenorrhea  [ah-men-o-re* '-ah)  [a  priv. ;  (iqv,  month; 
pieiv,  to  flow].  Absence,  irregularity,  or  suppression 
of  menstruation  when  it  should  normally  be  present. 
The  secretion  ma.y  be  retained,  the  result  of  congenital 
or  acquired  atresia  of  some  part  of  the  lower  genital 
tract ;  or  it  may  not  take  place  in  consequence  of  an 
imperfect  development  of  the  ovaries  or  uterus ;  or  it 
may  be  suppressed  because  of  some  form  of  constitu- 
tional disease,  especially  anemia.  Primitive,  is  a 
term  applied  to  those  cases  in  which  the  catamenia 
have  not  appeared  at  the  proper  time,  and  Secondary, 
to  those  in  which  the  discharge  has  been  arrested  after 
it  has  existed  during  the  reproductive  period  of  life. 

Amenorrheal  (ah-men-o-re'-al)  [a  priv.  ;  iii/v,  month; 
peeiv,  to  flow].      Pertaining  to  amenorrhea. 

Ament  [a'-meni)  [ab,  from;  mens,  mentis,  the  mind]. 
A  person  affected  with  amentia;   an  idiot. 

Ament  or  Amentum  [am'-ent,  am-ent'-um)  [amentum, 
a  strap  or  thong].     In  biology,  a  scaly  spike  or  catkin. 

Amentaceous  {am-en-ta' -she-us)  [amentum,  a  strap  or 
thong].     In  biology,  related  in  some  way  to  an  ament. 

Amentia  [ah-men' -she-aK)  [ii  priv.  ;  mens,  mind].  De- 
fective intellect;  a  vague  term  synonymous  with 
idiocy  or  imbecility. 

Amentum  [am-entf-um).      See  Anient. 

Amenty  [ah-m en'-te)  [a  priv.  ;    mens,  mind].    Amentia. 

American  (am-er'-ik-an)  [America].  Peculiar,  or  be- 
longing, to  America.  A.  Aloe.  See  Agave  amer- 
icana.  A.  Catarrh,  a  synonym  for  chronic  post- 
nasal catarrh.  A.  Centaury,  the  herb  Sabbatia 
angular  is,  employed  as  a  substitute  for  gentian.  A. 
Columbo,  the  root  of  Frasera  carolinensis.  Tonic, 
aperient ;  in  large  doses,  purgative.  Dose  of  the  lid. 
ext.  TT^xx-^j.  Proserin,  a  concentrated  extract.  I 
gr.  j-iij.  Unof.  A.  Hellebore.  See  Veratrum 
viride.  A.  Ipecac.  See  Gillenia.  A.  Ivy,  the 
twigs  and  bark  of  Ampelopsis  quinquefolia.     Alterative, 


tonic,  astringent,  and  expectorant.  !>'>-'  of  the  tld. 
ext.  rrLxxx-^j.  Ampelopsin,  the  concentrated  ext. 
Dose  gr.  ij— iv.      Unof.     A.  Saffron.  'hamus. 

A.  Senna.     See  Senna.     A.  Spikenard,  the  rhiz 
of  Aralia   racemosa.      Aromatic,  diuretic-  ami   all 
tive.      Used   in    rheumatism,    dropsy,    and 
affections.      Dose  of  the  decoction  indefinite.      I  not'. 
A.  Swiss    Food,  a   variety  of  infant   milk  food  with 
the    following    composition:     Water    s.o\    ; 
grape-sugar   ami   milk-sugar   5.7X,    cane-sugar   36.43, 
starch  30.85,  soluble  carbohydrates  45.35,  albumin 
10.54,  ash    1. 21.      A.  Valerian.     See    Cypripedium. 
A.  Wormseed.     Si  iodium. 

Amertume   [am-ar-tum')    [Fr.].      A    disease  of   v. 
characterized  by   bitterness,  and  caused  by  a  specific 
bacillus. 

Ametabolic      (ah-met-ab-ol'-ik)     [a  priv.  ;     fit  - 

changeable].  Not  due  to,  or  causing,  or  undergoing, 
metabolism. 

Ametria  [ah-metf -re-ah\  [a  priv.  ;  pi/rpa,  womb]. 
Absence  of  the  uterus. 

Ametrometer  \ah-met-romf -et-er)   [a  priv.  ;    fierpo 
measure;   6i/"?>  sight].      An  instrument  for  measuring 
ametropia. 

Ametropia  (ah-met-ro' '-pe-ali)  [a  priv.  ;  (ilrpov,  a 
measure;  dij/ig,  sight].  Ametropia  exist,  when  an 
imperfect  image  is  formed  upon  the  retina,  due  to 
defective  refractive  power  of  the  media,  or  to  abnor- 
malities of  form  of  the  eye.  In  myopia  the  antero- 
posterior diameter  is  too  great,  or  the  power  of  the 
refractive  media  is  too  great ;  hypermetropic  1  or  // : 
opia)  is  the  exact  reverse  of  the  last ;  astigmatism  is 
due  to  imperfect  curvature  of  the  cornea,  or  of  the 
retina,  or  to  inequality  of  refracting  power  in  dilferent 
parts  of  the  lens  ;  presbyopia  is  due  to  inelasticity  of  the 
lens,  producing  insufficient  accommodation  ;  aphakia, 
or  absence  of  the  lens,  produces  both  insufficient  re- 
fracting power  and  loss  of  accommodation. 

Ametropic  (ah-met-rop'-ik)  ["  priv.  ;  ni-pov,  a  measure  ; 
otpig,  sight].  Affected  with  or  pertaining  to  ame- 
tropia. 

Amianthium  [am-e-anf-the-uni\  [a^iavroc ,  unspotted  ; 
avdoc,  flower].  A  genus  of  liliaceous  or  melantha- 
ceous  plants.  A.  muscce  toxicum  ("  fly  poison  "),  a 
handsome  flowering  plant  of  the  United  States ;  has 
properties  not  unlike  those  of  veratrum.      Unof. 

Amiantus  {am-c-an'-tus),  or  Amianthus  {am-e-an'- 
t hits).      See  Asbestos. 

Amic  (am'-ik)  [ammonid\.  Pertaining  to  an  amin.  or 
having  the  nature  of  an  amin. 

Amici  Prism  (am-e'-che prizm).      See  Prism. 

Amicrobic  (ah-mi-krof-bik)  [a  priv.  ;  microbion, 
microbe].      Not  due  to,  or  associated  with,  microbes. 

Amid  (am'-id)  [ammonia'].  A  chemical  compound 
produced  by  the  substitution  of  an  acid  radical  for  one 
or  more  of  the  hydrogen  atoms  of  ammonia.  The 
amids  are  primary,  secondary,  or  tertiary,  according 
as  one,  two,  or  three  hydrogen  atoms  have  been 
so  replaced.      They  are  white  crystalline  iften 

capable  of  combining  with  both  acids  and  bases.  A. 
Bases.      See  Amins,  Primary. 

Amidin  (aw'-id-in)  [Fr. ,  amidon,  starch].  Starch 
altered  bv  heat  into  a  horny,  transparent  mass  ;  soluble 
starch  ;   that  part  of  starch  which  is  soluble  in  water. 

Amidins    [am'-id-inz)    [ammonia].      Mono-acid   b 
produced  from  the  nitrites  by  heating  with  ammonium 
chlorid.      In  the  free  condition  they  are  quite  unstable. 
They  contain  the  group  C.NH.NH2. 

Amido-acetic  Acid  yam' -id-o-as-c' -tik  as'-id).  See 
Give  c<  «H  and  Glycin. 

Amido-acid  (am' '-id-o-as' '-id)  [ammonia:  aeetum, 
vinegar].     An  acid  containing  the  amido-group,  Nil.,. 


AM  1 1  ii  «,!  \ 


(i- 


AM\lt  -Nil  M 


Amidogen  (am  [amid;  yewav,  to  produce!. 

The  hypothetical  radical.  Ml,,  regarded  .1-  an  essen- 
tial part  of  all  amids.     See  Amid. 

Amido-glycerol  See  Serin. 

Amido-kephalin     </•.'.  [amid ;  KeQaTJ/, 

head].  <  >ne  of  the  modifications  of  kephalin 
found  in  iIk-  brain  tissue.  The  name  is  sometimes  ex- 
tended to  oilier  similar  principles,  the  amidokephalins. 

Amido-lipotide  Any   one   ol    a 

r)  peculiar  group  of  nitrogenous  fats  .-aid  to  exist  in 
the  brain. 

Amidomyelin  [am' '-id-o-mi* 'el-in)  [ti//tt\/ :  uvekSq, 
marrow],  CM1 1., . N., l'<  >,,,.  A  dipolar  alkaloid  <>r  basic 
principle,  derivable  from  brain  tissue.  It  gives  name 
to  a  group  of  similar  bodies,  the  amidomyelins. 

Amidoplast  [am' '-id-o-pla  '<  [afitAov,  starch;  irX&oc 
to  form].      In  biology,  a  name  proposed  bj  Errera  for 
leukoplastids.      Proteid  granules  whose  functions  it  is 
to  form  starch  grains. 

Amido  succinamic       Acid      [am' -id-o-suh-sin-am' -ik 
-   me  .i-  .  tsparagin. 

Amidoxim,  or  Amidoxime  [am-id-ok? '-im).  See 
( '  vamidin. 

Amidulin  [am-id'-u-linS  [lr. ,  amido n,  starch].  Sol- 
uble starch  ;  prepared  by  the  action  of  1I.,S04  on  starch, 
thus  removing  the  -  llulose. 

Amimia  [ah-mim* -e-afi)  \Ji  priv.  ;  filfiog,  a  mimic].    An 

aphasic    symptom  consisting  in   loss  of  the  power  of 

imitation  or  of  pantomime  speech.    A.  Musical,  patho- 

■t  tin-  power  of  playing  musical  instruments. 

Amin  [am'-iti)  [ammonia].  The  Annus  are  chemi- 
cal compound-  produced  by  the  substitution  of  a  basic 
atom  or  radical  for  one  or  more  of  the  hydrogen  atoms 
of  ammonia;  or  basic  derivative-,  of  carbon,  contain 
ing  nitrogen  and  viewed  as  ammonia  derivatives.  In 
deportment  they  bear  some  similarity  to  ammonia, 
lower  members  are  gases  with  ammoniacal  odor 
an  1  are  readily  soluble  in  water;  they  differ  from  am- 
monia in  their  combustibility.  The  highest  members 
are  liquids  soluble  in  water,  only  the  highest  are  spar- 
ingly -oluble.  They  are  called  Aionamins,  Diamins, 
7'riamins,  etc.,  according  to  the  number  of  amidogen 
molecules,  NH2,  substituted  for  H.  A.  Colors.  Same 
as  Anilin  Colors,  q.  :■.  A.  Primary,  an  amin  in 
which  one  hydrogen  atom  i-  replaced  by  a  monovalent 
alkyl.  A.  Secondary,  an  amin  in  which  two  hydrogen 
atoms  are  replaced  by  monovalent  alkyls.  A.  Ter- 
tiary, an  amin  in  which  three  hydrogen  atoms  are 
replaced  by  monovalent  alkyls.  • 

Aminol  [am'-in-ol)  [amin].  A  gaseous  substance 
derived  from  the  methylamin  of  herring-brine  mixed 
with  milk  of  lime.  This  gas  is  cheap  and  powerfully 
disinfectant,  and  it  ha-,  been  used  in  the  purification  of 
-  wage. 

Amins    Process.    See  51  .  Disposal  of . 

Amitosis  [ak-mit-of-sis)  [a  priv.  ;  mitosis,  indirect  cell- 
division,  karyokinesis ;  uirog,  a  thread;  osis].  Cell 
multiplication  by  direct  division,  or  simple  cleavage, 
the  nucleus  usually  assuming  an  hour-glass  shape  and 
dividing  before  the  protoplasm.  The  opposite  of 
mill 

Amitotic  [ah-mit-ot' -ik)  [a  priv. ;  \droq,  thread].  Of 
the  nature  of,  or  characterized  by,  amitosis.  A.  Cell 
Division,  direct-nuclear  subdivi  distinguished 

from  karyokinesis. 

Amixia  [ak-miks'-e-ak)  [</  priv.  ;  iil^ig,  mixing].  In 
biology,  the  formation  of  a  new  species  without  the 
mingling  of  two  individuals  or  their  germs;  asexual 
reproduction,  parthenogenesis. 

Amma  [am'-ah]  [afifia,  a  tie:  pi..  Ammata~\.  A  truss 
1  'i  girdle  for  hernia. 

Ammelid  [am' -el- id)  [Ammonia;  melamid~\,(    H4N. 


1  >,,.      A  sul»tance  produced   by  boiling  melamin  with 

alkalies  or  acids;  it  is  a  white  powder  that  forms  salts 
with  both  acids  and  basi 

Ammelin  (am'-el-in)   [Ammonia;  melam],  (II  \>> 
A  white  powder,  insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  alkalies 
and  min.  1.1I  ai  ids.     Produced  by  boiling  melamin  with 
alkalies  and  acid-. 

Ammeter  [am'-et-er)  [ampere;  fiirpov,  a  measure].  A 
form  of  galvanometer  in  which  the  value  of  the  cur- 
rent is  measured  directly  in  amperes. 

Ammi  [am/-i)  [afi/u,  an  African  plant].  A  genus  of 
umbelliferous  herbs  bearing  aromatic  seeds  or  fruits. 
The  seeds  of  several  species  are  locally  used  in  medi- 
cine.     I  not.     ./.  copticum.     See  Ajowan. 

Ammism  [am'-izm)  [nuuoc,  sand].  Ammotheraphy ; 
psammism. 

Ammonemia,  (am-o-ne'-me-aa).     See  Ammoniemia. 

Ammonia  [am-o' -ne-ah)  [L.].      A  volatile  alkali,  Ml 
See  Ammonium.     A.  Carmin.     See  Stains,  Table  of. 

Ammoniac  [am-o'-ne-ak).      See  Ammoniacum. 

Ammoniacal  [am-o-ni' -ak-al)  [ammonia'].  Containing 
or  relating  to  ammonia. 

Ammoniacum  [am-o-ni' -ak-um)  [afi/iuviaxdg,  belong- 
ing to  ammonia  ;  gen. ,  AmmoniaciX.  Ammoniac.  A 
gum  obtained  from  a  Persian  plant,  Dorema  A»im<>- 
niacum.  A  stimulating  expectorant  and  laxative, 
milling  asafetida.  Employed  in  chronic  bronchial 
affections.  Dose  gr.  x-xxx.  A.  cum  Hydrargyro 
Emplastrum,  ammoniac  72,  mercury  18  per  cent.. 
oleate  of  mercury  .<S,  dilute  acetic  acid  too,  lead 
plaster,  with  sulphur,  and  oil, q.  s.  A.  Emplastrum, 
100  parts  of  ammoniac,  digested  with  140  parts  of 
acetic  acid,  diluted,  -trained,  and  evaporated.  A. 
Emulsum,  a  tour  per  cent,  emulsion  in  water,  the 
resin   being  suspended  by  the  contained  gum.     Dose 

Ammoniameter  [am  0  ne  am' -et-er)[ammonia  :  "■■  rum  , 
a  measure].  An  instrument  for  testing  the  strength 
of  solutions  of  ammonia.  • 

Ammoniemia,  or  Ammoniaemia  [am-o-ne-e' -me-ah) 
[ammonia;  aifia,  blood].  The  theoretical  decomposi- 
tion of  urea  in  the  blood,  yielding  ammonium  car- 
bonate. 

Ammoniorrhea  [am-o-ne-or'-e' '-afi)  [ammonia;  Jteiv,  to 
flowl.     The  passage  of  ammoniacal  urine. 

Ammonium  [am-of -ne-um)  [from  the  name  of  Jupiter 
Amnion,  because  first  discovered  near  his  temple  in 
Libya;  gen.,  Ammonii].  A  hypothetical  alkaline 
base,  having  the  composition  Nil,.  Exists  only  in 
combination.  It  occurs  most. commonly  in  the  lonn  of 
ammonia  gas,  Nil.,  which,  dissolved  in  water,  is  the 
water  of  ammonia  of  commerce.  Inhalation  ot  the 
causes  suffocation  and  edema  of  glottis.  The  salts 
first  stimulate  and  then  paralyze  the  motor  nerves.  It 
is  useful  as  a  stimulant,  as  an  antagonist  in  cardiac  de- 
pression, and  locally  in  bites  and  stings  oi  venomous 
reptiles  and  insects.  Ammonia  Aqua,  water  of  am- 
monia, a  solution  containing  ten  per  cent,  oi  the  gas 
in  water.  Dose  rrpv-  g  ss,  well  diluted.  A.  Aqua 
Fortior,  contains  2N  pel  cent,  of  the  gas  in  solution. 
A.  Aromatic  Spt.,  spirit  of  ammonia,  with  am.  carb., 
am.  aq.,  ol.  lemon,  lavender  and  pimenta,  alcohol  and 
water.  Dose  "ss-ij.  Ammonii  acetas  liq., 
Spirit  of  Mindererus,  dilute  acetic  acid  neutralized 
with  ammonia.  Dose  55  j  —  S  J-  ^-  benzoas, 
Nl  l,<'-I  I  ,« '.  Dose  gr.  v-xv.  A.  Bicarbonas. 
Do  ■     A.  bromid.  NH4Br.    Dose  gr.  x-^ss. 

A.  carbonas,  XII,  I  !<  '<  >..  N  I  l,M  I  ,<  '<  > .,  a  mixture  of 
carl  i'  01.1t  1  and  di  carbonate:  Dose  gr.  v— x.  A. 
chlorid,  NH4C1,  sal  ammoniac.  Dose  gr.  j-xx.  A. 
chloridi  trochisci,  each  lozenge  contains  gr.  ij  of  the 
-alt      A.  fluorid,  used  in  hypertrophy  of  the  spli 


AMMo.VS  FISSURE. 


69 


AMPHIARTHRi  ISIS 


Dose  gr.  Jf-\-  A.  glycyrrhizas.  Unof.  An  ex- 
pectorant. A.  iodidum,  MI,I.  Dose  gr.  ij-x.  A. 
liniment,  am.  aq.  35,  alcohol  5,  cottonseed  oil 
A.  Molybdenate  Test.  See  Tests,  Table  of.  The 
following  salts  and  tlieir  preparations  arc  official  i  A. 
nitras,  NH4NOs,  used  only  in  preparing  nitrous  oxid. 
A.  phosphas,  1 .  N  1 1, 1 ,1 1  Pi  >,.  Dose  gr.  v-xx.  A. 
picras,  (  ,;l  l.,(  N  I  l,)i  Nl  >,).,<  »,  a  sail  in  yellow  needles, 
of  bitter  taste;  like  other  picrates  it  is  explosive,  and 
must  be  handled  with  care.  It  is  antipyretic  and  anti- 
periodic,  and  tends  to  correct  gastric  disturbam 
I  lose  gr.  v  in  24  hours ;  best  given  in  wafers,  each 
containing  half  a  grain.  A.  Spt.,  a  ten  per  cent, 
solution  of  aqua  ammonise  in  alcohol.  Dose  HLx-zj, 
diluted.  A.  sulphas,  (NH4)aS04,  used  only  in  "the 
preparation  of  other  ammonium  salts.  A.  valeria- 
nas,  NH4C5H9Oj.  Dose  gr.  j— v.  RaspaiVs  Eau 
Sedatif  (unof.),  aqua  ammonise  3ij,  sodium  chlorid 
3  ij,  spt.  vini  camph.  ^iij,  aq.  §xxxij.  For  local 
use. 

Amnion's  Fissure.  See  Fissure.  A.'s  Horn.  See 
Ihppocamp.  A.'s  Operation.  See  Operations,  Table 
of.  A.'s  Posterior  Scleral  Protuberance,  a  variety 
of  posterior  ectasia  of  the  sclera  of  the  eye. 

Ammophilous     (atn-off'-il-us)    [aiiuor,    sand;     < 
loving].      In  biology,  inhabiting  sandy  [daces. 

Ammotherapy  (am-o-ther'-a-pe)  [a/i/ioc,  sand;  depa- 
-  veiv,  to  heal].  The  use  of  sand-baths  in  the  treat- 
ment of  disease. 

Amnemonic  {am-ne-mon' -ik)  [a  priv. ;  fivr/fiovticSs, 
relating  to  the  memory].  Accompanied  by  or  result- 
ing in  impairment  of  the  memory. 

Amnemosyne  {am-ne-mos' '-en-e)  [a  priv.;  (ivefioavvq, 
memory] .     Forgetfulness. 

Amnesia  (am-ne' -se-ah)  [afivTjma,  forgetfulness].  De- 
fect of  memory.  Loss  of  the  memory  for  words.  A. 
Acustica,  word-deafness.  A.  Periodic.  See  Double 
Consciousness. 

Amnesic  [am-ne'-sik).      Relating  to  amnesia. 

Amnestia  [am-nesr -te-ah)  [afivr/crria,  forgetfulness]. 
Amnesia. 

Amnestic  (am-nes'-tik)  [a/ivqoria,  forgetfulness].  1. 
Amnesic.      2.    Causing  amnestia. 

Amnia  \am'-ne-ah)  [afiviov,  a  young  lamb].  Plural 
of  .  Imnion,  q.  v. 

Amniac  (a in' -ne-ak)  [d/iviov,  a  young  lamb].  Am- 
nionic. 

Amnio-chorial  (am-ne-o-ko'-re-al)  [afiviov  ;  x^Pl0v,  a 
membrane].      Pertaining  to  both  amnion  and  chorion. 

Amnioclepsis  [am-ne-o-klep'-sis)  [afiviov,  amnion; 
K/rrn-ir.  to  steal  away].  The  slow  and  unnoticed  es- 
cape of  the  liquor  amnii. 

Amnion  {am' -ne-ori)  [afiviov,  a  young  lamb].  The  in- 
nermost of  the  fetal  membranes ;  it  is  continuous 
with  the  fetal  epidermis  at  the  umbilicus,  forming  a 
complete  sheath  for  the  umbilical  cord  and  a  sac  or 
bag  in  which  the  fetus  is  enclosed.  It  contains  one  or 
two  pints  of  liquor  amnii.  It  is  a  double  non-vascular 
membrane,  the  inner  layer  or  sac  derived  from  the 
epiblast,  the  outer  from  the  mesoblast.  The  cavity  of 
the  inner  folds  is  called  the  true  amnion,  that  of  the 
outer,  the  false.  A.,  Dropsy  of,  excessive  secretion 
of  liquor  amnii. 

Amnionic  (am-ne- on' -ik)  [afiviov,  a  young  lamb].  Re- 
lating to  the  amnion. 

Amniorrhea,  (am-ne-o-re' '-an)  [auvioc,  amniotic  liquor; 
peeiv,   to  How].      The  discharge  of  the  liquor  amnii. 

Amniota  (ain-ne-o' '-tali)  [afiviov,  a  young  lamb].  Ani- 
mals with  an  amnion  and  allantoic,  comprising  mam- 
mals, birds,  and  reptiles.  Those  without  an  amnion 
are  called    .  tnamnia. 

Amniotic  (am-ne-ot'-ik)  [auvov,  a  young  lamb].      Re- 


lating to    the    amnion,  as  the  A.    Fluid.     A.  Fluid. 
Same  as  Liquor  amnii. 
Amniotis   (am-ne-o* '-lis)   [afiviov,  a  young  lamb] 

Amniotitis. 
Amniotitis    [am-ne-o-ti' '-tis)    [afiviov,    a    young    la 
trig,  inflammation].      Inflammation  of  the  amnion. 
Amniotome    (am' '-ne-o-tom)    [afiviov,   a    young   lamb; 
rim//,  a  cut].      An  instrument  for  puncturing  the  fetal 
membranes 
Amnitis  (am  ni'-tis).     Same  as  Amniotitis. 
Amoeba    [am  e/-bah).     See  Ameba. 
Amoeboid  (am-e'-boid).     See  Ameboid. 
Amcebodont    atn-e' '-bo-donf).     See  Amebodont. 
Amoenomania  (am-e-no-ma'-ne-ah).  See  Amenomania. 
Amomum     (am-o'  -muni)     [a/iu/iov,    an    Eastern    spice 
plant].      A   genus  of  scitaminaceous  plants  to  which 
the    cardamom     [A.    cardamomum)    and    Grain-    cl 
Paradise  [A.  ffranum  paradisi)  belong. 

Amorphia     (ah-mor1 '-fe-ah)     [a   priv.;    //■• ,,    form]. 

Shapeless  condition. 
Amorphinism    (ah-mor/-fin-izm)  [a   priv.;    Morpheus, 
the  god  of  sleep].       The  condition  resulting  from  the 
withdrawal   of  morphine   from  one   habituated   to  the 
drug. 
Amorphism   (ah-mor* -fizm)    [a  priv.;    uopfff,  a  form]. 
The  state  or  quality  of  being  amorphous  or  without 
shape ;    specifically,   absence  of   crystallization  ;    want 
of  crystalline  structure. 
Amorphous    (ah-mor' '-fits)    [u   priv.  ;   fioptpi),   a    form]. 
Formless,    shapeless,    non-crystallized.      A.  Quinin. 
quinoidin,  its  salts  being  non-crystallizable. 
Amorphus    [ah-mor' -fits)    [a   priv.  ;  a   form]. 

An  acardiacus  without  head  or  extremities.     See  also 
Anideus.     A.  Globulus.     See  Anideu 
Amotio   (am-o' -she-o)  [L.].      A  detachment.      A.   Re- 
tinae.    See  Ablatio  Retime. 
Ampac    (ain'-pak)     [R.     Indian].     An     Past    Indian 
rutaceous  tree  of  the  genus  Xanthoxylum  or  Ampacus. 
Its   leaves    are    used    in    medicating    baths,    and    its 
odoriferous  resin  is  a  stimulant.      Unof. 
Ampelopsin  (am-pel-of/sin).     See  American  Ivy. 
Ampelopsis  (am-pel-op'-sis).      See  American  fry. 
Ampelotherapy  (am-pel-o-ther'-a-pe)  [  .  a  grape- 

vine ;   Oepairiveiv,  to  heal].      The  Grape-cure,  ij.  v. 
Amperage  (om'-pdr-ahj)   [Fr.].      The  number  of  am- 
peres passing  in  a  given  circuit. 
Ampere  (om-par/)  [a  French  physicist].      S  trical 

Units.      A.'s  Laws  relate  to  the  forces  between  con- 
ductors   carrying  electric  currents  >'s  law, 
that   equal  volumes  of  a  gas   when  under   the   same 
conditions  contain  the  same  number  of  molecules,  i- 
also  called  Ampere"s  Law.      In  honor  of  Ampere,  the 
unit  of  measurement  of  an  electric  current  is  called  an 
Ampere. 
Amperemeter    (am'-par-ine-ter)    [Ampere;    yirpov,  to 
measure].      An  instrument  for  estimating  the  current 
of  an  electric  circuit  in  amperes. 
Ampere's  Law.     See  La 
Amphanthium   (amf-an' '-the-um)  [afitpi,  about ;    d 

a  flower].      See  Clinanthium. 
Amphemerina  (am-fe-mer' '-in-ah)  [auoijutpnnc,  daily]. 

A  hectic  or  intermittent  fever  that  recur-  daily. 
Amphi-  (am'-fe)    [afupi,  around],      A  prefix   signifying 
■it.  on  both  sides,  around,  etc.,  as  amphiarthn 
amphibia. 
Amphiarthrosis     \um-f.  -ar-thro' -sis)      [<i//o  ,    around; 
';>ov,  a   joint].      A    form   of   mixed    articulation   in 
which    the    surfaces    of  the    bones   are   connected  by 
broad  discs  of  fibro-cartilage.  or  else  they  are  covered 
with   fibro-cartilage   and   connected   by  external   liga- 
ments.     It  is  distinguished  by  limited  flexion  in  every 
direction,  as,  e.g.,  between  the  vertebrae. 


AMI'lll  \n  |  ||< 


70 


AMI'lloKA 


Amphiaster   in  an 
Ovarian  Egg. 


Amphiaster  as-ter    [ 

around ;  "r~', ...  a  star].  In 
biology,  tlit-  figure  formed  in 
1  oth  direct  and  indirect  cell  divi- 
n.  by  the  achromatin  threads 
and  chromatin  granules  united  to 
iu  the  so  called  nuclear  spin- 
dle, together  with   the  thn 

in  radiating  From 
a  rounded  clear  space  at  each 
end  of  the  spindle  known  as 
the  -tars  or  suns. 

Amphibia  unn-fib'-e-ali)  \Jmo  .  both;  Ytoc,  lit.  ]  \ 
class  of  the  Vertebrate,  living  during  their  life  both 
in  the  water  and  upon  the  land,  as  the  frog,  newt,  etc. 

Amphibious  (am-fib'-t  us)  ["/'O',  both;  ,)»«;,  life]. 
I  iving  both  mi  land  and  wa'> 

Amphiblastic   {am-fe-blas/-tik\    [iiuoi ,  on   1  >< >tli   sides; 

.    a   germ].      In   biology,  pertaining   to   that 

form  of  complete  segmentation   that  gives  rise  to  an 

amphiblastula. 

Amphiblastula  [am- 
fe-blas* -tu-laK)  \ap- 
.  .'ii  both  sides; 
dim.  of  fJAaortJi .  a 
germ].  In  biolo- 
gy, the  mulberry  - 
mass  or  moru  la- 
stage  in  the  de- 
velopment of  aholo- 
blastic  egg.  It  fol- 
lows the  stage 
known  as  amphi- 
morula. 

Amphiblestritis(^w- 

I'les-tri'-lis)    \jiu- 

\kqoTpav,   a    net  ; 

i-ir,  inflammation]. 

Inflammation  of  the 

ntina. 

Amphiblestroid  (am-fe-bles'-troid)  [au<p'ifi7.r]nTf>ov,  a 
net;  el&oq,  form].  Net-like.  A.  Membrane,  the 
retina. 

Amphibolia  (am-fe-bo'-le-aJi)  [afityifiokia,  uncertainty]. 
The  vacillating  period  of  a  fever  or  disease. 

Amphibolic  (^w-A/W-/  'oXog,  uncertain].    Un- 

certain ;  doubtful.  A  qualification  applied  by  Wunder- 
lich  toaperiod  in  the  febrile  process  occurring  between 
the  fastigium  and  th<-  defervescence,  and  marked  by 
irregular  exacerbations  and  remissions. 

Amphibranchia    (am-fe-brattg/-&e-aA)    [a/upi,  around; 
a,  the  gills].      The  tonsils,  pharynx,  and  naso- 
pharynx. 

Amphicarpic  (am-fe-kar'-pilS).  Same  as  Atnphicar- 
pou  ■ 

Amphicarpous  [am-fe  kar'-pu  >  \nu<;i .  on  both  sides, 
around;  KapirSc,  fruit].  In  biology,  producing  fruit  of 
two  kinds,  either  as  regards  form  or  season  of  ripening. 

Amphicelous  {am-fe-se'-lus)  [a/ujti,  at  both  ends  ;  mikoc, 
hollow].  In  biology,  biconcave,  as  the  center  of  the 
vertebr  e  of  fish 

Amphicrania  [am-fe-kraf -ne-ah)  [a/ufti,  both;  Kpavlov, 
the  skull],      I  leadache  affecting  both  sides  of  the  head. 

Amphicreatin  {am-fe- kref-at-in)  [«,«<".  around  ;   /> 

i  |,  '  ii:i\Mr  One  "i  the  muscle-leucomafnes. 
It  crystallizes  in  brilliant  oblique  prisms  of  a  yellowish 
white    color.       It     i-  -    and    faintly    basic.       It 

Amphicreatinin    {am-fe  kre-atf -in-in)    (7/ wo/,    around  ; 
esh],  Cj,H10N7O4.      A  member  of  the  creatinin 
group  of  ler.comaines  -aid  to  have  toxic  qualities.      It 
is  derived  from  muscle. 


Amphiblastula. 

a,  Granular  cells  which  will  form  the 
epiblast.  b.  Ciliated  cells  which 
become  invaginated  to  form  the 
hypoblast.     {After  Balfour.) 


Amphid  {amf-fid)  [afiQi.  both].  In  chemistry,  a  name 
given  to  a  salt  of  an  ai  id  containing  oxygen  ;  that  is, 
a  name  given  to  salts  other  than  haloid. 

Amphideum  [am-fid*  t  um)  [aptyidka,  a  ring :  pl.,Am- 
pkided\.      The  margin  or  edge  of  the  os  uteri. 

Amphidiarthrosis  [am-fe-di-ar-thro'  m)  [a/i<pi,  both; 
6idp6pua/(,  articulation].  The  articulation  of  the 
lower  jaw,  a?,  it  partake-  of  the  nature  both  of 
ginglymus  and  arthrodia. 

Amphidisc,  Amphidisk  [am' -fe-disk)  [auoi,  at  both 
ends;  o'ujkoc,  a  round  plate].  In  biology,  a  sponge- 
spicule  consisting  of  an  axil  terminated  by  two  toothed 
disi 

Amphigenous  (am  fij'-m  us)  \hfi$  .  both  ;  ,  voc,  kind]. 
In  biology,  growing  indifferently  on  both  sides,  as 
i  ertain  parasitic  fimi^i . 

Amphigony  [am-fig* '-o-ne)  [apfyi,  on  both  -ides;  y6vory 
offspring].  The  sexual  process  in  its  broadest  sen-.  ; 
gamogenesis. 

Amphimixis  {am-fi-miks* '-is)  [hjityi,  on  both  sides; 
i";ir.  mixing].  In  biology,  the  mingling  of  two 
individuals  or  their  germs;   sexual  reproduction. 

Amphimonerula  (am-fe-mo-ner/-u-lak)  [ifufii,  on  both 
side-;  uovj/pifg,  single].  In  biology,  the  monerula 
or  cytode-stage  of  an  unequally  segmenting,  holo- 
blastic  egg. 

Amphimorula  {am-fe-mor'-u-lak)  \amphi,  on  both 
sides;  morula,  a  mulberry].  In  biology,  the  morula, 
or  globular  mass  of  cleavage  cells  resulting  from 
unequal  segmentation,  the  cells  of  the  hemispheres 
being  unlike  in  size. 

Amphioxus  (am-fe-oks'-us)  [<if«pt,  both  ;  o^i  c,  sharp]. 
A  genus  of  fishes  tapering  at  both  ends,  as  the  Lancelot 

Amphipyrenin  (tim-f,  -pi  re'-nin)  ["'«/»',  around ;  nvp/'/v, 
mass].      The  nuclear  membrane  of  a  cell. 

Amphismela  (am-fls-me* -lah)  [ainpi,  both;  ///,//,,  a 
probe].      A  double-edged  surgical  knife. 

Amphisphalsis  {am-fe-sfalf -sis)  [apQiotydXoac,  a  throw- 
ing or  turning  round].  Circumduction,  as  of  a  limb 
in  reducing  a  luxation. 

Amphistoma  {am-fis1 '-to-mak)  [a/i(j>i,  double;  arbpa, 
mouth].  A  genus  of  trematode  worms,  named  from 
the  mouth-like  apparatus  at  either  end.  One  species, 
A.  kominis,  has  been  found  in  the  large  intestine  of 
man,  in  the  tropical  regions.      See  Parasites,  Table  of. 

Amphistylic  {am-fe-sti' -lik)  [aiupi,  on  both  sides; 
OTv?.or,  a  pillar].  In  biology,  having  styles  or 
supports  on  both  sides,  as  the  mandibular  arches  of 
sharks. 

Amphithect  {amf -fe-thekt)  [''/"•'".  on  both  sides ;  dyicrSi . 
sharpened].  In  biology,  having  unequal  angles  or 
surfaces. 

Amphitoky  {am-fit?  -o-ke)  [«//<;>/,  both  ;  t6koc,  produc- 
ing]. The  production  of  both  male  and  female  forms 
in  parthem  genesis. 

Amphitropous  [am-fiP '-ro-pus)  [_a/i<!>i,  around;  Tpiireiv, 
to  turn],  i.  In  biology,  having  the  funiculus  attached 
to  the  ovule  midwa)  between  the  chalaza  and  micro- 
pyle.     2.   Having  a  C-shaped  embryo. 

Amphodiplopia  {am-fo-dip-l</ -pe-ah)  [titiQu,  both; 
dnr\6oc,  double ;  <■",'',  eye].  Double  vision  affecting 
each  oi  the  i 

Ampho-peptone  (am-fo-pep/-tdn).     See  Peptones. 

Amphophile  (an  both ;  tpiXelv, to  love]. 

Readily  stainable   alike  with  acid  and   basic  dy. 
qualification  applied  t..  certain  histological  and  patho- 
logical element 

^mphophilous  [am-fof '-il-us)  [afitpa,  both;  6i/ur.  to 
love].      Staining  with  either  alkaline  or  a.  id  dyes 

Amphora  {amf-fo-rah)  \j'moi,  on  both  sidi  <.  a 

bearer].      In    biology,   the    lower    portion    of  a    seed 
capsule,  or  pyxidium. 


AMI'lIoRIC 


71 


AMIM    1  .VI  [ON 


Amphoric  {ain-for'-ik)  [amphora,  a  two-handled 
vessel].  Like  the  sound  produced  I >y  blowing  a<  ross 
the  mouth  of  a  bottle.  A.  Breathing,  breath  sounds 
with  an  amphoric  or  musical  quality  heard  in  dis 
eased  conditions  of  the  lung,  as  in  plains  with 
cavity-formation.  A.  Resonance,  in  auscultation,  a 
metallic  sound  like  that  of  blowing  into  a  bottle, 
caused  by  the  reverberation  of  sound  in  a  cavity  of 
the  lung.      A.  Respiration.     See  A.  Breath 

Amphoricity  (am-for-is/-i-te)  [amphora, a  two  handled 
vessel].     The  quality  of  being  amphoric;   th 
forth  of  amphoric  sound-. 

Amphoriloquy  (am  for-W '-o-kwe)  [amphora,  a  bottle; 
loqui,  to  speak].  The  production  of  amphoric  sounds 
in  speaking. 

Amphorophony    (am-for-of -o-ne)    [a  .a   jug; 

<pui'f/,  a  sound].      An  amphoric  resonance  or  sound. 

Amphoteric  {am-fo-ter1 '-ik)  [afupdrepog,  both  of  two]. 
Having  the  power  of  altering  the  color  of  both  red 
and  blue  test  paper,  as  milk.  Neither  acid  nor  alka- 
line ;  applied  to  such  substances  as  glucose,  gums,  etc. 

Amplectant  [am-plek1 -tant)  [amplecti,  embrace].  In 
biology,  embracing;  winding  about,  as  a  tendril  or 
petiole. 

Amplexation  (am-pUhs-a'-shun)  [amplexatio,  an  em- 
brace]. The  treatment  of  a  fractured  clavicle  by  an 
apparatus  that  fixes  the  shoulder  and  covers  a  part  of 
the  chest  and  neck. 

Amplexicaudate  {am-plex-e-hatiZ-dSl)  [amplexatio,  an 
embrace;  cauda,  a  tail].  In  biology,  having  the  en- 
tire tail  included  in  the  interfemoral  membrane. 

Amplexicaul  (am-pleks'-e-kawl}  [amplexus,  embracing; 
caulis,  astern].  In  biology,  clasping  or  embracing  the 
stem,  as  a  leaf. 

Amplexifoliate  (am-pleks-e-fo/-le-dt')  [amplexus,  em- 
bracing; folium,  leaf].  In  biology,  plants,  the 
leaves  of  which  embrace  the  stem. 

Ampliation  (am- ple-a'-shun)  [ampliare,  to  increase]. 
Dilatation  or  distention  of  a  part  or  cavity. 

Amplification  (am-plif-ik-a' -shun)  [amplificare,  to  en- 
large]. I.  Increase  of  the  visual  area,  in  microscopy. 
2.    Enlargement,  as  of  a  diseased  organ. 

Amplifier  (urn' '  -ple-fi-er)  [amplificare,  to  enlarge].  An 
apparatus  sometimes  used  in  microscopy  for  increasing 
the  magnification.  It  consists  of  a  diverging  lens  or 
combination  placed  between  the  objective  and  the 
ocular,  anil  giving  to  the  image-forming  rays  from  the 
objective  an  increased  divergence.  A.,  Tolles's, 
an  accessory  used  in  magnification  and  first  made 
effective  by  a  manufacturer  named  Tolles. 

Amplitude  {am' -pie- tit  J )  [amplitudo,  the  extent  of  a 
thing].  The  range  or  extent,  as  of  vibrations  and 
undulations,  the  pulse,  etc. 

Ampulla  (am-pul'-ah)  [L. ,  A  Roman  wine  jug]. 
The  trumpet-mouthed  or  dilated  extremity  of  a  canal, 
as  of  the  lachrymal  canal,  the  receptaculum  chyli, 
the  Fallopian  tubes,  mammary  duets,  semicircular 
canals,  vas  deferens,  etc.  Chemically,  the  term  denotes 
a  large-bellied  bottle.  A.  of  Bryant,  the  apparent 
distention  of  an  artery  immediately  above  a  ligature, 
due  to  the  contraction  of  the  vessel  above  the  ampulla 
where  it  is  not  completely  filled  with  clot.  A.  Chyli, 
the  receptaculum  chyli.  A.,  Lieberkuhn's.  the  cecal 
terminus  of  one  of  the  lacteals  in  the  villi  of  the  intes- 
tines. A. of  Rectum,  the  portion  above  the  perineal  flex- 
ure. A.  of  Vater,  the  site  of  entrance  of  the  common 
bile-duct  and  pancreatic  duct  into  the  duodenum. 

Ampullula  [am-pul'  -it-lah)  [dim.  of  ampulla,  a  Roman 
wine  jug].  A  small  ampulla,  as  in  the  lymphatic  or 
lacteal  vessels. 

Amputation  (am-pu-ta'-shuri)  [amputare,  to  cut  away]. 
The  removal  of  a  limb  or  part  of    the  body  by  the 


knife,  ligature,  or  other  mean-,,  or  as  a  resull  of  fran- 
grene,  eon-tin  tioi  .  of  the  cord,  in  the  fetus),  or 

the   disease,    ainhum.      lor  special   amputati 
Operation.,   Table  of .    A.,  Accidental,  tie  tion 

of  a  limb  by  some  form  <>i  aci  ident.  A.,  Bloodless, 
in  which  there  is  but  slight  loss  of  blood,  on  ac- 
count of  ill'-  <  irculation  being  i  ontrolled  1>\  mechani 
mean,.  A.,  Central,  one  in  which  the  si  ai  i-  situati  d 
at  or  near  the  center  "I  tin  stump.  A.,  Circular, 
that  performed  by  making  a  single  flap,  by  circulat 
-weep-  '.i  a  long  knife,  through  skin  and  muscles,  in 
a  direction  vertical  to  the  plane  ,.|  the  limb.  A..  Cir- 
cular Skin  Flap,  a  modification  of  the  circular,  in 
which  the  skin  flap  i-  dissected  up,  and  the-  muscles 
divided  at  a  higher  level.  A.,  Coat-sleeve,  a  modi 
fication  of  the  circular,  in  which  the  cutaneous  flap  is 
made-  very  long,  the  end  being  closed  by  being  gath- 
ered together  by  means  of  a  tape.  A..  Congenital, 
amputation  of  fetal  portions  due  to  constriction  by 
amniotic  hand-  of  lymph.  A.  in  the  Contiguity, 
amputation  at  a  joint.  A.  in  the  Continuity,  ampu- 
tation of  a  limb  elsewhere  than  at  a  joint.  A.,  Con- 
secutive, an  amputation  during  the  period  of  suppura- 
tion or  later.  A.,  Cutaneous,  one  in  which  the  flaps 
are  composed  exclusively  of  the  integuments.  A., 
Diclastic,  one  in  which  the  bone  is  broken  with  an 
osteoclast,  and  the  -oft  tissues  divided  by  means  of  an 
ecraseur.  Its  object  is  to  avoid  hemorrhage  and  puru- 
lent infection.  A.,  Double  Flap,  one  in  which  two 
flap-  are  formed  from  the  -oft  tissues.  A.,  Dry.  See 
A.,  Bloodless.  A.,  Eccentric,  one  in  which  the  scar 
is  situated  away  from  the  center  of  the  stump.  A., 
Elliptical,  one  that  may  be  performed  by  a  single 
sweep,  as  in  the  circularmethod  ;  the  wound,  however, 
having  an  elliptical  outline,  on  account  of  the  oblique 
direction  of  the  incision.  A.  of  Expediency,  one 
performed  for  cosmetic  effect.  A.,  Flap,  one  in  which 
one  or  more  flaps  are  made  from  the  soft  tissues,  the 
division  being  made  obliquely.  A.,  Flapless,  one  in 
which,  on  account  of  destruction  of  the  soft  parts, 
flaps  cannot  be  formed,  the  wound  healing  by  granu- 
lation. A.,  Galvano-caustic,  one  in  which  the  soft 
parts  are  divided  with  the  galvano-cautery,  followed 
by  division  of  the  bone  by  the  saw.  A..  Immediate, 
one  done  within  twelve  hour-  after  the  injury,  during 
the  period  of  shock.  A.,  Intermediary  or  Inter- 
mediate, one  performed  during  the  period  of  reaction. 
and  before  suppuration.  A.,  Intrauterine.  See./., 
Congenital.  A.,  Major,  amputation  of  the  extremi- 
ties above  the  wrist  or  ankle  joints.  A.,  Mediate. 
See  A..  Intermediary.  A.,  Minor, amputation  of  the 
extremities  below  the  wrist  or  ankle  joints.  A., 
Mixed,  a  combination  of  the  circular  and  flap  method-. 
A.,  Multiple,  amputation  of  two  or  more  members 
at  the  same  time.  A.,  Musculo-cutaneous,  one  in 
which  the  flaps  consist  of -kin  and  muscle.  A.,  Mus- 
culo-tegumentary.  See  ./..  Musculo-cutam  us. 
A.,  Natural.  See  A.,  Congenital.  A.,  Oblique. 
See  .-/.,  Oval.  A.,  Osteoplastic,  one  in  which  t1 
i-  section  and  apposition  of  portions  of  bone,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  amputation.  A.,  Oval,  a  modification  of 
the  elliptical,  in  which  the  incision  consists  of  two 
reversed  spirals,  instead  of  the  one  oblique.  A.,  Par- 
tial, i.  One  in  which  but  a  portion  of  the  extremity 
isremoved.     2.  An  ii  te  congenital  amputation. 

A.,  Pathological,  one  done  for  tumor  or  other  diseased 
condition.  A.,  Primary,  one  done  after  the  period 
of  shock  and  before  the  occurrence  of  inflammation. 
A.,  Racket,  a  variety  "(  the  oval  amputation,  in  which 
there  is  a  single  longitudinal  incision  continuous  below 
with  a  spiral  incision  on  either  side  of  the  limb.  A.. 
Secondary,  one  performed  during  the  period  of   sup- 


AMPUTA 11  RA 


AM  \  I  I  m,i  Mi 


paration.      A.,   Spontaneous.     See   -/..  vital. 

Also  occurs  in  the  disease,  . unburn.  A.,  Subperios- 
teal, one  in  tlu-  continuity,  the  cut  end  of  the  hone 
being  covered  bj  periosteal  flaps.  A.,  Surgical.  .1 
formal  amputation  i>.  distinction  toaccidental  or 

congenital  A.     A.,  Synchronous.     See  ./..  .'. 
A.    by   Transfixion,  one    done  by  thrusting  a  long 
knife  completely  through  a  limb,  and  cutting  the  flaps 
from  within  out.     A.,   Traumatic,  one  performed  on 
account  of  injury. 

Amputatura  'at-u'-raJt)  [L.j  pi,,  Amputatura~\. 

An  amputation;    loss  of  a  member. 

Amuck  [Malay].       In  a   state  of   murderous 

.   in   Oriental  regions   persons,  mostly  hashish 

eaters,  often  attack  and    kill   those  whom   they   meet 

while  in  a  state  of  wild  fury.      In  some  cases  tlu-  infuri- 

!  persons  take  this  method   of  seeking  death,  tor 

the-  it  down  at  sight. 

Amusia    ah  mu'-se-ah)  [n   priv.  ;   mu  .  muse]. 

Pathological  loss  or  subnormal  ability  to  produce   or 
comprehend  music  or  musical  sounds,  an  abnormality 
as  regards  music  analogous  to  aphasia  as  regards  the 
faculty  of  speech.     Motor  A.,  the  music  is  understi 
but  there  i-  the  power  of  singing  or  of  othi  i 

wise  reproducing  music.      Paramusia,  faulty  and  im- 
perfect reproduction  of  music.      Sensory  A.,  mu 
deafness,  or  the  loss  of  the  power  of  comprehension 
of    musical     sounds.       See     also    Alexia,    Musical; 
\phia,  M  ind  Amimia,  Musical. 

Amussat's  Operations.      See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Amyelencephalia   [ah-mi-el-en      >  a'-le-afi)    [d    priv.  ; 
■<n\  marrow;  .  the  head].     Congenital  ab- 

sence of  both  brain  and  spinal  cord. 

Amyelencephalus  [ah-mi-el-en-sef'-al-us)  [d  priv.  ; 
urt'/ni  ,  marrow  ;  huxi/ r] ,  the  head].  A  fetal  monster 
having  neither  brain  nor  spinal  cord. 

Amyelia  [ah-mi-e1 '-le-ah)  [d  priv.;  iin'/or,  marrow]. 
The  congenital  absence  of  the  spinal  cord. 

Amyelinic    ah-mi-el-in' -ik)  [d  priv.  ;   uvi/ne,  marrow], 
Having   no  myelin;    applied   to  certain  nerve    fib 
especially  those  seen  in  neuromata. 

Amyelonervia  [ah-mi-el-o-nerf  -ve-aK).  See  Amyeloneu- 
via. 

Amyeloneuria    [ah ini-cl-o-nu'-re-ali)  [d  priv.  ;  in. 
marrow;  .  a  nerve].      Paresis  of  the  spinal  cord. 

Amyelotrophy  [ah-mi-el-ot1 '-ro-fe\  [d  priv.;  uveK6g, 
marrow;  -<•,  nourishment].  Atrophyof  thespinal 
cord. 

Amyelus  [ah-mi' -el-us)  [d  priv.  ;    uveX6c,  marrow].     A 
fetal  monstrosity  with  partial  or  complete  absem 
the  spinal  cord. 

Amyencephalus  (ah-ini-en-sef'-alits).       See  Amyelen- 

Amygdala  [am-ig/-dal-ah)  [I  .  Amygdala?],      i. 

Almond.  The  seeds  of  I'nout^  Amygdalus,  var. 
amara  and  dulcis,  containing  tin-  principle  Emulsin 
or  .  The  former  contains  Amygdalin.      The 

d  oil  of  the  sweet  almond  is  a  demulcent 
ful  in  skin- affections;  in  doses  of  .^j-ij  ii  is  a  mild 
laxative.  The  oil  of  .  I.  amara  is  used  in  cosmetics.  2. 
The  tonsil.  A.  amarae,  Aq.,  a  i  :  looo  solution 
the  oil  in  wat<r  Dose  indefinite.  A.  amarae, 
Ol.,  a  volatile  oil,  bitter  to  the  taste.  <  ontains  3-14 
per  cent,  of   lr.  acid.      Dose  ttl '4  — j .      A. 

amarae,  Spt.,  oil  of  hitter  almond    I,  alcohol  So,  dis- 
A.,  Emulsum,  oil  of  swe<  1  almonds 
6  per  cent.,  sugar,  water,  and  acacia  q.  s.      Dose  X\- 

-.  ss      A.  expressum,  Ol.,  oil  of  sweet  aim Is.    A., 

Pulv.,   Comp.    i  I)     P  1.  contains  sweet  almonds,   re- 
fined sugar,  and  gum  acacia.     I  Ised  to  make    /. .  Emul- 
<»:.     A.,  Syr.,  almond  14,  bitter  almond    \. 

sugar  20,  orange  flow. -i    •  1  rup  q    - 


Amygdalae  [am-ig* -dal-e)  [I..,//.].      Hie  tonsils. 

Amygdalin  [am-ig '-dal-in)    \An  1 1  .._>." i  > , , - 

-f-  U  1 ,«  »  A  substance  that  occurs  in  bitter  almonds, 
and  in  various  plants,  as  well  a>  in  the  leaves  of  the 
cherry  laurel.  It  forms  white,  shining  leaflets,  ol  a 
hitter  taste,  readily  soluble  in  water  and  hot  alcohol. 

Amygdaline  (.,"  in)   \auvy6aX.i],  almond].      I. 

Almond  like.  2.  The  fissure  ectad  of,  01  collocated 
with  the  amygdaloid  tubercle.     See  Fissure. 

Amygdalitis  [am-ig-dal-i' -tis)  [a/ivydd^,  almond ;  trtc, 
inflammation]      Tonsillitis. 

Amygdaloid  [am-ig  '-dal-aid)  [«'"';  6&fai,  almond  ; 
form],  bike  a  tonsil,  or  almond.  A.  Fossa,  the 
depression  lor  the  lodgment  of  the  tonsil.  A.  Tu- 
bercle, a  projection  of  gray  or  cortical  matter  at  the 
end  of  the  descending  cornu  of  the  lateral  ventricle 
<»f  th<-  brain.  It  is  attached  to  tin  temporal  lobe,  ami 
appears  to  be  ne  irlj  isolated  by  white  substance. 

Amygdalolith  [am-ig-dal' -o-litK)  [aftvrydafai,  an  al- 
mond; ''in,.  a  stone],  A  concretion  <>r  calculus 
found  in  the  tonsils. 

Amygdaloncus  [am-ig-dal-ong* '-kus)  [a/ivytidfaf,  al- 
mond; bynoc,  amass].  Any  tumor  or  swelling  of  the 
tonsil. 

Amygdalopathy    [am-ig-dal-opf -a-the)    [afivyddfaj,    an 
almond;   iraBog,  a  disease].     Any -disease  of  the  ton 
sils. 

Amygdalotome  [am-ig1 '-dal-o-tdm)  [afivySdXij,  an  al- 
mond ;  TEfiveiv,  to  cut].  An  instrument  used  in  cut- 
ting the  tonsils. 

Amygdalotomy  [am-ig-dal- of '-o-me)   [a/ivydaXt/,  a  ton- 
sil;  riiweiv,  to  cut].       Tonsillotomy;   partial   or  com 
plete  abscission  of  a  tonsil. 

Amykos  [ah-mi'-kos)  [d  priv,  ;  i/wcoc,  a  fungus].  An 
antiseptic  fluid  composed  of  boric  acid,  glycerin  and 
infusion  of  cloves.  Of  reputed  service  in  gonorrhea, 
dental  caries,  and  catarrhs.      Unof. 

Amyl  (ai/i'-il)  [afivTuov,  tine  starch].  The  hypothetii  al 
radical  '',11,,  of  amyl  alcohol,  the  fifth  term  of  the 
series  of  alcohol  radicals,  CnH,n  +  1.  A.  Alcohol. 
•  Amylic  Alcohol.  A.  Hydrate.  See  Amylic 
Alcohol.  A.  Nitrite,  nitrite  of  amyl,  ( ',1IUN<  >.„  a 
clear,  yellowish  liquid,  ethereal,  aromatic,  volatile  ;  pro 
duces  vascular  dilatation  and  great  cardiac  activity, 
and  hence  is  useful  in  angina  pectoris,  respiratory  neu- 
roses, etc.  Dose,  internally,  n"L  '+ -j  dissolved  in  a 
hoi  ;  by  inhalation,  ttl  ij-v.  A.  Valerianate.  See 
Apple  Oil. 

Amylaceous  [am-il-a' '-se-us)   [amylum,  starch],      <  on 
taming  starch  ;    starch-like.      See  Corpora  amyla, 

Amylene     (am' -il -en)     [iniv'/ar,    starch],     <  -p  1 1 ,,,-       A 

transparent,    liquid     hydrocarbon,    having    anesthetii 

properties,  but  dangerous  to  use.       See  Anesthetic.     A. 

Hydrate,   ('  II,,<  »,  a  tertiary  alcohol   having  hypnotic 

1  Is,  and    antagonistic   to   strychnin.       llosetTLXXX- 

gj.      Unof. 

Amylic    [am-il'  ik)    {afivXov,    starch]       Pertaining    to 
\in\l.     A.  Alcohol,   Fusel  Oil,   Potato  Starch  A 
hoi,  Amyl   Hydrate.      An  alcohol  having  the  compo- 
sition C5H,20,  occurring  in  the  continued  distillation 
of  fermented  grain       I  1m    pure  substance  has  consid 
ible  value  as  a  hypnotic,      In    large    doses  it  sup 
presses  tactile  sensibilitj    and  produces  motor  paraly- 
sis.    It  is  employed  with  advantage  in  mental  disorders. 
Ii     was    formerly  much   used    to    adulterate   whisky. 
I  lose  n\  15-75.      I  nof. 

Amylo-dextrin     [am  'trin).       Same    as     Ery- 

thro  dextrin.      See  Soluble  Starch. 

Amylogen   [am-il' '-o-j'en)    [aftvXov,  starch;    yevtjg,   pro 
ce],      Soluble  starch. 

Amylogenic    [am-il- o-j'en' '-ik)    \hnvXn»,   starch; 
produce],      March  producing, 


AMYI.nll) 


7:5 


ANACR<  (ASIA 


Amyloid    [am' '-il-oid)    [a/ivtov,    starch;     eldoq,    farm]. 
Starch-like.       A.    Bodies,    pathological   products    re 
sembling  starch  grains  found  in  the  membranes  ol  the 
brain  and  other  nervous  tissues,  the  prostate,  et<  .     A. 
Degeneration,    waxy,  fatty,  or  lardaceous  degenera 
tion  ;  a  disease  occurring  in  most  of  the  organs  ol  the 
body,  ami  indicative  of  impaired  nutritive  function.    It 
is  a  nitrogenous,  not  starchy  body,  of  uncertain  compo 
sition.      For  staining  see  lodin,  Methyl   I  iolet,  Safra- 
ii/ii,  Rose  Bengale,  in    Table  of  Slain*.     A.  Kidney. 
See  Bright? 's  Disease. 

Amylolysis     (am-il-ol'-is-is)     [dfivkov,    starch  ; 
solution].     The  digestion  of  starch,  or  its  conversion 
into  sugar. 

Amylolytic  (am-il-o-lif -ik)   [hpvkov,  starch;    "kvotic,  so 
lutionl.      Pertaining    to    or    effecting  the  digestion  of 
starch.      Pertaining    to    ferments,   like  the  >aliva  and 
pancreatic  juice,  that  convert  starch  into  sugar. 

Amylometer  [am-il-om' '-et-er)  [d//t//W,  starch ;  ukrpov, 
a  measure].  An  apparatus  for  estimating  the  amount 
of  starch  in  a  solution. 

Amyloplast  (am' ' -il-o-plasi)  [dfivXov,  starch;  ~'/nnaetv, 
to  form].  A  leucoplast ;  a  starch-forming  protoplasmic 
granule. 

Amylopsin  [am-U-op* '-sin)  [auv/.ov,  starch ;  oi/vc,  ap- 
pearance], A  ferment  said  to  exist  in  pancreatin.  See 
ferments. 

Amylose  (am'-U-os)  [dfivXov,  starch].  Any  one  of 
a  certain  group  of  the  carbohydrates,  comprising  starch, 
glycogen,  dextrin,  inulin,  gum,  cellulose,  and  tunicin. 

Amylum  [am'-il-um)  [L. ,  gen.  Amyli~\,  C6HM05. 
Starch.  The  internal  cells  of  Triticum  vulgaris, 
common  wheat,  all  other  cereals,  and  many  tubers, 
piths,  and  roots,  such  as  potato,  cassava,  etc.;  it  con- 
stitutes nearly  the  whole  of  arrow-root,  tapioca,  and 
sago.  It  is  converted  into  glucose  by  boiling  with 
mineral  acids.  It  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  nutrients 
known,  but  inert  medicinally.  A.  glyceritum,  a  jelly 
for  external  application.  Starch  io,  water  io,  glycerin 
80.  A.,  Mucilago  (B.  P.),  used  in  making  enemata. 
A.  iodatum,  contains  starch  95,  iodin  5  Per  cent., 
triturated  with  distilled  water  and  dried.  Dose  3  j- 
%  ss.    See  Table  of  Carbohydrates  under  Carbohydrate. 

Amyocardia  [am-i-o-kar' ' -de-ali)  [d  priv.  ;  itvr,  muscle  ; 
■napAia,  the  heart].  Lack  of  muscular  power  in  the 
heart's  contractions. 

Amyosthenia  [am-i-o-sthe' ' -ne-ah)  [a  priv.  ;  ititr,  mus- 
cle;  ot)i voc,  force].  Deficient  muscular  power  with- 
out obvious  disease  or  lesion. 

Amyosthenic  [am-i-o-sthen'-ik)  [d  priv.  ;  uvg,  muscle; 
od&vog,  force].  Pertaining  to  amyosthenia.  Also,  a 
medicine  or  agent  depressing  muscular  action. 

Amyotrophia  [am-i-o-tro' -fe-ah)  [d  priv.  ;  fivg, muscle; 
Tpo(j>i/,  nouri>hment].      Atrophy  of  a  muscle. 

Amyotrophic  yam-i-o-trof'-ik)  [i  priv.;  uvc,  muscle; 
r/)o<j>/),  nourishment].  Dependent  on  or  relating  to 
muscular  atrophy.  A.  Paralysis,  that  which  is  due 
to  muscular  atrophy. 

Amyotrophy  [am-i-of-ro-fe).     See  Amyotrophia. 

Amyous  [am'-i-us~\  [a  priv.;  uvq,  muscle].  Weak; 
deficient  in  muscle  or  muscular  strength. 

Amyrin  [am'-e-rin)  [amyris~\,  C^H^O.  A  resinous 
principle  derived  from  Mexican  Elemi.  Amyris  ele- 
mifera,  L. 

Amyris  [am'-e-ris)  [I..].  A  genus  of  tropical  trees 
and  shrubs  producing  fragrant  resins  and  gums,  such 
as  Elemi,  etc. 

Amyxia  [ah-miks' -e-ah)  [a priv.  ;  ///^a,  mucous].  De- 
ficiency in  the  normal  secretion  of  mucus. 

Ana  [an'-ah)  [avd,  so  much  each].  A  Greek  preposi- 
tion signifying  through,  up,  again,  etc.  In  prescrip- 
tions contracted  to  da,  meaning  of  each. 


Anabamous     [an-ab' -am-us)     [avd,    upward;     Qdveiv, 
to  go").      In    biology,  climbing,  as  certain  fishes       lu,i 
bos  "  and  >is). 

Anabasis  [an-ab'-a    is)   [ava  [o  up].      The 

increasing  stage  of  a  fever  or  other  acute  di 
ding  the  climax. 

Anabatic  [an-ab-af '-ik)  [dvafiaTtxde,  ascending].  In- 
creasing;  growing  more  intense;  as  the  anabatic 
Stage  of  a  fever. 

Anabiosis   [an-ab-i-o' -sis)   [•  .   to    come  to  life 

again].  The  phenomenon  of  a  restoration  of  vitality 
possessed  by  certain  organisms  after  apparent  death, 
or  even  alter  heating  to  140    I 

Anabiotic  [an-ab-i-of -ik)  [avafiideiv,  to  come  to  life 
again],  1.  Relating  to  anabiosis.  2.  Restoring  the 
strength  or  activity. 

Anabole  [an-ab' -o-le)  [dva0dXXeiv,  to  throw  up],  A 
throwing  up;  what  i>  thrown  up;  vomit;  vomiting; 
expectoration  ;   regurgitation. 

Anabolergy  [an-ab-ol*  [ava  IdX'/ieiv,  to  throw  up; 

ipyov,  work].  The  force  expended  or  work  per- 
formed in  anabolism,  or  in  anabolii   processes. 

Anabolic  [an-ab-ol' '-ik)  [iud-in/'/ni,  to  throw  or  build 
up].       Pertaining  to  or  characterized  by  anabolism. 

Anabolin  (an-ab' -o-lin)  [ava  IdXkeiv,  to  throw  or  build 
up].  Any  substance  formed  during  the  anabolic 
process. 

Anabolism    (an-ab' -o-lizm)    [ava/3dXXeiv,   to   throw 
build    up].      Synthetic    or    constructive    metabolism. 
Activity   and  repair  of   function.      Opposed    to   Cata- 
bolism.       The  process  by  which  simpler  elements  are 
built  up  into  more  complex.      See  Metabolism. 

Anabrosis  [an-ab-ro' -sis)  [dvd/3poxrt£,  an  eating  up]. 
Corrosion,  or  superficial  ulceration. 

Anabrotic  [an-ab-rot'-ik)  [avdfipuavc,  an  eating  up]. 
Pertaining  to  anabrosis  ;   corrosive. 

Anacamptic    (an-ak-amp' -tik)    [hvaxawitTtiv ,  to    bend 
back].      Reflected,  as  sound  or  light;    pertaining 
or  causing  a  reflection. 

Anacanthous  (an-ak-an' '-thus)  [dvdtcavdog,  spineless]. 
Without  spines. 

Anacardium  [an-ak-ar'-de-um)  [avd,  up;  sapfiia,  the 
heart,  from  its  heart-shaped  seeds].  1.  A  genus 
of  tropical  trees.  A.  occidental  yields  cashew 
gum  and  the  cashew  nut.  2.  The  oil  of  the  pericarp 
of  the  cashew  nut,  known  as  cardol,  and  used  as  an 
escharotic.  Of  reputed  value  in  leprosy.  A  Tinct., 
I  to  10  of  rectified  spirit.  Dose.  rrCij-x.  A.  Ung., 
one  part  of  the  tar  to  eight  of  lard  or  vaselin. 
Used  as  a  blistering  ointment. 

Anacatadidymous  [an-ak-at-ad-id' -im-us)  [avd,  up; 
Kara,  down  ;  Sidvpoc,  a  twin].  Divided  above  and 
below,  but  jointed  centrally  into  one;  said  of  certain 
twin  monsters. 

Anacatadidymus  {an-ak-at-ad-id' -im-us)  [urn,  up; 
icard,  down;  and  SiSvuoc,  a  twin].  An  anacatadidy- 
mous mi  instrosity. 

Anacatharsis    [an-ak-ath-arf -sis)    [avd,  up;    ftdftx/ 
purgation].      Expectoration ;    vomiting. 

Anacathartic   [an-ak-ath-ar' -tik)    [avd,  up  ; 
purgation].     Causing  anacatharsis. 

Anaclasis  [an-ak' -las-is)  [dvoKkaaig ,  a  breaking  off,  or 
back].  I.  Reflection  or  refraction  of  light  or  sound. 
2.    A  fracture;   forcible  flexion  of  a  stiff  joint. 

Anaclastic  [an-ak-las/ -tik)  [avdxAaaiq,  a  breaking  off, 
or  back].      Pertaining  to  refraction,  or  to  anaclasC 

Anaclisis  [an-ak' -lis-is)  [avdieXiaig,  a  reclining].  Decu- 
bitus ;    the  reclining  attitude. 

Anacroasia  [an-ak-ro-a' -ze-ah )[dv  priv.;  d  "    .hear- 

ing]. Inability  to  understand  words  that  are  heard, 
while  the  same  words  if  read  by  the  patient  are  under- 
stood. 


ANACRi  »TIC 


ANALOG!  i: 


Anai  r<  i  i  ic  K.\i>i  u    Pi 

I  KAi    IN'  .s 

a,  a,  the  anac  rotic  pai  ts. 


Anacrotic  {att-ah-rvt/-ih)  [av  priv.  ;  OKp6aai>  .hearing]. 

Relating  to  or  characterized  b)  anacrotism. 
Anacrotism      n  ,  to  lift  up  and 

strike    together].      A 
culiarit  y  of  the 

pulse  i'ur\  e,    whi 

series  of  closely  | 

elastic  vibrations  i  k  cur 

in  the  upper  part  of  the 

line  of  ascent,  »>  that 

the  apex  appears  den- 

tate  and  forms  an  angle 

with  tin-    line  of  de- 
scent.     It  takes  place 

in    dilatation   and  lis 

pertrophy  of  the  left  ventricle,  when  extensibility  of  the 

arterial  wall   is  diminished,  in  great  diminution  in  the 

velocity  of  the  blood  stream,  alter  ligature  of  an  artery, 

Anacusia  [an-ak-u' '-se-ah)  [av  priv.  ;  anoretv,  to  hear]. 
Complete  deafness;  abolition  of  the  sense  of  hearing. 

Anadenia  {an-ad-ef -ne-ah)  [dv  priv.;  adijv,  gland].  In- 
sufficiency of  glandular  function.  Chronic  want  of 
gastric  secretion. 

Anadicrotic     {an-ah-di-krotf -ik)     [urn,  upward; 

twice  ;    kjiutim  ,  a    stroke].      Characterized    by  anadi- 
crotism. 

Anadicrotism  {an-ah-di' '-krot-izm)  [dvd,  upward;  <'  /, 
twice  ;  !■  -  .  a  stroke].  l)icrotism  of  the  pulse- 
wave  occurring  in  the  upward  stroke. 

Anadidymous  {an-ad-id'-im-u  \  [avd,  up;  (ViV^/i/i.  a 
twin],  (left  upward  into  two,  while  single  below — 
said  of  certain  joined  twins. 

Anadidymus    [an-ad-id' -im-us)    [dvd,   up;    didv/u 
twin].      An  anadidymous  monster. 

Anadiplosis  {lan-ah-dip-lof -sis)  [arn,up,back  ;  6iic7u& 
louble].     The  reduplication  or  redoubling  of  a  fr 
paroxysm. 

Anadiplotic  {an-ah-dip-lot'-ik)  [dvd,  up;  6iir?.6eiv,  to 
double].      Characterized  by  anadiplosis. 

Anadipsia  {an-ah-dipt '-se-ah)  [avd,  intensive;  Htjmi, 
thirst].      Intense  thirst. 

Anadipsic     {an-ah-dip '-sik)     [dvd,    intensive;     d 
thirst].      Causing  or  relating  to  great  thirst. 

Anadosis  [an-ad* -o-sis)  [avddocwc, distributing].  Vomit- 
ing; upward  determination  of  blood. 

Anadrom  {an-ad'-rom)  [dvd,  up;  Spa/ieiv, to  run].  In 
biology,  a  tish  that  ascends  rivers  to  spawn. 

Anadromous  {an-adr-ro-mus)  [avadpo/iog,  running  up]. 
Ascending;   moving  upward.     Said  of  pains,  etc. 

Anaematopoiesis  {an-e-mat-o-poi-e/-sis).  See  Ane- 
amatopoiesis. 

Anaematosis  {an-e-mat-o/-sis).     See  Anematosis. 

Anaemia  [an-e'-me-ah        Si       tnemia. 

Anaemotrophy  {an-e-mofl '-ro  fe).      See  Anemo trophy. 

Anaerobia  -  r«  </-be-ah)  [dv  priv. ;   d^p,  air; 

life].      Microorganisms   having   the   power  of  living 
without  either  air  or  free  oxygen.    A. ,  Facultative,  ap- 
plied to  organisms  normally  or  usually  living  in  the 
of  oxygen,  but  under  certain  circumstances 
-ming  anaerobic. 

Anaerobic  {an-a-e  r</-d/i§)[dvpriv.  ;  nfyp,  air;  j3/oc,  life], 
A  term  used  of  microorganisms,  that  live  in  the  ab- 
e  of  frei  I    obic. 

Anaerobiosis   {an-a  '  [dv  priv.;   afip,  air; 

,  life].      Life  sustained  in  ti>'-  absence  of  free  oxy- 
gen ;     the    power  of   living    where  there    is    no 
gen. 

Anaerobiotic  {an  '  i-a/'-ik).     Same  as  Anaerobi- 

Anaerobious  (an  >?■■  fpriv.;  d«7p,air; 

life].      In    biology,  capable    of   existing  without  free 


oxygen  by  a  power  of   obtaining  oxygen  from  organic 
substani 
Anaerophyte  {an  ,:'  .   ro-flt)  [  di  priv.;   dc/p,  air;  ■  ■ 
a  plant].       In  biology,  a  plant  Capable   of   living  with 

out  a  direct  supply  of  oxygen. 

Anaeroplastic     \an-a-er-o-plas  ' -tik)   [dv.,   priv.  ;    i 
air;   lr'AAaaeiv,  to  shape].      Pertaining  to  anaeroplasty. 

Anaeroplasty  {an-a' '-er-o-plai  '  |  [dv  priv.;  afip,  air; 
-'/itnnnr,  to  shape].  The  treatment  of  wounds  bj  im- 
mersion in  warm  water,  so  as  to  exclude  the  air. 

Anaesthesia  {an-es-the* -ze-ah        S      Anesthesia, 

Anaesthetic  {an-es-thetf-ik).     See  Anesthetic. 

Anaetiological  {an-e-te-o-lof-ik-al).      See  .  \netiologieal. 

Anagallis  {an-ag-aV -is)  [L.].  A  genus  ol  plants.  A. 
Arvensis,  Pimpernel.  An  herb  having  some  local 
reputation  as  a  remedy  for   rheumatism    and   as   a  pre 

ventive  of  hydrophobia.     Dose  of  the  fluid  extract  3  j. 

Anagennesis  [an-aj-en-ef-sis\  [avaytwriotg,  regenera 
tion].      Reparation  or  reproduction  of  tissues. 

Anagnostakis's  Operation.     See  OperatL  >is.  Tabic  of. 

Anagraph  {an'-a-graf)  [avaypatyi},  a  writing  out].  A 
physician's  prescription  or  recipe. 

Anagyrin  {an-aj-i' '-rin)  [Anagyris,  from  ovd,  back- 
ward; y\  .  a  circle],  Cj4H18N20j.  An  alkaloid 
from  tli'-  seeds  of  Anagyris  fcetida,  I..,  a  leguminous 
shrub  of  Southern  Europe.  Its  hydrochlorate  is  poi 
sonous,  slowing  the  respiration,  and  interfering  with 
the  heart's  action.       I  not. 

Anakroasia  {an-ak-ro-a'  -ze-ah).     See  Anacroasia. 

Anakusis  [an-ak-u1 ' -sis).     See  Anacu 

Anal  (a'-nal)  [amis,  the  fundament].  Pertaining  to 
the  anus. 

Analepsia  [an-al-ep' -se-ah).      See  Anahpsis. 

Analepsis  (an-al-ep'  ■  1  1 1  11 ■•V/t/ipir,  a  taking  up. ]  Re- 
covery of  strength  after  disease. 

Analepsy  (an'-al-ep-se).      See  Analepsis. 

Analeptic  (an-al-ep  f -tik)  [lira/ //-t/kuc,  restorative].  1. 
Restorative.  2.  Any  agent  restoring  strength  after  ill- 
ness, as  nourishing  foods  and  tonics. 

Analgen  (an-al'-jen)  [av  priv.  ;  d^yoc,  pain],  < '.,,p H , , 
N204.  A  white,  tasteless,  crystalline  powder,  almost 
insoluble  in  water,  soluble  with  difficulty  in  1 
alcohol,  but  more  readily  in  hot  alcohol  and  dilute 
acids.  It  melts  at  406. 40  F.  It  is  employed  as  an 
analgesic,  antineuralgic,  and  antipyretic,  in  doses  of 
from  seven  and  a  half  to  thirty  grains.      Unof. 

Analgesia  (an-al-je/ -ze-ah)  [d  priv.  ;  a/;<»  ,  pain].  In- 
sensibility to  or  absence  of  pain. 

Analgesic  (an-al-je' -sik)   [dv  priv.  ;    h\yoc,  pain].      I. 
Anodyne;  relieving  pain.    2.   Affected  with  analgesia 
3.  A  remedy  that  relieves  pain  either  by  depressant 
ion  on  the  nerve  centers  or  by  impairing  the  con- 
ductivity of  nerve  libers. 

Analgesin  [an-al-je* '-sin).     See  Antipyrin. 

Analgia  (an-aV-je-ah)  [av  priv.;  «>; <»•,  pain].  Paral- 
ysis of  the  sense  of  pain  ;   absence  of  pain. 

Analgic  (an-al'-jik)  [av  priv.;   <;>,<».  pain].     Anal. 

Analogism     (an-al' -o-jism)     [avd^oyioftog,   reasoning; 
.through;    ?.6yog,  ratio].      Diagnosis  by   analogy 
or  by  reasoning. 

Analogous  (an-al' -o-gus)[avafoyog,  conformable].  Con- 
forming to,  pro]  '■ ',  answering  to.  See,  also. 
Analogue.  A.  Tissues,  morbid  tissues  similar  to 
the  elementary  and  normal  tissues  of  the  body. 

Analogue  (an'-al-og  \  [dw  -unable].      Apart 

or  organ  having  the  same  function  as  another,  but 
with  a  differeni  e  of  structure.  The  correlative  ti  rm, 
homologu  .  ■  identity  of   structure  with    differ- 

ence of  function.  The  wing  of  the  butterflyand  that 
of  the  bird  are  analogous,  but  the  wing  of  a  bird 
and  the  arm  of  a  man  are  homologous.  A.,  Non- 
homologous, are    parts     that    have    a    similarity  of 


\\  \1  VMS 


75 


ANAPNE(  (METER 


function    without    any    similarity  a-,   to    relative  posi 
tion,  e.g.,  the  legs  "I  a  lizard  and  those  oi  a  lobster. 
A.,  Homologous,   is  used  oi   parts  that  are  similar 
both   as   to   function   and   relative   position,  e.g  ,  the 
wings  of  a  bat  and  of  a  bird. 

Analysis  [an-al'-is-is)  [avdkveiv,  to  unloose].  The 
resolution  of  compound  bodies  into  simpler,  "i  con 
stituent  parts.  A.,  Densimetric,  analysis  of  a  subject 
by  mean-,  oi  determining  the  specific  gravity  "I  the 
solution  and  thus  estimating  the  amount  "i  dissolved 
matter.  A.,  Gasometric,  the  determination  of  the 
constituents  of  gaseous  compounds,  especially  the 
determination  of  the  amount  <>l  oxygen  in  samples  of 
atmospheric  air.  A.,  Gravimetric,  the  quantitative 
determination  by  weight  of  the  elements  of  a  body. 
A.,  Organic,  the  determination  of  the  elements  of 
matter  formed  under  the  influence  of  life.  I  be 
analysis  of  animal  and  vegetable  tissues.  A.,  Proxi- 
mate, the  determination  of  the  simpler  compound 
elements  into  which  a  substance  may  be  resolved 
A.,  Qualitative,  the  determination  of  the  nature  and 
number  of  elements  that  compose  a  body.  A.,  Quan- 
titative, the  determination  of  the  proportionate  parts 
of  the  various  elements  of  a  compound.  A.,  Spectral, 
the  determination  of  the  composition  of  a  body  by  means 
of  the  spectroscope.  A.,  Ultimate,  the  resolution  of 
a  compound,  not  into  its  simpler  constituents,  but  its 
ultimate  elements.  A.,  Volumetric,  the  quantitative 
determination  of  a  constituent  by  ascertaining  the 
volume  of  a  liquid  required  to  complete  a  given  re- 
action. 

Analyzer  [an'-al-i-zer)  [hvdXveiv,  to  unloose].  In 
microscopy,  the  Nicol  prism  placed  at  some  level 
above  the  object  which  receives  and  exhibits  the 
properties  of  light  after  polarization. 

Anamirtin  [an-am-er' -tin)  [Anamirta,  a  genus  of 
plants],  C19H:!602.  A  glycerid  derived  from  Cocculus 
indicus,  the  berry-like  fruit  of  Menispermum  coccu- 
lus, L. 

Anamnesia  [an-am-ne'  -ze-ak).     See  Anamnesis. 

Anamnesis  {an-am-ne'  -sis)  [inauvr/aic,  a  recalling  to 
mind].  I.  The  faculty  of  memory  ;  recollection.  2. 
That  which  is  recollected :  information  gained  re- 
garding the  past  history  of  a  case  from  the  patient  or 
from  his  friends  or  from  other  persons. 

Anamnestic  \<iu-am-ncsf-tik)  [ava/ivz/o/c,  a  recalling 
to  mind].  I.  Recalling  to  mind  ;  remembering.  2. 
Restorative  of  the  memory. 

Anamnia  [an-amf  -ne-ak).     See  Amniota. 

Anamnionic  [an-am-ne-on'-ik).     Same  as  Anamniotic. 

Anamniotic  [an-am-ne- of -ik)  [av  priv. ;  auviov,  am- 
nion].     In  biology,  without  an  amnion,  as  fishes. 

Anamorphism  [an-am-orf-izm).  Same  as  Anamor- 
phosis. 

Anamorphosis  [an-am-orf-o' -sis)  [avafidptjxMjig ;  ava, 
again;  uop<p6eiv,  to  form].  Distortion  or  anomaly  of 
development.  In  biology,  gradual  change  of  form  in 
successive  members  of  a  group. 

Anamorphosy   [an-am-or'-fo-se).     See  Anamorphosis. 

Anam  Ulcer.  A  form  of  phagedena  such  as  is  common 
in  hot  countries.  It  begins  with  an  inflammation 
starting  from  a  small  abrasion  of  the  skin,  generally 
on  the  foot  and  leg,  with  sloughing  of  the  inflamed 
skin,  producing  a  sharp-cut  ulcer  that  spreads 
slowly,  preceded  by  an  area  of  inflammation.  Its 
course  is  remarkably  slow,  and  its  resistance  to  treat- 
ment obstinate.  Syphilis  and  anemia  are  predisposing 
factors. 

Anandria  \an-an'-dre-ah\  [av  priv.;  nvi//>,  man]. 
Lack  of  virility  ;   male  impotence. 

Anandrous  (an-an* -drus)  [av  priv.  ;  hvfjp,  a  male]. 
In  biology,  without  stamens. 


Anantherous  [an-an' '-ther-us]  [av  priv.;  anthera, 
anther].      In  biology,  without  anthers. 

Ananthous  [an-an' -thus)  [av  priv.;  av6o$,a  flower]. 
In  biology,  di  -unit'   oi   flow 

Anantochasmus   {an-an- to-kaz' '-mus)  [avavr?n 

\<tcti<t,  a   chasm].      Lis  term    tor   a   skull    in 

which  there   is  a   forward  inclination  of  the   line  ion 
ting  tie-  basii >n  an< I  staphylion. 

Anantocoryphus  (an-an-to-k  [av&vrrn 

Kopupfy,  the   crown].      Lissauer's   term   for  a  »kull  in 
which  the  angle  formed  between  the  radius  fixus  and 
tin-  line  connecting  the  bregma  and  lambda  is  bet'.'. 
5^°  and  4I0. 

Anantopyl  (an-ant' -o-pil)  [avavrr/g,  steep,  up-hill; 
-/>/,,  an  entrance].  A  trim  applied  by  Lissauer  to 
skulls  in  which  the  foramen  magnum  looks  slightly 
forward  when  referred  to  the  radius  fixus  as  a  hori- 
zontal. 

Ananturaniscus  [an-an-tu-ran-is' '-kits)  [<■■ 

bvpaviax<K,  canopy,  vault].  Lissauer's  term  for  a 
skull  in  which  there  is  a  forward  inclination  of  the 
line  joining  the  alveolar  point  and  the  posterior  border 
of  the  incisive  foramen. 

Ananturanus     [an-an-tu-ra'-nus)     [  .      steep; 

bvpavdg,  the  vault].  Lissauer's  term  lor  a  skull  in 
which  the  radius  fixus  being  horizontal,  there  i-  a 
forward-looking  of  the  palate. 

Anapeiratic     [an-ap-i-ratf -ik)      [  T"n/ ,    to    do 

again].  Due  to  frequent  repetition  ;  a  general  term 
for  such  affections  as  writers'  and  telegraphers'  cramp, 
or  paralysis. 

Anaphalantiasis      [an-af-al-an-ti' -as-is)      [ava,     up; 
oiuavdoc,  bald  in  front].      The  falling  out  of  the  1 
brows. 

Anaphases  [an-af-af  scz)  [di.'d,up  ;  tpaocg,  a  phase].    In 
biology,  the  phenomena  of  karyokinesis   immediately 
preceding  the  formation  of  the  daughter  stars,  and  up 
to  the  formation  of  the  resting  daughter  nuclei. 
Jl/etaphases. 

Anaphia  (an-a'-fe-ah)  [av  priv;  do/,,  touch].  Defect  in 
the  sense  of  touch. 

Anaphrodisia  [an-af-ro-diz* -e-ah)  [av  priv.  ;  'Atppodirr/, 
Venus].      Absence  or  impairment  of  sexual  appetite. 

Anaphrodisiac  [an-af-ro-diz' -e-ak)  [in  priv.; 

Venus].  I.  Relating  to,  affected  by,  or  causing 
anaphrodisia.  2.  An  agent  that  allays  the  sexual 
desire. 

Anaphroditic    {an-af-ro-dif  -ik\    [av  priv.  ;     A 
\  enus].     Asexually  produced. 

Anaphroditous    [an-af-rod' -it-us)  [av  priv.  ;  A 
Venus].      Having  no  sexual  impulses  or  appetite. 

Anaplase  [an'-ap-ldz)  [ava,  up ;  rrXaooetv,  to  build]. 
The  stage  of  growth  and  development;  the  period 
before  full  maturity. 

Anaplast  [an' -ap-last)  [  -  joeiv,  to  shape].  See 
Leucoplast. 

Anaplastic  (an-ap-las* '-tik)  [avairhaoaetv,  to  build  up]. 

1.  Relating  to  anaplasty  ;  restoring  a  lost  or  defective 
part.  2.  An  agent  that  facilitates  repair  by  restoring  or 
increasing  the  plastic  elements  of  the  blood. 

Anaplasty  (an' -ap-las-te)   [avaii-Xdaaeiv ,  to    build  up]. 
t  Iperation     for    the    renewal    or    restoration     of    lost 
parts,  commonly  called   a    plastic   operation  ;    pla 
surgery. 

Anaplerosis    (an-ap-le-ro'-sis)   [av&,  up;    jr/jjp6ei 
fill].      The   restoration  or  repair  of  a  wound,  sore,  or 
lesion  in  which  there  has  been  a  loss  of  substance. 

Anaplerotic  (an-ap-le-rof -ik)  [ava,  up;  irTaipdeiv,  to 
till].      1.    Promotive   of   repair,   favoring  granulation. 

2.  A  remedy  or  application  that  promotes  repair. 
Anapneometer   (an-ap-ne-  m'-et-er)   [avoTrvofj,  respira- 
tion;   utrpov,  a  measure].      An  anapnograph. 


AN  \r\>  (GRAPH 


76 


ANAZOTl  klA 


Anapnograpn  .  respiration  ; 

,  to  wriu].     An  apparatus  registering  the  m 
ments  ol  inspiration  and  expiration,  together  with  the 
quantity  of  air  inhaled. 

Anapnoic      in  tgainst;    airvoia,    want 

breath].      Fa  respiration;   relieving  dyspnea. 

Anapnometc:  m  •", ,  respiration  ; 

,a  measure].     An  anapneomel 

Anapophysi  [ava,  back; 

an  offshoot].  process  of  a  lumbar  or 

posterior  dorsal  vertebra,  corresponding  to  the  inferior 
tubercle  of  the  transverse  process  of  a  typical  dorsal 
vertebra. 

Anarcotin  bo-tin)    [ii   j>ri\ .  ;    vapKarixdi  ,  nar- 

cotic],     Narcotin,  so  .ailed  from  its  lack  of  narcotic 

I  N  •  '■'. 

Anargyrus  [av  priv. ;    apyvpoe,  silver : 

■■. ■'].     An  old  name  for  a  practitioner  who 
treated  the  sick  gratuitously. 

Anarrhea.  .t  Anarrhcea  t<7//-(/;--</-<;//)   [dvd,  up; 
Bowl.     Afflux  loan  upper  part,  as  <>t'  blood  to  the  head. 

Anarrhexis  (an-ar-eiP-is)  [avd,  up;  .  .  fracture]. 
Surgical  refracture  of  a  bone. 

Anarthria  an-ar* -thre-ah  \  [av  priv.  ;  apBpov,  articula- 
tion]. I.  Partial  aphasia  from  partial  destruction  of  the 
paths  of  the  motor  tracts  of  speech,  and  characterized 
by  defective  articulation.      2.  Without  joints. 

Anarthrous  [an-ar* -thrus)  [av  priv.  ;  apdpuv,  a  joint], 
Jointless.     So  corpulent  that  no  joints  are  visible. 

Anasarca  [an-ah-sar1 '-kati)  [avd,  through;  ffdpf,  the 
flesh].  An  accumulation  of  serum  in  the  areolar  ti- 
the body,  tf  associated  with  effusion  of  fluid 
into  serous  cavities  it  is  called  general  dropsy.  If  the 
affection  i-  local,  it  is  called  edema.  This  local  form 
is  generally  the  result  of  some  mechanical  obstruction 
to  the  flow  of  blood  in  the  part. 

Anasarcous  [an-ah-sar' -kus)  [ava,  through;  oapj; ,  the 
flesh].      Affected  with  anasarca. 

Anaspadias  ba'-de-as)     [avd,   up;     airdecv,   to 

draw].  An  urethral  opening  upon  the  upper  surface 
of  the  1  ' 

Anastaltic     (an-as-taP-tik)     [dvaoTa\mc6g,    checking, 
putting  back,  or  up ;  arkTCKtiv,  to  send].      1.   Strongly 
a-tringent.      2.    Centripetal;   afferent;    used  of  nerve 
curr 

Anastasis    an-as* -tas-is)  [avdaraaig,  a  setting  up].    Re- 
very;   convalescence;  a  state  of  improving  health, 
vigor,  or  development. 

Anastate  {at  ,  1  aused  t<>  rise].    Any 

substance  that  appears  in  or  is  characteristic  of  an 
anabolic  process. 

Anastatic  (an  as-taP-ik)  [dvdoraroc,  caused  to  rise]. 
Tending  to  recovery;   restorative. 

Anastole  [an- a  '-to-le)  [dvaarokij,  retracted].  Retrac- 
tion ;   shrinking  away,  as  of  the  lip.-,  of  a  wound. 

Anastom  [an' -as-torn)  [ava,  above;  ar6pa,  mouth]. 
Any  mouthless  organism;  specifically,  a  member  ,,t 
the  genus.  Inastoma,  among  the  <  rasteropods  or<  hthop 
tera.  or  Anactomus  among  the  Salmonidse. 

Anastomosis   {at  vrop6eiv, to   bring 

to  a  mouth].  The  intercommunication  of  vessels. 
Anastomotic  arteries  of  the  thigh,  etc.  branch* 
brachial,  femoral,  etc.,  whereby  the  collateral  circula- 
tion i-  established  after  ligature  for  aneurysm,  etc. 
The  term  ha-  been  inaccurately  used  of  the  junction 
of  the  nerve  filaments.  A.,  Crucial,  an  arterial  an- 
astomosis in  the-  upper  part  of  the  thigh,  formed  by  the 
anastomotic  branch  "i   th  ,the  firsl  perforating, 

the  internal  circumflex,  and  the  transverse  branch  of 
the  external    circumflex.      A.,   Intestinal,  an    op< 
rion    consisting  in   establishing  a  communication  be- 
tween tin-  intestine  above  and  that  below  the  obstruc- 


tion, in  ea-e-  oi   intestinal  obstruction.     In  this  way 

the    impermeable    portion    of    the     bowel     is    excluded 

from  the  fecal  circulation. 

Anastomotic  (an-as-to-moP -ik)  [dvaaropdeiv,  to  bring 
to  a  mouth].     Pertaining  to  anastomosis. 

Anatherapeusis    (an-ath-er-ap-u' '-sis)    [inn,   forward; 
-t<  ,  medical    treatment].      I  reatment    by    in 
creasing  doses. 

Anathrepsis      (an-ath-rep'-sis)      [avddpetyic,    a     fresh 
iwth].     A  renewal  oi  losl  flesh  after  recover] 

Anathreptic     [an-ath-rep* '-tik)     |  ..a      fresh 

growth].      Restorative  of  losl  flesh;   nutritive. 

Anatomical  (an-at-omf-ik-al)  [avarop  a,  anatomy]. 
Pertaining  to  anatomy.  A.  Tubercle.  See  Ver- 
ruca necrogenica. 

Anatomism  {an-aP -om-izni)  [dvaropia,  anatomy].  The 
theory  that  anatomical  conditions  determine  all  the 
phenomena  of  life,  health,  and  disease. 

Anatomist  [an-aP -om-ist )  [dvaropia,  anatomy],     I  Ine 
who   i-   expert  in  anatomy.      A.'s  Snuff-box,  the  tri 
angulai  spat  e  between  the  tendons  of  the  extensor  of 
the  metacarpal  bone  of  the  thumb  and  the  extensor  of 
the  first  phalanx  on  the  back  of  the  hand. 

Anatomy  (an-aP-o-me)  [avd,  up,  apart ;  rkpvetv,  to  cut]. 
The  dissection  of  organic  bodies  in  order  to  study  their 
structure,  the  situations  and  uses  of  their  organs,  etc. 
A.,  Applied,  anatomy  as  concerned  in  the  diagnosis  and 
management  of  pathological  conditions.  A.,  Compar- 
ative, the  investigation  and  comparison  of  the  anatomy 
of  different  orders  of  animals  or  of  plants,  one  with  an- 
other. A.,  Descriptive,  a  study  of  the  separate  and 
individual  portions  of  the  body,  apart  from  their  rela- 
tionship to  surrounding  parts.  A.,  Gross,  anatomy 
of  the  macroscopic  tissues.  A.,  Homological,  the 
study  of  the  correlations  of  the  several  parts  of  the 
body.  A.,  Minute,  that  studied  under  the  micro- 
scope. A.,  Morbid  or  Pathological,  a  study  of 
diseased  structures.  A.,  Physiognomical,  the  study 
of  expressions  depicted  upon  the  exterior  of  the  body, 
especially  upon  the  face.  "  A.,  Regional,  a  study  of 
limited  parts  or  regions  of  the  body,  the  divisions  of 
which  are  collectively  or  peculiarly  affected  by  disease, 
injury,  operations,  etc.  A.,  Surgical,  the  application 
of  anatomy  to  surgery.  A.,  Topographical,  the 
anatomy  of  a  single  portion  or  part  of  the  body.  A., 
Transcendental,  the  study  of  the  general  design  of 
the  body,  and  of  the  particular  design  of  the  organs. 
A.,  Veterinary,  th.-  anatomy  of  domestic  animals. 

Anatripsis  ian-at-rip' -sis)  [avdrpttyiq,  a  rubbing].    Rub 
bing;  the  removal  of  a  part   or  growth  by  -craping  or 
rubbing;    inunction.      Also  an   upward  or  centripetal 
movement  in  massage. 

Anatripsology    [an-at-rip-soP -o-je)  [avdrpiipcg,   a    rub 
bing;    >«;'»,  science].      The  science  of  friction   as  a 
remedial  agent. 

Anatriptic  [an-at-rip1 '-tik)  [avdTpirfiig,  a  rubbing].  A 
medii  ine  to  be  applied  by  rubbin 

Anatropal   [an-aP -ro-pal)   [a  .  to  turn   up 

down].      See  Anatropous. 

Anatropous  (an-aP -ro-pus)  [dvd,  up;   rpineiv, toturn]. 
In  biology,  inverted.     Applied  to  the  ovule  when  com 
pletel)  inverted,  so  that  the  hilum   and    micropyle  are 
brought  close  t'  tgether. 

Anaudia  [an-aio' -de-ah)  [av  priv.;  aid^,  voice].  Loss 
of  voice ;  dumbness;  inability  to  artii  ulate. 

Anaxonia  (an-aki  o/-ne-ah)  [dvpriv.;  dfwv, axle,  axi-] 
In  biology,  organic  forms  wholly  irregular  or  varying, 
and  without 

Anazoturia  \<m  az-ot-u' -re-ah)  [dvpriv.  ;  azotum, nitro 
gen  ;  abpav,  urine].      A    name  applied  to  that  form  of 
chronic  diuresis  in  which   urea  is  deficient  or  absent 
from  the  urine. 


ANBURY 


77 


ANDROPOG<  »N 


Anbury  Um'-ber-e)  [E.  dialect],  A  sofl  tumor  or 
pendulous  wart,  chiefly  on  horses  and  cattle 

Ancecerite  {an  •-■■'  rer-it)  [dy/t#,  ben!  ;  i  horn]. 

In  biology,  a  curved  process  attai  hi  'I  to  the  peduncle 
of  the  second  pair  of  antennae  in  certain  Crustacea. 

Ancestral  germ-plasms.  Weismann's  "Ahnenplas- 
men.        See  /</. 

Anchieta  (an-che-a'-tah )  [Anchietea,  a  Brazilian  botan- 
ist]. A  genus  of  violaceous  plants.  ./.  salutaris, 
vegetable  mercury.  The  runt  of  a  violaceous  plant 
growing  in  Brazil,  highl)  recommended  as  a  purga- 
tive, and  as  an  alterative  in  syphilitic  affections;  it  is 
possibly  identical  with  Manaca,  </.  v. 

Anchilops  [angf -kil-ops).     See  Anchylops. 

Anchorage  {ang/  kor-aj  |  [M.  E.,  ankren,  an  anchor], 
rhe  fixation  of  a  floating  or  displaced  viscus,  whether 
by  a  natural  process  or  by  surgical  mean-. 

Anchusa  {ang- ku' '-sah)  [d^owra,  alkanet].  A  genus 
of  boraginaceous  herbs.     Sec  Alkanet. 

Anchusin   {ang/-ku-sin)  [axovaa,  alkanet],   C ,,11 
The  red  coloring  matter  characteristic  of  alkanet-root. 
See  Alkanet. 

Anchyloglossia  {ang->kil-o-glos/~e-ah).   See  Tongue-tie. 

Anchylops  {ang'-kil-ops)  [&yxh  near;  ui\>,  the  eye]. 
Abscess  at  inner  angle  of  eye,  prior  to  rupture. 

Anchylosis  {ang-kil-o'-sis).      See  Ankylosis. 

Anchylostomiasis  {ang-kil-o-sto-mi'-as-is).  See  Dock- 
miasis. 

Anchylostomum  {ang-kil-os' -to-mum)  [dy/cvAoc,  crook- 
ed ;  orbpa,  mouth].  A  genus  of  slender  nematoid 
worms  inhabiting  the  human  intestines.  Dochmius 
{Anchylostowa)  duodenalis.  Leuck.  See  Parasites, 
Animal,  Tabic  of. 

Ancipital  [an-sip'-it-al)  [anceps,  double].  In  biology, 
two-edged. 

Ancome  {an'-kum)  [E.  dialect].  An  inflammation  or 
swelling  that  comes  on  suddenly. 

Ancon  |i/«^'-/v«)  [aynav,  the  elbow].  Originally  the 
olecranon  process  ;   applied  to  the  elbow  generally. 

Anconad  [ang/ -ko-nad)  [ayndiv,  the  elbow].  Toward 
the  olecranon,  or  elbow. 

Anconagra  {ang-kon-a* -grah)  [dy/cwv,  the  elbow  ;  aypa, 
a  -eizure].      Arthritic  pain  at  the  elbow. 

Anconal  (ang/ -kon-al)  \aynuv,  the  elbow].  Pertain- 
ing to  the  elbow. 

Anconeal  {ang-ko'-ne-al).      Same  as  Anconal. 

Anconen  {ang* -kon-en)  [ayn6v,  the  elbow].  Belonging 
to  the  ancon  in  itself. 

Anconeus  (ang-ko  u,  '  us)  [aynuv,  the  elbow].  A 
small  muscle,  an  extensor  of  the  forearm,  inserted 
into  the  olecranon  and  upper  third  of  the  forearm.  It 
arises  from  the  external  condyle  of  the  humerus.  See 
Muscles,  Table  of. 

Anconoid  {ang^-kon-oid)  [dyw&v,  the  elbow].  Re- 
sembling the  elbow. 

Ancora  {angf -ko-rah)  [I..,  an  anchor].  In  biology, 
an   anchor-shaped  Synapta  spicule. 

Ancyloblepharon  {an-sil-o-blef  -ar-vn).  See  Ankylo- 
blepharon. 

Ancyloglossum  {an-sil-o-glosf-um).     See  Tongue-tie. 

Ancylomele  [an-sil-o-me' '-/<?).     See  Ankylomele. 

Ancyroid  {an' -sir-oid)  [ayicvpa,  anchor;  eldoc,  form]. 
Shaped  like  an  anchor. 

Andersch's  Ganglion.     See  Ganglia,  Table-  of. 

Anderson's  Antipruritic  Powder.  A  powder  used  in 
eczema.  It  consists  of  powdered  starch,  3  yj  ;  oxid 
of  zinc,  3  is-  ;  powdered  camphor,  3  ss. 

Anderson's  (McCall)  Ointment.  Anointment  consist- 
ing   of   powdered   bismuth    oxid  3J,  oleic  acid    f^j, 
white    wax    £iij,    vaselin    gix.      These    are    hei 
together  and   when    nearly  cool   a   little  oil  of  rose   is 
added,    ft  is  an  excellent  soothing  ointment  for  the  skin. 


Anderson's  Pill.      The  compound  gamboge  pill. 

Andira  {an  di'-rah)  [L.].      A  genus  ol  tropical  legumi- 
nous trees.     ./.  araroba,  affords 
Araroba).      Several    spei  ies   yield    a<  tive  medii 
chiefly  of   local  repute.     ./.  inermi    (Cabbage-tn 
./.  anthelmintica,  of  Brazil,  and   A    <   tu  a,  ol  Guiana, 
have  barks  efficacious  against  worm-. 

Andranatomy  {an-dran-af -o-me)  [avfjp,  a  man; 
dvoro/ua,  anatomy].  Human  anatomy ;  the  anatomy 
or  dissection  ol  the  male  human  subject. 

Andrecium,    or  Andrcecium   {an-dre' '-se-um)  [in 
man;  uZ/coi  .  a  bouse].      In  biology,  a  term  applied  to 
the  stamens  as  a  whole. 

Androclinium  {pn-dro-klin'-e-um).     See  Clinajidrium. 

Andro-diecious     {an-dro-di-e1 '-she-us)      [avijp,     male; 
.  two;  ot/coc,  a  house].      In  biology,  flowers  stami- 
nate  on  one  plant,  perfect  on  another. 

Androgalactozemia  1  an-dro-gal-ak-to-ze'  -me-ah  \  \avi)p, 
in  in  ;  ]  1  !'u,  milk;  -'////"*,  loss].  The  presence  of 
milk  in  the  male  mammae. 

Androgonidium    (an-dro-gon  id'-e  um).     See     Andro- 
re. 

Androgyna      {an-drof '-in-ah)      [avijp,      man; 

woman].      An  hermaphrodite;  a  female  in  whom  the 
genital  organ-  are  similar  to  those  of  the  male. 

Androgyneity    {an-droj-in-e'-it-e)    [avj/p,    man;    ; 
woman].      Hermaphroditism. 

Androgynism     {an-drof '-in-izm)     [avrjp,   man; 
woman].      I  lermaphroditi-m. 

Androgynous     {an-droj' -in-us)     [avr/p,    man; 

woman].      Hermaphrodite.      In  biology,  having  male 
and  female  flowers  in  the  same  inflorescence. 

Androgynus     {an-droj' -in-us)     \avijp,     man; 

woman].      An  hermaphrodite.      A   male   with  genital 
organs  similar  to  those  of  the  female. 

Androgyny  {an-droj' -in-e).     See  Androgynism. 

Andrology  {an-droV -o-je)  \avrjp,  man;  \6yog,  science]. 

1.  The  science   of    man,  especially  of  the   male    - 

2.  The    science  of   the  diseases  of  the   male    genito- 
urinary organs. 

Andromania  {an-dro-mar -ne-ah)  \kvijp,  a  man  ;  //• 
madness].      Nymphomania.  </.  v. 

Andromeda  {an-drom' -e-dah)  ['AvSpofiidri,  a  mytholo 
gical  character].  A  genus  of  ericaceous  shrubs  hav- 
ing poisonous  or  narcotic  properties.  The  leave-  of 
A.  mariana  and  A.  nitida,  of  North  America,  and 
of  A.  polyfolia  of  both  continent.-,  are  useful  in  the 
external  treatment  of  old  ulcers,  a  decoction  being  ap- 
plied hot  to  the  sore.      Unof. 

Andromonoecious  {an-dro-mo-ne' '-she-us)  [avijp,  male; 
uoviir,  -ingle  ;  olicog,  house].  In  biology,  of  or  per- 
taining to  a  plant  that  bears  staminate  and  perfect,  but 
no  pistillate  flowers. 

Andromorphous  {an-dro-mor' '-fus)  [avfip,  man;  \inptyq, 
form].      Shaped  like  a  man. 

Androphobia    {an-dro-fo' -be-ah)    [avfjp,   man;     <>■ 
dread].      Fear  or  dislike  of  man. 

Androphonomania     {an-dro-fo-no-tna' '-ne-ah  1    [dvdpo- 
OC,  man-killing;    uai-ia,  madness].       Homicidal  in- 
sanity. 

Androphore  {anf -dro-for)  [dv^p,  man;  (pipeiv,  to  bear]. 
In  biology,  a  -talk  supporting  an  andrecium.  a  stami- 
neal  column,  or  a  body  supporting  an  antheridium.  In 
biology,  a  generative  bud  of  a  hydrozoan  producing 
male  elements  only. 

Andropogon  {an-dro-po* '-gon)  [avijp,  man:  irayav, 
beard].  \  genus  of  coarse  grasses  of  many  species. 
A.  nardus  affords  oil  of  citronella  ;  A.  citratus,  lemon- 
grass  oil  ;  A.  schcenanthus,  oil  of  rusa,  etc.  These 
oils  are  employed  in  perfumery,  and  are  said  to  be  use- 
ful in  rheumatism.  The  oil-bearing  andropogons  are 
ly  s    Asiatic.      Unof. 


ANDROSP*  tRANGIUM 


78 


ANENCEPHALOTR<  »PHIA 


Androsporangium  (an-Jro-s:  man  ; 

tnmpd,  a    spon  :  i ,   a   vessel].     In    biolog 

sporangium  producing  androspa 

Androspore  i -;«'-.//■■  .1  man ;   1  ed]. 

In  biology,  the  peculiar  swarmspore  of  tie 
which  develops  to  a  "dwarf  male"  and  se  to 

antherozoids. 

Androtomous  [an  -..■'  a  man;  - 

cut].  In  biology,  characterized  by  congenital  division 
of  the  stamens  into  several  parts. 

Androtomy  -  t  Andrai 

Andrum      an' -drum)    [Guzerali    ana 

A  form  of  elephantiasis  Arabum  characterized  by 
edema  of  the  scrotum. 

Aneccrisia  [av  priv. ;  ex,  out;  Kpiotc, 

oration].      The   suppression   or   defici  any 

on. 

Anechinoplacid  [av  priv.;  i\ 

a  hedgehog;  r?  -.  a  plate].  In  biology,  having  the 
madreporic  plate  destitute  of  spines;  the  opposite  of 
/  id. 

Anectasia  t'-se-ah).     See  Anectasis. 

Anectasis  [an  e/^-tas-is)  [av  priv.  ;  iicraaig,  extension]. 
I  'elieient  size  of  an  organ  or  part. 

Aneilema    [an-i-W '-mah\    [ova,   up;    tV/hiv,  to    roll] 
Flatulence  ;   air  or  wind  in  the  bowels;   colic. 

Anelectric  [an-el-ek' -trik)  [av  priv.  ;  pAc/crpov,  amber]. 
Readily  giving  up  electricity. 

Anelectrode  ';' -trod)    [ava,  upward  ;    tyXeicrpw, 

amber:  path].        The   positive  pole  of  a    gal- 

vanic battery. 

Anelectrotonic  [an-el-ek-tro-ton* -tk\  [av  priv.  ;  t//in- 
-  ..electricity;  r6vog,  tension].  Relating  to  anelec- 
trotonus.      A.  Zone.      See  / 

Anelectrotonos    [an-el-ek-trof -o-nos)    [av  priv.;    /y./,- 

osion].    Anodal  electrotonus. 

Anelectrotonus   [an-el-ek-trof '-o-nus)    [av  priv; 

..electricity;  r6vog,  tension].  In  electrotherapy, 
the  decreased  functional  activity  that  occurs  in  a  nerve 
in  the  neighborhood  of  the  anode.  See  Electrotonui 
and  Cat  nus. 

Anel's  Operation.  See  Operations,  Table  of.  A. 
Probe,  ur  Sound,  a  fine  probe  used  in  operations 
upon  the  lachrymal  passages.  A.  Syringe,  a  syringe 
used  in  injecting  fluids  into  the  lachrymal  passages. 

Anelytrous  [an-elf -it-rus)  [av  priv.;  iXvrpov,  shard]. 
In  biology,  with  membranous  wings,  and  no  elytra. 

Anematopoiesis  [an-e-mat-o-poi-f-sis)  [av  priv.  ; 
atna,  blood  ;  noiqavc,  a  making].  Deficient  formation 
of  blood. 

Anematosis,  or  Anaematosis  [an-e-mat-o* -sis)  [avaifia- 
bloodless].  I.  General,  or  idiopathic  anemia  ;  the 
morbid  state  or  process  that  lead-,  to  anemia;  that 
diathesis  that  is  associated  with  an  anemic  tendency. 
2.  Anemia  dependent  on  want  of  development  of  the 
red  corpu-.  les  of  the  blood. 

Anemia    [an-e' -me-ah)   [av  priv.  ;  atua,  blood].      Defi- 
ciency of  blood,  or  delii  iency  of  the   relative   number 
of  its  red  corpuscles,  the  latter  being  the  most  genei 
ally   understood    meaning  and    use   of    the    term.       It 
may   be    general  or   local.      Ischemia    is  a    form    of 
local  anemia,   and  is   the  result    of  mechanical   in! 
ference    with    the    circulation    of    the    affected    part, 
either  from  vaso-motor  spasm,  thrombosis,  embolism, 
or  the  action   ol   styptics.       The  cause  of  general  am 
mia    is    often    obscure,  or    it    may   be    due    eithei    to 
an     insufficient     food-supply    and  tve    drain    or 

blood-waste,  or  bom  repeated  hemorrhages  or  exhaust 
ing  discharges.     The   action    of    certain   poisons,    as 
rcury  and  lead,   will  also  produce  a  form  of  anemia. 
Prolonged  anemia  will  give  rise  to  fatty  degeneration 
of  the  organs  and  tissues.      Idiopathic,  pernicious,  es- 


sential, progressiv  -,  malignant,  eti .,  are  terms  denoting 

a  type  resisting  all  treatment  and  steadily  progressing 

to  a  fatal  termination.      A.,  Idiopathic,  advances  to  a 

il  issue,  and    i-  associated  with  febrile  symptoms; 

its  causation  is  not  evident;   il  is  called  also  Primary 

Anemia.     A.,  Local.     See  Hyperemia,  Ischemia,  and 

Anemia.     A.  lymphatica.     Synonym   of   ffodgkin's 

Disease.     See   Lymphadenoma.     A.,   Primary.      See 

/     Idiopathic.     A.,   Secondary,  or   Symptomatic, 

follow-  some  ascertainable  lesion  or  injury,  or  from 

some    other  disease.      A.,   Symptomatic.      See     /., 

<ndary. 

Anemiate.or  Anaemiate  [an-e/ -me-&t)  [av  priv;  a'ma, 
blood].       Affected  with  anemia. 

Anemiated,  or  Anaemiated  [an-ef -me-a-ted").  See 
.  //.•  •mic. 

Anemied,  or  Anaemied  [an-^-mid)  [av  priv.  ;  atua, 
blood].     Anemic. 

Anemic,  or  Anaemic  [an-em'-ik,  an-e'-mik)  [av  priv.  ; 
ti'uiii,  blood].      Pertaining  to  anemia.     A.  Murmur,  a 
blood  murmur,  or   sofi   murmur  heard  at  the  base  of 
the  heart  ov<  r  the  great   vessels.     A.  Necrosis,  a  ne 
< rosis  or  death  oi  scattered  pati  hes  of  the  heart  mus 

cle,    due    to   a    want    of    nourishment.       It    arises    from 
atheroma    occluding     the    cardiac    arteries    and     their 
branches. 
Anemometer  [an-e-mom/-et-er)  [ave/ioc,  wind;   \tkrpm>, 
a  measure].     An  instrument  for  measuring  the  velocity 

of  the  wind. 

Anemometry  [an-e-mom' -et-re)  [aveftoc,  wind  ; 

a  measure].  The  art  of  measuring  the  velocitj  and 
direction  of  the  wind,  principally  by  mean-  of  the 
anemom,  I  r. 

Anemone  [an-em/-o-ne)  [avEfiitorj,  wind  flower].  An 
important  genus  of  ranunculaceous  herb-,  mosl  of 
which  have  active  medicinal  and  poisonous  qualities, 
and  some  of  which  are  used  in  medicine.  See  Pulsa- 
tilla. 

Anemonin  [an-emf -o-nin)  [avefi&vr/,  wind-flower].  C15- 
H1206.  The  active  principle  of  the  Anemone .  It  is 
given  in  bronchiti-,  asthma,  and  convulsive  cough. 
Dose  gr.  %-%  twice  daily. 

Anemonol  [an-em/-on-ol)  [aveuinm, wind-flower ;  oleum, 
oil].  The  volatile  oil  extracted  bom  anemone;  it  is 
a  powerful  vesicant. 

Anemophilous  [an-em-offf-il-us]  [dw/wc,  wind ;  o'/nr, 
loving].  Depending  for  cross  fertilization  upon  the 
agency  of  the  wind,  as  certain  flowers. 

Anemosis,  or  Anaemosis  {<m  em-o'-sis)  [av  priv.  ; 
atfia,  blood].  Defective  supply  of  blood;  anemia 
dependent  on  want  of  red  blood  corpuscles.  See  An- 
ematosis. 

Anemotrophy,  or  Anaemotrophy  [an-em-of -ro-fe)  [av 
priv.  ;  atua,  blood;  rpotyfj,  nourishment].  A  defi(  iency 
of   blood  nourishment;   an  impoverished  state  of  the 

blood. 

Anencephalia  [an-en-sef-ar -le-ak)  \_<ir  priv.  ;  kyici(j>aA.oi  , 
brain].      Congenital  absence  of  the  brain. 

Anencephalic    1  nl'-ik)   [av  priv.  ;  /;/..•' on/ <»■, 

brain].     Pertaining  to  or  characterized  by  anencephalia. 

Anencephalohemia  [an-en-sef-al-o-he'  -me-ah  )  [av 
priv.;  /  /,'o, />..!,  brain;  atfia,  blood].  Insufficiency 
of  blood   in  the  brain. 

Anencephaloid  [an  en  tf'-al-oid)  [av  priv.  ;  i]nt<paX- 
...  .  brain].      Pertaining  to  anencephalia. 

Anencephaloneuria      [an-en-sef-al-on-u' '-re-ah)       [av 
priv   ;   .■',>.  ■'•<!/ in  .  brain  ;   vevpov,  a  nerve].      Impel 
■  \  e  action  of  the  brain. 

Anencephalotrophia,  or  Anencephalotrophy  [an  en- 
al-o-troJ '-fe-ah  or  -lof-ro-fe)   [av  priv.;    kjKi<pa2.og, 
brain  ;    Tpcxpf],    nutrition].      Atrophy,  or  lack  of  nutri- 
tion ol    the  brain. 


AXi-;.\(  KI'H  u.us 


79 


ANES1  HETIC 


Anencephalus  {an-en-i  f'-al-u  i    [av  priv. ;  eyici<paXog, 
brain],      i.    A    species    of  single  autositic  monsters  in 
which  there  is  neither  a  trace  of  the  brain  nor  a  rudi- 
mentary representative  of  it.     2.    According  to  Saint 
Hilaire,  a  variety  of  the  above  5]  i  which  tl 

is  extensive  laying  open  ol  the  spinal    canal  with  ab 
sence  of  the  spinal  cord. 
Anencephaly  (an  ■  >i  -■■■/'  al-e).      See  Anencephalia. 
Anenergesia  (an    n    >  /  '       ah  \.      See  An  »  ■  ..ia. 
Anenergia    (an-en-er1 '-j'e-ah)    [av    priv.;  kvepyeia,  en 

ergy].      Lack  of  vigor  or  power. 
Anenteremia  [an-en-ter-e' '-me-ah\    [av  priv. ; 

an  intestine ;    i/i-",   blood].       Bloodless  condition  of 
the  howels. 
Anenteroneuria     (an  en  ter-o  nu'-re  ah  i     [av     priv.  ; 
ivrepov,  an   intestine;    vevpov,   a  nerve].       Intestinal 
atony. 
Anenterotrophia     (an-en-ler-o-tr>  I      [av    priv.; 

£vrepov,an  intestine;  -poor/,  nourishment  ].      Defective 
intestinal  nutrition. 
Anenterous    (an  en'-ter-us)    [av  priv,  ;  tov,    intes 

tine].     In  biology,  having  no  intestine,  as  a  tapeworm 
or  a  fluke. 
Anepia  {an-epZ-e-ah)   [avemyc,  speechless].       Inability 

to   speak. 
Anepiploic   (an-ep-ip-lo/-ik>)    [av  priv.  ;    iiriirXoav,    the 

caul].      Having  no  epiploon. 
Anepithymia  (an  ep-e-lhim' '-e-ah  )   [av  priv.  ; 

desire].      Loss  of  any  natural  appetite. 
Anerethisia  [an-er-eth-iz' -e-ah\  [av  priv.;   kpedi^etv,  to 

excite].     Imperfect  irritability,  as  of  a  muscle  or  in  i  v 
Anergia  (an-er' -je-aK)  [av   priv.;  kpyov,  work].   Slug- 
gishness;  inactivity. 
Anergic   [an-er'-jikS  [av  priv.;   Spyov,   work].      Char- 
acterized  by  sluggishness  ;    as  anergic  dementia.      A. 
Stupor.     See   Insanity,  Stuporous. 
Aneroid     (an'-er-oid)    [a    priv.;     vr/poc,    wet;     eldog, 
form].      Dispensing  with  a  fluid,  as  quicksilver.       A. 
Barometer.     See  Barometer. 
Anerythroblepsia  (an  er-ith-ro-blep* -se-ah}.     Same  as 

.  tnerythropsia. 
Anerythroblepsy  (aner'  -ith-ro-blep-se).      Same  as  An- 

erythropsia. 
Anerythropsia    (an-er-ith-rop' '-se-aK)    [av   priv.  ;    kpv- 
9p6g,  red;    m.'vc,  sight].      Subnormal  color  perception 
of  red.     See  Blindness. 
Anesis  (an'-es-is)   [avr.aiQ,  remission].     An  abatement 

or  relaxation  in  the  severity  of  symptoms. 
Anesthesia,  or  Anaesthesia  [an-es-the/ -ze-ah  )  [avaia- 
thjnia,  want  of  feeling].  A  condition  of  insensibility 
or  loss  of  feeling  due  to  pathological  conditions  of  the 
centers,  conducting  paths  of  the  nerves,  or  the  peri- 
pheral terminations  of  the  same,  or  to  artificial  pro- 
duction by  means  of  anesthetics.  A.,  Bulbar  or 
Central,  due  to  central  disease.  A.,  Crossed,  anes- 
thesia on  one  side  of  the  organism,  due  to  a  central 
lesion  of  the  other  side.  A.,  Doll's  Head,  a  form  of 
anesthesia  extending  over  the  head,  neck,  and  upper 
part  of  the  chest.  A.  dolorosa,  severe  pain  experi- 
enced after  the  occurrence  of  complete  motor  and 
sensory  paralysis,  a  symptom  observed  in  certain 
diseases  of  the  spinal  cord.  A.,  Local,  of  a  limited 
part  of  the  body.  A.,  Muscular,  loss  of  the  muscular 
sense.  A.,  Peripheral,  depending  upon  conditions 
of  the  end-organs  of  the  nerves.  A.,  Surgical,  by 
means  of  anesthetics  for  the  purpose  of  preventing 
pain,  producing  relaxation  of  muscles,  or  for  diagnos- 
tic purposes. 
Anesthesimeter  (an-es-thes-im'-et-er)  [avausfh/oia,  want 
of  feeling;  uirpov,  a  measure].  An  instrument  to 
measure  the  amount  of  an  anesthetic  administered  in  a 
given  time. 


Anesthetic,  or  Anaesthetic  {an  es-thef-ik)  [av  priv.  ; 
aiod&veaOat,  to  feel].  A  substance  that  produces  in- 
nsibility  to  feeling  or  to  acute  pain,  diminished  mus- 
cular action,  and  othei  phenomena.  Anesthetics  m  iy 
l><-  general,  local,  partial  and  complete.  A.,  General  ; 
the  following  an- tin-  substances  that  have  been  used 
for  general  anesthesia:  Amylene,  C5H10,  a  mobile 
liquid,  thin,  colorless,  translucent;  action  rapid,  pro- 
ducing partial  anesthesia.  It  is  used  in  Germany 
under  tin-  name  of  Pental;  it  i-  besl  administered  by 
means  oi  Junker's  inhaler,  which  i lifies  its  unplea- 
sant odor;  it  should  nol  be  brought  near  a  flame. 
Carbon  Tetrachlorid,  not  so  irritating  to  the 
organs  of  respiration,  but  far  more  dangerous  than 
chloroform.  Chlorai  Hydrate,  action  indirect 
and  incomplete.  Rarely,  il  ever,  now  used.  Chloro- 
form, by  inhalation.  Largely  employed  in  general 
surgery.  It  -rem-  to  have  a  selei  tive  ai  tion  upon  the 
nervous  system,  and  also  exercises  a  direct  influ 
upon  the  musi  ulai  tissues  of  the  heart.  It  paralyzes 
the  vaso  motoi  system,  and  death  results  from  cardiac 
paralysis.  Chloroform  should  always  be  administered 
freely  mixed  with  air.  The  Method  <>/ 
mixtures,  however,  a-  recommended  by  Clover,  and 
Bert,  while  admirable  in  theory, is  not  entirely  pi 
cal.  The  Lister  Method,  also  known  as  the  Scotch  or 
Open  Method  oi  administering  chloroform,  consists  in 
]  ouring  a  small  amount  of  the  anesthetic  upon  a  com- 
mon towel  arranged  in  a  square  of  -i\  folds,  and  hold- 
ing this  a-  near  to  the  face  as  can  be  borne  without 
inconvenience.  Various  inhalers  have  been  devised 
for  the  administration  of  chloroform,  tin-  best  of  which 
are  Clover's,  which  consists  of  a  large  bag  capabl 
containing  a  given  volume  of  air,  into  which  the  vapor 
of  a  given  quantity  of  chloroform  is  allowed  to  enter, 
the  mixture  being  so  arranged  that  the  ten-ion  of 
chloroform  vapor  in  the  air  i-  maintained  below  4.5 
per  cent;  Junker1  .a-  modified  by  Dudley  Buxton, 
which  consists  in  the  inhalation  of  air  containing  the 
chloroform  vapor,  the  latter  being  taken  up  by  pump 
ing  the  air  through  a  bottle  containing  half  an  ou 
of  the  anesthetic  ;  Krohne  and  Sesemann  have  modi- 
fied the  foregoing  by  doing  away  with  the  intermit- 
tent, jerky  delivery  of  the  vapor  and  by  adding  to  the 
face-piece  an  expiration-valve  guarded  by  a  -titi 
feather,  which,  rising  in  expiration  and  falling  in  in 
spiration,  registers  the  force  and  strength  of  respira- 
tion {Feather  respiration  regist  r)  :  San  m's apparatus 
is  a  modification  of  Sn  .  substituting  a  gutta-percha 
covering  for  the  cold  water  jacket  of  Snow;  Sn 
inhaler  consists  of  a  metallic  cylindrical  vessel,  con 
taining  two  coils  of  blotting  paper,  permitting  free 
circulation  of  air,  and  surrounded  by  another  cylinder 
containing  water,  the  latter  being  for  the  purpose  of 
equalizing  the  temperature.     S\>  suiting   from 

chloroform  administration  should  be  treated  by  lower- 
ing the  head,  artificial  respiration,  inhalation  of  nitrite 
of  amyl,  electrical  stimulation,  and  possibly  acupunc- 
ture of  the  heart.  Ethene  CHLORID,  formerly  called 
ethylene  chlorid,  Dutch  liquid,  chloric  ether,  closely  re- 
sembles chloroform,  but  is  le>s  of  a  cardiac  dep 
sant.  It  is  considered  safer  than  chloroform.  Death 
results  from  paralysis  of  the  respiratory  center-. 
ETHER,  by  inhalation,  i-  probably  the  safest  known 
agent  for  the  production  of  prolonged  narcosis.  Its 
action  is  directed  largely  to  the  nervous  system,  which 
becomes  profoundly  affected.  It  frequently  cau-rs 
spasmodic  action  and  suspension  of  respiratory  action. 
1  >eath  results  from  paralysis  of  respiration.  It  may 
be  administered  alone  or  in  combination  with  nitrous 
oxid  gas,  in  which  case  the  patient  i>  more  rapidly 
narcotized.      A  variety  of  inhalers  have  been  devised 


ANESTHETIC 


-ip 


ANESTHETIC 


for  its  administration,  as  follows:  Affix's  is  probably 
the  best  form  of  open  inhaler.  It  consists  of  a  metal 
frame,  so  arranged  that  a  flannel  bandage  can  be 
stretched  across  and  the  whole  surrounded  with  a 
leather  case,  which  acts  as  a  face  piece.  Clover' s port- 
able ether  inhaler  consists  of  a  dome-shaped  receptacle 
pierced  by  a  central  shaft  connecting  with  a  rubber 
bag  into  which  the  patient  breathes.  Moving  with  the 
face-piece  i-  a  metal  indicator  to  register  the  amount 
of  ether  admitted.  A  water  chamber  surrounds  the 
ether  vessel  to  regulate  the  temperature.  '/'he  Cone  is 
much  used  in  America.  A  towel  i-  folded  into  the 
shape  of  a  cone,  a  sponge  is  placed  at  the  apex,  and 
the  ether  poured  upon  tlii-.  Hewitt's  apparatus  may 
be  used  for  giving  gas  and  ether.  In  his  inhaler  the 
inspiratory  and  expiratory  valves  are  placed  in  a  little 
chamber  near  the  face  piece;  a  free  draught  of  air  is 
permitted.  Onnsl'v s  inhaler  consists  of  a  leather 
face  piece,  crowned  with  a  cone-shaped  wire  cage 
covered  with  leather  and  joined  to  a  soft  leather  I 
covered  by  a  loose  net  to  prevent  excessive  expansion. 
The  wire  cage  contains  a  sponge  on  which  the  ether 
is  poured.  Rendle  adds  to  a  cone  containing  a  flan- 
nel cap  a  mask  for  the  face.  Rectal  etherization  may 
be  resorted  to  in  operations  about  the  face  and  throat. 
The  ether  vapor  is  introduced  into  the  bowel,  the  pro- 
-  taking  longer  for  complete  anesthetization  than 
by  tile  usual  method.  E  rHIDENE  CHLORID  is  similar 
in  its  action  to  chloroform.  Patients  take  a  longer 
time  to  recover  consciousness  than  when  chloroform 
1-  used,  but  they  experience  fewer  after-effects,  and  re- 
cover  rapidly.  Anesthetization  occurs  in  three  to  five 
minute-.  HYDROBROMIC  Ether  [bromid  of  ethyl) 
produces  unconsciousness  and  anesthesia  in  one 
minute,  and  complete  muscular  relaxation  in  two  or 
three  minute-.  The  heart's  action  is  somewhat 
weakened.  Return  to  consciousness  after  withdrawal 
of  the  ether  i-  very  prompt.  It-  use  may  be  followed 
by  vomiting.  According  to  some  observers,  death  re- 
sist- from  cardiac  failure,  while  others  believe  it  kills 
by  direct  action  upon  the  respiratory  center.  It  is  best 
administered  by  an  Alii-  inhaler,  and  is  of  most  service 
in  minor  surgery  for  short  operations.  NITROUS  <  )XID, 
by  inhalation,  i-  much  used  by  dentists  for  extraction 
of  teeth.  The  symptoms  resemble  those  of  asphyxia, 
hence  it  i-  more  important  to  watch  the  respiration 
than  the  pulse.  It  may  be  employed  in  minor  surgical 
operations.  There  are  but  few  after-effects,  those 
most  often  observed  being  headache  and  malaise. 
/•ler/'s  method  of  administering  nitrous  oxid  consists 
in  giving  it  in  conjunction  with  oxygen  under  pres- 
sure; by  this  method  the  administration  maybe  pro- 
longed indefinitely.  Clover's  (las  and  Ether  Inhaler 
i-  intended  for  the  administration  of  a  mixture  of 
thi  se  anesthetics;  it  is  so  arranged  that  gas  can  be 
given  alone,  or  in  combination  with  the  ether. 
Hurt  n's  apparatus  i-  used  for  the  administration  of 
ga-  only,  and  possesses  a  special  contrivance  to  filter 
the  air.  Fontaine1  i  chamber  is  an  apparatus  devised 
to  keep  the  patient  under  an  atmospheric  pressure 
equal  to  20  inches  mercury,  so  that  the  vapor  inhaled 
would  be  50  per  cent,  ga-  and  50  per  cent,  air,  and 
asphyxia  thus  be  prevented.  The  employment  of 
supplemental  bags  has  been  advocated  by  Braine.  The 
patient  breathes  into  these  bags,  the  gas  supply  being 
turned  off  and  the  expiratory  valve  closed.  It  is 
claimed  that  this  method  produces  a  more  prolonged 
period  of  unconsciousness.  Various  accessory  instru- 
ments are  needed  in  the  use  of  gas,  such  as  gag-, 
mouth  opener-,  and  mouth  prop-,  spoons,  etc.  A., 
Local,  an  anesthetic  that,  locally  applied,  produces 
absence  of  sensation  in  the  organ  or  tissue  so  treated. 


ALCOHOL,  locally,  remove-  sensation  to  pain,  while 
tactile  sense  persists.  Cool  the  alcohol  to  about  io0 
below  the  freezing  point,  by  placing  it  in  ice  and  salt, 
and  place  the  part  to  be  numbed  in  it.  Bisi  LPHID 
of  Carbon,  bj  spray  or  irrigation,  has  a  disgusting 
odor,  and  is  a  powerful  poison.  CARBOLIC  Ann, 
painted  over  the  skin — its  action,  however,  is  caustic. 
CHLORETHYL,  in  vapor  form,  is  useful  in  minor  and 
dental  surgery.  Chlorid  of  Methyl,  (  1 1 ..<  '1,  al 
lowing  the  liquid  chlorid  to  drop  on  the  skin  or  mucous 
membrane.  I  nless  kept  carefully  under  control  the 
vitality  of  the  tissues  maybe  affected.  Co«  \i\  is 
used  in  subcutaneous  injection.-,  by  painting  over  mu- 
cous surfaces,  or  by  instillation  into  the  eye.  As  a 
paint  a  20  per  cent  solution  is  used,  weaker  prepara- 
tions being  of  little  value  over  cutaneous  surfaces  ; 
several  coats  are  necessary.  A  10  per  cent,  solution 
should  be  used  on  mucous  surfaces  ;  for  the  eye  a  4 
per  cent,  solution  will  answer,  and  this  solution  is 
strong  enough  when  cocain  is  employed  as  a  sprav. 
Hypodermatic-ally,  rnjj-v  of  a  10  to  20  per  cent. 
solution  are  usually  injected,  and  this  may  be  repeated 
two  or  three  time-  during  the  operation.  DRUMIN  is 
oxalate  of  lime  prepared  from  a  euphorbiaceous  plant. 
It  was  formerly  suggested  as  a  local  anesthetic,  but  has 
been  found  not  to  possess  anesthetic  properties. 
ETHER,  in  spray,  is  recommended  by  Dr.  B.  W. 
Richardson.  The  anesthesia  thus  produced  is  con- 
fined to  the  skin,  and  is  very  transient.  It  may  pro 
duce  a  slough  from  excessive  freezing.  FARADII 
Currents  were  formerly  used  by  dentists,  but  are  of 
no  value.  R.HIGOLENE,  in  spray,  its  use  being  similar 
to  that  of  ether.  A.  Mixtures  contain  combinations 
of  substances  for  producing  anesthesia.  The  follow- 
ing are  the  most  important :  A.  C.  E.  MIXTURE: — 
alcohol,  sp.  gr.  .838,  I  part;  chloroform,  sp.  gr.  1. 497, 
2  parts;  ether,  sp.  gr.  .735,  3  parts.  BlLLROTH's : 
— chloroform  3  parts,  alcohol  and  ether  each  I 
part.  It  is  best  administered  by  the  open  method. 
LlNHART'S  : — alcohol  1,  chloroform  4.  It  is  admin- 
istered similarly  to  chloroform.  MARTINDALE'S  :  — 
a  volumetric  mixture,  the  ingredients  of  which  evap- 
orate almost  uniformly  ;  it  consists  of  absolute  alcohol, 
sp.  gr.  .795,  one  volume ;  chloroform,  sp.  gr.  1. 498, 
two  volumes  ;  pure  ether,  sp.  gr.  .720,  three  volumes. 
Medico-Chirurgical  Society  ok  London  : — ether 
3,  chloroform  2,  alcohol  I.  METHYLENE,  or  Bl- 
CHLORID  OF  METHYLENE,  a  mixture  of  methylic 
alcohol  30  per  cent. ,  and  chloroform  70  per  cent.  The 
so-called  "Liquid of  Regnauld"  consisted  of  80  per 
cent,  chloroform,  20  per  cent,  methylic  alcohol. 
Methylene  is  not  much  used,  several  deaths  from  car- 
diac paralysis  having  occurred  from  its  employment. 
NUSSBAUM'S,  ether  3,  chloroform  1,  alcohol  1. 
RICHARDSON'S: — alcohol  2,  chloroform  2,  ether  3. 
SANFORD's  : — the  so-called  "  CHLORAMYL  "  is  a  mix- 
ture of  chloroform  and  amyl  nitrate  in  the  proportion  of 
two  drachms  of  the  nitrate  to  the  pound  of  chloro- 
form. It  is  a  dangerous  mixture,  both  drugs  depress- 
ing the  heart.  VIENNA  GENERAL  HOSPITAL  : — ether 
9,  chloroform  30,  alcohol  9.  VIENNA  MIXTURE;  — 
ether  3,  chloroform  I.  VON  MERING'S  : — chloroform 
one  volume,  dimethylacetal  two  volumes.  It  is  said 
to  produce  no  failure  of  respiration  or  heart,  and  no 
lowering  of  the  blood  pressure.  WachsmuTH'S  : — 
one-fifth  part  of  oil  of  turpentine  is  added  to  the 
chloroform.  It  is  said  to  prevent  any  danger  of  heart- 
failure.  * 

Various   methods   have   been   suggested  by  mean-  of 
which  the  influence  of  the  anesthetic  maybe  prolong 
or  its  dangers  and  sequeke  largely  averted.      1  h  ■  follow- 
ing are  the  most  important  :  —  I  >ASTR]    MORAT'S;  con- 


ANESTHETIC  "ISM 


81 


ANGEIO- 


sists  in  the  injection  of  I  or  1.5  c.c.  of  the  following 
mixture: — morph.  hydrochlor.  10  centigrm.,  atropin. 
sulph.  5  milligrm. ,  aq.  destill.  10  grms.  The  atropin 
is  said  to  lessen  the  after-sickness  and  abrogate  saliva- 
tion and  bronchial  secretion.  FoRNE'S: — the  prelimi- 
nary administration  of  chloral  before  using  chloroform, 
2  to  5  grams  an  hour  before.  KAPPELER'S: — a  com- 
bination of  chloral  hydrate  and  ether,  40  grains  of  the 
former.  The  duration  of  anesthesia  is  prolonged  and 
the  recovery  retarded,  but  the  after-effects  are  more 
marked.  NUSSBAUM'S: — injection  of  \  to  \  grain  of 
morphin  previous  to  the  administration  of  chloroform. 
Less  of  the  anesthetic  is  needed,  while  the  stupor  is 
prolonged;  vomiting  is  increased.  OBALINSKl'S:  — 
hypodermatic  injection  of  cocain,  2  to  5  centigram-, 
of  a  three  per  cent,  solution  during  chloroform  anes- 
thetization. Trelat'S: — administration  of  2  to  4^ 
grams  of  chloral  hydrate,  and  10  to  20  grams  of 
syrup  of  morphin  in  00  gram-,  of  water,  repeating  the 
dose  in  15  minutes,  and  following  by  chloroform  anes- 
thesia. 

Attempts  have  repeatedly  been  made  to  estimate 
the  comparative  safety  of  the  various  anesthetics  used 
for  the  production  of  general  anesthesia.  In  1879  the 
"GLASGOW  COMMITTEE  "  of  the  British  Medical  As- 
sociation concluded  in  favor  of  ether,  declaring  that 
chloroform  lowered  the  blood  tension  and  depressed 
the  action  of  the  heart.  In  1SS9  the  HYDERABAD 
COMMISSION  arrived  at  the  conclusion  that  chloroform 
produced  an  arrest  of  respiration  before  there  was  a 
stoppage  of  the  heart.  It  i>  thought,  however,  that 
the  climate — that  of  India — may  have  had  some  effect 
in  producing  this  result,  since  in  temperate  climates 
the  heart  usually  fails  before  there  is  a  depression  of 
respiration. 

Anestheticism  (an-es-tket'-is-iztri)  [avaioOT/roc,  insensi- 
ble].     The  quality  of  being  anesthetic. 

Anesthetization  [an-es-thet-iz-a' -shun)  [uva!adrjToc,  in- 
sensible].     The  process  of  rendering  insensible. 

Anesthetize  {an-es'-thet-'iz)  [avaladijTog,  insensible]. 
To  put  under  the  influence  of  an  anesthetic. 

Anesthetizer  (an'-es-thet-i-zer)  [avaiodr/roc;,  insensible]. 
(  >ne  who  administers  an  anesthetic. 

Anethol  (an'-eth-ol)  [ava,  up;  aiOecp,  to  burn;  oleum, 
oil],  C10H12O.  The  methyl  ether  of  anol ;  it  occurs  in 
ethereal  oils,  from  which  it  separates  in  the  cold  in  the 
form  of  white,  shining  scales,  melting  at  21°  and  boiling 
at  2320.  It  is  the  chief  constitutent  of  the  essential  oils 
of  anise  and  fennel.  It  is  employed  in  preparing  the 
Elixir  anethi,  N.  F. ,  being  more  fragrant  and  agree- 
able than  the  anise  oil. 

Anathum  (an-e'-thuni)  \hvrfiov,  anise :  gen.,  Anetki~\. 
Dill ;  the  dried  fruit  of  Peucedanum  graveolens,  indig- 
enous to  Southern  Europe.  Aromatic,  carminative, 
and  stimulant.  A.  Aqua  (B.  P.).  Dose  ,^i-ij.  A. 
Oleum  (B.  P.).     Dose  tr^  i-iv. 

Anetic  (an-et'-ik)  [averi/toc,  relaxing].  Soothing; 
calmative ;    anodyne. 

Anetiological  (an-e-te-o-loj' -ik-al)  \av  priv.  ;  airia, 
cause;  Adyog,  word].  Having  no  known  cause  ;  dys- 
teleological. 

Anetus  (an'-et-us)  [di'croe,  loosened].  Any  inter- 
mittent fever. 

Aneuria  (an-u' '-re-ah)  [a  priv.  ;  vevpov,  a  nerve  or 
fiber].      Lack  of  nervous  power  or  stimulus. 

Aneuric  (an-u'-rik)  [d  priv.  ;  vevpov,  a  nerve  or 
fiber].  Characterized  by  aneuria;  impairing  the 
nervous  activity. 

Aneurysm  [anf-u-rizvi)  [avevpvofia,  a  widening].     A 
tumor  consisting  of  a  dilated  artery,  or  communicat 
ing  with   an   artery.      In  the  early  stages   there   is    an 
expansile  pulsation   of   the  tumor  generally  associated 
6 


with  a  systolic  murmur  or  bruit.      In  the  later  stages 
the    laminated    coagulum   increases,   so  that   pulsation 
may  be  absent,  and  pressure  of  the  growing  aneurysm 
upon  the  adjacent  organs    may  give  rise  to  secondary 
troubles,   as  pain,    dyspnea,   dysphagia,    paralysis,  or 
spasm.      Inequality  in  the  pupils  follows  from  pressure 
on    the    sympathetic    in    thoracic  aneurysm.       Aneu- 
rysm maybe  caused  by  rupture,  wounding,  disease,  or 
weakness  of  the  arterial  walls,  or  by  increased  blood 
pressure  follow  ing  over-exertion.     Embolism  also  may 
be  a  cause;  gout  and  alcoholism  act   as  predisposing 
cause--.      Cardiac  dilatation  is  sometimes  spoken  of  as 
aneurysm    of    the    heart.      A.,    Abdominal,    oni 
the  abdominal   aorta.      A.  by  Anastomosis,  a   dila- 
tation of   a    large  number   of  vessels — small    arteries, 
veins,  and  capillaries — the  whole    forming  a  pulsating 
tumor  under  the  skin.       1  his   form  of  aneurysm   is  es- 
pecially seen    upon  the  scalp.     A.,  Arterio-venous, 
the  formation  of  an  abnormal  communication  between 
an  artery  and  a  vein.      If  the  communication  is  direct 
it  is  termed  aneurysmal  varix,  but  when   there    is   an 
intervening  sac  it  is  called  a  varicose  aneurysm.      A., 
Berard's,  a  varicose   aneurysm  with   the   sac   in   the 
ti.-^ues  immediately  around  the   vein.     A.,  Cirsoid,  a 
tortuous    lengthening    and   dilatation    of  a  part  of   an 
artery.      A.,  Compound,  one  in  which  one  or  several 
of  the  coals  of  the   artery  are  ruptured  and  the  others 
merely  dilated.   A. .Consecutive,  or  Diffused,  follow.-, 
rupture  of  all  the  arterial  coats  with  infiltration  of  sur- 
rounding  tissues.      A.,  Dissecting,   when    the   blood 
forces  its  way  between  the  media  and  adventitia.       A., 
Ectatic,  an   expansion  of  a   portion  of  an   artery  due 
to  yielding  of  all  the  coats.      It    is    merely  a  dilatation 
of    the   vessel.     A.,    Endogenous,    one   formed   by 
disease  of  the  vessel  walls.     A.,  Exogenous,  one  due 
to    traumatism.       A.,    False,    or    Spurious,    one    in 
which   there  has   occurred   a  rupture  of  all   the  coat-. 
and  the  effused  blood   is    retained   by  the  surrounding 
tissues.      A.,   Fusiform,  a    spindle  shaped    dilatation 
of  the  artery.      A.,   Medical,  an   internal   aneurysm  ; 
i.  t\ ,  one    situated    within   the   thoracic   or  abdominal 
cavity.      A.,  Mixed.     See  A.,  Compound.      A.,  Sac- 
culated, a  sac-like  dilatation  of  an  artery  communi- 
cating with  the  main  arterial  trunk  by  an  opening  that 
may  be  relatively  large  or  small.     A.,  Park's,  a  variety 
of  arterio-venous  aneurysm  in  which  the  arterial  dila- 
tation communicates  with  two  contiguous  veins.      A., 
Pott's.       Same   as    Aneurysmal    Varix.      A.,    Rod- 
rigues's.  a  varicose  aneurysm  in  which  the  sac  is  im- 
mediately contiguous   to  the  artery.      A.,   Spurious. 
See  A. ,  False.    A.,  Verminous,  one  containing  hema- 
tozoa. 
Aneurysmal  [an-u-riz' '-mat)   [avevpvaua,  a  widening]. 
Of  the  nature  of  or  pertaining  to  an  aneurysm.       A. 
Varix.      See  Aneurysm. 
Aneurysmatic  (an-u-riz-mat'  -ik)  [avevpwfia,  a  widen- 
ing].     Affected  with  or  of  the  nature  of  aneurysm. 
Aneuthanasia  [an-u-than-a '-ze-ah\  [d  priv.  ;  evdavaoia, 

an  easy  death].      A  painful  or  difficult  death. 
Anfract  (aii'-frafct)  [anfractus,  a  winding].    An  anfrac- 
tuosity  or  sinuosity  ;   an  anfractuous  organ  or  structure. 
Anfractuose    [an-jfrak' -tu-os)    [anfractus,  a  winding]. 
In  biology,  bent  back  and   forth,  winding,  as   certain 
5t aniens,  or  the  brain  fissures. 
Anfractuosity  (an-frak-tu-os'-it-e')  [anfractus,  a  bend- 
ing round].      Any  one  of  the  furrows  or  sulci  between 
the  cerebral  convolutions. 
Anfractuous    [an-frak' '-lu-us)    [anfractus,    a    bending 
round].       Characterized    by    windings    and    turnings; 
sinuous. 
Angeiectasis  {an-je-ek'-tas-is).     See  Angiectasis. 
Angeio-  [anr-j  -o).      See  Angio-. 


W,l   I   !■      At   ID 


B2 


A.NGK  >\n  ilk 


Angelic  Acid  See    /  id. 

Angelica  ¥-ik-ah)  [L.l.     The  seeds  and  root  of 

Kcinalis  and  other  species.  An  aro 
made  stimulant  and  emmenagogue.  Dosi  "t  the  fid. 
ext. :   Seeds  IT^  v— x  j   ro,>t   -  --  j.      Unof. 

Angel's   Wing  A   deformit)   of   the 

scapula  in  which  it  turns  forward  and  dun  backward, 
giving  the  shoulder  a   peculiar  dorsal   bulge,  as  in  a 
ilii  ide  chest. 

Anger's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table 

Angiectasis  ian-je-ek'-tas-is)   [ay  blood-vessel; 

.  dilatation].      Abnormal  dilatation  of  a  vi  - 
as  in  aneurysm,  etc.  ;  enlargement  of  capillaries. 

Angiectopia    [an-je-ek-to^-pe-ah)     [u,  .    a    vessel; 

•laced].      Displacement  or  abnormal  posi 
tion  of  a  « es 

Angielcus,  or  Angeielcus  [an-je-el' -kus)   [a; 

vessel;  ifacog,  an  ulcer].  An  ulcer  in  the  walls  of  a 
vessel. 

Angiemphraxis  [an-je-em-Jraks' -is)  [ayyelov,  a  vessel; 
,  obstruction].     <  Obstruction  of  a  vessel,  or  of 
vessels. 

Angiitis,  or  Angeiitis  {an-je-if -tis)   [ayyelov,  a  ves 
-    .  inflammation].      Inflammation  of  a  lymph  vessel 
or  blood  v  essi  I. 

Angina  [an'-jin-ah  or  an-ji'-nah)  [angere,  to  stran- 
gle]. A  sense  of  choking  or  suffocation,  a  symptom 
of  inflammatory  affections  of  the  pharynx.  It  is 
synonymous  with  Cynanche.  A.  acuta  or  simplex, 
simple  sore-throat.  A.  externa.  Synonym  of 
Mump.;.  A.,  Hogskin.  Synonym  of  Diphtheria. 
A.  laryngea.  Synonym  of  Laryngitis.  A.  lin- 
gualis.  Same  as  Glossitis.  A.,  Ludwig's,  acute 
suppurative  inflammation  of  the  connective  tissue  sur- 
rounding the  submaxillary  gland.  A.  membranacea. 
Synonym  of  Croup.  A.  parotidea,  the  mumps,  or 
•otitis,  i/.  v.  A.  pectoris,  a  paroxysmal  neurosis 
with  intense  pain  and  oppression  about  the  heart.  It 
usually  occurs  in  the  male  after  forty  years  of  age,  and 
is  generally  associated  with  diseased  conditions  of  the 
heart  and  aorta.  There  is  a  sense  of  impending 
death,  and  frequently  there  is  a  fatal  termination.  A. 
pectoris-vasomotoria,  a  term  given  by  Xothnagel 
and  Landois  to  an  angina  a  1   with  vaso-motor 

disturbances,  coldness  of  the  surface,  etc.,  but  never 
resulting  fatally.  A.,  Pseudo-,  is  a  neurosis  occurring 
in  young  anemic  females,  characterized  l>v  a  less  grave 
set  of  symptoms  and  never  resulting  fatally.  A. 
simplex.  See  A.  acuta.  A.  tonsillaris,  Quinsy,  q.  v. 
A.  trachealis,  the  Croup,  </.  v.  A.  ulcero-mem- 
branous.      See   Tonsillitis,  herpetic. 

Anginoid    {an' '-jin-oid)    [anger,  ,    to    strangle].       Re- 
sembling angina. 

Angioasthenia  [an-j'e-o-as-the/-ne-ah)  [a]  yelov,  a  vessel; 
aodeveia,  weakness].     Atony  of  the  blood-vessels. 

Angiocarditis    [an-je-o-kar-di' '-tis)   [a  a    Mood 

)S'ta,  the  heart;  trig,  inflammation].  \.n 
inflammation  of  the  heart  and  blood-vessels  (hypothet- 
ical). 

Angiocarpous    [an* ' -je-o-kar-pus)    [ayyelov,    a    vessel; 

-<"  ,  fruit].      In   biology,  having  the  fruit   invested 

with    a  distinct  covering  or  husk;    having    a    closed 

apothecium ;   having   the    hymeniuin    inclosed    by  the 

sporocarp. 

Angiochalasis,  or  Angeiochalasis   [an-je-o-kaV 
[ayyelov,   a  vessel;    xdXaoig,  relaxation].      Dilatation 
or  relaxation  of  the  blood  vessels. 

Angiocholitis     (an-ji  o-ko-W '-tis)    [&;  i    vessel; 

KD~A.ii,  bile;  trig,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the 
biliary  dint-. 

Angioderma   pigmenotosum    [an-je-o-der* -mah    pi\r- 
men-to'-sum).      See  Atrophoderm 


Angiodiastasis  di-as* -tas-is)  [ay]    "..a vessel; 

Lseparation],  i.  Displacement  or  dilatation 
of  a  vessel.  J.  Retraction  of  the  severed  ends  of  a 
Mood  vessel. 

Angioembolus   {an-je-o-emf -bo-lus)   [ayyelov,  a  vessel; 
loXoc,  anything  thrown  in].      A   plug  (as    of  clotted 
bio,  id  i  in  a  vessel, 

Angiogenesis  {an-je-o-jen' -es-is).     See  Angiogeny. 

Angiogeny  |  ■         I  el;   yew6- 

eiv,  to  produce].     The  development  of  the  vessels. 

Angioglioma  {an-je-o-gli-of-mah)  [ayyelov,  a  vessel; 
yXia,  glue;  b/m,  a  tumor:  pi.,  Angiogliomatdj.  A 
gliomatous  vascular  tumor  of  the  spinal  cord 

Angiograph  {an' -je-o-graf)  [ayyelov,  a  vessel;   yp> 
to  write]       A  form  of  sphygmograph  invented  by  Lan- 
dois. 

Angiography  [an-je-og* -ra-fe)  [ayyelov,  a  vessel; 
ypatyi,  a  writing].  A  description  of  the  vessel-; 
angiolog] 

Angiohemothrombus  {an-je-o-hem-o-throm' -bus)  [<i;  - 
yelov,  a  vessel;  alua,  blood;  0p6fi(3or,  thrombus].  A 
clot  in  a  blood-vessel. 

Angiohydrology  (an-je-o-ki-drolr-o-je)  [ayyelov,  a  ves 
sel ;  i  ('(,//),  water;  7i6yoe,  science].  The  science  of 
the  lymphatic  vessels,  their  contents,  etc. 

Angiokeratoma  [an-je-o-ker-at-o' -mah)  [ayyelov,  a  ves- 
sel; hifiac,  horn;  bua,  tumor].  Lymphangiectasis ; 
Telangiectic  warts;  a  very  ran-  disease  of  the  ex- 
tremities characterized  by  warty  looking  growths  that 
develop  on  dilated  vessels  in  persons  with  chilblain, 
etc.  Dark  spots  the  size  of  pins'  points  or  pins' 
heads,  evidently  vascular,  develop  as  an  attack  of 
chilblains  is  subsiding.  The  disease  is  peculiai  to 
childhood,  and  especially  occurs  in  females. 

Angioleucitis     [an-je-o-lu-si' -tis)     [ayyelov,    a    v< 
Hevabg,  white;   trig,  inllanimation].     Inflammation  of 
the  lymphatic   vessels. 

Angiolithic  (an-je-o-lith' '-ik)  [ayyelov,  a  vessel;  ><';'», 
a  stone].  Literally,  a  qualification  applied  to  a  vascu- 
lar and  crystalline  formation.  Practically  applied  to 
neoplasms  in  which  crystalline  or  mineral  deposit-  take 
place,  with  hyaline  degeneration  of  the  coats  of  the 
vessels. 

Angiology  [an-je-ol' -o-je)  [ayyelov,  a  vessel;  \6yog, 
science].  The  science  of  the  blood-vessels  and  lym- 
phatics. 

Angiolymphitis  (an-je-o-limf-i' -tis)   [ayyelov,  a  vessel; 
lympha,  lymph;    trig,   inflammation].     Same  as  An 
gioleucitis. 

Angiolymphoma  {an-je-o-limf-of -mah  )  [a; ;  i  van-,  a  ves- 
sel; lympha,  water;  bua,  tumor:  pi. ,  Angiolympho- 
mata~\.      A  tumor  formed  of  lymphatic  vessels. 

Angioma    [an-je-o' '-mah)   [ayyelov,  a   vessel;     bfia,   a 
tumor:  pi. ,  Angiomata\.     A  tumor  formed  of  blood- 
vessels.      Called  also    Erectile  or    Vascular    Tumor. 
A.,  Cavernous,  with  communicating  alveolar  spa 
S,-e   Varix,  Cirsoid.     Capillary  and  venous  angiomata 
are    called    Nevi,  or    Mothers'    Marks.       A.,    Cystic. 
Synonym  of  Lymphangioma  circumscriptum.    A.,  In- 
fective.     See  A.   serpiginosum.     A.  pigmentosum 
atrophicum.       See     Xeroderma    pigmentosum.      A. 
serpiginosum,     infective     angioma;      nevus     lupus; 
a  very  rare  disease  of  the  skin  in  which  minute  vascu 
lar  points  are    formed    in    rings   or  other  groups,  that 
read  at   thi   borders,  while  fresh  points  are  continu 
ally  developing  beyond  them.     The  points  look  like 
grain-  -  Qe  pepper.      It  occurs   usually  in  girls, 

but  its  etiology  and  pathology  are  unknown. 

Angiomalacia  [an-je-o-mal-a' '-se-ah)  [ayyelov,  a  ves- 
sel  ;    uii'/ai.ni,  a  softening].     Softening  of  the   bl< 

■'I-. 

Angiometer  [an-je-om* '-et-er).     See  Sphygmograph. 


ANGN  >MON<  »SPERM( 


R3 


ANGLE 


Angiomonospermous    (a//  j   o  mon  o-sper'-mus)    [<i; 

yeiov,  a  vessel ;  //('nor,  alone;  oireppa,   seed].      In  bi 

ology,  producing  seeds  within  a  closed  ovary. 
Angiomyoma,  or  Angimyoma  [an  je-o  mi  <■'  mah  or 

an-je-mi-o' -mah)    [ayyeiov,  a  vessel;    uvg,  a  muscle; 

6/ia,  a  tumor:  pi. ,  Angiomyomata~\.     A   vascular  and 

erectile  muscular  tumor. 
Angioneoplasm  [an-  je-o-ne/-o-plazm).     v 

plasma. 
Angioneoplasma   [an-je-o-ne-o-pldz' -mah)   [ayyeiov,  a 

vessel;   we«Jc,  new;   -'/noun,  moulded  substance:  //., 

Angioneoplasmata\     A  neoplasm  made  up  of  blood 

vessels  or  lymph-vessels. 
Angioneurosin     [an-je-o-nu'-ro-sin).        Synonym    of 

Nitroglycerin. 
Angioneurosis    [an-je-o-nu-ro'-sts)    [ayyeiov,  a  vessel; 

vevpov,  a  nerve].      A  neurosis  of  the  blood  vessels;    a 

disturbance  of  the  vasomotor  system, — a  symptom  of 

many  diseases. 
Angio-neurotic  [an-je-o-nu-rof -ik)  [ayyeiov,  a  vessel; 

vevpov,  a  nerve].       Pertaining   to   angioneurosis.      A. 

Edema,  a  swelling,  with  associated  symptoms,  proba 

bly  due  to  vaso-motor  lesion. 
Angionoma   [an-je-on' -o-mah)   [ayyeiov,  a  vessel;. 

ulcer].      Ulceration  of  a  vessel. 
Angioparalysis  [an-je-o-pai '-al'-is-is)  [a  .  a  vessel ; 

irapa?  vetv,  to  disable  on  one  side].  Vaso-motor  paralysis. 
Angioparalytic  [an-je-o-par-al-iP -ik)  [<r  yelov,  a  vessel ; 

wapakvt  ..  to  disable  on   one  side].      Relating   to  or 

characterized  by  angioparalysis. 
Angioparesis    [an-je-o-par1 '-es-is)    [ayyeiov,    a    vessel; 

napeoig,  a  letting  go].       Paresis  or  partial  paralysis  of 

the  vaso-motor  apparatus. 
Angiopathy  [an-je-op1 '-a-the)  [ayyeiov,  a  vessel ;  —ddog, 

disease].     Any  disease  of  the  vascular  system. 
Angioplania   [an-je-o-pla' '-ne-ah)    [ayyeiov,    a    ves-el ; 

Tr'/Avy,  a  wandering].       Irregularity  or  abnormality  in 

the  course  of  a  vessel. 
Angioplastic  [an-je-o-plas'-tik).     See  Vasifactive. 
Angiorrhagia    or    Angeiorrhagia     [an-je-or-a' -je-ah) 

[();  ;  etov,  a  vessel ;   pi/}  virvat,  break].      Bleeding  from  a 

vessel. 
Angiorrhea  [an-je-or-e' '-ah)  [</;  yelov,  a  vessel ;  pen.  to 

how].      An  oozing  of  blood. 
Angiorrhexis     [an-je-o-reks' -is)     [ayyeiov,    a     vessel; 

pi'iiig,  a  bursting].      Rupture  of  a  blood-vessel. 
Angiosarcoma  [an-je-o-sar-ko' -mah)  [ayyeiov,  a  vessel ; 

odpi;,   flesh;  bua,  a  tumor:  pi. ,  Angiosarcomatal.     A 

vascular  sarcoma. 
Angiosarcomatous    [an-je-o-sar-ko' -mat-us)    [ayyeiov, 

a  vessel;    adpi,  flesh;   b/ua,  a  tumor].      Of  the  nature 

of  or  affected  with  angiosarcoma. 
Angioscope  {an'-je-o-skop)  [ayyeiov,  a  vessel ;  mcoirelv, 

to  inspect].     An  instrument  for  examining  the  capillary 

vessels. 
Angiosialitis    [an-je-o-si-al-i'-tis)    [ayyeiov,    a    vessel; 

om'/ov,  saliva ;   irtf,   inflammation].      Inflammation  of 

the  duct  of  a  salivary  gland. 
Angiosis  [an-je-o' -sis)  [ayyeiov,  a  vessel].    Any  disease 

of  blood-vessels  or  lymphatics. 
Angiospasm     [an' ' -je-o-spazm)      [ayyeiov,     a     vessel; 

G-aaiior,  a   spasm].      A    convulsive    neurosis    of  the 

blood-vessels  ;    a  vaso-motor  spasm. 
Angiospastic     [an-je-o-spas'-tik)     [ayyeiov,     a    vessel; 

a-aauor,  spasm].      Characterized  by  or  of  the  nature 

of  angiospasm. 
Angiosperm  [an' ' -je-o-sperm)  [a;  ye'urv,  a  vessel ;  cnrip/ia, 

seed].     In  biology,  a  plant  the  seeds  of  which  are  pro- 
duced within  a  closed  vessel. 
Angiosporous    [an-je-os' '-po-rus)     [ayyeiov,    a    vessel; 

a-opor,  a  seed].      In  biology,  producing  spores  or  asci 

within  a  hollow  receptacle,  said  of  fungi. 


Angiostegnosis  iatije-o-steg-no'  -sis)  [ayyeiov,  a  ve-->  1  ; 
OTryvuoig,  stoppage].  Stoppage  or  constriction  of  a 
\-f  ssel. 

Angiostegnotic  [an  je-o  ileg  not*  ik)  |  ssel  ; 

i  r,  stoppage].     Relating  to  angiostegno 
tringent;  causing  contraction  of  blood-vessels. 

Angiostenosis   [an  ■   ''-sis)   [a]  i    vessel; 

artvcMTig,  a  straitening],     '  onstriction  or  narrowing  of 
a  \  essel. 

Angiostomatous    [an  je-o   /■'  mat  us)   [ayyeiov,  a 
sel  ;   GTopa,  mouth].       In   biology,   having  the   mouth 
or  opening  narrow  or  not  dilatable. 

Angiostrophe     [an-je-os' -tro-fe)     [ayyeiov,    a     ves 
oTpooij,  twist].     Torsion  of  a  vessel,  a.^  for  the  control 
of  hemorrhage. 

Angiotasis    [an-je-ot'-as-is)   \  .   a  vessel;    raaig, 

tension].      The  tension  of  the  vessels. 

Angiotatic  [an-je-ot-af '-ik)  [ayyeiov,  a  vessel;  raaig, 
tension].      Relating  to  angiotasis. 

Angiotelectasia  [an-je-o-tel-ek-ta' '-zc-ah)  [ayyeio 

sel;   r«Aoc,   end;   eicraaig,  dilatation].       Dilatation   of 
capillary  vessels. 

Angiotomy  [an-je-of -o-me)  [ayyeiov,  a  vessel;  rd/ty,  a 
cutting].       The  incision  or  dissection  of  a  vessel. 

Angle  [ang'-gl)  or  Angulus  [ang* -gu-lus)  [angulu  . 
an  angle].  The  degree  of  divergence  of  two  lines 
that  meet  each  other;  the  space  between  two  such 
lines.  A.  a.,  that  one  of  Lissauer's  angles  between 
the  radius  fixus  and  a  line  joining  the  alveolar  and 
subnasal  points.  A.  of  Aberration.  See  ./.  of  1> 
viation.  A.,  Ackermann's,  certain  angles,  character- 
istic of  kyphosis,  which  mark  the  base  of  the  skull  in 
( ases  of  encephalocele  and  hydrocephalus ;  for 
ample,  the  occipito-sphenoidal  angle  is  abnormally 
sharp.  A.,  Acromial,  that  formed  between  the  head 
of  the  humerus  and  the  clavicle.  A.,  Alpha.  I.  In 
optics,  that  formed  by  the  intersection  of  the  visual 
line  and  optic  axis.  2.  In  craniometry,  that  one  of 
Lissauer's  angles  between  the  radius  fixus  and  a  line 
joining  the  hormion  and  subnasal  point.  A.,  Al- 
veolar, that  formed  between  a  line  passing  through  a 
spot  beneath  the  nasal  spine  and  the  most  prominent 
1 1.  >int  of  the  lower  edge  of  the  alveolar  process  of  the 
superior  maxilla  and  the  cephalic  horizontal  line. 
A.,  Alveolo-condylar.  See  A.,  Orbito-alveolo- 
dylar.  A.,  Anterior  (of  Ilium).  See  .  /.,  External  [of 
Ilium).  A.,  Anterior  (of  Scapula).  See  A., 
vical  [of  Scapula).  A.,  Anterior  Parietal.  See 
A.,  Parietal  [of  Quatrefages).  A..  Antero-external 
(of  Ischium),  in  veterinary  anatomy,  the  posterior 
extremity  of  the  supracotyloid  crest.  A.,  Antero- 
internal  iof  Ischium  i,  in  veterinary  anatomy,  the 
portion  of  the  ischium  that  helps  to  close  the  obtu- 
rator foramen  inwardly.  A.  of  Aperture,  in  optics, 
that  included  between  two  lines  joining  the  oppo- 
site  points  of  the  periphery  of  a  lens  and  the  focus. 
A..  Auricular,  in  craniometry,  those  cephalic  angles 
having  their  apices  at  Broca's  auricular  point.  A.. 
Auriculo-cranial,  in  craniometry,  the  auricular  an 
whose  sides  pass  through  the  cranium.  A.,  Auriculo- 
facial,  in  craniometry,  those  auricular  angle.-  v. 
sides  pass  through  the  face.  A.,  Auriculo-frontal. 
See  A.,  Frontal.  A.,  Auriculo-occipital,  in  cranio- 
metry, the  combined  sub-occipital  and  supra-occipital 
angle.-.  A.,  Auriculo-parietal.  See  ./.,  Parietal 
Broca).  A.  b.,  that  one  of  Lissauer's  angle-  in- 
cluded between  the  radius  rixus  and  a  line  joining  the 
bregma  and  nasion.  A..  Barclay's.  See  ./..  Urifa- 
cial.  A.,  Basifacial,  in  craniometry,  that  betw 
the  basi-cranial  and  basifacial  axes.  A.,  Basilar,  in 
craniometry,  that  between  the  naso-basilar  and  basi- 
alveolar  lines.     A.,  Beta,  that  one  of  Lissauer's  angles 


am;i  i: 


-i 


ANG1  I 


included  between  the  radius  fixus  and  a  line  joining 
the  hormion  and  bregma.  A.,  Bi-orbital.  in  optic  -, 
that  formed  by  the  intersection  of  the  axes  of  tin- 
orbit-.  A.,  Broca's  See  ./.,  Facial,  A.,  Occipital, 
ami./...'  A.  c,  that  one  of  Lissauer's  angles 

included  between  the  radius  fixus  and  a  line  joining 
the  lambda  and  opisthion.  A.,  Camper's.  Sec./., 
Facial,  and  A.,  Maxillary.  A.,  Carpal,  in  biology, 
the  bend  of  the  wing.  A.,  Cephalic,  in  craniom 
etry,  a  general  term  for  the  cranial  and  facial  angles. 
A.,  Cerebellar.  See  A.,  .  n'tal.     A.,  Cerebral, 

i.  In  craniometry,  that  formed  b)  the  frontal,  Broca's 
parietal,  and  the  supra-occipital  angles.  2.  See  ./. 
of  Segond.  A.,  Cervical  iof  Scapula),  in  veterin- 
ary anatomy,  the  point  of  union  >>i  the  anterior  and 
superior  borders  of  the  scapula.  A.,  Chi,  that  one 
of  Lissauer's  angles  included  between  two  line>  run- 
ning from  the  hormion  to  the  basion  and  staphylion. 
A.,  Cloquet*s.  See  A.,  Facial.  A.,  Condylar,  that 
between  the  planes  of  the  basilar  groove  and  the  occi- 
pital foramen.  A.,  Co-orbital,  in  craniometry,  that 
formed  by  the  crossing  of  the  anatomical  plane  of  the 
head  by  the  bi-orbital  plane.  A.,  Coracoscapular, 
in  biology,  that  between  the  axes  of  the  coracoid 
and  scapula.  A.,  Coronofacial  (of  Gratiolet),  in 
craniometry,  the  angle  that  the  facial  line  of  Cam- 
per forms  with  the  plane  passing  through  the  coronal 
suture.  A.,  Costal.  See  A.,  Subcostal.  A.,  Coty- 
loid, in  veterinary  anatomy,  the  portion  of  the  ilium 
included  between  the  cotyloid  foramen  anil  the  supra- 
cotyloid  crest.  A.,  Cotyloidean.  See  .-/. ,  Antero- 
external  [of  Ischium).  A.,  Cranial,  in  craniometry, 
angles  corresponding  to  the  auricular  angles,  but  having 
their  apices  at  the  anterior  border  of  the  occipital  fora- 
men. A.,  Craniofacial  (of  Ecker).  See^.,  Meta- 
facial.  A.,  Craniofacial  1  of  Huxley  1,  in  craniometry. 
that  formed  at  the  middle  of  the  anterior  border  of 
the  jugum  sphenoidale  by  lines  drawn  from  the  basion 
and  nasal  spine.  A..  Critical,  that  made  by  a  beam 
of  light  passing  from  a  rarer  to  a  denser  medium,  with 
the  perpendicular,  without  being  entirely  reflected. 
A.  of  Cuvier.  See  .-/.,  Facial.  A.  of  Daubenton. 
A.,  Occipital.  A.,  Deschamps's.  See  A.,  Inio- 
facial.  A.  of  Deviation.  1.  In  botany,  that  formed 
by  a  leaf,  branch,  or  root  with  the  axis  upon  which 
it  is  borne.  2.  In  magnetism,  the  angle  traversed 
by  the  needle  when  disturbed  bysome  magnetic  force. 
}.  In  optic-.,  that  formed  by  a  refracted  ray  and  the  pro 
longation  of  the  incident  ray.  A.  of  Divergence,  in 
botany,  that  formed  between  succeeding  organs  in  the 
same  spiral  or  whorl.  A.,  Dorsal  (of  Scapula),  in 
veterinary  anatomy,  the  junction  of  the  superior  and 
posterior  borders  of  the  scapula.  A.  of  Durer.  See 
A.,  Facial.  A.,  Ecker's.  See  A. .  Sphenoidal  and  A. , 
Craniofacial.  A.  of  Elevation,  in  optics,  that  made 
by  the  visual  plain;  with  its  primary  position  when  moved 
upward  or  downward.  A.,  Ephippial  (Welcker's). 
See  ./.,  Sphenoidal.  A.,  Ethmocranial.  See  A. , 
Olfactory.  A.,  External  (of  Ilium),  in  veterinary 
anatomy,  the  anterior  superior  spine  of  the  ilium. 
A..  External  (of  Mulder),  in  craniometry,  that  pro- 
duced by  the  junction  of  Camper's  line  and  a  line 
joining  tin-  basi-occipital  bone  and  tin-  nasion.  A., 
External  (of  Pubes),  in  veterinary  anatomy,  the  por- 
tion of  the  pubic  bone  constituting  the  chief  part  of 
the  cotyloid  cavity.  A.  of  the  Eye.  See  Can  thus. 
A.  f.,  that  one  of  Lissaui  les  included  between 

the  radius  fixus  and  a  line  joining  the   inion  and   o] 
thion.      A.,   Facial    (of   Broca).      See    .-/. ,    Ophryo- 
spinal  Facial.      A.,  Facial   (of  Camper),  in  cranio- 
m<  try,  that  between  the  facial  line  of  Camper  and  the 
line  drawn  through  the  auricular  and  subnasal   points. 


A.,  Facial  (of  Cloquet),  in  craniometry,  that  be- 
tween the  line  drawn  through  the  ophrvon  and  the 
alveolar  point  and  the  auricular  alveolar  line.  A., 
Facial  (of  Cuvier).  See  ./.,  Facial  [of  Geoffrey 
St.  Hilaire).  A.,  Facial  tof  Durer),  in  crani- 
ometry, that  forme. I  by  a  line  tangent  to  the  brow  and 
the  lobule  ol  the  UOSe  and  a  line  joining  I  he  lobe  of  the 
ear  and  the  lower  part  of  the  nasal  septum.  A., 
Facial  (of  Jacquart),  in  craniometry,  that  between 
the  line  joining  the  subnasal  point  and  the  glabella  and 
the  line  joining  the  subnasal  and  auricular  points. 
A.,  Facial  (of  Segond).  See  A.  of  Segond.  A., 
Facial  (of  Geoffroy  St.  Hilaire),  in  craniometry, 
that  between  the  facial  line  of  Camper  and  the  line 
joining  tin-  auricular  point  and  the  edge  of  the  incisors. 
A.,  Facial  (of  Topinard.)  See  A.,  Ophryo-spinal 
Facial.  A.,  Facial  (of  Virchow  and  Holder),  in 
craniometry,  that  formed  by  the  union  of  a  line  joining 
the  naso-frontal  suture  and  the  most  prominent  point 
of  the  lower  edge  of  the  superior  alveolar  processes, 
and  a  line  joining  the  superior  border  of  the  external 
auditory  meatus  and  the  lower  border  of  the  orbit. 
A.,  Fick's,  in  craniometry,  one  formed  by  the  inter- 
section of  the  basilar  groove,  and  a  line  joining  the 
symphysis  menti  and  the  basion.  A.,  Frontal,  in 
craniometry,  one  formed  by  lines  joining  the  auricular 
point  and  the  ophrvon  and  bregma.  In  ornithology, 
that  formed  between  the  forehead  and  the  upper  mar- 
gin of  the  beak.  A.,  Frontal  (of  Lissauer),  that 
one  included  between  lines  joining  the  metopion  and 
the  bregma  and  nasion.  A.,  Fronto-glabellar,  the 
degree  of  inclination  of  the  forehead.  A.,  Gamma, 
in  optics,  that  formed  at  the  center  of  rotation  of  the 
eyes  by  the  optic  and  visual  axes.  A.,  Genal,  in 
biology,  the  posterior  angle  of  the  movable  gena  of 
trilobites.  A.,  Gratiolet's.  See  A. ,  Coronofacial. 
A.,  Humeral  (of  the  Scapula),  in  veterinary  anat- 
omy, a  name  given  to  the  head  of  the  shoulder  blade. 
A.,  Huxley's.  See  A. ,  Craniofacial.  A.  i.,  that  one 
of  Lissauer's  angles  included  between  the  radius  fixus 
and  a  line  joining  the  posterior  border  of  the  incisor 
foramen  and  the  alveolar  point.  A.,  Ilio-ischial, 
that  between  the  ischium  and  the  cotylo-sacral  rib  of 
the  ilium.  A.,  Ilio-pubic,  in  veterinary  anatomy, 
that  existing  between  the  ilium  and  pubes.  A.,  Ilio- 
vertebral,  that  existing  between  the  iliac  bones  and 
the  spinal  column.  A.  of  Incidence,  in  optics,  the 
angle  at  which  a  ray  of  light  strikes  a  denser  medium 
and  undergoes  reflection  or  refraction.  A.  of  Incli- 
nation (of  Pelvic  Canal),  in  obstetrics,  that  formed 
by  the  anterior  wail  of  the  pelvis  with  the  conjugate 
diameter.  A.  of  Inclination  (of  Pelvis),  in  obstet- 
rics, that  formed  by  the  pelvis  with  the  general  line 
of  the  trunk,  or  that  formed  by  the  plane  of  the  infe- 
rior strait  with  tin  horizon.  A.,  Inferior  (of  Scapu- 
la). See  A.,  Humeral.  A.  of  Inflexion,  in  veter- 
inary anatomy,  that  formed  b\  tin  cpiarterof  the  hoof 
of  a  soliped  with  the  commencement  ol  the  bar.  A., 
Inio-facial,  in  craniometry,  Deschamps's  modifica- 
tion of  Camper's  line.  It  is  the  angle  included  be- 
tween the  two  lines  extending  from  the  inion  to  the 
glabella  and  from  the  inion  to  the  symphysis  of  the 
chin.  A.,  Internal  (of  Ilium),  in  veterinary  anat- 
omy, the  posterior  superior  spine  of  the  ilium.  A., 
Internal  (of  Pubes),  in  veterinary  anatomy,  fhi 
name  for  the  angle  of  the  pubes.  A.,  Internal  (of 
Waltheri.  in  craniometry,  that  included  between  a 
line  joining  tin-  glabella  and  the  nasion  and  another 
froiniln  occipital  protuberance  to  the  crista galli.  A., 
Interradial,  in  biology,  that  formed  in  the  star-fish 
by  the  coming  together  ol  tin-  lateral  walls  of  two 
adjai  ent  ambulacral  grooves.    A.  of  the  Ischio-pubic 


ANGLE 


85 


ANG1  I 


Arch,  that  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  ischio-pubic 
rami.  A.  of  Jacquart.  See  A. ,  Facial.  A.  of 
Jaw,  the  junction  of  the  lower  border  of  the  ramu 
the  mandible  with  its  posterior  border.  A.  of  Land- 
zert,  that  formed  by  the  plane  of  the  basilar  groove 
and  the  horizontal  line  of  the  jugum  sphenoidale. 
A.  of  Lavater,  in  craniometry,  that  contained  be- 
tween a  line  joining  the  point  of  the  Dose  and  the 
outer  angle  of  the  eye,  and  a  line  running  from  the 
same  point  to  the  angle  of  the  mouth.  According  to 
Lavater,  the  greater  the  angle  the  more  intelligent  the 
individual.  A.,  Limiting.  See  A. ,  Critical.  A. 
of  the  Lips,  those  formed  by  the  union  of  the  lips  at 
either  extremity  of  the  mouth.  A.,  Lissauer's,  in 
craniometry,  a  number  of  angles  in  the  median  plane 
of  the  skull  included  between  lines  radiating  from  a 
fixed  line  connecting  the  inion  and  hormion  {radius 
fixus.)  See  also  A. ,  Frontal, and  A.,  Parietal.  A., 
Louis's,  that  between  the  manubrium  and  gladiolus 
of  the  sternum  due  to  retraction  in  the  upper  part  of 
the  thorax.  A.  of  Ludovici.  See  A.,  Louis's.  A., 
Ludwig's.  See  A.,  Louisls.  A.,  Lumbo-iliac,  in 
veterinary  anatomy,  that  formed  by  the  junction  of  the 
sacrum  and  ilia.  A.  m.,  that  one  of  Lissauer's  angles 
included  between  the  radius  lixus  and  a  line  joining 
the  opisthion  and  the  basion.  A.,  Maxillary  (of 
Camper),  in  craniometry,  that  included  between  two 
lines  extending  from  the  point  of  contact  of  the  upper 
and  lower  central  incisor  teeth,  one  to  the  ophryon  and 
the  other  to  the  most  prominent  point  of  the  lower  jaw. 
A.,  Metafacial  (of  Serres),  that  which  the  pterygoid 
processes  form  with  the  base  of  the  skull.  A.,  Meter-, 
in  optics,  the  degree  of  convergence  of  the  eyes 
when  centered  on  an  object  one  meter  distant  from 
each.  A.  of  the  Mouth.  See  A.  of  the  Lips.  A., 
Mu,  that  one  of  Lissauer's  angles  included  between 
the  radius  fixus  and  a  line  joining  the  hormion  and 
basion.  A.,  Mulder's.  See  A.,  External.  A.  n., 
that  one  of  Lissauer's  angles  included  between  the 
radius  fixus  and  a  line  joining  the  nasion  and  alveolar 
point.  A.  n'.,  that  one  of  Lissauer's  angles  included 
between  the  radius  fixus  and  a  line  joining  the  nasion 
and  subnasal  point.  A.,  Nasal  (of  Ranke),  in 
craniometry,  that  included  between  the  horizontal 
plane  of  the  skull  and  a  line  passing  through  the  mid- 
dle of  the  alveolar  border  beneath  the  nasal  spine  and 
the  center  of  the  naso-frontal  suture.  A.,  Nasal  (of 
Welcker),  in  craniometry,  that  included  between  the 
naso-basilar  and  naso-subnasal  lines.  A.,  Naso- 
basal  (of  Welcker).  See  A. ,  Nasal.  A.,  Naso- 
malar,  in  craniometry,  that  formed  by  two  lines 
converging  from  the  outer  margins  of  the  orbits  to  the 
base  of  the  nose.  A.  of  the  Neck.  See  A.  of  the  Nucha. 
A.  of  the  Neck  of  the  Femur,  that  formed  between 
the  neck  and  shaft  of  the  femur.  A.,  Negative,  the 
name  given  to  Quatrefages'  parietal  angle  when  it  is 
inversed.  A.  of  the  Nose,  that  between  the  nose 
and  the  cheek.  A..  Nu,  that  one  of  Lissauer's  angles 
included  between  the  radius  fixus  and  a  line  joining 
the  hormion  and  nasion.  A.  of  the  Nucha,  that  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  nucha  with  the  neck.  A.  o., 
that  one  of  Lissauer's  angles  included  between  the 
radius  fixus  and  a  line  joining  the  lambda  and  bregma. 
A.  of  Obliquity  of  Femur,  that  formed  by  the  shaft 
of  the  femur  and  a  vertical  line.  A.,  Occipital,  in 
craniometry,  that  formed  by  the  intersection  of  the 
basicranial  axis  and  the  plane  of  the  occipital  foramen. 
A.,  Occipital  (of  Broca),  in  craniometry,  that  be- 
tween the  lines  joining  the  opisthion  and  the  basion 
and  nasal  points.  A.,  Occipital  (of  Daubenton), 
in  craniometry,  the  angle  that  Daubenton's  line  makes 
with  the  line  joining  the  basion   and  opisthion.      A., 


Occipital,  Second,  in  craniometry,  that  formed  by 
two  lines  joining  the  opisthion  and  the  nasion  and 
nasal  spine.  A.,  Olfactory,  in  craniometry,  that 
formed   by  the  intersection  of  the   plane  oi    I  bri- 

fonrj  plate  of  the  ethmoid  and  the  basicranial  axis. 
A.,  Omega,  that  one  of  Lissaui  r's  angles  between 
the  radius  fixus  and  a  line  joining  the  hormion  and 
lambda.  A.,  Ophryo-alveolo-auricular.  See  A. , 
Facial  [of  Cloquet).  A.,  Ophryo-spinal-facial,  in 
craniometry,  that  included  between  two  lines  from 
the  nasal  spine  to  the  ophryon  and  auricular  point. 
A.,  Optic,  that  included  between  lines  joining  the 
extremities  of  an  object  and  the  nodal  point.  The 
smaller  is  about  30  seconds.  A.,  Orbito-alveolo- 
condylar,  in  craniometry,  that  included  between  the 
horizontal  visual  and  alveolo-condylar  plane-..  A., 
Orbito-basilar,  in  craniometry,  that  included  between 
Barclay's  basifacial  plane  and  the  plain  of  the  orbital 
axes.  A.,  Orbito-facial.  See  A.,  Orbito-maxillary. 
A.,  Orbito-maxillary,  in  craniometry,  that  inclu< 
between  the  two  lines  joining  the  auricular  point  and 
the  glabella  and  alveolar  border.  A.,  Orbito-occi- 
pital,  in  craniometry,  that  included  between  the  plane 
of  the  occipital  foramen  and  the  bi-orbital  pi. 
A.,  Orifacial  lof  Barclay  1.  1.  That  included  be- 
tween Camper's  line  and  the  plane  of  mastication. 
2.  That  included  between  the  median  antero-posterior 
line  of  the  palatine  arch  and  the  median  antero-poste- 
rior line  of  the  plane  of  the  lower  border  of  the  in- 
ferior maxilla.  A.  p.,  that  one  of  Lissauer's  angle*. 
included  between  the  radius  fixus  and  a  line  joining 
the  staphylion  and  alveolar  point.  A.,  Palatine,  in 
craniometry,  that  included  between  Camper's  line  and 
a  line  on  the  plane  of  the  alveolar  arch.  A.,  Parietal 
(of  Broca),  in  craniometry,  that  included  between 
two  lines  joining  the  auricular  point  and  the  bregma 
and  lambda.  A.,  Parietal  (of  Lissauen,  that  in- 
cluded between  lines  drawn  from  the  bregma  and 
lambda  to  the  most  prominent  point  of  the  parietal 
bone.  A.,  Parietal  (of  Quatrefagesl,  in  cranio: 
try,  that  formed  by  the  lines  drawn  through  the  ex- 
tremities of  the  transverse  maximum  or  bizygomatic 
diameter  and  the  maximum  transverse  frontal  diameter 
(called  positive  when  it  opens  downward,  negative 
when  it  opens  upward).  A.,  Parietal,  Posterior,  in 
craniometry,  that  included  between  two  lines  tangent  to 
the  parietal  eminence  and  the  most  prominent  points 
of  the  zygomatic  arch.  A.,  Pi,  that  one  of  I  ; 
angles  included  between  the  radius  fixus  and  a  line 
joining  the  hormion  and  alveolar  point.  A.  of  Polari- 
zation, in  optics,  the  angle  of  reflection  at  which  light 
is  most  completely  polarized.  A.,  Positive.  See  .•/., 
Parietal  (of  Quatref ages).  A.,  Posterior  (of  Ilium  . 
See  A.,  Cotyloid.  A.,  Posterior  1  of  Pubes).  in  vet- 
erinary anatomy,  that  portion  of  the  pubes  that 
helps  to  close  in  the  obturator  foramen  internally.  A., 
Posterior  (of  Scapula).  See  A.,  Dorsal  (of  Scap- 
ula). A.,  Postero-external  (of  Ischium),  in  vet- 
erinary anatomy,  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium.  A., 
Postero-internal  lof  Ischium  1,  in  veterinary 
anatomy,  the  ischiadic  arch.  A..  Premax- 
illary.  See  A. .  Basifacial.  A.,  Prepubic,  that 
formed  by  the  male  urethra  in  front  of  the  pul"  -, 
the  penis  being  in  a  flaccid  state.  A.  of  Prognath- 
ism, in  craniometry,  the  angle  indicating  the  degree 
of  forward  projection  of  the  face.  A.,  Psi.  I.  That 
one  of  Lissauer's  angles  included  between  the  radius 
lixus  and  a  line  joining  the  hormion  and  opisthion. 
2.  In  optics,  that  between  the  optic  axis  and  line 
of  fixation.  A.  of  the  Pubes,  that  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  pubic  bones  at  the  symphysis.  A., 
Pyramidal.     See  A. ,  Positive.      A.  of  Quatrefages. 


\M,I   1 


B6 


KNGUSTICOLLIS 


See  A. ,  Pari  fa/.  A.  of  Ranke.  See  . /. . 
A.  of  Reflection,  in  optics,  that  which  a  reflected 
ray  of  light  makes  with  a  line  drawn  perpendicular 
to  the  point  of  incidence.  A.  of  Refraction,  in  optics, 
that  which  exist-  between  a  refracted  ray  of  light 
and  a  line  drawn  perpendicular  to  the  point  ol  inci- 
dence.  A.  of  Rib,  aline  on  the  external  surface  ol  the 
shaft  of  the  vertebral  extremity  of  the  rib,  to  which  is  at- 
tached the  tendon  of  the  sacro-lumbalis  muscle.  A.s., 
that  one  of  1  issauei  -  included    between  the 

radius  tixus  and  a  line  joining  the  basion  and  staphy- 
lion.  A..  Sacro-vertebral,  that  which  the  sacrum 
forms  with  the  la-t  lumbar  vertebra.  A.  of  Segond, 
in  craniometry,  angles  formed  between  lines  drawn 
from  the  basion   to  tin-    various    other  craniometries] 

<s.      The    Facia/  angle   of    Segond    is    that    1" 
tween  the  line  passing  through  the   basion  and  mental 
ts   and   the   line   passing  through  the    basion    and 

ryon.  The  Cerebral  angle  of  Segond  is  that 
between  the  line  passing  through  the  basion  and  oph- 
ryon.and  the  line  passing  through  the  basion  and 
opisthion.  A.  of  Serres.  See  A. ,  Metafacial.  A. 
Sigma,  that  one  of  l.issauer's  angles  included  be- 
tween the  radius  tixus  ami  a  line  drawn  from  the  hor- 
mion  to  the  staphylion.  A.,  Sincipital.  See  ./.,  Ex- 
ternal [of  Mulder).  A.  Spal.  See  A.  Sum  mi 
A.,  Sphenoidal,  in  craniometry,  that  included 
between  two  lines  joining  the  nasion  and  the  basion 
with  the  center  of  the  transverse  groove  of  the  optic 
commissure,  at  the  point  where  the  sloping  anterior 
surface  of  the  sella  turcica  passes  over  into  the  hori- 
zontal surface  of  the  olivary  eminence.  A.,  Squint- 
ing, that  indicating  the  degree  of  divergence  of  the 
affected  eye  in  strabismus.  A.,  Sterno-clavicular, 
that  existing  between  the  clavicle  and  the  sternum. 
A.  of  St.  Hilaire  (Geoffroy).  See  A. ,  Facial.  A., 
Subcostal,  that  formed  by  the  outward  inclination 
of  the  false  rib-  with  the  middle  line  of  the  body. 
A.,  Suboccipital,  in  craniometry,  that  included 
between  two  lines  joining  Broca's  auricular  point 
with  the  posterior  border  of  the  occipital  foramen 
and  the  external  occipital  protuberance.  A..  Sub- 
pubic, that  formed  at  the  pubic  arch.  A.,  Summi 
Occipitis,  Lissauer's  angle  included  between  lines 
connecting  the  most  prominent  point  of  the  occipital 
squama  and  the  lambda  and  inion.  A.,  Summi 
Palati,  l.issauer's  angle  included  between  lines  drawn 
from  the  staphylion  and  alveolar  point  to  the  highest 
point  of  the  arch  of  the  palate.  A.,  Supra-occipital, 
in  craniometry,  that  formed  by  two  lines  joining 
Broi  a's  auricular  point  with  the  lambda  and  the  exter- 
nal occipital  protuberance.  A.,  Symphysian,  that 
which  the  profile  of  the  symphysis  of  the  lower  jaw- 
makes  with  the  plane  of  the  inferior  border  of  the 
lower  jaw.  A.,  Tentorial,  in  craniometry,  that  in- 
cluded between  the  plane   of  the   tentorium   and  the 

icranial  axis.  A.  of  Topinard.  See  . /.,  Facial. 
A.  of  Torsion,  the  amount  of  twisting  in  the  shaft  of 
a  bone.  A.,  Total  Cranial,  in  craniometry,  that 
measuring  the  cranial  cavity  between  lines  drawn 
from  the  auricular  point  to  the  ophryon  and  opisthion. 
A.  of  the  Uterus,  that  at  the  cornua  of  the  uterus, 
where  the  oviducts  enter.  A.,  Venosus,  that  formed 
;ht  and  left  brachiocephalic  veins. 
A..  Vertebro-iliac.  See  A..  Ilio-vertebral.  A., 
Vestibular,  that  formed  in  the  vestibule  by  the  junc- 
tion of  r  or  and.  middle  walls.  A.ofVirchow 
and  Holder.    See  A., Facial.     A.,  Visual.      See//., 

tic.       A.   of  Vogt,   in  cranionn  trv.  that    included 

tween  lines  joining  the  nasion   and  the  basion  and 

alveolar    point.      A.,  Walther's.     See   .-/. .   Internal. 

A.,  Welcker's.     See  A. ,  Ephippial,  A.,  Nasal,  and 


/  ,  tVasobasal.  A.,  Xiphoid,  in  anatomy,  that  formed 
by  the  sides  of  the  xiphoid  notch.  A.  y.,  that  one 
ol  l.issauer's  angles  included  between  the  radius  fixus 
and  a  line  joining  the  lambda  and  inion 

Angleberry  [angf -gl-ber-e)  [M.  1  .,  angle;  bery\ 
Butchers'  name  for  bovine  tuberculosis.      See  Grapes. 

Anglesey  Leg  [ang/-g/-se  leg)  [so  called  after  the 
Marquis  of  Anglesej  ].  An  artificial  limb  formed 
ii  a  solid  pie<  e  of  wood  hollowed  out  to  receive  the 
stump  and  provided  with  a  steel  joint  at  the  knee. 
The  ankle  joint  was  made  of  wood,  to  which  motion 
was  communicated  by  strong  cat-gut  strings  posteriorly 
and  a  spiral  spring  anteriorly. 

Anglicus  sudor  [ang/ -lik-us  su'-dor)  [L.].  English 
sweating  fever.  A  contagious  malignant  fever,  also 
known  as  Ephemera  maligna,  characterized  by  black 
or  dark-colored  sweat. 

Anglo-Swiss    Food,  an   artificial   infant  food  with  the 
following  composition  :    Water,  6,54;  fat,  2.72  ;  grape 
sugar    and     milk-sugar,     23.29;     cane-sugar.    21.40; 
starch,  34.55  ;  soluble  carbohydrates,  46.43  ;    albumin 
oids,  10.26 ;   ash,  I.20.« 

Angophrasia    [ang-go-fra1 '-ze-ah)    [<i;  t  "  ■    to    choke; 
'it;,   utterance].      A  speech-defect  consisting    of  a 
choking,  drawling,  and  agitated  utterance,  with  repeti- 
tions and  nasal  sounds,  occurring  in  paralytic  dementia. 

Angor  [angf-gor)  [angor,  a  strangling].  Synonymous 
with  Angina.     Applied  by  some  to  epigastric  pain. 

Angry  (ang/-gre)  [M.  E.,  angerich"].  Characterized  by 
acute  inflammation  and  pain,  as  an  angry  sore. 

Angstrom's  Law.     See  I.a-u. 

Anguilulidae  [ang-gwiF -u-lid-e)  \anguilla,  an  eel].  The 
small  nematoid  worms  that  live  in  vinegar  and  soul 
paste. 

Anguilliform  [ang-gwil1 '-if-orm)  [anguilla,  an  eel ; 
forma,  form].  In  biology,  having  the  characters  or 
form  of  an  eel. 

Anguillula    [ang-gwiF -u-lah)    [dim.    of    anguilla,    an 
eel].     A  genus  of  parasitic  round  worms.      A.  Stei 
coralis.     See    Thread-worms  and   Parasites,  Annual, 
Table  of. 

Anguine  [ang/-gwin)  \anguis,  a  snake].  In  biology, 
snake-like. 

Anguish  [angf  fivish)  \_angustia, narrowness,  distress]. 
Extreme  bodily  or  mental  distress. 

Angular  (ang/-gu-lar)  [angulus, an  angle].  Pertaining 
to  an  angle.  A.  Artery  and  Vein,  the  terminal 
luanches  of  the  facial  artery  and  vein.  A.  Gyrus,  or 
Convolution,  the  pli  courbe,  a  convolution  of  the 
brain.  A.  Movement,  the  movement  between  two 
bones  that  may  take  place  forward  and  backward. 
or  inward  and  outward.  A.  Processes,  the  1  1  rnal 
and  internal  extremities  of  the  orbital  arch  of  the 
frontal  b 

Angularis  scapulae  Muscle  |  lar-ris skap'-u-le). 

The  levator  anguli  scapula.     See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Anguliferous  [ang-gu-lif -er-us)  [angulus,  an  angle; 
ferre,  to  bear].  In  biology,  having  the  last  whorl 
angled  or  cornered. 

Angulinerved  (ang/  m-lin  rvd)  [angulus,  an  angle ; 
nervum,   a   nerve].        In     bii  said    of   leaves  in 

which  the  veins  or  nerves   diverge   from  the  midrib; 
pinnatelv  nerved. 

Angulo-dentate  (angS-gu-Zo—den'-tdt)  [angulus,  an 
angle;   dentatus,  toothed].      With  angular  teeth. 

Angulus  [angf -gu-lus)  [L.l.      See  Angle. 

Angustate  (ang-gus' '-tat)  [angustare,  to  straiten;  to 
narrow]        Narrow. 

Angustia  (an^ ■gus/-te-ah)  [L.].  Constriction;  abnor- 
mal narrowness  ;   distress. 

Angusticollis  [ang-gus-te-kolf -is)  [angustus,  narrow; 
collum,  a  neck].       In  biology,  with  a  slender  neck. 


ANGUSTIDENTATE 


H7 


AM  MA I  «   I    I   I 


Angustidentate  {ang-gus-te  den'-t&t)  [angustus,  nar- 
row; dens,  a  tooth].      In  biology,  with  slender  teeth. 

Angustifoliate  (ang-gus  St)  [angustus,  narrow  ; 

foliatus,  leaved].      In  biology,  with  narrow  leaves. 

Angustirostrate   [an  tr&t)   [angustus,   nar- 

row;  rostrum,  beak].     In  biology,  having  a  narrow  or 
compressed  beak. 

Angustiseptate  [ang-gus-te-sep'-tat)  [angustus,  narrow  ; 
septum,  a  partition  J.  In  biology,  having  a  narrow 
septum. 

Angustura  (ang  gus-tu'-rah)  [Sp.,  Angostura,  a  S.  A. 
town].  Cusparia  Bark.  The  bark  of  Galipea 
porta.  A  stimulant  tonic  and  febrifuge  used  in  malig- 
nant bilious  fever,  intermittent  fever,  and  dysentery. 
In  large  doses  emetic.  Dose  of  fid.  ext.  Tl\x-xxx  ;  of 
the  bark  gr.  x-xl.  I  nof.  Infus.  Cuspariae  (B.  I 
1  lose  3  i-ij. 

Angusturin  [ang-gusf-tu-rin)  [Sp.,  Angostura,  a  S.  A. 
town].     Synonym  of  Brucin,  q.  v. 

Anhaloin  {an-haV -o-iri)  [Anhalonium\.     An  intensely 
poisonous  alkaloid,  derived   from  the  fruit  of  Anhalo- 
nium    (Mamillarid)    lewinii,   a  cactus.      It    pi 
collapse,  followed  by  tetanus.      Unof. 

Anhalonium  lewinii  [an-ha-lo1 -ne-um  le-win' -e-i) 
[L.].  The  cactus  of  this  name  is  a  native  of  Mexico. 
1  ts  active  principle  is  intensely  poisonous  and  resembles 
strychnin  in  action.  Dose  of  the  extract  gtt.  j. 
I  nof. 

Anhaphia  (an-ha'-fe-ah).     See  Anapkia. 

Anhela  [an -/it' '-/ah)  [anliclatio,  asthma].  A  difficulty  in 
breathing.  A.  amphemerina,  A.  asinina,  A. 
canina,  A.  clamosa,  A.  clangosa,  A.  delassans, 
A.  perennis,  A.  puerilis,  A.  spasmodica,  A. 
strangulans,  A.  suffocans,  A.  tussiculosa,  syno- 
nyms of  Pertussis. 

Anhelation  (a>i-//t--/a/-s/ii/>i)  [anhelare,  to  pant].  Short- 
ness of  breath  ;   dyspnea. 

Anhematosis  (an-hem-at-o' '-sis)  [av  priv. ;  ai/iardeiv,  to 
make  bloody].      Defective  formation  of  the  blood. 

Anhidrosis  [an-hid-ro'-sis)  [av  priv.  ;  idpuc,  sweat]. 
Absence  or  deficiency  of  sweat  excretion. 

Anhidrotic  [an-hid-rol'-ik)  \av  priv.  ;  Idpuc,  sweat]. 
I.  Tending  to  check  sweating.  2.  An  agent  that 
checks  sweating. 

Anhistous  (an-his'-tus)  [av  priv.  ;  lords,  a  web]. 
Structureless;    not  organized  ;   plasmic. 

Anhydremia  (tin-// i-dre'-me-ah  )  [av  priv.;  vdup,  water ; 
(iiun,  blood].  The  opposite  of  hydremia;  an  abnor- 
mal decrease  in  the  relative  proportion  of  the  water  to 
that  of  the  salts  of  the  blood. 

Anhydrid  [an-hi' '-drid)  [av  priv. ;  vdup,  water].  One 
of  a  class  of  chemic  compounds  that  may  be  regarded 
as  made  up  of  one  or  more  molecules  of  water  in 
which  the  whole  of  the  hydrogen  is  replaced  by  nega- 
tive or  acid  radicals  (that  may  themselves  contain 
hydrogen). 

Anhydro-ecgonin  [an-hir -dro—ek' -go-nin)  [av  priv.  ; 
vdup,  water;  ek,  out  of;  ycn>6q,  born].  A  basic  sub- 
stance in  the  cocain  and  ecgonin  series,  but  more 
remote  from  cocain  than  ecgonin. 

A  n  h  y  d  r  o-glycochloral  I  an-hi' ' -dro-gli-ko-klo' '-ral). 
See  Clilornlose. 

Anhydromyelia  [an-hi-dro-mi-ef -le-aK)  [av  priv.  ; 
vdup,  water;  uvthdv,  marrow],  A  deficiency  ot  the 
fluid  that  normally  fills  the  spinal  cavity. 

Anhydrous  [an-hi'-drus)  [avpriv.  ;  vdup,  water].  In 
chemistry,  a  term  used  to  denote  the  absence  of 
hydroxyl  or  of>  constitutional  water. 

Anhysteria  [an-his-te' '-re-ah)  [in-  priv.  ;  varipa,  the 
womb].      Absence  of  the  uterus. 

Anideus  [an-idf -e-us)  [av  priv.  ;  eldog,  form].  The 
lowest    form    of  omphalosite,   in   which   the   parasitic 


fetus  is  reduced  to  a  shapeless  mass  of  flesh  covered 
with  skin. 

Anidous  {an-i'-dus\  [av  priv.;  eldog,  form].  Form- 
less, from  general  arrest  of  development;  used  of 
fetal  monsters. 

Anidrosis  (tin  itl-ro'-sis).      See  Anhidrosis. 

Anidrotic  [an  id-rot'  ik).      See  Anhidrotic. 

Anile  [an'-U)  [anilis,  an  old  woman].      Imbecile. 

Anilid    (an'-il-id)    [Arab. ,  al,   the;     ml,   dark    blue]. 

<  ompound.s  formed  by  the  action  of  acid  chlorids  or 
acid  anhydrid-  upon  the  anilins.  They  are  very  stable 
derivativi 

Anilin    ian'-il-in)    [Arab.,   at,  the;     ;///,    dark    blue], 

<  ,,II7N.  Amidobenzene  ;  formed  in  the  dry  distillation 
■  it  bituminous  coal.  bone-,  indigo,  isatin,  and  other 
nitrogenous  substances.  It  is  made  by  reducing  nitro 
benzene.  It  is  a  colorless  liquid  with  a  faint  peculiar 
odor,  boiling  at  1X}0;  its  sp.  gr.  at  0°  is  1.036.  When 
perfectly  [aire  it  solidities  on  1  ooling,  and  melts  at  — 8°. 
It  is  slightly  soluble  in  water,  but  dissolves  readily  in 
alcohol  and  ether.  Combined  with  chlorin,  the 
chlorates,  and  hypochlorites,  the  various  anilin  dyes 
are  produced.  It  is  a  powerful  narcotic  poison.  It  is 
used  in  chorea  and  epilepsy  with  benefit  in  one-half 
grain  doses.  Unof.  A.  Black,  Cj8H15N„,  one  of  the 
indulins  formed  by  the  oxidation  of  anilin  by  means 
of  potassium  chlorate  in  the  presence  of  copper  or 
vanadium  salts.  It  i^  a  dark-green  amorphous  pow- 
der, insoluble  in  the  ordinary  reagents,  and  is  used  in 
calico  printing  as  a  black  color.  See  Conspectus  of 
Pigments,  under  Pigment.  A.  Colors.  See  Con- 
spectus  of  Pigments,  under  Pigment.  A.  Red.  See 
Fuchsin.  A.  Sulphate,  [(  ,11  MI,]  S04H2,  used  as 
a  test  for  lignin.  See  Stains,  Table  of.  A.  Violet. 
See  Tyrolin. 

Anilinophile  [an-il-in' '-o-fil ')  [anilin;  ot'/.itiv,  to  love]. 
Readily  stained  with  anilin. 

Anilism  {au'-il-izm)  [anilin].  An  acute  or  chronic 
disease  produced  in  workmen  in  anilin  factories  by  the 
poisonous  fumes. 

Anility  (an-il'-it-c)  [anilis,  an  old  woman].  The  state 
of  being  imbecile  or  childish. 

Anima  (an'-im-a/i)  [animus,  spirit].  The  soul;  the 
vital  principle  ;  formerly,  the  active  principle  of  a  drug 
or  medicine. 

Animal  (an'-im-al)  [anima,  the  spirit,  breath,  or  life]. 
An  organic  being  having  life  and  power  of  motion. 
Pertaining  to  the  same.  The  animal  kingdom  is  com- 
posed of  the  Vertebrata,  Mollusca,  Articulata,  and 
Radiata.  A.  Black.  See  Conspectus  of  Pigments, 
under  Pigment.  A.  Charcoal,  bone-black,  ivory- 
black,  etc.,  is  the  product  of  calcining  bones  in  close 
vessels.  A.  Chemistry,  that  concerning  itself  with 
the  composition  of  animal  bodies.  A.  Electricity, 
electricity  generated  in  the  body.  A.  Function,  any 
physiological  action  or  process.  A.  Gum,  <  \,l  I  .,< 
2I  !.,<  ).  A  substance  prepared  from  mucin  by  Landwehr, 
and  so  named  on  account  of  its  resemblance  to  the 
gum  of  commerce.  It  occurs  in  many  tissues  of  the 
body,  is  soluble  in  water,  and  in  alkaline  solution 
readily  dissolves  cupric  oxid,  the  solution  not  being 
reduced  on  boiling.  It  yields  no  coloration  with 
iodin,  and  is  very  feebly  dextrorotatory.  A.  Heat, 
the  normal  temperature  of  the  body,  about  98.50  F. 
A.  Kingdom,  a  name  for  all  animals  considered  col- 
lectively. A.  Magnetism,  mesmerism,  hypnotism, 
etc.  A.  Oil.  See  DippeVs  Oil.  A.  Starch.  See 
Glycogen.     A.  Tissue.     See  Tissue. 

Animalcule    (an-im-alf  -kul  \    [animalcnlum,    dim.    of 
animal,     a    minute    animal:    pi.,    Animalcula\      An 
anism  so  small  a~  to  require  the  microscope  for  its 
examination. 


A  MM  \!  .<   I   I  ISM 


88 


ANKYD  >l;i  I  I'll  ARo.N 


Animalculism  (an-im-a/'-hu-lizm)  [animalculum,  a 
little  animal  J.      See  Spertnism  and  Incasement. 

Animalculist  (an-im-aP -ku-list)   \_<ni:  little 

animal].     See  /hi  ast  men/. 

Animalization     (an-im-a  huri)    [animalis,    ani- 

mate].    The  process  of  assimilating   food  to  the  tis- 
sues "i  the  body. 

Animation  [an-im-a* -shun)  [animate,  t<>  have  lil 
existence].  [o  be  possessed  of  life.  Formerly  used 
denote  the  effect  of  the  vital  principle  by  which  the 
fetus  acquires  the  power  of  continuing  its  existence. 
A.,  Suspended,  a  condition  marked  l>y  interrupted 
respiration  and  consciousness  ;  caused  by  strangulation, 
the  inhalation  of  carbon  dioxid  or  other  gases, 

Anime    (an'-im    |    [  1  i. .  animi,  origin   doubtful],      A 
name  of  various  resins,   especially  that  of  Hymencea 
trbaril,  a  tree  of  tropical  America;    sometime.-,  used 
in  plaster,  etc.      Unof.      See  Copal. 

Animism  (an' '-im-izm)  [anima,  soul].  Stahl's  theory 
of  life  and  disease,  namely,  that  the  soul  is  the  source 
of  both  normal  and  pathologic  activitii  5. 

Anion  (anf-e-on)  [dvd,  up;   lav,  going].     In  electroly- 
n  electro-negative  clement.     See  Ion. 

Anions  (anf-e-onz)  [hviCiv,  going  up].  The  atoms  that 
collect  around  either  pole  when  a  compound  i.s  decom- 
posed  by  electricity. 

Aniridia  (an-ir-id' '-e-ah)  [ov  priv. ;  Ipig,  the  rainbow], 
At>-,ence  or  defect  of  the  iris. 

Anisandrous   (an-is-an'-drus)    [avurog,  unequal ;   a 
male].      Same  as  Anisostemenous. 

Anisanthous   (an-is-an* -thus)  [avionr,  unequal;    /. 
flower].      In  biology,  varying  as  to  the  form  of  the 
perianth. 

Anischuria  (an-is-ku' '-re-afi)  [av  priv.;  laxovpia,  re- 
tention of  urinel.      Enuresis  or  incontinence  of  urine. 

Anise  (an'-is).     See  Anisum. 

Anisic  (an-is'-ik)  [anisum,  anise].  Pertaining  or  be- 
longing to  anise.  A.  Acid.  See  Acid.  A.  Aldehyd. 
See  Aldehyd. 

Anisin  (au'-is-in)  [anisum,  anise],  C22HMN2Os.  An 
artificial  crystalline  alkaloid,  a  derivative  of  anise. 

Anisobryous  (an-is-ob' -re-us)  [avtoog,  unequal ;   ji: 
growth].      Same  as  Monocotyledonous. 

Anisocoria  (an-is-o-ko' '-re-ah)  [avioog,  unequal;  Kopi/, 
pupil].      Inequality  in  the  diameter  of  the  pupils. 

Anisodont     (an-i' '-so-donf)     [avurog,     unequal;     o< 
tooth].      In  biology,  having  irregular  teeth  of  unequal 
length. 

Anisognathous    (an-is-og* '-na-thus)   [avtoog,    unequal ; 
.    jaw].        In     biology,    having     the     two    jaws 
unlike  as  to  the  molar  teeth. 

Anisogynous  (an-is-oj' -in-us)  [owffoc,  unequal ;  ywfi,  a 
female].      In  biology,  with  fewer  carpels  than  sepals. 

Anisol  [an'-is-ol)  [anisum,  anise],  <  ,H80.  Methyl 
phenyl  ether,  produced  by  heating  phenol  with  potas- 
sium and  methyl  iodid  or  potassium  methyl  sulphate 
in  alcoholic  solution.  It  is  an  ethereal-smelling 
liquid,  boiling  at  1520  ;   its  sp.  gr.  at  150  is  0.991. 

Anisomelous  (an-is-om' '-el  us  1  [aviaog,  unequal ;  ////or, 
a  limb].      With  limbs  of  unequal  length. 

Anisomerous  (an-is-om' '-er  u  |  [avurog,  unequal ;  p 
part].      In  biology,  having  the  parts  or  organs  unequal 
in  successive  series,  as  parts  of  the  flowers  in  different 
whorls,  or  1  >sive  molar  teeth. 

Anisometropia  me-tro1 '-pe-ah)   [av  priv.;  loog, 

equal ;  i   measure ;   <'n:\   the  eye],     A  differ- 

ence in  the  refraction  of  the  two  eyes. 

Anisometropic  (an  is-o-me-trop' '-ik)  [av  priv.  ;  laog, 
equal;  .  the  eye].       Affected 

with  anisometropia. 

Anisopetalous  (an-is-o-pel'-al-us)  [I'lrmnr,  unequal; 
~   -    ■  yv,  leaf].       In  biology,  with  unequal  petal-,. 


Anisophyllousi./;7-/^-<»/7"/-/7-/^  i[.ii7r;o.  ,  unequal;  fbXXov, 
leaf].  In  biology,  applied  to  the  leaves  of  a  pail  "I 
whorls  when  they  are  unequal. 

Anisopia  (an-is-o* -pe-ah)  [avtooi ,  unequal;  Snji,  eve]. 
Inequality  of  visual  power  in  the  two  eyes. 

Anisopleural     (an-is-o-plu* -ral)      [avurog,      unequal; 
irXevpa,   the    side].      In    biology,    bilaterall)    asym 
metric. 

Anisopogonous  (an-is-o-pog/-o-nus)  [hviaog,  unequal; 
-i.r.i.n,  beard],  In  biology,  applied  to  feathers  the 
vanes  of  which  are  asymmetric. 

Anisopterous  (an-is-op* -ter-us)  [avurog,  unequal; 
irrepdv,  a  win^J.  In  biology,  with  asymmetric  or 
unequal  wing-. 

Anisospore   (dn-i' -so-spor)  [dweroc,   unequal;  0-6, 
spore].      In  biology,  one  of  the  two  varieties  of  spores 
produced  by  colonial  spe<  ies  of  Kadiolarians. 

Anisostemenous  (an-is-o-stemf -en-us)  [avurog,  un- 
equal; n-^nor,  a  thread].  In  biology,  applied  to 
plants  the  stamens  of  which  are  not  of  the  same  num- 
ber as  the  petal-. 

Anisosthenic  (an-is-o-stken,-ik\  [aviaog,  unequal ; 
08 :  vog,  strength].  Not  of  equal  power  ;  used  of  pan  - 
of  muscles,  etc. 

Anisostomous  (an-is-os/-tom-us)  [avurog,  unequal ; 
aroua,  mouth].      With  an  irregular  mouth  or  orifice. 

Anisotropic  (an-is-o-trop/-ik)  [di  toot .  unequal  ; 
Tpu-oc,  turning].  Not  possessing  the  same  properties 
in  all  directions  with  respect  to  light.  In  biology, 
varying  in  irritability  in  different  parts  or  organs. 

Anisotropous  (an-is-of '-ro-pus)  [dweof, unequal;  Tp&ireiv, 
to  turn].  Not  isotropous ;  not  having  the  same  re- 
fracting power  in  all  directions.  A  term  applied  to 
doubly  refracting  bodies. 

Anisum  (anf-is-um)  [L.  ;  gen.,  Anist\.  Anise.  The 
fruit  of  Anisum  pimpinella.  Its  properties  are  due 
to  a  volatile  oil.  It  is  slightly  stimulant  to  tin-  heart 
action.  It  is  useful  chiefly  to  liquefy  bronchial  secre- 
tions, and  is  therefore  a  favorite  ingredient  in  cough 
mixtures.  Dose  gr.  x-xx.  A.  Aqua,  oil  of  anise  I, 
water  500  parts.  Dose  indefinite.  A.  Essentia 
(B.  I'.).  Dose  ni^x-xx.  A.  Oleum,  an  ingredient  in 
tinct.  opii  camph.  Dose,  tt\j-v.  A.  Spt.,  a  ten  per 
cent,  solution  of  the  oil  in  alcohol.      Dose,  ,^i-ij. 

Anisyl  (anf-is-il)  [anisum,  anise],  C8HT02.  A  hypo- 
thetic radicle  supposed  to  be  found  in  anise  and  its 
derivatives. 

Anitrogenous  {ah-ni-troj' '-en-us)  [a  priv.  ;  nitrum, 
niter;  yevf/g,  producing].     Non-nitrogenous. 

Anixyus  (ah-niks' '-e-us)  [«  priv.  ;  ti-vg,  the  loins].  In 
biology,  without  hips  and  thigh-. 

Ankle  (ang/-hl)  [M.  E.,  ancle].  The  joint  between 
the  tibia  and  fibula  above  and  on  the  sides,  and  the 
astragalus  below.  It  is  a  ginglymus  joint,  with  three 
ligaments,  the  anterior,  internal,  and  external. 
A. -bone,  the  astragalus.  A.  Clonus,  the  succession  of 
a  number  of  rhythmic  muscular  contractions  in  the 
calf  of  the  leg,  when  the  limb  is  extended  and  the  foot 
flexed  suddenly  by  a  pressure  upon  the  sole.  It  1-  1 
symptom  of  various  diseases  of  the  myelon,  such  as 
meningo-myelitis.  See  Reflexes,  Table  of .  A. -jerk. 
See  A.  Clonus.  A. -joint.  See  .  Inkle.  In  biology, 
the  tarsal  joint.      A.  Reflex.     See  A.  Clonus. 

Anklet  (angk'-let)  [M.  E.,  ancle"].  A  leathern  band  to 
pass  around  and  support  the  ankle. 

Ankuroid  (ang^-ku-roid).     See  Ankyroid. 

Ankylenteron     (ang-kil-en' -ter-on)     [dyirf^,    a    coil; 
ivrepov,  an  intestine].     An  adhesion»between  intesti 
nal  coiN. 

Ankyloblepharon  (ang-kil-o-bleff-ar-on)  [ayKbXq,  a 
thong  or  loop;  1  velid].       The  adhesion 

of  the  ciliary  edges  of  the  eyelids. 


ANKYLOCHEILIA 


39 


ANODIC 


Ankylocheilia  (ang-kil-o-ki' '-le-aK)  [a/ *!■'/?/,  loop; 
|!i'i«,  li],J.      Adhesion  of  the  lips. 

Ankylocolpos  (ang-kil-o-kol'-pos)  [ayicbXi},  a  noose; 
hti/rrar,  the  vagina].  Atresia  or  closure  of  the  vagina 
or  vulva. 

Ankylocore  [ang-kil-ok' '-o-re)  [aymiXTj,  a  noose;  K6p7}, 
the  pupil].  Obliteration  of  the  pupil  I >y  closure  and 
adhesion. 

Ankylodontia  (ang-kil-o-don' -she-aK)  [ayKvfaf,  a  loop ; 
bdovg,  a  tooth].  Irregularity  in  the  position  of  the 
teeth. 

Ankyloglossia  (ang-kil-o-glos' -e-ak)  [ay/cvAy,  a  noose; 
yXuoaa,  the  tongue].      Tongue-tie. 

Ankyloglossotome  (ang-kil-o-glos' -o-tom)  [ayicbX?/,  a 
noose;  y/.uoaa,  the  tongue;  tou.ii,  a  cut].  An  instru- 
ment used  in  treating  tongue-tie. 

Ankylomele  (ang-kU-o-me' -le)  [<r.  kv/oii //'/.>/ ;  ayK.v?Mr, 
bent;  ,«'//'/,  a  probe].      A  curved  probe. 

Ankylomerism  (ang-kii-om' -er-izm)  [i'/;m///,  a  tie; 
utimr,  a  part].  Abnormal  adherence  of  parts  to  each 
other. 

Ankylopodia  (ang-kil-o-po' -de-aK)  [ayah/.//,  a  loop ;  irovq, 
a  foot].      Ankylosis  of  the  ankle-joint. 

Ankyloproctia  (ang-kil-o-prok' -te-ah)  \ayKvXrj,  a  loop  ; 
npunTor,  the  anus].      Atresia  of  the  anus. 

Ankylorrhinia  (ang-kil-o-rin'-e-ah)  [iv. ki-'/oc,  a  loop; 
f>  f,  the  nose].  Marked  adhesion  between  the  walls 
of  a  nostril. 

Ankylose  (ang* '-kil-os)  [ayidtXog,  bent].  To  be,  or  to 
become,  consolidated  or  firmly  united,  as  two  bones; 
used  commonly  of  pathologic,  but  sometimes  of  nor- 
mal, union. 

Ankylosis  (ang-kil-o'-sis)  [ayicvXog ,  a  stiff  joint].  Union 
of  the  bones  forming  a  joint,  resulting  in  a  stiff  joint. 
A.,  False,  or  Spurious,  is  due  to  the  rigidity  of  sur- 
rounding parts.  A.,  True,  or  Bony,  when  the  con- 
necting material  is  bone.  A.,  Ligamentous,  when 
the  medium  is  fibrous. 

Ankylostoma  (ang-kil-os1 '-to-mah) ,  or  Ankylostomum 
[ang- kil-os' '-to-mum)  [ayKv'/.oc,  crooked ;  aroua,  a 
mouth].  A  genus  of  nematoid  worms,  one  species  of 
which,  A.  duodenale,  is  found  in  the  human  intestine. 
This  is  now  referred  to  the  genus  Dochmius.  See 
Ankylostomiasis. 

Ankylostomiasis  (ang-kil-os-to-mi'-as-is)  \h)  /a  /or, 
crooked;  gto/m,  a  mouth].  A  peculiar  anemia 
produced  by  the  parasite  Ankylostoma  duodenale 
(Dochmius  duodenalis.  I.euck),  sucking  the  blood 
from  the  walls  of  the  duodenum.  It  is  especially 
prevalent  among  brickmakers  and  other  workmen  in 
Europe.  It  is  called  also  Dochmiasis,  Brickmakers' 
Anemia,  Tunnel  Anemia,  Miners'  Cachexia,  Egyp- 
tian Chlorosis,  Tropical  Chlorosis,  etc.  Male  fern 
and  thymol  expel  the  worm. 

Ankylotia  (ang-kU-o' -she-afi)  [ayicbfay,  a  noose;  ovc, 
ear].      Union  of  the  walls  of  the  meatus  auditorius. 

Ankylotome  (ang-kil' -o-tom)  [ayicvfoi,  a  loop ;  ~6u?/,  a 
cut].  I.  A  knife  for  operating  on  tongue-tie.  2.  Any 
curved  knife. 

Ankyrism  (ang/ -kir-izm)  [ayKvpio/ia,  a  hooking]. 
Articulation  or  suture  by  one  bone  hooking  upon 
another. 

Ankyroid  (ang'-kir-oid)  [ayievpa,  a  hook].  Hook- 
shaped.  A.  Cavity,  in  the  brain,  the  posterior 
cornu  of  the  lateral  ventricle.  A.  Process,  the 
coracoid  process. 

Anlage  (an'-lag-e)  [Ger.,  "a  laying  out"].  In  bi- 
ology, a  term  adopted  from  the  German  to  indicate 
(i)  a  primary  constituent  of  the  germ  or  organism  ;  (2) 
a  constitutional  predisposition. 

Annandale's  Operation.     See  Operations,   Table  of. 

Annatto  (an-af-d).      See  Annotto. 


Anneal  [an  el')  [Saxon,  annelan,  to  heat].  To  heat 
and  cool  slowly,  as  gold  or  other  metal-.. 

Annealing  (an-il'-ing)  [Saxon,  annelan,  to  heat]. 
I  he  process  of  applying  heat  to  a  mi  tal  for  the 
purpose  of  removing  brittleness  and  increasing  its 
dm  lility  and  malleability. 

Annectent  (an-ek'-tent)  [ad,  to;  nectere,  to  bind]. 
In  biology,  linking  or  binding  together. 

Annelism  (an'-el-izm)  [anellu.,.  <\'un.  of  annulus,  a  ring]. 
In  biology,  1  Qg  a  ringed  structure. 

Annidalin  (an-id'-al-in).      See  Aristol. 

Annotin  (an'-o-tin)  [annotinus,  of  last  year].  In 
biology,  one  year  old. 

Annotinous  (an-ot'  in-us)  [annotinus,  of  last  year]. 
In  biology,  having  distinct  yearly  growths. 

Annotto  (an-ot'-d)  [native  American].  Annatto, 
arnotto.  A  coloring  matter  obtained  from  the  pel- 
licles of  the  seeds  of  Hixa  orellana.  L.  Used  to  color 
plasters.  Also  employed  as  an  artificial  color  for 
butter.      See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Annual  (an'-u-al)  [annus,  a  year].  Yearly.  In 
biology,  plants  that  mature  and  die  in  one  year. 

Annuens  (an'-u-enz)  [annuere,  to  nod].  The  rectus 
capitis  anticus  minor  muscle.      See  Muscles,  Tab: 

Annuent  (an'-u-ent)  \annuere,  to  nod].  Serving  to 
bend  the  head  forward  ;   as  annuent  muscles. 

Annular  (an'-u-lar)  [annulus,  a  ring].  Ring-like.  A 
number  of  ligaments  of  the  joints  are  called  annular, 
as  those  of  the  ankle,  wrist,  etc.  A.  Cartilage,  the  cri- 
coid cartilage.  A.  Finger,  the  ring  linger.  A.  Mus- 
cle of  Miiller,  the  circular  fibers  of  the  ciliary  muscle. 
A.  Process,  or  Protuberance,  the  pons  varolii.  A. 
Reflex  (of  macula),  a  ring-like  reflection  sometimes 
seen  with  the  ophthalmoscope  surrounding  the  macula. 

Annulism  (an'-u-lizm)  [annulus,  a  ring].  The  state  or 
quality  of  being  ringed,  as  shown  in  certain  worms. 

Annulose  (an'-u-los)  [annulus,  a  ring].  In  biology, 
possessing  rings. 

Annulus  (an'-u-lus)  [annulus,  a  ring].  A  ring-shaped 
or  circular  opening.  A  circular  or  rounded  margin. 
In  biology,  an  encircling  band,  as  those  about  the  cap- 
sules of  mosses  ;  the  spore-cases  of  ferns,  the  mantle. 
Cf.  Molluscs,  etc.  A.  abdominalis,  the  external  and 
internal  abdominal  rings.  A.  abdominis,  the  inguinal 
ring.  A.ciliaris,  the  boundary  between  the  iris  and 
choroid.  A.  fibrosus,  the  external  part  of  the  inter- 
vertebral discs.  A.  membrani  tympani,  an  incom- 
plete bony  ring  that  forms  the  fetal  auditory  process  of 
the  temporal  bone.  A.  osseus,  the  tympanic  plate. 
A.  ovalis,  the  rounded  or  oval  margin  of  the  Foramen 
ovalis.  A.  subgenitalis,  a  firm,  cartilaginous-like, 
subgenital  ring,  the  supporting  plate  of  the  subum- 
brella  in  medusa:.  A.  tracheae,  any  tracheal  ring. 
A.  umbilicus,  the  umbilical  ring.  A.  of  Vieus- 
sens.     Same  as  .-/.  ovalis. 

Anocarpous(<7«-<i-/v</r/-/w)[<}r<.j.upward;  Kaprcbq, fruit]. 
In  biology,  bearing  fruit  on  the  upper  side  of  the  frond. 

Anocathartic  Um-o-kath-ar' -tik)  [avu,  upward;  koO- 
n.iTfKoc,  purging].      Emetic. 

Ano-coccygeal  {a-uo-kok-sij'-e-al)  [anus,  the  funda- 
ment; ^'/^^rc,  the  coccyx].  Pertaining  to  the  anus 
and  the  coccyx.  A.  Ligament,  connects  the  tip  of 
the  coccyx  with  the  external  sphincter  ani  muscle. 

Anodal  {au'-o-dal )  \ava,  up;  6r5oc,  a  way].     Relatingto 
an  anode  ;  electrically  positive.    A.  Diffusion.    Same 
as    Cataphoresis.      A.   Opening   Contraction. 
Contraction. 

Anode  (iin'-dd)  [ava,  up;  666c,  a  way].  The  positive 
pole  of  a  galvanic  battery. 

Anodic  (an-od'-ik)  [ma.  upward;  b66g,  way].  In  biol- 
ogy, applied  to  the  upper  edges  of  leaves  arranged  in 
ascending  spirals. 


ANODONTIA 


90 


ANOSTOMI s 


Anodontia  (an-o-don' -she-ah)   [di  priv. ;  tooth]. 

Absence  of  the  teeth. 

Anodyne  [an'-o-din)  [dv  priv.  ;  odvvr/,  pain].  A  med- 
icine that  gives  relief  from  pain.  From  their  tendency 
to  produce  sleep  they  art-  called  hypnotics.  A.,  Hoff- 
man's.    See  Ether. 

Anodynia  [dv    priv.  ;     bSivn,    pain]. 

Absence  of  pain. 

Anoea  (an  3  ia. 

Anoesia    [an  [avoqoia,   a    want    of  sense]. 

W  ant  of  understand: 

Anogenic  [an-o-jen'-ih)  [ava,  upward  ;  ;n',<\  produced]. 
In  of  ascending  or  Inward  growth. 

Anoia    an-oir-ah)  [avota,  idiocy].      Synonym  of  Idiocy. 

Anol   [an'-ol)   [see  Anethol~\,  c "«, 1 1 ,,,<  » .       A  substance 
obtained  from  anethol  by  heating  it  with  caustic  alkali 
joo-2300     It  consists  of  brilliant  leaflets,  melting 
at  920. 

Anomaliflorous  (an-om-al-if-lo/-rus)  [anomahts,  irreg- 
ular; ftoSy  flower].  In  biology,  bearing  irregular 
flowers. 

Anomaliped    (an-omf-al-ip-ed\    [anomalus,    irregular; 

,  foot].      In   biology,  characterized  by  having  one 

of  the  phalanges  of  the  middle  toe  joined  to  the  inner 

toe,  and  three  to  the  outer  toe,  as  in  syndactylous 

birds,  the  kingfisher,  etc. 

Anomalocephalous  [an-om-al-o-sef'-al-us)  [avuua'/or, 
strange;  K£<j>dkf],  the  head].  Having  a  deformed 
head. 

Anomalocephalus    (an-om-al-o-sef'-al-us)     [avupr 
strange  ;  Ktoa'/r/,-lhe  head].     One  who  has  a  deformed 
head. 

Anomalogonatous  (an-om-al-o-gonf-at-us)  [avapaTuoq, 
strange;  yovarum,  hip-joint].  In  biology,  said  of 
birds  (Passeres)  having  no  ambiens  muscle. 

Anomalous  [an-om' -al-us)  [avfaftaXog,  not  ordinary]. 
Irregular;  characterized  by  deviation  from  the  com- 
mon or  normal  order. 

Anomalus    (an-om' -al-us)    [pivuua'/or,    not    ordinary]. 
A   muscle  or   muscular  slip   sometimes  occurring   be- 
th  the  levator  labii  superioris  alaeque  nasi. 

Anomaly  (an-om' '-al-e)  [avapa/iia,  irregularity].  A 
marked  deviation  from  the  normal  or  typical  structure 
or  occurrence. 

Anomobranchiate  (an-o-mo-6rang/-he-at)[avofwg,  irreg- 
ulai  \ia,  gills].      In    biology,   characterized   by 

having  anomalous  gills. 

Anomo-carpous  [an-o-mo-kar/ -pus)  [avopog,  irregular; 
fruit].      In     biology,    producing    anomalous 
or  irregular  fruits. 

Anomocephalus  (an-o-mo-sef  -al-us)  [«  priv.;  vdpoc, 
law;  KEtpaXf/,  head].     See  Anomalocephalus. 

Anomophyllous  [an-o-mof ' -il-us)  [d  priv.;  v6/ioq,  a 
law;  '.i/>or,  a  leaf].  In  biology,  with  irregularly- 
arranged  leaves. 

Anomphalous     (an-om' -fal-us)     [dv    priv.;     6u<4«/"', 
navel].      Having    no    navel,    a    condition     that    may 
nit  from  •  surgical  operation. 

Anomural     [an-o-mu'  ral)    !  irregular;     ovpd, 

tail].      In    biology,  characterized  by  having  a    small, 
irregular  tail. 

Anonychia  (an-o-nik'-i  ah)  [dv  priv.;  Svwf,  nail]. 
Ali-'-ncc  or  defect  of  the  nails. 

Anonym  (an'-o-nim)  op,  nameless].    In  biology, 

an  insignificant  or  unscientifically  formed  name. 

Anonyma  (an-on* -im-ah)  [dv  priv.;  dwfia,  name]. 
The  innominate  artery. 

Anonymous  [an-on'-im  u      \  a  name]. 

Nameless     A.  Bone.    Sec  Innominatum. 

Anobpsia  (an-o-op*  -rah)  [dvdi,  upward;  bipic,  vision]. 
Strabismus  in  which  the  eye  is  turned  upward. 

Anophthalma  {<in  off-thaF-mah).     See  Anophthalmia. 


Anophthalmia  [an-off-tkal' -me-ah)  [dr  priv.;  bof)a/.u6c, 
eye].  Congenital  absence  of  the  eyes.  A.  cyclo- 
pica.  a  congenital  malformation  in  which  the  eye- 
sockel  is  very  ill-developed  and  the  orbit  rudimentary 
i  ir  altogether  absent. 

Anophthalmos  [an-off-thal'-mus)  [dv  priv.;  6<pf)a'/ nor, 
eye].  I.  Congenital  absence  of  the  eyes.  2.  A  person 
born  without  eyes. 

Anopia   [an-of -pe-ah)    [dv  priv.;    Imp,   the    eye].      Ab 
sence  or  rudimentary  development  of  the  eye. 

Anopluriform  [an-o-plu' -rif-orm)  [dwwrAoc,  unarmed; 
ovpd,  tail  ;  forma,  form].  Resembling  or  related  to 
a  louse. 

Anopsia  [an-op' -se-ah)  [dv  priv.;  oi/'tc,  vision].  See 
Amblyopia. 

Anopsy  [an'-op-se).     Same  as  Anopsia. 

Anopylus  [an-o-pi' -lus)  [ana,  forward  ;  icvfa/,  a  gate]. 
I  issauer's  term  for  a  skull  in  which  there  is  a  strong 
forward  inclination  of  the  foramen  magnum. 

Anorchia  (an-or'-ke-ah).      See  Anarchism. 

Anorchism  (an'-or-kizm)  [dvpriv.  ;  bpxic,  the  testicle]. 
Absence  of  the  testicles. 

Anorchous  (an-or'-hus)  [dv  priv.  ;  bpxir,  the  testicle]. 
Without  testicles. 

Anorchus  (an-orf -kus)  [d  priv.;  op ;f«c,  the  testicle],  A 
person  in  whom  the  testicles  are  absent  or  not  de- 
scended. 

Anorectic,  Anorectous  [an-o-rek'-tik,  an-o-rck'-tus) 
[dv  priv.  ;   6/)tf<c,  appetite].      Without  an  appetite. 

Anorexia  (an-o-rek'  -se-ah)  [dv  priv.  ;  bpei-iq,  appetite]. 
Absence  or  diminution  of  appetite,  occurring  in  gastric 
diseases,  fevers,  and  many  chronic  affections.  A., 
Hysteric.  See  Apepsia,  Hysteric.  A.  nervosa,  an 
hysteric  affection  occurring  chiefly  in  young  neurotic 
females.  It  is  characterized  by  extreme  emaciation 
and  a  great  aversion  to  food. 

Anorganic  (an-or-gan'-ik)  [dpriv.  ;  bpyavov,  an  organ]. 
Not  containing  organs,  as  the  epidermis. 

Anorhin  (an'  -or-in)  \hvu,  upward;  pig,  the  nose].  A 
term  applied  by  Lissauer  to  skulls  in  which  the  sub- 
nasal  point  lies  above  the  radius  Jixus  taken  as  a 
horizontal. 

Anorophos  (an-o'-ro-fos)  [d  priv.  ;  bpoipoc,  a  roof]. 
Not  having  the  skull-cap. 

Anorthopia  (an-or-tho1 '-pe-ah)  [dvpriv.  ;  bpHor,  straight ; 

< ,  vision].      1.    A  defect  in  vision  in  which  straight 

lines  do  not  seem  straight,  and  parallelism  or  symmetry 

is  not  properly  perceived.      2.  Squinting;   obliquity  of 

vision. 

Anorthosis  (an-or-tho'-sis)  [drpriv.  ;  bpttuaic,  a  making 
straight].      Absence  or  defect  of  erectility. 

Anosia  (an-o' -se-ah)  [d  priv.  ;  vbooc,  disease].  With- 
out disease  ;   normal  health. 

Anosmia  [an-ozr -me-ah)  [dv  priv.  ;  bapf},  smell]. 
Partial  or  complete  loss  of  the  sense  of  smell,  due 
either  to  local  disease  or  disease  of  the  olfactory 
nerves  or  bulb.  It  is  associated  with  impairment  or 
loss  of  the  sense  of  taste 

Anosphrasia  [an-os-fra' -ze-ah\  [dv  priv.  ;  bromaia, 
smell].      Defect  or  absence  ol  the  sense  of  smell. 

Anosphresia  (an-os-fre1  se-ah).     See  Anosphresis. 

Anosphresis  [an-os-fre' '-sis)  [dv  priv.  ;  botypTjoig,  odor]. 
Same  as  Anosphrasia. 

Anosphresy  (an-os4 '-fre-se).     See  Anosphresia. 

Anospinal  (a  no  \pi'  nal)  [anus,the  fundament;  spina, 
tin-  backbone].  Relating  to  the  anus  and  the  spinal 
cord.  A.  Center  i-  situated  in  the  lumbar  portion  of 
the  spinal  cord  ;    it  controls  the  anal  sphincters. 

Anostomus  [an-o-sto* '-mus)  [avu,  upward  ;  ardpa, 
mouth].  Lissauer' s  term  for  a  skull  in  which  the 
alveolar  point  is  elevated  above  the  radius  fixUS,  the 
latter  being  horizontal. 


ANOSTOSIS 


91 


A.VI  EPEC1  1  S 


Anostosis  (an-os-to'-sis)  [dvpriv.  ;  bariov,  bone],     De 
fective  development  of  bone. 

Anotus  (an-o'-tus)  [av  priv.  ;  ovg,  the  ear].  An  earless 
monstrosity. 

Anovesical  (a-no-ves' -ik-al)  [anus,  the  fundament; 
vesica,  the  bladder].  Pertaining  conjointly  to  the 
anus  and  urinary  bladder. 

Anoxyemia(()«-i*-t,-[''-wi'-c/')  [avpriv.;  oxygen;  ai/ia, 
blood].  An  abnormal  condition  due  to  the  breathing 
of  an  insufficient  amount  of  oxygen  ;  mountain  sick- 
ness; balloon  sickness. 

Ansa  (an'-sah)  [L. ,  a  "  handle  :"//.,  Ansa\  A  loop 
or  curved  structure  suggesting  by  its  form  the  handle 
of  a  vessel ;  a  loop  in  a  nerve,  intestine,  or  vessel,  or 
in  a  surgeon's  thread.  A.  capitis,  the  zygomatic 
arch.  A.,  Haller's,  the  loop  formed  by  the  nerve 
joining  the  facial  and  glossopharyngeal  nerves.  A., 
Henle's.  See  Henles  Loop.  A.  hypoglossi,  a 
loop  formed  at  the  middle  of  the  neck  by  the  junction 
of  the  descendens  noni  nerve  with  branches  of  the 
second  and  third  cervical  nerves.  A.  of  Reil,  the 
name  given  to  that  portion  of  the  brain  just  ventrad  of 
the  thalamus.  A.  sacralis,  a  loop  joining  the  gan- 
glion impar  (G.  Walteri)  with  the  sympathetic  trunks 
of  the  two  sides.  A.  of  Vieussens,  a  loop  extend- 
ing from  the  third  cervical  ganglion  and  surrounding 
the  subclavian  artery.  A.  of  Wrisberg,  the  nerve 
joining  the  right  great  splanchnic  and  right  pneumo- 
gastric  nerves. 

Anserine  (an'-ser-in)  [anscrinus :  anscr,  a  goose]. 
Resembling  a  goose.  A.  Disease,  an  emaciation  of 
the  hands,  rendering  the  tendons  unduly  prominent, 
and  suggesting  the  appearance  of  a  goose's  foot.  A. 
Skin.     See  Cutis  anserina. 

Anstie's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Ansulate  (an'-su-lai)  [ansula,  a  little  handle].  The 
coiled  and  bent-over  extremity  of  a  stem  or  tendril.    • 

Ant-,  Anti-  (ant-  or  an'-te)  [avri,  against].  Prefixes 
to  compound  words  signifying  opposed  to,  against, 
counteracting,  etc. 

Antacid  (ant-as'-id)  [anti,  against ;  acidus,  acid].  A 
substance  counteracting  or  neutralizing  aciditv ;  an 
alkali. 

Antacrid  (ant-ak'-rid)  [anti,  against;  acer,  sharp]. 
Correcting  acridity  in  the  secretions.  A.  Tincture. 
See  Guaiac  Mixture,  Tenner  s. 

Antadiform  (ant-ad' -if-orm)  [anti,  opposite ;  ad, 
toward;  forma,  form].  In  biology,  having  the  dor- 
sal and  ventral  contours  inversely  similar,  as  in  certain 
fishes. 

Antagonism  (an-tag' -o-nizm)  [avTayarvt&cdai,  to  strug- 
gle against].  Opposed  activity,  as  of  two  sets  of 
muscles  or  of  two  remedial  agents. 

Antagonist  (an-tag' -o-nist)  [avTayoviorf/s,  counteract- 
ing]. A  term  applied  to  a  drug  that  neutralizes  the 
therapeutic  effects  of  another.  In  anatomy,  a  muscle 
that  acts  in  opposition  to  another.  Applied  also  to 
diseases  that  seem  to  exclude  each  other.  See  Drug. 
A.,  Associated,  a  name  given  to  that  muscle  of  a 
healthy  eye  that  turns  the  globe  in  the  same  direction 
as  the  affected  muscle  of  the  opposite  eye  would,  if 
normal,  turn  the  eye  to  which  it  belongs. 

Antagonistic  (an-tag-o-nis'-tik)  [avTayawtarf)Q,  counter- 
acting].     Opposing.      A.    Drugs,    Table    of.     See- 
Drug. 

Antalgic  (ant-al'-jik)  [avri,  against;  aXyog,  pain].  I. 
Relieving  pain.      2.   A  remedy  relieving  pain. 

Antalkaline  (ant-al' -kal-in  or  -en).  An  agent  neutral- 
izing alkalies,  as  acids. 

Antambulacral  (ant-am-bu-la' -kral)  [inn,  against; 
ambulacrum,  a  walk].  In  biology,  located  opposite 
or  away  from  the  ambulacra. 


Antaphrodisiac     (ant-af-ro-diz' -e-ak)     [in-!,     against; 
a,  sexual   desin].      I.    Lessening  the  venereal 

d(  -ires.      2.    An   agent   that   lessens   the  venereal  im- 
pulse; an  anaphrodisiac. 
Antapoplectic       (ant-ap-o-plek' '-tik)     [avri,      a^aimt  ; 

ii-t,-'/ i,:ki,     apoplexy].       Efficient     in     preventing    or 

treating  apoplexy. 
Antarthritic  (ant  ar-thrit'-ik)  [inn,  against ;  <i/)'//</- 

gouty].      I.    Relieving  the  gout.      2.    A  medicine  for 

the  relief  of  gout. 
Antasthenic   (ant-as-then' -i&)   [avri,  against;  aoQtveia, 

weakness].       lending  to  correct  debility  and  restore 

the  strength. 
Antasthmatic  (ant-az-maf '-ik)   [inn,  against ;    bxsQpa, 

short     breath].       I.      Relieving     the     asthma.      2.     A 

medicine  serving  for  the  relief  of  asthma. 
Antatrophic    (ant-at-rof '-ik)    [avri,  against;    arpt 

wasting].      I.    Preventing    atrophy.      2.  A   drug    I 

will  prevent  wasting  or  atrophy. 
Antebrachium       (an-te-bra' '-ke-um)     [ante,      bet' 

brachium,  the  arm].      The  forearm. 
Antechamber    (an' ' -te-chdm-ber)    [ante,  before;    ME., 

chamber,  a  room].      In    biology,  the  space  between 

the  guard-cells  of  a  stoma. 
Antecoxal   (an-te-koks'-al)    [ante,    before;     coxa,    the 

hip  joint].      In  biology,  located  anterior  to  a  coxa. 
Antecurvature    (an-te-ker1 '  -vat-chur)    [ante,    forward  ; 

curvatus,  bent].      A  forward  curvatui 
Antedisplacement     (an-te-dis-plds'  -ment)     [ante, 

ward;    <  >.   F.,   desplacer,  to  put  out  of  place].      For- 

ward  displacement  of  a  part  or  organ. 
Antedonin    (an-te-don' -in)    [AnteJon,  a  crinoid,   from 

avftiiKw,  the  Greek    medlar].      A    pigment   obtained 

from  Comatida  rosacea,  a  crinoid  echinoderm. 
Anteflexion  (an-te-flek' -shun)    [ante,  before;   flectere, 

to    bend].      A   bending  forward.      A.    of    Uterus,  a 

condition    in    which    the    fundus    sinks    between    the 

cervix  and  the  neck  of  the  bladder. 
Antefurca     (au-te-fer'-ka/i)     [ante,    before;    furca,    a 

fork].      In  biology,  a  Y-shaped  chitinous  prop  affixed 

to  the  under  surface    of    the    thorax    of    insects  and 

projecting  into   the    thoracic    cavity.      Cf.    Medifurca 

and  Postfnrca. 
Antegrade     (an'-te-grad)     [antegredi ',    to     precede]. 

Anabolic  ;   not  retrograde  or  catabolic. 
Antehelix  (an-te-he'-liks).     See  Anthelix. 
Antelocation  (an-te-lo-ka' -shun)   [ante,  before  ;    locus, 

a  place].      The  forward  displacement  of  an  organ  or 

viscus. 
Antembasis  (ant-em' -bas-is)  [avrefipaotc,  interlocking]. 

The  setting  or  locking  of  bones. 
Antemetic  (ant-e-met'-ik).     See  Antiemetic. 
Ante  mortem  (an'-te  mor'-tem)  [L.].      Before  death. 
Antenarial   (an-te-na'-re-al)   [ante,  before;   nares,  the 

nostrils].      Situated  in  front  of  the  nostrils. 
Antenna    (an-len'-ah)  [avreiveiv,  to  stretch   out].      In 

biology,  one  of  the  paired,  articulated,  sensory  appen- 
dages of  the  head  of  an  arthropod.      One  of  a  pair  of 

long  additions  to  the  male  flower  in  certain   orchids. 
Antennaria  (an-ten-a'-re-ah).     See  Everlasting. 
Anteocular  (an-te-ok* '-u-lar)  [ante,  before;    oculus,  the 

eye].      In  biology,  situated  in  advance  of  the  eyes. 
Anteoperculum    (an-te-o-per' -ku-lum)    [ante,    before; 

operculum,  a  lid].      In  biology,  the  Preoperculum, 
Anteorbital  (an-te-or'-bit-al  )  [ante,  before;   orbita,  the 

track  of  a  wheel].      In  comparative  anatomy,  placed 

in  advance  of  the  eyes. 
Ante  partum  (an'-te par' -turn)  [P.]-     Before  delivery. 
Antepectoral  (an-te-pek'-tor-al)  [ante,  before;   pectus, 

the  breast].      Placed  in  front  of  the  chest. 
Antepectus   (an-te-pek'-tus)  [ante,    before;    pectus,  the 

breast].    In  biology,  the  sternal  region  of  the  prothorax. 


AN  11  1'lllAl    I  I' 


92 


\\ I HRACE M 


Antephialtic  -al'-tik)  [avri,  against ; 

nightmare].      Preventive  of  nightmare. 

Antepileptic  '■;';>  [avri,  against ;   tirtt 

epilepsy!.      Relieving  epilepsy. 

Anteprostatic   [an-t 

tut/,'  ,  one  who  stands  before].  Situated  before  the 
prostate.  A.  Glands,  certain  small  accessor]  glands 
sometimes  found  between  Cowper's  gland  and  the 
pri  state. 

Anterethic    (an-tei    th'-ik)    [avri,    against;     epetito 
irritation].     Soothing;   allaying  irritation. 

Anterior    tan-it*  [anterius,    forward].      Situated 

ventrad  or  bemad  of  a  corresponding  organ,  the  latter 
beii  j  nated  as  posterior  (or  posterius).     A.  Po- 

liomyelitis, inflammation  in  the  anterior  horns  of  the 
spinal  cord,  giving  rise  to  a  characteristic  paralysis  ; 
common  in  children.  A.  Rotation,  the  forward  turn- 
ing of  the  presenting  [>art  in  labor. 

Antero-  (an'-te-ro-^anterior,  before].     A  prefix  signify- 
position  in  front. 

Anterograde  (an' ' -te-ro-grad)  [anterior,  before;  gredi, 
to  go].      Proceeding  from  before  ;   moving  back. 

Antero-inferior  [an' ' -te-ro-in-fe1 '-re-or)  [anterior,  for- 
ward ;   inferior,  lower].      Situated  in  front  and  below. 

Antero-lateral  (an/-te-ro-/at/-er-al)  [(interior,  before; 
lotus,  a  side].  In  front  and  to  or  on  one  side  ;  from 
the  front  to  one  side. 

Antero-parietal    (an'-te-ro-par-i'-et-al)    [(interior,  be- 
fore ;  paries,  a  wall].      Anterior  and  also  parietal.     A 
Area,  the   anterior    part   of   the  parietal    area  of   the 
cranium.     A.  Gyrus,  or  Convolution,  the  ascending 
frontal  convolution  of  the  brain. 

Antero-posterior  (an' ' -te-ro-pos-te' '-re-or)  [(interior,  for- 
ward ;  posterior,  backward].  From  before  backward. 
A.  Plane.      See  Median  plane. 

Antero-superior  {an' ' -te-ro-su-pe' '-re-or)  [anterior,  for- 
ward ;   superior,  upper].      In  front  and  above. 

Anterotic  [ant-e-rof -ik)  [avri,  against;  kpurixAg,  per- 
taining to  love].     Anaphrodisiac. 

Ante-uterine  (an-te-u' '-ter-in)  [ante,  before;  uterus, 
the  womb].      In  front  of  the  womb. 

Anteversion   (an-te-ver' '-shun)   [ante,  before;    vertere, 
turn].      A    turning    forward.      A.  of  Uterus,  the 
fundu-  i-  bent  toward  the  symphysis  pubis,  the  cervix 
toward  the  sacrum. 

Anthela  [an' '-the-lah)  [avdfj'Ar],  the  downy  plume  of 
the  reed].      In  biology,  an  open  paniculate  cyme. 

Anthelicine  (an-thel' -is-in)  [avtiiXi^,  the  inner  curva- 
ture of  the  ear].      Pertaining  to  the  anthelix. 

Anthelix  (ant'-he-tiks  or  an' '-the-liks)  [avtiiX.il;,  the  inner 
curvature   of  the   ear].        The   ridge   surrounding   the* 
ha  of  the  external  ear  posteriorly. 

Anthelmintic  [an-thel-min' -tik)  [avri,  against;  e'A/uvg, 
a  worm].  I.  Efficacious  against  worms.  2.  A  ver- 
micide. An  agent  either  killing  or  rendering  power- 
less  intestinal  parasites;  a  vermifuge  expels  worm-. 

Anthemis  (an'-them-is)  [avtie/ur,  a  flower].  Camo- 
mile. The  flower-heads  of  A.  nobilis,  with  properties 
due  to  a  volatile  oil,  a  camphor,  and  a  bitter  principle. 
I  seful  in  coughs  and  spasmodic  infantile  complaints. 
An  excellent  stomachic  tonic.  Infusion  of  ziv  to  <>j, 
given  in  doses  of  jfj— ij.  No  official  preparations. 
A..    Extract    (B.    P.),    dose  gr.   ij-x.       A.,     Infus. 

(15.     I'.  I.     dose      gj-iv.        A.    Ol.,    the    volatile     oil    of 

camomile.      I  »o-e  mjj  -x,  in  sugar. 
Anthemoptyic  (ant-hem  -opt-te-ik)  [avri,  against;  alfia, 

blood  ;  .    a    spitting].     Checking    pulmonary 

hemorrhage. 
Anthemorrhagic     (ant-hem-or-aj' '-ik)    [avri,    against; 

(nun,  blood  ;  payia,  a  bursting].     Checking  or  tending 

to  prevent  hemorrhai 
Anther  (an'-ther)  [avtir/p6g,  in  full  bloom].     In  biology, 


the  male  sexual  organ  in  plants  ;  tin-  summit  and  essen- 
tial part  ol  the  stamen.  It  contains  the  pollen  or 
fecundating  substance  of  the  flower. 

Antheridia  [an-ther-id' '-e-ah).  Plural  of  Antheridi- 
urn,  q.  v, 

Antheridium  (an-ther-id/-e-um)  [anthera,  anther ;  Gr. 
dim.,  iduni].  The  male  or  fertilizing  organ  of  higher 
cryptogams;     the   organ    that    produces    antherOZOids. 

Antherozoid  \an'  ther-o-zo-id )  [anthera.  anther;  zooides, 
zooid].  In  biology,  one  of  the  motile  fertilizing 
bodies  of  higher  cryptogams,  analogous  to  the  sper- 
matozoid  of  animals.  The  male  reproductive  cell  of 
cryptogams. 

Anthesis  (an-the'-sis)  [avtirjoig]  the  full  bloom  of  a 
flower].       The  act  of  flowering  ;  florescence. 

Anthocarpous  (an-tho-kar1 '-pus)  [avtiog,  flower;  napirdq, 
fruit].  In  biology,  applied  to  collective  or  accessory 
fruits  characterized  by  thickened  flora]  envelopes. 

Anthoclinium  (an-tho-klin'-e-um)  [avtiog,  llower;  kX'ivt], 
abed].      See  Clinanthium. 

Anthocyanin  (an-tho-si/ -an-in)  [avtiog,  flower;   K&< 
blue].      The  soluble  pigment  of  blue  flowers. 

Anthodium  (an-thof -de-um)  [avtiog,  a  flower;  eldog, 
form].  In  biology,  the  so-called  "flower"  of  the 
Composite,  really  a  capitulum  or  head  of  flowers. 

Anthogenesis     (an-tho-jen' -es-is)     [avtiog,    a    flower; 
ykvectq,  production].      In  biology,  a  phase  of  alterna 
tion  of  generations  exhibited  by  certain  hemipterous 
insects,  plant  lice,  etc. 

Antholeucin  (an-tho-lu'-sin)  [avtiog,  a  flower ;  AevKdg, 
white].     The  soluble  pigment  of  white  flowers. 

Antholysis  (an-thol' '-is-is)  [avtiog,  a  flower;  Vvoig,  a 
breaking  up].  In  biology,  that  retrograde  metamor- 
phosis in  which  the  normal  character  or  location  of 
the  parts  of  a  flower  is  altered. 

Anthony's  Fire,  St.     A  popular  name  for  Erysipelas. 

Anthophilous  (an-thoff'-il-tts)  [avtiog,  a  flower;  0'>«.  , 
loving].      In  biology,  fond  of  flowers,  as  a  bee. 

Anthophore  (an'-tlio-for)  [avtiog,  a  flower;  (j>ipuv,  to 
bear].  In  biology,  the  stalk  that  bears  the  corolla, 
stamens,  and  pistil  in  certain  flowers,  formed  by  the 
elongation  of  the  internode  between  the  calyx  and 
corolla. 

Anthotaxis  (an-tho-taks'-is)  [avtiog,  a  flower;  Tagtg, 
order].     The  arrangement  of  flowers  in  flower-clusters. 

Anthoxanthin,  Anthoxanthine  (an-tho-zan' '-thin) 
[avtiog,  llower;  i;av06g,  yellow].  In  biology,  the  yel- 
lowish pigments  of  fruits  and  flowers. 

Anthozooid  [an-tho-zo'-oid)  [avtiog,  a  flower;  (tior,  an 
animal  ;  eldog,  likeness].  A  single  zooid  of  the  flower- 
like animals,  Aetinozoa  ;  e.  g.,  a  coral  polyp. 

Anthracemia  (an-thras-e' '-me-ah)  [avtipa\,  a  coal; 
nii/a,  blood].  Wool-sorter's  disease  ;  splenic  fever  of 
animals;  the  presence  in  the  blood  of  Baeillus 
anthracis,  the  microbe  of  true  anthrax  or  malignant 
pustule. 

Anthracene  [an1 -thra-sin)  [avtipai;,  a  coal],  C]4H10. 
A  hydrocarbon  formed  from  many  carbon  compounds 
when  they  are  exposed  to  a  high  heat;  also  from 
coal-tar.  It  crystallizes  in  colorless,  monoclinic 
tables,  showing  a  beautiful  bhu  fluorescence;  dis- 
solves with  difficulty  in  alcohol  and  ether,  but  easily 
in  hot  benzene  ;  melts  at  2130.  It  is  the  base  from 
which  artificial  alizarin  is  prepared.  A.  Colors.  See 
Pigments,  (  onspectus  of.  A.  Oil,  the  fraction  of  coal- 
tar  distilling  from  2700  C.  and  over.  It  consists  of 
that  portion  of  the  tar  that  is  made  up  of  bodies 
possessing  the  highest  boiling  points,  and  is  distin- 
guished from  the  heavy  oil  fraction  by  a  separation, 
on  cooling,  of  solid  matters.  In  it  has  been  found 
naphthalene,  methyl  naphthalene,  anthracene,  phen- 
anthrene,  methyl  anthracene,  pyrene,  carbazol,  etc. 


ANTHRACIA 


93 


AVI  HYI'<  h   IK  .\I.RIAC 


Anthracia  (an-tkra'-st  ah)   [avdpai;,  a  coal].      A  name 
for  diseases  characterized  by  the  formation  of  carbun 
cles.     A.  pestis,  the  plague.     A.  rubula.     Synonym 
of  Frambesia. 

Anthracic  (an-thras' -ik)  [avdpai;,  a  coal].  Pertaining 
to  or  of  the  nature  of  anthrax. 

Anthracite  (anf -thras-lt)  [avdpai;,  a  coal].  A  variety 
of  mineral  coal  containing  but  little  hydrogen,  and 
therefore  burning  almost  without  flame. 

Anthracnosis  (an-thrak-nt/ -sis)  [avdpai;,  a  coal  ;  v6 
disease].      Black  rot,  a  fungus  disease  of  vines,  caused 
by  the  Phoma  uvicola,  or  Sphacelotna  ampelium. 

Anthracoid  [an' ' -thrak-oid)  [avdpai;,  coal ;  eldog,  form]. 
Resembling  anthrax. 

Anthracometer  (an-thrak-om/ -et-er)  [avdpai;,  coal ; 
pkrpov,  a  measure].  An  instrument  for  estimating 
the  amount  of  carbon  dioxid  in  the  air. 

Anthracometry  (an-thrak-om' '-et-re)  [avdpai;,  carbon  ; 
perpov,  a  measure].  The  determination  of  the  amount 
of  carbon  dioxid  in  air. 

Anthraconecrosis      (an-thrak-o-ne-krof -sis)      [avd 
coal;   vinpaaig,  death].      The  necrotic  transformation 
of  a  tissue  into  a  black  mass,  as  in  dry  gangrene. 

Anthracosis  (an-thrak-of -sis)  [avdpai;,  carbon;  vbaog, 
disease].  A  chronic  interstitial  pneumonitis  with  pig- 
mentation of  the  lung,  in  coal-miners. 

Anthracotyphus  (an-thrak-o-H' -fus)  [avdpai;,  a  coal ; 
Tbipog,  smoke,  stupor].      Synonym  of  the  Plague. 

Anthrakokali  (an-thrak-o' -kal-e)  [avdpai-,  coal;  Ar. , 
qali,  soda  ash].  An  alkaline  powder  made  by  heating 
powdered  mineral  coal  with  a  strong  solution  of 
caustic  potash,  with  or  without  sulphur.  It  is  used 
internally  and  externally  in  skin  diseases,  rheumatism, 
etc.      Unof. 

Anthranilic  Acid  (an-thran-W  -ik).     See  Acid. 

Anthranol  (anf -thran-ol)  [avdpai-,  coal;  oleum,  oil], 
CuH10O.  A  body  isomeric  with  anthrol.  It  is  pro- 
duced by  the  careful  reduction  of  anthraquinone  with 
tin  and  acetic  acid.  It  crystallizes  from  alcohol  in 
shining  needles,  melting  with  decomposition  at  1650. 

Anthraquinone  (an-thra-kwin-on')  [avdpai; >  coal ;  Sp. , 
quina,  bark] ,  CuH802.  Produced  by  oxidizing  an- 
thracene with  HNOv  It  sublimes  in  yellow  needles, 
melting  at  2770,  soluble  in  hot  benzene  and  HN03. 

Anthrarobin  [an-thra-ro'  -bin)  [avdpai;,  coal  ;  aroba, 
E.  Ind.  name  for  the  bark  of  a  leguminous  tree]. 
A  derivative  of  alizarin,  similar  to  chrysarobin.  A 
yellowish-white  powder,  insoluble  in  water,  but  solu- 
ble in  alcohol  and  dilute  alkaline  solutions.  Useful 
in  psoriasis.      Unof. 

Anthrax  (an'-thraks)  [arfipaz,  a  coal  or  carbuncle].  I. 
A  carbuncle;  a  painful,  dark-colored  tumor  of  the 
cellular  tissue,  ending  in  mortification  of  the  part  and 
the  discharge  of  a  fetid,  bloody  pus.  The  benignant 
anthrax  has  no  fatal  consequences.  2.  The  true  or 
malignant  anthrax,  called  also  malignant  pustule,  is 
caused  by  the  infection  from  animals  suffering  from 
splenic  apoplexy,  and  is  due  to  a  specific  bacillus, 
which,  from  a  single  center,  may  extend  over  the  body 
and  invade  the  intestinal  tract,  producing  in  this  way, 
or  by  direct  infection  of  diseased  meat,  the  intestinal 
type  of  the  disease.  See  Bacillus  (anthrax).  3.  The 
disease  called  black-leg,  or  quarter-evil  (of  sheep, 
cattle,  etc.),  is  associated  with  what  is  called  symptom- 
atic anthrax.  It  is  due  to  the  microorganism  called 
Bacillus  chauvcri,  (Arloing,  Cornevin  and  Thorn 
A.  Fever.  Synonym  of  Anthrax.  A.,  Internal.  See 
Pustula  maligna.     A.,  Symptomatic.    See  /Hack-leg. 

Anthrol  (an'-throl)  [avdpai;,  a  coal],  C14H10O.  A 
body  obtained  from  anthracene-sulphonic  acid.  It  crys- 
tallizes in  leaflets,  dissolving  with  a  yellow  color  in  the 
alkalies,  and  in  If, St  i(  with  a  blue  color  when  heated. 


Anthrophobia  (an-thro-fo'-be-ah).    See  .  inthropopkobia. 

Anthropiatrics   (an-thro-pe-af '-riks)    [avdpuirog,     man; 
iaTpuci),  the  art  oi    medicine].      Ordinary  human  (non 
veterinary)  medicine. 

A.ntiixapobiology(an-thro-po-bi-ol/-o-je)[av9puirog,  man; 
.   life;    \6yog,  word].      The    science  of    the    life- 
history  of  man. 

Anthropocholic  Acid  (an-thro-po-kol'-ik).     See  . 

Anthropogenesis  (an-thro-po-jen/-es-is)[avdpuirog,  man ; 
:iinn.  generation].      The  development  of  man,  as  a 
race  (phylogenesis)  and  a-  an  individual  (ontogenesis). 

Anthropogenous  (an-thro-poj' '-en  us)  [avdpuirog,  man; 
yewaeiv,  to  produce].  Pertaining  to  Anthropoge- 
nesis. 

Anthropogeny     (an-thro-poj' '-en-e)     [avdpuirog,     man; 
vaeiv,  to  produce].      The   study  or  science  of  the 
descent  of  man. 

Anthropoglot  (an' ' -thro-po-glot)  [avdpuirog,  man;  -//<.,n 
nn,  the  tongue].      I  Iuman-tongued,  as  a  parrot. 

Anthropography   (an-thro-pog' -ra-fe)  [avdpuirog,   man; 
>  iv,  to  write].      A  treatise  upon  the  human  struc- 
ture or  organism. 

Anthropoid    (au'-thro-poid)    [aeftpu-or,   a  man  ; 

form],      Man-like,  as  an  ape,  or  as  all  primates  above 
the  lemuroids. 

Anthropology  (an-tkro-pol ' -o-je)[a  .man;  / 

discourse].       The   science  of  the  nature,  physical  and 
psychological,  of  man  and  of  mankind. 

Anthropometalism  1  an-thro-po-met' '-al izm)  [avdpuirog, 
man;  M.I'..,  metal"].  Hypnotism  or  the  like  condition, 
induced  by  looking  at  a  metallic  disc. 

Anthropometer  (an-thro-pom' -et-er)    [avdpo-or,    man ; 
rpov,  a  measure].      An  instrument  used   in   anthro- 
pometry. 

Anthropometry  (an-thro-pomf-et-re)  [ardpu-or ,  man  ; 
uerpov,  a  measure].  The  determination  of  the  meas- 
urement, weight,  strength,  and  proportions  of  the 
human  body. 

Anthropomorphic     (an-thro-po-mor1 '-fik)  .>-<ir. 

man  ;    uop<pi/,  form].      Man-like. 

Anthroponosography  (an-thro-po-no-sog' -ra  fe)  [a 
-or,    man;    voaog,    sickness;   ypcupeiv,    to    write].      A 
description  of  the  diseases  of  mankind. 

Anthropophagy     (an-thro-poff'-a-je)    [avdpuirog,   man  ; 
layecv,  to  devour].      I.  Cannibalism.      2.   Sexual  per- 
version leading  to  rape,  mutilation,  and  cannibalism. 

Anthropophobia  (an-thro-po-fo1 '-be-ah)  [di  man  ; 

(poflog,  fear].      A  symptom  of  mental  disease  consist- 
ing in  fear  of  society. 

Anthropophysiography  (an-thro-po-fiz-e-og* '-ra-fe)  [-av- 
dpuirog, man;  tpvoig,  nature;  ypatj>eiv,  to  write].  The 
science  or  description  of  the  natural  characters  of  the 
human  species. 

Anthroposomatology  (an-thro-po-so-mat-ol'-o-  v )  [av- 
dpuirog, man;  au/ia,  body;  "Kb  ience].  The 
sum  of  what  is  known  regarding  the  human  body. 

Anthropotomy  (an-thro-pof '-o-me)  [avdpuirog,  man; 
-mi/,  section].  Human  anatomy,  or  dissection  of  the 
human  body. 

Anthropotoxin  (an-thro-pof -toks-in)  [avdpuirog,  man; 
riK/hiie,  poison].  The  toxic  substance  excreted  by  the 
lungs  of  human  being 

Anthropurgic      (an-thro-per/-jik)      [avdpuirog,      man; 
iv,  work].      Acted  upon  or  influenced  by  man. 

Anthydropic  (ant-hi-drop* -ik)  [avri,  against;  vSup, 
water].      Effective  against  dropsy. 

Anthypnotic  (ant- hip-not' -ik)  [avti,  against ;  hirvog, 
-leep].  1.  Preventive  of  sleep.  2.  An  agent  that 
tends  to  induce  wakefulness. 

Anthypochondriac  (ant-hip-o-kon'-dre-ak)  [avri, 
against;  inroxovdpiaiwg,  affected  in  the  hypochond- 
rium].      Efficient  in  overcoming  hypochondriasis. 


AN  fHYSTERIC 


94 


AN  flDOTAL 


Anthystenc  ii)  [avri,  against;  varipa,  the 

womb].     (  Overcoming  bysteria. 

Anti-     an'-te-)    (sometimes  contracted  to  ant)  [err, 
against  J.       A  prefix    of  compound    words   signifying 
'.interaction,  opposition,  etc. 

Antiaditis    (an-ti-ad-i' -t  a  swollen  tonsil  ; 

tnr,  inflammation].     Tonsillitis. 

Antiadoncus    [an-ti  .'its)     [avriag,    a    swollen 

tonsil ;  heap].     Any  tumor  or  swelling  of  the 

tonsils. 

Antiae  (an'-ti    i    [  intia  ,  the  hair  growing  on  the   fore 
head].     In    biology,   the    frontal    points   or   feathers 
growing  forward  on  the  base  of  the  upper  mandible. 

Antialbumate  (an-te-al' -bu-mat)  [avrt,  against;  albu- 
n,  white  of  egg].  Parapeptone;  a  product  of 
hydrochloric  acid  digestion  on  albumin.  I  be  pan 
atic  ferment  changes  it  into  antipeptone.  When 
treated  with  acids  it  is  converted  into  the  substance 
called  by  Kiihne  antialbumid,  which  i-  identical  with 
the  hemiprotein  of  Schutzenberger  and  the  dyspeptone 
oi  Meissner,    •. 

Antialbumid   (an-te-al' -bu-mid).      See    Antialbumate. 

Anti-albumin  (an-te-al-bu' '-mitt)  [avri,  against;  albu- 
men, white  of  egg].  An  alleged  product  of  the 
action  of  dilute  hydrochloric  acid  upon  albumin  ;  it  is 
probably  one  of  the  preformed  substances  existing  in 
the  proteid  molecule.  The  other  has  been  called 
hemi-albumin.  Oastric  juice  first  convert--  them  into 
anti-albumose  and  hemi-albumose,  and  these  finally 
into  anti-peptone  and  hemi-peptone. 

Anti-albumose  (an-te-al-bu' -mos)  [avri,  against  ; 
albumen,  white  of  egg].  One  of  the  albumoses  pro- 
duced by  the  action  of  pancreatic  juice  on  albumin. 
It  resembles  syntonin  or  acid  albumin,  and  is  con- 
vertible into  antipeptone. 

Antiaphrodisiac  [an-te-af-ro-dis'  -e-ak).  See  Anaphro- 
disx 

Antiar  (an'-te-ar).     See  Antiarin. 

Antiarin  (an'-te-ar-in)  [Javanese,  antiar  or  antschar~\, 
t',,11  ,'i  2H  0.  The  active  principle  of  Antiaris 
toxicaria  or  Upas  antiar,  the  Javanese  poison-tree. 
It  is  used  as  an  arrow  poison,  and  is  intensely 
poisonous.      It  is  a  cardiac  depressant.     Dose  gr.   , 

Antiarthritic  (an-te-ar-thrit'-ik)  [avri,  against;  apdp 
the  gout].      A  remedy  against  gout. 

Antiasthmatic  (an-te-az-maf -ik)  [avri, against;  aoO/ja, 
short  breath].      Relieving  or  preventing  asthma. 

Antibacterial      (an-te-bak-te' '-re-al)      [avri,      against; 
a,  a  staff,  stick].     Opposed  to  the  germ  theory 
of  disease 

Antibacteric  ik-te'-rik)  [avri,  against ;  /?a«r 

a  staff,  stick].      Destructive  to  bacteria. 

Antibechic  (an-te-bek'-ik)  [d vri, against ;  (ir/l;,  a  cough]. 
I.  Alleviating  or  curing  cough.  2.  A  remedy  for 
cough  or  hoarseness. 

Antibilious  (an-te-bil' '-yus)  [avri,  against;  biliosus,  full 
of  bile].      Effective  against  bilious  disorders. 

Antibiotic  (an-te-bi-of '-ik)  [avri,  against;  ftiog,  life]. 
I.  Tending  to  destroy  life.  2.  Antagonistic  to  a 
belief  in  life. 

Antiblenorrhagic    (an-te-blen-or-af '-ik)   [avri,  against; 
,    mucus;    /)/,;. in/a/,  to    burst].     Efficient   in 
preventing  gonorrhea. 

Antibrachial  i  an-te-bra' -ke-al)  [diri,  against;  Qpaxiwv, 
the  arm].      Pertaining  to  the  forearm. 

Antibrachium       (an-te-bra' '-ke-um)      [dvrt,      against; 
)"■"•.  the  arm].      The  forearm;  antebrachium. 

Antibromic   (an-te-bro'-mik)   [avri,  against;     Ipu 
stench].      I.    Deodorant.     2.     A  drug    that  destroys 
n-ive  smells.      A  deodorizer. 

Anticachectic  (an-te-kak-ei'-tik)  [ami,  against ;   /.■ 
bad;   tS-tq,  habit].      Effective  in  destroying  cachexia. 


Anticalcareous  (an-te-kal-ka'-re-us)  [dvrt,  against ; 
calx,  lime].  Iii  veterinary  medicine,  preventing 
glanders. 

Anticalculous  (an-te-kaV -ku-lus)   {avri,   against;    <<//- 

cuius,  a  pebble].     Good  against  calculus;   antilithic. 
Anticarcinomatous      (an-te-kar-sin-o' -mat-us)      [avri, 

against;    icapirivuua,  cancer].      Preventing  carcinoma. 
Anticardium    (an-te-kar' -de-um)    [dvri,    over   against; 

napdia,  the  heart].     The  scrobiculus  cordis,  oi  pit  of 

the  stomach  ;   the  infrasternal  depression. 
Anticarious    (an-te-ka' -re-us)     [dvrt,    against;     caries, 

decay].      Preventing  decay,  as  of  the  teeth. 
Anticatarrhal   (an-te-kat-ar'-al)   [avri,  against;  nar&p- 

pooc,  a  flowing  down]      <  ounteracting  catarrh. 
Anticausotic  (an-te-kaw-sof-ik)  [avri,  against;  navaoq, 

heat  ].     ( Counteracting  lever. 
Anticaustic  (an-le-kaws'-tik)  [dvrt,  against;  Kavarmdc, 

caustic].     Arresting  the  action  of  a  caustic  agent. 
Antichirotetanus  (an-te-ki-ro-tet' -an-us)  \  s  the 

thumb;   rtravoq,  spasm].      Same  as  Antichirotonus. 
Antichirotonous    (an-te-ki-rot'-o-nus)     [dvrt^etp,    the 

thumb;  t6voq,  convulsive  tension].     Affected  with  or 

manifesting  antichirotonus. 
Antichirotonus   (an-te-ii-rof '-o-nus)  [avrixeip,  thumb; 

r6vog,  ten-ion].      Forcible  and  steady  inflection  of  the 

thumb,  seen  in  or  before  some  attacks  of  epilepsy. 
Antichlorotic    (an-te-klo-rof '-ik)    [dvrt,    against;    x?m 

!•"'',[■  greenness],     ('ounteracting  chlorosis. 
Anticholeric    (an-te-kol-er'-ic)    [avri,   against;  ,\"/fi"'- 

cholera].      Oood  against  cholera. 
Anticholerin  (an-te-kol' '-er-in)   \avTi,  against;  %0Aipa, 

cholera].      A  product  isolated  by  Klebs  from  cultures 

of    cholera-bacilli,    and    thought    to    be    bactericidal, 

curative,  and  immunifying. 
Anticipating    (an-tis' -ip-a-ting)     [anticipare,    to    take 

before].     Applied  to  the  occurrence  of  periodical  phe- 
nomena  in  disease  or  health,  before  their  customary 

time,  as  in  intermittent  fever  or  the  catamenia. 
Anticlinal   (an-te-kW -nal )    [cirri,    against;    nXivecv,  to 

slope].     Sloping  in  opposite  directions.  A.  Vertebra, 

in  man,  the  tenth  thoracic  vertebra,  where  the  thoracic 

vertebrae  begin  to  assume  the  characters  of  the  lumbar. 
Anticnemion  (an-tik-ne'-me-on)  [avri,  against ;  arijin;, 

leg].       The  shin  or  front  of  the  leg. 
Anticolic  (an-te-kol* -ik)   [air/,  against;  ku'/jki'/,  colic]. 

Efficacious  against  colic. 
Anticontagious  (an-te-kon-ta'-jus)  [dvrt,  against  ;  con- 

iosus,  contagion-].      ('ounteracting  contagion. 
Anticonvulsive  (an-te-kon-vul' -siv)  [dvri,  against ;  con- 

vulsits,  convulsed].      Effective  against  convulsions. 
Anticopometer  (an-tt  ko-pom' -et-er)   [uitiw://,    reson 

ance  ;  uirpov,  a  measure].     A  pleximeter. 
Anticous   (an-ti'-kus)   [anticus,  that  which  is  in  front]. 

In  biology,  turned  toward  the  center  of  the  (lower,  as 

introrse  anthers. 
Anticritical  (an-te-krit'-ik-al)   [avri,  against  ;  Kpiaig,  a 

crisis].      Preventing  the  crisis  of  a  disease. 
Anticryptic    (an-te-krip'-tic)    [avri,   against  ;    Kpfnrretv, 

to  hide,  to  keep  secret].       In  biology,  applied  to  such 

mimetic   colors  as  enable-   animals  to  approach  their 

prey,  as  in  the  frog.  Ceratoph  nut  a. 

Anticus  (an-ti'-kus)  [anticus,  that  in  front].      Anterior, 

in  front  of. 
Antidiarrheal  (ande-di  ar-e'-al)  [avri,  against  ;  dcappeiv, 

a  flowing  through].   Preventing  or  overcoming  diarrhea. 
Antidigestive  (an-te-di-j'es'-tizA  [avri,  against  ;  digestio, 

digestion].      Preventing    the    proper   digestion  of  the 

t<  .-.'I. 
Antidinic  (an  te  din'-ik)  [avri,  I  ;  6ii>oc,  a  whirl]. 

Curing  or  preventing  vertigo. 
Antidotal    (an-te-do'-t  [a  rt,    against;    Siiovat,     to 

give].     Of  the  nature  of  an  antidote. 


ANTIDOTE 


95 


AM  IM<  iMUM 


Antidote  (an'-te-dof)  [avri,  against;  ildovcu,  to  give] 
An  agent  preventing  or  counteracting  the  action  of  a 
poison.  The  official  A.,  Arsenical,  of  the  German 
Pharmacopeia  is  prepared  by  dissolving  ioo  parts  ol 
the  hydrated  sulphate  of  iron  in  250  parts  of  water, 
to  which  add  (without  heat)  15  parts  of  burnt  m 
nesia  and  2513  part-,  of  water.  A.,  Chemical, 
changes  the  chemical  nature  ol  the  poison  so  that  it 
becomes  insoluble  or  harmless.  A.,  Mechanical, 
prevents  absorption  by  holding  the  poison  in  mechani- 
cal suspension  or  by  coating  the  stomach.  A., 
Physiological,  supplies  its  own  peculiar  and  neutraliz- 
ing effect  upon  the  system.  A.,  Universal,  a 
mixture  of  one  part  of  dissolved  iron  sulphate  in  two 
parts  of  magnesia  water.      See  Drug. 

Antidotum  {an-tid'-o-tum).     See  Antidote. 

Antidromy  [an-tid'-ro-me)  [avri,  against ;  dpa/ieiv,  to 
run].  In  biology,  having  a  spiral  arrangement  the 
opposite  of  that  of  contiguous  parts.    Cf.  Heterodromy. 

Antidynamic  {an-te-di-nam' -ik)  [avri,  against ;  di   1 
force].      Weakening;  depressing. 

Antidyscratic  [an-te-dis-krat' '-ik)  \hvri,  against  ;  rfwr- 
Kpaaia,  bad  temperament].  Tending  to  overcome,  as  a 
dyscrasia. 

Antidysenteric  (an-te-dis-en-ter'-ik)  [avri,  against ; 
dvaevrep'ta,  dysentery].  I.  Serviceable  against  dys- 
entery.     2.    A  remedy  for  dysentery. 

Antidysuric  {an-te-dis-u1 '-rik)  [avri,  against ;  dvaovpia, 
difficult  micturition].      Relieving  dysury. 

Antiemetic  [an-te-e-met' -ik)  [avri,  against ;  kfieriicdg, 
causing  vomit].  Preventing  emesis  ;  relieving  nausea. 
A.  Root.     See  Ad  rue. 

Antifat  (un'-te-fat).      See  Funis  vesiculosus. 

Antifebrile  {an-te-febf-ril)  [avri,  against ;  febris,  a 
fever].       An  agent  reducing  a  fever  ;   a  febrifuge. 

Antifebrin  {an-te-feb' -rin\  [avri,  against;  febris,  a 
fever],  CfiH5.C.2H:JO.NH.  Phenyl-acetamid  acetanil- 
id.  A  white,  crystalline  powder  insoluble  in  water, 
freely  soluble  in  alcohol.  An  antipyretic  more  power 
ful  than  quinin.  Its  effects  are  manifest  in  one  hour, 
passing  away  in  3-10  hours.  It  is  efficacious  in  fevers 
characterized  by  high  temperature,  and  also  is  a  valu- 
able analgesic  and  antispasmodic.  Dose  gr.  iv-xv. 
Unof.     A.,  Bromated.     See  Antisepsin. 

Antiferment  (an-te-fer'-ment)  [avri,  against  ;  fermen- 
tum,  leaven].      An  agent  that  prevents  fermentation. 

Antigalactagogue  [an-te-gal-ak '-ta-gog)  [avri,  against ; 
;<;>'/,  milk;   ayuyot;,  leading].     Same  as  Antigalactic. 

Antigalactic  {an-te-gal-ak' '-tik)  [avri,  against;  ydXa, 
milk].  1.  Lessening  the  secretion  of  milk.  2.  A 
drug  that  lessens  the  secretion  of  milk. 

Antigeny  (an-tij'-en-e)  [avri,  against;  yivog,  race]. 
In  biology,  existing  in  two  distinct  sexual  forms. 

Antiguggler  {an-te-gug> '-ler)  [avri,  against;  gurgle]. 
A  tube  inserted  into  the  mouth  of  a  bottle  to  prevent 
the  splashing  or  gurgling  of  liquid  that  is  poured  out. 

Antihectic  {an-te-hek'-tik)  [avri,  against ;  ektik6q,  con- 
sumptive]. A  remedy  preventing  or  overcoming  a 
hectic  condition. 

Antihelix  [an-te-he* '-lik).     See  Ant  helix. 

Antiherpetic    {an-te-her-pet'-ik)   [avri,  against;  epn 
herpes].      Preventing  herpes. 

Antihidrotic  (an-te-hi-drotf -ik)  [avri,  against ;  Idp&g, 
sweat].  I.  Diminishing  the  excretion  of  sweat.  2.  An 
agent  lessening  the  secretion  of  sweat. 

Antihydropic  [an-te-hi-dro/Z-ik).     See  Anthydropic. 

Antihydropin  [an-te-hV -dro-pin)   [avri,  against  :   i 
water].      A   crystalline   principle  obtainable   from   the 
common    cockroach,   Blatta    {Periplaneta)   orien 
said  to  be  a  good  diuretic.      Formerly  used   in  dropsy. 

Anti-icteric  [an-te-ik-ter' -ik)  [avri,  against  ;  tKrepog, 
jaundice].      Serviceable  against  jaundice. 


Antikamnia  (an-te-Aam*  ne-afi)  [avri,  against;  m/iveiv, 
to  suffer  pain],     A  proprietary  remedy  said  to  be  com 
posed  of  sodium  bicarbonate,  antifebrin.  and  caflein. 
I  -eel  as  a  nervin  in  doses  ol  gi    »  I  nof. 

Antikol  (an'-tik-ol).     A  proprietary  antipyretic  mixture 
said   to  contain  acetanilid,  soda  bicarbonate  and  tar 
taric  acid. 

Antilemic.or  Antilcemic  [an-te-W '-mik) ,  or  Antiloimic 
[an-te-loi'-tnik)  [avri,  against;  7iOifi6g,  the  plague]. 
Efficai  ious  against  the  plague  or  other  pestilen 

Antilepsis   [an-til-epf -sis)   [hvt  ing  in  re 

turn].      The  treatment  of  disease  by  the  application  of 
the  remedy  to  a  health)-  part  ;   revulsive  treatment. 

Antileptic  {an-til-ep1 '-tik)  [avrifajtyig,  a  receiving  in 
return].      Revulsive. 

Antilithic  [an-te-lith' -ik)  [avri, against;  TuBog,  a  stone], 
I.     Efficacious   against   calculus.       2.     An   agent    ; 
\enting  the  deposit  of  urinary  calculi  or  sedimi 

Antilobium  (an  /,■  lo'-be-urn)  [avri,  against;  '/n  )6g,  the 
lobe  of  the  ear].  The  tragus  or  part  of  the  ear  oppo- 
site the  lobe. 

Antilcemic.     See  Antilemic. 

Antiluetic  (an-te-lu-ef -ik)  [avri,  against;  lues,  the 
plague;   syphilis].      Kthcacious  against  syphilis. 

Antilyssic  [an-te-lis'-ik)  [avri,  against;  '/innn,  rabies]. 
1.    Tending  to  cure  rabies.      2.    A  remedy  for  rab' 

Antilytic  (an-te-lit'-ik)  [avri,  against;  ~Kvta>,  to  loosen]. 
Antiparalytic. 

Antimaniacal  [an-te-ma-nV '-ak-al)  [avrt,  against  ; 
fiavia,  madness].     Overcoming  insanity. 

Antimephitie  rnef-if-ik)  [avri,  against  ;  mephitis, 

a    pestilential    exhalation].      Efficacious    against    foul 
exhalations  or  their  effects. 

Antimere  [an'  -te-mer)  [avri,  against  ;  fiipog,  a  part]. 
Any  one  of  the  segments  of  the  body  that  are 
bounded  by  planes  typically  at  right  angles  to  tin- 
long  axis  of  the  body. 

Antimiasmatic  {an-te-mi-as-mat' -iky  [avri,  against  ; 
i/ianua,  exhalation].      Preventive  of  malaria. 

Antimicrophyte  [an-te-mik '-ro-fit)  [avri,  against  ; 
fiiKpor,  small  ;   Qvrov,  plant].      A  germicide. 

Antimonial  (an-te-mo' -ne-al )  [antimoniutn ,  antimony]. 
Containing  antimony. 

Antimonic  [an-te-monr -ik)  [antimonium,  antimony]. 
A  term  applied  to  those  compounds  of  antimony 
that  correspond  to  its  higher  oxid. 

Antimonii  [an-te-mo'  -ne-i). Genitive  of  Antimonium, q.  v. 

Antimonious  {an-te-mor-ne-us)  [antimonium,  anti- 
mony]. A  term  noting  those  compounds  of  antimony 
that  correspond  to  its  lower  oxid. 

Antimonium  [an-te-mof-ne-um)  [L.,  gen.,  Antimonii]. 
Sb  =r  122;  quantivalence  1,  in,  v.  A  non-metal, 
having  a  metallic  luster.  Only  the  combinations  are 
used  in  medicine.  Antimonial  salts  are  cardiac  de- 
pressants and  promote  rapid  excretion  of  waste  pro- 
ducts of  the  body  ;  in  large  doses  they  produce  vomit- 
ing and  purging,  with  symptoms  similar  to  those  of 
cholera.  They  are  valuable  in  inflammatory  ailments 
of  the  respiratory  organs,  puerperal  peritonitis  and 
muscular  rheumatism.  A.  chlorid.,  Sht'l..  the  "but- 
ter" of  antimony;  a  strong  caustic.  Unof.  A. 
Comp.,  Pil.,  Plummer's  pills,  contain  calomel  and 
antimony  sulphuratum,  aa  gr.  ss.  A.  oxid.,  Sb 
soluble  in  hydrochloric  and  tartaric  acids.  Dosi 
j-ij.  A.  oxychlorid.,  the  "powder  of  algaroth"; 
now  little  used.  Unof.  A.  et  Potass,  tartras, 
(A.  tartaratum)  |  B.  P.  1.  2K.M><  H  ',1 1,(  >, ,.] 1 .1  K  tartrate 
of  antimony  and  potassium,  "  tartar  emetic. '*•  Dose 
gr.  tV— X*  A-  Pulvis>  powder  of  antimony,  James' 
powder,  consists  of  antimonious  oxid  ;,.  and  calcium 
phosphate,  07  parts.  A  prompt  diaphoretic.  I 
gr     iij-viij.       In    larger   doses,    emetic    and    cathartic. 


ANTIMYCO'J  I' 


96 


A.N  I  I  PYRIN 


A.  sulphid,  SbjSj,  black  sulphid  of  antimony.  I 
gr.  '+'-j.  A.  sulphuratum,  the  sulphid  with  a  small 
but  indefinite  amount  of  the  oxid.  Dose  ,^r.  j-v. 
A.  sulph.  purificatum.  Dose  gr.  '4  -j.  Syr. 
Scillae  Camp.,  Cox's  hive  mixture,  hive  syrup.  Each 
3 j  contains  gr.  '4  of  tartar  emetic.  Dose  n\y—  !jj 
cautiously.  A.  tartarato,  Ung.  ill.  P.),  one  part 
of  tartar  emetic  to  five  of  simple  ointment.  A. 
vinum,  wine  of  antimony,  boiling  water  60,  tartar 
emetic  4.  stronger  white  wine  1000  parts.  A  good 
expectorant.      Dose  n\v— xv. 

Antimycotic    >  xn-te-mi-kof -ik)    [avri,  against  ;    u\ 
a  fungus].      Destructive  of  fungal  microorganisms. 

Antinarcotic   |  in-te-nar-kof '-ik)  [avri,  against  ;  vapxa- 
.  a  benumbing].     Preventing  narcosis. 

Antinephritic  [an-te-nef-rif -ik  [avri,  against ;  veopdg, 
the  kidney  ;  trig,  inflammation].  Preventing  or  cura- 
tive of  renal  dis< 

Antinervin  [an-te-ner* -vin)  [avri,  against;  nervus,  a 
tendon  or  nerve].  Salbromalid,  a  mixture  of  brom- 
acetanilid  and  salicylanilid  ;  used  for  the  relief  of 
neuralgia.      Unof. 

Antineuralgic  [an-te-nu-ral' -jik)  [avri,  against ;  vevpov, 
a  nerve  ;  aXyog,  pain].     Overcoming  neuralgia. 

Antineurotic  nu-roP-ik)   [avri,  against  ;   vevpov, 

a  nerve].      A  remedy  of  service  in  nervous  diseases. 

Antiniad   [an-tin' -e-ad)   [avri,  against ;  iviov,  the  nape 
the  neck].      Toward  the  antinion  ;   glabellad. 

Antinial  [an-tin' -e-al)  [avri,  against;  Iviov,  the  nape 
of  the  neck].      Pertaining  to  the  antinion. 

Antinien  [an-tin' '-e-en)  [avri,  against;  iviov,  the  nape 
of  tli,    neck].      Belonging  to  the  antinion  in  itself. 

Antinion  [an-tin' '-e-ori)  [avri,  against;  iviov,  the  nape 
of  the  neck].      See  Craniometrical Points. 

Antiodont    [an' '-te-o-dont)     [avri,    opposite    to;    6< 
tooth].      A  form  of  dentition  in  which  the  crown  ridges 
of  the  molar  teeth  are  opposite,  instead  of  alternate  as 
in  amebodont  dentition. 

Antiodontalgic  [an-te-o-don-taP-jii)  [avri,  against; 
bAovg,  tooth;  akyog,  pain].     Curative  of  toothache. 

Antiorgastic  [an  '-til;)  [inn .  against ;  bpyaa/i6t  . 

swelling,  excitement].      Anaphrodisiac. 

Antiopelmous    [an-te-o-pel' '-tnus)   [dvriog,   set  against; 

/'/.  the  sole].    In  biology,  characterized  by  having 

the  flexor  perforans  supply  the  third  toe  only  and  the 

flexor  hallucis  the   first,  second  and  fourth  toe>.     Cf. 

Sympelmous,  Heteropelmt 

Antiparasitic  [an-te-par-as-if '-ik)  [avri,  against ;  n 
otrog,   a  parasite].      1.   Destroying  parasites.     2.   An 
agent   destroying  or  preventing  increase  of  parasite-. 
Insecticide. 

Antiparastatitis  [an-te-par-as-tat-i'-tis)  [avri,  over 
against  ;  Kapaardrrjg,  a  testicle].  Inflammation  of 
<  owper's  glands. 

Antipathetic  [an-te-path-ef '-ik)  [avri,  against ;  rradog, 
feeling,  i.  e.,  antipathy  or  constitutional  aversion]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  plants  not  easily  grafted. 

Antipathic  [an-te-patk' -ik)  [avri,  against ;  r&Oog,  dis- 
ease]. A  synonym  of  allopathic,  both  terms  alike 
being  rejected  by  the  advocates  of  rational  medi- 
cine. 

Antipathy  [an-tip' '-a-the)  [avri,  again -1  ;  irddog,  affec; 
tion].     Aversion  ;  an  opposing  property  or  quality. 

Antipeduncular  [an  '  pe  dung1  ku-lar)  [avri,  against; 
pedunculus,  a  little  foot].  In  biology,  placed  opposite 
a  peduncle. 

Anti-peptone  [an-te-pep1 '-ton)  [avri,  against ;  nkirrew, 
to  cot>k,  digest].  A  variety  of  peptone  formed  in  the 
pancreatic  digestion,  and  incapable  of  further  peptonic 
change. 

Antiperiodic  [an-te-pe-re-odf-ik)  [avri,  against  ; 

a  paroxysm].      1.    Efficacious  against  periodic  attacks 


of   disease.      2.    A    remedy    against    periodic    disease, 

especially    intermittent     fever.      Quinin    i-    the    best 

known.      A.  Tincture.     See  Warburg's  Tincture. 
Antiperistalsis     [an-te-per-is-taP -sis)     [avri,    against; 
around;     araXaig,     compression].      Reversed 

peristalsis;  inverted  or  upward  peristaltic  action. 
Antiperistaltic     [an-te-per-is-taP -tik)     [avri,    against  ; 
«,    around  ;    nra/rsic,    compression].      Relating    to 

antiperistalsis. 
Antipestilential   [an-te-pes-til-en' -shal)   [avri,  against; 

pestilentia,   the  plague].      Counteracting  the  influence 

of  the  plague. 
Antipetalous  [an-te-peP -al-us)   [avri,  against  ;  iriraXov, 

a   leal  ].      In  biology,  inserted   opposite  to,  instead   of 

alternate  with,  the  petals. 
Antipharmic  [an-te-farf-mik).     See  Alexipharmac. 
Antiphlogistic       [an-te-flo-jts' -tik)       [avri,      against; 

i.i/uyuatg,   inflammatory    heat].      1.    Counteracting  or 

directed    against    fever.      2.    An    agent    subduing    or 

reducing    intlammation     or    fever.      A.     Treatment, 

consists     in     bloodletting,    the    application    of    cold, 

administration  of  antipyretics,  etc. 
Antiphysic   [an-te-fizr-ik)   [avri,  against;  (jivon,  wind]. 

I  arminative  ;  overcoming  flatulence. 
Antiplastic    [an-le-plas'-lik)    [avri,  against;   tOJuaativ , 

to  form].      I.  Unfavorable  to  granulation  or  the  heal- 
ing process.      2.  An  agent  impoverishing  the  blood. 
Antipleuritic  [an-te-plu-riP -ik)  [avri,  against  ;n'/.evp~mc, 

pleurisy].     ( Overcoming  pleurisy. 
Antipneumonic     [an-te-nu-mon'-ik)      [avri,    against  ; 

■Kveviwvia,  pneumonia].      Of   value   in    treating   pneu- 
monia. 
Antipneumotoxin   [an-te-nu-mo-toksf-in).     See   Pneu- 

moto.x  in . 
Antipodagric   [an-te-po-dag/-rik)   [avri,  against ;  iroa'a.- 

ypa,  gout  in  the  feet].      Efficacious  against  gout. 
Antipodal   Cells   [an-tip/ -o-dal)  [avri,  opposite ;  tt6vq, 

foot].     A  term  applied  to  a  group  of  four  cells  formed 

in   the   lower  end   of  the  embryo-sac   opposite   to  the 

cells  constituting  the  egg-apparatus. 
Antipoison   [an' ' -te-poi-zti)    [avri,    against;    MM.,  poi- 

soioi,  a  potion].      A  counter  poison. 
Antipraxia  [an-te-prdks' '-e-ak)  [avri,  against ;  -jiaaaeiv, 

to  do].      Antagonism  of  functions  or  of  symptoms. 
Antiprostate  [an-te-prosf  -taf).     See  Anteprostate. 
Antipruritic  [an-te-pru-rif '-ik)  [avri,  against ;  pruritus, 

itching].      I.    Relieving  the   sensation  of  itching.      2. 

A  drug  that  relieves  the  sensation  of  itching. 
Antipsoric   [an-tip-so/-rik)   [avri,    against  ;    ijjupa,    the 

itch].      Effective  against  the  itch. 
Antiputrefactive  [an-te-pu-tre-fak'  -tiv).    See  Antiseptic. 
Antipyic     [an-te-pi' -ik)     [avri,    against;     irvov,    pus]. 

Checking  or  restraining  suppuration. 
Antipyresis   [an-te-pi-re1 '-sis)   [avri,  against ;  irvplaaeiv, 

to  be  feverish].     The  employment   of  antipyretics  in 

fever. 
Antipyretic    [an-te-pi-ref -ik)    [avri,   against;    -rrvper6g, 

fever].       I.    Cooling;    lowering   the    temperature.      2. 

An    agent    reducing     the     temperature    of    fever;     any 

antifebrile  medicine,  or  febrifuge.  Most  such  also 
reduce  the  normal  bodil)  temperature  slightly.  They 
act  either  by  preventing   oxidation   p  -,  or  en- 

couraging  the  radiation  of  heat. 
Antipyrin  [an-te-pi' '-rin)  [avri,  against ;  nvperdg,  fever], 
«  .II^N,1'.-  Phenazonum.  Dimethyl-oxy-chinicin.  An 
alkaloidal  product  of  the  destructive  distillation  of 
coal-tar.  It  may  be  produced  by  heating  acetoacelic 
CNter  with  methyl  phenyl  hydrazin.  It  i-  a  ^ra\  i-,h  or 
reddish  white  crystalline  powder,  slightly  bitter,  solu- 
ble in  water,  alcohol,  and  chloroform,  and  crystallizes 
from  ether  in  shining  leaflets,  melting  at  II30.  Adult 
dose  gr.  v— xv  every  hour  for  two  or  three   hours.       It 


ANTJJYROTIC 


97 


AM  I  I  RAl  i 


reduces  the  temperature  three  to  live  degrees  in  fevers, 
causes  sweating,  at  times  vomiting,  but  no  serious 
/esult.  Antipyrin  is  incompatible  with  nitrous  com- 
pounds. Ii  is  a  powerful  antipyretic,  a  local  anesthe- 
tic, and  a  general  analgesic.  It  is  efficient  in  hyper 
pyrexia  from  any  cause,  and  in  rheumatism.  Injectio 
antipyrin  hypodermica.gr.  j  in  mjj.   I  >ose TT^viij-xxx. 

Antipyrotic  {an-te-pi-rof '-ik)  [avri,  against;  -ipuaig, 
a  burning].  I.  Efficacious  against  burns.  2.  An 
agent  curative  of  burns. 

Antirabic  {an-te-rab' '-ik)  [avri,  against;  rabies,  mad- 
ness].    Effective  against  rabies  ;  antagonistic  to  rabies. 

Antirhachitic  {an-te-rak-it'-ik)  [avri,  against ;  paxi£, 
the  spine].     Serviceable  against  rickets. 

Antirheumatic  (an-te-ru-matf -ik)  [avri,  against;  pev- 
/hitiklk;,  of  or  pertaining  to  a  flux].  Relieving  or 
curing  rheumatism. 

Antirrhinum  [an-te-ri1 -nutri)  [L.].  A  genus  of  scro- 
phulariaceous plants.  .7.  linaria.  Called  also  Linaria 
vulgaris,  Toad-flax,  Ramsted,  Butter-and-Eggs ;  a 
herbaceous  plant  of  Europe  and  North  America  ; 
diuretic,  cathartic,  and  irritant ;  used  as  a  poultice  and 
fomentation.      Unof. 

Antiscolic  (an-te-$kolr -ik)  [avri,  against;  aiM/j/i,  a 
worm].      Vermifuge.      See  Anthelmintic. 

Antiscorbutic  (an-te-skor-bu' -tik)  [avri,  against ;  scor- 
butus, scurvy].  I.  Effective  against  scurvy.  2.  A 
remedy  for  or  preventive  of  scurvy  ;  such  are  mainly 
vegetable  acids. 

Antisecosis  {au-te-sek-o'-sis)  [avri,  against;  aqudeiv,  to 
weigh,  balance].  I.  A  restoration  to  health,  strength, 
etc.      2.  Regulation  of  the  food. 

Antisepalous  {an-te-sep/ -al-us)  [cut/,  against ;  Fr. , 
sepals'].      In  biology,  placed  opposite  the  sepals. 

Antisepsin  (an-te-sep/ -sin)  [avri,  against;  ai/if/rc,  putre- 
faction], CgH4BrNHC2HsO.  Asepsin ;  bromated 
antifebrin',  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether.  Recom- 
mended for  use  as  an  antipyretic  and  analgesic  but  is 
dangerous  as  a  febrifuge.  It  has  antiseptic  properties. 
Dose  gr.  j,  four  times  daily. 

Antisepsis  (an-te-sep' -sis)  [avri,  against ;  oijxptr,  putre- 
faction]. Exclusion  of  the  germs  that  cause  putrefac- 
tion ;  the  totality  of  measures  taken  to  prevent  septic 
poisoning. 

Antiseptic  (an-te-sep' '-tic)  [avri,  against ;  aijipir,  putre- 
faction]. I.  Having  power  to  prevent  or  destroy 
putrefaction,  or,  what  is  the  same  thing,  the  bacteria 
upon  which  putrefaction  depends.  2.  A  remedy  or 
agent  that  prevents  a  septic  process.  The  principal 
in  use  are  corrosive  sublimate,  creolin,  carbolic  acid, 
iodoform,  thymol,  salicylic  acid,  boric  acid,  etc.  A. 
Gauze,  open  cotton  cloth  charged  with  carbolic  acid, 
resin,  and  paraffin.  A.  Ligature,  catgut  or  other 
material  rendered  aseptic  by  soaking  in  antiseptic 
solutions.  The  antiseptic  treatment  of  wounds 
looks  to  thorough  asepsis  and  antisepsis  as  regards 
the  wound,  the  instruments,  the  operator's  hands,  the 
dressings,  etc.     See,  also,  Listerian  Method. 

Antisepticism  (an-te-sep' -tis-iz/u)  [avri,  against ;  ai, 
putrefaction].      The  theory  or  systematic  employment 
of  antiseptic  methods. 

Antisepticize  (an-te-sep'-tis-iz)  [avri,  against ;  oijTpic, 
putrefaction].  To  render  antiseptic;  to  treat  with 
antiseptics. 

Antiseptin  (an-te-sep' -tin)  [avri,  against ;  o^tpig,  putre- 
faction]. Zinc  boro-thymate  iodid.  Consists  of  85 
parts  zinc  sulphate,  2.5  parts  each  of  zinc  iodid  and 
thymol,  and  ten  parts  boric  acid.  An  antiseptic. 
Unof. 

Antiseption  (an-te-sep' -shun)  [avri,  against  ;  oi/if>tg, 
putrefaction].      Same  as  Antisepsis. 

Antiseptol   (an-te-sep' -tot )    [avri,  against  :  arp  '■'.  ■  putre- 
7 


faction].     Cinchonin  iodosulphate.     An  odorless  and 

fairly  effective  substitute  for  iodoform. 

Antisialagogue     (ant,  [avri,     against; 

oiaAxrv,  spittle;  ayuydg,  lending].  1.  Acting  against 
ptyalism.  2.  A  remedy  or  a  medicine  that  is  effective 
against  salivation. 

Antisialic  [an  /■  si  alf-ik)  [avri, against  ;  aiahav, saliva]. 
1.  Checking  the  flow  of  saliva.  2.  An  agent  that  checks 
the  secretion  of  saliva. 

Antispadix    (an-te-spa' -diks)     [avri,    against  ;    r,~ 
a  palm  branch].       In  biology,  a  group  of  four  tentacles 
on   the  right  side  of  the  male  Nautilus,  the  tpadix,  an 
organ  analogous  to  the  hectocolylised  arm,  being  on 
the  left  side. 

Antispasis  (an-tisf -pas-is)  [avri,  against;  atraeiv,  to 
draw].      Revulsion;  revulsive  treatment. 

Antispasmodic       in  mod'-ik)     [avri,     against; 

n-aouor,  a  spasm].  I.  Tending  to  relieve  spasm.  2. 
An  agent  allaying  or  relieving  convulsions  or  spas- 
modic pains,  as  the  narcotic-,  the  nitrites,  etc. 

Antispastic  (an-te- spas' -tik)   [ami,  against ;    anaariKog, 
drawing].      I.    Revulsive;   counter-irritant.      2.    Ann 
spasmodic.      3.    A    revulsive    agent.      4.    That    which 
counteracts  spasm.      An  antispasmodic. 

Antisplenetic  (au-te-spleu-et'  ik)  [avri,  against;  splen, 
the  spleen].      Remedial  in  diseases  of  the  spleen. 

Antistasis  (au-tis'-tas-is)  [avri,  against;  ordoig,  a 
standing].      Opposition  ;  opposing  effect. 

Antistrumatic  (an-te-stru-mat'-ik).  Same  as  Anti- 
strumous. 

Antistrumous  (an-te-stru' '-mm)  [avri,  against;  struma, 
a  scrofulous  tumor].  Effective  against  struma  or 
scrofula. 

Antisudorific  {an-te-su-dor-if'-ik)  [avri,  against ;  su 
sweat;    facere,    to    make].      Checking    the    excretion 
of  sweat. 

Antisyphilitic  (an-tesif-il-it'-ik)  [avri,  against  ;  Syphi- 
lus,  a  Latin  proper  name].  I.  Effective  again -t 
syphilis.  2.  A  remedy  directed  against,  or  used  for 
the  relief  of,  syphilis.      Usually  an  alterative. 

Antithenar  (an-tith' '-en-ar)  [avri,  against;  devap,  the 
hollow  of  the  hand  or  foot].  I.  Opposite  to  the  thenar. 
2.  A  muscle  that  extends  the  thumb,  or  opposes  it 
to  the  hand  :  an  antithenar  muscle.  A.  Eminence, 
the  border  of  the  palm  of  the  hand  from  the 
of  the  little  finger  to  the  wrist.  A.  Muscles,  of  the 
toe  and  of  the  thumb  :  the  abductor  pollicis  pedis,  and 
the  flexor  brevis  pollicis  manus ;  also,  the  first  dorsal 
interosseous  muscle.      See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Antithermic  (an-te-ther' '-mik)  [avri,  against;  dip/irj, 
heat].      Cooling  ;   antipyretic. 

Antithermin    yan-te  titer' -min\    [avri,    against;    6i 
heat],  CuHuO;jN2.       I'henvlhvdrazin-levulinic  acid,  a 
coal-tar  derivative  used  in  four  to  eight  grain  doses  as 
an  antipyretic,  analgesic,  and  antiseptic.      It  is  apt  to 
give  rise  to  gastralgia.     Unof. 

Antitoxic  (au-te-toks'-ik)  [avri,  against;  to%ik6v, 
poison].      Antidotal;   counteracting  poisons. 

Antitoxin  (an-te ■toks'-in)  [avri,  against  ;   toxin,  a  toxic 

ptomaine  ;    ro£tic6v,  poison].      A    substance  formed    in 

the  body  of  animals,  either  naturally  or  in  consequence 

*of    inoculation    with    some    pathogenic    bacteria,  that 

neutralizes  the  toxic  products  of  these  organisms. 

Antitragic    (an-tit-raj'-ik)   [iuri,  opposite  to;     rp< 
the  tragus].      Pertaining  to  the  antitragus. 

Antitragicus  (an-tit-raj* -ik-us)  [avri,  opposite  to; 
-  i&yog,  the  tragus].  Pertaining  to  the  antitragus.  A. 
Muscle,  a  mere  rudiment  in  man;  it  arises  from  the 
antitragus,  and  extends  to  the  cauda  of  the  helix. 

Antitragus  (an-tit'-rae-us)  [avri,  opposite  to;  rpdyog, 
the  tragus].  An  eminence  of  the  external  ear  opposite 
the  tragus. 


AN  II  l'K(  (CHANTER 


9H 


A<  >RTIC 


Antitrochanter  [an-te-tro-kan' '-ter)   [avri,  opposite  to; 
.  the  head  of  the  hip  bone].    An  articulating 

surface  on  the  ilium  for  the  great  trochanter. 
Antitrope  [an'-t  .against;  ,  to  turn]. 

Any  organ  set  ov<  r  against  another  to  form  a  symmet 

ric  pair.     Thus,  the  right  eye  isan  antitrope  to  the  left. 
Antituberculotic  [an  te  .  -ik)  [avri,  against  ; 

tuberculum,  a  tubercle].     Good  against  tuberculosis. 
Antitype  [an' -te-tlp)    [avri,  against,  corresponding  to ; 

-   -     .  .i  type].      In  biology,  same  as  Autitr, 
Antivaccinationist    [an  in-a' '-shun-ist)     [avri, 

dnst;    vaccinus,   of  a  cow.].     One    who    opposes 

vaccination. 
Antivaccinist  [an-te-vak' -sin-isf).     Same  as  Antivacci- 

nation; 
Antivenene   [an-te-ven'-en)    [avri,   against;    venenum, 

poison].      A  term  given  to  the  blood-serum  of  animals 

rendered  immune  against  snake-poison,  on  account  of 

its  antidotal  properties. 
Antivenereal  [an-le-ven-e'-re-al)  [avri,    against; 

reus,  pertaining  to  Venus,  or  to  sexual  intercourse]. 

Antisyphilitic ;  anaphrodisiac. 
Antivivisectionist      [an-te-viv-is-ek' -shun-ist)       [avri, 

against:  .    living;  a  cutting.]     One    who 

opposes  the  practii  e  oi  vivisection. 
Antizobtic    [an-te-zo-o1 '-tik)  [avri,    against;    £aov,    ani- 
mal].     A  substance  poisonous  or  injurious  to  animals. 
Antizymic.   Antizymotic    [an  -  te  -  zi' '•  mik ',  an-te-zi- 
'-ik\   [inn,  against;  ,   fermentation].      I. 

Preventing  or   checking   fermentation.      2.   An  agent 

preventing  the  process  of  fermentation  ;  an  antiferment. 
Antlia  yant'-le-ah)  [ova, up  ;   r'/ativ,  to  lift].      A  syringe 

or  pump.      In  biology,  the  flat  spiral,  suctorial  tube  or 

proboscis  of  lepidopterous  insects.     A.  lactea,  a  pump 

for  drawing  milk    from   the   breast.      A.  mammaria, 

same  as  A.  lactea. 
Antodontalgic  [an-to-don-tal' -jik).   See  Antiodonlalgic. 
Antophthalmic      [ant-off -thai' -mik)      [avri,    against; 
////«,    ophthalmia].      Preventive    or    curative  of 

ophthalmia. 
Antorgastic  (ant-or-gas'-tik).      See  Antiorgastic . 
Antozenic  (ant-o-ze' '-nik)  [avri,  against;  braiva,  a  fetid 

nasal  polypus].      Curative  of  ozena. 
Antozone  [ant-o-zdn')   [avri,  against ;  iueiv,  to  smell]. 

An   imaginary  allotropic  modification  of  oxygen,  now 

known  to  be  only  hydrogen  peroxid. 
Antozostomatic    [ant-o-zos-to-maf -ik)    [avri,   against  ; 

b^darouog,  having  a  foul  breath].      Corrective  of  a  foul 

bnath. 
Antra  [an' -trail).   Plural  of  Antrum,  q.  v.   A.  Gastralia, 

four  broad  perradial  niches  or  pouches  in  the  gastric 

cavity  of  scyphomedusse.    .  /.  Rhopalaria,  niches  formed 

on  the  umbrella  margin  of  most  Discomedusse  for  the 

reception  of  sense-clubs  or  rhophalia. 
Antracele     [an* -tras-el)     [antrum,   a   cavity;    /./,/>/,  a 

tumor].      Dropsy  of  the  antrum;   an  accumulation  of 

fluid  in  the  maxillary  sinus. 
Antral    [an'-tral ' )    [antrum,  a  cave].      Relating  to  an 

antrum. 
Antrectomy  [an-trek '-to- me)    [('irr/iur,  antrum;  ekto/i^, 

excision].      Surgical    removal     of    the    walls    of    the 

antrum. 
Antritis  [an-tri' '-lis)  [avrpov,  a  cave  ;  itis,  inflammation]. 

Inflammation    of  any   of  the    cavities   of    the   body, 
■dally  the  A.  kighmorianum. 
Antrophore  [an' '-tro-fbr)   [avrpov,  a  cavity;  <j>6petv,    to 

bear].      A  soluble,  medicated  bougie. 
Antrorse    [an-trors' ')    [ante,  before;   versus,   turned]. 

In  biology,  directed  upward  or  forward. 
Antro-tympanic   [an-tro-tim-pan'  -ik)   [avrpov,  a  cave  ; 
kovov,  a    drum].      Relating    to    the    cavity  of   the 

tympanum  as  well  as  to  the  tympanic  antrum. 


Antrum  [an'-trum)  [I-.]  A  physiological  cavity  or 
hollow  place,  especially  in  a  bone.  A.  ethmoidale, 
the  ethmoidal  sinuses.  A.  highmorianum,  Antrum 
of  Highmoi  itj  in  the  superior  maxillary  bone. 

A.  highmori  testis.  See  Mediastinum  testis.  A.  of 
Malacarne.  See  Tarinus,  Space  of.  A.,  Mastoidal, 
the  hollow  -p.ue  beneath  the  roof  of  the  mastoid 
process.  A.,  Maxillary.  See  A.  kighmorianum.  A. 
pyloricum  willisii,  the  cavity  of  the  pylorus. 

Antwerp  Blue.  Same  as  Mineral  Blue.  A.  Brown. 
See  (    n  /  ctus  of  Pigments,  under  Pigment. 

Antyllus-Kuhnt's  Operation.  See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Antyllus's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Anuresis  [an-u-re' -sis)  [av  priv.  ;  ovpov,  urine]. 
Anuria. 

Anuretic  [an-u-ret'-ik)    [av   priv.  ;  ovpov,  urine].     Pet 
taining  to  or  affected  with  anuria. 

Anuria  [an-u1 '-re-ah)  [av  priv.;  «rma,urine].  Absence, 
deficiency,  or  retention  of  the  urine. 

Anuric  [an-u'-rik)   [av   priv.  ;  urina,  urine].     Pertain 
ing  to  anuria. 

Anurous  [an-u'-rus)  [av  priv.  ;  ovpd,  a  tail].  In 
biology,  without  a  tail. 

Anus  [ar-nus)  [anus,  the  fundament].  The  extremity 
of  the  rectum  ;  the  lower  opening  of  the  alimentary 
canal.  A.,  Artificial,  an  artificial  opening,  the  natural 
for  any  reason  being  closed.  A.,  Fissure  of,  rupture 
of  the  skin  at  the  side,  due  to  passage  of  hardened 
feces.  A.,  Fistula  of,  a  sinus,  or  fistulous  ulcel 
opening  from  the  rectum  into  the  connective  tissue 
about  the  rectum,  or  discharging  externally.  A.,  Im- 
perforate, absence  of  the  anus,  the  natural  opening 
being  closed  by  areolar  tissue  or  a  membranous  septum. 
A.,  Prolapse  of,  protrusion  of  the  rectum  or  its 
mucous  membrane.  A.,  Pruritus  of,  persistent  itch- 
ing of  the  anal  orifice. 

Anvil  [an'-vil).     See  Incus. 

Anxietas  [ang-zir-et-as\.     See  Anxiety. 

Anxiety  [ang-zi1 '-et-e)  [anxius,  anxious].  Restlessness, 
agitation,  and  general  malaise,  or  distress,  often 
attended  with  precordial  pain,  and  a  noticeable  appear- 
ance of  apprehension  or  worry  visible  in  the  features. 

Anydremia  or  Anydraemia  [an-id-re' '-me-ah)  [av 
priv.  ;  vfiup,  water;  al,ua,  blood].  A  deficiency  of 
water  in  the  blood. 

Anypnia  [an-ip/ -ne-ah)  [av  priv.  ;  v~ voc,  sleep]. 
Sleeplessness. 

A.  O.  C.    Anodic  opening  contraction. 

Aochlesia  [ah-ok-le* -ze-ah)  [d  priv.  ;  bxKrjavc,  disturb- 
ance].     Rest  ;  tranquillity  ;  catalepsy. 

Aorta  [a-ort'-ah)  [aopri/,  aorta].  The  great  arterial 
vessel  arising  from  the  left  ventricle  and  ending  with 
its  bifurcation  into  the  two  common  iliacs  at  the  fourth 
lumbar  vertebra.  The  arch,  that  extending  from  the 
heart  to  the  third  dorsal  vertebra,  is  divided  into  an 
ascendin  .  a  transverse,  and  a  descending  part.  The 
thor,t,  i,  portion  extends  to  the  diaphragm  ;  the  abdom- 
inal, to  the  bifurcation.  The  diseases  of  the  aorta 
are  acute  aortitis,  due  to  traumatism,  thrombosis,  etc.  ; 
and  the  chronic  form,  or  atheroma  of  the  aorta  ;  fatty 
degeneration  :  stenosis;  aneurysm.     See  Artery. 

Aortal  (a-ort'-al)  [nii/iri/,  the  aorta].  Relating  to  the 
aorta. 

Aortarctia  [a-ort-arkf -she-ah)  [aopr^,  aorta  ;  arctare,  to 
oonstrict].      A  constriction  or  stenosis  of  the  aorta. 

Aortectasia  [a-ort-ek-ta' '-ze-ah)  [iioar//,  aorta  ;  en,  out ; 
T&aiq,  a  stretching].      Aortic  dilatation. 

Aorteurysma  [a-ort-u-riz' '-mah)  [aoprij,  aorta  ;  evpvopa, 
a  widening:  //.,  Aorteurysmatal.  Aortic  aneurysm 
Or  dilatation. 

Aortic  [a  [""/»"'/,  the  aorta].     Pertaining  to  the 

aorta.     A.  Arch.    See  Aorta.     A.  Foramen.     See  A. 


AORTITIS 


99 


APHASIA 


Opening  of  Diaphragm.  A.  Murmur.  See  Murmur. 
A.  Opening  of  Diaphragm,  the  lowest  and  mosl 
posterior  ot  the  three  large  apertures  connected  with 
this  muscle.  It  is  situated  in  the  middle  line,  imme- 
diately in  front  of  the  bodies  of  the  vertebra,  and  is 
behind  the  diaphragm,  not  in  it.  A.  Opening  of 
Heart,  a  small  circular  aperture  in  front  and  to  the 
right  side  of  the  auriculo-ventricular  opening,  from 
which  it  is  separated  by  one  of  the  segments  ■»(  the 
mitral  valve.  A.  Plexus,  the  plexus  of  sympathetic 
nerves,  situated  on  the  front  and  ^ i <  1  < •  -.  of  the  aorta, 
between  the  origins  of  the  superior  and  inferior 
mesenteric  arteries.  A.  Sinus,  a  deep  depression 
between  each  valve  and  the  cylinder  of  the  aorta. 

Aortitis  {a-ort-i* '-tis)  [aoprfi,  the  aorta ;  trig,  inflamma- 
tion].    Inflammation  of  the  aorta. 

Aortomalacia,  or  Aortomalaxia  {a-ort-o-mal 

or  -ak/  -e-ah)  [_aopri/,  aorta;  /la'/.unta,  softening].    Soft- 
ening of   the  aorta. 

Aortostenosis  (a-ort-o-sten-o'-sis)  [aopri/,  aorta  ;  avtvog, 
narrow].      Stenosis  or  narrowing  of  the  aorta. 

Aosmic  [a-oz'-mik)  [a  priv.  ;  60/17,  smell].  Having  no 
odor. 

Apagma  [ap-ag/ -mafi)  \air6,  from;  ayvbpcu,  to  break: 
pL ,  Apagmata\.  I.  Separation,  as  of  a  fractured  bone. 
2.    The  part  separated. 

Apandria  [ap-anf -dre-ah)  [«-d,  from;  avfjp,  a  man]. 
Morbid  dislike  of  the  male  sex. 

Apanthropia  [ap-an-throf-pe-ah).     See  Apanthropy. 

Apanthropy  {ap-an'-thro-pe)  \Jitto,  from  ;  avttpu-or, 
man].  Aversion  to  society;  morbid  desire  for  soli- 
tude. 

Aparthrosis  (ap-ar-fhro/-sis)  [into,  from ;  apOpov,  a 
joint].  I.  Dislocation;  luxation  of  a  joint.  2.  In 
anatomy,  diarthrosis. 

Apastia  (ap-as'-te-ah)  \Jirranria,  fasting].  Abstinence 
from  food,  as  a  symptom  of  mental  disorder. 

Apathetic  (ap-ath-et'-ik)  [«  priv.  ;  Trddoc;,  feeling]. 
Affected  with  apathy  ;   listless  ;   without  emotion. 

Apathy  (ap'-ath-e)  [«  priv.  ;  fcaJdoq,  feeling].  Insensi- 
bility ;   want  of  passion  or  feeling. 

Apatropin  {ap-at'  -ro-pin)  [drro,  from  ;  arpoirog,  un- 
changeable], C17H2lN02.  A  compound  derivable 
from  atropin  by  the  action  of  nitric  acid.  It  is  said  to 
produce  peculiar  convulsions. 

Ape  [ap)  [ME.,  ape].  A  man-like  monkey.  A.  fis- 
sures, those  fissures  of  the  human  brain  that  are  also 
found  in  apes.  See  Fissure.  A. -hand,  wasting  of 
the  thumb-muscles,  as  seen  in  some  cases  of  progres- 
sive muscular  atrophy. 

Apella  [ap-el'-lah)  [o  priv.  ;  -kD,7m,  skin].  A  circum- 
cised person  ;  one  with  a  short  prepuce. 

Apellous  (ap-el'-us)  [a  priv.  ;  ~t/./.a,  skin].  Skinless; 
having  no  skin. 

Apepsia  {ah-pep'-sc-ah)  [a  priv;  -i-re/v,  to  digest]. 
Cessation  or  absence  of  the  digestive  function.  A., 
Hysteric,  an  hysterical  condition  with  deficient  nerve 
power,  and  impaired  function  of  the  stomach,  and 
very  possibly  of  the  abdominal  glands.  Also  called 
Hysteric  anorexia.  A.  nervosa.  See  Anorexia 
11  rvosa. 

Apeptic  (ah-pepZ-tik)  [d  priv.;  wiirruv,  to  digest]. 
Affected  with  apepsia. 

Aperient  [ap-ef -re-enf)  [ap  ei-ire,  to  open] .  I.  Laxative; 
deobstruent ;  mildly  purgative.  2.  A  mild  purgative  ; 
a  laxative,  or  aperitive. 

Aperinous  [ak-per/-in-us)  [a  priv.  ;  —r/piv,  the  scrotum]. 
I.    Having  no  scrotum.      2.    Castrated. 

Aperispermic  iah-per-is-per' '-mik)  [apriv.;  nspi,  around; 
arrepua,  seed].      See  Exalbuminous. 

Aperistalsis  [ah-per-is-taV -sis)  [a,  without  ;  -  •  . 
around;    OTaAaiq,  constriction].     Absence  or  cessation 


of  the  movements  of  the  intestine,  due  to  lack  of  stimu- 
lus to  Auerbach's  plexus. 

Aperitive  [ap-er' '-it-iv)  \aperire,  to  open].      Aperient. 

Apertor  [ap-er' '-tor)  [L.,  an  opener  or  beginner] .  In 
anatomy,  anything  that  opens.  A.  Oculi,  the  levator 
palpebra   mu 

Aperture  \ap' -er-ch&r)  [apertura,  an  opening].  An 
opening.  A.,  Angular,  in  the  microscope,  the  angle 
formed  between  a  luminous  point  placed  in  focus  and 
the  most  divergent  ray-  that  are  capable  of  passing 
through  tin-  entire  system  of  an  objective.  A.  aniri, 
the  aperture  of  tin-  umbrella  cavity  in  medusa?.  A., 
Numerical,  the  cap.ti  it)  of  an    obji  r  admit- 

ting ray-  from  the  object  and  transmitting  them  to  the 
image.  A  common  measure  i-  obtained  a-  propi 
by  Abbe,  by  taking  the  product  of  the  half  angle  into 
the  refractive  index  of  the  medium  employed.  It  is 
usually  expressed  n.  a.  —  ;/  sin  it. ,  ;/  the  index  of 
refraction  and  it  the  Mini  angle  of  the  aperture.  A.  of 
Objective,  the  capacity  for  receiving  and  transmit- 
ting ray-. 

Apetalous  [ah-pet* -al-us)  \_n  priv.;  -  -  ,  a  leaf ]. 
In  biology,  without  corolla  or  petals. 

Apex  [af-peks)  [apex,  the  extreme  end  of  a  thing].  The 
summit  or  top  of  anything;  the  point  or  extremity  of 
a  cone.  A.  Beat,  the  impulse  of  the  heart  felt  in  the 
tilth  intercostal  space  about  ;',  inches  from  the  middle 
of  the  sternum.  A.  Murmur,  a  murmur  heard  over 
the  apex  of  the  heart.  Apices  of  the  Lungs,  the 
upper  extremities  of  the  lungs  behind  the  border  of  the 
first  rib. 

Aphacia  {ah-fa* '-se-ah) .     Same  as  Aphakia. 

Aphacic  [ah-fa'-sik)  [d  priv.  ;  0a«5c,  the  crystalline 
lens].      Relating  to  or  affected  with  aphacia. 

Apha^resis  [af-er1 '-es-is).      See  Apheresis. 

Aphagia  {ah-fa'-je-ah)  [d  pri\    :  .to  eat].     Inabil- 

ity to  eat  or  to  swallow. 

Aphakia  (ah-fa* -ke-ah)  [d  priv.  ;  <paic6g,  a  lentil,  the 
crystalline  lens].  The  condition  of  an  eye  without  the 
lens,  whether  the  result  of  congenital  defect,  luxation, 
traumatism,  or  cataract  operation. 

Aphakic  (a'l-fa'-kik)  [it  priv.  ;  (j>an6s,  the  lens].  I  laving 
no  lens,  as  the  eye  after  the  removal  of  a  cataract. 

Aphalangiasis  [ah-fa-lan-je' '-as-is)   [d  priv.  ;  up- 
line   of  battle;    phalanx].      The    loss  or  absence  of 
lingers  and  toes,  as  in  leprosy.     <  f.  Ainhum. 

Apharyngeal  1  ah-far-in' -je-al)\h  priv.;  onoiv.^,  throat]. 
In  biology,  without  a  pharynx. 

Aphasia  (ah-fa* -ze-ah\  [d  prn  ;  -  .speech].  Partial 
or  complete  loss  of  the  power  of  expression  or  of  com- 
prehension of  the  conventional  signs  of  language,  from 
no  lesion  of  the  peripheral  organs  or  nerves,  but  from 
lesions  of  the  cortical  centers  concerned.  Aphasia 
may  be  either  motor  or  sensory.  Motor  or  Ataxic 
Aphasia  consists  in  a  loss  of  -peech  owing  to  inability 
to  execute  the  various  movements  of  the  mouth 
necessary  to  speech,  the  muscles  being  not  paralyzed 
but  not  coordinated,  owing  to  disease  of  the  cortical 
center.  It  is  usually  associated  with  agraphia,  "aphasia 
of  the  hand,"  inability  to  write,  and  right-sided  hemi- 
plegia. Some  aphasics  can  write,  but  are  unable  to 
articulate  words  or  sentences;  this  variety  is  variously 
named  aphemia,  alalia,  or  anarthria,  according  a- 
the  impairment  of  speech  is  more  or  less  marked. 
Charcot  supposes  the  center  for  articulate  language 
divided  into  four  sub-  centers,  a  visual  center  for  word-, 
an  auditory  center  for  words,  a  motor  center  cf  articu- 
late language,  and  a  motor  center  of  written  language. 
I  e-ions  of  one  or  more  of  these  centers  produce  the 
characteristic  forms  of  aphasia,  all  of  which  have 
clinical  exemplifications.  Sensory  Aphasia,  or 
Amnesia  is  the  loss  of   memory  for  words,  and  may 


APHASIAC 


H  ii  i 


Al'K  )LIM 


exist  alone  or  in  association  with  the  motor  aphasia. 
Amnesia  appears  clinically  in  three  distinct  forms;  i. 
Simple  loss  of  memor)  >>i  words.  -.   ■  r,  or 

inability  to  understand  spoken  words  (there  i>  usually 
some  paraphasia  connected  with  this  form).    ,.   // 
bli/t  i  inability  to  understand  written  or  printed 

words.   Paraphasia,  a  form  of  aphasia  in  which  there 
i-   inability  to  connect  ideas  with  the  proper  words  to 
express  the  ideas.    Agrammatism,  a  phenomena 
aphasia  consisting  in  the  inability  to  form  words  gram 
matically,  or   the   suppn  oi    certain   words  of  a 

phrase.  Ataxaphasia,  inability  to  arrange  words 
synthetically  into  sentences.  Bradyphasia,  abnormal 
slov  ch,  from  pathological  cause.     Tumul 

tus  sermonis,  a  stuttering  manner  of  reading,  from 
pathological  cause.  A.,  Conduction,  such  as  is  due 
not  to  any  central  lesion,  but  to  defect  in  some  commis 
sural  connection  between  centers.  A.,  Gibberish, 
aphasia  in  which  the  patient  can  utter  many  words, 
but  uses  them  in  such  a  way  that  they  express  no 
meaning 

Aphasiac  [ak-fa' '-ze-ak)  [d  priv. ;  ©d(j<c,  speech].  One 
who  is  aphasic. 

Aphasic  zik)    [d  priv.  ;   oria/f,  speech].      Relat- 

ing to,  or  affected  with  aphasia. 

Aphelexia  '-eks/ -e-ak) .       An  incorrect  form  of  the 

won!  Apkelxia,  q.  t. 

Apheliotropism  (af-el-e-ol'-ro-pizm)  [air6,  from  ;   - 
the  sun  :    ->>.-<>  .  a  turn].       In   biology,  turning  away 
from  the  sunlight ;  negative  heliotropism. 

Aphelotic  |  -t'-,\  of  ik)  \a<pEAKELv,  to  draw  away]. 
Absent-minded  ;   lost  in  reverie. 

Aphelxia  [af-elks'-e-ah)  [a<t>('/KEiv ,  to  draw  away]. 
Absence  of  mind  ;  inattention  to  external  impres- 
sions. 

Aphemia  [ah-fe* '-me-ah)  [n  priv.  ;  ©>//«/,  voice].  Motor 
aphasia ;  inability  to  articulate  words  or  sentences, 
from  focal  and  not  from  peripheral  dis<  isi  of  the 
organs  of  speech  {Alalia).  This  term  is  variously- 
used;  sometimes  it  is  equivalent  to  aphasia;  some- 
times it  means  loss  of  vol  i ,  from  local  causes  ;  some- 
times   hysterical    or    wilful    refraining    from    speech. 

Aphemic  [ak-fem/-ik)  [d  priv.  ;  0 //////,  voice].  Relating 
to  or  affected  with  aphemia. 

Aphephobia  (af-e-fo'  -ah  [<'<<//,  touch;  <f>6(ioc,  fear]. 
Hyperesthetic  dr<  intact  with  other  persons. 

Apheresis,  or  Aphseresis  [af-er* '-es-is)  [an6,  away  ; 
aipelv,  to  take].  Removal;  amputation;  abstraction, 
as  of  blood. 

Apheter  i  if'-et-er)  [a^err/p,  one  who  lets  go  or  si  rids 
away].  A  supposed  impulse-carrying,  or  trigger 
material,  probably  a  catastate,  which  communicates  to 
the  inogen  the  nerve  impulse  that  causes  its  destruc- 
tion, and  the  consequent  muscular  contraction.  In  a 
larger  sense,  any  trigger-material  that  takes  part  in 
any  functional  ;  nay  be  called  an  apheter. 

Aphidein  [af-id-e'-in)  \aphis,  a  plant  louse].  A  re- 
spiratory pigment  obtained  from  the  aphis. 

Aphilanthropy  [</  priv.  ;  oi'/iiv,  to 

love;  avffpumog,  man].     Absence  of  social  feeling;  a 
lent  -i^n  of  approaching  melancholia. 

Aphonia    [ak-ft/ -ne-ak)    [d    priv  .    voice].       I. 

Dumbness,  due  to  some  peripheral  lesion.  2.  Hysteri- 
cal, or  paralytic  absence  of  the  power  of  speech.  3. 
Voicele 

Aphonic  [ak-fon' '-ik)  [d  priv.  ;  .  voice].      Speech- 

less ;  dumb  ;   voiceless. 

Aphoresis  [ah-for-^-sis)  [a  priv.;  ^bpTjaig,  bearing  (by 
error   for  Apkeresis)"].      1.    Si  don  or  ablation  ..I    a 

part,  either  by  excision  or  amputation.  2.  Lack  of 
the  power  of  en.lurance,  as  of  pain. 


Aphoria  {ah-fo* -re-ah)  [<i  priv.  ;  fipeiv,  to  bear]. 
Sterility ;  unfruitfulness. 

Aphrasia  [ak-fra1 '-ze-ak)  [<i  priv.  ;  <ppd(eiv,  to  utter]. 
Absence  of  the  power  to  utter  connected  phrases. 

Aphrodisia  {af-ro-diz' '-e-ah)  \a$pt)t\tc,tu,  venery].     Sex 
ual  desire,  especially   when  morbid,  or  immoderate; 
sexual  congi 

Aphrodisiac  [af-ro-diz' '-e-ak)  [cuppodioia,  venery].  1. 
Stimulating  the  sexual  appetite  ;  erotic.  2.  An  agent 
stimulating  the  sexual  passion. 

Aphtha  [af'-thah)  [atyOa,  an  eruption].  An  eruption; 
an  ulcer. 

Aphthae  [af'-thi  |  da,  an  eruption].  Also  called 
Aphthous  stomatitis.  Small  white  ulcers,  spots  or 
vesicles  of  the  mouth,  chiefly  occurring  in  children 
under  three  years  of  age,  and  generally  associated  with 
some  febrile  affection.  It  must  not  be  confounded  with 
thrush,  in  which  disease  the  spots  are  smaller  and  are 
due  to  the  presence  of  the  parasitic  fungus  characteris- 
tic of  that  disease.  A.,  Bednar's,  two  symmetri- 
cally placed  ulcers  seen  on  the  hard  palate  of  certain 
cachectic  infants  near  the  velum,  one  on  either  side  of 
the  mesial  line.  The  prognosis  is  exceedingly  grave. 
A.,  Cachectic,  aphtha;  appearing  beneath  the  tongue, 
and  associated  with  grave  constitutional  symptoms  ; 
Riga's  disease. 

Aphthaphyte  [af* '-thah-fif) .     See  Aphthophyte. 

Aphthenxia  [af-thengks' -e-ak)  [d  priv.  ;  tjfieyijig,  utter- 
ance]. A  form  of  aphasia  with  impaired  expression  of 
articulate  sounds. 

Aphthoid  [af-tkoid)  [a<pda,  an  eruption].  Like  or  re- 
sembling  aphtha 

Aphthongia  {af-thong* -ge-ah)  [q  priv.  ;  o"«;. ;.or,  a 
sound].  A  peculiar  form  of  aphasia  due  to  spasm  of 
the  muscles  supplied  by  the  hypoglossal  nerve. 

Aphthophyte  [af'-tho-fit)  \iuJhi.  aphtha;  <j>vr6r,  plant] 
The   Oidium  albicans,  or   Sacc,karomyces  albicans,  a 
yeast-fungus  often  seen  on  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
mouths  of  infants;   regarded   by  some  as  the  cause  of 
true  aphtha?.     See  Sprue. 

Aphthous  {af'-thus)  \a$8a,  an  eruption].  Pertaining  to 
or  affected  with  aphtha-  or  thrush. 

Aphyllon  (ah-fil'-on)  [d  priv.;  tpiiAAov,  a  leaf.].  A 
genus  of  orobanchaceous  plants.  A.  uniflorum,  a 
plant,  the  naked  broom  rape  or  cancer-root  of  North 
America.  It  is  astringent,  and  has  been  employed  as 
a  cure  for  cancer.      I  uof. 

Aphyllous  [ah-fiP-us)  [d  priv.;  oi'/'/ov,  a  leaf].  In 
biology,  naturally  leafless. 

Apical  (a'-pik-al)  [apt  \.  the  top].  Pertaining  to  the 
apex.  A.  Cell,  in  biology,  the  cell  at  the  apex  of 
every  branch,  leal  or  other  organ,  and  from  the  divi- 
sion of  which  all  succeeding  <  1  11-  an-  formed. 

Apices  [a'-pis-lz)  [L.].      Plural  of  Apex.     Summits. 

Apiculus  [ap-ik' '-u-lus)  \apic,  a  point].     In  biology,  a 
short  abrupt  point  formed  by  the  mid-rib  oi  a  leal  pro 
jei  ting  beyond  the  bladi 

Apinoid  [ap/-in-oid)  [d  priv.;  k'ivoc,  dirt  ;  eMdc,form], 
Clean;  not  foul.  A.  Cancer,  schirrhus  ;  so  called 
from  its  cleanly  -■■<  lion. 

Apiol  [apt-e-ol)  \apium,  parsle)  ;  oleum,  oil],  Cj,HH- 
1  i(.  A  poisonous  principle  occurring  in  parsle)  sei  ds  ; 
it  crystallizes  in  long  white  needles,  with  a  slight 
parsley  odor;  melt-  at  300  < '.  (86°  L).  and  boils  il 
294°  C  (5720  F.).  It  is  used  in  dysmenorrhea  and  in 
pinal  atom.  Ii  acts  upon  the  reflex  andvaso 
motor  centers.  It  is  also  called  parsley-camphor. 
I  lose  trpiij-x.      In  doses  of  rrpxxx  it  is  narcotic.      Unof. 

Apiolin    [ajZ-e-o-lin)   [apium,  parsley  ;    oleum,  oW].     A 
udo-apiic   alcohol,    the   active    principle   of   Apium 
p  ttro  ,  /inum.    and    a    reliable    emmenagogue.      1 
rrp  iij  in  capsule,  night  and  morning. 


ATI-  »S 


101 


APOGAMY 


Apios    (ap'-e-os)    \anioc,  a  pear].     A   genus  of  plants. 
A.  tuberosa,  a  twining  papilionaceous  plant  of  North 
America,  bearing  tubers  which  when  cooked  are  edible. 
It  is  calU-<l  ground-nut,  wild-bean,  Indian  potato, 
Said  to  be  alterative.      I  aof. 

Apis  {a' -pis)  [I..,  a  bee].  A  genu-  of  hvmenopterous 
insects.  A.  mellifica,  the  hone)  bee;  in  homeopathy 
the  poison  of  the  honey  bee's  sting,  or  a  preparation 
thereof. 

Apium    (a'-pe-itni)    [L.].     A    genus   of   umbelliferous 
plants.     A.  graveolens.     See  Celery.     A.  petroseli- 
num,  is  the  common  garden  parsley  ;  aperient,  diuretic, 
somewhat  antipci iodic ;  useful  in  dysmenorrhea.      I 
of  the  lid.  ext    (of  the  root)  gtt.  xv-^j. 

Apjohn's  Formula  A  formula  lor  determining  the 
dew  point  by  means  of  the  elastic  tension. 

Aplacental  [ah-plds  en'-tal)  [d  priv.;  placenta,  a  cake]. 
I  (estitute  of  placenta. 

Aplanatic  [ah-plan-af '-its)  [d  priv.  ;  TrXavaeiv,  to 
wander].  Not  wandering;  rectilinear.  A.  Lens,  a 
lens  corrected  for  all  aberration  of  light  and  color.  A 
rectilinear  lens.     See  Objective. 

Aplanogamete  [ah-plan-o-gam/ -et-e)  [d  priv.  ;  7r/.dvoc, 
roaming  ;  ]ap.ETr/,  a  wife].  In  biology,  the  non-motile 
conjugating  cell  in  certain  green  algae,  i.  e.  Conjugate. 
See  Planogamate. 

Aplanospore  [ah-plan'-o-spor).  Same  as  Aplanoga- 
mete. 

Aplasia  [ah-pla' '-se-ah)  [«  priv.  ;  kTiAgoeiv,  to  form].  A 
type  of  incomplete  structure  by  reason  of  the  non-for- 
mation of  a  necessary  cell-group  during  the  develop- 
mental stage.  Called  also  Hypoplasia .  A.,  Laminar. 
Synonym  of  Facial  Hemiatrophy. 

Aplastic  {iih-plas' -tik)  [d  priv.  ;  -/aooetv,  to  form]. 
I.  Structureless,  formless.  2.  Not  characterized  by 
plasticity :  preventive  of  plastic  process  within  the 
organism.  A.  Lymph,  one  of  the  products  of  inflam- 
mation or  disease.  A  non-fibrinous  material  incapable 
of  coagulation  or  organization. 

Apleuria  {ak-plit'-re-ali)  [d  priv.  ;  -'/zvpa,  a  rib].  Con- 
genital absence  of  the  ribs. 

Aplotomia  {ap-lo-tom'-e-ah),  or  Aplotomy  (ap-lot'-o- 
me).     See  Haplotowv. 

Aplysiopurpurin  [ap-liz-e-o-per' '-pu-riu)  [avcTivoia,  tilth- 
iness ;  -np<j>i<pa,  a  purple  dye].  A  reddish  pigment 
derived  from  the  Aplysiidas. 

Apnea  {ap-ne'-ali)  [d  priv.  ;  irvkeiv,  to  breathe].  For- 
merly used  as  synonymous  with  asphyxia,  meaning 
breathlessness ;  difficult  respiration  ;  partial  or  com- 
plete suspension  of  breathing.  It  is  employed  now 
only  in  the  physiological  sense,  to  denote  the 
condition  in  which  the  blood  is  too  highly  oxygen- 
ized. The  presence  of  an  over-abundance  of  oxy- 
gen prevents  stimulation  of  the  medullary  respira- 
tory center,  and  respiration  is  arrested  in  conse- 
quence. A.  infantum.  Synonym  of  Laryngismus 
stridulus.  A.  neonatorum,  apnea  of  the  new- 
born child,  caused  by  difficult  labor,  pressure  upon 
the  cord,  etc. 

Apneumatic  [ap-nu-maf '-//•)  [dpriv. ;  irvevfia,  breath]. 
I.  Collapsed  ;  uninflated,  not  inflatable  :  said  of  parts 
of  the  lung.  2.  Carried  on  with  the  exclusion  of  air, 
as  an  apneumatic  operation  or  process. 

Apneumatosis  ( a*->ut->iiat-o,-sis\  [dpriv.  ;  Trvev/iaraoig, 
inflation].  Collapse  of  the  air  cells  of  some  part-  of 
the  lung  caused  by  blocking  of  the  bronchial  tubule-. 
and  resulting  in  a  condition  of  non-inflation  whereby 
the  lung  tissue  is  reduced  to  a  condition  similar  to  that 
of  atelectasis,  or  congenital  apneumatosis. 
Apneumia    [ap-nu' -me-ak)  [d  priv.;    Trvtvpuv,    lung]. 

Congenital  absence  of  the  lungs 
Apneumonervia( "/>-/?//- w'-z/r-r'- 1 >e-ah)\a  priv.;  KVEVfiuv, 


hint,'  ;  nervus,  a  nerve].      Deficient   nerve  stimulus  in 
the  lung. 

Apneumoneuria  [ap-nu-mo-nuf -re-ah  -  me  as  Ap- 
11  um  Tiervia. 

Apneustia  (ap  nils'  te  ah)  [d  priv.  ;  mi  uv,  to  breathe]. 
Apnea  ;  breathlessness. 

Apncea  [ap  u  '  ah).     See  Apnea. 

Apo-  '        j  ■■■-■-.    from].      A   prefix   denoting    from, 

iration. 

Apoaconitin  lap-o-ak-on' '-it-in)  \hir6,  trim;   aconitum, 
aconite],    < ',.1  lu.\<  >M.      An   alkaloid    prepared    from 
nitin  by  dehydration. 

Apoatropin  1  '-ro-pin\  \inz6,  from;  .  un- 

changeable], Cj7H21N02.     An  alkaloid  obtained    by 
the  action  ol  1 1  Nl  > ..  on  atropin. 

Apoblast  [ap/-o-blast)  \hiz6,  away;  3/Uzcrroc,  a  germ]. 
In  biology  the  unimpregnated  ovum;  an  outcast  celi. 
See  1  >a/ 

Apoblema     [ap-o-ble' '-mah)    [air6/3faffta ;    aw6,    away; 
'/r,  to  throw].       The  product  of  abortion. 

Apobole  [ap-ob'-o-le)  [otto  in'/ /, .  a  throwing  away]. 
Expulsion  ;   abortion. 

Apocarpous  {ap-o-kar' -pus)  \air6,  from;  fruit]. 

In    biology,  composed    of   separate  or  easily  separable 
carpels. 

Apocarteresis  [ap-o-kar-ter-e> '-sis)  [a—oKaprepj/aig,  lack 
of  fortitude]  .      Suicide  by  starvation. 

Apocatastasis  [ap-o-kat-as' '-tas-is)  [anoiun  rraaiq,  res- 
toration].     The  subsidence  of  an  abscess  or  tumor. 

Apocatharsis  [ap-o-kath-ar1 '-sis)  [a— 6,  away;  loitiapaiq, 
purgation].      Purgation;   abevacuation. 

Apocathartic  \ap-o-kath-ar'-lik).      Same  as  Cathartic. 

Apocenosis  (ap-o-sen'-o-sis)  [airoicevbeiv,  to  drain].  An 
increased  flow  or  evacuation  of  blood  or  other  humor-. 

Apocenotic  [ap-o-sen-ot'-ik)  \airoKEv6etv,  to  drain]. 
Producing  apocenosis. 

Apochromatic  [ap-o-kro-mat/-ik\  [d-<J,  away;  xpijun, 
color].  Without  color.  A  Lens,  a  lens  for  micro- 
scopic  and  optical  purposes,  with  high  correction  of 
spherical  and  chromatic  aberrations,  and  better  "  defini- 
tion."     A.  Objective.      See  Objectii 

Apocodein  {ap-o-ko* -de-in~)  [d<n5,  from;  nuSeia,  the 
head] ,  C18H19N(  >.,.  An  alkaloid  prepared  from  co  lei n 
by  dehydration.  It  is  emetic  and  expectorant,  with 
other  qualities  much  like  those  of  codein,  and  is 
recommended  in  chronic  bronchitis.     Unof. 

Apocope  1  ap  ok' -op, "1  [ax6,  from;  wt;,,  a  cutting]. 
Amputation  or  abscission;  an  operation  or  a  wound 
that  results  in  loss  of  substance. 

Apocrustic    [ap-o-krus'-tik)    [airoicpoveiv,  to    beat 
Repellent;  defensive;   astringent. 

Apocynin  [ap-os/-in-in)  \apocynon,  dogbane].  The 
precipitate  from  a  tincture  of  Apocynum  cannabinum; 
tonic,  alterative,  and  evacuant.     Dose  gr.  '4-j.    Unof. 

Apocynum  \ap-os' '-in-um')  [apocynon,  dogbane].  Can- 
adian Hemp.  The  root  of  A .  cannabinum.  Proper- 
tie-  due  to  an  alkaloi<  .  in.  A  good  expectorant. 
In  full  do-es  an  emetic  and  cathartic.  Valuable  in 
dropsy.  hose  gr.  v-xx  ;  of  the  alkaloid,  gr.  %—)£■ 
A.  Ext.,  Fid.  Dose  nxv-xx.  A.,  Tinct.  I 
n\v-xl.  Should  not  be  confounded  with  Cann 
indica.  Unof.  Another  American  specie-,  A.  an- 
drosaemifolium.  has  similar  properties.      Unof. 

Apodemialgia    ip     de-me-al'  -      u<a,  journey; 

akyeiv,  to  grieve].      A  morbid  dislike  of  home-life  with 
a  desire  for  wandering. 

Apodia  (ah-po/-de-ah)  [d  priv.  .  -  .a  foot].  Absence 
of  feet. 

Apodous  [apf-o-dus)  [dpriv.;   jtovc,  afoot].     Foot! 
characterized  by  apodia. 

Apogamy  '  -   .away  from;  ya/ioc,  mar- 

riage].    In    biology,   I.   Asexual    reproduction    where 


AP(  IGEI  >1  ROPISM 


102 


APOPLEXY 


the  opposite  usually  occurs.     2.  The  total  and  normal 
ace  oi  sexual  reproductive  power. 

Apogeotropism  from 

the  earth;  -  -  ,  turning].  In  biology,  tending  to 
turn  upward  <>r  away  from  the  ground. 

Apohyal  |  [ajrd,  from;   voeiSijg,  shaped  like 

the  letter  upsilon] .  Relating  to  the  anterior  (styloid) 
cornua  of  the  tiyoid  bom-. 

Apokenosis  ( 

Apokenotic  |  -  totic. 

Apolar  '  1  [k  priv. ;  t</>-<»  ,  the  end  of  an  axis]. 

Having  no  pole.      A.  Cells,  nerve  cells  without  pro 
»ses. 

Apolepsis  ,  a  leaving  off  ] .    Sup- 

pa— -ion    or    retention    of     a    secretion    or    excretion  ; 
isation  of  a  function. 

Apolexis  .a   declining].     The 

line  of  life  ;  tlie  stage  of  catabolism  or  decay. 

Apollinaris  Water  /•  l-in-a'-ris).  A  German  alka- 
line mineral  water,  highly  charged  with  carbonic  acid, 
largely  used  for  gout,  rheumatism,  etc.,  but  possessing 
little  medicinal  value.     See  Mineral  Water. 

Apomorphia,  or  Apomorphin^//>-<;-w<>//-/;>-<//,',  or  -mor'- 
['<-«,  from  ;  Morpheus,  the  god  of  sleep],  C17H17- 
\,  =  morphia —  11,1  >.  An  artificial  alkaloid,  derived 
from  morphin.  The  hydrochlorate  is  the  salt  used, 
and  i-  a  grayish  crystalline  powder.  It  is  a  systemic 
emetic  acting  directly  upon  the  vomiting  center,  and 
i-  the  quickest,  most  certain  and  least  irritating  of  all 
emetics.  Unof.  Dose  gr.  1,1„-110- hypodennatically,  or 
gr.  y    the   mouth.      An    expectorant   in    small 

doses.  A.  injectio  hypodermica  (B.  P.).  Do-e  as 
an  expectorant  by  the  mouth,  gr.  ss  ;  as  an  emetic,  by 
the  mouth,  gr.  ',;  hypodermatically,  gr.  \.  Syrupus 
apomorph.  hydrochloratis.     J  >o-e  §ss-j. 

Apomyelin  [ap-o-mi' '-elrin)  [a<n$,  from  ;  uveMq,  mar- 
row], A  peculiar  phosphatized  principle  reported  to 
exist  in  the  brain  tissue  and  containing  no  glycerol. 

Apomyttosis  [ap-o-tm  [airo/ivooeiv,  to  blow  the 

nose].     Any  disease  marked  by  stertor;  a  sneezing. 

Apone  dip-on')  [Fr. :  /(priv.;  k6voq,  pain].  An  ano- 
dyne; especially  the  concentrated  tincture  of  capsi- 
cum ;  used  externally  for  the  relief  of  pain,  and  inter- 
nally in  small  doses,  diluted,  for  hemorrhoids,  dyspep- 
sia, and  mania.      Dose  gtt.  iij-x.      Unof. 

Aponeurography  [ap-o-nu-ro*' -ra-fe)  [airovevpaoig , 
aponeurosis;  ypd^rj,  a  writing].  A  description  of  the 
fascia?,  or  aponeuroses. 

Aponeurology  (ap-o-nu-rol'-o-je)  [airovevpaaig,  apon- 
eurosis; >"■'/',  an  account].  The  science  of  the 
fasciae  or  aponeuroses. 

Aponeurosis  [ap-on-u-ro1 'sis)  [<Z7r<$,  from  ;  vevpov,  a  ten- 
don], A  fibrinous  membranous  expansion  of  a  tendon 
giving  attachment  to  muscles  or  serving  to  enclose 
and  bind  down  muscles.  Remarkable  for  their  size  or 
importance  are  the  infra-  pinous,  enclosing  the  infra- 
spinous  muscle;  that  of  the  arm,  of  th 
of  the  external  oblique  or  abdominal,  of  the  forearm, 
of  th     leg,  of  the  t>  .  of  the  head,  eti    . 

A.   of    Occipito-frontalis,    the    tendinous    aponeur- 
-  that  separate-  the  two  slips  of  the  or  -  ipito  frontalis 
mu-cle.      A.  of  Soft   Palate,  a  thin   but    firm   fibrous 
layer,  attached  above  to  the  hard    palate,  and  becom 
ing  thinner  toward  the  free  margin  of  the  velum.      A. 
of   Subscapular,  a    thin  membrane  attached  to  the 
re    circumference    of   the    subscapular    fossa,    and 
■  rding   attachment   by  it-    inner   -urface   to  som 
the  tibei.-  of  the   subscapularis  muscle.     A.,  Supra- 
spinous, a  thick  and   den-e  membranous   layer  that 
coir  rous  case  jn  w|,j,  |,    ,||(.  5Uj 

spinatus  mu  mtained,  affording  attachment  by 

it-  inner  surface  to  some  of  die  fibers  of  the  muscle. 


A.,  Vertebral,  a  thin  aponeurotic  lamina  extending 
along  tin  whole  length  of  the  back  part  of  the  thoracic 
region,  serving  to  bind  down  the  erector  spinas,  and 
separating  it  from  those  muscles  that  connect  the  spine 
to  th,-  upper  extremity. 

Aponeurositis  [ap-on-u  ro-si'-ti.  \\hnavEvputyi$,  an  apon- 
eurosis; '-"  ,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  an 
aponeurosis. 

Aponeurotic  [ap-on-u-ro/' '  ik\  [airovevpuatg ,  aponeuro- 
-i-J.     Pertaining  to  or  of  the  nature  of  an  aponeui 

Aponeurotome    [ap-on-u' '-ro-totn)    TairovebpoHTig,   apon 
euro-is;   rofii),  a  cut].     An   instrument   for  dividing 
fasci  1  . 

Aponeurotomy  [ap-on-u-rof -o-me)  \airavei)puaic,  apon- 
eurosis ;  Tumi ,  a  cut].  The  incision,  dissection,  or 
anatomy  of  the  fasciae  ;   fasciotomy. 

Aponipsis  {ap-o-nip' '-sis)  [airovirjfic,  a  washing],  A 
washing;  especially  an  internal  washing,  ancient!) 
performed  bj  copious  draughts  of  milk  whey. 

Apopetalous  [ap-o-pet'-al-us)  \ji~6,  away  from  ;  wirakav, 
leaf].      In  biology,  same  as  Polypetalous. 

Apophlegmatic  [ap-o- /leg-mat '-ik)  \air6,  away; 
o/.'}//a,  phlegm].  Promoting  the  expulsion  of  mucus 
from  the  air  passages. 

Apophyllous  [ap-o-fil' '-us)  [air6,  from;  o'v/'/uv,  a  leaf  ]. 
Jn  biology,  having  distinct  calyx  or  perianth  leaves. 

Apophysar  [ap-off'-is-ar).     See  Apophysary. 

Apophysary  [ap-off'-is-a-re]  [airotyveiv,  to  put  forth]. 
Pertaining  to  or  of  the  nature  of  an  apophysis. 

Apophyseal,  Apophysial  [ap-o-fiz' '-e-al).  Same  as 
Apophysary. 

Apophysis  [ap-off'-is-is)  [ii-o,  from;  <f>vaig,  growth]. 
In  biology,  a  process,  outgrowth,  or  swelling  of  some 
part  or  organ,  as  of  a  bone,  the  internal  process  of  the 
mandible  of  a  crustacean,  or  some  part  of  a  plant,  e.g. 
the  seta  of  certain  mo— es.  A.  lenticularis,  the 
orbicular  process  of  the  temporal  bone.  A.  raviana, 
the  processus  gracilis  of  the  malleus. 

Apoplectic  [ap-oplek'-tik)  \_a-oiz'/x^ia,  apoplexy]. 
Pertaining  to  or  affected  with  apoplexy.  A.  Equiva- 
lents, a  name  given  to  the  premonitory  symptoms 
of  apoplexy,  indicating  that  the  brain  is  subject  to 
alterations  in  the  blood  pressure,  a  condition  that  may 
lead  to  serious  consequences  if  the  arterial  wall 
diseased. 

Apoplectiform  [ap-o-plek' -tif -orm)  [aironfel-ia,  apo- 
plexy  ;  forma,  form].       Sudden,  like  apoplexy.' 

Apoplectigenous  [ap-o-plek-tif -en-us)  \ji-n-/i  :m , 
apoplexy;  yewaeiv, to  produce].  Producing  apoplexy 
or  cerebral  hemorrhage. 

Apoplectoid  iap-O-plek'-toid).      Same  rtiform. 

Apoplexia  [ap-o-pleks'  e-ah)  [I-].  Apoplexy.  A. 
splenitis.     Synonym  of  Anthrax. 

Apoplexy  (ap/-o-pleks-e)   [ii-n-r//,;  a,  a  striking  down]. 
The  symptom  complex  resulting  from  cerebral   bemoi 
rhage,  affusion,  or    from    the    plugging   of    a   cerebral 
vessel.      Modern    writers    mostly    describe   the    posl 
mortem  appearance-  by  other  terms,  a-  <  •  n  bral  hemor 
rhage,  effusion,  thrombosis,  etc.    The  chief  symptom 
is  -milieu  loss  of  motion,  sensation  and  <  onsciousness, 
the    patient    falling   and    lying  a-  it    dead.     There  is 
frequently    a   conjugate   deviation   oi    the   eyes  and  a 
rotation  of  the  head   away   from    the  paralyzed  side, 
and  toward  the  side  on  which  the  cerebral  lesion  exists. 
Death  may  result  instantaneously,  or  shortly,  or  the  pa- 
tient may  recover  consciousness  and  then  be  found  to  tw 
suffering  from  paralysis  ol  one  ball  of  the  body  [Hemi 
plegia,  '/•"'■).     The  bursting  of  a  vessel  in  the  lungs, 
liver,  ei  iiiethne-  called   apoplexy  of  the  lungs, 

liver,  etc.  A.,  Capillary,  from  rupture  and  effusion 
ol  capillaries.  A.,  Ingravescent,  a  term  applied 
to  .1    form    of  apoplexy   in  which  there  i-  a  slowly  pro- 


AI'<  fPSYCHIA 


103 


APPENDK  I  I  [S 


gressive  loss  of  consciousness  due  to  a  gradual  leakage 

of  blood  from  a  ruptured  vessel.  A.,  Pulmonary, 
escape  i>i  blood  into  the  pulmonary  parenchyma,  with 
laceration  of  its  substance.  A.,  Simple,  the  name 
given  to  those  cases  of  death  from  coma  in  which  no 
cerebral  lesion  is  found.  A.,  Spinal.  See  Hematomye- 
Hit.     A.,  Splenic.     Synonym  of  Anthrax. 

Apopsychia  [ap-op-sik' -e-ah)  [<im$,  awaj  ;  i  ■<  $,  spirit]. 
Syncope;  fainting;  a  faint. 

Apoptosis  [ap-op-to'-sis)  [a?r<J,away  ;  nru<nc,a  fall 
A   falling  off,   as  of  a  crust,  or  of  the  hair;   loosening 
of  a  scab  or  crust . 

Aporetin  {ap-o-re' -tin )  [d.7T<$,  from;  pqrivji,  a  resin].  A 
resinous  substance  found  in  rhubarb. 

Aporrhinosis  [ap-or-in-& 'sis)  [air6,  from  ;  pig,  nose]. 
A  discharge  from  the  nostril 

Aporrhipsis  (ap-or-ip/ -sis)  \aic6,  away  from  ;  pinrecv,  to 
throw].  The  throwing  off  of  the  clothes  or  the  bed- 
clothes; a  symptom  seen  in  some  cases  of  insanity  and 
in  delirium. 

Aposcythisis  (ap-o-sith'-is-is)  \anoanvdi^Etv,  to  scalp  in 
the  Scythian  manner].  The  surgical  or  traumatic  re- 
moval of  the  scalp. 

Aposematic  (ap-o-sem' '-at-ik)  [mth,  away  from  ;   01 
sign].     Applied   to  such   colors  as   are  used   by  ani- 
mals  as   signals   or   warnings   of  some   dangerous    or 
unpleasant  quality,  in  repelling  enemies. 

Aposepalous  (ap-o-sep'  -al-us).     See  Polysepalous. 

Aposepsis  (ap-o-sep/ -sis)  [a-oai/ipig,  putrefaction;  see 
Sepsis].     Complete  putrefaction. 

Aposia  (ah-po'-ze-ah)  [a  priv. ;  k6olq,  a  drinking].  Ab- 
sence of  thirst ;  adipsia. 

Apositia  (ap-o-sit'-c-ah)  [a-6,  from;  ffZrof,  food]. 
Aversion  to  or  loathing  of  food. 

Apositic  (ap-o-sit'-ik)  [ok6,  from  ;  alror,  food].  Im- 
pairing the  appetite  ;  affected  with  apositia. 

Aposorbic  Acid  (ap-a-sor' '-bik).     See  Acid. 

Aposphacelisis  (ap>-o-sfas-el' -is-is)  \airoa<paK£Xiaig,  a 
dving  of  gangrene].  Mortification;  gangrene  due  to 
constriction. 

Apospory  (ap-os'-po-re)  [a7ro,away  from  ;  cr-opoc, seed]. 
In  biology,  reproduction  without  the  intervention  of 
spores  in  cases  where  sporogenesis ordinarily  occurs. 

Apostasis  (ap-os' -tas-is)  [airdaraaig,  a  standing  away 
from].  I.  An  abscess.  2.  The  end  or  the  crisis  of  an 
attack  of  disease  ;  termination  by  crisis.  3.  An  exfolia- 
tion. In  biology,  the  separation  of  organs  by  unusual 
elongation  of  internodes. 

Apostatic  (ap-os-taf -ik)  \_n~6araaig,  a  standing  away 
from].     Relating  to  orof  the  nature  of  an  apostasis. 

Apostaxis  (ap-o-staks'-is)  [a~6,  from ;  ordi-ig,  a 
dropping].     A  discharge  of   fluid  hydrops  :  epistaxis. 

Apostem  (ap'-o-stem),  or  Apostema  [ap-o-ste' -mah) 
[air6arr/fjia,3.n  abscess].      An  abscess. 

Apostematic  (ap-os  tern- at' -ih)  \air6oTTjiia,  an  abscess]. 
Relating  to  or  of  the  nature  of  an  abscess. 

Apostemation  (ap-os-tem-a' -shun  \  \apostematio,  abs 
formation].     The  formation  of  an  apostem  or  abscess. 

Apostematoid  (ap-os-tem' '-at-oid  \\aTr6ari][ia,  an  abscess; 
eidog,  form].     Resembling  an  apostem  or  abscess. 

Aposthia  (ak-pos'-the-ak)  [d  priv;  -6061?,  penis,  pre- 
puce].    Absence  of  the  penis  or  of  the  prepuce. 

Apostolus  Method.  The  use  of  strong  electrolytic  or 
chemical  galvano-caustic  currents  in  the  treatment  o\ 
diseases  of  the  female  generative  organs,  especially 
uterine  fibroids. 

Apostrophe  (ap-osf -tro-fe)  \Jm6,  away  :  orpi<j>eiv,  to 
turn].  The  arrangement  of  chlorophyll  bodies  along 
the  side  walls  of  the  cells  as  .1  result  of  excess  or 
deficiency  of  light.     Cf.    Epistrophe  and  Dystrophe. 

Apostume  (ap'-os-tum)  [airdanj/ia,  an  abscess].  An 
abscess. 


Aposyringosis  (ap-o-sir-in-go' -sis)  [air6,  from;    tri 
I'll"-  ].       I  be  formation  of  or  change  into  a  fistula. 

Apotelesm    (ap-ot' -el-ezm)    [airoreXeapa,  result.] 
terminatii  in  "l  a  disease. 

Apothecaries'  Weight.  A  system  of  weights  and 
measures  used  in  compounding  medicines.  I  he  Troy 
pound  of  5760  grains  is  the  standard.  It  is  subdivided 
into  12  ounces.  The  ounce  is  subdivided  into  eight 
dra<  bms,  the  drachm  into  three  scruples,  and  tli  • 
into  20  grains.  For  tluid  measure  the  quart  of 
32  fluid  ounces  is  subdivided  into  pints,  the  pint  into 
16  fluid  ounces,  the  ounce  into  eight  fluid  drachm-, 
and  the  fluid  drachm  into  60  minims.  The  following 
abbreviations  are  used:  — 


It],  minim. 
Kit.,  trutta,  a  drop. 
1.    set  ufiu  'u  .  a  scruple 

(20  grains) 
5.   drachma,    a    drachm 

(60  grains). 


3,    itticia,  an   ounce  (480 

grains) 
Hi,  libt  a  a  pi  lund. 
O  ,octarius,  a  pint, 
gr.,  granum,  a  grain. 
ss.,  semissis,  one-half. 


See  Weights  and  Measures. 

Apothecary  (ap-oth1 '-e-ka-re)  [airotiqiui,  a  storehouse]. 
A  druggist.  One  who  prepares  and  -■  Us  drugs,  fills 
prescriptions,  etc.  In  Great  Britain  the  apothecary  is 
also  a  physician,  tilling  his  own  prescriptions.  In  the 
United  States  it  frequently  happens  that  an  authorized 
practitioner  is  also  an  apothecary,  but  without  the 
degree  of  M.  I),  the  practice  of  medicine  is  illegal. 

Apothecium  (ap-o-the' -se-um)    ["~  "  use]. 

[n  biology,  the  saucer-shaped  fruiting  organ,  or  asco- 
carp,  of  lichens  and  certain  ascomycetous  fungi. 

Apothem,  or  Apothema  (ap' '-o-them  or  ap-oth' -em-ah) 
[and,  fnmi;  Bi/ia,  a  deposit].  A  brown  powder 
formed  by  the  open-air  evaporation  of  a  vegetable  in- 
fusion or  decoction. 

Apothesis  (ap-oth' -es-is)  [airdOemg,  a  putting  back]. 
The  reduction  of  a  fracture  or  luxation. 

Apotheter  (ap-oth' -et-er),  A  navel-string  repositor  de- 
vised by  Braun,  consisting  of  a  stall  with  a  sling 
attached  in  which  the  prolapsed  funis  is  placed  and 
carried  up  into  the  uterine  cavity. 

Apothymia  (ap-o-thl' -me-ah)  \_a~Mi nine,  distasteful, 
disagreeable].      An  aversion. 

Apotrepsis  (ap-o-trep' -sis)  [awo-peipig,  a  turning  away]. 
The  resolution  of  an  absce--. 

Apozem,    or    Apozema    (ap'-o-z:»i.  or  ap-oz' 

\air6,  away;    ce/v,  to  boil].      A  decoction,  especially 
one  to  which  medicines  are  admixed. 

Apparatus  (ap-ar-a'-tus)  [apparatus,  prepared].  The 
instruments  used  in  any  science,  art,  <>r  surgical  opera- 
tion. Anatomically  the  word  is  used  to  designate  col- 
lectively the  organs  effecting  any  specified  work  or 
action.  A.  ligamentosus  colli,  the occipito-axoid  lig- 
ament, a  broad  band  at  the  front  surface  of  the  spinal 
canal  that  covers  the  odontoid  pro* 

Apparent  (ap-a'-rent)  [apparer  .  to  appear].  Seeming; 
appearing  to  be  like.     A.  Death.     See  Death. 

Apparition  (ap-ar-ish'-un)  \apparitio,  an  appearance], 
A  visual  delusion  or  hallucination. 

Apparitor  [ap-ar' -it-or)  [I...  a  helper].  A  small  coiled 
tube  worn  at  the  ear  to  assist  the  hearing. 

Appendage    (ap-en'-ddj)  \_arr  ,  to  weigh  ;  hang] . 

That   which   is   attached   to  an    organ  as  a  part    of  it. 
S  1  fix.     A.,  Auricular,  the  projecting  part  of 

the  cardiac    auricle.     A..   Epiploic.     See  Appendix. 
A.,  Ovarian,  the  parovarium. 

Appendicectomy  (ap  -  ,  n  -  dis  -  eh'-  to  -  me)  [appendix  : 
kicrofiq,  excision].  Excision  of  the  appendix  vermi- 
forinis. 

Appendicitis  (ap-en-dis-i'-tis)  \ap  .  to  hang  upon 

or  to;   trig,  inflammation].      Inflammation  of  the  ap- 
pendix vermiformis;  ecphyaditis. 


-X  1-1*1  NDIC1  I.AK 


104 


APTYALISM 


Appendicular  [ap-en-dik' '-u-lar)  Tappendicula,  a  small 
appendix].  Pertaining  to  the  appendix  vermiformis. 
A.  Gland,  a  biramose  gland  attached  to  the  sper- 
matheca  of  queen  b< 

Appendix  n'-dihs)  [  .       hang  upon  or  to : 

pi. ,  Appendices],  What  is  accessory  to  or  dependent 
upon  another.  An  appendage.  A.  auricularis,  the 
auricular  appendage,  a  process  of  the  auricles  of  the 
heart.  A.  caeci  vermiformis,  a  worm  shaped  pro 
>s  of  the  cecum.  A.  cerebri,  the  pituitary  body. 
A.,  Ensiform.  See  Xiphoid.  A.  epiploicse,  pouch- 
like, fatty  |  is  of  the  peritoneum  of  the  large 
intestine.     A.,  Xiphoid.     See  Xiphoid. 

Apperception  '-shun)       \_appercipere,      to 

receive].  The  conscious  reception  <>r  perception  of  a 
sensory  impression  ;  the  power  of  receiving  and  appre- 
ciating  sensory  impressions. 

Appert's  Process.      The  preservation  ("  canning")  of 

meat,  fruits,  and    vegetables   by  exclusion  of   air  and 

rms;  effected  by  hermetically  sealing  the  substances 

in  tin  can-  after  heating  the  contents  to  no0  or  more. 

Appetence  [ap'-e-tens)  \aptpetentia,  appetite].  An 
appetite,  or  desire  ;  the  attraction  of  a  living  tissue  for 
those  materials  that  are  appropriate  for  its  nutrition. 

Appetency  [apf-e-ten-se).  i.  See  Appetence.  2.  In 
biology,  the  doctrine  propounded  by  Lamarck,  in 
which  it  is  maintained  that  new  organs  can  be  pro 
duced  in  animals  by  the  simple  assertion  of  the  will 
called  into  action  by  new  want.-,  and  that  the  organs 
thus  acquired  can  be  transmitted  by  generation. 

Appetite  tit)    \ap>petere,  to  desire].     The  desire 

E  >r  fix  id  ;  also  any  natural  desire  ;  lust.  A.,  Perverted, 
that  for  unnatural  and  undigestible  things,  frequent  in 
disease  and  pregnancy.  Anorexia,  loss  of  appetite  ; 
Bulimia,  insatiable  appetite ;  Hunger,  the  strong 
desire  and  need  of  food. 

Appetizer  [ap* '-e-tt-zer)  \appetere,  to  desire].  A  medi- 
cine, or  dose,  taken  to  stimulate  the  appetite. 

Applanate  (ap'-lan-df)  \_ad,  to;  planus,  flat].  In 
biology,  horizontally  flattened. 

Applanatio  [ap-lan-a' -she-o)  [I-]-  A  flattening.  A. 
corneae,  flattening  of  the  entire  surface  of  the  cornea 
from  disease. 

Applanation  (ap-lan-a' 'shun)  \_applanatio,  a  flattening]. 
A  flattening,  as  of  the  cornea. 

Apple  {up' -I)  [AS.,  Kppel,  an  apple].  The  fruit  of  the 
tree,  Pyras  main.; .  A.,  Adam's.  See  Pomum  adami. 
A. -brandy,  an  alcoholic  spirit  distilled  from  eider; 
cider  brandy.  A.  Extract.  See  Extraction  ferri 
pomatum.  A. -eye,  a  synonym  of  Exophthalmos. 
A.  of  the  Eye,  the  pupil  ;  also,  the  eyeball.  A. -jack. 
A  .-brandy.  A. -oil,  amyl  valerianate;  prepared 
from  isoamyl- isovaleric  ester. 

Application  yap-lik-a' ' -shun)\applicatio ,  an  application]. 
The  act  of  applying  anything,  as  a  plaster,  leech,  band- 
age, lotion,  pad,  or  compress;  the  thing  so  applied. 
A.  Colors.  incnts,  Colors,  and  Dyestuffs. 

Applicative  {ap/-lik-a-tiv).     See  Condupli 

Applicator  (ap'-lih-a-tor)   [I..].     An    instrument 
in  making  applications ;  especially,  one  used  in  uterine 
or  urethral  surg< 

Applier  [ap-li'-er)  [applicare,  to  apply].  A  dental  in- 
strument for  making  application-  to  teeth. 

Appolito's  Operation  ation  .  Table  of . 

Appolito's  Suture.      See  Suture. 

Apposition  [ap-o-zisk* -un)  [apponere,  to  apply  to].  The 
act  of  fitting  together;  the  -tit'-  of  being  fitted  to- 
gether. A.  Theory,  a  theory  concerning  the  growth 
of  the  cell-wall,  a-  held  by  Si  limit/,  Strasburger,  etc., 
.,  that  stratified  and  other  cell-walls  of  plant-  grow 
in  thickn'-s  by  the  deposition  o<   new  p  upon 

the  inner  face  of  the  cell,     (irouth  in  sin: 


suit  of  a  simple  stretching  of  the  wall  by  the  pressure 
of  the  content-. 

Approach  (ap-roch')  [ME.,  approche\  A  drawing  near. 
A.  Grafting,  to  inarch. 

Appropriation  {ap-ro-pre-a* -shun)  \_appropriatio,  a  set- 
ting apart].     Assimilation  of  nutriment. 

Approximal  \ap ■roks' -im-al)  \ad,\.o;  proximus,  next]. 
I  hat  which  is  next  to;  contiguous.  In  dentistry, per- 
taining to  contiguous  surfaces,  a- approximal  fillings. 

Appun's  Apparatus.  A  device  for  determining  the 
overtones  ol  a  vowel  by  means   of  reeds. 

Apraxia  [ah-praks'-e-ah)  [d  priv. ;  irpaaanv,  to  do]. 
Soul  blindness  ;  mind-bhndne--  ;  object  I  >  1  i  n  <  1 1 1  <  -  -  -  ;  an 
affection  in  which  the  memory  for  the  uses  of  things 
is  lost,  as  well  as  the  understanding  for  the  signs  by 
which  the  things  are  expressed. 

Aprication  \ap-re-kaf -shun)  \apricatio,  a  basking  in  the 
sun].      The  sun-bath  ;  sun-stroke. 

Aproctia  [ah-prok-ter -ah)  [d  priv, ;  tt/xj/ctoc,  anus]. 
Imperforation  of  the  anus. 

Aproctosis  (  ah-prok-to'-sis)  [d  priv.  ;  Tvpunrdc,  anus]. 
See.  Aproctia. 

Aproctous  [ah-prok' -tus)  [d  priv.  ;  Trpunrdq,  the  aim-]. 
Having  imperforation  of  the  anus. 

Apron  {a'-piun)  [ME.,  apern\.  1.  In  surgery,  a  pro 
tection  or  covering  for  the  body  in  surgical  opera- 
tions. 2.  The  omentum.  A.,  Hottentot,  artificially 
elongated  labia  minora;  velamen  Tu/vtc.  A.  of 
Succor,  a  canvas  appliance  borne  by  two  men,  and 
used  lor  the  transportation  of    wounded  persons. 

Aprosexia  [ap-ro-seks' '-e-ah)  [d  priv.  ;  npoai  \tiv,  to 
give  heed].  A  mental  disturbance  consisting  in  in- 
ability to  fix  the  attention  upon  a  subject.  An  inability 
to  think  clearly  and  to  readily  comprehend  what  is  read 
or  heard,  sometimes  observed  in  the  course  of  chronic 
catarrh  of  the  nose  or  of  the  nose  and  pharynx. 

Aprosopa  (ap-ros'-o-pah).      See  Aprosopia 

Aprosopia  {ap-ro-so'-pe-ah)  [«  priv.  ;  irpdounrov,  the 
face].  A  form  of  fetal  monstrosity  with  partial  or 
complete  absence  of  face. 

Aprosopous  (ap-ros'-o-pus)  [d  priv.  ;  npoauTvnv,  the 
face].      Exhibiting  aprosopia. 

Aprosopus  (ap-ros/-o-pus)  [a  priv.  ;  npoaunov,  the  face]. 
An  aprosopous  fetus. 

Apselaphesia  (ap-sel-af-e' -ze-ak)  [d  priv.  ;  %!•/,'/ uo^rnr, 
touch].      Paralysis  of  the  tactile  sense. 

Apsithyria,  or  A.psithuTea(ap-sitli-i/-re-al/ ,  or  -//' -re -ah) 
\_u  priv.;  tptdvpi^eiv,  to  whisper],  A  term  suggested 
by  Solis-Cohen  for  hysterical  aphonia, in  which  the 
patient  not  only  loses  the  voije,  but  is  unable  even  to 
whisper.  It  is  generally  accompanied  by  double 
paralysis  of  the  vocal  cords,  but  there  is  no  paralysis  of 
the  tongue,  lip-,  or  expiratory  muscles.  Charcot 
especially  advocates  hypnotism  in  the  treatment  of  the 
condition. 

Apsychia  [ap-sikr -e-ah)  [d  priv.;  i/t|/,,  spirit].  I  n- 
consciousness  ;   a  faint  or  swoon. 

Apta  viro  {ctp'-tah  vi'-ro)  [I-  :  //..  Apta  zn'ris~\.  A 
young  girl  who  by  mechanical  means  has  been  rendered 
available  for  prostitution. 

Apterium  (ap-te' '-renin)  [d  priv.  ;  irrepdv,  a  feather]. 
In  biology,  a  normally  naked  tract  on  a  bird's  skin. 

Apterous  {ap'-t.i  us)  ["  priv.  ;  jrrepdv,  a  wing,  a 
feather].  In  biology,  destitute  of  wings  or  membran- 
ous expansions. 

Aptitude  {ap' -te-tud )  \aptitudo,  fitness].  Fitness,  ten- 
dency. The  natural  proneness  of  an  organism  toward 
certain  functions  or  pathological  conditions. 

Aptyalia  [ap-ti-a' '-le-ah)  \_ii  priv.  ;  irrvaTuov,  saliva].  See 
Aptyalism. 

Aptyalism  [ap-ti* -al-izm)  [d  priv. ;  KTvaXiijeiv,  to  spit]. 
I  1.  in  iency  or  absence  of  saliva. 


APTYST1  \ 


105 


ARA<  IIMIdl   M 


Aptystia  (ap-tis'-te-ah)  [a  priv.  ;   irrveiv,  to  spit]. 
Aptyalism. 

Apulosis  (ap-u-lo'-sis)  [anm'Kuaig j  •■'■'  ".  to  cicatrize]. 
Cicatrization,  or  a  cicatrix. 

Apulotic  [ap-u-lot' -ik)  \jikov7wtik6s,  healing].  Pro- 
moting cicatrization,  or  apulosis. 

Apus  [a'-pus)  [d  priv., and  irovg,  foot],  i.  A  monstro- 
sity consisting  in  absence  of  tin-  lower  limbs,  or  feet. 
2.    An  apodous  fetus. 

Apyonin  (ah-pi' -on-in)  [d  priv.  ;  rri)ov,  pus].  A 
remedy  introduced  as  a  substitute  for  pyoktanin  in 
ophthalmic  practice.  It  is  said  to  bo  identical  with 
yellow  pyoktanin.     Unof. 

Apyretic     (a/i-pi-ret'-ik)    -\ji     priv.  ;  ,    fever]. 

Without  fever  or  pyrexia. 

Apyrexia(rt//-//-r, 'ks'-e-ati)  [dpriv.  ;  wvpeicrdg,  feverish]. 
The  non-febrile  stage  of  an  intermittent  fever  ;  intermis- 
sion or  absence  of  fever. 

Apyrexial  {ah-pi-reks' '-e-al)  [airvpeicrog,  without  fever]. 
Pertaining  to,  of  the  nature  of,  or  characterized  by, 
apyrexia. 

Apyrexy  [ah' ' -pi-reks-e).     See  Apyrexia . 

Aqua  [a'-kwaft)  [L. :  gen.  and  pi.,  Aquce,  a'-kwe\. 
Water.  An  oxid  of  hydrogen  having  the  composition 
H..O.  It  is  a  solid  below  320,  a  liquid  between  320 
and  212°,  vaporizes  at  212°  at  the  sea  level  (bar.  760 
mm.),  giving  off  vapor  of  tension  equal  to  that  of  the 
air.  It  covers  four-fifths  of  the  surface  of  the  earth,  but 
is  never  pure  in  nature,  containing  from  a  trace  of 
soluble  matter,  in  rain  water,  to  26  per  cent,  of  soluble 
mineral  salts,  in  the  Dead  Sea.  Water  is  an  essential 
constituent  of  all  animal  and  vegetable  tissues.  In  the 
human  body  it  forms  two  per  cent,  of  the  enamel 
of  the  teeth,  77  per  cent,  of  the  ligaments,  78  per 
cent,  of  the  blood,  and  93  per  cent,  of  the  urine. 
Externally,  water  has  a  stimulating  effect  upon  the 
skin,  either  by  direct  or  reactionary  means.  Cold 
water  when  continued  too  long  may  lower  the  general 
temperature  of  the  body  so  as  to  produce  serious  depres- 
sion of  the  circulation  and  muscular  power.  When  pro- 
perly used  it  is  a  valuable  antipyretic.  Hot  water  and 
vapor  increase  circulation  and  produce  diaphoresis. 
Its  too  long-continued  use  debilitates.  Internally, 
water  is  a  diuretic.  It  is  the  mi  >st  useful  of  all  the  sol- 
vents in  pharmacy.  The  following  are  the  official  pre- 
parations and  forms  :  A.  bulliens,  boiling  water.  A. 
communis,  common  water.  A.  destillata,  distilled 
water.  A.  fervens,  hot  water.  A.  fluvialis,  river- 
water.  A.  fontana,  well-  or  spring-water.  A. 
marina,  sea- water.  A.  pluvialis,  rain-water.  See 
also  Mineral  Water.  Aqua  in  pharmacy  also 
designates  various  medicated  waters :  as  A.ammoniae, 
water  of  ammonia  ;  A.  anethi,  dill  water;  A.  chlori, 
chlorin  water;  A.  rosae,  rose  water.  A.  fortis.  See 
Acid,  Nitric.  A.  regia.  See  A.  Nitrohydrochloric. 
A.  tofana,  a  celebrated  secret  poison,  prepared  in  the 
17th  century  at  Palermo  by  a  woman  named  Toffana. 
It  was  probably  arsenical.  A.  Vitae,  Brandy  or 
Spirit,  q.  ?>.  In  anatomy,  A.  labyrinthi,  the  clear 
fluid  existing  in  the  labyrinth  of  the  ear. 

Aquaecapsulitis  [a-kwe-kap-su-W '-tis)  [aqua,  water ; 
capsula,  a  capsule ;  trig,  inflammation].      Serous  iritis. 

Aquaeductus  [a-kwe-duk'  -tus).     See  Aqueduct. 

Aquamalarial  Fever  [a-kwa-mal-af-re-aT).  Synonym 
of  Malarial  Fever.      See  Fever. 

Aquapuncture  iak-wah-pungk' '-chur)  [aqua,  water; 
punctura,  a  puncture].  Counter-irritation  by  means 
of  a  very  fine  jet  of  water  impinging  upon  the  skin  ; 
useful  in  neuralgia  and  other  nerve  disorders. 

Aquatic  (a-kivat'-ik)  [aqua,  water].  Pertaining  to 
water.      A.  Cancer.      Synonym  of  Cancrum 

Aqueduct,  or    Aqueductus    [ak'-we-dukt,  or    a 


duk'-tus)   [aqua, water ;   ductus,  a  leading].      Used  of 
ducts    or  canals     in  various  parts  of   the  body.     A. 
cerebri,  the  infundibulum.     A.  cochleae,  aquedui 
the  cochlea.    A.  of  Cotunnius,  the   aqueduct  of   the 
vestibule,  extending   from  the  utricle  to  the  posterior 
will  of   the  pyramid  in   the  brain.     A.  Fallopii.  the 
canal  of  the  portio  dura  in  tin-  petrous  portion  ol 
temporal  bom-.     A.   Sylvii,  the  aqueduct  of    Sylvius 
from  the   third  to  the  fourth  ventricle,  the    iter  a  / 
ad quartum   ventriculum.     A.  vestibuli,  aquedui 
the  vestibule  of  the  ear. 

Aqueous  [a'-kwe-us)  [aqua,  water].  Referring  to 
water;  watery.  A.  Chamber  of  the  Eye,  the 
space  between  the  cornea  and  the  lens  ;  the  iris 
divides  it  into  an  anterior  and  a  posterior  chamber. 
A.  Extract,  a  solid  preparation  of  a  drug  made  by 
evaporation  of  its  aqueous  solution.  A.  Humor,  the 
fluid  tilling  tin-  anterior  chamber  of  the  eye. 

Aquiducous  [a-kwe-dur-kus]  [aquiducus  ;  aqua,  \\. 
ducere,  to  lead].      Hydragogue. 

Aquilaria  [a-kwil-a' '-re-ak)  [L.].  A  genus  of  trees. 
A.  agallocha,  a  tree  oi  9  I  .  Asia  producing  the 
true  aloes-wood,  or  eagle-wood,  valued  in  perfumery, 
but  no  longer  employed  in  regular  pharmacy  or  prac- 
tice. A.  ovata  and  A.  secundaria  also  furnish 
varieties  of  aloes-wood.     L'nof. 

Aquilegia  (ah-wit-e'-je-ah)  [E.].  A  genus  of  ranun- 
culaceous  plants  of  many  species.  A.  vulgaris  has 
active  medicinal  qualities  ;  but  none  of  the  species  are 
now  much  used  in  regular  practice. 

Aquiparous  [a-kwip* '-ar-us\  [aqua,  water;  pa  re  re,  to 
bring  forth].  Producing  water,  or  affording  watery 
secretions;  said  of  glands,  as  the  lachrymal  and 
parotid. 

Aquocapsulitis     [a-kwo-kap-su-W '-tis)     [aqua,    water; 
a/a,  a  small  box].      Serous  iritis,  q.  v. 

Aquosity  (a- kotos' -it-e)  [aquositas,  watery].  The  state 
or  condition  of  being  watery. 

Aquula  [ak-wu'-laK)  [L.].  A  small  aqueous  collec- 
tion.    A.  cotunnii,  the  perilymph,  q.  r. 

Arabic  [arf-ab-ik\  [Apa(3iic6g,  Arabic].  Of  or  pertain- 
ing to  Arabia.  A.  Acid.  See  Arabin.  A.  Gum. 
See  Acacia. 

Arabin     {ar'-ab-in)    [ApaflucSg,    Arabic],     M.\I1. 

-f-  H,0.  Arabic  Acid.  A  transparent,  glassy,  amor- 
phous mass,  an  exudate  from  many  plants,  making  a 
clear  solution  in  water.  It  is  the  principal  constituent 
of  gum  arabic.      See  Carbohydrates,  Tab! 

Arabinose  [ar' -ab-in-os)  ['Apa  .   Vrabic],  C5H10O5. 

One  of  the  glucoses.      Made  from  gum  arabic  on  1 
ing    with    dilute    H2S04.      It    crystallizes    in    shining 
prisms  that  melt  at  1000  ;   is   slightly  soluble   in   c<>M 
water,  has   a   sweet  taste,  and   reduces  Fehling's  .-.olu- 
tion,  but  is  not  fermented  by  yea^t.      See  Carbohydr 
Table  of. 

Arabis  (ar'-ab-is)  ['ApaS/Knr,  Arabic].  A  genus  of 
cruciferous  herbs  ;  rock  cresses,  or  wall  cresses.  A. 
chinensis,  of  Asia,  and  A.  sagittata  and  A.  tha- 
liana,  of  Europe,  are  stimulant  and  -tomachic.  The 
seeds  of  some  species  yield  an  oil  much  like  that  of 
rape-seed.     Unof. 

Arabite  (ar'-ab-it\  ['Apafiiicdg,  Arabic],  C-H,,0-.  A 
substance  formed  from  arabinose  by  the  action  of 
sodium  amalgam.  It  crystallizes  from  hot  alcohol 
in  shining  needles,  melting  at  1020.  It  has  a  sweet 
taste,  but  does  not  reduce  Fehling's  solution. 

Arabonic  Acid  [ar-ab-on*  -        hid. 

Arachis  (ar'-ak-is)  [apaxog,  a  leguminous  plant].  A 
genus  of  leguminous  plants.  A.  hypogaea.  See 
Growiil  Nut. 

Arachnidium  [ar-ak-nid'-e-urn)  [apaxyfl,  a  spider]. 
In  biology,  the  secreting  spinning  apparatus  of  spider.^. 


ARACHN1  1  IS 


106 


ARCHEBIOSIS 


consisting  of  live  kinds  of  glands,  over  one  thousand 
in  all,  producing  a  secretion  insoluble  in  water  and 
with  a  nitrogenous  ba-i>,  forming  the  fine,  silky  threads 
of  the  v. 

Arachnitis  at  ak  n  '-/  [  ■■  ;  .  a  spider's  web;  rriq, 
inflammation].  Inflammation  fi  the  arachnoid  mem- 
brane of  the  brain. 

Arachnoid   (ar-  a    spider's    web; 

.  1  tih].  Resembling  a  web.  A.  Cavity,  the 
space  between  the  arachnoid  membrane  and  the  dura 
mater.  A.  Membrane,  the  delicate  serous  membrane 
of  the  brain  and  cord  between  the  dura  and  pia  mater. 
Sub-arachnoid  fluid.      S  pinal  Fluid. 

Arachnoidal  (ar-ak-n  [apaxytj,  a  spider's  web; 

,  form].      Pertaining  to  the  arachnoid. 

Arachnoiditis  (ar  ak  noid-i'-Hs).      Same  as  Arachnitis. 

Arachno-pia  (ar -  ak' '-  no  -  pi' '-  ak)  \apaxyt],  a  spider's 
web;  ius"].     The  arachnoid  and  the  pia 

considered  together. 

Arachnorrhinitis  (ar-ak-nor-iu-4* -tis)  [apa\i/j,  spider; 
.  nose  ;  inc.  inflammation] .  A  disease  of  the  nasal 
-ages  supposed  to  be  due  to  the  presence  of  a  spider. 

Arachnotitis    (ar-ah-no-ti'-tis)    [ap&xvq,    spider; 

;    itic,   inflammation].      Inflammation  said  to  be 
caused  by  a  spider  in  the  auditory  canal. 

Arack  (ar'-ak)  [/W.  ].  A  spirituous  liquor  distilled 
from  rice,  dates,  palm-sap,  or  cocoanut  juice,  used  in 
Asia,  etc. 

Araeometer  (ar-e-om'-et-er).     See  Areometer. 

Araeotic  (ar-e-of-ik).     See  Areotic. 

Aralia  (ar-at '-le-ak)  [I-].  A  genus  of  plants,  order 
Araliaceae,  embracing  several  species,  having  aromatic, 
diaphoretic,  and  resolvent  properties.  Ginseng,  wild 
sarsaparilla,  petty  morrel,  and  other  plants  esteemed  in 
popular  medicine  belong  here;  few  have  active  quali- 
ties of  high  value  in  any  disease.      Unof. 

Aran-Duchenne's  Disease.     See  Diseases,  Table  of. 

Araneae  Tela  (ar-a'-ne-e  te'-lah).     See  Cobweb. 

Araneous  (ar-a* -ne-us)  [aranea,  a  spider's  web].  Full 
of  webs;  resembling  a  cobweb.  A.  Membrane, 
the  arachnoid. 

Arantius,   Bodies  of.       See  Corpora.      A.,   Canal  of. 

Canal.     A.,  Duct  of.     See  Duct.     A.,  Nodules 

of.     See  Arantius,  Bodies  of.      A.,  Valves  of.     See 

Valvula  arantii.    A.,  Ventricle  of,  a  small  cul  de-sac 

in  the  medulla  oblongata. 

Arar  (a/-rar)  [Uarbary].  The  tree  Callitris  quadri- 
valvis  of  N.  W.  Africa.      It  produces  sandarac. 

Araroba   (ar-ar-o,-bah)    [Brazil].      6  der.      An 

oxidation  product  of  resin  found  deposited  in  the  wood 
of  the  trunk  of  the  A.  andira  of  Brazil.  Its  active 
principle  is  Chrysarobin  or  Chrysophanic  acid,  q.v. 
It  is  largely  used  in  skin  affections. 

Arasa  (ar-a'-sak)  [S.  Am.].  The  root  of  a  plant 
native  to  l!razil  and  Uruguay.  The  active  principle  of 
the  drug  is  found   in  the  tuberosities  o!   th  spe- 

cially in  the  bark,  which  is  quite  thick.  In  taste  a 
decoction  of  the  drug  resembles  that  of  cascarilla.  It 
i-  an  excellent  remedy  in  metrorrhagia,  acting  where 
hydrastis  is  ineffectual.  No  unpleasant  secondary 
cts  have  been  noted.      Unof. 

Arbor  (ar'-bor)  [I..].  A  name  for  the  arbor  vita  of  the 
cerebellum.  A.  Vitae,  a  term  applied  to  the  arbores- 
cent appearance  of  a  section  of  the  cerebellum,  and 
also  to  a  similar  appearance  of  the  folds  of  the  interior 
of  the  cervix  uteri.      See   Thuja. 

Arborization    iar-bor-iz-a' 'shun  \    [arbor,    a   tree].       A 
form  of  nerve   termination   in   which   the   nerve  fibers 
brought    into    contact    with    the    muscle    liber    by 
■  ns  of  an  expansion. 

Arbuscula  (ar-bus/-ku-lak)  [L.].  A  small  shrub  hav- 
ing the  appearance  of  a  diminutive  tree. 


Arbutin  (ar'-bu-tin)  [arbutus,  the  wild  strawberry  tree], 
<.'iJI|,,(  >..  A  bitter  glucosid  obtained  from  /  va  ursi, 
orbearberry.  It  is  neutral,  crystalline,  and  resolvable 
into  glucose  and  nydroquinon.  Arbutin  is  an  efficient 
diuretic.      Dosegr.  xv— xxx.     Sec  Uvaursi. 

Arbutus  (ar  bu'-tu>)  [L.].  A  genus  of  ericaceous 
shrub-  and  trees.  A.  menziesii,  tin-  madrono  of 
California,  has  an  astringent  bark,  useful  in  diarrheas. 
Unof.  A.  unedo,  tin-  European  arbute,  is  astringent 
and  narcotic.      A.,  Trailing.      See  Epigteo. 

A.TC(ark)  [arc us,  a  bow].  In  craniometry,  a  measure- 
ment taken  on  tin-  outside  of  the  skull,  following  its 
curves.  A.,  Binauricular,  a  measurement  from  the 
centerof  one  auditory  meatus  to  tin-  other,  directly  up- 
ward across  the  top  of  the  head.  A.,  Bregmato- 
lambdoid,  a  measurement  along  the  sagittal  suture. 
A.,  Naso-bregmatic,  from  the  root  of  the  nose  to  the 
bregma.  A.,  Naso-occipital,  measurenu  nt  from  the 
root  of  the  nose  to  the  lowest  occipital  protuberance. 

Arcanum  (ar-kaf-nutn)  [arcanum,  a  secret].  A  medi- 
cine whose  composition  is  kept  secret. 

Arcate  (ar'-hat)  [arca/us,  bow-shaped].  Bow-shaped; 
curved  ;   arcuate. 

Arch  (arch)  [anus,  a  bow].  A  term  applied  to  the 
curved  shape  of  several  various  parts  of  the  body.  A. 
of  Aorta.  See  Aorta.  A.,  Branchial,  the  cartilagin- 
ous arches  that  support  the  gills  (branchiae)  of  fishes. 
In  the  human  fetus  they  are  also  present.  See  Cleft. 
A.  of  Colon.  See  Colon.  A.  of  Corti,  the  art  h  that 
the  pillars  of  the  organ  of  Corti  make  over  the  basilar 
membrane  of  the  cochlea.  A  ,  Crural.  See  Pou~ 
part's  Ligament.  A.  of  Fallopius,  a  name  for  the 
arch  formed  by  I'oupart's  ligament.  A.  Femoral, 
*a.me  &s  A  .Crural.  A.,  Palmar,  the  arch  formed  by  the 
radial  artery  in  crossing  the  bones  of  the  metacarpus. 
A.,  Plantar,  the  arch  made  by  the  external  plantar 
artery.  A.,  Post-oral,  arches  in  the  fetus,  five  in  num- 
ber, that  develop  into  the  lower  jaw  and  throat.  See 
A.,  Branchial.  A.  of  Pubes,  that  part  of  the  pelvis 
formed  by  the  convergence  of  the  rami  of  the  ischia 
and  pubes  on  each  side.  A.,  Supra-orbital,  the  curved 
and  prominent  margin  of  the  frontal  bone  beneath  the 
superciliary  ridge,  that  forms  the  upper  boundary  of 
the  orbit.  A.  of  a  Vertebra,  the  part  of  a  vertebra 
formed  of  two  pedicles  and  two  laminae  and  enclosing 
the  spinal  foramen.  A.,  Zygomatic,  the  arch  formed 
by  the  malar  and  temporal  bones. 

Archaeocyte  (ar^-ke-o-sit)  [apxcuoc-,  ancient;  uimq,  a 
hollow  (a  cell)].  In  biology,  one  of  the  irregular 
ameboid  cells — mesameboids — imbedded  in  a  \v\\\  like 
matrix  and  occurring  between  the  two  primitive  epi- 
thelia  of  the  body,  in  the  I'orifera. 

Archaeostoma,  Archaeostome  (ar-ke-os'-to-mak,  ar'- 
ke-o-stdni).     See  Archistonte. 

Archaeus  (ar-kc'  us)  [apxaiag,  ancient].  In  spagiric 
medicine,  the  invisible  counterpart  of  the  visible  body  ; 
si  ilar  heat  as  a  source  oi   life. 

Archamceba  (ark-am-e' '-bah)   \apxfl>  primitive;  aft, 
change].      Haeckel's   hypothetical    progenitor   of   all 
amebic  and  of  all  higher  forms  oi   life. 

Archamphiaster,  or  Archiamphiaster  (ark-am-fe-as/- 
tcr,  or  ar  he  am  /,    as'-tcr)  [«'/'. I'm   hist  ;    an,,,,  anmnd  ; 

aarfjp, star].     In  biology,  those  amphiasters  concerned 
in  the  production  oi   the  polar  globuli  s. 

Archangelica  (ark-an-jel'-ik-ah)  [apxayyeXucSs,  arch- 
angel]. A  genus  of  umbelliferous  plants;  ./.  abropur- 
put  nalis ,  and    ativa  afford  Angelica  Root,  </.'•■ 

Archebiology  (ar-ke-bi-ol' -o-je)  [''/'<('/•  beginning; 
life  :   '/ii-.ur,  discourse].     The  study  of  the  simplest  or 
:  primitive  forms  or  beginnings  ot  life. 

Archebiosis    (ar-ke-,  \"-'\;-    the     beginning; 

jiiuac,  life],      din    theoretical  origin    of  living  organ- 


ARCHKC  l'KiMA 


107 


ARCHOSYRINX 


isms  from  non-living  matter.     See   Generation,  S^ 
taneous ;  Biogenesis,  and  Abiogenesis. 
Archecptoma  {ark-ek-to' '-maA)    [dp;f  dc,  anus ;   ex,  out; 

■xrijfia,  a  falling].     Prolapse  of  the  rectum. 
Archegenesis  {ark-e-jen'-es-is).     The  sami  a     /  ckebi- 

os  is. 
Archegonium    {ark-e-go* '-ne-um)    \p\pxfl,    first;    ydvog, 
race].      The  female  reproductive   organ   of  the   higher 
cryptogams. 

Archegony  [ar-kt-g'-o  -«< )  [«<>  i  ,  <'• ,  first  of  a  race]. 
The  doctrine  of  spontaneous  generation. 

Archenteric    {ark-en-ter1 '-ik)    [apxVi  first;  ,  in- 

testine].     Relating  to  the  archenteron. 

Archenteron  {ark-eii'-ter-on)  \apxv,  -i  beginning; 
ivTEpov,  intestine].  In  biology,  the  embryonic  ali- 
mentary cavity.  The  entodermal  sac  of  the  gastrula  ; 
archigaster  ;   ccelenteron. 

Archepyon  (ar-ke-pi' -on)  [dp/c^,  a  beginning;  -or, 
pus].  Pus  that  has  become  caseated,  or  so  thick  that 
it  does  not  flow.     A  term  proposed  by  Roswell  Park. 

Archespore,  Archesporium  [ar'-ke-spor,  -e-um)  [a 
a  beginning  ;   anopd,    a   seed].      In   biology,  the  cells 
that  give  rise  to  the  lining    of  the  anther-cell  and   to 
the  mother-cells  of  the  pollen. 

Archesthetism  [ark-es'  -thet-izm)  \}ipx'l,  first ;  alaOdve- 
otiai,  to  perceive].  The  doctrine  that  animal  move- 
ments are  primitively  determined  by  sensibility  or 
consciousness. 

Archet  [ar-chef  or  ar-sha')  [Fr.].  A  bow  formerly  used 
to  operate  the  drill  in  lithotrity. 

Archetype  (ar'-ke-tlp)  \_apx'j,  a  beginning ;  rv—og,  a 
type].  In  comparative  anatomy,  an  ideal  type  or  form 
with  which  the  individuals  or  classes  may  be  compared. 
A  standard  type. 

Archhydra  [ark-Ai' '-draA)  \apxVy  first;  iidup,  water]. 
A  primitive  polyp. 

Archiater  {tir-ke-a'-ter)  [dp^jcrrpdc,  a  chief  physician]. 
The  head  physician  in  a  court,  as  in  that  of  Russia. 

Archiblast  \arf-ke-blast)  \apXV,  first;  .i'/aaroq,  germ]. 
In  embryology,  the  granular  areola  surrounding  the 
germinal  vesicle.  It  is  composed  of  three  layers,  the 
outer,  or  epiblast,  from  which  the  skin  and  its  adnexa, 
the  nervous  system,  and  the  terminal  portions  of  the 
alimentary  canal  are  formed  ;  the  middle,  or  mcsoblast, 
from  which  the  epithelium  of  the  genito-urinary 
organs  and  the  smooth  and  striated  muscle-tissue  is 
derived  ;  and  the  inner,  or  hypoblast,  for  the  develop- 
ment of  the  epithelium  of  the  respiratory  tract  and  of 
the  alimentary  canal. 

Archiblastic  {ar-he-blas'-tik)  [apxfy,  f"rst  '■>  ($%aoT6g, 
germ].  Derived  or  supposed  to  be  derived  from 
the  archiblast.  The  parenchymatous  elements  are 
regarded  as  archiblastic. 

Archiblastoma  [ar-ke-blas-to' -maA)  \apxn,  first;  fi'/an- 
rog,  germ;  dfia,  a  tumor:  pi. ,  Archiblastomata~\. 
Any  tumor  composed  of  archiblastic  or  parenchyma- 
tous elements,  such  as  myoma,  neuroma,  papilloma, 
epithelioma,  adenoma,  carcinoma,  etc. 

Archiblastula  (ar-ke-blas' ' -tu-laA)\ap  \/t.  first ;  Shaardg, 
a  germ  or  bud].  In  embryology,  a  ciliated,  vesicular 
morula,  resulting  from  complete  and  regular  yelk- 
division  and  by  invagination  forming  the  archigastrula. 

Archicercal  [ar-ke-ser'-kal )  [apxq,  chief ;  tcipog,  tail]. 
In  biology,  having  the  tail  primitive,  without  tin-folds. 

Archicharp  (ar^-ke-karp)  \apxv,  first;  Kapirdg,  fruit]. 
See  Ascogonium. 

Archicytula  [ar-ke-sit' '-u-lah)  [apxv,  a  beginning; 
tcurog,  a  cell].  A  fertilized  egg  cell  in  which  the 
nucleus  is  discernible. 

Archigaster  {ar-ke-gas/-ter)  \apx^,  first ;  yatrriip,  belly]. 
The  primitive,  perfectly  simple  intestine  ;    archenteron. 

Archigastrula   [ar-ke-gas'-tru-lah)   \hpXQ,    beginning; 


yaoTfjp,  belly].      The  gastrula  as  it   i-  observed  in  the 

1 1 1 < . -, t  primitive  types  of  animal  development ;  called  al-o 

bell  gastrula  from  its  shape. 
Archigenesis  [ar-ke-jen'-es-is).     See  Arckebiosis. 
Archil   [<!>■'  kit )    [ME. ,  orckell\      A    coloring    matter 

somewhat  like  litmus,  chiefly  obtained  from  the  lichen, 

Roecella  tinctoria  ;    used  for  staining  animal    tissues. 

Sei  (us  of  Pigments,  under  Pigment. 

Archimonerula     (ar-ke-mon-er* -u-laA)     [apxfit     first; 

UOVTjprjg,   single,  solitary].      In  embryology,  a  special 

name  given   by  Haeckel   to  the  monerula  stage  of  an 

egg  undergoing  primitive  and  total  cleavage. 
Archimorula    iar-k   mor' -u-lah)  [apXf],  first;   popov,  a 

mulberry].      In  embryology,  the  .solid  mass  of  cleavage 

(ells,  or  mulberry  mass,  arising  from  tin-  segmentation 

of  an  archicytula.  and   preceding  the  archiblastula  and 

archigastrula. 
Archinephric  [ar-ke-neff-rik)  [","!',•  first;  .  the 

kidnej  j.      Pertaining  to  the  archinephron. 
Archinephron     [ar-ke-nef  f -ron)     [apxv,     beginning; 

vetypog,    the    kidney].      The    primitive    or    embryonic 

stage  of  the  kidney  or  renal  apparatus. 
Archipin  [ar-kip'-in).     See  CAibou. 
Archipterygium  (ar-kip-tcr-ij' -c-uni)  \apxfl,  first;   frre- 
v,  a  wing].      In  biology,  a  ground  form,  persisting 

in   a  few  cases   only,  and    representing  the   first  and 

lowest  stage  of  the  skeleton  of  the  anterior  extremity 

of  vertebrates. 
Archistome  (ar'-kis-tom)  [up \'/,  first;    rsrnuii.    mouth]. 

The  gastrula  mouth  or  opening  to   the   archenteron ; 

blastoporus. 
Architis  (ar-ki'-t/s)   [dp^dc,  anus].      Proctitis;    inflam- 
mation of  the  anus. 
Architroch    {ar,-ke-trok)    [apxv*  first;  rpo       .a  disk]. 

The  ciliated  band  about  the  mouth  of  a  planula. 
Archocele     (ar^-ko-sel,    or   ar-ko-sc' -Ic)    [  unus ; 

Ki'/A//,  hernia].      Rectal  hernia. 
Archocystocolposyrinx,  or    Archocolpocystosyrinx 

(ar-ko-sis-to-kol-po-sir/-ingks,     or     ar-ko-kol-po-sis-to- 

si7-'-ingks)   \_apx<>c,    anus ;    twang,    bladder ;     k62  ~     . 

vagina;  avpi);.  fistula].      Recto-vesico-va^inal  fistula. 
Archometrum  (ar-ko-mef '-rum)   [dp^dc,  ami- 
measure].      A    device   for  ascertaining   the  caliber  of 

the  anus,  or  for  dilating  its  sphincters. 
Archoptoma  |  ar-kop-tot-mah  \    [dp  \og,  anus  ;  KTapa,  a 

fall].      A  prolapse  of  the  rectum. 
Archoptotic    [ar-kop-tot'-ik)     [apx»<\     anus ;    -ruua,   a 

fall].      Relating  to  archoptoma  or  archoptosis. 
Archoptosis  (ar-kop-to' '-sis)    [apxog,    aim-  ;    irruoig,   a 

falling].      Rectal  prolapse. 
Archorrhagia  {ar-ko-ra? -je-ah)  [apxog,  anus  ;  ,'>/,;  i 

to  break  out].      Rectal  hemorrhage. 
Archorrhagic   {ar-ko  [dp;rdc,  anus  ; 

t<>  break  out].      Relating  to  rectal  hemorrh 
Archorrhea  [ar-ko-re1 '-ah)  [dp^dc,  anus;  ■•  Iv,  to  flow]. 
A  discharge  of  blood  or  of  any  pathologic   fluid  from 

the  anus. 
Archos  (ar'-kos)  [apx'k,  the  anus].     The  anus. 
Archostegnoma    [ar-ko-stes^-no1 '-maA)     [dp^dc,    anus; 

oreyvdeiv,    to    consolidate].     Archostenosis ;    a   rectal 

stricture. 
Archostegnosis     {ar-ko-steg-no,-sis)      [dp^dc,      aim-; 

<ooig,  a  stopping].      A  rectal  stricture. 
Archostegnotic      [ar-ko-ste^-nof -ik)      [dp^fdc,     amis; 
i  stopping].      Relating  to  a  rectal  stricture. 
Archostenosis  {ar-ko-sten-o'  -sis)   [dp^fdc,  anus  ;  or 

narrow].      Stricture  of  the  rectum. 
Archostenotic  1 1/ ■--•.■■  '-ik)  [dp;rdc,  anus; 

narrow].      Relating  to  rectal  stricture. 
Archosyrinx  {ar-ko-sir/-ingks)    [dp^fdc,  anus;  nim-;.  a 

pipe].      I.    A    syringe  for   the   rectum.      2.    Fistula  in 

ano. 


ARCIFORM 


108 


ARG*  N  II  M 


Arciform  [  /    u  .    bow,   arch;     forma, 

form].  Bow-shaped;  especially  used  to  designate 
certain  sets  of  fibers  in  the  oblongata. 

Arctation      xrk-  arc/are,   to  draw 

close  together],      i.   Contraction  or   lessening  of  an 

ning  <>r  of  the   lumen  aal.     ~.   Lnfibulation. 

Arctium  [1.  ]       Burdock.     S< 

Arctostaphylos  See     I    a     ursi 

and    .!/.< 

Arcual  .  ')   [areualis,  arched].     Arched  ;   bent 

or  curved. 

Arcuate  ir'-ku-Ht)  [arcuatio,  a  bowing].  Arched; 
curved  ;  bow-sha 

Arcuation  xr-ku  t'-shun)  [arcttatio,  a  bowing]  Curva- 
ture of  an)  bone,  as  of  the  tibia  or  sternum;  curvature 
of  the  vertebral  column. 

Arcuatus  <  a/-tus)     [arcus,    a    bow].      Bent    or 

curved  in  an  arched  form.  A.  morbus,  a  former 
name  for  jaundii 

Arculus  .'•  '  ku-lu  i  [dim.  of  arcus,  a  bow].  An 
arching  support  lor  bed-clothes. 

Arcus  |  ■     us,  a  bow].      A  bow  or  arch.     A. 

dentalis,  the  dental  arch.  A.  senilis,  in  the  old,  the 
ring  of  fatty  degeneration  of  the  corneal  tissue  about 
the  periphery.     A.  zygomaticus,  the  zygomatic  arch. 

Ardent  f)  [ardere,  ardens,  to  bum] .     Burning; 

fiery  ;  glowing  ;  accompanied  by  a  sensation  of  burn- 
ing. A.  Fever,  heat  fever  or  thermal  fever.  A. 
Spirits,  alcoholic  liquors.     See  Spiritus. 

Ardor  [ar,-dor\  [ardor,  heat].  Violent  heat,  burning; 
applied  to  fevers  and  the  sexual  passion.  A.  urinae, 
burning  pain  in  the  inflamed  urethra  during  micturition. 

Area  I  |  [area,  an  open  space].      Anj  space  with 

boundaries.  A.  celsi.  See  Alopecia  areata.  A's., 
Cohnheim's,  certain  clear-cut  areas  seen  in  a  trans- 
verse section  of  muscle-iiber.  A.,  Crural,  a  space 
at  the  base  of  the  brain  included  between  the  pons 
and  chiasm.  A.  germinativa,  or  embryonic 
the  oval  germinating  spot  of  the  embryo.  A.  opaca, 
the  opaque  circle  about  the  A.  pellucida.  A.  pellu- 
cida,  the  light  central  portion  of  the  A.  germinativa. 
A.,  Postpontile,  the  ventral  aspect  of  the  mesen- 
cephalon. A.  vasculosa,  the  vascularization  of  the 
A. 

Areca  Nut  (ar'-ek-ah).     See  Betel. 

Arecane,  Arekane  [ar,-ek-dn)  [Malay].  An  oily  and 
volatile  basic  substance  obtainable  from  areca  nut  ;  said 
to  be  a  purgative  and  sialagogue,  and  to  slow  the 
pulse.      Unof. 

Arecin    {ar'-es-in)    [Sp.,    areca'],    G,,lI.,r)\T./).     I.    An 
organic    base     isomeric     with    brucin,    derived    from 
cinchona    bark.     2.    A    brown-red    coloring    matter, 
lined  from  areca  nuts;  areca  red. 

Arecolin  ar-e*-k  fin  |[Sp. ,  aret  </],  ( '.H]:.X02.  A  liquid 
alkaloid  isolated  from  the  seeds  of  Areca  catechu.  It 
i-  strongly  alkaline,  very  soluble  in  water,  alcohol, 
ether,  or  <  hloroform,  and  boil-  at  220°  ('.  It  is  a  pow- 
erful ;  ecting  the  heart  similarly  to  muscarin. 
It  has  anthelmintic  properties      Dose  gr.  ,'. •-,',,. 

Arefaction  {ar-e-fak*  hun)  [arefaclio  ;  arefacere,  t" 
make  dry],  i.  Exsiccation  or  desiccation.  Theremoval 
of  the  structural  or  constitutional  water  from  a  .-lib- 
stance.  2.  The  drying  of  drugs  before  powdering 
them.  ;.  Dryness,  as  of  the  -kin.  4.  Withering, 
as  of  a  paralyzed  limb. 

Arena  <  t/-nah)  [arena,  sand] .  1.  Brick-dust  deposit 
from  urine  ;  gravel.     2.  Sabulous  matter ;  brain-sand. 

Arenaceous  •<  naf-se-us)  [arenacem  :  arena,  sand]. 
( )f  the  naturi  1  or  gravel  ;  sabulous. 

Arenation  (ar-e-na/ -shun)  [arena,  sand],  Asand-bath. 
The  application  of  hot  sand  to  a  limb  or  part  of  the 
body.     See  Ammotherapy. 


Areola  [ar-e*  o-lah)  [dun.  of  area,  an  open  space:^/., 
Areola!.  1.  The  brownish  space  surrounding  the 
nipple  of  the  female  breast.  This  i-  sometimes  called 
Areola  papillaris.  \  ondary  areola,  surrounding 
this,  occurs  during  pregnancy.  The  pigmentation 
about  the  umbilicus  is  called  tin-  umbilical  areola.  2. 
Any  interstice  or  minute  -pace  in  a  tissue. 

Areolar  [ar-e^-o-lar)  [areola,  dim.  of  area,  an  open 
space].  Relating  to  or  characterized  by  areolse.  A. 
Tissue,  cellular  tissue;   connective  tissue. 

Areolate,  or  Areolated  {ar-e1 '-o-lot,  or  ar-e^-o-la-ted) 
[areola,  dim.  of  area,  an  open  space].  Marked  or 
characterized  by  arei 

Areometer  [ar-e-om'  |  .  thin,  light  ;  ftirpov, 

a  measure].  An  instrument  for  estimating  the  specific 
gravity  or  strength  of  liquids,  especially  alcoholic 
liquids. 

Areometry  [ar-e-om' -et-re)  [apai6e,  thin,  light;  ukrpav, 
a  measure].  The  use  of  the  areometer  ;  estimation  of 
the  specilic  gravity  of  lluids. 

Areotic  [ar-e-of '-ik)  [apaide,  thin],  1.  Attenuant  ; 
thinning  the  humors  ;  increasing  perspiration.  2.  An 
attenuant  remedy. 

Arethusa  [ar-eth  u'-sah)  ['Ap&Oowra,  a  fountain].  A 
genus  of  orchidaceous  plants.  A.  bulbosa,  of  North 
America,  ha-  root  tubes  that  are  popularly  used  as 
a  material  for  poultices,  and  are  said  to  form  a  useful 
application  for  toothache.     Unof. 

Arevareva  (ar-a-var-af -vah)  [Tahitian],  A  scaly 
skin-disease  said  to  be  caused  by  the  habitual  use  of 
the  drug  A'ava,  a.  v.  It  is  accompanied  by  eye-disease, 
with  dimness  of  vision. 

Argal  [ar'-gat).     See  Argol. 

Argamblyopia  [ar-gam-ble-o* '-pe-ah)  [dpydc,  idle,  dis- 
used ;  iiu  i/i'i.iT/ii,  dim-sightednessj.  Amblyopia  due 
to  disuse  of  the  eye. 

Argamblyopic  [ar-gam-ble-op' -ik)  [npySc,  idle ; 
apfi'/  i'(.,-i a,  dim-sightedness].  Affected  with  argam- 
blyopia. 

Argand-lamp.     A  form  of  lamp  with  a  tubular  wick. 

Argan-oil  [ar1 '-gan-oil)  [Arab.,  arg&n\.  An  oil 
derived  from  the  seeds  contained  in  the  fruit  of  the 
argan-tree.      It  is  a  good  substitute  for  olive-oil. 

Argan-tree  [arf -gan-tre)  [Arab.,  argan\.  The 
Argania  nderoxylon,  an  evergreen  tree  of  the  N.  W. 
of  Africa,  order  Sap  it  yields  a  useful  oil. 

Argel  [ar^-gel)  [Syrian].  A  plant,  Solenostemma 
argel,  of  the  eastern  Mediterranean  region;  also  its 
leaves,  which  are  used  to  adulterate  senna;  also  the 
Go»iphocarpus  fruticosus,  of  Africa,  whose  leaves  are 
similarly  employed.      Unof. 

Argema  [ar*  -  jem-ah)  [ap]  efia,  an  ulcer ://. ,  Argemata~\, 
A  white  ulcer  of  the  margin  of  the  cornea,  following 
phlyctenula. 

Argemone  [ar-jem-of-ne)  [apyepov,  an  ulcer].  A  genus 
of  plants.  A.  mexicana,  the  horned  or  prickly 
poppy,  a  plant  native  to  North  America.  It  is  said  to 
have  hypnotic  qualities,  and  its  seeds  afford  a  purga- 
tive oil.      Unof. 

Argentation  [ar'-jen-taf -shun)  [argentum,  silver]. 
Staining  with  a  preparation  of  silver. 

Argentic  iar-jen' -tik)  [argentum,  silver].  Pertaining 
to,  or  of  the  nature  of  silver.  Containing  silver  a-  a 
univalent  radical. 

Argentine  [ar,-jen-tin)  [argentum,  silver].  Contain- 
ing or  resembling  silver. 

Argentum  [ar-jenf -turn)  [L. :  '      nti\     Silver. 

Ag       108;   quantivalence,  I.   A  malleable  and  ductile 
metal  of  brilliant  white  luster.     It  tarnishes  only  in  the 
presence  of  free  sulphur,  sulphur  gases,  and  phosphorus 
It  is  an  excellent  substance  1 01  vessels  used  in  pharm 
and   for  sutures  used  in  surgery.     The  following  salts 


ARGIAMBLY<  »I'IA 


109 


ARMY    ITCH 


are  used:  A.  cyanidum,  AgCN,used  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  hydrocyanic  acid.  A.  iodidum,  Agl,  some- 
times used  internally  instead  of  A.  nitras.  I 
gr.  5^-j.  A.  nitras,  AgNOs>  "  nitrate  of  silver," 
argentic  nitrate,  "  lunar  caustic, "  a  powerful  astringent 
and  an  escharotic  of  moderate  strength.  It  -tains 
skin  and  other  tissues  black  when  applied  in  strength. 
In  small  doses  it  stimulates  the  heart  and  n 
If  too  long  continued,  it  leaves  a  slate  colored,  insolu- 
ble deposit  of  silver  under  the  skin  [Argyria).  Dose 
gr.  '(,-'..  A.  nitras  dilutus, the  mitigated  caustic  or 
dilute  stick  is  fused  with  an  equ  il  weight  of  potassium 
nitrate.  A.  nitras  fusus,  "stick  caustic."  '  on- 
tains  four  percent,  of  silver  chlorid.  It  i.-  used  locally. 
A.  oxidum,  Ag20,  explosive  when  treated  with  am- 
monia. Dose  gr.  '2  ij-  A.  vivum,  an  old  name  for 
mercury  or  quicksilver. 

Argiamblyopia  {ar-ge-am-ble-or -pe-ah)  \apyia,  disuse; 
<///,•>'/ rt.izia.  dim  sightedness].     See  Argamblyopia. 

Argilla  {ar-jil '-alt)  [dpytAAoc,  potter's  clay].  White 
or  potter's  clay,  alumina.      See  Bole. 

Argol  (ar^-gol)  \apy6q,  white].  The  impure  tartar 
derived  from  wine.      See  Tartar. 

Argyll-Robertson  Pupil.  See  Signs  and  Symptoms, 
Table  of,  and  Pupil. 

Argyll-Robertson's  Operation.  See  Operations, 
Table  of. 

Argyria  [ar-jirf -e-ak)  [argentum,  silver].  A  form  of 
chloasma  or  discoloration  of  the  skin  and  mucous 
membranes  produced  by  the  prolonged  administration 
of  nitrate  of  silver,  the  molecules  of  silver  being  de- 
posited in  much  the  same  position  as  those  of  the 
natural  pigment  of  the  skin.  It  may  be  general,  from 
internal  administration,  or  local,  from  its  local  applica- 
tion. 

Argyriasis  (ar-jir-i  '-as-is).     See  Argytia. 

Argyrosis  [ar-jir-o' -sis) .     Same  as  Argyria,  q.v. 

Arhinia  [ak-rin' '-e-aK)  [a  priv.  ;  p\q,  nose].  Congen- 
ital absence  of  the  nose. 

Arhythmia  [ar-ith'-me-ah).      See  Arrhythmia. 

Aricin  [ar'-is-iri)  [Arica,  ia  Peru],  C23H26N204.  An 
alkaloid  obtained  from  several  varieties  of  cinchona 
bark. 

Ariditas  (ar-i/'-it-as)  [L.,  " dryness"].  A  dried  or 
withered  condition  of  any  part  or  organ. 

Aridura  (ar-id-u'-rah)  [L.].  Dryness;  a  drying  up, 
withering,  or  wasting  of  a  part,  or  of  the  organism  as 
a  whi  »le. 

Aril,  or  Arillus  {ar'-il,  or  arf-il-us)  \aridus,  dry].  In 
biology,  the  accessory  coat  of  certain  seeds,  growing 
from  the  funiculus,  hilum,  or  placenta,  as  the  mace  of 
nutmegs. 

Arisema  [ar-is-et-mah)  [apov,  arum ;  of/un,  a  sign]. 
A  genus  of  araceous  herbs.  A.  atrorubens,  the  wild 
or  Indian  turnip,  or  Jack-in-the-1'ulpit  of  Eastern  X. 
America.  Its  corm  is  strongly  stimulant  and  acrid, 
with  emetic,  expectorant,  and  sternutatory  qualities. 
Other  species  have  similar  properties.      Uhof. 

Arista  [ar-is'-tah)  [I..].  In  biology,  the  awn  or  beard 
of  certain  flower- or  animals. 

Aristate  (ar-is'-tat)  [arista,  the  awn  or  beard  of  grain]. 
In  biology,  awned.     Tipped  with  a  bristle. 

Aristol  [arf-is-tol\  \_apiaroc,  best;  oleum,  oil],  (CgH2- 
CH3OI.C3H7)2.  Annidalin;  Dithymol-iodid.  An 
iodin  compound  used  a-  a  substitute  for  iodoform  as  an 
antiseptic  dressing.  It  has  the  advantage  of  being 
odorless,  and  is  used  either  in  the  powder  form  or  as 
a  five  to  ten  per  cent,  ointment  with  vaselin  or  lanolin. 

Aristolochia  [ar-is-to-lo' -ke-ah)  \apiat 

the  lochia].  A  genus  of  exogenous  herbs,  many 
species  of  which  have  active  medicinal  qualities.  A. 
clematitis,  of  Europe, has  been  used  as  a  tonic.  stimu- 


lant,  and  diaphoretic.     A.  cymbifera,  of  S.  America, 
furnishes  a  part  of  the  <lrug  called  Guaco   [a.  v.),  and 
i-  a  good  tonic  and  stimulant.     A.   serpentaria 
Serpentaria)  is  at  present  mire  used  in  medicine  than 
any  other  species. 

Aristolochic  [ar-is-to-lo' '-kik)  [apurrog,  best  ;  /"(.  "',  the 
lochia],  i.  Having  the  property  of  expelling  the 
placenta,  or  of  exciting  or  promoting  the  lochial  dis- 
charge.  2.  A  medicine  used  for  expelling  the  -ecun- 
dinesor  for  exciting  the  lochial  flow. 

Aristolochin    [ar-isto-lo/-kin)    [apurrog,   best;    /■■ 
the    lochia].      A    bitter    principle    found    in    Virginia 
snake-root.     See  Serpentaria. 

Aristotle's  Experiment.  The  double  feeling  experi- 
ence! by  the  fingers  when  a  single  pebble  is  placed 
between  the  crossed  fingers  of  one  hand. 

Aristulate  [ar-is'-tu-ldt)  [aristula,  dim.  of  Arista,  awn 
or  beard  of  grain].      In  biology,  having  a  short  awn. 

Arithmomania  (ar-itA-mo-ma'-ne-aA)  [apidpog,  a  Dum- 
ber; uavia,  madness].  An  insane  anxiety  with 
regard  to  the  number  of  things  that  fall  under 
the  observation.  Sometimes  it  i  onsists  in  constant 
or  uncalled-for  counting,  either  of  objects  or  in  mere 
repeating  of  consecutive  numbers. 

Arlt-Jaesche's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Arlt's  Ointment.      An  ointment  containing  grs.  viis 
belladonna  to  %)%  of  blue  ointment,  for  use  in  bleph- 
arospasm. 

Arlt's  Operation.      See  Operations.   7 

Arm  i  arm)  [armare,  to  arm].  I.  That  part  of  the  upper 
extremity  from  the  shoulder  to  the  wrist.  2.  That  por- 
tion of  the  stand  connecting  the  body  or  tube  of  a 
microscope  to  the  pillar. 

Armadillo  lar-ma-dil' '-o)  [Sp.,dim.  of  armado,  armed]. 
A  trade-name  for  a  proprietary  arrangement  of  pi.. 
straps,    and    buckles    worn    upon    the    person    fir    its 
alleged  electric  effects. 

Armamentarium  [ar-ma-men-ta' '-re-um)  [I...  an 
arsenal].  The  outfit  of  medicines  or  in-truments  of 
the  physician  or  surgeon. 

Armarium  [ar-ma' -re-urn)  [L.].    See  Armamentarium. 

Armature   lar* -mat-chur)    \armatura,  equipment].      A 
mass  of  soft  iron  at  the  extremity  of  a  magnet. 
the  core  of  iron  around  which  coils  of  insulated  wire 
are  wound  or  disposed. 

Arma  urticaria  [ar/-mah  er-tik-a' -re-ah)  [I..].  The 
urticating  weapons  of  Ccelentera: 

Arm-chair,  Charcot's.     See  Shaking  Cure. 

Armed  Tape-worm.     See   Tenia  solium. 

Armenian  (<ir-  me/-nt  ■-,;>!  \  [Armenia].  Of  or  belonging 
to  Armenia.  A.  Blue.  Same  a-  Ultramarine.  A. 
Bole,  a  reddish,  unctuous  earth  or  clay  formerly 
much  used  in  medicine,  now  used  in  tooth-powders 
and  in  veterinary  practice.  It  is  absorbent  and 
astringent. 

Armilla  (ar-mil'-ah)  \armilla,  a  bracelet, ring].  I.  In 
biology,  the  annular  ligament  of  the  wrist ;  a  colored 
ring  on  the  tibia  of  a  bird  or  the  plaited  frill  on  the 
stipe  of  certain  mushroom-.  2.  The  Gasserian  gang- 
lion. 

Armpit  yarm' -pit'  \armus,  shoulder ;  puteus,&  well]. 
The  axilla. 

Armus  iar'-mus)    \armu  .  :t!der~\.     The 

arm,  or  the  arm  and  shoulder. 

Army  Itch  [ar* '-me  itch).  A  distressing  chronic  form 
of  itch  prevalent  in  the  United  States  at  the  close  of 
the  civil  war.  The  itching  wa-  intense.  The  erup- 
tion was  seen  especially  on  the  arm-,  forearms,  chest, 
abdomen,  and  lower  extremities,  particularly  on  the 
ulnar  side  of  the  forearm  and  inner  aspect  of  the 
thigh.  It  resembled  prurigo  associated  with  vesicles, 
pustules,  and  eczema. 


ARNANDON  i.Kl  1  N 


110 


ARSENICAL 


Arnandon  Green.       Same  as  Mitt '/•■/■' s  Green, 
Arnatto  (ar-naf-o).    See  Annotto. 

Arnica  (ar'-nih-ah)  [L,.:gen.,  Arnica].  A  gennsof com- 
posite-flowered   plants.     The  name    in  medicine   de 

note-  the  plant  commonly  known  as  "  Leopard's 
bane,"  A.  montana.  Both  (lowers  and  roots  arc  used 
in  medicine.  Its  properties  arc  probably  due  to  an 
alkaloid,  trimethylamin ,  «  ll,\  In  small  doses  it  i- 
a  cardiac  stimulant  ;  in  larger  doses  a  depressant.  In 
toxu  doses  it  frequently  causes  death.  It  is  a  popular 
remedy,  when  locally  applied,  For  sprains,  bruises  and 
surface  wound-,  and  i>  valuable  also  in  typhus  and 
typhoid  fevers  as  an  antipyretic.  A.,  Emplastrum, 
contain-  ext.  ^\  root  33,  resin  plaster  "7  part-.  A., 
Ext.  Radicis.  Dose  gr.  j-iij.  A.,  Ext.  Rad.  Fid. 
Dose  n\,v-xx.  A.,  Infusum,  20  parts  (lowers,  100 
parts  water.  Superior  to  the  tincture  for  local  use.  A., 
Tinct.,  20percent.  Dose  tr^v— xxx.  A.,  Tinct.  Rad., 
10  per  cent.  1  (ose  tT^v— xxx.  Trimethylamin,  (unof.). 
Dose  gr.  ij-iij  in  syrup.  Arnicae  flores,  arnica  flow- 
ers.     Arnicae  radix,  the  root  of  arnica. 

Arnicin  1  ir'-nis-in)  [arnica],  C20H30O4.  A  brownish, 
bitter  glucosid  extracted  from  the  (lowers  of  Arnica 
montana. 

Arnold's  Convolution.  See  Convolutions,  Tabic  of. 
A.  Fold,  valvula  lachrymalis  superior,  a  fold  of  the 
mucous  membrane  seen  in  the  lachrymal  sac.  A. 
Ganglion.  See  Ganglia,  Table  of.  A.  Nerve.  See 
Nerves,  Table  of .     A.  Plexus.     See  Plexus. 

Arnott's    Method.     See     Treatment,  Methods  of.     A. 
Mixture.     See    Frigorific  Mixture.     A.  Ventilator. 
/  entilation. 

Aroma  (ar-c/-mah)  [apuua,  spice].  The  volatile  fra 
grant  or  odorous  emanation  of  certain  vegetable  sub 
stances. 

Aromatic  (ar-o-mat' -ik)  [apuua,  spice].  I.  Having  a 
,-picy  odor.  2.  A  substance  characterized  by  a  bag- 
rant,  spicy  taste  and  odor,  as  cinnamon,  ginger,  the  es- 
sential  oils,  etc.  A  stimulant  to  the  gastro-intestinal 
mucous  membrane.  3.  A  qualification  applied  to  a 
-ries  of  carbon  compounds  originating  from  a  nucleus 
composed  of  six  carbon-atoms,  C6H6.  Their  stability 
is  relatively  great  as  compared  to  the  fatty  bodies.  A. 
Acids,  those  of  the  ben/in  group  of  hydrocarbons. 
A.  Compound,  any  benzyl  derivative.  A.  Fid.  Ext., 
aromatic  powder  100,  alcohol  q.  s.  A.  Group,  a 
•-   of    hydrocarbons   having  the  composition  C,0- 


II 


16- 


A.   Powder.     See   Cinnamomum.     A.   Vine- 


gar, any  mixture  of  aromatic  oils  with  vinegar.      It  is 
u.-ed  as  a  stimulating  agent.      See  Acetum. 

Aromin  (ar-o'-min)  [apu/ia,  spice].  An  alkaloid  ob- 
tainable from  urine,  after  creatinin,  etc.,  have  been 
removed  from  the  mother-liquor.  When  heated  it 
emit-  a  fragrant  odor. 

Arquatus  (ar-kwa'-tus)  [L.,  a  rainbow].  Showing 
several  colors.  A.  morbus,  an  old  name  for  jaun- 
dice, from  the  discoloration  of  the  skin ;' rainbow 
disease. 

Arrack  (ar'-ak)  [Ind.].  Any  alcoholic  liquor  is  called 
arrack  in  the  East,  but  arrack  proper  is  a  liquor  dis- 
tilled from  toddy,  malted  rice,  01  d.ites. 

Arrak  (arr-ak).      See  Arrack. 

Arrector  (ar-ek'-tor)  [I..,  an  erector].  A  name  applied 
to  certain  muscles.  A.  pili  Muscle,  a  fan  like  ar- 
rangement of  a  layer  of  smooth  muscular  fibers  ;ui 
rounding  the  hair  follicle,  whose  contraction  erects 
the  follicle  and  produces  cutis  anserina  or  "goose- 
skin." 

Arrest  {ar-est')  [a,/,  to;    >     tare,  to  withstand].      Mop 
page,  detention.      Arrested   development,   is   when 
an  organ  or  organism  fails   in   its    normal    evolution, 
stopping   at  the   initial   or  intermediate  stages   of  the 


process.  Arrested  head,  when  in  parturition  the 
child's  head  i-  hindered  but  not  impacted  in  the  pelvic 
cavity. 

Arrestation  (ar-es-ta' '-shun) .     Same  a-  Arrest. 

Arrhea  (ah-re'-ah)  [a  priv.;  poia,  a  flow].  The  cessa- 
tion or  suppression  of  any  discharge. 

Arrhenotocia    (ar-en  j  .   male; 

a  bringing  forth].  A  formoi  parthenogenesis  in  which 
without  coitus  male  eggs  are  deposited,  as  in  bees. 

Arrhinia  (ah-rin'-e-ah) .     Same  as  Arhinia. 

Arrhizous  (ah-ri'-zusj  [a  priv.;  plra,  a  root].  In 
biology,  destitute  of  roots  or  rhi/oids,  as  parasitic 
plant.-,  certain  mosses,  hepatic. e,  ,te. 

Arrhythmia  (ah-rith' '-me-ah)  [a  priv.  ;  pvBfidg, rhythm]. 
Absence  pi  rhythm;  chiefly  used  in  the  expression  ar- 
rhythmia cordis,  denoting  irregularity  or  lack  of  rhythm 
in  the    heart's  action.      See  Can//,/.    Rhythm. 

Arrhythmic  (ah-rith' -mik)  [a  priv.  ;  pv6fi6c,  rhythm]. 
\\  ithout  rhythm  ;   irregular. 

Arrhythmous  (ah-rith' -mus).     See  Arrhythmic. 

Arrhythmy  (ah-rith' -me) .     Same  as  Arrhythmia. 

Arrow-poison  (ar'-o-poi'-zuri).  See  Curare  and  Gua- 
chamaco. 

Arrowroot  (ar'-o-root)  [ME.,  arow ;  roote\  A  kind 
of  starch  derived  from  Maranta  arundinacea  of  the 
West  Indies,  Southern  States,  etc.  It  is  a  popular 
remedy  for  diarrhea,  and  is  widely  used  as  a  food. 
Many  other  starchy  preparations  are  sold  as  arrow- 
root. 

Arsenate,  or  Arseniate  (ar'-  sen  -  at,  ar  -  sc' ■  tie  -  at) 
[arsenium].  Any  salt  of  arsenic  acid.  Ferrous 
arseniate,  arseniate  of  iron,  sparingly  used  in  medi- 
cine :  it  is  the  ferri  arsenias  of  the  1».  P.  It  is  a 
tasteless,  greenish  powder,  combining  the  effects  of 
iron  and  arsenic;  used  largely  in  anemia  and  skin 
diseases.  '   Dose  gr.  A— \, 

Arseniasis  (ar  sen-i'-as  is).     Same  as  Arsenism. 

Arsenic,  Arsenicum,  or  Arsenum  (ar'-sen-ik,  ar- 
ea'-i/c  uni,  or  ar-se'-num).  As  =75  ;  quantivalence 
in,  V.  A  non-metal  having  a  metallic  luster  and  crys- 
talline structure.  In  small  doses  it  is  a  stomachic  and 
general  tonic,  promoting  appetite 'and  cardiac  action, 
and  stimulating  mental  activity.  It  is  of  great  value  in 
irritative  dyspepsia,  and  is  sometimes  used  internally  to 
blanch  and  clear  the  skin.  In  larger  doses  it  creates 
skin-eruptions  and  behaves  as  a  violent  corrosh  e  poison, 
acting  with  cumulative  effect.  Externally,  it  is  a  pow- 
erful escharotic,  used  in  cancer.  ( )nly  the  salts  and 
oxids  are  used  in  medicine.  A.  acid.,  arsenous  acid, 
white  arsenic,  "  ratsbane,"  As.2Or  Dose  gr.  ,',,-,'„. 
A.,  acid.,  liquor.  (Liq.arsenicihydrochlorici,  I!.  I'.), 
a  I  per  cent,  solution  of  the  acid  in  hydrochloric 
acid  and  distilled  water.  Dose  mjj-x.  Ferri 
arsenas,  FejAs,08.  Dose  gr.  ,',.,  \.  Liq.  Ar- 
senici  hydrochlor.  (1!.  P.).  Dose  n\,ij-viij.  Po- 
tassii  arsenit.,  Liq.  {Liquor  Arsenica  lis,  B.  I'.). 
Fowler's  solution,  contains  A.  acid  1,  potass,  bicar- 
bonate I,  comp.  tinct.  lavender  3,  and  distilled  water 
q.  s.  ad  100  parts.  Dose  mjj-x.  Sodii  arsenas, 
Na,HAs04.7H20.  Do-.'. .('the  dried  salt  gr.  *W*- 
Sodii  arsenat.,  Liq.,  Pearson's  solution.  Dose, 
rr\^ij  xv.  A.  iodid,  Asl  hose  gr.  J,,-1.  A.  et 
hydrargyri  iod.,  Liq.,  liquor  of  the  iodid  of  arsenic 
and  mercury,  Donovan's  solution,  contains  A.  iodid 
I,  mercuric  iodid  1,  distilled  water  loo  parts.  Dose 
TTLij-x.  A.  bromas,  AsBr,  valuable  in  diabetes. 
Dose  gr.  r'lT.  A.  brom.,  Liq.,  Clemens'  solution,  a 
one  per  cent,  solution  of  the  arsenite  of  bromin.  Dose 
IT\J— iv.  The  tests  for  arsenic  are  Fleitmann's,  Marsh's, 
and  Reinsch's,  for  which  see  Tests,  Table  of. 

Arsenical  (ar-sen'-ik-al)  [arsenum,  arsenic].  Per- 
taining   to    arsenic.       A.    Devitalizing    Fiber,  used 


ARSENICALISM 


111 


ARTERIOSITY 


in   places   where    pastes    would    be    dangerous,    from 

leakage. 

fy.    Absorbent  cotton  (cross-cut  fine) 
Arsem mis  i >xid,  j»r.  v 

Acetate  of  morphin,  nr   x 

Oily  carbolic  acid,  q.  s.,  to  very  thin  paste. 

Saturate  cotton  with  paste  and  dry. 

A.   Paste  i  /'«/.'.  /  a   French  composition, 

used  as  application  for  destroying  the  pulps  of  decayed 
teeth. 

IjL    Arsenous  oxid,  gr.  v 

Acetate  of  morphin,  gr.  x 

Mull  in  mortar;  moisten  cotton  pellet  in  either  oil  of 
cloves,  eugenol,  oily  carbolic  acid,  or  dental  aconite, 
and  dip  into  powder.     Seealso  Frire  Corne. 

Arsenicalism  [ar-sen' -ik-al-izni).     Same  as  Arsenism. 

Arsenicism  [ar-sen' '-is-izni).     Same  as  Arsenism, 

Arsenicophagy  [ar-sen-ik-off'-aje)  [arsenum,  arsenic; 
'  elv,  to  eat].     The  habitual  eating  of  arsenic. 

Arsenism  [ar'-sen-izm)  [arsenum,  arsenic].  Chronic 
arsenical  poisoning;   arsenicalism. 

Arsenite  [ar'-sen-lt)  [arsenum,  arsenic].  Any  salt  of 
arsenous  acid. 

Arsenization  [ar-sen-iz-a' 'shun)  [arsenum,  arsenic]. 
Treatment  with  arsenical  remedies. 

Arsenoblast  [ar-sen' -o-blast)  [hparpi,  male;  37aaroc, 
germ].  In  biology,  the  male  element  of  the  sexual 
cell,  capable  of  multiplication  by  division  ;  the  oppo- 
site of  the  thelyblast  or  female  element. 

Arsenous,  or  Arsenious  [ar'-sen-us,  ar-se' -ne-us)  [ar- 
senum,  arsenic].  Containing  arsenic.  A.  Acid.  See 
Arsenic. 

Arse-smart  [ars'-smart).     See  Polygonum  hydropiper. 

Arsins  [ar'-sinz)  [arsenum,  arsenic].  Peculiar  volatile 
arsenical  bases  found  by  Selmi  to  be  produced  by  the 
contact  of  arsenous  acid  and  albuminous  substances. 

Arsonium  (ar-so'-ne-um)  [arsenum,  arsenic;  ammo- 
nium], AsH4.  A  univalent  radical  in  which  arsenic 
replaces  the  nitrogen  of  ammonium. 

Arsura  [ar-su'-rak)  [L.,  a  "  burn  "].  An  old  name  for 
gonorrhea. 

Art  [art)  [ars,  artis,  skill].  Skill;  dexterity.  A., 
Dental,  the  application  of  the  rules  of  dental  surgery 
to  the  treatment  of  the  diseases  of  the  teeth  and  the 
replacement  of  the  loss  of  those  organs. 

Artanthe  [ar-tan' -the)  [C].  A  genus  of  piperaceous 
plants.  A.  elongata,  the  plant  that  affords  the  drug 
Ma  tic  o,  q.  v.  It  is  a  vine  of  the  pepper  family,  a 
native  of  Peru. 

Artefact  [ar'-te-fakt).     See  Artifact. 

Artemisia  [ar-tem-is' -e-ah)  ['Apre/ug,  the  goddess 
Diana].  A  genus  of  plants  of  the  order  composite. 
A.  abrotanum,  southern  zvood,  is  stimulant,  tonic,  and 
vermifuge,  and  is  popularly  used  as  a  vulnerary.  It 
is  similar  in  properties  to  wormwood.  Dose  of  fid. 
ext.  TT^x-xx.  Unof.  A.  absinthium.  See  Absinthe. 
A.  maritima  affords  pure  Wormseed,  q.  v.  A.  vul- 
garis, mug  wort,  is  a  popular  remedy  in  various 
diseases. 

Axteria  [ar-te* '-re-ah)  [aprepia,  the  trachea].  Hollow 
tubes.  The  plural  was  applied  to  the  bronchial 
tubes.  The  ancients  supposed  these  filled  with  vital 
spirit  during  life.      See  Artery. 

Arteriac  [ar-te' -re-ak)  [aprepia,  the  trachea],  i.  Per- 
taining to  the  trachea,  or  to  the  arteries.  2.  A  remedy 
used  in  diseases  of  the  trachea  or  of  the  arteries. 

Arteriagra  [ar-ter-e-a' -grah)  [aprepia,  trachea;  a)pn, 
a  seizure].      Neuralgia  of  an  artery. 

Arterial  [ar-te/-re-al)  [aprepia,  the  trachea].  Pertain- 
ing to  an  artery. 

Arterialization  [ar-te-re-al-iz-a' -shun)  [aprepia,  the 
trachea].      The  process  of  making  or  becoming  arte- 


rial ;    the    change    from    dark,  venous  blood    into   that 

which  is  bright  red,  as  in  the  arteries. 
Arteriarctia  re-ark' -te-ah)     [aprepia,    trachea; 

arctus,  bound].     Constriction  or  stenosis  of  an  artery. 
Arteriectasis     [ar-te-re-ek' -tas-is)     [aprepia,     trachea; 

ixraatc,  a  stretching  out].      Arterial  dilatation. 
Arteriectopia   [ar-te-re-ek-tt/ -pe  ah)  [aprepia,  tra< 

turn-lie ,  out  of  place].      Displacement  or  abnormality 

in  the  course  of  an  artery. 
Arterin  (iir'-ter-iii)  [aprepia,  trachea] .      II  yler's 

term  for  the  arterial  blood-pigment  as  contained  in  the 
puscles. 
Arterioarctia  [ar-te-re-o-ark' -te-ah).     See  Arteriarctia. 
Arterio-capillary      [ar-te-re-o-kap* -il-a  [ni>~ 

tin  hea  ;    capillus,  a  hair].      Pertaining  to  arteries  and 

capillaries.       A.    Fibrosis,  the   undue    augmentation, 

or  abnormal  preponderance,  of  connecth  ele 

ments  in  the  walls  of  capillaries  and  arteri 
Arteriodiastasis       [ar-te-re-o-di-asf -tas-%  [apr 

trachea:   diaoraa  ration].     The  retraction  of  the 

two  ends  of  a  divided  artery. 
Arterio-fibrosis  [ar-te-re-o-fi-brt/ -sis)  [aprepia,  trachea; 
libra,  a   fiber].      A  term  applied    to   the  condition   of 

the  arterial  capillaries  in  chronic  interstitial  disease. 
Arteriogram  [ar-te1 ' -re-o-gram).      See  Sph  am. 

Arteriograph      [ar-te*  [aprepia,     trachea; 

,  to  record].     A  form  of  sphygmograph. 
Arteriography    [ar-te-re-og/ -ra-fe)    [  trachea; 

yp&f>),    a   writing],      I.  A  description  of  the  arteries. 

2.  The  graphic  representation  of  the  pulse-waves  or  of 

the  arterial  blood-current. 
Arteriola    [ar-te-ri' -o-lah)     [L.:  //. ,    Arteriole].     An 

arteriole. 
Arteriolae     Rectae     (ar-t  e  rek'-te)     [L.].     The 

small  blood-vessels  that  supply  the  medullary  pyramids 

of  the  kidneys. 
Arteriole      [ar-te' -re-db)       [arteriola].      A     very    small 

artery. 
Arteriology  (ar-te-re-o/'-o-  je)   [aprepia,  trachea;  /","f, 

science].       The  science  of  the  arteries;   the  anatomy, 

physiology,  and  pathology  of  the  arteries. 
Arteriomalacia       (ar-te-re-o-mal-a'-se-ah)        [opr 

trachea;     ita/ania,     softness].     The   softening    of   an 

artery. 
Arteriopathy     [ar-te-re-op '-a-the)      [norepla,     trachea; 

rraOog,  illness].      Any  disease  of  an  artery  or  of  arteries. 
Arteriophlebotomy    [ar-te-re-o-fle-bof-o-me)    [apr 

trachea  ;  9/ii/',  a  vein  ;  reuveiv,  to  cut].      Local  blood- 
letting, 
Arterioplania  [ar-te-re-o-pla' -ne-ah)   [aprepia,  trachea: 

K%avao8ai,  to  wander].      Deviation    or  tortuousiiess  in 

the  course  of  an  artery. 
Arterio-renal  [ar-te-re-o-re* '-nal)  [     -  trachea;  ren, 

the  kidney].      Pertaining  to  the  renal   blood- ves- 

A.   Disease,  a  pathologic    condition   of  middle    life 

characterized   by   an   early   stage  of  renal  cirrhosis  due 

primarily  to  vascular  lesions.      Its  symptoms  are  mainly 

high    vascular  tension,  albuminuria,   and  tendency  to 

apoplectic  seizures. 
Arteriorrhagia  [ar-te-re-or-a' -je-ah)  [aprepia,  trachea; 

.  to  break  forth].      Arterial  hemorrhage. 
Arteriorrhexis    [ar-te-re-or-eks'-U)     [d   -        .    trachea: 

bursting].      Rupture  of  an  artery. 
Arteriosclerosis        [ar-te-re-o-skb 

trachea;  OKfajpdg,  hard].       The  hardening  of  the  walls 

of    an    artery,    and    especially   of    the    intima.      See 

Endarteritis. 
Arterio-sclerotic       [ar-te-re-o-skle-rof -ik  ) 

trachea  ;  ck;  r/por,  hard]  .     Pertaining  to  arteriosclerosis. 

A.  Kidney.     See  Bright 's  Disease. 
Arteriosity   [ar-te-re-os'-it-e)    \  .   trachea].     The 

quality  of  being  arterious,  or  arterial. 


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ARTERIOSTENOSIS 


115 


ARTHROGRYPOSIS 


Arteriostenosis  [ar-te-re-o-ste-nof -sis)  [apripia,  trachea; 
orevbg,  narrow].  The  narrowing  of  the  caliber  of  an 
artery  in  any  part. 

Arteriostrepsis  {ar-te-re-o-strep,-sis)  [aprepia,  tra<  bea  ; 
Orphic,  a  twisting].  The  twisting  of  an  arter)  for 
the  purpose  of  staying  a  hemorrhage. 

Arteriotome  [ar-te/ -re-o-tom)  [aprepia,  trachea  ;  rifiveiv, 
to  cut].     A  knife  for  use  in  arteriotomy. 

Arteriotomy      [ar-te-re-of -o-me)      [aprepia,     trachea; 
ri/iveiv,  to    cut],      i.  The    cutting   or  opening  of  an 
artery,  as  for  the  purpose  of  letting  blood.    2.    I  >: 
tion  or  anatomy  of  the  arteries. 

Arterious  [ar-te' -re-us)  [aprepia,  trachea].  Relating 
to  anatomy  or  to  the  arteries  ;  arterial . 

Arterio-venous  [ar-te-re-o-ve/ -nus)  [aprepia,  trachea  ; 
vena,  vein].  Both  arterial  and  venous  ;  involving  an 
arter)-  and  a  vein,  as  an  arterio-venous  aneurysm. 

Arterio-version  [ar-te-re-o-ver' '-shun)  [aprepia,  trachea  ; 
vertere,  to  turn] .     Weber's  method  of  arresting  hemor 
rhage  by   turning   vessels   inside  out  by  means  of   an 
instrument  called  the  arterio-verter . 

Arterio-verter.     See  Arterioversion. 

Arteritis  (ar-te-ri'-tis)  [aprijpia,  trachea  ;  ir/t;,  inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation  of  an  arte ry.  The  acute  form, 
always  local,  is  generally  consecutive  to  trauma, 
thrombosis,  or  embolism,  and  may  be  purulent  in 
character,  and  attended  with  ulceration  ;  the  chronic, 
more  properly  Endarteritis,  a.  v.,  arterial  sclerosis, 
leading  to  atheroma  or  atheromatous  changes,  is  a 
frequent  disease  of  the  aged.  A.  deformans,  the 
result  of  atheromatous  changes  producing  crumpling  or 
irregularities  of  the  walls.  See  Chronic  Endarteritis. 
A.  obliterans,  great  inflammatory  development  of  the 
endothelium  of  an  artery,  resulting  in  obliteration  of  the 
lumen  by  thrombosis.     See  Endarteritis  obliterans. 

Artery  {ar'-ter-e)  [arteria  ; 
aprr/pia,  trachea].  Arteries 
are  the  tube  like  vessels 
through  which  the  blood 
is  propelled  by  the  heart 
to  the  peripheral  organs. 
They  end  in  arterioles  and 
capillaries.  They  are  com- 
posed of  three  layers  :  the 
outer,  or  tunica  adventitia; 
the  middle,  or  tunica 
media,  the  muscular  coat ; 
the  internal,  or  intima, 
composed  of  nucleated 
epithelial  cells,  connective 
and  elastic  tissue.  A. 
Terminal,  an  artery 
whose  branches  do  not 
form  anastomoses  with 
other  arteries.  A  table  of 
the  arteries  is  appended. 

Arthragra  [ar-thra' -grah) 
[apdpov,  a  joint ;  aypa, 
seizure],      (lout. 

Arthral  [ar'-thral)  [apdpov, 
a  joint].  Articular;  relat- 
ing to  an  arthron. 

Arthralgia  [ar-thral' -je-ah) 
[apflpov,  a  joint;  a/} nc, 
pain].  Pain  in  a  joint; 
gout;  arthritis;    rheumatism. 

Arthralgic  [ar-thral'-jik)  [apdpov,  a  joint ;  akyog,  pain]. 
Relating  to  arthralgia. 

Arthrectomy  [ar-threk1 '-to-tne)  [apdpov,  a  joint  ;  ekto/i^, 
a  cutting  out].      Surgical  excision  ot   a  joint. 

Arthrelcosis  [ar-threl-ko'-sis)  [apdpov,  a  joint ;  ehiuaiq, 
ulceration].      Ulceration  of  a  joint. 


Coats  ok  a  Small  Artery. 
a,  endothelium;  b,  internal 
elastic  lamina;  c,  circular 
muscular  fibers  of  the  middle 
coat  :  </,  the  outer  coat. 
(Landois.) 


Arthremia  (ar/hre' -me-ah)  [apdpov,  a  joint  ;  diua, 
blood],     A  congested  condition  of  a  joint. 

Arthrempyema  [ur-thrcm-pi-e'-mah)  [dpd/30f,ajoint;  e/i- 
-i  ijtui ,  suppuration].    Suppuration  or  abscess  of  a  joint. 

Arthrempyesis     [ar-threm-pi-e'-sis).      See    Arthi 

pye  i   . 

Arthritic  \ir  thrit'ih)  [apdpov,  a  joint].  Relating  to 
arthritis  or  to  gout. 

Arthritis    [ar-tkri' '-tis)    [  a   joint;    trig,  inflam 

mation].  Inflammation  of  a  joint.  A.  chlorotica. 
Synonym  of  Enteritis pseudomembranou  .  A.  defor- 
mans, chronic  inflammation  of  a  join!  with  deformity; 
rheumatoid  arthritis.  A.  fungosa,  scrofulous  or  tuber 
cular  diseasi  of  the  joints;  white  swelling.  A.  pau- 
perism. Synonym  of  Rheumatoid  arthriti  A. 
proliferating.  See  A.  deformans.  A.  rheumatic. 
Chronic  rheumatoid  arthriti  ;  Osteo-arthritis ;  Rheu- 
matic gout;  Nodular  rheumatism;  Arthritis  a 
man;;  a  chronic  joint-affection  characterized  by 
inflammatory  overgrowth  of  the  articular  cartilages 
and  synovial  membranes,  with  destruction  of  i 
parts  of  the  cartilages  subject  to  intraarticular  pressure, 
and  progressive  deformity.  The  disease  attacks  those 
who  present  the  rheumatic  diathesis,  and  is  chiefly  seen 
in  advanced  life,  though  the  young  are  not  exempt. 
A.,  rheumatoid.  See  A.  deformans.  A.  uritica, 
arthritis  due  to  gout. 

Arthritism  \nr'-ihr>t-izm)  [apdpov,  a  joint].  Gout  or 
the  gouty  diathesis. 

Arthritolith  (ar-thrit* '-o-lith)  [apflpov,  a  joint;  '/iHoc,  a 
stone].  Gouty  calcareous  deposit  or  concretion  in  or 
around  a  joint. 

Arthrobranchia  {ar-thro-brangf -ke-ah  v,  a  joint; 

(3pdy^ia,  gills].  In  biology,  a  branchial  plume  at- 
tached to  the  membranous  articulation  between  the 
coxa  and  the  body  of  decapod  crustaceans. 

Arthrocace  [ar-throk' '-as-e)  [apdpov,  a  joint ;  kcikoc,  ill]. 
Fungous,  strumous,  or  tuberculous  arthritis. 

Arthrocacology    {ar-thro-kak-oV -o-je)    [apdpov,   joint; 
mien,  fault;   Aoyog,  science].      The  sum  of  know! 
regarding  joint-diseases. 

Arthrocele   [ar'-thro-sel,    or   ar-tkro-se'-le)   [apdp 
joint;  ay/a/,  a  tumor].      Swelling  of  a  joint,  especially 
of  a  knee-joint  in  gonorrheal  rheumaiisin. 

Arthrochondritis  [ar-thro-kon-dri'-tis)  [apdpov,  a  joint ; 
\ovfipoc,  a  cartilage  ;  trig,  inflammation].  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  cartilaginous  parts  of  a  joint. 

Arthroclasia      {ar-tkro-kla'-se-ah)     [  a    joint; 

KKaeiv,  tobreak].  The  breaking  down  of  ankyloses  in 
order  to  produce  free  movement  of  a  joint. 

Arthroclasy  [a  '-thro-kla-se).     Same  as  Arthroclasia. 

Arthroderm    {ar'-thro-derm)    [apdpov,  a  joint ;    d 
skin].      The  parietes  of  an  arthropod. 

Arthrodesis    [ar-throd' '-es-is)    [apdpov,  joint;  .    1 

binding].      Surgical  fixation  of  paralyzed  joints. 

Arthrodia  iar-thro' -de-ah)  [hpd  .  a  kind  of  articula- 

tion].     A  form  of  joint  permitting  a  gliding  movement. 
D i arthrosis. 

Arthrodial  {ar-throf-de-al)  [apdpuiVui,  a  kind  of  articu- 
lation].     Pertaining  to  or  of  the  nature  of  arthrodia. 

Arthrodynia  1  r.  -thro-dni'-e-ah)  [apdpov,  a  joint  ;   61 
pain  J.      See  Arthra 

Arthrodynic  [ar-thro-din'-ik)  [apdpm ,  a  joint;  61 
pain].      Relating  to  or  affected  by  arthrodynia. 

Arthroempyesis  [ar-thro-em-pi-e/ -sis)  [apdpov,  a  joint; 
ni-i i/aig,  suppuration].      Suppuration  in  a  joint. 

Arthrography      tar-thro   '-ra  .a     joint  ; 

;,.■/'    ,.  to  write].      A   description  of  the  joints. 

Arthrogryposis    (ar-thro  is)  [apdpov,    a    joint  ; 

■  g,  flexure].  I.  Permanent  flexure  of  a  joint  ; 
ankylosis.  -  Persistent  idiopathic  contracture  of  a 
joint.     3.    Tetany  or  tetanilla. 


ART!  i:ll  S  116  AKI  I  RIES 

TABLE   OF   ARTERIES. 


!l    . 

Oki 

DISTRIBUTION. 

Branches. 

Aberrant  (from  bi 

ial  "i  .i\ 

1 .  t    the     brachial 
or   axillary   with  the 

I  1  .i  1    usually,    .11 
times  with  the  ulnar 
hi  interosseous. 

u  ic. 

lid  muscle  (in  part),  assists  in  the 
1  1  iii.it i"ii  oi  the  acromial  rete. 

nial. 

Suprascapular. 

Acromial  : 

A    ■     -         I  horacic 

(ll:                          iS) 

md  branch  of  first 
part  of  axillary. 

Shoulder,  arm,  upper  anterior  part  ol 
chest,  and  mammary  gland. 

Acromial,  humeral,  pectoral,  clavicu- 
lar. 

Adi| 

Thoracic  aorta. 

Adipose  tissue  of  heart. 
Glomeruli. 

Afferent. 

Interlobular  of  kidneys. 
Second  part  of  axillary  • 

Alar  thoracic. 

Lymphatic  glands  in  axilla. 

!  val) 

Posterior  dental. 

The  gums. 

\ler- 
nal  plan 

External  plantar. 

< )utei  border  ol  foot. 

Anastomoses  with  the  tarsal  and 
metatarsal  branches  of  the  dorsalis 
pedis. 

Ai      inter- 
nal plan: 

Internal  plantar. 

Inner  side  cf  foot. 

Anastomoses  with  internal  tarsal 
brain  h  ol  the  dorsalis  pedis. 

Anastomotic   fof  mid- 

meningea 

called  perforating. 

Middle  meningeal. 

Around  greater  wing  of  sphenoid. 

Anastomose  with  deep  temporal. 

Anastomotic    (of    sci 

atici. 

Sciatic. 

External  rotator  muscles  of  thigh. 

Assists  in  the  formation  of  the  crucial 
anastomosis. 

Anastomotica     magna 
(of  bracbi 

Brachial. 

Elbow. 

Posterior  and  anterior. 

stomotica     magna 
(i>i      superficial     fe- 
moral). 

Superficial   femoral  (in 
Hunter's  canal). 

Knee. 

Supei  li<  ial  and  deep. 

.lar. 

The  termination  of  the 

facial. 

Lachrymal  sac   and   lower  part  of  or- 
bicularis palpebrarum. 

Anastomoses  with  infraorbital. 

Anterior    (of    corpora 
quadrigemina). 

Posterior  cerebral. 

Anterior    portion    of     corpora  quadri- 
gemina. 

recepta- 

Internal  carotid. 

Dura  mater  of  cavernous  sinus  and  ad- 
jacent parts. 

Antral. 

Posterior  dental. 

Antrum  of  Highmore. 

Aorta,  abdominal. 

Thoracic  aorta. 

Two  <  ommi  in  iliacs. 

Phrenic  (right  and  left),  cel'ac  axis, 
suprarenal  <>r  capsular  (right  and 
lelt),  superior  mesenteric,  lumbal 
(four  pan  5)1  "  nal  (1  ight  and  left  1, 
spermatic  (right  and  left),  inferioi 
mesenteric,  right  and  left  common 
iliac,  middle  sacral. 

Aorta,  arch. 

Left  ventricle  of  heart. 

Thoracic  aorta. 

Two  coronary,  innominate,  left  com- 
mon carotid,  leit  subi  l.i\  ian. 

Aorta,  primitive. 

That    portion    from   tie- 
ori:                      point  at 
which  the  first  branch 
is  given  off. 

Aorta,  thoracic. 

An  h  of  aorta. 

Abdominal  aorta. 

Two  or  three  pericardiac,  three 
bronchial,  four    01   five  esophageal, 

twenty     intercostal,    subcostal       (or 

twelfth  dorsal),  diaphragmalii  . 
aberrans. 

AorUe,  primitive  (2). 

Cardiac     (in     the    em- 
bryo). 

Pass  through  the  first  visceral  arch. 

Unite  to  form  the  dorsal. 

Ap|iendicular. 

Ilio-colic. 

tery  ol  vermiform  appendix 

Articular,  middle    (of 
kn- 

Popliteal 

ll  ligaments  and  joint. 

Articular,  superior  ex- 
ternal (of  km 

Popliteal. 

Crureus  and  knee. 

AK  I  Ikll  S 


11? 


ARTERIES 


I  \i:i  I.  mi     \i;|  ERIES.— Continued. 


Name. 

Origin. 

DlSTRIBI 

Brani  lll-.S 

Articular,  superior,  in- 
ternal. 

Popliteal. 

Knee. 

Ascending. 

External  circumflex. 

■  Strui  tures  ol    gluteal  region  and 
hip-joint. 

Asternal. 

Internal  mammary. 

Inner  surface  of  costal  cartilages. 

Atrabiliary.    See  Cap- 
sular. 

Auditory,  internal. 

Basilar. 

Internal  ear. 

Auricular. 

Occipital. 

Pinna  and  concha. 

Auricular,  anterior ,  in- 
ferior. 

Superficial  temporal. 

Auricle  and  external  auditory  meatus. 

Auricular,  anterior, 
superior. 

Superficial  temporal. 

Auricle  and  external  meatus. 

Auricular,  deep. 

Internal  maxillary  (first 
part). 

Membrana  tympani    and   skin  of  ex- 
ternal auditory  meatus. 

Auricular,  left. 

Left  coronary  artery. 

Left    auricle,    pulmonary    artery,   and 
commencement  ol  aorta. 

Auricular,  posterior. 

Fifth  branch  of  external 
carotid. 

Back  of  auricle,  scalp,  and  part  of  neck. 

Parotid,  muscular,  stylo-mastoid,  an- 
tei  lor  terminal  or  auricular,  and  pos- 
terior terminal  or  mastoid. 

Auricular,  right. 

Right  coronary  artery. 

Right  auricle,  aorta,  auricular  septum. 

Axillary. 

Subclavian. 

Brachial  and  seven  branches. 

Superior  thoracic,  acromio-thoracic, 
long  thoracic,  alar  thoracic,  subscap- 
ular, anterior  and  posterior  circum- 
flex. 

Azygos    (articular,   of 
external  plantar). 

External  plantar. 

Articulations  of  tarsus. 

Azygos    (articular,    of 
internal  plantar). 

Internal  plantar. 

Articulations  on  inner  side  of  foot. 

Anastomoses  with  branches  of  external 

plantar. 

Azygos    (articular,   of 
popliteal). 

Popliteal. 

Knee. 

Azygos    (articular,  of 
sciatic). 

Sciatic. 

Posterior  part  of  capsule  of  hip-joint. 

Azygos    (articular,   of 
superior  profunda). 

Superior  profunda. 

Elbow-joint,  posterior  part. 

Anastomoses  with  anastomotica  mag- 
na and  interosseous  recurrent. 

Azygos    (articular,   of 
suprascapular). 

Suprascapular. 

The   acromioclavicular  and    shoulder 
joints. 

Azygos    (articular,   of 
temporal). 

Temporal. 

Temporo-maxillary  joint. 

Basilar. 

By  confluence  of  right 
and  left  vertebral. 

Brain. 

Transverse  for  pontile),  internal  audi- 
tory,   anterior     cerebellar,   superior 
cerebellar,  two  posterior  cerebral. 

Bicipital    (or    ascend- 
ing). 

Anterior  circumflex. 

Long  tendon  of  biceps  and  shoulder- 
joint. 

Brachial. 

Axillary. 

Arm  and  forearm. 

Superior  and  interior  profunda,  anas- 
tom< itica  magna,  nutrient,  muscular, 
radial  and  ulnar. 

Brachio-cephalic. 

See  Innominate. 

Bronchial  (inferior). 

Thoracic  aorta. 

Bronchi  and  parenchyma  of  the  lungs. 
Bronchi. 

Bronchial  (superior). 

Arch  of  aorta. 

Buccal. 

Facial. 

Muscles  of  cheek. 

Anastomoses   with   buccal   branch  of 
internal    maxillary' •    the    transvei 
facial  and  infraorbital. 

Buccal. 

Internal  maxillary. 

Buccinator  muscle  and   mucous  mem- 
brane of  mouth. 

Anastomoses  with  the  buccal  b-anch 
ol  the  facial,  the  transverse  facial 
and  infraorbital. 

Buccal. 

Posterior  denial. 

Buccinator  muscle. 

Of  the  bulb. 

First     part    of   internal 
pudic. 

Erectile  tissue  of  the  bulb  and  the  cor- 
pus spongiosum. 

ARI  ERIES  11-  AKI  ERIES 

I  \l.l  1    mi     \u  I  ERIES.— Continued. 


N  \\u 

OKU. IN.                                                 DlSTRIBUTIG 

Branches. 

Calcaneal!,  external 
and  internal. 

Peroneal. 

Over    the  os   i.uus  and    surrounding 
soft  parts. 

hi,  inferior  (of 
rnal  plantar). 

External  plantar. 

(  i\  i  i  inner  surface  of  os  calcis. 

Anastomoses  with  internal  calcanean 

01    pel  "Ileal. 

Calcanean,  middle. 

1'osterior  tibial. 

Os  calcis. 

See  c                    >     >uil. 

Calloso-marginal. 

Antei  ior  cerebral. 

Callosal   and    upper  part  of   marginal 
.  •  im  olutions. 

Capsular  (or   atrabili- 

.11  \ ). 

Abdominal  aorta. 

Suprarenal  capsule. 

Capsular. 

See  Perirenal. 

Cardiac. 

Gastric. 

Cardiac  end  of  stomach. 

diac,    right.     See 
Coronary,  tight  (of 
heart). 

Carotid,  common. 

Right  side,  innominate; 
left  side,  arch. 

External  and  internal  carotid. 

External  and  internal  carotid. 

Carotid,  external. 

Common  carotid. 

Anterior   part   of  neck,   face,   side   of 
head,  integuments  and  dura  mater. 

Ascending  pharyngeal,  superior  thy- 
roid, lingual,  facial,  occipital,  pos- 
terior auricular,  temporal,  internal 
maxillary. 

Carotid,  internal. 

Common  carotid. 

Greater  part  of  brain,  the  orbit,  inter- 
nal ear,  forehead,  and  nose. 

Tympanic,  vidian,  arteria  receptaculi, 
pituitary,  gasserian,  meningeal,  oph- 
thalmic, posterior  communicating, 
anterior  choroid,  anterior  cerebral, 
middle  cerebral. 

Carotid,  primitive.  See 
Carotid,  common. 

Carotid,  superficial. 
See  Carotid,  ,  \  ter- 
ual. 

Carpal. 

Radial. 

Branches  to  lower  end  of  radius,  wrist, 
and  carpal-joints. 

Enters  into  formation  of  anterior  car- 
pal rete. 

Carpal. 

Ulnar.                                  Carpus. 

Enters  into  formation  of  the  posterior 
carpal  rete. 

Caudate. 

Middle  cerebral.               Head  of  caudate  nucleus. 

al. 

Right  phrenic.                  Vena  cava. 

Cecal,  anterior. 

Inferior  mesenteric.         Anterior  surface  of  cecum. 

Cecal,  post,  i  ior. 

Posterior  mesenteric.      Posterior  part  of  cecum. 

Celiac. 

ininal  aorta.             Stomach,  duodenum,  spleen,  pancreas, 
h\  er  and  gall-bladder. 

Gastric,  hepatic,  splenic. 

Central  (of  retina). 

Ophthalmic.                        Retina. 

Central,  of  Zinn.     See 
Central  (of  retina). 

Cerebellar,  anterior. 

Basilar. 

Anterior  inferior  surface  of  cerebellum. 

Cerebellar,  inferior. 

Vertebral. 

Vei  niiform  process,  and  cortex  of  cere- 
bellum. 

Inferior  vermiform  and  the  hemi- 
spheral. 

Cerebellar,  superior. 

Basilar. 

Superior  vermiform   process    and   cir- 
cumference of  '  i  ii  1"  Hum. 

Superior  vermiform  and  hemispheral. 

Cerebral,  anterior. 

Internal  carotid. 

Anterior  portion  of  cerebrum. 

Anterior    communicating,   ganglionic 

(or  central),  commissural,  hemi- 
spheral (or  ci  irtii 

Cerebral, 

'  ■  >    '<ral, posterior. 

Cerebral,  middle. 

Internal  carotid. 

Middle  portion  ot  (  erebrum. 

Ganglionii  'or  central),  hemispheral 
(oi  cortii  al  i. 

Cerebral,  posterior. 

Basilar. 

Temporo-sphenoidal  and  occipital 
lobes. 

Ganglionic  (or  central),  and  hemi- 
spheral (or  cortical). 

ical. 

Uteri:                                               ix  uteri. 

ARTERIES  119  ARTERIES 

I  ABLE  OF  ARTERIES.    -Continued. 


Name. 

Origin. 

Distribution. 

Branches. 

Cervical,  anterior.  See 
Thyroid,  anterior. 

Cervical,  ascending. 

Inferior  thyroid. 

Deep  muscles  of  neck  and  spinal  canal. 

Muscular,  spinal  and  phrenic. 

Cervical,  deep. 

Superior  intercostal. 

Deep  muscles  of  neck  and  spinal  canal. 

Muscular,  anastomotic,  vertebral  (or 
spinal). 

Cervical,  descending. 

Deep  cervical. 

Tissues  of  neck. 

Cervical,  superficial. 

Transverse  cervical. 

Trapezius,     levator     anguli     scapula-. 
splenius  muscles  and  posterior  chain 
of  lymphatic  glands. 

Cervical,     transverse 
(transversalis  colli). 

Thyroid  axis. 

Posterior  cervical  and  scapular  regions. 

rior  scapular  and  superficial 
cervical. 

Chiasmic. 

Anterior  cerebral. 

First  portion  of  optic  nerve. 

Choroid,  anterior. 

Internal  carotid. 

Hippocampus   major  and   corpus  fim- 
briatum. 

Choroid,  posterior. 

Posterior  cerebral. 

Velum  interpositum  and  joins  the  cho- 
roid plexus. 

Ciliary,  short  and  long, 
posterior      and     an- 
terior. 

Ophthalmic. 

The  eye. 

Circular,  of  uterus. 

Uterine. 

Cervix  uteri. 

Circumflex,    anterior 
(of  axillary). 

Axillary. 

Pecloralis  major,  biceps,  and  shoulder- 
joint. 

Bicipital  and  pectoral. 

Circumflex,  external. 

Profunda  femoris. 

Muscles  of  thigh. 

Ascending,  transverse, and  descending. 

Circumflex  iliac,  deep. 

External  iliac. 

Cpper  part  of  thigh  and  lower  part  of 
abdomen. 

Muscular  and  cutaneous. 

Circumflex    iliac,    su- 
perficial. 

Common  femoral. 

Iliacus  atid  sartorius  muscles,  inguinal 
glands,  and  skin  of  thigh. 

Circumflex,  internal. 

Profunda  femoris 

Muscles  of  thigh. 

Circumflex,    posterior 
(of  axillary). 

Axillary. 

Deltoid,  teres  minor,  triceps,  and  shoul- 
der-joint. 

Nutrient,  articular,  acromial,  muscu- 
lar. 

Clavicular. 

Acromio-thorai  ic.            Subclavius  muscle. 

Of  the  clitoris,  cavern- 
ous. 

Internal    pudic   (in    the  Corpus  cavernosum  of  clitoris, 
female). 

Of  the  clitoris,  profun- 
da. 

See   A.,  of  the  clitoris\ 
(cavernous) 

Coccygeal. 

Sciatic.                                Integument  over  lower  part  of  sacrum 
and  coccyx. 

Cochlear. 

Internal  auditory. 

Cochlea. 

Colic,  left. 

Inferior  mesenteric.         Colon,  descending. 

Colic,  middle. 

Superior  mesenteric. 

Transverse  colon. 

Colic,  right. 

Superior  mesenteric. 

Colon,  ascending. 

Colic,  transverse. 

Colic,  middle. 

Transverse  colon. 

Comes  nervi  phrenici. 
See  Phrenic , superior 

Commissural. 

Anterior  cerebral.            Callosum. 

Communicating. 

Dorsalis  pedis.                  Enters  into  formation  of  plantar  arch. 

The  fifth  plantar  digital,  or  princeps 
hallucis. 

Communicating. 

Occipital. 

Muscles  of  posterior  part  of  neck. 

Anastomoses  with  branches  of  the 
\  ertebral. 

Communicating     (or 
perforating). 

Deep  palmar  arch. 

Join  proximal  ends  of  metacarpal  and 
second  ami  third  dorsal  interosseous 

arteries. 

Communicating. 

Peroneal. 

Anastomoses     with     communicating 
branch  of  posterior  tibial. 

Anastomoses  with   communicating  of 
peroneal. 

Communicating. 

Posterior  tibial. 

A.RTERI1  S  120  ARTERIES 

i  \|:L|    O]     ARTERIES.— Conlinu 


N  1MB. 

Ok: 

DlSl  K1BUTION. 

Bras-,  hi  s. 

Communicating,  ante- 
rior. 

Anterior  cerebral. 

Assets  iii  formation  of  anterior  houn- 
dai y  oi  cin  le  ol  Willis ,  sends  bran- 
ches to  caudate  nucleus. 

Communicating, 

tenor. 

;id. 

Kilters  into  formation  of  circle  of  Wil 
lis;  uncinate  convolution  ami  optic 

thalamus. 

nate,  middle  thalamic. 

Cornn.ii 
trie. 

Coronary,  inferior. 

Facial. 

Lower  lip. 

Coronary,  left. 

Left  anterior  .sinus  of  Heart. 
Valsalva. 

Left  auricular,  anterior  interventricu- 
lar, left  marginal,  terminal 

Coronary,  right. 

Right  anterior  sinus  of 
Valsalva. 

Heart. 

K i jj; ht  auricular,  preventricular,  right 
marginal,  posterior  interventricular, 
transverse. 

right,     of 

stomach.      See    Py- 
loric. 

Coronary,  superior. 

Facial. 

Upper  lip. 

Arteria  septum  narium. 

Of  the  corpus  caverno- 
sum. 

Dorsal     artery    of    the 
penis. 

Corpus  cavernosum. 

Costo-cervical. 

That   part   of   superior 
intercostal     between 
its    origin     and    first 
branch. 

Cremasteric. 

Deep  epigastric. 

Cremaster  muscle. 

Cremasteric. 

Spermatic. 

Cremastcr  muscle. 

Anastomoses    with   cremasteric    from 
deep  epigastric. 

Cremasteric.  Sec  Sper- 
matic, external. 

Crico-thyroid. 

See  Laryngeal,  inferior 

Crural,  see  Femoral. 

Cubital,  see  Ulnar. 

Cubital  recurrent,  an- 
terior.      See     ( 'Inar 
recurrent,  anterior. 

• 

Cubital  recurrent,  pos- 
terior.      See    Ulnar 
recurrent,  posterior. 

Cystic. 

Hepatic. 

Gall-bladder. 

Deferential. 

Superior  vesical. 

Vas  deferens. 

Dental,  anterior. 

Inti  ai  irbital. 

Incisor  and  canine  teeth,  and  mucous 
membrane  of  antrum. 

Dental,  inferior. 

See  Mandibular. 

Dental,    posterior    (or 
alveolar). 

Internal  maxillary. 

Antrum,  teeth,  gums,  and  cheek. 

Antral,  dental,  alveolar,  buccal. 

al,  superior. 

Posterior  dental. 

Molar  and  bicuspid  teeth  of  superior 
maxilla. 

Descending. 

External  circumflex. 

Muscles  of  thigh. 

Descending,      superfi- 
cial. 

External  carotid. 

Neck. 

tphragmatic. 

Thoracic  aorta. 

1  liaphragm. 

i   side  of  the  2d  and  3d,  4th  and 
5th  : 

Digital. 

External  plJntar. 
Superficial  palmar  arch. 

Digital,  palmar. 

Both    sides    of   little,    ring,    and    mid- 
dle fingei   and    ulnai    side  ol 
finger. 

Digital,   plantar.     See 
Communicating,    of 
dorsalis  pedis. 

ARTERIES  121  ARTERIES 

TABLE  «>|    ARTERI1  ntinued. 


Name. 

Origin, 

Disi  RIBI  1  ION.                                                  Branch. 

Digital,  superficial. 

liitri  nil  plantar. 

Toes. 

Diploic. 

Supraorbital. 

1  >iploe  "l  irontal  sinuses. 

Dorsal. 

Intercostal. 

Spine  and  muscles  of  throat. 

Spinal  and  muscular. 

Dorsal. 

Lumbar. 

Muscles  of  back. 

Dorsal,  interosseous. 

Radial. 

1  lontiguous  of  2d,  3d,  4th,  and  5th  toes. 

Dorsal  (of  penis). 

Termination  of  pudic. 

Penis. 

Dorsal  (scapular). 

Subscapular. 

Muscles  of  scapula  and  shoulder-joint. 

Infrascapular. 

Dorsal  of  tongue. 

Lingual. 

Dorsum   of   tongue,    tonsils,   and    epi- 
glottis. 

Dorsal    (12th).     See 
Subcostal. 

Dorsalis  hallucis. 

Continuation     of    dor- 
salis pedis 

t  and  second  toe. 

Dorsalis  indicis. 

Radial. 

Index  finger. 

Dorsalis  linguae. 

Lingual. 

Mucous  membrane  of  tongue,  pillars 
of  fauces  and  tonsils. 

Dorsalis  pedis. 

Contitiuation    of   ante- 
rior tibial. 

Assists  to  form  plantar  arch. 

Tarsal,    metatarsal,  dorsalis    hallucis, 
communicating. 

Dorsalis  pollicis. 

Radial. 

Thumb. 

Dorso-scapular. 

See  Scapular,  superior. 

Duodenal,       superior, 
right.    SeePa/wi  ra- 
tico-duodenal,    supe- 
rior. 

Duodeno-gastric. 

See  G astro-duodenal. 

Dural. 

See  Meningeal. 

Emulgent. 

See  Renal. 

Epicondyloid.         See 
Ulnar. 

Epididymal. 

Spermatic. 

Epididymis. 

Epigastric,     deep    (or 
inferior). 

External  iliac. 

Abdominal  wall. 

Cremasteric,  pubic,    muscular,    cuta- 
neous, terminal. 

Epigastric,  superficial. 

Common  femoral. 

Inguinal  glands,  skin,  superficial  fascia, 
and  abdominal  wall. 

Epigastric,  superior. 

Internal  mammary. 

Abdominal  wall  and  diaphragm,  liver 
and  peritoneum. 

Phrenic,  xiphoid,  cutaneous,  muscular, 
hepatic  and  peritoneal. 

Epiploic. 

Right   and   left  gastro- 
epiploic. 

Omentum. 

Epiploic.  SeeOmental. 

Esophageal. 

Gastric. 

Esophagus. 

Esophageal. 

Inferior  thyroid. 

Esophagus. 

Esophageal. 

Left  phrenic. 

Esophagus. 

Esophageal  (4  or  5). 

Thoracic  aorta. 

Esophagus. 

Esophageal,  inferior 

Coronary  (of  stomach). 

Esophagus. 

Ethmoidal,  anterior. 

Ophthalmic. 

Part  of  anterior  portion  of  brain,  nose, 
frontal  sinuses  and  skin  of  face. 

Ethmoidal,    meningeal,  nasal,   frontal, 
cutaneous. 

Ethmoidal,    posterior. 

Ophthalmic. 

Posterior  ethmoidal   cells,  dura  mater, 
nose. 

Ethmoidal,  meningeal,  nasal. 

Eustachian. 

Pterygo-palatine. 

Eustachian  tube. 

Facial. 

Third   branch  external 
carotid. 

Pharynx  and  face. 

Ascending,  or  inferior  palatine,  tonsil- 
lar, glandular,  muscular,  submental, 
masseteric,  buccal,    inferior    labial, 
inferior  and   superior  coronary,  lat- 
eralis nasi,  angular. 

Ak  1  ERIES  122  AkI  ERIES 

I  AIM  I    mi     V.RTERIES     -Continued. 


N  1MB.                                       C  IRICIN. 

DlSl  KIBI    HON. 

Branches. 

Facial,  trans\  i 

Temporal. 

Parotid   gland,  masseter   muscle,  skin 
of  face. 

Fallopian. 

an. 

Isthmus,  ampulla  and    fimbriated   ex- 
tremity of  fallopian  tube. 

Lower  pan  of  abdominal  wall,  upper 

pail  ol   thigh  and  genitalia. 

Femoral,  common. 

Continuation   of  exter- 
nal iliac. 

Superficial  epigastric,  superficial  cir- 
cumflex iliac,  superficial  external 
pudic,  deep  external  pudic,  pro- 
funda. 

Femoral,    dec;1      See 
Femoral,  profunda. 

Femoral,  profunda. 

Common  femoral. 

Muscles  of  thigh. 

External  circumflex,  internal  circum- 
flex and  three  perforating. 

Femoral,  superficial. 

Continuation     of  com- 
mon femoral. 

Muscles  of  thigh  and  knee-joint. 

Muscular,  saphenous,  anastomotic^ 
magna. 

Fibular,  superior. 

Anterior    or     posterior 
tibial  or  popliteal. 

Soleus  and   peroneus    tertius    muscles 
and  integument. 

Of  the  frenum  linguae. 

Sublingual. 

Frenum  ot  tongue. 

ital,  anterior. 

Anterior  cerebral. 

Inferior  frontal  convolutions. 

Frontal,  ascending. 

Middle  cerebral. 

Lower  part  of  ascending  frontal  con- 
volution. 

Frontal,  internal. 

Anterior  cerebral. 

Inferior  frontal  convolutions. 

Frontal,  middle. 

See  Medifrontal. 

Funicular. 

Superior  vesical. 

Round  ligament. 

Gasserian. 

Internal  carotid. 

Gasserian  ganglion. 

Gasserian. 

Middle  meningeal. 

Gasserian     ganglion,     and     Meckel's 

space. 

Gastric  (or  coronary). 

Celiac  axis. 

Stomach,  liver,  and  esophagus. 

Esophageal,  cardiac,  gastric,  and  hepa- 
tic. 

Gastric,     right.       See 
/  ro-ep  ip  loic, 

lit. 

'ro-duodenal. 

Hepatic. 

Stomach  and  duodenum. 

Right  gastro-epiploic  and  superior  pan- 
creatico-duodenal. 

Gastro-epiploic,  left. 

Splenic. 

Stomach  and  omentum. 

Gastro-epiploic,  ri^ht 

i  '.astro-duodenal. 

Stomach  and  omentum. 

Gastro-hepatic. 

See  Coronary,  of  slom- 
ach. 

i  Geniculate. 

Posterior  cerebral. 

Geniculate  convolution. 

ital. 

See  Pudic,  internal. 

Gingival.     See  Alveo- 
lar. 

Facial. 

ndular. 

Submaxillary  gland. 

i  se  r  i  an   (or  tym- 
panic). 

Internal  maxillary. 

Lining   membrane   of   tympanum    and 
laxator  tympani  muscle. 

Internal  iliac,  postei  i<  il 
division. 

Pelvic  and  glutei  muscles,  etc. 

Muscular,  superficial  and  deep. 

Gluteal,  deep. 

Gluteal. 

Deep    muscles    of    posterior    gluteal 
region. 

Gluteal,  inferior. 

Sciatic. 

Gluteus  maximus. 

Gluteal,  superficial. 

Gluteal. 

Gluteus  maximus  and  integument  ovei 

sacrum. 

Gluteal,  superior. 

Deep  gluteal. 
Inferior  dental. 

Muscles  adjacent. 
Lingual  nerve. 

Gustatory  (or  lingual). 

Guttural,    superior. 
See     Thyroid,    supe- 
rior. 

ARTERIES  123  ARTERIES 

1  AISLE  OF  ARTERIES.— Continued. 


Name. 

Origin. 

Distribution. 

Branches. 

Gutturo-maxillary.  See 
Maxillary,  internal. 

Helicine. 

The  arteries  found  in  cavernous  tissue, 
as  in  the  uterus,  ovary,  etc. 

Hemispheral. 

Inferior  cerebellar. 

Cortex  of  cerebellum. 

Hemispheral. 

Superior  cerebellar. 

Cortex  of  cerebellum. 

Hemorrhoidal,  inferior 
(or  external). 

Pudic. 

Sphincter  muscle,  levator  ani. 

Hemorrhoidal,     inter- 
nal. See  Hemorrhoi- 
dal, superior. 

Hemorrhoidal,  middle 
(rectal,  middle). 

Internal   iliac,  anterior 
division. 

Middle  part  of  rectum. 

Hemorrhoidal,     supe- 
rior. 

Inferior  mesenteric. 

Upper  part  of  rectum. 

Hepatic. 

Celiac  axis. 

Liver,    pancreas,  part    of    duodenum, 
and  stomach. 

Pancreatic,  sub-pyloric,  gastro-duode- 
nal,  right  and  left  terminal. 

Hepatic. 

Gastric. 

Left  lobe  of  liver. 

Hepatic. 

Right  phrenic. 

Liver. 

Hepatic. 

Superior  epigastric. 

Liver. 

Hepatic,  right. 

Hepatic. 

Liver  substance. 

Cystic. 

Humeral.    See  Brach- 
ial. 

Humeral,  thoracic. 

Acromio-thoracic. 

Pectoralis  major,  deltoid  and  adjacent 
integuments. 

Anastomoses  with  anterior  and  pos- 
terior circumflex. 

Humeral,    transverse. 
See  Suprascapular. 

- 

Hyaloid.     Central  ar- 
tery of  retina. 

Crystalline  lens. 

Hyoid.     See  Infra-hy- 
crid  and  Supra-hyoid. 

Hypogastric. 

Continuation    of   ante- 
rior branch  of  inter- 
nal iliac. 

Vesical    branches,   impervious    in    the 
adult. 

Ileo-colic. 

Superior  mesenteric. 

Cecum  and  adjacent  bowel. 

Iliac. 

Ilio-lumbar. 

Iliac  fossa  and  ilium. 

Iliac. 

Obturator. 

Ilium. 

Iliac,  circumflex  deep. 
See  Circumflex  iliac, 
deep. 

Iliac,    circumflex,    su- 
perficial. 

See     Circumflex    iliac, 
superficial. 

Iliac,  common. 

Terminal  branch  of  ab- 
dominal aorta. 

Peritoneum,  subperitoneal    fat,  ureter, 
and  terminates  in  external  and  inter- 
nal iliac. 

Peritoneal,  subperitoneal,  ureteric,  ex- 
ternal and  internal  iliac. 

Iliac,  external. 

Common  iliac. 

Lower  limb 

Deep  epigastric,  deep  circumflex  iliac, 
muscular,  and  continues  as  femoral. 

Iliac,  external,   small. 
See  Circumflex  iliac, 
external. 

Iliac,  internal. 

Common  iliac. 

Pelvic  and  generative  organs,  and  inner  Anterior  and  posterior  trunk, 
side  of  thigh. 

Iliac,  internal,  anterior 
trunk. 

Internal  iliac. 

Pelvic  and  generative  organs  and  thigh. 

Hypogastric,  superior  middle  and  vesi- 
cal, middle  hemorrhoidal,  uterine, 
vaginal,  obturator,  sciatic,  internal 
pudic. 

Iliac,    internal,   poste- 
rior trunk. 

Internal  iliac. 

Muscles  of  hip  and  sacrum. 

Ilio-lumbar,  lateral  sacral  and  gluteal. 

ARTERIES  124  ARTERIES 

I  .\i:i  1    O]     AR  fERIES.— Continued. 


N  VMI    . 

Origin. 

DiSTRim-  riON. 

Branches. 

Iliac,  p  r  i  tn 

/// 

Iliac,   primit'r 
Iliac,  comm 

llio-lumbar. 

Internal  iliac,  posterior 

ti  unk. 

Muscles  of  pelvis  and  pelvic  bones. 

Iliac  and  lumbar. 

Incisive. 

Mandibular. 

I  in  isor  teeth. 

Infracostal,  labial. 

Internal  mammary. 

Ribs. 

Infrahyoid. 

Superior  thyroid. 

Infrahyoid  bursa  and  thyro-hyoid  mus- 
cle. ' 

Infraorbital. 

Internal  maxillary. 
Dorsal  scapular. 

Upper  lip,  lower  eye-lid,  lachrymal  sac, 

side  ot  nose. 

Orbital,  anterior  dental,  nasal. 

lufrascapular. 

Subscapularis,  scapula,  and   shoulder- 
joint. 

Infraspinous  fossa. 

Infraspinous. 

Posterior  scapular. 

Infraspinous. 

Suprascapular. 

Infraspinous  fossa. 

Innominate. 

Arch  of  aorta. 

Right  side  of  head  and  right  arm. 

Right   common  carotid,   right  subcla- 
vian, occasionally  thyroidea  ima. 

Intercostal,  anterior. 

Internal  mammary. 

Intercostal  muscles,  ribs  (upper  5  or  6), 
arid  pectoralis  major. 

Intercostal,  anterioi 

Musculo-phrenic. 

Lower  5  or  6  intercostal  spaces. 

Intercostal,  aortic.     10 
pairs. 

Thoracic  aorta. 

Lower  intercostal  spaces. 

Dorsal,  intercostal  collateral,  pleural, 
muscular,   lateral  cutaneous,  mam- 
mary glandular. 

Intercostal,  fir--t . 

Superior  intercostal. 

First  intercostal  space. 

Intercostal,  superior. 

Subclavian. 

Neck  and  upper  part  of  thorax. 

Deep  cervical,  first   intercostal,  arte- 
ria  aberrans. 

Interlobular    (of     kid- 

Renal. 

Malpighian     bodies    and     uriniferous 
tubules. 

Int-                  anterior 

Interosseous  (common). 

Muscles  of  forearm. 

Interosseous,  common. 

Ulnar. 

Interosseous  membrane  and  deep  mus- 
cles of  the  forearm. 

Anterior  and  posterior  interosseous. 

Interosseous,  dorsal 

Metatarsal. 

Contiguous  sides  of  2d  and  3d,  and  4th 
and  5th  toes. 

Interosseous,  dorsal. 

Posterior  radial  carpal. 

Dorsal  aspect  of  fingers. 

Interosseous,     palmar 

Deep  palmar  arch. 

Interosseous   muscles,  bones,  and   2d, 
3d,  and  itli  lumhricales. 

Interosseous,  plantar. 

Plantar  arch. 

Toes. 

posterior 

Common  interosseous. 

Muscles,  back  of  forearm. 

Posterior  interosseous  recurrent. 

Interossi                   t  ^-ri  - 
or,    recurrent 
Radial 
posterior 

Interosseous,   recur- 
rent. 

Interosseous,  posterior. 

1  Ibow-joint. 

Interpeduncular. 

Posterior  cerebral. 

Posterior  perforated  space  and   lower 
part  of  peduncles. 

Interventricular, 

rior. 

Left  coronary. 

Both    ventricles    and    interventricular 

septum. 

Interventricular,    pos- 
terior. 

Right  coronary. 

Both    venti              ind    interventricular 
septum. 

Intestinal  (vasa  intes- 
t in i  tenuis).  12  to  16. 

:  mesenteric. 

Mesenter\  . 

Ischiadic.  See  Gluteal, 

inferior 

Labial,  inferior. 

Facial. 

les  and  integuments  of  lower  lip 

ARTERI]  S  125  ARI  ERIES 

TABLE  OF  ARTERIES. — Continued. 


Name. 

Origin. 

DlSI  I'll:'    1  ION. 

Branches. 

Labial,  superior. 

See  Coronary,  supei  tor. 

Lachrymal  (or orbital). 

Middle  meningeal. 

(  Uhlt 

Lachrymal. 

Nasal. 

1.1.  in  \  mal  sac. 

Lachrymal. 

Ophthalmic. 

Lachrymal  gland,  muscles  ol  eye  and  Recurrent  lachrymal,  muscular,  palpe- 
cheek,  and    upper  and    lower    eye-      bral,  malar,  ciliary. 

lids. 

Lachrymal,  recurrent. 

Lachrymal. 

Lachrymal  sac. 

Laryngeal,  inferior. 

Inferior  tin  1 

nx. 

Laryngeal,  inferior  (or 
crico-thyroid). 

Superior  thyroid. 

Crico-thyroid  membrane  and  larynx. 

Laryngeal,  internal. 
See    Laryngeal,  su- 
perior. 

Laryngeal,  superior. 

Superior  thyroid. 

Intrinsic    muscles  and    mucous   mem- 
brane of  lar\  11  \ 

Lenticular. 

Middle  cerebral. 

Lenticular  nucleus 

Leiiticulo-optic. 

Middle  cerebral. 

Posterior  part  internal  capsule  and  an- 
terior part  of  optic  thalamus. 

Lenticulo-striate. 

Middle  cerebral.              Lenticular  and  caudate  nuclei. 

Lenticulo-thalamic. 

Posterior  cerebral.           Posterior    extremity   of  lenticular   nu- 
cleus and  the  thalamus. 

Ligamentous. 

Ovarian. 

Round  ligament. 

Lingual.     See    Gusta- 
tory. 

Lingual. 

External  carotid. 

Tongue. 

Hyoid,  dorsalis  lingua;,  sublingual, 
ranine. 

Lingual. 

Mandibular. 

Lingual  nerve. 

Lumbar  (4  pairs). 

Abdominal  aorta. 

Bodies  and  ligaments  of  vertebra*,  lum-  Vertehral,  muscular,  dorsal,  renal 
bar   muscles,    and   capsules    of   kid- 
neys. 

Lumbar. 

Ilio-Iumbar. 

Psoas    muscle,    quadratus    lumborum, 
and  spinal  canal. 

Malar. 

Lachrymal. 

Temporal  fossa. 

Malleolar,  external. 

Anterior  tibial. 

External  portion  of  ankle. 

Malleolar,  internal. 

Anterior  tibial. 

Internal  portion  of  ankle. 

Malleolar,  internal. 

Posterior  tibial. 

Internal  malleolus. 

Mammary,      external. 
See  Thoracic,  long. 

Mammary  glandular. 

Dorsal  branch  of  aortic 
intercostal. 

Mammary  gland. 

Mammary,  internal. 

Subclavian. 

Structures  of  thorax. 

Superior  phrenic,  mediastinal  (or  thy- 
mic), pericardiac,  sternal,  anterior 
intercostals,  perforating,  lateral  in- 
fracostal, superior  epigastric,  inter- 
nal mammary. 

Mandibular. 

Internal  maxillary. 

Teeth  of  lower  jaw. 

Incisive  and  mental. 

Marginal. 

Left  coronary. 

Walls  of  ventricle. 

Marginal. 

Right  coronary 

Right  ventricle. 

Margino-frontal. 

Anterior  cerebral. 

Marginal  and  frontal  convolutions. 

Masseteric.                       Facial. 

Masseter. 

Masseteric.                       Internal  maxillary. 

Masseter. 

Masseteric. 

Temporal. 

Masseter. 

Mastoid. 

Occipital. 

Dura,    diploe,    walls    of   lateral   sinus, 
mastoid  cells. 

ARTKK11  -  L26  ARTERIES 

1  A  1,1  1    <  'I    A.R  fERIES.  -Continu 


N  \Mh. 

Origin. 

Distribution. 

Bran.  HES. 

Mastoid. 

Pi  >siei  ioi  auricular. 

Occipito  -  frontalis    muscle    (posterioi 
belly). 

Mastoid. 

Stylo-mastoid. 

Mastoid  eells  and  mastoid  antrum. 

M   stoid,  middle. 

\  diary,       external. 

Maxillary  ,  i  n  fe  r  i  or. 

- 

ciliary,  internal 

inal  carotid. 

Structures    indicated    by     names     of 
branches. 

Deep  auricular,  tympanic,  middle 
meningeal,  mandibular,  small  men- 
ingeal. 

illary,    internal 
>up). 

i  nal  i  arotid. 

Structures     indicated     by    names      of 
branches. 

Masseteric,  posterior  deep  temporal, 
internal  and  extei  nal  ptel  ygoid,  buc- 
cal, anterior  deep  temporal. 

:iary,   inter na  1  External  carotid. 
he  ii  o-raaxillary 
up). 

Structures     indicated      by    names    of 
branches. 

Posterior  dental   (or  alveolar),  infraor- 
bital, posterioi    <>i  descending)  pala- 
tine, vidian,  pterygopalatine,  nasal, 
or  spheno-palatine. 

Meatal. 

Stylo-mastoid. 

External  auditory  meatus. 

Median  (arteria  comes 
nervi  mediani). 

Anterior  interosseous. 

Median   nerve  and   superficial   palmar 
arch. 

Median     anterior    (of 
spinal  cord). 

Formed  by  union  of  the 

anterior   spinal   arte- 
ries. 

Spinal  cord. 

Mediastinal,    anterior 
(or  thymic). 

Internal  mammary. 

Connective  tissue,  fat  and  lymphatics, 
in  superior  and  anterior  mediastina, 
thymus  gland. 

Mediastinal,  posterior 
(several). 

Thoracic  aorta. 

Glands  and  loose  areolar  tissue  in  me- 
diastinum. 

licerebellar.               Cerebellar,  anterior,  in- 
ferior. 

Middle  cerebellar  crus. 

licerebral.        See 
Cerebral,  middle. 

Medichoroid. 

See  Choroid,  posterior 

Medidural,      See   Me- 
ningeal, middle. 

. 

i  frontal. 

Anterior  cerebral. 

Callosal    convolution   and   paracentral 
lobule. 

Medioptii    (or  median 
quadrigeminal) 

Posterior  cerebral. 

Peroneal. 

Posterior  tibial. 

Crus  cerebri  and  optic  lobes. 

lullary. 

Fibula. 

Ascending  and  descending. 

Medulla 

Tibia 

Medullary. 

Renal. 

lighian  pyramids. 

al. 

Ascending  pharynj 
Posterior  ethmoidal. 

Membranes  of  brain. 

Meningeal. 

Dura  mater. 

Meningeal,  anterior. 

Internal  carotid. 

Dura  mati 

Mi  ningeal,       inferior. 
Meningeal    ("/' 
nding     phai  yn- 

geal). 

M   ningeal,  middle  or 
great. 

Internal  maxillary. 

<  'ranium  and  dura  mater. 

Antei  ioi  and  posterior. 

Meningeal,  posterior. 

Occipital. 

Dura  mat 

Meningeal,  posterior.    Vertebral. 

Dura  mater. 

Meningeal,  small. 

Internal  maxillary. 

ganglion,  walls  of  cavernous 

sinus  and  dura  mater. 

ARTERIES  127 

TABU    "|    ARTERIES.— Continued. 


ARTERIES 


Name. 

Origin. 

Distribution. 

Bkanchks 

Mental. 

Facial. 

Muscli       f  chin  and  lower  lip. 

Mental. 

Mandibular. 

Mi ,i  chin  and  under  lip.                Lingual  and  mylo-hyoidean. 

Mesenteric    accedens, 
praecipua.    See  Mes- 
enteric, superior. 

Mesenteric,  inferior. 

Abdominal  aorta. 

Lower  half  of  large  intestine. 

Left  colic,  sigmoid,  superior  hemor- 
rhoidal. 

Mesenteric,  middle. 

Common     iliac     (occa- 
sional branch). 

Transverse  and  descending  colon. 

Mesenteric,  superior. 

Abdominal  aorta. 

Whole  of  small   intestine    and    upper 
half  of  large. 

Inferior  pancreatico-duodenal,  middle 
right   and   ilio-colic,   vasa   intestina 

tenuis. 

Meso-lobar.  See  Cere- 
bral, ante*  ioi . 

Metacarpal  (ist  dorsal 
interosseous). 

Radial. 

Sides  of  fingers  on  dorsal  aspect. 

Metatarsal. 

Dorsalis  pedis. 

Toes. 

Third  dorsal  interosseous. 

Middle     (of     corpora 
quadrigemina). 

Posterior  cerebral. 

Space    between    the     corpora    quadri- 
gemina. 

Muscular,  deep.     See 
Femoral,  deep. 

Musculo-phrenic. 

Internal  mammary. 

Diaphragm,  fifth  or  sixth  lower   inter-  Phrenic,  anterior  intercostals,  muscu- 
costal  spaces,  oblique  muscles  of  ab-     lar. 
domen. 

Mylo-hyoidean. 

Mental. 
Infraorbital. 

Mylo-hyoid  muscle. 

Nasal. 

Nose. 

Nasal. 

Ophthalmic. 

Lachrymal   sac    and     integuments    of  Lachrymal,  and  transverse  nasal, 
nose. 

Nasal. 

Spheno-palatine. 

Turbinated  bones,  lateral  walls  of  nose, 
ethmoidal   and    frontal    sinuses  and 
lining  membrane  of  antrum. 

Nasal,  anterior. 

Anterior  ethmoidal. 

Nose. 

Nasal,  lateral. 

Facial. 

Integuments,  muscles  and  cartilage  of 
nose. 

Nasal,     middle.       See 

.Vasal,  anterior. 

Nasal,  transverse. 

Nasal. 

Integuments  of  nose. 

Naso- palatine.      See 
Spheno-palaiine. 

Navel.   See  Umbilical 

Neubauer's. 

See  Thyroid,  deep. 

Nutrient. 

Brachial. 

Humerus. 

Nutrient. 

Interosseous,  anterior 

Radius. 

Nutrient. 

Interosseous,  anterior. 

Ulna. 

Nutrient. 

Middle  per  fo  rating 
branch     of   profunda 
femoris. 

Femur. 

Nutrient. 

Obturator. 

Ilium. 

Nutrient  (of  peroneal). 
See  Medullary. 

Nutrient. 

Posterior  tibial. 

Tibia. 

Nutrient. 

Suprascapular. 

Clavicle. 

Obturator. 

Anterior  division,  inter- 
nal iliac. 

Pelvis  and  thigh. 

Iliac  (or  nutrient),  vesical,  pubic,  ex- 
ternal and  internal  pelvic 

Obturator,  external. 

Obturator. 

Muscles  about  obturator  foramen. 

ARTERIES  128  ARTERIES 

TABLE  OF  AKIT.KM  -       Continued. 


N  »  M  K. 

Origin. 

Distribution. 

Branches. 

Obturator,  internal. 

Obturator. 

Muscles  about  obturator  foramen. 

Occipital. 

Fourth    branch  of    ex- 
ternal carotid. 

Muscles  of  nuk,  and  scalp. 

Sterno-mastoid,  posterior  meningeal, 
auricular,  mastoid,  princeps  cervi- 
i  is.  communicating,  muscular,  ter- 
minal. 

Occipito-meningeal. 

Vertebral. 

Dura  mat<  i . 

Omental  (or  epiploic). 

Hepatic. 

Omentum. 

Omphalo-mesenteric. 

Primitive  aorta. 

Subsequently  becomes  the  umbilical. 

The  eye,  adjacent  structures,  portion  of 
face. 

Ophthalmic. 

Internal  carotid. 

Lachrymal,  supraorbital,  central  ar- 
tery of  retina,  musculai ,  c  ih. u  \  ,  pos- 
terior and  anterior  ethmoidal,  pal- 
pebral,  li  ontal,  nasal. 

Optic,  internal  and  an- 
terior. 

Posterior  communicat- 
ing. 

Optic  thalamus. 

Optic,  posterior,  inter 
ual. 

Posterior   communicat- 
ing or  posterior  cer- 
ebral. 

Optic  thalamus. 

Orbital.     See   Lachry- 
mal. 

Orbital  (three  or  four). 

Anterior  cerebral. 

First  frontal  convolution  and  olfactory 
bulb. 

Orbital. 

Infraorbital. 

Fat    of  orbit  ;   inferior  rectus  and    in- 
fei  ior  oblique  muscles. 

Orbital. 

Temporal. 

Orbicularis  palpebrarum  and  orbit. 

Orbito-frontal. 

Middle  cerebral. 

Inferior  frontal  convolutions. 

Ovarian. 

Abdominal  aorta. 

Ovary,  ureter,  fallopian  tube,  uterus. 

Ureteral,  fallopian,  uterine,  ligament- 
ous. 

Palatine. 

Ascending  pharyngeal. 
First  branch  of  facial. 

Soft  palate  and  its  muscles. 

Upper    part   of     pharynx,   palate   and 

tonsils. 

Palatine,        ascending 
(or  inferior). 

Palatine,  tonsillar. 

Palatine,  descending. 

Internal  maxillary. 

To  soft  and  hard  palate. 

Anterior  and  posterior 

Palatine,  inferior.    See 
Palatine,  ascending. 

Palatine,    posterior   or 
descending. 

Internal  maxillary. 

Hard  palate. 

Anterior  and  posterior. 

Palatine,  superior.  See 
Palatine  descending. 

Palato-maxillary. 

See  Palatine,   descend- 
ing. 

Palmar,  digital.      See 

Digital,  palmar. 

Palmar,    interosseous. 

See      Interosseous, 
palmar. 

Palmar  arch,  deep. 

Radial    and    communi- 
cating of  ulna. 

Palm  and  fingers. 

Princeps  pollicis,  radialis  indicis,  pal- 
mar interosseous  (3),  rei  in  nut  car- 
pal, posterior  perforating. 

Palmar  arch,   superfi- 
cial. 

Ulnar  and  superficialis 
volae. 

Palm  and  fingers. 

Digital  (4),  muscular,  cutaneous. 

Palpebral. 

Lachyrmal. 

lids  and  conjunctivae. 
Upper  eye-lid. 

Palpebral. 

Supraorbital. 

Ophthalmic. 

Ophthalmic. 

Palpebral,  external. 

lid. 

Conjunctiva,  lachrymal    sac,  caruncle 
and  lowei  lid. 

Palpebral,  inferior. 

Palpebral,  superior. 

Ophthalmic. 
Hepatic. 

Upper  eye-lid. 

Pancreatic. 

Pancreas. 

Pancreatic. 

Splenic. 

Pancreas. 

ARTERIES 


129 


ARTERIES 


•|  AB1  I     <  >F    Ak'l  ERIES.— Continued. 


Name. 

Origin. 

Distribution. 

Branchks. 

Pancreatico-duodenal, 
inferior. 

Superior  mesenteric. 

Pancreas  and  duodenum. 

» 

Pancreatico-duodenal, 
superior. 

Gastro-duodenal. 

Duodenum  and  pancreas. 

Parietal. 

Middle  cerebral. 

Inferior  and  ascending  parietal  convo- 
lutions. 

Parietal,  anterior. 

Middle  cerebral. 

Second  frontal  convolution. 

Parietal,  ascending. 

Middle  cerebral. 

ding    parietal    convolution    and 
superior  parietal  lobule. 

Parieto-sphenoidal. 

Middle  cerebral. 

Inferior  parietal  lobule,  angular  gyrus, 
cortex  of  sphenoidal  lobe. 

Parieto-temporal. 

Middle  cerebral. 

Convolutions  around  posterior  limb  of 
fissure  of  Sylvius. 

Parotid. 

Posterior  auricular. 

Parotid  gland. 

Parotid. 

Temporal. 

Parotid  gland. 

Parvidural.     See   Me- 
ningeal, small. 

Pectoral. 

Acromio-thoracic. 

Pectoral  muscles  and  mammary  gland. 

Pectoral. 

Anterior  circumflex. 

Pectoralis  major. 

Pedal.     See  Dorsal  of 

loot. 

Peduncular,  anterior. 

Posterior  cerebral. 

Internal  surface  of  peduncle. 

Peduncular,  external. 

Posterior,  communicat- 
ing. 

Peduncles  of  the  cerebellum. 

Peduncular,  internal. 

Posterior  cerebral. 

Internal  surface  of  peduncle. 

Of  the  penis,  perforat- 
ing.    See  A.,  of  the 
corpus  cavernosum. 

Perforans    stapedis 
(branch    of   internal 
carotid  or  stvlo-mas- 
toid). 

Tympanum. 

No  branches. 

Perforating  (or  poste- 
rior    communicat- 
ing), (3)- 

Deep  palmar  arch. 

Interosseous  spaces. 

Perforating. 

Middle  meningeal. 
Profunda  femoris. 

Sphenoid. 

Perforating. 

Hamstring  muscles. 

Perforating. 

Spheno-palatine. 
Submental. 

Ethmoidal  cells. 

Anastomoses  with  ethmoidal  arteries. 

Perforating. 

Mylo-hyoid. 

Perforating,     anterior 
(5  or  6). 

Internal  mammary. 

Pectoralis  major  and  integument,  and 

mammary  ^land. 

Perforating,  posterior. 

External  plantar. 

Dorsal  interosseous  muscles. 

Pericardiac. 

Internal  mammary. 

Anterior  surface  of  pericardium. 

Pericardiac. 

Right  and  left  phrenic. 
Thoracic  aorta. 

Pericardium. 

Pericardiac. 

Pericardium. 

Pericephalic.    See 
Carotid,  external. 

Perineal,  superficial. 

Pudic. 

Muscles  of  perineum  and  integuments 
of  scrotum. 

Transverse  perineal. 

Perineal,  transverse. 

Perineal,  superficial. 

Muscles  and  integuments  of  perineum. 

Perirenal  (or  capsular). 

Renal. 

Capsule  of  kidney  and  perirenal  fat. 

Peritoneal. 

Iliac,  common. 

Peritoneum. 

Peritoneal. 

Superior  epigastric. 

Peritoneum 

AU  fERIES 


130 


A.RTERIES 


fABLE  OF   ARTERIES.— Continued. 


N  (ME. 

Origin. 

1  >!^l  RIRUTH 

Branches. 

Peroneal. 

Posterior  tibial. 

Musi  les    and    integument  of  leg  and 
foot. 

Anterior  peroneal,  muscular,  medul- 
lary, communicating,  cutaneous,  ex- 
ternal  calcarieum,  terminal  (01  pos- 
tet  ior  peroneal). 

Peroneal,  anterior. 

Peroneal. 
Peron 

Peroneus  tertius  and  inlet  ior  tibiofibu- 
lar joint. 

-tenor. 

Extei  ti. il  malleolus  and  heel. 

Petrosal. 

Middle  meningeal. 
Pterygopalatine. 

Tympanum. 

Pharyngeal. 

Roof  of  pharynx. 

Phai 

Sphenopalatine. 

Roof  and  contiguous  portions  of  pha- 
rynx. 

geal. 

Vidian. 

Roof  cit  |>li.u  ynx. 

Pharyngeal,     ascend- 
ing. 

First    branch    external 
1  arotid. 

Pharynx,  soft  palate,  tympanum,  pos- 
tern.1   part  <>i  neck,  and  membranes 
of  brain. 

Prevertebral,  pharyngeal,  palatine, 
tympanic,  meningeal. 

Pharyngeal,    descend- 
ing- 

Spheno-palatine. 

Roof  of  mouth  and  of  pharynx. 

Pharyngeal,     inferior. 
al,  as- 
ting. 

Pharyngeal,   superior 
See    Pterygo-pala- 
tine. 

Phrenic. 

Ascending  cervical. 

Phrenic  nerve. 

Phrenic. 

Musculophrenic. 
Superior  epigastric . 

Diaphragm. 

Phrenic. 

Diaphragm. 

Phrenic,  inferior,  left. 

Aorta,  abdominal. 

Diaphragm   and    structures    indicated 
by  names  of  branches. 

Diaphragm    and     structures   indicated 
by  names  of  branches. 

Esophageal,  left  superior  suprarenal, 
splenic,  pericardiac,  terminal. 

Phrenic,     i  n  f  e  r  i  o  r 
ght. 

Aorta,  abdominal. 

Right  superior  suprarenal,  cava!, 
hepatic,  pericardiac,  and  terminal. 

Phrenic,   superior    (or 
conies    nervi     phre- 
nici). 

Internal  mammary. 

Pleura,  pericardium  and  diaphragm. 

Pituitary. 

Internal  carotid. 

Pituitary  body. 

Plantar  arch. 

External    plantar  art- 
ery. 

Anterior  part  of  foot  and  toes. 

Articular  and  plantar  digital. 

Plantar,  deep. 

Metatarsal. 

Assists  in  formation  of  plantar  arch. 

Third,  fourth,  and  fifth  toes,  and  outer 
side  of  second. 

Plantar,  digital  (4). 

Plantar   arch. 

Plantar,  external. 

External,  tibial. 

Sole  and  to 

ular.  calcaneal,  cutaneous,  anas- 
tomotic, posterior  perforating,  plan- 
tar arch. 

Plantar,  internal. 

Posterior  tibial. 

Inner  side  of  foot. 

Muscular,  cutaneous,  articular,  anas- 
tomotic, superficial  digital. 

Plantar,    interosseous. 
See      Interosseous, 
plantar. 

Plantar,       metatarsal. 
See      Interosseous, 
plantar. 

Plantar,  pollicar. 

Anterior   tibial,  or   ex- 
ternal plantar. 

Great  toe. 

Pleural. 

Intercostal. 

Pleura. 

Pontal. 

Basilar. 

Pons. 

Popliteal. 

Continuation  of  femo- 
ral. 

Knee  and  leg. 

Cutaneous,  muscular  (superior  and  in- 
ferior) or  sural,  articular,  superior 
and  inferior  external,  superior  and 
inferior  internal  and  ter- 
minal (anterior  and  posterior  tibial). 

AkTKkll  -  131  Akl  ERIES 

I  \lil.l.  (  >!•    ARTERIES.— Continu 


Name. 

Origin. 

I  Jl^l  RIBI    1  ION.                                                                  BRANCH! 

Post-cerebellar        See 

Cerebellar,  posterior. 

Post-cerebral. 

(  ,  i  ebral,  posterior. 

Post- choroid.  SeeClio- 
roid  Posterior. 

Post-c  omm  unicant. 
See  Communicating, 

posterior. 

Post-dural.     See  Men- 
ingeal, posterior. 

Postero-Iateral. 

Posterior  cerebral. 

Hind  part   of  optic  thalamus,  crus  and 

optic  lobes. 

Postero-median. 

Posterior  central 

Inner   pari   of    thalamus,  neighboring 
wall  ol  tliii d  ventricle. 

Post-frontal. 

Anterior  meningeal. 

Precuneus     and    part  of   occipital    fis- 
sure. 

Post-temporal. 

Posterior  cerebral. 

Basal  surface  of  occipital  lobe. 

Post-thalainic. 

Posterior  cerebral. 

Thalamus. 

Precerebellar.        See 
Cerebellar,  superior 

Precerebral.  See  Cere- 
b:  al,  anterior. 

Prechoroid.     See  Cho- 
roid,  anterior. 

Precommunicant  .  See 
Communicating,  an- 
terior. 

Predural.  See  Mening- 
eal, ante)  ior. 

Prefrontal. 

Anterior  cerebral. 

Mesal  and    convex    surfaces  of  super- 
frontal  and  part  of  medi-frontal  con- 
volutions. 

Preoptic    (or    anterior 
quadrigeminal). 

Posterior  cerebral. 

Optic  lobe. 

Preperforant. 

Anterior  cerebral. 

Caudate  nucleus 

Pretemporal. 

Posterior  cerebral. 

Uncinate  and  basal  surface  of  temporal 
lobe. 

Prethalamic. 

Posterior  communicat- 
ing 

Thalamus 

Preventricular  (2) 

Right   and  left  coron- 
aries. 

Walls  of  ventricle,  heart. 

Primitive,    See  Aorta, 

primitive. 

Princeps   cervicis 

Occipital. 

Muscles  of  neck. 

Superficial  and  deep. 

Princeps    hallucis. 

Communicating        (of 
dorsalis  pedis). 

First  and  second  toes. 

Princeps   pollicis. 

Radial. 

Thumb 

Profunda       (or     deep 
femoral). 

Femoral. 

[•high. 

External  and  internal  circumflex,  three 
perforating. 

Profunda,  inferior. 

Brachial. 

ps,  elbow-joint 

Profunda,  superior. 

Brachial. 

Humerus,  muscles  and  skin  of  arm. 

Ascending,  cutaneous,  articular,  nutri- 
ent, muscular. 

Pterygoid,  external. 

Internal  maxillary. 

External  pterygoid  muscle. 
Internal  pterygoid  muscle. 

Pterygoid,  internal. 

Internal  maxillary. 

Pterygo-palatine      (or 

pterygo-pharvngeal) 

Internal  maxillary. 

Pharynx,  Eustachian  tubes  and 

lal  cells. 

Pharyngeal,  Eustachian,  sphenoidal. 

ARTERIES  132  ARTERIES 

I  MM  i:  I  »l-    ARTERIES.— Continued. 


Name. 

Origin. 

Distribution. 

Branches. 

eal. 

•-pala- 
tine. 

I'u: 

.istric,  deep. 

Pubic  region. 

Pubic. 

Obturator. 

Pubic  region. 

Puii                   iry. 

Infei  ioi  vesical. 

large,  supplies  the    parts    nor- 
mally supplied  by  the  internal  pudic, 
i'ii  istaie. 

Pud                        .li,    deep, 

(or  infei  i< 

Femoral,  common. 

Skin  of  scrotum  (or  labia  in  female). 

Pudic,  external,  super- 
>upei  ioi  I. 

i  'ommon,  it  moral. 

Integument  above  pubes  and  external 
talia. 

Pudic,  internal. 

Iliac,   anterior  division 
of  internal  branch. 

Generative  organs. 

External  (oi  inferior)  hemorrhoidal, 
superficial  perineal,  muscular,  arter- 
ies of  bulb,  crus,  and  dorsal  of 
penis. 

Pulmonary. 

Right  venti 

Lungs. 

Right  and  left. 

11  ic,  inferior. 

Gastro-d  u  o  d  e  n  a  1    or 
right  gastro-epiploic. 

Pyloric  end  of  stomach. 

Pyloric,  superior. 

Hepatic 

Pyloric  end  of  stomach. 

Quadrate. 

Anterior  cerebral. 

Quadrate  convolution  of  brain. 

Quadrigeminal,    ante- 
rim.     See     J'reoptic. 

idrigeminal,      me- 
dian. See  Medioptic. 

Radial. 

Brachial. 

Forearm,  wrist,  hand. 

Radial  recurrent,  muscular,  anterior 
and  posterior  radial  carpal,  super- 
ficial volar,  metacarpal,  dorsalis 
pollicis,  dorsalis  indicis,  deep  pal- 
mar arch. 

Radial  carpal,  anterior 
and  posterior. 

Radial. 

Wrist  and  carpal  joints. 

Radial,  profunda. 

Superior    profunda    of 
arm. 

Back  of  ell 

Radial   recurrent,   an- 
ior. 

Radial. 

Elbow-joint  and  muscles  of  forearm. 

Radial   recurrent,  pos- 
terior 

Posterior     interosseous 
(forearm). 

Radial. 

w. 

Radialis  indicis. 

Index  finger. 

Radio-carpal,   palmar 
transv*  i 

Radial  carpal,  an- 
terior. 

Radio-  palmar.      See 
Volar,  superficial. 

Ranine. 

Lingual. 

nd    mucous    membrane    of 

mouth. 

tal.                             Lateral  sacral. 

Rectum. 

Rectal. 

Middle  sacral. 

Rei  turn. 

tal,    middle. 
Hem                  ',    mid- 
dle. 

Recurrent. 

Deep  palmar  arch. 

il  .joints. 

urrent,      posterior 
■  osseous 

Posterior  interosseous. 

Elbow. 

urrent,  radial.  See 
rent. 

Recurrent,    tibial,   an- 

•  r  and  posterior 

Anterior  tibial. 

Popliteus  and  ligaments  of  km 

Recurrent,   ulnar,   an-  Ulna. 
tenor  and  postei 

Elbow-joint  and  contiguous  structures 

ARTERIES  133  ARTE] 

TABLE  OF  ARTERIES.— Continued. 


Name. 

Origin. 

Distribution. 

Branches. 

Renal. 

Abdominal  aorta. 

Kidney. 

Inferior  suprarenal,  capsular  (or  peri- 
renal), ureteral. 

Rhachidian.     See 
Spinal. 

Sacra    media.       See 

Saa  al,  middle. 

Sacral,  lateral  (i  or  2). 

Internal  iliac,  posterior  Structures  about  sacrum, 
division. 

Spinal,  rectal,  muscular. 

Sacral,  middle. 

Continuation  of  aorta. 

Sacrum  and  coccyx. 

Saphenous  (occasional 
branch    of   common 
femoral). 

Accompanies     saphen- 
ous vein. 

Saphenous,  small. 

Popliteal  (occasional).     External  malleolus. 

Scapular,  dorsal. 

Subscapular.                      Muscles  of  infraspinous  fossa. 

Infrascapular. 

Scapular,  external. 

See  Acromial. 

Scapular,  inferior.  See 
Subscapular. 

Scapular,  internal.  See 
Subscapular. 

Scapular,  posterior. 

Continuation    of   trans- 
verse cervical. 

Muscles  of  scapular  region. 

Supra-spinous  and  infra-spinous,  sub- 
scapular, muscular. 

Scapular,     superficial. 

See  Suprascapular. 

Scapular,   superior. 
See  Suprascapular. 

Scapular,     transverse. 
See  Suprascapular. 

Scapulo-humeral.    See 
Circumflex,  posterior 

Sciatic. 

Internal   iliac,    anterior 
division. 

Pelvic    muscles    and    viscera,    and 
branches. 

• geal,  inferior  gluteal,  muscular, 
anastomotic,    articular,    cutan> 
comes  nervi  ischiadici,  vesical,  rec- 
tal, prostatic,  etc. 

Scrotal,  anterior. 

Inferior  external  pudic. 

Anterior  portion  of  scrotum. 

Scrotal,  posterior. 

Internal  pudic. 

Posterior  part  of  scrotum. 

Septal,  ascending. 

Spheno-palatine. 

Upper  part   of  mucous   membrane   of 

nasal  septum. 

Sigmoid. 

Inferior  mesenteric.         Sigmoid  flexure. 

Spermatic. 

Abdominal  aorta. 

Scrotum  and  testis. 

I  "ivteral,  cremasteric,  epididymal,  tes- 
ticular. 

Spermatic,  external. 

Deep  epigastric. 

Cremaster  muscle,  and  spermatic  cord. 

Sphenoidal. 

Middle  cerebral. 

Sphenoidal  lobe,  lower  part  of  cortex. 

Sphenoidal. 

Pterygo-palatine. 

Sphenoidal  cells. 

Sphenoidal. 

Spheno-palatine. 

Sphenoidal  cells. 

Spheno- palatine     (or 
naso-palatine). 

Internal  maxillary. 

Pharynx,  nose,  and  sphenoidal  cells. 

Pharyngeal,  sphenoidal,  nasal,  ascend- 
ing septal. 

Spheno-spinous       See 
Meningeal,  middle. 

Spinal. 

Ascending  cervical. 

Spinal  canal 

Spinal. 

Intercostals. 

Spinal  canal  and  spine. 

Spinal. 

Lateral  sacral.                   Spinal    membranes  and    muscles  and 
skin  over  sacrum. 

Spinal,  anterior. 

Vertebral.                           Spinal  cord. 

Spinal,  lateral. 

Vertebral.                           Vertebrae  and  spinal  canal. 

ARTERI1  S  134  A.R  I  I  KM  S 

r ABLE  01     \KI  ERIES.— Contint, 


Name. 

(  >Kli.IN. 

Vert* 

DlSI  K1BUTION. 

Bkan<  his. 

Spinal,  posterior. 

Spine. 

Splenic. 

MS. 

Spleen,    pancreas,    part    of    stomach, 
omentum. 

Small  and  large  pancreatic,  left  gastro- 
epiploic, vasa  brevia,  terminal 

nic 

Left  phrenic. 

Splenic. 

Spiel  11 

Stylo-mastoid 

Stapedius  muscle. 

phylini. 

See  Palatine,  post,' 
Internal  mammary. 

rial. 

Sternum  and  triangularis  sterni. 

'ill. 

Occipital. 

Sterno-mastoid  muscle. 

no -mastoid      i  <•  r  Superior  thyroid. 
middle  mastoid). 

Sterno-mastoid,  and  other  muscles  of 
neck. 

mastoid,    infe- 
rior. 

Suprascapular. 

Sterno-mastoid  muscle. 

mastoid. 

Posterior  auricular. 

Mastoid  cells,  tympanic  cavity,  etc. 

Meatal,  mastoid,  stapedic,  tympanic, 
vestibular,  terminal. 

rebellar. 

Basilar. 

Inferior  and  anterior  portion  of  cere- 
bellum. 

lavian. 

Right,    innominate. 
Left,  arch  of  aorta. 

Neck,  thorax,  arms,  brain,  meninges, 
etc. 

Vertebral,  thyroid  axis,  interna]  mam- 
mary, superior  intercostal. 

an. 

Suprascapular. 

Subclavius  muscle. 

Subclavian,   right.     A 
term    sometimes 
given    to    the    inno- 
minate. 

Subcostal  (or  12th  dor- 

Thoracic  aorta. 

Intercostal  space. 

Subdural.    See  Menin- 

(0/   ascending 
pha ' 

Subfrontal. 

Anterior  cerebral. 

Olfactory  groove. 

Sublingual. 

Lingual. 

Sublingual  gland,  side  of  tongue,  and 
floor  of  mouth. 

Artery  of  frenum. 

maxillary.       See 
mdular. 

Submental. 

Facial. 

Tissues  under  jaw. 

Muscular,  perforating,  cutaneous, 
mental. 

Suborbital.    See  Infra- 
orbital. 

Subsacral.  See  Sacral, 

lateral. 

Subscapular. 

Axillary. 
Posterior  scapular. 

Subscapulars,  teres  major,  latissimus 
dorsi,    serratus    magnus,    axillary 
glands. 

Dorsal  and  infrascapular. 

Subscapular. 

Subscapular  fossa. 
Subscapular  fossa. 

Subscapular. 

Suprascapular. 

Sup                  liar.     See 
'•liar,  superior. 

Supermaxillodental. 
Dental,  superior. 

■  rscapular.      See 
Suprascapular. 

Supra-acromial. 

Suprascapular. 

Acromial  region. 

Supra-dural. 

External  carotid. 

Meninges. 

Supra-hyoid  (or  hyoid) 

Lingual. 

Muscles  above  hyoid  bone. 

Supramaxillary.      See 
Dental,  superior. 

ARTERIES  L35  ,      ARTERIES 

I  "LBLE  OF    A  I;  I  ERIES.— Continued. 


Name. 

Origin. 

1  MSI  klBl'TION. 

Branches. 

Supraorbital. 

Ophthalmic. 

Orbit,  frontal  sinusi  s,  diploe  and  upper 
•lid. 

Periosteal,  muscular,  diploic,  troch- 
lear, palpebral. 

Supra-renal,  inferior. 

Renal. 

Supra-renal  body. 

Supra-renal,       middle 
(or  supra-renal). 

Aorta. 

Supra-renal  bodies. 

Supra-renal,  superior. 

Phrenic. 

Supra-renal  bodies. 

Suprascapular        (or 
transversalis      hum- 
eri). 

Thyroid  axis. 

Muscles  of  shoulder. 

Inferior  sterno-mastoid,  subclavian, 
nutrient,  supra-sternal,  acromial, 
articular,  subscapular,  supra-spinous 
and  infraspinous. 

Supraspinous. 

Posterior  scapular. 

Supraspinous  muscles  and  trapezius. 

Supraspinous. 

Suprascapular. 

Supraspinatus  muscle. 

Suprasternal. 

Suprascapular. 

Skin  of  upper  part  of  chest. 

Sural  (or  muscular). 

Popliteal. 

Muscles  of  popliteal  space  and  calf. 

Tarsal,  external    and 
internal. 

Dorsalis  pedis. 

Skin  and  joints,  etc.,  of  foot. 

Temporal. 

External  carotid. 

Forehead,    parotid    gland,    masseter, 
ear. 

Parotid ,  articular,  masseteric,  anterior 
auricular,  transverse  facial,  middle, 
temporal,  and  anterior  and  posterior 
terminal. 

Temporal. 

Posterior  cerebral. 

Inferior  part  of  temporal  lobe  of  brain. 

Temporal,    deep,    an- 
terior. 

Internal  maxillary. 

Anterior  part  of  temporal  fossa. 

Temporal,    deep,    ex- 
ternal.    See    Tem- 
poral,    deep,     ante- 
rior. 

Temporal,     deep,     in- 
ternal. 

See     Temporal,     deep, 
posterior. 

Temporal,  deep,  post- 
erior. 

Internal     maxillary, 
pterygoid  portion. 

Temporal  fossa. 

Temporal,  frontal.  See 
Temporal,  anterior. 

Temporal,  middle. 

Temporal. 

Squamous  portion  temporal  lobe. 

Temporal,  posterior. 

Superficial  temporal. 

Side  of  head  and  vertex. 

Temporal,  superficial. 

See  Temporal. 

Temporo-occipital. 

Posterior  cerebral. 

Cuneus,  lingual,  convolution   and   ex- 
terior of  occipital  lobe. 

Termatic. 

Anterior  communicat- 
ing. 

Cinerea  and  callosum. 

Testicular. 

Spermatic 

Testicle. 

Testicular,  great.    See 
Spermatic,   internal. 

Testicular,  small.   See 
Spermatic,  external 

Thalamic,  middle. 

Posterior       communi- 
cating. 

Optic  thalamus. 

Thoracic,        acromial 
(thoracic  axis). 

Axillary. 

Muscles  of  shoulder,  arm,  and  chest. 

Acromial,  humeral,  pectoral,  clavic- 
ular. 

Thoracic,  alar. 

Axillary 

Axillary  glands. 

Thoracic   axis.     See 
Thoracic,  acromial. 

Thoracic,  external. 
See   Mammary,  ex- 
ternal. 

Thoracic,  inferior.  See 
Mammary,  external. 

ARTERIES  136  ARTERIES 

TABLE  "1     ARTERIES.— Continued. 


Name. 


Origin. 


1  M->  1  KIBUTION. 


Thoracic,  internal. 
See  Mammary,  inter- 
nal. 


Thoracic,  long  (exter- 
nal niammai 


Thoracic,     short     (or 
superior). 


Thoracic  twelfth.    See 

Subcostal. 


Thymic. 


Axillary. 


Axillary. 


Internal  mammary. 


Thymic 
tinal. 


Thyroid,  ascending 
See  Thyroid,  infe- 
rior. 


Thyroid  axis. 


Thyroid,  deep. 


Thyroid,  descending. 
See  Thyroid,  supe- 
rior 


Thyroid,  inferior. 


Subclavian. 


Arch  of  aorta,  innom- 
i  na t e  (occasional 
branch). 


Pectoral    muscles,   serratus     magnus, 
mammary  and  axillary  glands. 


Branches. 


Intercostal  muscles,  serratus  magnus 


Connective  tissue,  fat  and  lymphatics, 
or  mediastinum  and  thymus. 


Shoulder,  neck,  thorax,  spine,  cord. 


Thyroid  axis. 


Same  as  inferior  thyroid. 


Larynx,    esophagus    and    muscles    of 

neck. 


Thyroid,  middle.     S  e 
Thyroidea  ima 


Thyroid,  superior.  External  carotid. 


Thvroidea  ima 


Thyro-laryngeal. 
Tibial,  anterior. 


Innominate  (usually). 


Thyroid  superior. 


Tibial,  anterior,  recur- 
rent. 


Popliteal. 


Anterior  tibial. 


Tibial,  posterior. 


Popliteal. 


Tibial,    profunda     (of  Internal     plantar,     (in- 
foot).  nermost  branch). 


Omo-hyoid,   sterno-hyoid,     sterno-thy 
roid,  thyroid  gland. 


Thyroid  bodj . 


Larynx  and  thyroid  body. 


Leg. 


Tibialis  amicus  muscle. 


Leg,  heel  and  foot. 


Abductor  pollicis  muscle 


Tibial,  recurrent,  post- 
erior. 

Anterior  tibial. 

Tonsillar. 

Ascending  palatine. 

Tonsillar. 

Facial. 

Tracheal. 

Inferior  thyroid. 

Back  of  knee  joint. 


Tonsil  and  Eustachian  tube. 


Tonsil  and  root  of  tongue. 


Trachea. 


Trachc 
See 
rior. 


Transversalis  colli. 


Transversalis  humeri. 
See    Suprascapular. 


Thyroid  axis. 


Neck  and  scapular  region. 


Transverse. 


Inferior    thyroid,    suprascapular    and 
transverse  cervical. 


Muscular,  ascending  cervical,  esopha- 
geal, tracheal  and  inferior  laryrgeal. 


Hyoid,       sterno-mastoid,        superior 
laryngeal,  crico-thyroid. 


Posteriorand  anterior  tibial  recurrent, 
muscular,  internal  and  external  mal- 
leolar. 


Peroneal,  muscular,  medullar)',  cuta- 
neous, communicating,  malleolar, 
calcanean,  internal  and  external 
plantar. 


Unites  with  the  plantar  pollicar. 


Anastomoses  with  the  inferior  articu- 
lar arteries  of  knee. 


Superficial     cervical     and      posterior 
scapular. 


External  circumflex.       Muscles  of  upper  part  of  thigh. 


Transverse.     See  P,m- 
tal. 


Transverse. 


Right  coronary. 


Heart  muscle. 


ARTERIES 


137 


ARTERIES 


TABLE  OF  ART!  RIES.— Continued. 


Name. 

Origin. 

Distribution. 

Branches. 

Transverse     humeral. 
See  Suprascapular. 

Transverse  nasal. 

Nasal  (of  ophthalmic) 

Root  of  nose. 

Transverse  perineal. 

Superficial  pel  ii 

Muscles  and  integuments  of  perineum 
Triceps  muscle  (of  arm). 

Tricipual. 

Posterior  circumflex 

Tympanic.     See    67a- 
serian. 

Tympanic.                        Ascending  pharyngeal. 

Tympanum. 

Tympanic. 

Middle  meningeal. 

Tensor  tympani. 

Tympanic. 

Stylo-mastoid. 

Membrana  tympani. 

Tympanum 

Tympanic. 

Vidian. 

Ovarian. 

Brachial. 

Tubal. 

Fallopian  tube. 

Ulnar. 

Forearm,  wrist,  and  hand. 

Anterior  and  posterior  ulnar  recur- 
rent, common  interosseous,  muscu- 
lar, nutrient,  anterior  and  posterior 
ulnar  carpal,  palmar  arch. 

Ulnar  carpal,  anterior 
and  posterior. 

Ulnar. 

Carpal  region. 

Ulnar,  recurrent,  ante- 
rior and  posterior. 

Ulnar. 

Muscles  of  arm  and  elbow-joint. 

Ulno-carpal,  anterior. 

Ulnar. 

Muscles  of  hand. 

Umbilical. 

Hypogastric. 

Chorionic  villi. 

Uncinate. 

Posterior  cerebral. 

Un<  inate  convolution 

Uracheric. 

Superior  vesical. 

Urachus. 

Ureteral. 

Ovarian. 

Ureter. 

Ureteral. 

Renal. 

Ureter. 

Ureteral. 

Spermatic. 

Ureter. 

Ureteric. 

Common  iliac. 

Ureter. 

Ureteric,  inferior. 

Superior   vesical    (or 
uterine). 

Ureter  and  bladder. 

Ureteric,  middle. 

Of  aorta,  common  iliac, 
or  internal  spermatic 

Middle  part  of  ureter. 

Ureteric,  superior. 

Renal. 

Upper  part  of  ureter. 

Urethro-bulbar. 

See      Perineal,     trans- 
verse. 

L'terine. 

Internal    iliac,   anterior 
branch. 

Uterus. 

Cervical,  vaginal,  azygos. 

Uterine. 

Ovarian. 

Uterus. 

Utero-placental. 

Uterine. 

Gravid  uterus  and  placenta. 

Uveal.      See    Ciliary, 
posterior  and  short. 

Vaginal  (2  or  3). 

Internal    iliac,  anterior 
division. 

Vagina. 

Vaginal  azygos. 

Uterine. 

Vagina. 

Vasa  brevia. 

Splenic. 

Stomach. 

Vermiform,  inferior. 

Cerebellar,  posterior  in- 
ferior. 

Vermiform  process  of  cerebellum. 

Vermiform,  superior. 

Superior  cerebellar. 

Superior  vermiform  process  of  cerebel- 
lum. 

Vertebral. 

Subclavian. 

Neck  of  cerebrum. 

Lateral  spinal,  muscular,  anastomotic, 
posterior  meningeal,  posterior  and 
anterior  spinal,  posterior  cerebellar. 

ARTHROMENINGITIS  138  ARTICULATE 

1  Al:l  i:  OF    AR1  ERIES.— Continued. 


Name. 

Origin. 

I  MSTRIBI'TION. 

Branches. 

Vertebral,     posterior. 
See  aortcz , primitive 

Vesical,  inferior. 

Internal   iliac,  anterior 
division. 

Bladder,  prostate,  seminal  vesicles,  and 
vagina  (in  female). 

Bladder. 

Vesical,  middle. 

Superior  vesical. 

Internal    iliac,  anterior 
division. 

Vesical,  superior. 

Bladder. 

Deferential,  uracherii-,  ureteric,  mid- 
dle vesical  (occasionally). 

"-prostatic. 

Middle  hemorrhoidal. 

Prostate  and  seminal  vesicles. 

Vesico- vaginal.      See 
/  'agtnal. 

Vestibular. 

Internal  auditory. 

Membranous  labyrinth. 

libular. 

Stylo-mastoid. 

Vestibule  and  semicircular  canals. 

Vidian. 

Internal  maxillary. 

Roof  of  pharynx,  Eustachian  tube,  and 
tympanum. 

Pharyngeal,  Eustachian,  tympanic. 

Vitelline.       See    Om- 

phalo-mesenteric. 

Volar,  superficial. 

Radial. 

Ball  of  thumb. 

Enters  into  formation  of  superficial 
palmar  arch. 

Volar,   superior.     See 
/  'olar,  superficial. 

Xiphoid. 

Superior  epigastric. 

Ensiform  cartilage. 

omatico-orb  i  t  al . 
Orbital  {of  tem- 
poral). 

Arthromeningitis  [ar-thro-men-in-ji'-tis)  [apdpov,  a 
joint;  fjd/vcyl;,  membrane].     Synovitis. 

Arthromere  {ar'-thro  mtr)  [apdpov,  a  joint  ;  fiipoq,  a 
part].  In  biology,  one  of  the  rings  or  somites 
characteristic  of  the  articulated  invertebrates. 

Arthron  [arf-thron)  [apdpov,  a  joint].  A  joint;  espe- 
cially a  movable  joint. 

Arthronalgia  [ar-thron-al'-je-ah).     See  Arthralgia. 

Arthroncus   (ar-throt  .a   joint ;    by/cor, 

a  swelling].  I.  A  cartilaginous  body  such  as  occa- 
sionally forms  within  the  knee-joint.  2.  Swelling  of  a 
joint. 

Arthropathia  [ar-thro-pathf -e-ah).  See  Arthropathy. 
A.  Tabidorum.     See  Charcot's  Disease. 

Arthropathies  [ar-thro-pathf -iks)  [apdpov,  a  joint ; 
iradoc,  disease].      Disease  of  the  joints. 

Arthropathy  [ar-throp' -a-the)  [apdpov,  a  joint;  niBoq, 
disease].  I.  Any  joint  disease.  2.  A  peculiar  dis- 
ease of  the  joints  similar  to  rheumatoid  arthritis,  but, 
according  to  <  harcot,  a  distinct  disease.  It  belongs  to 
the  prodromal  stage  of  tabes,  rapidly  destroys  the 
joint,  is  painless,  without  fever  or  intlammation,  pre- 
fers the  large  joints,  and  i-  connected  with  hydrar- 
throsis and  swelling  of  the  joints. 

Arthrophlogosis     {ar-tht  '-sis)    [apdpov,    joint; 

o'/iynv,  to  burn].      Inflammation  of  a  joint. 

Arthrophragm     (ar' ' -thro-fram)      [apdpov,     a      joint  ; 
a,  a  fence].      Partitions  between  the  articulation- 
of  arthropods. 

Arthroplasty  (ar' ' -tkro-plas-te)  [apdpov,  a  joint  ; 
-/daaeiv,  to  form].      The  making  of  an  artificial  joint 

Arthropleure  (ar' ' -thro-pl&r)   [apdpov,  a  joint;    ~/ 
the  side].     One  of  the  pjeurites  or  lateral  pieces  com- 
ng  a  somite  of  an  arthropod 

Arthropodous  (ar-throfi' -o -du  <ov,  a  joint ;    ~ 

a  foot].      In  biology,  having  jointed  legs. 


Arthropyosis  (ar-thro-pi-o'-sis)  [apdpov,  a  joint;  Tntjovc, 
.suppuration].      Pus-formation  in  a  joint. 

Arthrosia  (ar-thro' -ze-ah\  [apdpov,  a  joint].  Painful 
inflammatory  or  other  affection  of  a  joint. 

Arthrosis  (ar-tliro'-sis)  [apdpoeiv,  to  fasten  by  a  joint]. 
Articulation  or  jointing. 

Arthrospore    (ar'-thro-spor)    [apdpov,  a   joint  ;    ct~ 
a  seed].      In    biology,  a  spore   formed    by  fission,   as 
opposed  to  an  oidospore. 

Arthrosterigma  (ar-thro-ster-ig> '-mah)  [apdpov,  a  joint  ; 
oTf/piypa,  a  support:  pi.,  Arthrosterigmata].  In  biol- 
ogy, a  jointed  sterigma,  as  in  many  lichens. 

Arthrostome  (ar' ' -thro-stom)  [apdpov,  a  join!  ;  arbfia,  a 
mouth].  I..  Agassiz's  name  for  the  mouth  of  articu- 
lates.     Compare  Actinostome. 

Arthrosyrinx  (ar-thro-sir' '-ingki)  [apdpov,  a  joint  ; 
ovptyi; ,  a  pipe] .      A  fistulous  opening  into  a  joint. 

Arthrotome  (or' '-thro-lorn)  [apdpov,  joint ;   T0[i6r,&  cut 
ting].       A    stout    knife    used    in    the    surgery    of    the 
joints. 

Arthrotomy  (ar-throf '-o-nte)  [apdpov,  a  joint  ;   ri/ 
to  cut].      Incision  of  a  joint. 

Arthrous  (ar,-t)irns\  [apdpov,  a  joint].  Pertaining  to  a 
joint  or  joints  ;  jointed 

Arthroxesis    (ar-throks' '-es-is)    [apdpov,  joint  ; 

scraping].     The  surgical  treatment  of  an  articular  sur 
face  by  scraping. 

Artiad  (ar'-te-ad)  [hprvoq,  even].  In  chemistry,  a  term 
used  to  designate  atoms  having  an  even  quantivalence, 
as  oxygen,  which  is  bivalent,  iron  quadrivalent,  and 
sulphur  hexivalent . 

Articular  (ar-tik' -u-lar)  [art\cularis,  of  the  joints]. 
Pertaining  to  an  articulation  or  joint. 

Articulate  {ar-tik'  u-lat)  [articulare  to  divide  in  joint-]. 
Divided  into  joint-,  distinct.  A.  Speech,  the  com- 
munication of  ideas  by  spoken  words. 


ARTICULATION 


139 


ARTIFICIAL 


Articulation  \ar-tik  u-ld -shun)  [articultts,  a  joint],   i. 
A  joint  or  arthrosis;    a  connection   between    two  or 
more    bones,    whether    allowing    movement    betw 
them  or  not.     The  articulations  are  divided   into:    (i) 
Synarthroses,  immovable,  subdivided  into  St  hindyleses, 
or  grooved  joints,  gomphoses,  in   sockets,  as  the  teeth, 
and  sutune,  as  in  the  bones  of  the  skull  ;    (2)  Diarth 
roses,  or  movable  joints,  subdivided  into  the  arthrodia, 
or   gliding  joints,  the  ginglymus,  or    hinge  like,  the 
enarthroscs,  or  ball-and-socket  joints;    (3)   Amphiar 
th roses,  or  those  of  a   mixed   type.      1.   The   enuncia- 
tion of  spoken  speech.     A.  of  Artificial  Teeth,  tin 
adjustment  and  arrangement  of  one  or  more  artificial 
teeth,  so   that  it,  or  they,  when   placed  in  the  mouth, 
shall   sustain   the   same  relationship  to  the  organs  with 
which  they  antagonize,  when   the  jaws  are   closed,   as 
the  natural  teeth  did  previous  to  their  loss.     A.,  Con- 
fluent, the  clipping  of  words,  or  running  together  of 
syllables — a  symptom  of  certain  cerebral  diseases.     A. 
of  Models.     See  Models  for  Artificial  Teeth,  Ant 
nixing.     A.  Positions.     See  Consonants.     A.  of  the 
Teeth.     See  Teeth,  Articulation  of. 

Articulator  [ar-tik'-u-la-tor)  \_articulus,  a  joint].  An 
instrument  used  in  mechanical  dentistry  for  holding 
the  models  in  position  while  the  artificial  teeth  are 
being  arranged  and  antagonized  upon  the  plates. 

Articuli  (ar-tik'-u-li').     See  Lenticula. 

Articulo  mortis,  In  (ar-tik'  -u-lo  mor'-tis)  [L.].  At  the 
moment  of  death.      In  the  act  of  dying. 

Artifact  (ar'-te-fict)  [arte,  by  art;  factum,  made].  In 
microscopy  and  histology,  a  structure  that  has  been 
produced  by  mechanical,  chemical,  or  other  artificial 
means ;  a  structure  or  tissue  that  has  been  changed 
from  its  natural  state. 

Artificial  (ar-te-fish'-al)  \artificialis\.  Made  or  imitated 
by  art.  A.  Anus,  an  opening  in  the  abdomen  to  give 
exit  to  the  feces ;  an  opening  made  in  case  of 
imperforate  anus.  A.  Crowns,  porcelain  crowns  of 
teeth  designed  to  be  united  to  the  roots  of  natural 
teeth ;  what  is  commonly  called  by  the  misnomer 
"  pivot  tooth.''  A.  Dentine,  a  preparation  composed 
of  pure  gutta-percha,  while  in  a  softened  state,  mixed 
with  mineral  substances,  and  used  for  temporary  fill- 
ings. See  Temporary  Stopping.  A.  Eye,  a  film  of 
glass,  celluloid,  rubber,  etc.,  made  in  imitation  of  the 
front  part  of  the  globe  of  the  eye  and  worn  in  the 
socket  or  over  a  blind  eye  for  cosmetic  reasons.  A. 
Feeding,  the  feeding  of  an  infant  by  other  means 
than  mother's  milk.  Various  mixtures  and  foods  are 
to  be  had,  such  as  Meigs's,  RotcKs,  Biedert's 
Mixtures,  etc. ,  q.  v.  See  Table  at  end  of  this  article. 
A.  Joint,  or  false  Joint,  the  non-united  ends 
of  a  broken  bone.  A.  Leech.  See  Leech.  A. 
Palate,  a  mechanical  contrivance  for  supplying  the 
loss  of  the  whole  or  a  portion  of  the  hard  or  soft 
palate,  or  both.  A.  Pupil,  removal  of  a  piece  of  the 
iris  (iridectomy,  iridod/alysis,  etc.),  to  allow  the  light 
to  pass  through  the  opening.  A.  Respiration,  the 
aeration  of  the  blood  by  artificial  means.  A  method 
of  inducing  the  normal  function  of  respiration  when 
from  any  cause  it  is  temporarily  in  abeyance,  a-  in 
asphyxia  neonatorum,  drowning,  etc.  Bain's  Method. 
a  modification  of  Sylvester-  method,  the  axilla  itself 
being  seized  so  that  the  traction  is  made  directly  upon 
the  pectoral  muscles.  Byrd,s\  t '/./..)  Method ;  the  physi- 
cian's hands  are  placed  under  the  middle  portion  of  the 
child's  back  with  their  ulnar  borders  in  contact  and  at 
right  angles  to  the  spine  With  the  thumbs  extended, 
the  two  extremities  of  the  trunk  are  carried  forward  by 
gentle  but  firm  pressure,  so  that  they  form  an  angle  of 
45  degrees  with  each  other  in  the  diaphragmatic  region. 
Then  the  an<rle  is  reversed   by  carrying  backward  the 


shoulders  and  the  nates.    Dei  '       \d ;   the  infant  is 

grasped  in  the  left  hand,  allowing  the  neck  to  rest 
between  the  thumb  and  forefinger,  the  head  falling  far 
ovei  backward.  The  upper  portion  of  the  back 
-1  apul  e  rest  in  the  palm  ol  the  hand,  the  Other  thl 
fingers  being  inserted  in  the  axilla  of  the  babe'-  left 
arm,  raising  it  upward  and  outward.  Tin-  right  hand 
gra-ps  the  babe's  knees,  and  the  lower  portion  of  the 
body  is  depressed  to  favor  inspiration.  The  move- 
ment is  rever-ed  to  favor  expiration,  the  head, 
shoulders,  and  chest  being  brought  forward  and  the 
thigh-  pressed  upon  tin  abdomen.  Forest's  Method; 
tin-  child  is  placed  on  its  face  and  quick,  violent  pres- 
sure i-  made  on  the  back  ;  then  it  is  placed  in  a 
pail  of  hot  water,  and  the  hands  carried  upward 
until  the  child  is  suspended  by  it-  arm-,  and  mouth- 
to-mouth  insufflation  is  practised;  the  arms  are  then 
lowered  and  the  body  doubled  forward  ;  these  move- 
ments are  repeated  at  the  rate  of  40  per  minute.  Hall' s 
Mthod ;  by  turning  the  body  alternately  upon  the  side 
or  face  to  compress  the  che.st,  and  then  upon  the 
back  to  allow  the  lungs  to  expand.  Howard'' s 
Method ;  by  pressure  upon  the  lower  rib-  every  few 
seconds.  Pacini's  Method;  for  resuscitating  asphyxi- 
ated infants.  The  child  lying  on  its  back,  the 
operator  stands  at  its  head,  and  grasps  the  axilla, 
pulling  the  shoulders  forward  and  upward  to  com- 
press the  thorax,  and  allowing  them  to  fall  in  order 
to  expand  the  chest.  Satterthicaitc  s  Method;  pres- 
sure upon  the  abdomen  alternating  with  relaxation  to 
allow  descent  of  the  diaphragm.  Schrceder's  Method; 
the  babe  while  in  a  bath  is  supported  by  the  opera- 
tor on  the  back,  its  head,  arm-,  and  pelvis  being 
allowed  to  fall  backward;  a  forceful  expiration  i- 
then  effected  by  bending  up  the  babe  over  its 
belly,  thereby  compressing  the  thorax.  Schult 
Method :  the  child  is  seized  from  behind  with  both 
hands,  by  the  shoulders,  in  such  a  way  that  the  right 
index  linger  of  the  operator  is  in  the  right  axilla  of  the 
child  from  behind  forward,  and  the  left  index  finger  in 
the  left  axilla,  the  thumbs  hanging  loosely  over  the 
clavicles.  The  other  three  linger-  hang  diagonally 
downward  along  the  back  of  the  thorax  The  opera- 
tor stand-  with  hi-  feet  apart  and  holds  the  chib  1 
above,  practically  hanging  on  the  index  fingers  in  the 
first  position,  with  the  feet  downward,  the  whole 
weight  re-ting  on  the  index  finger-  in  the  axillae,  the 
head  being  supported  by  the  ulnar  borders  of  the 
hands.  'This  is  the  first  inspiratory  position.  At  once 
the  operator  swings  the  child  gently  forward  and  up- 
ward. When  the  operator's  hands  are  somewhat  above 
the  horizontal  the  child  is  moved  gently,  so  that  the 
lower  end  of  the  body  falls  forward  toward  its  head. 
The  body  i-  not  thing  over,  but  moved  gently  until  the 
lower  end  rests  on  the  chest.  In  this  position  the 
chest  and  upper  end  of  the  abdomen  are  compressed 
tightly.  The  child's  thorax  rests  on  the  tips  of  the 
thumbs  of  the  operator.  As  a  result  of  this  forcible 
expiration  the  fluids  usually  pour  out  of  the  nose  and 
mouth  of  the  infant.  The  child  is  allowed  to  lest  in 
this  position  (the  first  expiratory  position)  about  om 
two  second-.  The  operator  gradually  lower-  his 
arms,  the  child's  body  bends  back,  and  he  again  holds 
the  infant  hanging  on  his  index  linger-  with  its  I 
downward;  this  is  the  second  inspiratory  position. 
These  movement-  are  repeated  15  to  20  time-  in  the 
minute.  Sylvester's  Method,  chiefly  by  movements  of 
the  arms.  This  method  is  valueless  in  asphyxia  neo- 
natorum, owing  to  non-development  of  the  pectoral 
muscles.  A.  Urticaria,  a  condition  much  resembling 
that  seen  in  the  autographic  skin  0.  7'.  A.  Vitre- 
ous.     See  Evisceration. 


AK  11  S 


140 


ASCHIST<  >I'.\i   I  V  LISM 


ARTIFICIAL   1  1  1  DING   "1    IM  AN  1- 

Table  i  rrm    ki ■  ..••  IRI 


- 
-- 

< 

Is  1  1  RVAL, 

(ii 

Ami 

Fo         r  Each 

F  1  1 

1  ..1  Al. 

Ami  '  n  1   in  24 
Hoi 

i-t  week, 

-■  hours. 

10 

I  oz. 

10  ozs. 

j.l  n>  .jtli  week.  .    .    . 

2 

9 

I  '.■  ■ 

I3JS" 

id  month,    .   . 

3 

6 

3        •' 

18   " 

3d  to  4U1  month,  .   . 

3      " 

6 

4         " 

24  '• 

4th  to  51I1  month,  .   . 

3       " 

6 

4-4H     " 

24-27    " 

6th  mon'h 

3 

6 

5        " 

30    " 

Slh  month,       .... 

3  " 

6 

6 

36    " 

10th  mouth,     .... 

3 

5 

8 

40    " 

Artus  .  Artus\     A  joint ;   a  limb;  the 

joints  collectively. 
Aryepiglottic    [ar-e-ep-e-glot'-ik).     Same    as    Aryteno- 

Arytenoepiglottic  |  ar-if -ten-o-ep-e-gloP -ill)  [iijiiraiva, 
a  pitcher;  eldog,  likeness;  kiri,  upon;  j/.wrr/c, 
glottis].  Relating  to  an  arytenoid  cartilage  and  to  the 
epiglottis  ;  as  the  aryteno-epiglottic  fold  (or  folds),  con- 
ting  of  a  fold  of  mucous  membrane  that  extends 
from  either  arytenoid  cartilage  to  the  epiglottis. 

Arytenoid  lar-i-te/-noid)  [apvraiva,  .1  pitcher;  eldog, 
likened].  Resembling  the  mouth  of  a  pitcher.  A. 
cartilages,  two  cartilages  of  the  larynx  regulating,  by 
the  means  of  the  attached  muscles,  the  tension  of  the 
vocal  cord-.  A.  Glands,  muciparous  gland- found  in 
large  numbers  along  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
aryteno-epiglottidean  fold  in  front  of  the  arytenoid 
cartilages.  A.  Muscle,  arises  from  the  posterior  sur- 
face of  one  arytenoid  cartilage  and  is  inserted  into  the 
corresponding  parts  of  the  other.  It  is  composed  of 
three  planes  of  fibers,  two  oblique  and  one  transverse. 
It  draw.-,  the  arytenoid  cartilages  together. 

Arythmia    ar-ith' '-me-ah).      See  Arrhythmia. 

Arythmic  [ar-ith' -mik).     See  Arrhythmic 

Asa  (a'-sah)  [Pers.,  dza,  mastic].  A  gum.  A.  dulcis, 
benzoin;   also  the  drug  called 

Asafetida  [as-a-felf -id-ah)  \asa,  gum;  fatida,  stink- 
ing]. A  resinous  gum  obtained  from  the  root  of 
Ferula  fatida-  and  /-.  scordosoma.  It  i-  somewhat  solu- 
ble in  alcohol  and  forms  an  emulsion  with  water.  Its 
properties  are  due  toallyl 'sulphid ',  l,II  10S.  It  is  a  power- 
ful antispasmodic,  stimulant,  and  expectorant,  and  is 
very  serviceable  in  hysteria  and  bronchial  affections. 
Dose  gr.  v— xx.  A.  tinct.,  strength  20  per  cent.  I 
~  5S— ij.  A.  emplastrum,  asafetida  35,  lead  plaster 
35,  galbanum  15,  yellow  wax  15,  alcohol  120  parts. 
A.,  Enema    B.  P.),  asafi  d  water.     A., 

Emulsum,  a  4  percent,  emulsion.  Dose  5SS— ^U1 
A.  et  magnesiae  mist.,  I  >ewees's  carminative,  magne- 
sium carb.  5,  tinct.  asafetida  7,  tinct.  opii  1,  sugar  IO, 
arp  de-t.  ad  loo  part-.     Dose   Z         ~,  A.  pilulae, 

contain   each   gr.   iij  of  asafetida   and    gr.   j 
Dose  j-iv.     A.  et  Aloes  pil.,  have  gr.  i';   o(  each 
ingredient.       A.   pil.   comp.    (B.    P.).      Galbani  pil. 
comp..  See  Galbanum.  Ammonia  v..  contains 

asafetida  \y2,\\<\.  amnionic-  fort.  2,  .-pirit  20  parts. 
Dose  3ss— j.     Unof. 

Asagrea,   or   Asagraea  \-a    dray,   an 

American  botanist].     A  genusof  melanthaceous  hi 
A.  officinalis.     See  Cebadilla. 


Asak  (as* -ok).     See  Saraea  indica. 

Asaphatum  U-um)  [Arab.].      An  old  name  for 

comedones. 

Asaphia  a,  indistinctness].     Indis- 

tinctness  of   utterance,  especially    that   due    to   cleft 

palate. 

Asaprol  . .'  ,   <  a  '  'I  I  '  ,,,!  1, .Si  ' ,  _..  jAq.      Cal 

cium  i-  naplnhol  -a -mono-  sulphonate,  a  substance 
readily  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol,  and  recommended 
.1-  an  antiseptic  in  5  per  cent,  solution.  It  is  also  used 
in  acute  articular  rheumatism  in  doses  of  from  15  to 
60  grain-. 

Asarabacca  [as-ar-ab-ak' '-ah)  [<i  priv.  ;  oeipa,  a  band  ; 
bacca,  a  berry].  The  plant  Asarum  europaum,  an 
errhin,  aperient,  and  emetic      Unof, 

Asarcia  [ah-sar/-se-ah)  [a  priv.  ;  adp§,  lle.-h].  Ema- 
ciation ;   leanness. 

Asarin  {as'-ar-in).     Same  as  Asarone. 

Asarkia  [ah-sar'-ke  ah).     See  Asar  in. 

Asarol  (as'-ar-dl)  \aaapov,  asarabacca;  oleum,  oil], 
C10H18O.     A  camphor-like  body  derived  from  asarum. 

Asarone    (as'-ar-on)   [aaapov,  asarabacca],    ^  .,,11 
Asarin.      The  solid  component  of  the  oil  from  *-/>  arum 
europaum.   It  forms  monoclinic  prisms,  melting  at  6l°, 
and    boils   at   2950.      It    has   an   aromatic    taste,    and 
smells  like  camphor. 

Asarum  [as'-ar-um)  \jinnpov,  asarabacca].  A  genus 
of  aristolochiaceous  plants.  A.  europaeum  has  diapb- 
orectic,  emetic,  purgative,  and  diuretic  qualities,  but 
is  now  little  used  ex<  ept  in  veterinary  practice.  A. 
canadense.  called  wild  ginger,  Canada  snakeroot, 
with  other  N.  American  species,  are  used  chiefly  in 
domestic  practice.  A.  canadense  is  a  fragrant,  aro- 
matic stimulant.  Dose  of  fid.  ext.  n\  xv-gss. 
Unof. 

Asbestos  (as-bes'-tos)  [do  \eorog,  unquenchable].  A 
mineral  more  or  less  flexible  and  fibrous.  It  is  used  in 
mechanical  dentistry,  mixed  with  plaster,  as  a  substi- 
tute for  sand,  to  form  the  investment  preparatory  to 
soldering.      In  surgery,  it  has  also  a  limited  use. 

Ascariasis  {as-kar-i'-as-is)  \_iiaK<ij>i^eiv,  to  jump].  The 
symptoms  produced  by  the  presence  of  ascarides  in 
the  gastrointestinal  canal. 

Ascaricide  (as-kar'-is-id)  \ascaris,  a  mite;  cadere,  to 
kill].      A  medicine  that  kills  ascarides. 

Ascarides  {as-kar'-id-iz).     See  Thread-iuorms. 

Ascaridiasis  {as-kar-id-i' '-as-is)  [aanapit^Eiv,  to  jump]. 
The  presence  of  ascarides  in  the  intestine. 

Ascaris  [as'-kar-h  1  [aonapiretv  to  jump  :  pi. ,  Ascarides]. 
A  genus  of  the  family  Ascarida.  Parasitical  worms 
inhabiting  the  bodies,  and  especially  the  intestines,  of 
most  animal-.  A.  lumbricis,  is  found  in  the  ox, 
hog  and  man.  It  inhabits  the  small  intestine,  especi- 
ally of  children.  A.  rhystax,  the  round-worm  of 
the  cat,  and  A.  alata  have  rarely  been  found  in 
man.  A.  vermicularis,  a  synonym  of  Oxyuris  ver- 
micularis.      See  Parasites.  Table  of. 

Ascending  (as-end'-ing)  [ascendere,  to  rise].  Taking 
an  upward  course  (a  pari  of  the  aorta,  and  colon,  and 
as  one  of  the  ven  1.     A.  Current,  in  electricity, 

one  going  from  the  periphery  to  a  nerve-center.  A. 
Metamorphosis.  Same  as  Anabolism.  A.  Para- 
lysis.    See  Paralysis. 

Ascherson's  Vesicles.  The  peculiar  small  globules 
forme. l  when  oil  and  an  albuminous  fluid  are  agit. ited 
together.      Formerly  thought  tobe  cells. 

Ascheturesis    (as-het-u-re'-sis)    [Itnyiror,    resistless; 
tyOVf,     urination].        An     uncontrollable     desire     to 
urinate;   irrepressible  urination. 

Aschistodactylism  1  as-kis-to-dak/-til-izm)[aoxiaTOSSm- 
cloven  ;  (Jd/crvAoc,  a  finger].  A  synonym  of  Syndacty- 
lism. 


ASCIA 


Ml 


ASEXUAL 


Ascia  {a'-se-ah  or  as,-ie-ah)  \ii  priv.  ;  oki&,  shadow]. 
Fascia  spiralis;  dolabra  currens ;  a  spiral  bam 
applied  without  reverses,  eai  h  turn  ol  which  overlap-- 
the  preceding  for  about  athird  of  its  width.  Dolabra 
repens,  is  thi  same  as  the  preceding,  in  which,  how- 
ever, the  spirals  are  formed  more  obliquely,  and  do 
not  overlap  each  other,  but  are  separated  by  a  gp 
or  less  interval. 

Ascidiuin  ■'    -urn)  [aaiudcov,  dim.  of  aoK6g,  a  wine- 

skin].    In  biology,  a  pitcher,  or  a  pitcher  shaped  organ, 
as  in  the  pitcher  plant  or  bladder  wort. 

Asciferous  [as-if'-er-us)  [d<r/«5c,  a  bladder  (spec,  a 
spore  case)  ;  ferre,  to  bear].     Producing  . 

Ascigerous  [as  '/'  er-us)  [ascus,  a  spore  ease;  gerere, 
to  bear].      Ascus  bearing. 

Ascites  [as-i'-Hz)  [aOKiryg,  a  kind  of  drops)  ;  from 
(lOKur,  a  bag].  An  abnormal  collection  oi  serous  fluid 
in  the  peritonea]  cavity  ;  dropsy  oi  the  pi  ritom  um.  It 
is  either  local  in  origin  or  a  part  of  a  general  dropsy. 
The  ascitic  fluid  is  usually  clear,  yellow,  coagulating  on 
standing,  and  if  renal  in  origin  contains  urea.  It  nun- 
be  turbid,  blood  stained,  and  contain  lymph-particles 
or  shreds.  There  is  a  uniform  enlargement  of  the  ab- 
domen, fluctuation,  percussion  dulness,  etc.  A.  adi- 
posus.  A  milks  appearance  of  ascitic  fluid  due  to  the 
presence  in  it  of  numerous  cells  that  have  undergone 
fatty  degeneration  and  solution.  It  is  seen  in  certain 
cases  of  cancer,  tuberculosis,  or  chronic  inflammation 
of  the  peritoneum.  A.  chylosus.  The  presence  of 
chyle  in  a  greater  or  less  decree  of  purity  in  ascitic 
fluid.      It  follows  rupture  of  the  chyle  duct. 

Ascitic,  Ascitical  [as-it'-ik,  as-it'-ik-al)  \aoiuT7]c,  a 
kind  of  dropsy].     Pertaining  to  or  affected  with  ascites 

Asclepiad  [as-kie' -pe-ad}  ['AGKfajTriadqg,  a  Greek  poet]. 
In  ancient  Greece,  any  priest  of  Asclepias  f^Escula- 
pius),of  the  family  or  class  that  claimed  descent  from 
that  hero  or  demigod.  The  Asclepiads  were  also 
physicians,  at  least  in  some  period  of  their  history. 

Asclepiadin  [as-kle-pV -ad-in)  [dff/cA77r«5c] .  A  bitter 
glucosid  obtainable  from  various  species  of  Asclepias. 
It  is  poisonous,  with  emetic,  purgative,  and  sudorific 
effects.      Unof. 

Asclepias  [as-kW-pe-as)  [d«7/cA^7rwc].  Pleurisy  Root. 
The  root  ol  Asclepias  tuberosa.  A  popular  remedy  in 
the  Southern  States  for  pleurisy.  A  powerful  diapho- 
retic and  a  moderate  emetic  and  cathartic.  The  in- 
fusion recommended  has  a  strength  of  5J  of  the 
powdered  root  to  %  xxxij  of  water.  Dose,  a  teacupful 
every  3  or  4  hours.  Also,  A.  curassavica.  lilood- 
flower,  an  herb  common  to  tropical  America  ;  astrin- 
gent, styptic,  and  anthelmintic  against  the  tapeworm. 
A  popular  remedy  tor  checking  capillary  hemorrhage. 
Dose  of  fid.  ext.  jj— ij  ;  of  the  drug,  gr.  xx-.xl. 
Unof.  Many  other  species  of  this  genus  have  active 
medicinal  qualities,  at  present  but  little  understood. 
A.,  Ext.,  Fid.,  the  fluid  extract.      Dose  3  i-ij. 

Asclepin  [as-kle1 '-pin)  \Ji(m'X7jK(6c~\.  1.  A  poisonous 
principle  obtainable  from  asclepiadin  by  the  separation 
of  glucose  from  the  latter.  It  is  a  heart  paralyzant, 
with  reputed  alterative,  purgative,  and  diaphoretic 
effects.  It  is  offensive  to  the  taste  and  smell.  Unof. 
2.  The  precipitate  from  a  tincture  oi  Asclepias  tuberosa  : 
alterative,-evacuant,  tonic,  sedative.  Dose  grs.  ij-iv. 
Unof. 

Ascocarp  [as'-ko-karp)  [dff/e<5c,  a  bag;  mpnbq,  fruit]. 
In  biology,  the  organ  that  in  Ascomycetes  and  Lichenes 
produces  ascospon--. 

Ascococcus  [as-ko-kok'-us)  [doToJc,  a  leather  bag; 
kSkkos,  a  kernel].  A  genus  of  the  family  of  Schizo- 
mycetes.  The  ascococci  are  microorganisms  made 
up  of  round  or  ovoid  cells ;  with  elements  united  in 
massive  colonies,  surrounded  by  tough,  thick,  gelatin- 


ous   envelops.      A.    Billrothii,     found    in    putr< 
meat;     its     natural    habitat     is    the    air;     zyn 
probably  not  pathogi  ria,  Tabl 

Ascogenous   {as  kof    n  u  bag;    ,    .■,•,  pro- 

ing].      In  biology,  producing  a 

Ascogonium    i  ne-um)  [dc/aSc,  abag;  yavbq, pro 

during].      In    biology,    the    1  female 

organ  of  the  mould  fungi.      It  is  formed  b  tine 

branches  given  oil  from  a  myi  elium  ;  an  archicarp,  or, 
generally,  an  imperfet  tly  developed  carpogonium. 

Ascomyceter  r)    [00116$,   a  bag;    ux 

mushroom].  In  biology,  a  group  of  fungi  including 
morchella,  helvella,  leotia,  etc.,  which  have  cup  shaped 
depressions,  lacunae,  and  sinuosities.  Aspergillus, 
penicillium,  and  oldium  belong  here. 

Ascophora    [as-koff'-o-rah)  [dff/ede,   a  bag;    <pepeiv,   to 

bear].     A  genus  oi  fungi.     A.  elegans,  a  vegetable 

iwth  occasional!)  found  in  the  ear;     bread-mould. 

A.    mucedo,    a    microscopic    fungus,    of    which    the 

mould  of  bread  is  an  example. 

Ascophore  [as* -ko-fbr)  [dir/c3c,  a  bag;  (pepetv,  to  bear]. 
The  spore-bearing  stage,  surface,  or  hyphae  of  a  fungus. 

Ascospore  [as'  -ko-spor)  [d<T«5c,  a  bag;    an  ed]. 

In  biology  a  spore  produced  by  or  in  an  a>cus. 

Ascus  {as* -kits)  [dcr/iof,  a  bag,  or  bladder].  In  biology, 
the  characteristic  spore  case  of  some  fungi  and 
lichens,  usually  consisting  of  a  single  terminal  cell 
containing  eight  spores. 

Ascyphous    (as^-if-us)   [d  priv.  ;  ,  a    cup].     In 

botany,  without  scyphi  or  cup-shaped  fruiting  organs, 
as  some  lichens. 

Asecretory  1  ak-se/-irel-o-re)[a  priv.;  .  -eparate]. 

I  >ry  ;   without  secretion. 

Asellus  [as-eV-us)  ['•■]•  An  old  name  for  the  cod. 
Olezim  fecinoris  aselli,  cod-liver  oil. 

Asemasia  [as-em-a1 '-ze-aA)  [d  priv.  ;   0  .a  signal- 

ing]. Absence  of  the  power  to  communicate  either 
by  signs  or  language. 

Asemia  \ah-sef -me-ah\  [d    priv.;     ofjfia,  a    sign].     In 
ability  to  form,  express,  or  understand  any  -ign.  token, 
or    symbol    of   thought    or    feeling,    whether    speech, 
writing  or  gesture. 

Asepsable  [ah-sep/sa-bl)  [«  priv. ;  oipl>t£,  putrefaction]. 
A  less  correct  form  of  the  word  Aseptizable. 

Asepsin  [ak-sep,-sin\.     See  Antisepsin. 

Asepsis  [ak-sej/sis)  [d  priv.  ;  ayireiv,  to  putrefy].  The 
condition  of  non-putrefaction  ;  absence  of  all  septic 
material  or  pathogenic  microorganism-. 

Aseptic  [ah-sep,-tik)  [d  priv.;  0  .  putrefaction]. 
Free  from  pathogenic  bacteria,  or  septic  matter.  The 
antiseptic  treatment  of  wound- .  including  aseptic  and 
antiseptic  dressings,  renders  the  wound  aseptic. 

Asepticism  (ak-sepf -tis-iztn)  [d  priv. ;  nr--  -  ptic]. 
The  doctrine  or  principles  of  aseptic  surgery. 

Asepticity    [ah-sep-tisJ -it-e)    [d  priv. ;        ~  tic]. 

Quality  of  being  aseptic. 

Asepticize  [ak-s  [d  priv.  ;   1   --    .  -  ptic].   To 

render  aseptic;  to  free  from  the  power  of  conveying 
septic  poison. 

Aseptin  [ah-sep/-tin  1  [d  priv.;  -  --  .  -eptic].  A  secret 
preparation  containing  boric  acid,  used  for  preserving 
articles  of  food. 

Aseptizable  [aA-sep/-tis-a-bl)  [a  priv.  ;  -  m  .  septic]. 
Susceptible  of  being  rendered  aseptic. 

Aseptol  [ak-sepf-tol)  [d  priv.  ;  ffj/n-njc,  septic],  < 
S04.  Sulphocarbolic  acid;  sozolic  acid.  A  reddish 
liquid,  with  an  odor  of  carbolic  acid,  recommended 
as  a  disinfectant  and  antiseptic.  It  is  used  externally 
1  :  1000),  and  internally  in  about  the  same  dose  as 
carbolic  acid. 

Asexual  [alt  '  il)  [d  priv.  ;  sexus,  sex].  With- 
out sex  ;  non-sexual. 


ASH 


1  12 


ASPIRATE 


Ash  '■'  I  S  txinus.     A.  manna. 

See  /  u       A.,  Poison.     Si       'hionanthus.    A., 

Prickly.     See  Xanthoxylutn. 

Asialia  [n  pri\  .  spittle].    1' 

or  failure  of  the  secretion  of  saliva. 

Asialorrhea  \.     Sami 

Asiatic  [Asia].     Pertaining  or  belonging 

to    Asia.     A.    Cholera.      See    c  A.    Pill,    a 

method  of  administering  arsenic  in  >kin  diseases.  The 
formula  is,arsenious  acid  gr.  ij  ;  black  pepper,  powdered 
licorice,  each  gr.  xxxij ;  mucilage  q.  -  M  et  ft.  pil. 
no.  xwii.    S.     «  ine  to  be  taken  t.  d.  after  meals. 

Asimina  1  .  ]        \  |    qus  of  trees.     A. 

triloba.  The  papaw  or  pawpaw  tree  ol  North 
America,  bearing  an  edible  fruit. 

Asiminin    (as-im' -in-in)    [asimina].     An  alkaloid  de 
rived  from  the  seeds  of  Asimina  it iloba.     h  bas  active 
medicinal  properties  but  is  not  much  used.      I  not". 

Asiti.;  [d  priv.  ;  alrog,  food].     The  want 

offood.      Also  a  loathing  foi  food. 

Asmegmatia    [ah-smeg-ma' -she-ah)    ['/priv.;   an, 
an  unguent].      1  deficiency  <>r  lack  of  smegma. 

Asomata  \ah-so' -mat-ah)  [a  priv.  ;  aufia,  body].  A 
of  omphalositic  monster  characterised  by  an 
absence  of  the  trunk.  The  head  is  never  well-formed, 
and  the  vessels  run  from  it  to  the  placenta  in  the 
membranes.  Beneath  the  head  is  a  sac  in  which 
rudiments  of  body  organs  may  be  found.  This  is  the 
rarest  form  of  omphalosites.  Also  called  Acardiacus 
rmus. 

Asomia  me-ah).      Si      Acormus. 

Aspalasoma  (as-pal-as-o1 '-man)  [dcjnWaf,  mole;  tsotfia, 
body].  A  variety  of  single  autositic  monsters  of  the 
•  elosoma,  in  which  there  is  a  lateral  or  median 
eventration  occupying  principally  the  lower  portion  of 
the  abdomen,  with  the  urinary  apparatus,  the  genital 
apparatus,  and  the  rectum  opening  externally  by  three 
distinct  orifices. 

Asparagin     (as-par* -ag-in)     [turn  asparagus], 

i  ,11. N.i  ell,1  •  An  alkaloid  isomeric  with  malamid. 
It  is  found  in  the  seeds  of  many  plants,  in  asparagus, 
beet  root,  peas  and  beans.  It  forms  shining,  four- 
sided,  rhombic  prisms,  readily  soluble  in  hot  water, 
but  not  in  alcohol  or  ether.  It  is  an  amid  of  aspartic 
acid,  and  forms  compounds  with  both  acids  and 
bases.  It  is  diuretic  and  sedative  to  the  circulation. 
I  lose  gr.  j-vj. 

Asparagus  (as-parf-ag  us)  [aanapayog,  asparagus]. 
The  green  root  of  Asparagus  officinalis,  a  mild 
diureti'        I  I    >e  of  lid.  ext.    JJss- j.      Unof. 

Aspartic  Acid  (as-par'-tik).     See  Acid. 

Asper-artery  (as/-per-ar/-ler-e)  [ar/eria  aspera,  rough 
artery]       The  trachea. 

Aspergilliform  /  -per-jil' '-if-orm)  [aspergere,  to  sprin- 
kle; forma,  shape].  In  biology,  shaped  like  the 
brush  u  sprinkle  holy  water;    a.-,  tin-  stigmas  of 

many  'j.r:\-- 

Aspergillus  (as-per-jil1 '-u  ';'''<',  t'>  scatter].      A 

nominal  genu-  of  fungi,  probably  containing  only  the 
conidial  form-*  of  Eurotium.  A.  auricularis,  a  fun- 
gus  found  in  the  wax  of  the  ear.  A.  fumigatus, 
found   in    the-  ear,  ni  lungs.      A.  glaucus,  the 

bluish     mould    found,  .    upon     dried     fruit.       A. 

mucoroides,  a  found  in  tuberculous  or  . 

m<>u>  lung  ti- 

Aspergillusmycosis     {as-per-jil'-us-mi-ko'-sis). 
O/i" 

Asperifoliate  mgh  ;  folium, 

a  leaf].  With  leavers  producing  a  sensation  ol  rough- 
ness when  handled. 

Aspermatia    (ah-sper-ma' -she-ah),    [d    priv.;     airi 
seed].     Aspermatism. 


Aspermatic   (ah-sper-ma/* -ii)  [<i  priv.  ;  o  seed]. 

Affected  with  or  relating  to  aspermatism. 

Aspermatism     [ah-sper/ -mat-izm)    [a    priv.;    a-. 
seed].      Non-emission   of    semen,   whether   owing  (■> 
non  m  or  non  ejaculation. 

Aspermous    (ah-sper1 '-mus)    [<t  priv.;    oirippa,    seed] 
\\  ithout  seed. 

Aspersion  (as-per/-zhun)  [aspersit  ,  to  sprin- 

kle]. Treatment  ol  diseasi  b)  sprinkling  with  a 
medicinal  agent,  or  by  dropping  a  medicine  slowly 
upon  tin'  bodj  or  pari  al 

Asperula  (as-per* -u-lah)  [I..].  A  genus  of  rubiaceous 
plants,  ot  which  the  European  woodruff  [A.  odorata) 
i-  an  example.  rhis  plant  is  a  fragrant  arom; 
rich  in  coumarin,  and  has  diaphoretic  and  astringent 
qualities.  The  Maitrank  or  Maiwein  of  the  '  iermans 
i.-  flavored  with  this  herb.      I  no! 

Asphalt  (as'-falf)  [aa^akrov, bitumen].    Bitumen  (</ 
Asphalt  is  now  scarcely  used  in  medicine,  but  a  varnish 
prepared  with  it  is  employed  in  making  cells   for  use 
in  microscopy. 

Asphyctic  (as -fik'-lik),  or  Asphyctous  (as-fikf-tu 
priv.;  not  ii<.  pulsation].     Affected  with  asphyxia 

Asphyxia  (a  1  '  ah)  [a  priv.;  (nprfjgic,  the  pulse]. 
The  effect  upon  the  body  of  the  non-oxygenation  of 
the  blood;  the  suspension  of  vital  phenomena  when 
the  lungs  are  deprived  of  air.  The  excess  ol  i  arbon 
dioxid  in  the  blood  at  first  stimulates,  then  paralyzes 
the  respiratory  center  of  the  medulla.  Artificial 
piration  is  therefore  required  in  cases  of  sudden  as 
phyxia.  Asphyxia  is  characterized  by  extreme  lividity 
of  the  features,  and  prominence  of  the  eyeballs,  with 
obstruction  to  respiration.  It  is  the  cause  of  death  in 
Suffocation,  drowning,  obstruction  of  the  larynx,  etc. 
A.  neonatorum,  the  inability  of  new-born  infant-  to 
begin  respiration  spontaneously,  or  to  continue  it. 

Asphyxiant  (as-Jiks'-e-anf)  [ooQvktoc,  pulseless],  i. 
Producing  asphyxia.  2.  An  agent  capable  of  produc- 
ing a-phyxia. 

Asphyxiate  (as-fiks* -e-at)  \h  priv.  ;  aoi^eir,  to  pulsate]. 
To  produce  or  cause  asphyxia;  to  suffocate,  or  to 
nearly  suffoi 

Aspic  (asf-pik)  [a  and  spic,  lavender  spike] .  The  great 
lavender,  or  spike  lavender,  Lavandula  spica.  Its  oil 
i>  at  present  used  in  veterinary  practice  and  occasionally 
in  liniment-.      Unof. 

Aspidium  (as-pid* -e-uni)  [L.  :  %en.  Aspidit\.  A  genus 
of  ferns',  known  as  shield  ferns.  There  are  man} 
recognized  species.  The  rhizome  of  Dryopteris  filix 
mas,  and  of  D.  marginalis  or  male  fern.  It-  proper 
ties  are  due  to  a  resin  containing  filicic  acid,  it  is  valu 
able  chiefly  a-  a  vermicide  against  tapeworm.  Dose 
3  ss—5ss.  A.,  Oleoresina,  an  ethereal  extract.  I  >ose 
3ss-j.     Ext.,  filicis  Liq.,  (B.  P.).     Dose  rT^xv-^j. 

Aspidosamin  (as-pid-os' '-am-in)  [aairiq,  a  shield; 
arreppa,  a  seed].  (  .11  ,.\,<'..  A  basic  principle, 
from  quebracho-bark.      Emetic.      Unof. 

Aspidosperma  (as-pid-o-sper'-mah)  \aomq,  a  shield; 
Gnepfia,  seed].  The  bark  of  Aspidosperma  quebracho- 
bianco.  A.,  Ext.,  Fid.,  an  alcoholic  preparation. 
Dose  ,^j. 

Aspidospermatin      (oi  pid-o-  per'  »/<//  in)      [a 

shield  ;  antppa,  seed],  A  basic  substance,  from  que- 
bracho  bark,  said  to  be  isomeric  with  aspidosamin  and 
to  di  press  the  temperature  whi  n  administered.     I  nol 

Aspidospermin  rf-mih)     [iin-ic,   shield; 

•  airepfia,   seed],  <   .M(1\i'        \n    alkaloid  extra 
from    Quebracho,  q.v.  (Aspidosperma   quebracho).      It 
has  the  general  effect- <t  quebracho.      I  nof. 

Aspirate  [ad,    to;     spirare,   to    breathe]. 

An)  consonant  sound  that  is  aspirated  or  pronounced 
with  a  rough  breathing.  nits. 


ASPIR  \  i  n  i.\ 


143 


AS!  I  IMA 


Aspiration  <  as  pir-a'  -shun)  [ad,  to;  pirare,  to 
breathe].  Used  as  a  synonym  ol  inspiration,  also  ol 
imbibition.  The  act  of  using  the  aspirator.  A  method 
of  withdrawing  the  fluids  and  from  a  wound, oi 

gan  or  cavity.  A.  of  Cataract  Extraction. 
Extraction  of  Cataract,  Suction  Method.  A.  Theory 
(of  Weber  and  Hasneri,  the  theory  that  accounts 
for  the  transmission  ol  tears  into  the  nose  by  -ii'  tion 
into  the  lachrymal  sac  through  the  rarefaction  of  the 
air  in  the  nose  during  inspiration. 

Aspirator  (as/-pir-a-tor)  [ad,  to;  spirare,  to  breathe]. 
An  instrument  for  withdrawing  the  contents  of  an 
abscess,  tumor,  etc. ,  without  the  admission  of  air. 

Asplenium  [ah-sple/-ne-um)  [d  priv.  ;  1-/1,1.  spleen  ;  a 
plant  of  this  name  was  once  thought  to  destroy  the 
spleen].  A  genus  of  ferns  called  spleen-wort-,  or 
miltwastes.  A.  ceterach  and  A.  filix-femina  foi 
merly  had  a  great  repute  as  medicines,  but  are  now- 
little  used.      Unof. 

Asporogenic  (ah-spor-o-jen'-ih)  [d  priv,  ;   oiropa,  • 
}M7/r,    producing].      Not    reproducing    by  means    of 
spores;  not  producing  spores. 

Assafetida  [as-a-fet'-id-ah).     See  Asafetida. 

Assalini's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Assault  [as-awltf)  [assalire,  to  assail].  An  attack.  A., 
Criminal,  in  medical  jurisprudence,  the  touching  or 
attempting  to  touch,  on  the  part  of  a  male,  any  of 
the  sexual  organs  (the  breasts  included)  of  a  female, 
against  her  will,  even  though  they  be  covered  by 
clothing. 

Assibilation  (as-ib-il-a'-shun)  [assibilare,  to  whisper 
to].  The  utterance  of  sounds  with  a  sibilant  or  hiss- 
ing quality. 

Assideration  [as-id-er-a' -shun)  [ad,  intensive ;  sidera- 
tio,  an  evil  influence].  In  forensic  medicine,  infanti- 
cide by  immersing  in  ice-water. 

Assimilable  [as-imf -il-a-bt)  [assimulare,  to  make  like]. 
Capable  of  being  assimilated  ;   nutrition-. 

Assimilation  [as-im-il-a'-shun)  [assimulare,  to  make 
like].  The  process  of  transforming  food  into  such  a 
nutrient  condition  that  it  is  taken  up  by  the  circula- 
tory system,  to  form  an  integral  part  of  the  economy; 
synthetic  or  constructive  metabolism  ;  anabolism.  In 
biology,  the  formation  of  carbohydrate  from  water  and 
carbon  dioxid  by  the  agency  of  chlorophvll.  A., 
Mental,  the  mental  reception  of  impressions  and  their 
assignment  by  the  consciousness  to  their  proper  place. 
A.,  Primary,  that  concerned  in  the  conversion  of  food 
into  chyle  and  blood.  A.,  Secondary,  that  relating 
to  the  formation  of  the  organized  tissues  of  the  bod}-. 

Associated  uis-o'-se-a-ted)  [associatus, united] .  foined. 
A.  Antagonist.  See  Antagonist.  A.  Movements, 
coincident  or  consensual  movements  of  other  muscles 
than  the  leading  one,  and  which  by  habit  or  unity  of 
purpose  are  involuntarily  connected  with  its  action. 
Both  eyeballs  move  alike  in  reading,  though  one  ! 
blind  eye.  Movement  of  the  normal  arm  will  some- 
times produce  slight  motion  of  the  opposite  paralyzed 
arm.  Uniformity  of  innervation  is  usually  the  cause 
of  these  movements.  A.  Paralysis,  a  common  para 
lysis  of  associated  muscles. 

Assurgent  {as-er'-jcnt\.     See  Ascending. 

Assurin  [asf-u-rin),  C46H!MN2P209.  A  name  given 
by  Thudichum  to  a  complex  substance  occurring  in 
brain  tissue,  classed  as  a  di-nitrogenized  diphosphatid. 

Astacolith     (as-tak1 '-o-lith)    [dora/coc,  a   lobster;    I 
a  stone].      A  concretion   obtainable   from  the  stomach 
of  a  European  craw-fish,  Astacusfluviatilis,^x\A  often 
gathered  from  brook-.      These  are  called  Crabs'  I 
and  Eye-stones,  </.  z\ 

Astasia  (as-ta' -se-ah)  [a  priv.  ;  oraaig,  standing]. 
Motor  incoordination  for  standing.      S  ia.      A. 


Abasia,  a  symptom  consisting  in  inability  to  stand 
or  walk  in  a  normal  manner. 

Asteatodes  (as-te-at-o/ -dlz)  [a  priv.;  areap,  tallow; 
fodris,  fullness].  Deficient  in  the  secretion  of  the 
sebai  eous  glands. 

Asteatosis  (as-te-al-o'-sis)  [a  priv.  ;  r-  ,,,,,  tallow  ; 
Atir/g,  fullness],  i.  A  deficiency  or  absence  of  the 
sebaceous  secretion.  2.  Any  .-kin  disease  (as 
derma;  characterized  by  scantiness  or  lack  of  the 
sebaceous  secretion.  A.  cutis,  a  condition  of  di 
mini-lied  sebaceous  secretion,  as  the  result  of  which 
the  skin  becomes  dry,  scaly,  and  often  fissured. 

Aster  [as'-ter)  \a  ter,  a  star].     I.  An  exi  genus 

of   composite   (lowered    plants,   mainly   N.    American. 
A.   cordifolius   is  a  nervin  and  antispasmodic.     A. 
pumiceus  is  stimulant  and  diuretic.      Unof.      2. 
Karyok  /other-star,   D  .   Amphiaster,  and 

Cyta 

Asterion  (as-te' '-re-on  1 .     See  Craniometrical  Points. 

Asternal    [ah-stet^-nal)  [a  priv.  ;    aripvoi;   the    bi 
bone].     Not  connected  with  the  sternum.     A.  Ribs, 
the  live  lower  pair-,  because  not  joined  directly  to   the 
num. 

Asternia  (ah-sler'-ne-ah)  [a  priv.;  art  niav,  the  breast- 
bone].    Absence  of  the  sternum. 

Asteroid    [as'-ter-oid)   [acri/p,    a   star;     eZcfoc,    re-em 
blance].      I.    Shaped  like  a  star.     2.    In  biology,  with 
radiate  lobes. 

Asthenia    (as-the'-ne-ah,    or   as-then-i* -ah)    [■  xfl 

a  priv.;  adtvoc.,  strength].  General  loss  or  absence 
of  strength  ;   adynamia. 

Asthenic  (as-then* -ik)  [a  priv.;  aQkvoq,  strength]. 
<  lharacterized  by  asthenia. 

Asthenometer    [as-then-om' -et-er)   [do  want    of 

strength;  fikrpov,  a  measure] .  An  instrument  for  de- 
tecting and  measuring  asthenia;  especially,  a  device 
for  measuring  muscular  asthenopia. 

Asthenopia  [as-then-o* '-pe-ah)[a  priv. ;  uQevoq,  strength  ; 
wi/>,  eye].  Weakness,  speedy  fatigue  of  the  ocular 
muscles  or  visual  powers,  due  to  errors  of  refraction, 
insufficiency,  over  use,  anemia,  etc.  A.,  Accommo- 
dative, due  to  hyperopia,  astigmatism,  or  a  combina- 
tion of  the  two,  producing  strain  of  the  ciliary  muscle. 
A.,  Muscular,  due  to  weakness,  incoordination  fhet- 
erophoria),  or  strain  of  the  external  ocular  must 
A.,  Retinal,  or  Nervous,  a  rare  variety,  caused  by 
retinal  hyperesthesia,  anesthesia,  or  other  abnormality, 
or  by  general  nervous  affections. 

Asthenopic  [as-tken-op/ -ik)  [a  priv.  ;  aBivog,  strength  ; 
c>ip,  eye].     Characterized  by  asthenopia. 

Asthma  \az/-mah)  [aodpa,  panting].  Paroxysmal  or 
intermittent  dyspnea,  generally  accompanied  by  cough, 
bronchial  secretion,  and  a  feeling  of  constriction  and 
suffocation.  The  etiology  is  obscure,  being  ascribed 
to  heredity,  nasal  disease,  gout,  exhalations  of  plants 
and  atmospheric  impuriti  -.  etc.     It  is  undoubt- 

edly a  neurosis,  the  spasm  of  the  muscular  tissui 
the  bronchial   tubes  being  due  either  to  central  or  to 
peripheral    nervous    irritation.       The    duration    of    a 
paroxysm  may  be  from  two  to  six  hour-  to  four  or  live 
night-.      When  dependent  upon  disease  of  the  heart. 
the    kidney-,    stomach,     thymus,    etc..    it     has     I 
designated,   cardiac,    renal,   peptic,   thymic,    etc.      A. 
convulsivum.       Synonym     of    Bronchial    Asthma. 
A.     Crystals,     acicular    crystals    contained    in     the 
sputum    of    asthmatic    patients.      .A.     dyspepticum, 
is    due    to  nervous  reflexes  through    the  vagus.     A., 
Grinders'.    Same  as  Fibroid  Phthisis.    A..  Hay.    S 
Hay  Fever.     A..  Heberden's.  angina  pectori-.     A., 
Kopp's,  spasm    of    the    glottis.     A.,   Marine. 
Beriberi.     A.,  Millar's.      See  /.  tridulus. 

A..    Miner's.       See     Anthracosis.      A.     nervosum 


ASTHMATIC 


144 


A  I  A\  [SM 


Synonym  ol  a.     A.,  Thymic.     Syn 

onym  '//us   stridulus.     A.    uteri.      Syn- 

onym of  Hysteria. 
Asthmatic   [az-maf '-ik)  [  anting].      Relating  to 

or  affected  with  asthma. 
Astigmagraph  [d  priv.;    arty/ta,   a 

point;  j  ,  to  write].     An  instrument  for  illustrat- 

g  the  phenomena  matism. 

Astigmatic  [a  -tiq-maf-ik)  [d  priv.  ;    ariyfia,  a  point]. 

Pertaining  to  or  affected  with  astigmatism. 
Astigmatism  '-mat-izm)  [d  priv  t,  a  point, 

light  from  a  point  an-  neverbrought  to 
a  point  by  the  refractive  media  of  the  eye].  That 
ndition  of  the  eye  wherein  homocentric  rays  of  light 
not  brought  to  a  focus  by  tin-  media.  It  is  usually 
due  to  inequality  of  curvature  of  the  different  merid- 
ians of  the  cornea  i  corneal  A.  i.  but  may  be  caused  by 
imperfections  of  the  lens  (lenticular),  unequal  con- 


V           ( 

]v 

V 

I 

i 

i 

f= 

-h= 

i 

1 

T 

1      \ 

V 

'      v      1 


Diagram    Illustrating   th-s   Formation  of   Astigmatic 

Images. 
The  figures  below  cjve  the  images  corresponding  to  the  posi- 
tions of  the  perpendicular  lines  above.     The  vertical   rays 
brought  to  a  focus  anterior  to  the  horizontal.     V.  =  ver- 
tical rays  ;  H  =-  horizontal 

traction  of  the  ciliary  muscle,  or  may  perhaps  be  clue 
to  retinal  imperfection.  It  may  be  acquired  or  con- 
genital, and  may  complicate  hypermetropiaor  myopia, 
producing  either  simple  hypermetropic  A.,  in  which 
one  principal  meridian  is  emmetropic,  the  other  hy]  i  i 
metropic  ;  or  compound  hypermetropic  A.,  in  which 
both  meridians  are  hypermetropic,  but  one  more  so 
than  the  other.  Complicating  myopia,  we  may  in  the 
same  way  have  simple  myopic  or  compound  myopic 
A.  In  mixed  A.,  one  principal  meridian  is  myopic, 
the  other  hypermetropic.  Regular  A.  is  when  the 
two  principal  meridians  are  at  right  angles  to  each  other. 
Irregular  A.,  when  different  parts  <>f  a  meridian  have 
different  refracting  power-. 

Astigmatometer  [as-tig-mat-om/-et-er\  [a  priv.  ;  arlyua, 
a  point  :  a    measure].       An     instrument    for 

measuring  the  degree  of  astigmatism. 

Astigmometer  A  Hgmatom- 

eter. 

Astigmometry  [as-tig  mom*  priv.  ;    ariyfia,  a 

point;  measure].     The  measurement  of  astig- 

matism. 

Astomous  [ah-sto,-mus)    [d  priv.  ;  ard/xa,  mouth].      In 
biology,  without  a  mouth  or  aperture. 

Astragalectomy     (as-trag-al-ek'-to-me)      [aorpAyatot , 
astragalus;  n].      Surgical   excision  of 

the  astragalus. 

Astragaloscaphoid    {as-trag-al-o-skaf'-oid)   \ 

'far,  astragalus;  aiaupoeidfc,  like  a  boat].      Relating  to 
the  astragalus  and  the  scaphoid  bo 

Astragalotibial      (as-lrag-al-i  il)      [aarpAya'KoQ, 

astragalus;    tibia,    the    -bin  bone  ] .      Relating    to  the 
astragalus  and  the  tibia. 


Astragalus  {as-trag  '  al-u  \  [aarpAyaXog,  a  dice ;  the  ana- 
logous bones  of  the  sheep  were  used  by  the  ancients 
as  dice  ].  I  he  ankle  bone,  upon  which  the  tibia  rests. 
Mso,  a  genus  of  leguminous  plants  from  some  varieties 
ot  which  gum  tragacanth  is  derived.  A.  mollissi- 
mus,  Loco  Plant.  The  active  principle  of  this  plant 
has  mydriatic  properties.      Unof. 

Astrapaphobia  [as-trap-af-o' -be-ah)  [aorpairf,  light- 
ning; oAfSog,  fear].  Morbid  and  unreasonable  fear 
of  lightning. 

Astraphobia  [as-trah-fo'-be-aK).     See  Astrapaphobia . 

Astriction  {as-trik' -shun)  [astri,  ti  :  ad,  to  ;  stringere,  to 
bind  ].  <  lonstipation  or  any  condition  resulting  from  the 
use  of  astringer) 

Astringency  {as-trin'-jen-se)  [ad,  to;  stringere,  to  bind]. 
The  quality  of  being  astringent. 

Astringent  \as-trin' -jent)  [ad,  to;    stringere,  to  bind]. 
i.   Causing  contraction;    binding.     2.    An  agent  pro 
ducing  contraction   of  organic  tissues,  or  that  arrests 
hemorrhages,    diarrheas,  etc.      Tannin,  alum,   opium, 
alcohol,  the  salts  of  silver,  lead,  etc.,  are  examples. 

Astrokinetic   {as-tro-kin-ef -ik)   [aorpov,  a  star;  kive'iv, 
to  move].      In  biology,  applied  by  Ryder  tothepheno 
mena  of  motion  as  exhibited   by  the  centrosomes  of 
cells. 

Astrostatic  [as-tro-staf '-ik)  [harpov,  a  star;  iaraadai,  to 
stand].  In  biology,  applied  by  Ryder  to  the  resting 
condition  of  the  centrosomes  of  cells. 

Asylum  [as-if-lum)  [asylum,  a  place  of  refuge].  An 
institution  for  the  support,  safe-keeping,  cure,  or  edu- 
cation of  those  incapable  of  caring  for  themselves,  such 
as  the  insane,  the  blind,  etc.  A.  Ear.  See  Hematoma 
auris,  and  Ear  Deformities. 

Asymbolia  [ah-si?n-bof -le-ah\  [a  priv.  ;  ai)fifio7xiv,  sym- 
bol]. The  loss  of  all  power  of  communication,  even 
by  signs  or  symbols. 

Asymmetry   (ah-sim'-et-re)   [a  priv.  ;  pia,   sym- 

metry]. 1.  Unlikeness  of  corresponding  organs  or 
parts  of  opposite  sides  of  the  body  that  are  normally 
of  the  same  size,  etc.,  as  e.g.,  asymmetry  of  the  two 
halves  of  the  skull  or  brain.  2.  The  linking  of  carbon 
atoms  to  four  different  groups;  the  combination  of 
carbon  atoms  with  different  atoms  or  atomic  groups. 

Asynergia  (ah-sin-er* '-je-ak)  [d  priv.;  truvepyia,  co- 
operation], faulty  coordination  of  the  different  or- 
gan- ormuscles  normally  acting  in  unison. 

Asynesia  (as-in-e' '-ze-ah)  [aavveaia, stupidity].  Stupid- 
ity ;   loss  or  disorder  of  mental  power. 

Asynodia  {ali-sin-o'-dc-ah)  [it  priv.  ;  owod  a,  a  travel- 
ling together].      Impotence. 

Asystematic  lah-sis-lem-at' '-ik)  [a  priv. ;  aixTrrj/ia, 
system].  Diffuse  ;  not  restricted  to  any  one  or  several 
systems  of  nerve  libers  ;  applied  to  nervous  diseases 
that  are  general. 

Asystole  {a'i-sis'-t<>-[,)  [d  priv ;  ovardM),  a  shortening]. 
Absence  or  imperfection  of  the  cardial  systole,  due 
to  feebleness,  dilatation,  et<  ..  of  the  heart. 

Asystolic  [ah-sis-toV -ik)  [it  priv  ;  nrnrn'/i/,  a  shorten 
rag].      Marked  by,  due  to,  or  suffering  from  asystole. 

Asystolism  {ah-sis,-tol-izm)  [a  priv.  ;  ovoTOAf/,  a  sin, Men 
ing].      Inability  of   the   ri^ht  ventricle  oi    the  hear!  to 
empty  itself  of  its  contents,  a  condition  encountered  in 
the  lasl  stages  of  mitral  incompetence.     See  Asystole. 

Asystoly  {ah-sis* -to-le) .     Same  a-  ./  vstolf. 

Atactic     [at-ak'-tic)     [aranToq,    irregular].     Irregular, 
incoordinate.      Pertaining  to  muscular  incoordination, 
lly  in  aphasia.     Also  applied  to  il  fevers 

Atavic   {at-a  '      tvu  ,   a  forefather].      Relating  to 

or  characterized  by  atavism. 

Atavism  {at'-av-izm)  [atavus,  a  forefather].  There- 
appearance  of  an  anomaly,  physical,  menial,  or  patho- 
logic,   in    an    individual     whose    more   or     less    remote 


A  1  AVISTIC 


1  15 


A  I  HER(  iMAMA 


progenitors    were    similarly   affected,    but    in    wl 
immediate  ancestors  it  had  not  been  shown. 

Atavistic  \at-av-isr -tik) .     Same  as  Atavic. 

Ataxaphasia  i  at-ak  ah).     See  Aphasia. 

Ataxia  [at-aks' -e-ah)  [draf/a,  warn  of  order].  The 
word  means  primarily  irregularity  or  want  of  order, 
but  it  is  i n <  >— t  commonly  used  to  express  incodrdination 
of  muscular  action  ;  an  <  cess  or  defii  ieni  y  in  contrai 
don  of  the  various  muscles  concerned  in  a  given  action. 
Both  static  and  locomotor  ataxia  arc  prominent  ~\ 1 1 1 ] ■ 
toms  of  tabes  or  disease  "I  the  posterior  columns  of  the 
cord,  but  it  is  absurd  to  speak  of  ataxia  as  it  it  were  a 
disease  itself,  instead  ol  being  only  one  of  many  symp- 
toms of  many*diseases.  A.,  Briquet's,  a  hysterical 
state  marked  by  loss  of  sensation  in  the  skin  and  in 
the  leg  muscles.  A.  cordis.  Sec  />  lirium  cordis. 
A  of  Drunkards,  ^ee  Polyneuritis  potatorum.  A., 
Family.  See  ./.,  Hereditary.  A.,  Hereditary, 
Friedreich's  ataxia,  a  family  disease  of  children 
and  the  young.  See  Friedreich's  Disease.  A., 
Locomotor,  the  failure  of  muscular  coordination  as 
regards  movements,  and  especially  in  walking.  A., 
Motor,  inability  to  coordinate  the  muscles  in  walking. 
A.,  Signs  of.  I.  Romberg (or  Brack- Romberg sit 
swaying  of  the  body  with  closed  eyes.  2.  Signe  de 
cloche-pied;  standing  on  one  leg  with  open  eyes,  and 
with  closed  eyes.  The  ataxic  finds  difficulty  in 
standing  upon  one  foot  while  the  other  is  raised 
from  the  ground,  particularly  when  the  eyes  are 
closed.  3.  Sign  of  crossing  the  legs;  in  crossing  the 
legs  a  normal  person  raises  the  one  leg  to  the  level 
of  the  other  knee  and  deposits  the  former  upon  the 
latter.  The  ataxic  raises  the  one  leg  a  considerable 
distance  above  the  other  knee,  and  in  depositing 
the  former  upon  the  latter  makes  the  arc  of  a  large 
circle.  4.  Sign  "de  Vescalier ;"  sign  of  descending 
stairs:  difficulty  in  descending  stairs  experienced  by 
the  ataxic.  5.  Marching  at  command;  a.  inarch! 
/'.  halt!  c.  about  face!  a.  When  an  ataxic  that  has 
been  seated  is  told  to  walk,  he  manifests  uncertainty 
or  hesitation  in  his  effort,  first  on  rising,  to  gain  his 
equilibrium.  b.  The  marching  ataxic  finds  great 
difficulty  and  is  likely  not  to  succeed  in  halting  with 
precision  \vhen  commanded  to  do  so.  c.  The  ataxic 
patient  cannot  turn  about  face  with  the  same  promptitude 
and  the  same  certainty  as  the  normal  individual.  6. 
WestphaVs  sign:  abolition  of  the  knee-jerk.  A., 
Static,  the  failure  of  muscular  coordination  in  standing 
still,  or  in  fixed  positions  of  the  limbs.  A.,  Thermal, 
peculiar  large  and  irregular  fluctuations  of  the  body 
temperature,  due  to  a  condition  of  incoordination,  or 
a  disordered  or  weakened  thermotaxic  mechanism. 
This  may  give  rise  to  the  so-called  parado  vie  or 
hysterical  temperatures,  rising  occasionally  to  10S0  or 
no0  F.,  without  grave  or  permanent  injury. 

Ataxiagram  {at-aks' -e-a-gram)  [ara^'ta,  want  of  order; 
ypdftfta.  a  marking] .  A  line  drawn  by  a  patient  suffer- 
ing with  an  ataxial  disease.  The  patient's  eyes  are- 
open  or  closed  and  he  attempts  to  make  a  straight  line. 
The  character  of  the  deviations  from  a  straight  line 
that  result  are  conceived  to  have  a  certain  diagnostic 
value. 

Ataxiamnesia  [at-aks-e-am-ne'-ze-ah)  [dra£«2,  want  of 
order;  a/ivqaia,  forgetfulness].  Muscular  ataxia  with 
loss  of  or  impairment  of  memory. 

Ataxic  (at-aks'-ik\  [draf/a,  want  of  order].  1.  Per- 
taining to  or  affected  with  ataxia.  2.  A  person  affected 
withataxia.  A.  Aphasia.  Sei  /  tsia.  A.  Fever. 
Synomyn  of   Typhus  Fever,  q.  v. 

Ataxophemia    [at-aks-o-fe1 '-me-ah)     [draf/a,    want    of 
order;    or/ai,    to    speak].       Lack    of    coordination    in 
speech. 
IO 


Ataxy  [at-aks' 

Atelectasis  (at-el-ek* 

expansion].       l'nlmftn,gry  c,oli  the 

air   |p   i-nti-r   die  K£sicles.      Ij_m:u  Lc  cither  acqu 

or    fetal.       I  he  condition    is  due  not 
ti  the  Lungs,  but  to  nerve  injuries,  weak] 
Lu  fuai  caaca  the  lixag  ha-  never  !  tted, 

whilsjjn  apneumatosis  it  has  been  inflated. 

Atelectatic  [at-el-ek-taf '-ik)  \artMiq,  imperfect 

expansion].      Relating  to  or  characterized   by  atelec- 
tasis. 

Ateleocephalous  [at-el-e-o-sef'-al-u  |[dr<  Tajg, imperfect; 
//,,  head].      Having    the    skull    or  head    more    or 
less  incompli 

Atelia  [at-el-i' '-ak)  [arsXeia,  imperfection].  A  terato- 
ic  term  for  imperfection  or  failure  of  development 
of  some  part  of  the  fetus.  The  word  1-  compounded 
with  others  to  designate  the  member  wanting, 
atelocardia,  etc.,  expressing  such  a  defect  of  the 
heart,  etc. 

Atelocardia     [at-el-o-kar*  \aTe7Jjc,    imperfect; 

KaptYia,  heart].      An  imperfect  or  undeveloped  state  of 
the  heart ;  cardiatelia. 

Atelocheilia      (at-el-o-ki' -le-ah)      \_are'/j/r.     imperfect ; 
I    /or,  lip].      Defective  development  of  a  lip. 

Atelochiria  [at-el-o-ki' '-re-alt)  \_11n '//,<-,  imperfect ; 
hand].     Deficiency  in  the  development  of  the  hand. 

Ateloencephalia  [at-el-o-en-sef-a' -le-ah)  [  icom- 

plete;    eyiuQatov,    brain].       Incomplete    development 
of  the  brain. 

Ateloglossia     [at-el-i  '    -alt)      [art///-,    imperfect; 

rcra,  tongue].     Congenital  defect  in  the  tongue. 

Atelognathia  [at-el-og-na' '-tke-ak)  [dreAjyc,  imperfect  ; 
]  vaffog,  jaw].  Imperfect  development  of  a  jaw,  espec- 
ially of  the  lower  jaw. 

Atelomyelia    [at-el-o-mi-er -le-ah)     [dreXiyc,    imperl 

'  .  marrow]       Congenital    defect    or   incomplete- 

ness of  the  spinal  cord 

Atelopodia  [at-el-o-po' '-de-ak)  \_ari'/i,r,  imperfect;  - 
].      Defective  development  of  the  foot. 

Ateloprosopia  (at-el-o-pro-so1 '-pe-alt)  [arc/./'/c,  incom- 
plete; 7rp6ouTrov,  face].  Incomplete  facial  develop- 
ment. 

Atelorrhachidia   [at-el-o-rak-id'-e-ak)    [areXJ/c,  imper- 
fect ;    /"'t':,    spine].      Imperfect    development  of   I 
spinal  column,  as  in  spina  bifida. 

Atelostomia  [at-el-o-sto* '-me-ah)  [arrtf/r,  incomplete; 
r-<,na,  mouth].  Incomplete  development  of  the 
mouth. 

Athalamous  [ah-thaP -am-us)  [dpriv.;  Oa'/auoc,  abed] 
Absence  of  the  optic   thalamus.      In   biology,  without 
apothecia,  as  certain  lichens. 

Athalline  [ak-thal'-in)  [d  priv.  ;  Ha'/ '/6c,  a  frond].  In 
biology,  destitute  of  a  thallus. 

Athelasmus  [ah-thel-az* '-mus)  [d  priv.  ;  Hrj/ am/or,  a 
sickling]  Inability  to  give  suck,  from  defect  or  want 
of  the  nipples. 

Athelia  {ah-ther -le-ak)  [d  priv.;  fhj)J),  a  nipple"1.     Ab 
sence  of  the  nipple. 

Athermasia  [ak-tker-ma' '-ze-ah)  [d  priv.  ,  Hepuaoia, 
heat].     Lack  or  deficiency  of  heat. 

Atheroma  [atk-er-o' '-mak)  \bBfjpii, gruel ;  bua,  tumor]. 
Primarily,  a  soft  encysted  tumor;  more  commonly,  the 
fatty  degeneration  of  the  walls  of  the  arteries  in  con- 
sequence of  chronic  arteritis,  and  called  atheromatous 
defeneration.  Atheromatous  abscess,  resulting  from 
chronic  arteritis,  is  a  collection  of  soft  matter  beneath 
the  intima.  while  an  atheromatous  ulcer  is  formed  by 
the  abscess  breaking  through  the  intima. 

Atheromasia  [ath-er-o-ma' -ze-ah)  [uffijpufia,  an  athero- 
matous tumor].  Atheromatous  degeneration  ;  the 
condition  of  atheroma. 


ATHERt  iMATOl  S 


in; 


ATRACTY1  IS 


Atheromatous     ath-er-o'  mal-u  •   [dfl  .  an  athero 

matous  tumor].       Characterized   b)   or   affected   with 

atheroma. 

Atherosperma      {ath-er-o-sper' -mah)      [_""'<"•     beard; 
IT.       \  genus  of  trees.     A.   moschatum, 
Australian  sassafras,  a  diaphoretic  and  diuretic  some 
times  used  in  pulmonary  affections  and  asthma.      Dose 
of  the  tincture.  3ss— j.      Unof. 

Athetoid  .  unfixed].     Pertainin 

or  affected  with  athetosis.     A.  Spasm,  a  symptom  of 
hemiplegia  and  some  cerebral  lesio 

Athetosis  {ath-et-o' -sis)  [afhjros, unfixed ;  changeable]. 
A  symptom  most  frequently  occurring  in  children,  and 
characterized  by  continual  change  oi  position  of  the 
fingers  and  toes,  and  inability  to  keep  them  still,  save  in 
sleep.  It  is  due  to  some  lesion  or  derangement  of 
the  brain  or  cord.  It  is  also  railed  "  post-hemiplegic 
chorea,'"  from  its  occurrence  alter  hemiplegia,  in 
adult>.  A.,  Double  Congenital.  See  Farapl 
I n ''ant;  :  also  Double  Atheto 

Athlete  v,  to  contend  with].      Robust; 

vigorous.      A.'s    Heart,   incompetency  of   the  aortic 
.  a  condition  frequently  found  in  athletes. 

Athletics  {ath-lef '-iks)  [oBaeIv,  to  contend].  The  art 
of  physical  exercise  for  development  or  for  health. 

Athrepsia  {ah-tht  ih)  [d  priv  :  rpkfyeiv,  to  nourish] . 

The   symptom-complex  resulting  from  imperfect  nutri- 
tion in  children. 

Athroisemia  {ath-roi-se/  -me-ah  ■  [adpoto/ia,  accumula- 
tion ;  aiiia,  blood].  Congestion  or  accumulation  of 
blood. 

Athymia  [ah-thi' -m'e-ali)  [o  priv. ;  Hi  nor,  mind],  i. 
Despondency.    2.  Loss  of  consciousness.    3.  Insanity. 

Athymic  {ah-lhir -mik)  \_"  priv.  ;  dvfioc,  mind].    All: 
with   athymia. 

Atlantad  {at-lan' -tad)  ["ArAac,  a  Greek  hero] .  Toward 
tin-  atlas  in  situation  or  direction. 

Atlantal  [at-ldn' '-tal)  ['ArP-ac,  a  Greek  hero].  Relating 
to  the  atlas. 

Atlanten  {at-lanf -ten)  [' \r'/ ar,  a  Greek  hero].    Belong 
ing  to  the  atlas  in  itself. 

Atlanti-obliquus  {at-lan' '-ti-ob-li' '-kwus)  [I-]-  '  ''  ' 
obliquus  capitis  superior  muscle. 

Atlanti-rectus  {at-lanf -ti-rek' -tus)  [L.].  The  muscle 
called  rectus  capitis  posticus  minor. 

Atlanto-  {at-lan'-to)  ["ArAac ,  a  Greek  hero].      A  prefix 
signifying   relation    to   the   atlas;    seen   in   the   won!, 
anto-axial,  (relating  to  the  atlas  and  the  axis)  Atlan- 
cipital,  Atlanto-odotitoid ,  etc. 

Atlas   i at' -las)    [ar/ar,  able].     The    uppermost  of  the 
cervical  vertebra;.     It  articulates  with  the  occipital  bone 
the  skull.     A.  Silk.     See  Silk. 

Atlee's  Operation.      See  Operations,   Table  of. 

Atlodidymus    {at-lo-did? -im-us).      Same  as  Atlodymus. 

Atlodymus     [at-lod' '-im-us)      [ur'/nr,    able;      Sidx 
double].     A   monosomic  dual  monstrosity;  with  two 
heads  and  a  single  body. 

Atloido-  '  Of, able].     In  composition,  the 

same    as  atlanto;    seen  in  such  example-,  as  atloido- 
id,  atloido-Oi  .  etc. 

Atmiatry  {at-mi' -at-re)  \jiTu\c,  vapor ;  larpeia,  medical 
treatment].  Treatment  of  diseases  of  the  lungs  or 
mucous  membrane-,  by  inhalation,  fumigation,  or  by 
directing  a  current  of  vapor  or  gas  upon  the  part. 

Atmid-albumose  {at-mid-al' '-bu-mos)  [<>'"",  vapor; 
albumen].  Neumeister's  term  for  the  albumose  formed 
by  the  action  of  superheated  steam. 

Atmidometer  {at-mid-om' '-et-er) .     See  Atmometer. 

Atmidoscope   \<it-midf-o-skop)    \Jirinr,   vapor;  itkoti 
to  view].     See  Atmomett  >. 

Atmograph    {at* -mo-graf\    [amor,  breath  iv,  to 

record].     A  form  of  self-registering  respirometer. 


Atmometer,  or  Atmidometer  [at- mom' '-et-er ;  at-mid- 
om' -et-er)  [arfiig,  vapoi  ;    uirpov,  a  measure].     An  in- 
strument   to    measure    the    amount    of    water    exhaled 
from  a  given  surface  in  a  given  time,  in  order  to  d. 
mini-  the  humiditj  of  the  atmosphere. 

Atmosphere  {at'-mos-fer)  [ar/idg,  vapor;  ofaipa,  a 
sphere].  The  mixture  of  gases,  vapoi  oi  water,  and 
other  suspended  matters,  surrounding  the  earth,  as  an 
elastic  fluid  envelop,  to  tin  height  of  about  200 
mih-. 

Atmospheric  {at-mos-fer' '-ik)  [dr/«jc,  vapor;  oiftaipa,  a 
sphere].  Pertaining  to  the  atmosphere.  A.  Moisture. 
the  vapor  of  water  mingled  with  the  atmosphere.  It 
varies  in  quantity  according  to  tin'  temperature.  A. 
Pressure  Cavity,  a  cavity  formed  on  the  palatine  sur 
face  of  a  sel  of  artificial  teeth  to  retain  them  in  the 
mouth.  A.  Tension,  the  pressure  of  the  air  pel 
square  inch  on  the  surface  of  a  body.  Normally,  at 
the  sea  level  it  i-  about  14.7  lbs.  per  square  inch,  or 
ual  to  that  of  a  column  of  mercury  about  30  in.  in 
height.  It  decreases  about  /„  in.,  or  fo  ft),  per  square 
inch  for  every  90  feet  of  altitude.  Above  10,000  feet, 
the  rarity  of  the  atmosphere  is  usually  noticeable  in 
quickened  breathing  and  pulse  rate. 

Atocia  {at-o'-se-ak)  [aroKog,  barren].  Sterility  of  the 
female. 

Atom  (at'-uw)  [a  priv.;  ri/iveiv,  to  cut].  The  ulti- 
mate unit  of  an  element  ;  that  part  of  a  substance 
incapable  of  further  division,  or  the  smallest  part 
capable  of  entering  a  chemical  compound,  or  uniting 
with  another  to  form  a  Molecule — which  last  i-  the 
smallest  quantity  of  a  substance  that  can  exist  free  or 
uncombined.      See  Elements,  Tab, 

Atomic  {at-om'-ik)  [a  priv.;  ripveiv,  to  cut].  Of  or 
pertaining  to  atoms.  A.  Heat  of  an  atom  is  its 
specific  heat  multiplied  by  its  atomic  weight.  A. 
Theory,  the  theory  of  Dalton,  that  all  matter  is  com- 
posed of  atoms,  the  weight  of  each  atom  differing  for 
the  different  substances.  A.  Valence,  Equivalence, 
or  the  Atomicity  of  an  element,  is  the  saturating 
power  of  its  atom  as  compared  with  that  of  hydrogen. 
A.  Weight,  the  weight  of  an  atom  of  an  element  as 
compared  with  the  weight  of  an  atom  of  hydrogen. 

Atomicity  (at-om-is' -it-e)  [d  priv.  ;  rijiviiv,  to  cut]. 
<  hemical  valence;  quanti valence. 

Atomization  {at-om  iz  a'-shun)  [d  priv.  ;  rifiveiv,  to 
cut].  The  mechanical  process  of  breaking  up  a  liquid 
into  line  spray. 

Atomizer  (,//'  om-i-zer)  [a  priv.  ;  rifivziv,  to  cut].  An 
instrument  for  transforming  a  liquid  into  a  spray  or 
mist. 

Atonia  {at-o' '-ne-ah)  [arovia,  want  of  tone].     Atony. 

Atonic  {at-on'-ik)  [arovia,  want  of  tone].  Relating  to. 
1  if  characterized  by,  atony. 

Atony  {at'-o-ne)  [d  priv.;   r6vag,  tone].    Want  of  • 
Debility.      Loss   or  diminution    of    muscular    or  vital 

'  1 " '''•'}'  • 

Atopomenorrhea  {at-o-po-men-or-e' '-ah)  [aroirog,  out  oi 
place;    ur/v,  month;  pkeiv,  to  flow],     vicarious  men 
struation. 

Atoxic    1  '//(')   [d    priv.;    ro  ik6v,  poison].     Not 

venomous ;   not  poisonous. 

Atrabiliary  {at-rah-bil' -e-a-re)  [ater, black  ;  bilis, bile"]. 
An  obsolescent  term  relating  to  melancholj  and  hypo 
chondriasis;  also  referring  to  the  renal  and  supra  renal 
glands,  once  believed  to  produce  black  bile,  or  atra 
bilis,   the    cause    of    the    gloomy    disposition.       A., 
Capsules,  an  old  name  lor  tin-  supra  renal  capsules. 

Atractylis    {at-rak' '-til-is)    [arpaicrvXigl.      A    genus   of 
composite-flowered  plants,  nearly  related   to  the  saf- 
llower  {Carthamus).     A.  gummifera,  of  the  Mediti  1 
ranean  region,  affords  acanthomastic .     A.  lancea,  of 


ATRAMEN  1  A I , 


1  Vt 


A  I  RUPIIODKKMA 


(  hina  and  Japan,  is  stomachic  and  tonic.  A.  ovata, 
of  the  same  regions,  is  tonic,  diuretic,  sudorific,  and 
stimulant. 

Atramental  [at  ram-en'-tal  |  [atramentum,  ink],  <  >l  an 
inky  bla(  k  color. 

Atremia  [ah-tre' '-me-ah)  \_<i  priv.  ;  rpi/ieiv,  to  tremble]. 
i.  An  absence  of  tremor.  2.  An  hysterical  condition 
in  which  there  is  an  imaginary  inability  to  walk,  stand, 

sit,  or  read. 

Atreselytria  [at-res-el-i' -tre-ah) .     See  Atretelytria. 

Atresenteria  [at  rei  en  te'-re-ah).     See  Atretenteria. 

Atresia  [ah-tre' '-ze-ah)  [a  priv.;  rprjatq,  perforation], 
[mperf oration,  either  congenital  or  acquired,  of  a 
mal  opening  or  canal,  as  oi  the  anus,  vagina,  meatus 
auditorius,  pupil,  etc.  The  word  is  often  compounded 
with  the  name  of  the  organ  affected  ;  <•.  ;'. ,  atrcstocystia, 
atretenteria,  etc.,  denoting,  respectively,  imperforal 
of  the  bladder,  intestine,  etc. 

Atresic  [ah-tre' -zik)  [<i,  priv.  ;  rpfjaig,  perforation]. 
Marked  by  atresia  or  imperforation.     See  Teratism. 

Atresoblepharea    [at-res-o-blef-a' '-re-ah) .     See      tlreto- 
pharea. 

Atresocysia  [at-res-o-sis'-e-ah\-     See  Atreto.ysia. 

Atresocystia  [at-res-o-sis'-te-ah).     See  Atretocystia. 

Atresogastria  [at-res-o-gas' '-(re-ah).     .See  Atretogastria. 

Atresometria  [at-res-o-me'-tre-ah).     See  Atretometria. 

Atresopia  [ah-tres-o1 '-pe-ah).      See  Atretopsia. 

Atretelytria  [at-ret-el-i' '-tre-ah)  [arpr/Toc,  imperforate; 
:'/iT,,)i\  sheath].      Atresia  of  the  vagina. 

Atretenteria  [at-ret-en-te/ -re-ah)  [arpriroc,  imperforate; 
hvrepov,  intestine].  Atresia,  or  imperforation  of  the 
intestinal  canal. 

Atreto-  [at-ref-o).  As  a  prefix,  represents  the  Gr. 
orpr/roc,  imperforated. 

Atretoblepharia  [at-ret-o-blef-a' -re-ah)  [hrp//Toc,  imper- 
forate ;   fl/J<papm' ,  Yu\~\ .     Symblepharon,  q.  v. 

Atretocysia  [al-ret-o-sis' '-e-ah)  [arperor,  imperforate; 
KV<j6q,  anus].      Atresia  of  the  anus. 

Atretocystia  [at-ret-o-sis' -te-ah)  [drperoc,  imperforate  ; 
Ki'/rrir,  bladder].      Atresia  of  the  bladder. 

Atretometria  [at-ret-o-mef -tre-ah)  [arperor,  imperforate  ; 
(iTjTpa,  womb].      Atresia  of  the  uterus. 

Atretopsia  [at-ret-op1 '-se-ah)  [arpr/rog,  imperforate  ;  u>tp, 
eye].      Imperforation  of  the  pupil. 

Atrial  [a'-tre-al)  [atrium,  the  fore-court,  or  hall].  Re- 
lating to  an  atrium. 

Atrichia  [ak-trik'-e-ah)  [a  priv.  ;  Opi^,  hair].  Loss  or 
absence  of  the  hair. 

Atrichosis  [ah-trik-o' '-sii )  [arpexog,  hairless] .  Failure  of 
the  hair  to  grow  ;  a  condition  characterized  by  absence 
of  hair. 

Atrioventricular  [a-tre-o-ven-trik1 '-u-lar)  [atrium,  the 
hall  ;  ventriculus,  ventricle].  Relating  both  to  the 
atrium  (or  auricle)  and  to  the  ventricle  of  the  heart. 

Atrium  [a'-tre-um)  [atrium,  the  fore-court,  or  hall].  I. 
That  part  of  the  auricle  of  the  heart  into  which  the 
venous  blood  is  poured.  2.  The  principal  part  of  the 
tympanic  cavity  of  the  ear,  exclusive  of  the  attic.  A. 
cordis,  the  auricle  of  the  heart.  A.  vaginae,  the 
vestibule  of  the  vulva. 

Atrocha  [ah-tr</-kah)  [a  priv.  ;  rpox^i  .  a  wheel].  In 
biology,  wheelless,  as  certain  annelid  embryos,  roti- 
fers, etc.  ;   destitute  of  cilia. 

Atrolactinic  Acid  [at-ro-lak-Hn'-ik).      See  Acid. 

Atropa  [af '-ro-pah)  [At/to -of,  "  she  who  turns  not." 
undeviating  ;  one  of  the  three  Fates,  who  cut  the  tin 
of  life,  in  allusion  to  the  poisonous  effects  of  the  plant]. 
A  genus  of  the  natural  order  Solanacea".  A.  bella- 
donna, the  deadly  nightshade,  whence  i-  obtained 
atropin.     See  Belladonna. 

Atropal,  or  Atropous  [af-ro-pal:  af-ro-pus).  See 
Orthotropous. 


Atrophia  [at  i)  [a   priv.;    -••../.   nourishment], 

Atrophy,    ■     .      \  term  applied  t"  a  condition  marl 
by    wasting    or    innutrition.      A.    cordis,    atrophy    of 
the  heart,   following   senile   changes,  or  occurring  in 
ne<  tie  conditions,  or  a-  a  r<  suit  ol  pressure  ex<  rted 
by  mediastinal  tumors,  etc.     A.  cutis,  Atrophodern 
a  term  applied  to  various  changes  in  tie    skin  charac- 
terized  by  tie-  diminution  or  disappearance  of  certain 
oi    it-   elements,    especiall)    seen    in    advanced 
The  -kin  becomes  thin,  loose,  wrinkled,  and  discolored. 
A.  cutis  senilis,  Senile  Atrophoderma;    an  atrophy 
of   the  >kin   usually  associated    with   general    sign 
senile  degeneration.     The  «  hole  skin  may  !»•  affei  led, 
together  with  its  appendages    and    I  utaneous 

tissues.  The  skin  is  in  folds,  -lightly  shrunken, 
wrinkled,  and  dry.  It  feels  thin,  and  is  transpan  m 
1  -hining.  Pruritus  i-  sometimes  present,  and  there 
1-  usually  an  increased  pigmentation,  with  warty  de- 
velopments. A.  infantum.  Synonym  oi  Tabesmesen- 
terica.  A.  mesenterica.  Synonym  of  Tabes  m 
/(■rial.  A.  pilorum  propria,  atrophy  of  the  hair, 
either  symptomatic  "i"  of  idiopathic  origin.  It  may 
be  local  or  generalized.  The  hair  becomes  lusti  rless, 
brittle,  fibrillated,  readily  cleft,  and  readily  fractured. 
A.  unguis,  atrophy  of  the  nail-;  marked  by  pitting, 
brittleness,  furrowing,  thinning,  crumbling,  etc.  It 
may  be  symptomatic  of  such  disorders  as  lepra  and 
syphilis,  or  it  may  be  idiopathic. 

Atrophic  [at-ro'-fik)  [«  priv.;  rpotyij,  nourishment]. 
Pertaining  to,  affected  with,  due  t".  characterized  by, 
or  causing  atrophy.  A.  Catarrh,  a  chronic  form  of 
rhinitis  in  children  characterized  by  marked  atrophy 
and  anemia  of  the  pituitary  membrane,  with  the  for- 
mation of  crusts  in  the  nasal  and  naso-pharyngeal 
cavities  anda  peculiar  and  offensive  odor.  A.  Forms, 
the  name  suggestedby  His  for  those  malformations 
that  are  characterized  by  want  of  general  development, 
and.  in  some  instances,  by  subsequent  atrophy, 
whereby  all  resemblance  to  the  human  embryo  i-  lost. 

Atrophicum  melanosis  progressiva  [at-ro' -fik-um 
mel-an-o'-sis  pro-gres'-iv-ah).      See  Atrophoderma. 

Atrophied  [at'-ro-Jid)  [a  priv.;  Tpoyq,  nourishment]. 
Wasted  ;   affected  with  atrophy. 

Atrophoderma     [at-ro-fo-der* '-mah)     [a    priv.;     - 
nourishment  ;  the    skin].       Atrophia    cutis, 

atrophy  of  the  skin,  a  wasting  of  the  skin  due  to  in- 
nutrition. See  Atrophia  cutis.  A.  albidum,  a  type 
of  xeroderma  in  which  the  skin  from  the  middle  of  the 
thigh  to  the  sole,  more  rarely  from  the  upper  arm  to 
the  palm,  i-  in  places  very  white,  stretched,  and  diffi- 
cult to  pick  up,  with  the  epidermis  extremely  thinned, 
faintly  glistening,  wrinkled,  and  peeling  off  in  thin, 
shining  flakes.  There  is  extreme  sensibility  on  the 
finger  tips,  palm-,  and  -.  les.  The  condition  remains 
stationary  from  the  earliest  childhood.  A.  neuri- 
ticum.  Glossy  Skin;  an  atrophy  of  the  skin  in  the 
area  of  a  nerve  affected  by  disease  or  injury.  It 
chiefly  attacks  the  extremities.  The  skin  of  the 
ected  part  becomes  very  dry,  smooth,  and  glossy, 
like  a  thin  sear;  the  fingers  are  tapering,  hairless,  and 
almost  void  of  wrinkles  and  of  a  pink  or  deep-red 
color.  A  severe  and  persistent  burning  pain  precedes 
and  accompanies  this  condition.  The  nails  become 
curved  both  longitudinally  and  transversely,  and  there 
i-  some  thickening  of  the  cutis  beneath  the  free  end. 
A.  pigmentosum.  See  Xeroderma  pigmentosum. 
A.,  Senile.     See    t  utis  senilis.     A.  striatum 

et  maculatum,  an  atrophic  condition  of  the  -kin  of 
adults  characterized  by  streak-  of  a  pearly  or  bluish- 
white  color,  glistening,  -ear  like,  from  one  inch  to 
several  inches  long  and  a  quarter  of  an  inch  or  more 
wide,    and    which    follow   the    natural    cleavage   of  the 


A  I ROPHY 


l  18 


\  I  II  XI  ATING 


skin,   and    arc    situated   chiefly   about    the    buttocks, 
border  of  the  ilium,  trochanters,  and  thighs. 
The  ■•  spots  "  are  less  common,  small,  usually  isolated, 
and  are  seen  mostly  on  the  trunk  and  neck. 
Atrophy  want  ol  nourishment],     A 

-m\  e  i  hange  in  parts  originally  well  formed  and 
well-nourished,  consisting  in  loss  of  weight,  size,  and 
function  of  an  01  tissue,  owing  to  some  disorder 

of  nutrition,  disu  e.  continuous   |  i  dimin 

ished    blood-suppl)    to   the  part.     A.,  Active,  due  to 
the  inherent  inability  of  the  cells  of  a  tissue  to  assimi 
late   the    nutriment    brought    to   them       A.,     Acute 
Yellow.      S  gravis.      A.,  Brown,  a  form 

of  atrophy  in  which  the  normal  pigment  of  the  organ 
i>  retained,  and  in  which  there  is  also  frequently  the 
addition  of  new    pigment   from   the  Mood  and  disinte- 

ited  albuminates.  It  occurs  most  frequently  in  the 
heart,  muscles,  and  liver,  and  is  caused  by  chri 
congestion;  also  called  Pigmented  Atrophy.  A.  of 
the  Bulb,  progressive  shrinking  of  the  eyeball.  A., 
Correlated,  an  atrophy  of  certain  portions  of  the 
body  following  the  removal  or  destruction  of  other 
portion-..  ["hus  amputation  of  an  arm  will  be  fol- 
lowed by  an  atrophy  of  the  scapula;  of  a  leg,  of 
the  corresponding  os  innominatum,  together  with 
a  diminution  in  the  size  of  the  heart  and  large 
blood-vessels.  A.,  Cruveilhier's.  See  Disea 
Table  of.  A.,  Gray,  a  degenerative  change  in  the 
optic  disc  in  which  the  latter  assumes  a  grayish  color. 
A.  of  Hair,  a  wasting  or  deficient  growth  of  the 
hair.  A.,  Idiopathic  Muscular,  primary  muscular 
dystrophy  ;  muscular  wasting,  with  or  without  an 
initial  hypertrophy,  beginning  in  various  groups  of 
muscles,  usually  ,  ive  in  character,  and  depend 

ent  on  primary  changes  in  the  muscles  themselves. 
There  i-  a  strong  hereditary  predisposition  to  the  dis- 
ease. A.,  Muscular,  affects  the  muscles  and  may  be 
hereditary  or  acquired,  idiopathic,  myelopathic,  myo 
pathic,  neuropathic,  primary,  secondary,  simple,  or 
progressive.  A.,  Passive,  caused  by  diminished 
nutrition  supplied  to  the  part.  A.,  Pigmentary,  so 
called  from  a  deposit  of  pigment  (yellow  or  yellowish- 
bmwn  i  in  the  atrophied  fat-cells.  A.,  Pigmented. 
A.,  Brown.  A.,  Progressive  Muscular; 
Chronic  Anterior  Poliomyelitis;  Wasting  Palsy.  A 
chronic  disease  characterized  by  progressive  wasting 
of  individual  muscles  or  physiologic  groups  of  mus- 
cle-,, and  by  an  associated  and  proportional  amount 
of  paralysis.  It  is  due  to  a  degeneration  and  atrophy 
of  the  multipolar  cells  in  the  anterior  gray  matter  of 
th  cord,  with  consecutive  degeneration  of  the  anterior 
nerve-roots  and  muscles.  The  right  hand  is  usually 
the  part  first  attacked,  and  it  takes  on  a  peculiar  claw- 
like form  (main  en  griffe).  The  disease  is  most  fre- 
quent  in  males  of  adult  life,  and  follows  excessive 
muscular  exertion.  A.,  Progressive  Unilateral 
Facial,  a  disease  <  harai  t(  i  ized  by  progressive  wasting 
of  the  skin,  connective  tissue,  fat,  bone,  and  more 
rarely  the  musi  les  ol  one  side  of  the  face.      It  is  most 

union    in    females;  its  Course  is   slow  and    generally 
progressive.     Opinions  vary  as  to  whether  the  <li 51 
is  central   or  peripheral    in   origin.      A.,  Red,  a   form 
of  cirrhosis  of  the    liver  due  to  chronic  congestion,  as 
seen  in  mitral  and  tricuspid  valvular  lesions.     It  is  also 
seen  in  emphysema  and  chronic  pleurisy  with  contrac 
tion.      The  cut  surface   of  the  li\'  1  presents  a  nutmeg 
appearance,  and   is   therefore   called  the  nutmeg  liver. 
A.,  Serous,  that  characterized   by  a  transudation  of 
serum  into  the  tissue  after    the  fat   has  gone,  giving 
it  a  gelatinous  appearance.      A.  Senile,  the  physio 
logical   variety  of  Simple  Atrophy.      A.,  Simple,  the 
retrogressive   pro  and    shrinking  due   to   patho 


logic  causes,  allied  to  the  physiologic  retrogression  of 
senility,  but  occurring,  as  it  were,  prematurely.  A. 
of  the  Teeth,  a   name    formerly  used    to  designate 

erosion  of  the    teeth,  an    affection    characterized   either 

by  perforations  in,  01  discolored  sp,,is  of  a  shriveled, 

yellowish,  or  brownish  aspect,  on  the  enamel,  of  two, 
four,  or  more  teeth  in  each  jaw.  A.,  Trophoneuro- 
tic, that  dependent  upon  abnormality  of  the  nervous 
supply  or  control  ol  an  organ  or  tissue,  best  illustrated 
in  muscular  atroph)  from  injury  of  the  proper  nerves 
of  the  muscle,  or  in  disease  oi    the  anterior  horns  of 

L;ray  matter  of  the   cord. 

Atropina,  or  Atropin  {,//■>;> -pi'-nah;  at'-ro-pin)  [    \ -.,<•■ 
.    one   of  the    bates   who   cut    the   thread   of  "life: 
.,    Atropina'],    <  l7l  l,.\'<  >...      A    crystalline    alka- 
loid derived   from    Atropa  belladonna.     The  sulphat 
is    a    white    powder   of   bitter    taste,    neutral    reaction, 
soluble   in  water.      Homatropin.  ClflH21NOa,    is   a  de- 
rivative   alkaloid,    the    hydrobromate     being    used  by 
ophthalmologists  as  a  mydriatic,  principally  because 
its  effects  pass  off  more  quickly  than  those  oi   atropin. 
Homatropin    slows    the    heart,    atropin    quickens    it. 
Atropin   is   an   irritant  narcotic,  a  mydriatic,  antispas 
modic,  and  anodyne;  in  small  doses  a  cardiac,  respira- 
tory, and   spinal   stimulant,  in  large  doses  a  paralyzant 
of  the  cardiac  and  respiratory  centers,  the  spinal  cord, 
motor   nerves,    and    voluntary    muscles.       It    produces 
congestion   and  dryness  of   the  mucous   membrane  of 
the   mouth,  nose,  pharynx,  and   larynx,  at  fust  lessen- 
ing the  gastric  and   intestinal  secretion,  to  be  followed 
by   an    increase   of    the    same.      It    is  extensively  used 
in  ophthalmic  practice   to  dilate  the  pupil,  paralyze 
accommodation,  and  also  in  various  corneal,  iritic,  and 
other  ocular  diseases.      Its  therapeutic  use  in  general 
medicine     is  aUo    manifold;     e.g.,   in    inflammatory 
affections  and  the  pain  of  cerebral  and  spinal   hypere- 
mia,  atonic  constipation,   cardiac    failure,    hypersecri 
tions,  etc.,  and   as  a  physiologic  antagonist  in  opium 
poisoning.      Dose    of   atropin    sulphate   gr.  yjry  —  iAr. 
Injectio    Homatropina    Hypodermica,   1    in    1 20. 
I  lose  gr.  rIlT-  L,     A. -catarrh.     See  Conjunctivitis, 
Atropin.       A. -conjunctivitis.      See     Conjunctivitis. 

Atropinism  (<//'  ro-pin  izm).     See  Alropism. 

Atropinize  [atr -ro-pin-tz)  [*Ar/w7roc].  To  bring  under 
the  influence  of,  or  treat  with  atropin. 

Atropism  [at1 -ro-pizm)  {'  \Ti}il-nl/j.  Poisoning  with, 
or  the  morbid  condition  induced  by,  atropin. 

Attachement  (at-tash/-mon(g\  )  [Fr.].  In  massage, 
concentric  curves  eccentric;  starting  from  a  point 
taken  as  a  center,  one  describes,  by  circular  move 
ments,  circumferences  wider  and  wider  till  the  outside 
of  the  pail  is  reached  ;  return  is  then  made  by  circles 
smaller  and  smaller  till  the  starting  point  is  reached. 

Attack  [at-tak')  [IT.,  attai/ue"].  The  onset  ol  a  seizure 
or  of  a  disease 

Attar  (at'-ar)  [Pers.,  atar"].     A  general  name  for  any  of 
the  volatile  oils.     A.  of  Rose,  Oil  of  Rose.     The  vol 
atile  oil  distilled  from  the  fresh  flowers  of  the  Damas- 
cene  rose,      ft  comes   mainly  from    P.  Roumelia   and 
is    generally   adulterated    with   other  volatile    oils.       It 

is  used  only  as  a  perfume. 

Attendant  (at-ten'-dant  1  [attendere,  to  attend].  A  non- 
professional attache  of  an  asylum  or  hospital,  espe 
1  tally  of  an  insane  asylum. 

Attention  [at-ten'-shun)  \attentio,  a  giving  heed  to]. 
The  direction  of  the  will  or  thought  upon  an  objei  1  "i 
to  a  particular  sensation .     A.  Time.     See   /  me. 

Attenuant  {at-ten'  u  ant)  [afenuare,  to  male  thin].  A 
medii  ine  "i  agent  increasing  the  fluidity  or  thinness  ..1 
the  blood  or  other  secretion. 

Attenuating  [at-ten' '-u-a-ting)  [attenuai  i»,  to  make  thin]. 
Makingthin    A.  Medium.  See  Fractional  Cultivation. 


ATTENI    \  I  1 1  >\ 


1  I!) 


A  I    RA 


Attenuation  [at-ten-u-a*  shun  \\attenuare,  to  make  thin], 
A  thinning,  narrowing,  or  reduction  of  the  strength 
or  size  of  a  substance.   A.  of  Microbes,  weakening 
pathogenic   virulence  of   microbes   bj    su  cul 

tares  and  other  methods,  so  that  the)  may  be  used  as  a 
vaccine  to  confer  immunity  from  future  attacks  ol  the 
disease.  A.,  Sanderson's  Method  of,  by  passing 
the  virus  through  the  system  oi  anothei  animal  i 

the  guinea  pig,  in  anthrax  |,  so  thai  il  bi  i is  modified 

in  virulency.  Toussaint  and  (  hauveau  have  shown 
that  heat  is  a  valuable  means  of  attenuation  ;  oxygen, 
chemical  reagents,  exposure  to  sunlight,  etc, ,  have  also 
been  used. 

Atterminal  [at-er'-min-al).     See  Adterminal. 

Attic  {af-ik)    [Allicus,  Attic].     Part   of    the   tym] 
cavity  situated  above  the  atrium.     A.  Disease,  chronic 
suppurative  inflammation  oi  the  attic  of  the  tympanum. 

Attitude  i,/-'-. -tud  )  [aptitudo,  aptitude].  See  Posture. 
A.,  Crucifixion,  in  hystero-epilepsy,  a  rigid  state  of 
the  body,  the  arm--  stretched  out  at  right  angles.  A., 
Frozen,  a  peculiar  stiffness  of  the  gait  characteristic 
of  disease  of  the  spinal  cord,  especially  of  amyotrophic 
lateral  sclerosis.  A.,  Passionate,  the  assumption 
of  a  dramatic  or  theatrical  expression,  a  position 
assumed  by  some  hysterical  patients. 

Attollens  [at-oV-enz)  [attollere ,  to  rise  up] .  Applied  to 
muscles  raising  or  elevating  the  part,  as  the  A.  Auris, 
a  muscle  raising  the  external  ear.  See  Muscles, 
Table  of. 

Attraction  (at-rak'-shun)  \attrakere,  to  draw  to].  The 
tendency  of  one  particle  of  matter  to  approach  another. 
Affinity.  As  existing  between  celestial  bodies  it  is 
termed  gravitation,  while  molecular  attraction  ox  cohe- 
sion expresses  the  force  aggregating  molecules  into 
masses.  A.,  Chemical,  the  attraction  of  affinity,  re- 
lates to  the  attraction  of  atoms  of  one  element  to  those 
of  others,  resulting  in  chemical  compounds.  A.,  Cap- 
illary, the  tendency  of  a  curved  surface  or  a  tube  to 
exert  traction  on  a  liquid.  A.,  Electrical,  the  ten- 
dency of  bodies  toward  each  other  when  charged 
with  opposite  electricities.  A.,  Magnetic,  the  influ- 
ence of  a  magnet  upon  certain  metallic  substances, 
chiefly  iron. 

Attrahens  [atf -rah-eni)  [attrahens,  drawing].  Applied 
to  muscles  as  Attrahens  aurem,  a  muscle  drawing 
the  ear  forward  and  upward.  See  Muscles,  Table  of. 
Also  applied  to  medicines  attracting  fluids  to  a  part, 
as  stimulants,  epispastics,  etc. 

Attrahent  [atf -rah-ent)  [attrahens,  drawing].  i. 
Drawing  to;  adducent.  2.  A  drawing  application; 
an  epispasticor  rubefacient. 

Attrition  [at-risk' '-un)  [atterere,  to  rub  against].  An 
abrasion  or  chafing  of  the  skin.  In  physics,  any  rub- 
bing or  friction  that  breaks  or  wears  the  surface. 

Attypic  (at-ipt-ik)  [at,  to;  ri/irog,  a  type].  In  biology, 
possessing  by  acquisition  or  specialization  the  charac- 
ters of  a  prototype. 

Atypic  [ah-tip/-ik\  [d  priv.  ;  ri-oc,  a  type].  Irregular; 
not  conformable  to  the  type.  A.  Fever,  an  inter- 
mittent lever  with  irregularity  of  the  paroxysm. 

Atypical  [ah-tipf-ik-al).      See  Atypic. 

Auante  [aw-anf -te)  [avavrq;  avaivecv,  todry].  A  wast- 
ing or  atrophy. 

Auantic  \aw-an' -tik)  [avavriic6g,  wasted].  Character- 
ized by  wasting ;  atrophic. 

Aubernage  [o-bar-nakzh')  [Fr.l.  A  contagious  disease 
of  the  vine,  called  by  the  Italians  the  Black  Disease. 
It  is  doubtful  whether  it  is  due  to  a  fungus  or  a  bac- 
terium. Cf.  Bacterium  gutnmis,  comes,  under  Ba  - 
teria,  Synonymatic  Table  of. 

Auburn  System.     See  Ventilation. 

Auctioneers'  Cramp.      See  Cramp. 


Audimeter  [aw  dimf  ei  er).      Si  e  Audi 

Audiometer  md-et-er)  [audire,  to  heai 

a  nn  <  un  ]       Aii  instrument  lor  measuring  tie-  acute- 
1  ing. 

Audiometric      1  nef-rik)      [audire,     to     hear; 

10V,  a  measuri  |       Relating  to  audiometry. 

Audiometry  [audire,  to  heai 

a  measure].      I  he    measurement,   or   testing,  of  the 
of  hearing. 

Audiphone    [aw'  [audire,    to    he  vi],   a 

sound].  An  instrument  for  improving  thi  power  of 
hearing  by  conveying  sounds  through  the  bones  of 
tin-  head  to  the  labyrinl  h. 

Audition  [aw-disk' '-un)  [audire,  to  heai].  The  act  of 
hearing.  A.  coloree,  a  peculiar  association  between 
the  auditory  and  optic  nerves,  by  which  a  certain 
sound  or  musical  note  will  give-  rise  to  a  subjective 
sensation  ol  color,  the  same  note  in  the  same  person 
being  always  assoi  iated  with  the  same  color. 

Auditory  [aw> '-dit-o-re)  [audire,  to  hear].  Pertaining 
to  the  act  or  the  organs  of  hearing.  A.  After-Sensa- 
tions, the  sensation-  oi  sounds  continuing  or  occurring 
alter  the  cessation  of  the  stimulus.  A.  Amnesia.  5i 
Mind-deafness.  A.  Area,  the  cerebral  center  for  hear- 
ing ;  its  location  is  not  definitely  determined.  A. 
Aura,  auditory  sensation  preceding  an  attack  of  epi- 
lepsy. A.  Center,  same  as  A.  .Ir,,/.  A.  Hairs, the 
processes  of  the  crista  acustica,  at  present  of  indeter- 
minate function.  A.  Meatus  (external  and  internal  1, 
the  external  and  internal  canals  or  openings  of  the  ear. 
A.  Nerve,  the  portio  mollis  of  the  seventh  pair  of 
cranial  nerves.  A.  Ossicles,  the  chain  of  small  bones 
of  the  middle  ear.  A.  Sac,  the  labyrinth,  pit,  or  de- 
pression in  the  epiblast  on  both  sides  of  the  embrvo- 
logic  after-brain.  When  cut  off  from  the  epiblast  it 
is  called  the  vesicle  of  the  labyrinth,  or  Primary 
Auditory  Vesicle.  A.  Teeth.  See  Teeth.  A. 
Vertigo,  dizziness  due  to  pathologic  conditions  1  >f 
the  ear.     See   /  'ertigo  and  Meniere' s  Disease. 

Auditus  (a-io-tli'-fus)  [1..].  Hearing;  the  sense  or 
power  of  hearing. 

Auerbach's  Ganglia.     See  Ganglia,  Table  of. 

Auerbach's  Plexus.     See  Plexuses.  Tabic 

Augment  [awg -ment)  [augmentum,  increase].  The 
increasing  stage  of  a  fever  or  other  acute  disease. 

Augmentation  [awg-men-taf -shun)  [augmentatio,  an 
increasing].  I.  Same  as  Augment.  2.  Increase  in  the 
violence  of  symptoms. 

Augnathus    [awg-na' -thus)   [ai,  besides;    yvaBoc,  the 
jaw].      A  monster  with  two  lower  jaw-.     See   />.- 
sopus. 

Aula  [aw'-lah)  [av/Ji,  a  hall  or  open  court].     1.   The 
common   mesal    cavity  of  the  cerebrum,  it  being  also 
the    anterior    portion    of  the    third     ventricle.      2.     In 
biology,   a    space   or    cavity    formed    by  a  colony    1  I 
infusorians. 

Aulatela  [aw-lat-ef  lah)  [aula,  a  hall;  tela,  a  web]. 
The  roof  or  covering  membrane  of  the  aula. 

Aulic  [aw'-lik)  [ni'/i/,  a  hall].  I!  :longing  or  pertaining 
to  the  aula.  A.  Recess,  a  triangular  depression 
between  the  precommissure  and  the  two  fornicolumns 
of  the  brain. 

Auliplexus  [mv-le-pleks'  us)  [aula,  hall  ;  plexus,  a  net- 
work].     The  choroid  plexus  of  the  aula. 

Aulix  [awf  -liks)[aulix,  a  furrow].  The  sulcus  of  Monro, 
a  groove  on  the  mesal  surface  of  the  thalamus  just 
ventrad  of  the  medicommissure. 

Aulophyte  [aw/-/o-fit)  \av7i6q,  a  pipeor  tube;  <f>v~6v,  a 
plant].  In  biology,  a  symbiotic  plant  ;  one  that  lives 
within  another,  but  not  as  a  parasite. 

Aura  [1       •'.  a    breath]        A    biv  ind  ; 

a  -oft  vapor.      A    sensation   sometimes  like   a  gentle 


U  KA1 


l.')(l 


AUSCULTA1  I.  US 


current  of  air  rising  from  the  limbs  or  body  to  the 
head;  a  frequent  forerunner  of  an  epileptic  attack, — 
aura  epileptica.  Also  applied  toanyslight  symptom 
I  receding  an  attack  of  any  disease  <>r  paroxysm,  as  the 
aura  hysterica,  intra  vet  .  et<       A.  seminalis 

theory,  a  thtorv  of  Swammerdam,  who,  observing  a 
strong  odor  from  drone  bees,  supposed  that  this,  per- 
meating the  body  of  the  queen,  fertilized  the  eggs. 

Aural  {a?i/-ral)   [auris,  the  ear].      Relating  to  thi 
or  to  hearing.     A.  Vertigo.     See  Meniere'  .^  Disease. 

Aurally  {av/-ral-e)  [auris,  the  ear].  By  means  of  the 
ear. 

Auramin  {an/ -ram-in)  [aurum,  gold ;  amin\.  \  rellow 
Pyoktanin,  </.  v.  :  a  yellow  anilin  color  used  to  some 
extent  as  a  bactericide  and  preventive  of  suppuration. 
Unof..    See  G  nspectus  of  Pigments,  under  Pigment. 

Aurantia    [aw-ran* -she-aK)    [aurantium,  an    orange]. 
An  orange  coal-tar  dye;  an  ammonium  salt  of  hexa- 
nitro-diphenyl-amin.      The  use  of  this  dye  has  been 
said    to    produce    skin-diseases.     See     Conspectus    of 
Pigments,  under  Pigment. 

Aurantium  [aw-ran' '-she-um)  [L. :  gen.,  Aurantit], 
i  (range.  The  fruit  of  Citrus  vulgaris  and  (".  auran- 
tium. Both  the  (lowers  and  the  rind  of  the  fruit  are 
employed  in  medicine.  The  volatile  oil  from  the  rind 
is  aromatic  and  a  mild  tonic  but  is  used  mainly  as  a 
flavor;  A.  amara,  Ext.  Fid.,  bitter  orange  peel,  alco- 
hol, and  water.  Used  as  a  flavor.  Dose  p|  ss-j.  A. 
amara,  Tinct.,  bitter  orange  peel  20,  dilute  alcohol, 
.  ad  100.  Dosegj-ij.  A.  corticis,  Ol.,  the  vola- 
tile oil  expressed  from  the  rind  of  the  orange.  Dose 
gtt.  j— v.  A.  dulcis,  Tinct.,  sweet  orange  peel  20, 
dilute  alcohol,  q.  s.  ad  loo.  Dose  jj-ij-  A.,  Elixir, 
oil  of  orange  I,  sugar  100,  alcohol  and  water,  q.  s.  ad 
30  \  A.  flores,  Aq.,  fresh  orange  tlowers  40,  water 
203.  Distil  to  100  parts.  A.  riorum,  Ol.,  "  oil  of 
neroli."  a  volatile  oil  distilled  from  fresh  orange 
tlowers.  Dose  gtt.  j-v.  A.  florum,  Syr.,  sugar  85, 
orange-flower  water  q.  s.  A  flavoring-agent.  A., 
Infus.  (1!.  P.).  Dose  §j-ij.  A.,  Infus.,  Comp. 
(B.  P.).  Dose  §j— ij.  A.,  Spt.,  oil  of  orange  6, 
alcohol  94.  Dose  according  to  quantity  of  alcohol 
desired.  A.,  Spt.,  Comp.,  oil  of  orange-peel,  20,  oil 
of  lemon  5,  oil  of  coriander  2,  oil  of  anise  5>  deodor- 
ized  alcohol  q.  s.  A.,  Syr.,  sweet-orange  peel,  precipi- 
tated calcium  phosphate,  each  5,  sugar  70,  alcohol  and 
water  q.  s.  A.,  Tinct.  (B.  P.).  hose  gj-ij.  A., 
Tinct.  Recentis  (B.  P.),  tinct.  of  fresh  orange-peel. 
Dosegj-ij,    A.,Vinumii;   P. ),  12  percent  of  alcohol. 

Auricle  (aw'-rik-l)  [auricula,  the  outer  ear].  The 
pinna  and  external  meatus  of  the  ear.  The  auricles 
of  the  heart  are  the  two  cavities  between  the  veins  and 
the  ventricles.      See  Circulation,  and  //car/. 

Auricular  {aw-rik' -u-lar)  [auricula,  the  outer  ear]. 
Relating  to  the  auricle,  or  to  the  ear  ;  as  the  auricular 
nerve,  arteries,   vein  .  The  Auricular  arteries, 

anterior  and  posterior,  are  branches  of  the  temporal 
and  external  carotid,  supplying  the  auricle  of  the  ear. 
A.  Finger,  the  little  finger.  A.  Fissure.  See 
fissure.  A.  Foramen,  the  outlet  of  the  meatus  of 
the  ear.  A.  Lymphatics,  small  lymphatic  glands 
near  the  upper  end  of  the  5t<  rno  mastoid  muscle.  A. 
Point,  the  central  point  of  the  auricular  foramen. 
aniometrical  Points. 

Auriculars  {aw-rik1 '-u-larz)  [auricula,  the  ear].  In 
biology,  the  feathered  ana  that  conceals  the  ears  in 
most  birds;   regio-auricularis. 

Auriculo-bregmatic  [aw-rik' ' -u-lo-breg-mat' '-ik)  [auri- 
cula,  the  ear  ;  1p£y/ia,  a  soft  spot].  Relating  to  the 
auricle  and  to  the  bregma. 

Auriculo-occipital>/7.'  rik' ' -u-lo-ok-sip* '-it-al)[auricula, 
the  ear;    occiput,  the  back  of  the  head].      Pertaining 


both  to  the  ear  and  the  back  of  the  head.  A.  Trian- 
gle.     See    liiai: 

Aunculo-parotidean  {aw-rik* -u-lo-par-ot-id'-e-anS  [au- 
ricula, the  ear;  Kupurric,  the  parotid  gland].  Relat- 
ing to  the  auricle  and  to  the  parotid  gland. 

Aunculo-temporal  {aw-rik/-u-lo-tem/-po-ral)  [auric- 
ula, the  ear  ;  tempora,  the  temple-].  Relating  to  the 
auricle  and  to  the  temporal  region.  A.  nerve,  a 
branch  ol  the  inferior  maxillary,  supplying  superficial 
parts  about  the  auricle. 

AuTiculo-yentticu\ar{aw-rik/-u-lo-ven-trik/-u-lar)[au- 
ricula,  the  ear ;  ventriculus,  the  ventricle].  Relating 
to  an  auricle  and  a  ventricle  of  the  heart.  A.  open- 
ing, the  opening  between  the  amities  and  the  ventri- 
cles of  the  heart. 

Auriform  {aw* -rif-omi)  [auris,  the  ear;  forma,  shape]. 
Bar-shaped. 

Aurigo  {aw  /  /'  s  1  [  I ..].  An  incorrect  form  of  the  word 
aurugo. 

Aunlave  {a:e'  -ril-ar)  [auris,  the  ear  ;  ItiTare,  to  wash]. 
An  ear  brush  or  ear  sponge  mounted  upon  a  handle. 

Aurin  {aw/-rin)  [aurum.  gold],  C19Hu08.  Pararosolic 
acid  ;  a  body  produced  on  boiling  the  diazo-hydro- 
chlorid  of  para-rosanilin  with  water.  It  dissolves  in 
glacial  acetic  acid  and  alcohol,  crystallizes  in  dark-red 
needles  or  prisms  with  metallic  luster,  and  decomposes 
when  heated  above  2200.  It  is  a  dye-stuff  used  in 
printing  calicoes  and  woolens  and  for  pigments,  and 
produces  orange-red  colors.  See  Conspectus  of  Pig- 
ments, under  Pigment. 

Auripigmenti>r, '-rip-ig'-ment  \[auripigmentum,  golden 
pigment].     See  Orpiment. 

Auripuncture  {aw'-re-punkt-cAur)  [auris,  ear;  punc- 
tura,  puncture].  Surgical  or  traumatic  puncture  of 
the  membrana  tympani. 

Auris  {aw'-ris)  [L.].     The  ear. 

Auriscalp  {aw/-ris-kalp)  [auris,  the  ear;  seal/are,  to 
scrape].      An  ear-pick  or  probe  for  the  ear. 

Auriscope  (aw/-ris-kdp)  [auris,  the  ear;  cnoireiv,  to 
examine].  An  instrument  for  examining  the  ear,  and 
especially  the  Eustachian  passage  ;   an  otoscope. 

Aurist  {aw'-rist)  [auris,  the  ear],  A  specialist  in  dis- 
eases of  the  ear. 

Aurugo  {aw-ruf-go)  [I..].  Yellowness;  jaundice; 
icterus. 

Aurum  {aw'-rum)  [I..:  gen.,  Auri~\.  Gold.  Au  = 
196.7;  quanti valence,  in.  One  of  the  metals  char- 
acterized as  "noble"  by  the  am  nut-,  because  of  its 
weight  and  luster.  It  has  a  brilliant  yellow  color  and 
will  not'tamish.  The  metal  is  sometimes  used  as  a 
plate  on  which  artificial  teeth  are  set.  The  chlorid 
locallv  is  an  escharotic.  Internally  its  action  resem- 
bles that  of  mercuric  chlorid.  In  small  doses  it  pro- 
motes digestion  and  stimulates  the  functions  of  the 
brain;  in  large  doses  it  is  a  violent  poison.  It  is  useful 
in  certain  forms  of  dyspepsia,  hypochondriasis,  amen- 
orrhea, and  functional  impotence.  Poisoning  is 
treated  by  albumen  (eggs)  or  flour,  and  evacuation 
of  the  stomach.  A.  brom.,  Aul'.r,,  is  used  in  epi 
lepsy    and    migraine.       Dose    gr.      .',,     '  .       A.    et    sodii 

chlor.,  soluble  in  water.  Dose  gr.  ',,  ,',,.  A.  chlo- 
ridum  (unof.).  Soluble.  Dose  gr.  za-^o-  Gold 
chlorid  is  aKo  valued  as  a  stain  for  sections  ol  brain  - 
tissue  and  oi  nerve  ganglia  ;  it  has  been  vaunted  as  a 
cure  for  the  alcoholic  habit. 

Auscult,  or  Auscultate  {aws-kuW ;  aws' '-kul-tdt)  [au 
cultare,  to  listen  to].     To  perform  or  practise  ausculta- 
tion;   to  examine  by  auscultation. 

Auscultation  {aws-kul-ta'-sfiun)  [auscultare,  to  listen 
to].  A  method  of  investigation  of  the  functions  and 
condition  of  the  respirator),  circulatory,  digestive,  and 
other  organ-  by  the  sounds  they  themselves  give  out,  or 


A  I  SCI  LTATl  >RY 


151 


At  TOPHAGIA 


that  are  elicited  by  percussion.  It  is  called  immediate, 
when  the  ear  is  directly  applied  to  the  part,  and 
mediate,  if  by  the  aid  of  the  stethoscope.  Obstetru 
auscultation  is  practised  in  pregnancy  to  detect  or 
study  the  fetal  ln-art  sounds  or  the  placental  murmur. 
See  Murmur,  Respiration,  R&les,  Rhonchus,  /-Iron 
chophony,  Pectoriloquy,  Egophony,  Bruit,  Souffle,  et< 
A. -tube,  in  otology,  an  instrument  for  listening  to 
the  forced  passage  of  air  through  the  ear  of  anothi  i 

Auscultatory  [aws-kul' '-tat-or-e)  \auscultare,  to  listen 
to].  Relating  to  auscultation.  A.  Percussion,  tin- 
practise  of  auscultation  by  one  person,  while  another 
practises  percussion. 

Australian  [aws-trai V '-yan)  [Australia].      ( )f  or  belong- 
ing  to    Australia.     A.    Blight.     See    Angio-neui 
Edema,      A.    Sassafras.      See    Atherosperma    mos- 
ckata, 

Autacanthid  [aw-tak-an' -thid)  [avrbq,  self;  aitavda, 
a  spine].  In  biology,  applied  to  a  star-fish  having 
many  of  the  spines  on  special  plates. 

Autechoscope     [aw-tekf -o-skop)     \avr6q,     self; 

sound;  onoireZv,  to  inspect].  A  device  for  enabling 
a  person  to  listen  to  sounds  produced  within  his  own 
body. 

Autecious,  or   Autcecious    [aw-tef -shus)    [avroq,  self; 
roc,   dwelling].      In   biology,    same    as    Mone  i 
also  applied   to  parasitic  fungi  that  pass  through  all 
the  stages  of  their  existence  on  the  same  host. 

Autenrieth  and  Hinsberg's  Test.      See  7'rsts,  Table 

of. 

Autocarpous  (aw-to-kar* '-pus)  \_ahror,  self;  Kapirdg, 
fruit].  In  biology,  said  of  a  fruit  consisting  of  a  supe- 
rior and  free  ovary. 

Autocatheterism  [aw-to-kath' '-et-er-izm)  \ovt6c,  self; 
Katiiri/p,  a  catheter].  The  passage  of  a  catheter  by 
a  person  upon  himself. 

Autocatheterist  [aw-to-kathf -et-er-isf)  [avroq,  self; 
Kafkri/f),  a  catheter].  One  who  practises  autocatheter- 
ism. 

Autocatheterization  [aw-to-kath-et-er-iz-af  -shun).  The 
process  of  catheterizing  one's  self. 

Autochthon  [aw-tok' '-thun)  [avrdxduv,  sprung  from  the 
land].     An  aboriginal  inhabitant. 

Autochthonous  [aw-tok'-thon-us)  [ai-u  \ih,)r,  sprung 
from  the  land].  Aboriginal ;  formed  (as  a  clot)  in 
the  place  where  it  is  found. 

Autocinesis  [aw-to-sin-e' '-sis)  [avrdq,  self;  Kivjjoig,  mo- 
tion].   Motion  that  is  voluntary,  or  apparentlv  so. 

Autocinctic^aw-to-sin-ef-ik)  [diroc,  self;  Kxvrfaiq,  mo- 
tion].   Possessed  of  the  power  of  spontaneous  motion. 

Autoclave  [avZ-to-klav)  \_avroq,  self;  clavis,  a  key]. 
I.  Self-fastening;  closing  itself.  2.  An  instrument  for 
sterilizing  or  killing  germ-life  by  steam-heat,  the  gauge 
indicating  automatically  the  pressure,  and  therefore  the 
degree  of  heat,  to  which  the  microorganism  is  sub- 
jected. 

Autodiagnosis  [aw-to-di-ag-no/ -sis)  [avrbq,  self; 
Sidyvuaig,  a  discovering].  Self-diagnosis;  the  morbid 
impression  sometimes  possessed  by  a  patient  that  he  is 
affected  with  some  particular  disease.  This  impression 
may  amount  to  a  fixed  and  dominant  idea. 

Autodidact  [awf -to-di-dakt)  \avr6q,  self;  didaicrbq, 
taught].     One  who  is  self-taught  in  his  profession. 

Autodigestion  [aw-to-di-jes' -chun)  [avrbq,  self;  digere, 
to  digest].  Digestion  of  the  walls  of  the  stomach  by 
the  gastric  juice  consequent  upon  loss  of  the  epithe- 
lium, or  upon  other  gastric  disease.      Autopepsia. 

Autogamous  [aw-tog/ -am-us)  \avr6q,  self;  ydfioq.  mar- 
riage]. In  botany,  a  name  applied  to  (lowers  that  are 
habitually  self- fertilizing. 

Autogenesis     [aw-to-jenr -es-is)     \av~6q,   self;  J    . 

production].    Spontaneous  generation  ;  self-production. 


Autogenetic  (aw-to  jen  >  t'  ik)  \avr6t ,  self  .  pro- 

duction]. Developed  l>y  or  due  to  autogenesis;  pro- 
duced, as  disease,  within  the  organism;  not  enthetic. 

Autogenous   [aw-toj' '-en-us)   \_avr6q,  self;  .   pro 

duction].     Pertaining   to  diseases  or  conditions  self- 
producing  within  the  body  and  not  derived  from  exter- 
nal or  objective  sources;   applied  to  poisons  genet 
in  the  body  by  its  inherent  pn  puerperal 

fever  has  been  falsely  supposed  to  be  due  to  self-gen 
eration  of  the  5epti(    material. 

Autographic  graf'-ik)   [<  r,  to 

write].       Self-registering.      A.    Skin,    a  condition   of 

vas tor   paralysis,  usually  in  hysterical   patients,  in 

which   marl.iiiL--    made  upon   the  skin    form   q 

nt   and   intensely   red   traces.     A.  Woman,  one 
with  an  Autographic  Skin. 

Autographism  '         raf-izm)   [ovt6c,  - 

to  write].  The  condition  observed  in  the  so-called 
autographic  skin;  dermographism.  See  Urticaria 
factitia. 

Autographist  [awf-t  '    '  '      ,  "',  to 

write],     <  Ine  who  has  an  autographic  skin. 

Autohypnotism  [aw-to-hipf -not-izm)  \avr6q,  self; 
inrvoq,  sleep].  Mental  stupor  induced  by  dwelling  in- 
tensely upon  some  all-absorbing  delusion.  See  also 
Statu  70/ 

Autoinoculation  [aw-to-in-ok-u-la* -shun)  \_airor.  self; 
inoculare,  to  implant].  Reinoculation  by  virus  ob- 
tained from  the  same  person. 

Autointoxication  [aw-to-in-toks-ik-a'  -shun).  See  Au 
totoxic. 

Autokinesis     [aw-to-kin-ef -sis)     \  ■     -     . 

movement],  i.  Voluntary  movement ;  movement  not 
reflex  or  allokinetic.  2.  Movement  that  is  appar- 
ently not  volitional,  but  that  arises  from  causes  within 
the  organism. 

Autokinetic  [aw-to-kin-ef -ik)  \avr6q,  self;  Kivqaic,  move- 
ment].     Pertaining  to,orof  the  nature  of, autokinesis. 

Autolaryngoscopy  [aw-to-lar-ing-gos' '-ko-pe)  [avrbi . 
self;  '/('if>r]z,  the  larynx  ;  0x1  7  to  examine].  The 
examination  of  one's  larynx  by  himself. 

Auto-massage  [aw-to-mas-sahzhf)  [avroc,  self;  uaa- 
aeiv,  to  knead].  Self-massage;  therapeutic  manipula- 
tions of  the  body  performed  by  the  patient  himself. 

Automatic  [aw-to-maf '-ik)  \avTOfiarirttv,  to  act  spon- 
taneously]. Performed  without  the  influence  of  the 
will.  A.  Plugger,  an  instrument  adapted  for  pound- 
ing gold  foil  in  the  cavities  of  teeth. 

Automatism  [aw-tomf -at-iztn)  [avTOftaTit^eiv,  to  act 
spontaneously].  The  performance  of  acts  without 
apparent  volition,  as  seen  in  certain  somnambulists 
and  in  some  hysterical  and  epileptic  patients. 

Automatograph   [aw-to-maf  [avrofiariCetv,   to 

act  spontaneously;   ,  ,  to    record].      An    instru- 

ment for  registering  involuntary  movements  of  the  hand. 

Automaton  [aw-tom' -at-on)  [nvrotiaroq,  spontaneous], 
<  hie  who  acts  in  an  involuntary  or  mechanical  man- 
ner.     A.  Blowpipe.     See  Blowpipe. 

Automysophobia  -mis-o-fi  ~    .   self; 

livooq,  filth;  <»'  (0?,  fear].  Insane  dread  of  personal 
uncleanliness. 

Autonomy    [aw-tonr -o-me)   [airr     .    self;    vduaq,   law]. 
The  independent  existenceof  a  disease  or  of  a  mate 
morbi  within  the  organism. 

Autonyctobatesis  [aw-to-nik-to-bat-e* '-sis)  \avr6q,  self; 
1  >i  f .  night;    toiveiv,  to  walk].      Somnambulism. 

Autopathic  [aw-to-path* -ik)  \avr6q,  self ;  irdOoq,  suffer- 
ing].     The  same  as  Endopathic. 

Autopepsia  [aw-to-pep '-se-ah)  [avrbq,  self ;  Trirrreiv,  to 
digest].      Autodigestion. 

Autophas:ia  [aw-to-pha' '-Je-ah)  [avrdq,  self;  (jtayelv,  to 
eat].      Self-consumption;    emaciation. 


ALU  >PHAGOUS 


152 


A\  1  \l\ 


Autophagou- 

eat].      In  biology,  self-feeding  hatched. 

Autophagy 

In  starvation  tin-  absorption  of  the  ti-stu-s  themselves 

lor  nutrition.     Life  may  be  thus  continued  until  about 

half  the  body-weight  has  been  consumed. 
Autophilia  .to  love]. 

Morbid  £  i  in. 

Autophobia  self  fear]. 

A  iiH  »rbid  dread  r  oi   -■  .1  im. It- . 

Autophonia  See  Autophony. 

Autophonomani.i  a'-ne-ah)   [n 

suicide  madness].     Suicidal  mania. 

Autophonous  [avroc,    self;      ouh-i,, 

voice].      Having  the  character  <>i  autophony. 
Autophonv  self ;  i     ;-,,  voice].    In 

auscultation,  the   peculiar  quality  of  the    physician's 
while    listening    to    the    patient's    chest- 
rids. 
Autophthalmoscope  law-toff-thal' '-mo-skop) .  See  Oph- 

Autophyllogeny  [aw-to-fil-oy -en-e)  \ovt6q,  self;  oi//<n\ 
lea'  .  production].     In  biology,  the  production 

of  leaves  by  K-a\  es. 

Autoplast  (avZ-to-plast)  [  If;  Tchaaaeiv,  to  form] . 

In   biology:    I.    The    chlorophyll  body.      2.    A  cell  of 
independent  spontaneous  origin. 

Autoplasty  [awf -to-plas-te)  \avr6c,  self;  rr'/iiannv.  to 
form].  A  method  of  repairing  the  effects  of  a  wound 
or  lesion  involving  loss  of  tissue  by  grafting  or  implant- 
ing fresh  parts  taken  from  other  portions  of  the  patient's 
body. 

Autopsic  {(iTi'-fop'-sifc)  [<"-"',  self;  ofir,  a  seeing]. 
Relating  to  an  autopsy. 

Autopsy  I      ~    .self;   biptg,  a  seeing] .       i. 

Examination,  or  seeing  one's  own  self;  self-ihspec 
tion.   2.  The  post-mortem  study  of  the  body  of  another. 
The  use  of    the    word    in  this  sense,  however,  is  ety- 
mologically  absurd.      See  Necropsy.. 

Autoscope  [aw' -to-skop)  \avr6g,  self;  GK07relv}  to  see]. 
An  instrument,  e.g.,  the  ophthalmoscope,  arranged 
for  the  examination  of  an  organ  by  oneself. 

Autoscopy  [aw-tos' -ko-pt  •)  \avr6g,  self;  (TK07relv,to  see]. 
The  examination  of  one's  own  organs  or  disease  by 
means  of  an  autoscope. 

Autosite  {aw'-to-sit)  [i  elf;  airog,  food] .  I.  Anion 

r  capable  of  an  independent  existence  after  birth. 
2.  That  member  of  a  double  fetal  monstrosity  that 
nourishes  itself  by  its  own  organs  as  well  as  the  other 
member,  which  is  called  the  parasite. 

Autositk  iit'-ik)  \_avr6g,  self ;  a  roc,  food].     Of 

the  nature  of  an  autosite. 

Autostethoscope      (azu-to-sleth' '-o-skop)     \  self; 

''"<.  (he  breast  ;   anoTrelv,  to  examine].      A  stetho 
scope  so  arranged  that  by  it  one  may  listen  to  his  own 
t-sounds. 

Autosuggestion     i  aw-to-sug-jes' '-churi)     [avr6c, 

n  intimation].      A  term  suggested   bj    P 
for  that  peculiar  mental  condition,  often  developing 
after  railway  accidents;  it  i-  intimately  associated  with 
the    h\;  iate.       In     both    of    I  mditions 

the  mental   spontaneity,  the  will,  or   the  judgment,  is 
more  or  less  suppressed  or  obscured,  and  suggest 

■  iii'-    easy.       Thus    the    slightest    traumatic    action 
directed  to  any  member  may  become  the  o 
paralysis,  of  a  contracture,  or  of  an  arthralgia.    It  i- 
called  traumali  u . 

Autotemnon  <-temf -non)    \av~6q,    self; 

cut].    In  biology,  the  self-dividing  unicellular  organism. 

Autotherapy  \  aw-to-ther* -ap 

a    waiting    on].      The    spontaneous  or  self-cure  of    a 
disease. 


Autotoxemia  [aw-to-toks-e1 '-me-ah)  [at  rtfi  ,self ;  tq^ik6\  , 
a    poison;    ul/xa,    blood].      foxemia    from    poi 
derived  from  the  organism  itself. 

Autotoxic   .,'.v-/  \jovt6q,  self ;  rot-uUiv,  poison] 

Self-empoisonment  through  the  absorption  of  noxious 
products  of  katabolism,  a-  in  uremia.     <  f.  Autointoxi- 

,  ill  10)1. 

Autotoxin      i  .s'lll)     [,,./>..■,      -iif;       r<r-n. 

poison],      An\  product  of  tissue  metamorphosis  with 
in  the  organism  that  has  a  toxic  effect   upon   thai    or 
i-tn. 

Autotransfusion  tranz-fu' -zhun)    \avr6g,   self; 

frans/usio,  a   pouring    lion,  one   vessel  into  another] . 
The  transfer  of  the  blood  to  the  brain    and    oth 
tral  organ>  by  elevating  the  hips  and    legs,  and  by  the 
use  i  if  elastic  bandages 

Autovaccination  [aw-to-vaks-in-a' 'shun)  [oi»r<Jc,  self; 
inare,  to  vaccinate].  The  reinsertion  of  fresh 
vaccine-lymph  upon  the  same  person  from  whom 
it  is  taken,  either  by  the  vaccinated  person  himself 
or  by  some  other  person,  whether  intentionally  or  by 
accident. 

Autumn  (aw* -turn)  [autumnus,  autumn].  The  fall  of 
the  year.  A.  Catarrh.  Synonym  of  Hay-fever,  occur- 
ring in  August  and  the  fall  of  the  year. 

Autumnal  [aiu-tum' '-nal)  \auiumnus,  autumn].  Per 
taining  to  the  fall  of  the  year.  A.  Fever.  Synonym 
of  Typhoid  I  ever,  a.  t. 

Auxanometer  [awks-an-om/ -et-er)  [av^avetv,  to  grow; 
fiirpov,  measure].  An  instrument  used  in  biologic 
study  tor  measuring  the  growth  of  young  organisms. 

Auxe  [awks'-e)  ["'--'/,  increase].  Enlargement  in  bulk 
or  volume. 

Auxesis  '  ■  /  i  [avS-Tjaig,  enlargement] .     Increase 

in  size  or  bulk.  Hypertrophy  is  a  word  often  incor- 
rectly used  where  Auxesis  is  meant. 

Auxetic  {awks-el* -ik)  \av!;r}~iK6e,  enlargement] ,  Charac- 
terized by  auxesis. 

Auxiliary  (awks-il/-e-a-re')  \auxilium,  a  helper] .     Aid 
ing. 

Auxilium  [awks-W '-e-um)  [L.,  "  help  "].  A  wheeled 
\  i  hide  or  ambulance  with  couch  and  mattresses,  for 
use  in  the  service-  of  held  military  hospitals. 

Auxocardia    {awks-o-kar* -de-ah)    [fflfcf/?,  an    incn 
napdia,    the    heart].      The    normal     increase    of     the 
volume    of    the    heart    during    diastole,    in   distinction 
from  meiocardia,  the  diminution  during  systole. 

Auxospore    [awksr -o-spor)    [avijeiv,  u<   grow;    an 

d,   offspring].      A    large    spore    produced,   either 
asexually,  or  by  conjugation,  in  the  Diatdmace 

Auxotonic  t  n'-ik)   [_'"-■"'•  '"    grow  ;     '• 

tension].  Determined  by  growth.  A.  Move- 
ments, in  biology,  movements  due  to  growth  rather 
than  to  stimulation. 

Ava  Kava  [ah'-vah  kah'-vah).     See  Kava-Kava. 

Avalanche    Theory.       Pfliiger's    opinion    that    nerve 
energy  gathers  intensity  a-  it  parses  toward  the  muscles. 

Avelin-^'-7,  Apparatus.  An  apparatus  employed  in  the 
immediate  transfusion  oi  blood,  A.  Curve.  The 
S  shaped  curve  of  tin-  handles  of  obstetric  forceps. 
A.  Operation.     See 

Avena  {av-e'-naJi)    [1..].      A    genus  of    plants.     <  »at 
A.  farina,  oatmeal.      A.  sativa,  the  embryo  of  the 
the  seed  of  the  common  oat  plant.     It  contains  stan  h, 
gluten,  lied  diastase,  and  a  small  amount 

of  alkaline  phosphates,  and  is  a  nutritious  food.      I  i 
of  the  concentrated  tinct.  or  fid.   e\t.  rrpx-3  ij.     The 
pericarp  contains  an  alkaloid  pos  oi     slighl  nar- 

cotic powers.      I  Inof. 

Avenin     (av-e'-nin)     [avena,  the  oat].      1.   A  precipi- 
tate   mad'-    from    a    tincture    of    nvn.i     sativa,    or    the 
It  i-  :i  n  ;rve  stimulant  and  tonic.     Unof.     2.   A 


AVENS 


153 


AZ<  M< 


nitrogenous  principle  obtained  from  the  oat,  and 
nearly  identical  with  legumin  ;  the  gluten  casein 
of  oats. 

Avens   i  [Welsh,  afans\.      A  name    given    to 

several  plants  of  the  genus  Geum.  A.  Root,  the  root 
of  Geum  rivale,  a  tonic  and  astringent.  It  contains 
gallic  and  tannic  acids.     Doseoi  fld.  ext.  3  ss— j.    1  nof. 

Avery's  Operation.     See  Operations,   Table 

Aviation  [a  ve  a/-shun)  [avis,  a  bird].    Artificial  flight. 

Avidity   [av-id' -it-e)   [avidus,  greedy].      In   chemi 
the  tendency  of  certain    weak  acids,  in   suitable  con- 
ditions, to  dispossess  even   the  strongest  acids  and  to 
unite  with  their  bas< 

Avocado  Pear  (av-o-ha'-do).     See  Alligator  Pear. 

Avogadro,  Law  of.     See  Law  and  Amp 

Avoirdupois  Weight  [av-or-du-poiz'  wat)  [Fr.,  avoir, 
to  have  ;  du  poids,  of  weight].  The  common  English 
weight  used  for  all  commodities  except  precious  metals, 
gems  and  medicines.  The  pound  is  equal  to  7000 
grains  Troy,  or  453.54  grams,  or  10  ounces.  The 
ounce  is  divide. 1  into  16  drams,  each  of  437.5  grains. 
See  Weights  and  Measures. 

Avulsion  {av-ul' -shun)  [avulsio  ;  avellere,  to  tear 
away],  A  traumatic  or  surgical  tearing  or  wrenching 
away  of  a  part,  as  a  polypus,  a  limb,  eti  . 

Awn  \ii:un)  [a^ya,  chaff].  The  bristle  or  beard  of 
barley,  oats,  etc;   or  any  other  similar  appendage. 

Axial  [aks'-e-al)  [axis,  axis].  Pertaining  to  or  situated 
in  an  axis.  A.  Current.  Same  as  /.  Stream.  A 
Hypermetropia.  See  Hypermetropia.  A.  Stream. 
The  name  given  to  the  red  column  in  a  vessel  at  the 
seat  of  inflammation.  The  blood-corpuscles  are 
separated,  the  red  being  packed  together  in  the  center 
of  the  vessel,  while  between  this  and  the  walls  of  the 
vessel  is  a  clear  layer  of  serum  in  which  the  white  cor- 
puscles roll  along.      See  Poiseuille's  Sparc. 

Axiferous  (aks-if -er-us)  [axis,  axis;  ferre,  to  bear]. 
In  biology,  producing  a  stem-like,  ieafless  axis,  ascer- 
tain fungi  and  algre. 

Axilemma  {aks/-il-em-ah)  [axis,  axis;  M/i/ia,  husk, 
skin].  In  histology,  an  elastic  sheath  composed  of 
neurokeratin  enclosing  the  axis  cylinder  of  medullated 
nerve-fibers. 

Axilla  (aks-il'-ah)  [L.  :  />/.,  Axilla^.      The  armpit. 

Axillar  (aks'-il-ar)  [axilla,  axil].  In  biology,  one  of 
the  tufts  of  soft  leathers  growing  from  the  axilla,  and 
forming  part  of  the  under  wing-coverts  of  a  bird. 

Axillary  (aks'-il-a-rc)  [axilla,  axil].  Pertaining  to  the 
axilla.  A.  Artery,  the  continuation  of  the  subclavian 
artery,  extending  from  the  lower  border  of  the  first  rib 
to  the  insertion  of  the  pectoralis  major  muscle,  where 
it  becomes  the  brachial.  See  Arteries,  Table  of.  A. 
Glands,  the  lymphatic  glands  in  the  axilla.  A. 
Plexus,  the  brachial  plexus,  formed  by  the  last  three 
cervical  and  the  first  dorsal  nerves.  A.  Space,  t ln- 
irregular  conical  space  of  the  axilla.  A.  Vein,  a 
continuation  of  the  brachial,  corresponding  with  the 
artery  and  terminating  in  the  subclavian  vein. 

Axin  [aks'-in)  [axinus\  A  fatty  and  varnish-like  sub- 
stance produced  in  Mexico  by  an  insect,  Coccus 
axinus.  It  is  used  in  the  arts  and  locally  in  medicine, 
being  regarded  as  a  good  vulnerary  and  resolvent. 

Axis  {aksf-is)  [I,,  for  axletree].  I.  An  imaginary  line 
passing  through  the  center  of  a  body.  2.  The  second 
cervical  vertebra.  A.,  Basicranial,  in  craniometry,  a 
line  drawn  from  the  basion  to  the  middle  of  the  anterioi 
border  of  the  cerebral  surface  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 
A.,  Basifacial,  in  craniometry,  a  line  drawn  from  the 
anterior  border  of  the  cerebral  surface  of  the  sphenoid 
to  the  alveolar  point.  A.,  Binauricular,  in  cranio- 
metry, the  imaginary  line  joining  the  two  auricular 
point--.       A.,    Cerebrospinal,   the     central     nervous 


system.      A.  Cylinder  (of  a  nerve), the  conducting 
essentia]  pari  "I    a  nerve   lying  in  the  center  and  sur 
rounded    by    the    sheath    ol     Schwann.       Ii 

(ailed  1  i  1  1 ,1    I  •  .  A.,  Frontal    ol 

the  eye),  an  imaginary  line  running  through  the  eyeball 
from  right  to  left,  and  corresponding  with  the  m 
in.  Hi-  ol  el  vation  and  depression  ol  the  ,  \,  ball.  A., 
Optic,  the  line  from  the  corneal  apex  to  the-  macula 
lutea.  A.,  Optical,  an  imaginary  line  passing  from 
the   center  ol  th  iece  of  a  microscope  through 

the  body,  objective,  stage  and  sub-stage,  to  the 
mirror.  A.,  Sagittal  (of  the  .  ye),  an  imaginary  line 
running  through  the  eyeball  from  before  backward, 
and  coinciding  with  the  line  of  vision.  A.,  Visual, 
the  line  from  the  object  through  the  nodal  point  to 
the-  macula. 

Axle  Teeth  {aks'-l  teth) .     -  th. 

Axogaster   [aks' '-o-gas-ter)   [al-wv,  a\i- ;   yaoTT/p,  stom- 
ach].      In   biology  the   principal   intestine,    tie 
principalis . 

Axon  [aks'-on)  [ai-uv,  an  axis].  The  axis  of  the  body  ; 
especially  the  bony  axis  of  the  neuro-skeleton. 

Axospermous  [aks-o-sperm' '-us)  [at-wv,  axis;  <ttt 
seed].  In  biology,  applied  to  fruits  the  seed 
which  are  attached  to  an  axial  placenta. 

Axungia  [aks-un' -je-ah)  [L.:  gen.,  Axungioz\.  Fat; 
lard  ;  adeps. 

Ayres's  Operation.      See  Operations,  Table 

Azale  (az-dl' j.  See  Conspectus  oj  Pigments,  under  Pig- 
ment. 

Azalein  [az-a'-l  in).  Same  as  Rosanilin.  See  aUo 
(  onspectus  of  Pigments,  under  Pigment. 

Azarin  (az'-ar-in).  See  Conspectus  of  Pigments,  under 
Pigment 

Azedarach  (a:  ed/-ar-ak)  [Pers.  a.aJ,  free  ;  diraiht,a. 
tree].  Pride  of  China,  the  bark  of  Me  Ha  azedarach, 
an  Asiatic  tree  naturalized  in  the  southern  U.  S.  It 
occur-  in  curved  pieces  or  quills,  having  a  sweetish 
taste.  The  decoction,  ^  ij  to  1  ij.  i-  a  gastrointestinal 
irritant  and  anthelmintic  against  the  round-worm. 
Dose  §ss-j.  A.,  Ext.  Fid.  Dose  _^j.  A.,  Tinct- 
ura,  1  to  8.      Dose  JJss-ij.     I'nof. 

Azerin  \az'-er-in)    [badly   formed   from   a  priv.  ;    _- 
dry].      A    ferment   analogous  to  ptyalin  and  found    in 
the   digestive  secretion-   of  I  .    Nepenthes,   and 

probably  all  other  insectivorous  plants.  It  is  actively 
antiseptic  and  strongly  deliquescent,  and  hastens 
rapidly  the  wetting  of  flies  that  fall  into  its  solution. 

Azobenzene  [az-o-ben' '-zin)  [ii  priv.;  Twroc,  living; 
benzoin],  (',  J  I  ,,,\  \  compound  formed  by  the  action 
of  sodium  amalgam  upon  the  alcoholic  solution  of 
nitro-benzene.  It  forms  orange-red.  rhombic  crystal-, 
readily  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether,  but  sparingl) 
soluble  in  water.  It  melt-  at  (>N°,  and  distils  at 
2930. 

Azo-compounds.     In  chemistry,  compounds  interme 
diate    between    the   nitrocompounds   and   the   amido- 
compounds,    and    made    from    the    former    by   partial 
reduction,  or   from   the   latter  by  partial   oxidation. 

Azodiphenyl  Blue.      Same  as  Coupier's  Blue. 

Azo-dyes.  A  well  defined  group  of  the  coal-tar  color-, 
all  containing  the  diatomic  group —  N  —  N  — ,  bound 
on  either  side  to  a  benzene  radical.  They  may  be 
prepared  by  reduction  of  the  nitrocompound-  in 
alkaline  solution-,  or  by  acting  on  diazo-compound- 
with  phenols  or  amins  of  the  aromatic  series.  I  he 
azo-dyes  are  the  amido-derivatives  of  simple  azo 
compounds,  and  are  to  be  distinguished  as  amidoa/o 
dyes  and  oxyazo-dyes.  See  Conspectus  of  Pigment  . 
under  Pigment. 

Azoic  [a-  o'-ik)  [a  priv.  ;    _'u/  .  life].      In  biology,  d 
tute  of  living  organisms. 


A/i  H.I  I  MIX 


1 54 


BACILLURIA 


Azolitmin  (az-o-lit'-min)  [<i  priv.;   £«#,  life;    Dan.  lak, 
lac;   «ff«,  pulp]-  C,H7N<  >,.     A  deep  blood-red  color- 
ing matter  obtained  from  litmus.     See   I 
Pigments,  under  Pigment. 

Azoospermia  .      [  a  priv.;   Cw#,  life  ; 

1].      Want  of,  or  deficient  vitality  of,  the 
spermati  ia  ii 

Azoospermism  vi'-izm)    [a     priv.;     f«#, 

life;  <nr         .  ■  ed].      Absence  of  the  spermatic  eh 
ments  from  the  seminal  fluid. 

Azorella  i  </:-.".."',•  i  [L.].  \  genus  of  umbellifer- 
ous plants.      A.  glebaria. 

Azoresorcin  'sin)   [a  priv.  ;   £uror,  living  ; 

l'r  .  rIBN04.      A  derivative  of  resorcin, 

occurring  as  dark-red  and  greenish  crystals. 

Azote  . '-. >t)  [dpriv. ;  £017, life].  A  synonym  of  ni- 
trogen.     Azotic  acid,  nitric  acid. 

Azotemia  [az-o-te/-me-ah\  [azotum,  nitrogen;  aifia, 
blood].  The  presence  of  nitrogenous  compounds  in 
the  blood ;   uremia. 

Azotenesis  [az-o-ten-e'-sis)  [azotum,  nitrogen].  Any 
one  of  a  class  of  diseases  said  to  be  due  to  a  supera- 
bundance of  nitrogen  in  the  system,  such  as  carcinoma, 
scurvy,  gangrene,  etc. 

Azotometer  [az-o-tom' -et-er)  [azotum,  nitrogen  ;  fii-pov, 
a  measure].     A  device  for  the  measurement  of  nitrogen. 

Azoturia  (az-o-tu' '-re-aJi)  [azotum,  nitrogen  ;  urina, 
the  urine].  An  increase  of  the  urea  and  urates  in  the 
urine. 

Azoxybenzene   (az-oks-e-ben' '-zen)   [azotum ,    nitrogen  ; 
<,    sharp;     benzene'],  Cj2H10N2O.       A    compound 


.spectu      '  Pigments,  under 


obtained   by  the  reduction  of  nitrobenzene.      It  forms 

long   yellow   needles,   easily   soluble   in    alcohol   and 

ether,  but  not  in  water.      It  melts  at  3d0. 
Azulene  [az/-u-Hn).      Same  as  L'erulein. 
Azulin  [azf-u-lin).      See  Conspectus  of  Pigments,  under 

Pigmt  >it. 
Azure,.    ' -ur)  [M.E.,  azure, blue"].    Sky-blue.   A.  Blue. 

3ame  as  Cobalt    Blue,  and    /  'Itramarine.     A.    Mala 

chite.     See  ./  uriteva  Conspectus  of  Pigments,  under 

/  'ig  men/. 
Azurin  \aJ -urni).      Same  as  Azulin. 
Azurite  [az1  ur-it).     See  Conspectus  of 

Pigment. 
Azygomatous  (ah-zi-gom/ -at-us)  [a  priv.  ;   ^vyufia,  the 

zygomatic  arch].      Destitute  of  zygomatic  arches,  as 

the  >hrews. 
Azygos  [ax'-tg-os)  [a  priv.  ;  j  —  .a  yoke].    Applied  to 

parts  that  are  single,  not  in  pairs.      A.  uvulae,  a  small 

muscle    of    the   uvula.      A.  Vein,  a  vein  connecting 

the  superior  and  inferior  venn   (  avse. 
Azygospore     (az-i' '-go-spor)     [a    priv.  ;     %vyin>,    yoke; 

airopd,  seed].      An   asexually  produced  spore,  but  re- 
sembling the  sexual  spore  or  zygospore. 
Azygous    [az'-ig-us)    [d    priv. ;   C,vy6r,  a  yoke].       Not 

paired;  or,  if  paired,  so  blended  as  to  seem  one  organ. 
Azymia  (ah-zim'  -e-ah)  [d  priv.  ;  £'ufiq,&  ferment].    Ab 

sence  or  lack  of  ferment. 
Azymic  (ah-zim' '-//-)    [a  priv.  ;    ,'</'/„  a  ferment].      Not 

giving  rise  to  fermentation. 
Azzle  Teeth  (az'-l-leth)  [E.  dial.,  assal teetK\.    A  name 

given  to  the  molar  teeth. 


B 


B.     In  chemical  terminology  the  symbol  of  Boron. 

Ba.     The  chemical  symbol  of  Barium. 

B.  A.  A  contraction  of  Balneum  aqua:,  a  water-bath  ; 
also,  of  Balneum  arena,  a  sand-bath,  and  of  Artium 
Baccalaureus,  Bachelor  of  Arts. 

B.  M.  A  contraction  of  Balneum  maris  a  sea- water 
bath;  also  of  Medicina  Baccalaureus,  Bachelor  of 
Medicine. 

B.  V.     A  contraction  of  Balneum  vaporis,  a  vapor-bath. 

Babbitt  Metal,  a  compound  of  metals  used  in  prosthetic 
dentistry  for  dies  in  swaging  plates. 

Babe  (bob)  [ME.,  babe].      An  infant. 

Babes'  Method.  See  Stains,  Table  of.  B.  Oven. 
See  0~'en. 

Babul  Gum  (ba-bool')  [Bengal].      The  gum  of  the  tree 
icia  arabiea,  or  babul ;  an  inferii  >r  s<  >rt  1  if  gum  arabic. 

Baby  (ba'-be).     Same  as  Babe.     B.-farm.     An  institu 
tion    for    raising    orphan    and    pauper    infants.      B.- 
farming,  the   business  of  receiving  and  caring  for  tin- 
infants   of  those  who,  for   any  reason,  may  be  unable 
or  unwilling  to  bring  up  their  own  children. 

Baccaceous  '         us)   [bacca,    a  berry].    Like  a 

berry  ;   baccate. 

Baccate  (bakf-at)  [bacca,  a  berry].  Berry-like,  or 
bearing  berries. 

Baccelli's  Method.  A  method  of  treating  aneurysm 
by  passing  a  wire  thread  into  the  sac.  Sec  Treat- 
ment.    B.  Sign.     S  and  Symptoms,  Table  of. 

Baccharis  [bakf-ar-is]  [/Jdwcaptc,  a  fragrant  herb].  \ 
genus  of  composite  trees.   B.  halimifolia,  the  ground- 


sel tree,  a  composite-flowered  shrub  of  N.  America; 
a  decoction  of  the  leaves  and  bark  is  a  popular  demul- 
cent and  pectoral  medicine.      Unof. 

Bacchia  (bak-'e-ah,  or  bah- 1' -ah)  [Bacchus,  the  god  of 
wine].      A  synonym  of  Acne  rosacea,  a  condition  often 
found  in  drunkards.      B.  rosacea.    Synonym  of  Acm 
rosacea. 

Bacillar,  or  Bacillary  (bas'-il-ar :  bas'-il-a-n  )  [bacil- 
lum,  a  rod;  bacillus'].  I.  Relating  to  bacilli  or  to  a 
bacillus.     2.   Consisting  o\  or  containing  rods. 

Bacilli  (bas-il'-i)  [bacillum,  a  rod].  1.  Plural  of 
Bacillus,  q.v.  2.  In  pharmacy,  cylindrical  lozenges 
made  by  cutting  the  lozenge  mass,  and  rolling  it  into 
a  soft  cylinder,  on  a  pill-machine. 

Bacillicidal   [bas-il-i  [bacillum,  a  rod;    cccdere, 

to  kill].      1  >estructive  to  bacilli. 

Bacillicide  (bas-il'-ii  id)  [bacillum,  a  rod;  cadere,  to 
kill].  1.  Destructive  to  bacilli.  2.  An  agent  that 
destroys  bacilli. 

Bacilliculture  (bas-il'-e-kul-chilr)  [bacillum,  a  rod  ; 
cultura,  cultivation].  The  artificial  culture  of  bacilli 
forthe  purpose  of  studying  their  nature  and  life. 

Bacilliform  (bas-i^-if-orm)  [bacillum,  rod;  forma, 
fi  .mi].      I  laving  the  shape  or  appearance  of  a  bacillus. 

Bacillum  [bas-il'-um)  [l..,a  rod,  a  stick].  A  stick; 
a  cylindrical  troche  ;  an  instrument  for  carrying  a 
sponge  ;  any  one  ol  thi  rods  in  the  layer  of  rods  and 
cones  of  the  retina. 

Bacilluria  [bas-il-u' '-re-ah\  [bacillum,  a  rod  ;  oipov, 
urine].       The  presence  of  bacilli  in  the  urine. 


B.   ACIhlH  >KM  VNS 


1 .-..-» 


B.    MALLEI 


TYPES   OF    BACILLI, 

SHOWING    MORPHOLOGIC    CHARACTERS    AND    ARRANGEMENT. 


& 


B.  acidiformans  (X  iooo). 


B.  acidi  lactici  (X  iooo). 


B.  capsulatus  (X  1200). 


B.  cavicida  havaniensis  (X  iooo). 


B.  erysipelatos  suis  (X  1000). 


B.  gracilis  cadaveris  (X  1200). 


B.  oedematis  tnaligni  (X  iooo). 


B.  anthracis  (X  1200). 


B.  arborescens  (X  1200). 


B.  buccalis  maximus  (X   iooo). 


# 


ss 


B.  circulans  (X  1200). 


m 


B.  crassus  sputigenus  (X  1200) 


B.  cuniculicida  havaniensis  (X  1200) 


B.  cyanogenus  (  ■'  700). 


B.  buccalis  minutus  (X  1000). 


Zffi 


B.  of  Dantec  (X  iooo). 


B.  granulosus  (X  Soo). 
Those  without  granules  represent  ab- 
normal forms. 


B.  havaniensis  (X  iooo). 


B.  of  Hog  Cholera  (X  iooo). 


u^Az-V 


B.  of  influenza  (X  iooo). 


ffr 


B.  lepras  \  <  1200). 


B.  butyricus  (X  iooo). 


47 


B.  cadaveric  (X  1000X 


^ 


B.  diffusus  (X  iooo). 


^ 


B.  limosus  (X  iooo). 


^ 


R   diphtherise  (X  1000). 


B.  mallei  (X  1200). 


B.    MEGA  I  KKIl  M 


156 


B.  ZOPFII 


B.  megaterium  (X  1200). 


v& 


B.  scissus  (X  1200). 


B.  thalassaophilus  (  ■    1000). 


B.  mesentericus  \  ulgatus  (X  1200). 


OWE 


B.  septicaemia:  ha>morrhagicae  (X  1200). 


)$m 


B.  tuberculosis  (X  1000). 


B.  neapolitanus  (X  1000). 


! 
I  £.9 

Nitrifying  B.  of  Winogradsky  (X  900). 


B.  of  symptomatic  anthrax  (X  1000). 


B.  typhi  abdoiniualis  (X  1200). 


ww 


B.  pneumoniae  friedlanderi  (X  1000). 


m 

B.  prod i j:  1000). 


& 


B.  rhinoscleromatis  (  -'  1400) 


B    of  symptomatic   anthrax,  flagellate 
form  (X  1000). 


B.  syphilidis  (Lustgarten)  (X  1000). 


B.  subtilis  (X  1200). 


B.  tetani  1  <  1200). 


B   typhi  abdominalis,  showing  flagella 
(X  1200). 


B.  ulna  of  Yignal  (X  1000). 


/fe© 


B.  vermicularis  (X  1000). 


B.  zoplii  [various  stages  of  growth) 
(X  1000). 


B  \<  II  LUS 


157 


BACTERIA 


Bacillus  Ibas-il'-us)  [dim.  of  baculum;  bacillum, 
a  small  staff:  pi.,  Bacilli],  [a]  A  genus  of  tiaeSchizo- 
mycetes  established  by  Cohn  ;  synonym,  Bacteridium, 
Davaine;  Bacterium,  Delafond ;  Vibrio,  Cohn;  and 
including  all  the  elongated  forms  excepl  such  as  are 
spiral  and  have  a  gyratory  motion ,  which  are  classed 
in  the  genus  Spirillum.  The  bacilli  are  ri^id  oi 
flexible,  motile  or  non  motile,  and  reproduce  either  by 
direct  fission  or  by  endogenous  spore  formation.  Se< 
Bacteria,  Synonymatic  Table  of.  (6)  An  individual 
of  the  genus  Bacillus.  (c)  A  medicated  rod  or 
bougie.  (</)  Any  rod-like  body,  or  specifically,  one 
of  the  retinal  rods.  (<)  In  botany,  the  term  applied 
to  the  cotyledon  of  certain  plant-.  ....  the  hyacinth; 
or  to  the  basal  portion  of  some  flower-clusters. 

Back  {bak)  [Mil.,  />,//:■].  Dorsum;  posterior  aspect. 
B.  Combination.  See  Combination.  B.  Draught 
{bak'  draft),  the  inspiration  of  whooping-cough. 
B.  Posture.  See  Postures.  B.  Stroke  of  the 
Heart.     See  Diastole. 

Backache  {bak'-dk)  [ME.,  bak;  aken\  Pain  in  the 
back. 

Backbone  (bak'-bon)  [ME.,  bak ;  boon].  The  verte- 
bral column. 

Back-cut  of  Salmon.  See  Salmon,  and  Operations, 
Table  of. 

Bacony  Infiltration  (ba'-kon-e  in-fil-tra'-shuri).  Same 
as  Albuminoid  Infiltration. 

Bacteremia  (bak-ter-e' '-me-ah)  [bacterium,  rod;  al/ua, 
blood].     The  presence  of  bacteria  in  the  blood. 

Bacterium  [bak-te* -re-um)  [/3a/cr#/Mov,  a  little  stick:  //., 
Bacteria].  I.  A  genus  of  schizomycetous  fungi  estab- 
lished by  Ehrenberg  (1838)  and  Dujardin  (1841) ; 
characterized  by  short,  linear,  inflexible,  rod-like 
forms,  without  tendency  to  unite  into  chains  or  fila- 
ments. 2.  The  distinction  between  the  genus  Bacte- 
rium ( I  lujardin),  and  the  genus  Bacillus  (Cohn)  is  not 
well  founded,  and  all  straight,  elongated  forms  should 
be  referred  to  the  latter  genus.  The  word  bacteria  as 
now  employed  is  practically  synonymous  with  Schizo- 
mvcetes.  Microorganisms,  or  Microbes,  and  includes 
those  minute  Thallophytes,  with  or  without  chloro- 
phyll, related  on  the  one  hand  to  the  Nostocacece,  and 
on  the  other  to  the  FlageUata.  Morphologically, 
bacteria  are  either  spherical  (cocci)  ;  in  the  form  of 
straight  rods  (bacilli);  or  of  twisted  rods  (spirilli). 
They  occur  either  free,  as  filaments  in  layers,  or  in 
cube-like  packets.  Erequently  large  gelatinous  masses 
called  Zooglcca  are  formed.  As  regards  growth  they 
are  grouped  either  as  Endosporous  bacteria,  includ- 
ing those  that  form  spores  endogenously ;  or  as 
Arthrosporous  bacteria,  including  those  that  mul- 
tiply by  fission.  Bacteria  are  either  aerobic,  i.e., 
dependent  upon  the  presence  of  free  oxygen  for  the 
purpose  of  vegetation,  or  anaerobic,  in  which  free 
oxygen  is  not  essential ,  as  they  possess  the  power  of 
appropriating  the  oxygen  of  unstable  organic  combi- 
nations, thus  acting  as  disorganizing,  fermentative, 
or  putrefactive  agents.  Again,  certain  forms  appear 
to  possess  the  ability  to  flourish  in  either  condition, 
and  are  known  as  facultative  anaerobic.  Bacteria 
are  either  motile  or  non-motile ;  they  may  exist  as 
saprophytes,  facultative  parasites,  strict,  obligate, 
or  true  parasites.  Those  that  produce  pigment  are 
known  as  chromogenic ;  those  that  produce  fer- 
mentation as  zymogenic  ;  those  that  affect  adversely 
the  health  of  plants  or  animals  as  pathogenic.  See 
Bacteria^  Synonymatic  Table  of,  and  special  terms 
under  appropriate  headings. 

*  Abbreviations. — aer.  =  aerobic  anaer.  —  anaerobic,  chg.-- 
tive.  monom.  =  monomorphic.  mot.  =  motile,  nliqf 
obl.  =  obligate,  oscl.  =  oscillating,  pg.  =  pathogenic    ph 


SYNONYMATIC   TABLE   OF   BACTERIA.* 

Actinobacter  du  lait  visqueux,  Duclaux.      found  in 
ropy  milk,      aer.,  nliqf.,  npg.      Actinobacter  poly- 
morphus.       See    Bacillus    butyricu  .     Prazmowski. 
Actinomyces  bovis,  Ilarz.      Syn.  Cladothi 
Cladothrix  canis,  I  I    >und  in  Actinomyi 

and   in  sputum   of  tuberculous  patients.      Discovered 
by   Langenbi  1  545);    '""'   correctly  described   by 

Israel  1 1878).  Bollinger  firsl  to  rei  ognize  it  in  cattle. 
1  onsidered  by  Paltauf,  Israel,  and  Wolf  as  a  pleo- 
morphic schizophyte.  Occurs  in  grains  the  size  of 
a  poppy-seed  ;  composed  of  radiating  threads.  Stains 
with  anilin  dyes;  is  not  decolorized  by  Gram's 
method.  Grows  on  egg  albumin,  gelatin,  potato,  and 
bouillon,  liqf,  pg.,  chg.  (Sulphur-yellow.,  .flSthyl- 
bacillus  de  Fitz.  See  Ba  illu  ubtilis,  Ehrenberg, 
etc.  Amylobacter  Clostridium,  Trecul.  See  Bacillus 
butyricus,  Prazmowski.  A  New  Bacillus  of  Ma- 
lignant Edema,  Klein.  Sec  Bacillus  cedematis 
aerobieus,  Klein.  Anthrax  bacillus.  See  Bacillus 
anthracis,  Pollender  and  Davaine.  Arthrobacterium 
aceti,  De  Bary.  See  Bacillus  aceti,  Kutzing. 
Arthrobacterium  chlorinum,  De  Bary. 
cillus  chlorinus,  Engelmann.  Arthrobacterium 
merismopcedioides,  De  Bary.  See  Bacillu  meris- 
mopasdioides,  Zopf.  Arthrobacterium  pastorianum, 
De  Bary.  See  Bacillus  pasteurianus,  Han 
Arthrobacterium    viride,    De    Bary.      S  ilius 

viridis,  Van  Tieghem.  Arthrobacterium  zopfii. 
See  Bacillus  zopfii.  Arthro-kokkaceen,  ( it-r.  Arthro- 
spore  bacteria  forming  only  cocci  and  cocci-chains. 
Ascobacillus  citreus,  Unna  and  Tommasoli.  Syn. 
Ascococcus  citreus.  On  the  skin,  in  cases  of  eczema 
seborrhceicum.  aer.,  Uqf,  mot.,  chg.  (lemon-yello 
npg.  Ascobacterium  ulvina,  Van  Tieghem.  Short 
rods  occurring  in  liquids  containing  decaying  legumi- 
nous seeds.  Ascococcus  billrothii,  Cohn.  Lobu- 
lated  masses,  producing  a  viscous  fermentation  of 
saccharine  fluids  and  evolving  butyric  acid  in  solution  of 
ammonium  tartrate.  Ascococcus  citreus,  Unna  and 
Tommasoli.  See  Ascobacillus  citreus.  Ascococcus 
johnei,  Cohn.  See  Micrococcus  botryogenus,  Kabe. 
Ascococcus  mesenteroides,  Cienkowski.  See  Leu- 
conostoc  mesenteroides,  Cienkowski.  Ascococcus 
vibrans,  Van  Tieghem.  Upon  water  containing 
Beggiatoa ;  distinguished  from  A.  billrothii  by  the 
whirling  and  oscillating  of  the  cells.  Aussatz- 
bacillus,  ( ler.  See  Bacillus  leprce,  I  Ian  - 
Bacille  aerogene,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  lactis  aerogenes, 
Miller.  Bacille  aerophile,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  aero- 
philus,  Liborius.  Bacille  brun  de  la  pomme 
de  terre,  Er.  See  Bacillus  mesentericus  fu 
Fliigge.  Bacille  butylique,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  buty- 
licus,  Fitz.  Bacille  butyrique,  Fr.  See  Barillas 
butyricus,  Pasteur.  Bacille  commune  de  la  pomme 
de  terre,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  mesentericus  vulgatus, 
Fliigge.  Bacille  coprogene  fetide,  Fr.  See  Bacillus 
coprogenes  fcetidus,  Schottelius.  Bacille  cyanogene, 
Er.  See  Bacillus  cyanogenus,  Hueppe.  Bacille  de 
Bienstock,  I,  II,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  subtilis  simulans, 
Bienstock.  Bacille  de  Brieger,  IV.  See  Bacillus 
cavicidus,Brieger.  Bacille  deDenecke,  IV.  See  Spir- 
illum tyrogenum,  Denecke.  Bacille  de  Finkler  et 
Prior,  Fr.  See  Spirillum  of  Finkler  and  Prior. 
Bacille  de  Hauser.  See  Proteus  mirabilis,  Proteus 
vulgaris,  Proteus  zenkeri,  Hauser.  Bacille  de  Koch. 
See    Bacillus    tuber  1  Koch.       Bacille    de     la 

chylurie,    Fr.       See    Bacillus    of    chyluria,    Wils 

chromogenic  facanaer.  —  facultative  anaerobic.  Uqf  =  liquefac- 
=  non-liquefactive.  nmnt.  =  non-motile  npg.  —  non-pathogenic. 
os   =  phosphorescent    plrom  =  pleomorphic,  sap  =  saprophytic. 


BACTERIA 


158 


BACTERIA 


Bacille  de  la  coqueluche,  It.      See  Bacillus  tu 
com  .  Afanassiew.     Bacille  de  la  decomposi- 

tion de  l'albumine,  Fr.     Sec  Bacillus  putrificus 
Bienstock.     Bacille  de  la  diarrhee  verte  infantile, 
Fr.      See    Bacillus   of    green    diarrhea    in    children, 
Lesagi        Bacille    de   la   diphtheric     See    Bacillus 
dip  Ber.     Bacille  de  la  diphtherie  des 

pigeons,  lr.     ~~  ihtheria  um, 

(Her.     Bacille  de  la  diphtherie  des  veaux,  Fr. 

um,  1. iitilcr.     Bacille 

de  la  diphtherie  intestinale  chez  les  lapins,  Fr. 

Bacillus  of  intestinal   diphtheria  in   rabbits,  Rib- 

Bacille  de   la   dysentene   epidemique,   Fr. 

■  .  .    i  hantemesse    and    Widal. 

Bacille  de  la  dysenterie  epizootique  des  poules 

et  des  dindes,  Fr.      See  Bacillus  of  Lucet.     Bacille 

de   la   fermentation    butyrique,   Fr.      See  Bacillus 

butyricus,  Prazmowski.     Bacille  de  la  fermentation 

lactique,    Fr.     See    Bacillus   acidi   lactici,    Hueppe. 

Bacille  de   la   fievre   jaune,   Fr.     See    Bacillus  of 

ow  fever.  Bacille  de  la  fievre  puerperale,  lr. 
See  Bacillus  of  puerperal  fever.  Bacille  de  la  fievre 
typhoTde,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  typhi abdominalis,  Eberth. 
Bacille  de  la  gangrene  emphysemateuse  pro- 
gressive. Bacille  de  la  gangrene  gazeuse,  Fr. 
■.mads  maligni,  Koch.  Bacille  de  la 
gangrene  senile,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  of  senile  gangrene, 
Tricomi.  Bacille  de  la  lepre,  Fr.  See  Bacillus 
lepra,  Hun-en.  Bacille  de  la  malaria,  Fr.  See 
Bacillus  malaria,  Klebs  and  Tommasi-Crudeli.  Ba- 
cille de  la  morve,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  mallei,  Loffler. 
Bacille  de  la  necrose  du  foie  des  cochins  d'inde, 
Fr.  S  Bacillus  of  necrosis  of  the  liver  of  guinea- 
pigs,  Eberth.  Bacille  de  la  pest  porcine,  Fr.  See 
Bacillus  of  .'-wine-plague,  Marseilles,  Rietsch,  and 
Jobert.  Bacille  de  la  pseudo-tuberculose  du 
lapin,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  of  pseudo-tuberculosis  in 
rabbit.-,,  Mallassez  and  Vignal.  Bacille  de  la  pyemie, 
Fr.  See  Bacillus  of  pyemia,  Beltzow.  Bacille  de 
la  rage,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  lysse,  Pasteur.  Bacille 
de  la  scarlatine,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  of  scarlet  fever, 
Crooke.  Bacille  de  la  septicemic  See  Bacillus 
of  septicemia  in  man,  Klein.  Bacille  de  la  septi- 
cemic du  lapin,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  septicemia  hemor- 
rhagica, Sternberg.  Bacille  de  la  septicemic  de 
la  souris,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  erysipelatos  suis,  Loffler, 
Schiitz.  Bacille  de  la  septicemic  gangreneuse  de 
la  grenouille,  Legrain,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  hydro- 
philus  fuscus,  Sanarelli.  Bacille  de  la  sueur  des 
pieds,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  saprogencs,  II,  Rosenbach, 
Bacillus  fa'tidus,  Passet,  and  Bacillus  graveolens, 
Bordoni-UfFreduzzi.  Bacille  de  la  syphilis,  Fr. 
See  Bacillus  syphilidis,  Lustgarten.  Bacille  de  la 
tuberculose,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  tuberculosis,  Koch. 
Bacille  de  la  tuberculose  des  vignes,  Fr.  See 
Bacillus  "t  tuberculosis  of  vines,  Corvo.  Bacille  de 
la  tuberculose  zoogleique,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  of 
pseudo-tuberculosis  in  rabbits,  Mallassez  and  Vignal. 
Bacille  de  la  tetanie,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  tetani, 
Nicolaier.  Bacille  de  l'erysipele  du  lapin,  Fr. 
Bacillus  of  erysipelas  in  rabbits,  Koch.  Bacille 
de  liborius,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  butyricus,  Prazmowski. 
Bacille  de  l'cedeme,  bacille  de  l'cedeme  malin, 
Fr.  See  Bacillus  adematis  maligni,  Pasteur,  Koch. 
Bacille  de  l'uree,  lr.  See  Bacillus  urea,  Miquel. 
Bacille  de  Lustgarten,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  typhilidis, 
Lustgarten.  Bacille  de  pneumonie,  Fr.  See 
Bacillus  pneumonia  friedldnderi.  Bacille  de  Praz- 
mowski,  Fr.  illus   butyricus,   Prazmowski. 

Abbreviations. — aer.  =  aerobic,   anaer.  =  anaerobic,   i  • 

live,     monom.       monomorphic.     mot.  —  motile,     ttltof 
•ihl.  —  obligate    oscl.  =  oscillating.  pg       pathogenic,  ph 


Bacille  des  pomme  de  terre,  Fr.  See  Bacillus 
mesentericus  vulgatus,  Fliigge.  Bacille  du  beri- 
beri, Fr.  See  Bacillus  beribericus,  De  Lacerda. 
Bacille  du  cancer,  Fr.  See  BacUlus  of  carcinoma, 
Rappin  and  Scheurlen.  Bacille  du  catarrhe  con- 
jonctival.  See  Bacillus  of  conjunctival  catarrh,  Koch. 
Bacille  du  charbon,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  anthracis, 
Pollender.  Bacille  du  charbon  symptomatique, 
Fr.  See  Bacillus  chauvai,  Bollingei  and  Feser, 
Bacille  du  cholera,  Fr.  See  Spirillum  cholera 
asiatica,  Koch.  Bacille  du  cholera  des  poules, 
Fr.  See  Bacillus  septicemia  hemorrhagica,  Stern 
berg.  Bacille  du  erysipele  du  pore,  Fr.  See 
Bacillus  erysipelatos  mi  .  Pasteur.  Bacille  du  farcin 
du  bceuf,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  of  Nocard.  Bacille  du 
foin,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  subtilis,  C'ohn.  Bacille  du 
jequirity,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  of  jequirity  ophthalmia. 
Bacille  du  lait  bleu,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  cyanogenus, 
Hueppe.  Bacille  du  lait  jaune,  Fr.  See  Bacillus 
synxanthus,  Ehrenberg.  Bacille  du  lait  rouge,  Fr. 
Bacillus  prodigiosus,  Ehrenberg.  Bacille  du 
mal  rouge,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  erysipelatos  suis,  Pas- 
teur. Bacille  du  pain  rouge,  Fr.  See  Bacillus 
prodigiosus,  Ehrenberg.  Bacille  du  rouget  du 
pore,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  erysipelatos  suis,  Pasteur. 
Bacille  du  pus  bleu,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  pyocyaneus, 
Gessard.  Bacille  du  pus  vert,  Fr.  See  Bacillus 
pyocyaneus,  Gessard.  Bacille  du  rhinosclerome, 
Fr.  See  Bacillus  rhinoscleromatis,  Cornil  and  Alva- 
rez. Bacille  du  rhumatisme,  Fr.  See  Bacillus 
rheumarthriddis,  Kussmaul.  Bacille  du  rouge  de 
morue,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  of  Dantec.  Bacille  du 
tetanos,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  tetani,  Nicolaier.  Bacille 
du  xerosis  conjunctivae,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  of  xerosis 
epithelialis  conjunctiva-,  I  .eber,  Kuschbert,  and  Neisser. 
Bacille  en  virgule,  Fr.  See  Spirillum  cholera 
asiatica,  Koch.  Bacille  erythrospore,  Fr.  See 
Bacillus  erythrosporus ,  Eidam,  Cohn.  Bacille  muri- 
septique,  Fr.  See  /■>',/,  illus  erysipelatos  suis,  Pasteur. 
Bacille  mycoide,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  mycoides,  Fliigge. 
Bacille  neapolitaine,  Fr.  See  Bacillus neapolitanus, 
Emmerich.  Bacille  pneumonique,  Fr.  See  Bacillus 
pneumonicus  agilis,  Schou.  Bacille  puerperale,  Fr. 
See  Bacillus puerperalis,  Spillman.  Bacille  pyogene 
fetide,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  pyogenes  fatidus,  Passet. 
Bacille  rouge  de  globig,  Fr.  Bacille  rouge  de  la 
pomme  de  terre,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  mesentericus 
ruber,  Globig.  Bacille  saprogene,  Fr.  See  Bacil'us 
saprogenes,  Rosenbach.  Bacille  septique.  See 
Bacillus  septicus,  Klein.  Bacille  septique  agri- 
gene,  Fr.  See  Bat  illus  septicus  agregenus,  Nicolaier. 
Bacille  typhique,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  typlii  abdomi- 
nalis, Eberth.  Bacille  virgule,  bacille  virgule 
cholerique,  Fr.  See  Spirillum  cholera-  asiatica, 
Koch.  Bacillen  der  Vergahrung  von  Kohlenhy- 
draten,  tier.  See  Bacilli  of  fermentation  ol  carbo 
hydrates.  Bacillen  aus  Faeces,  ( ier.  Microbes  of 
the  feces.  Bacilles  de  la  bouche,  Fr.  Microbes 
of  the  mouth.  Bacilles  de  la  fermentation  des 
carbohydrates,  Fr.  See  Bacilli  of  fermentation  of 
carbohydrates.  Bacilles  de  Fair,  Fr.  Microbes  of 
the  air.  Bacilles  de  l'eau,  Fr.  Mi<  robes  of  water. 
Bacilles  de  l'intestin,  Fr.  Microbes  ol  the  intestine. 
Bacilles  de  Purine,  Fr.  Microbes  of  the  urine. 
Bacilles  de  la  terre,  Fr.  Microbes  of  the  soil. 
Bacilles  des  selles,  Fr.  Microbes  of  the  feces. 
Bacilles  du  crachat,  Fr.  Microbes  of  the  sputum. 
Bacilles  du  pus,  Fr.  Microbes  of  pus.  Bacilles 
chromogeniques,  Fr.    Chromogenic  microbes.     Ba- 

i  hromogenic.  facanaer.  —  facultative  anaerobic,   liqf.       liquefac- 

non-liquefactive.     ntnot.       non-motile,    nf>g.  =  non-pathogenic. 

phosphorescent,  pleotn.-    pleomorphic,  sap  ■  saprophytic. 


BACTERIA 


159 


BACTERIA 


cilles  fluorescentes,  Fr.  Fluorescent  microbes. 
Bacilles  pathogeniques,  Fr.  Pathogenic  microbes. 
Bacilles  du  sang,  Fr.  Microbes  ol  the  blood. 
Bacilles  du  smegma,  Fr.  Microbes  of  the  smegma. 
Bacilles  zymogenes,  Fr.  Zymogenii  microbes. 
Bacilli  zymogeni,  1..  Zymogenii  microbes.  Ba- 
cilli of  Butyric  Acid  Fermentation.  Syn.,  Bacilles 
de  la  fermentation  butyrique,  Fr.;  Bat  illen  <ler  Butter 
sauregahrung,  Ger.  See  Bacillus  butyricus,  Hueppe 
and  Prazmowski.  Bacillus  butylicus,  Fit/..  Bacilli 
of  Fermentation  of  Carbohydrates.  Syn.,  Bacilles 
de  la  fermentation  des  carbohydrates,  Fr.  ;  Bacillen 
der  Vergahrung  von  Kohlenbydraten,  Ger.  See  Bacil- 
lus acidi  la:tici,  Hueppe.  Bacillus  butyricus,  Hueppe 
and  Prazmowski.  Bit  illus  butyli  us,  Fitz".  Bacillus 
dysodes,  Zopf.  Bacillus polymixa,  Prazmowski.  Ba- 
cilli of  Guillebeau  (a,  b,  c),  obtained  from  milk  of 
cows  with  mastitis:  give  rise  to  apeculiar  fermi  ntation 
of  cheese,  (a)  aer. ,  facanaer.,  mot.,  nliqf.; 
aer.,  facanaer.,  liqf,  mot.  :  (c)  aer.,  nliqf.  Bacilli 
of  Ice.  Syn.,  Eisbacillen.  Microbes  of  ice.  Bacilli 
of  Pus.  Syn.,  Bacilles  du  pus,  Fr.  ;  Fiterbacillen, 
Ger.  Microbes  of  pus.  Bacilli  of  Putrefaction. 
Syn.,  Faulniss  erregende  Bacillen,  Ger.  Microbes  of 
putrefaction.  Bacilli  of  Sputum.  Microbes  of  the 
mouth.  Bacilli  of  the  Air.  Syn.,  Bacilles  de  Pair, 
Fr.  ;  I.uftbacillen,  Ger.  Microbes  of  the  air.  Bacilli 
of  the  Feces.  Syn.,  Bacilles  des  selles,  Fr. ;  Kot- 
bacillen,  Bacillen  aus  Faeces,  Ger.  Microbes  of  the 
feces.  Bacilli  of  the  Intestine.  Syn.,  Bacilles  de 
Pintestine,  Fr.  ;  Darmbacillen,  Ger.  Microbes  of  the 
intestine.  Bacilli  of  the  Mouth.  Syn.,  Bacilles  de 
la  bouche,  Fr.  ;  Mundhohlebacillen,  Ger.  Microbes 
of  the  mouth.  Bacilli  of  the  Soil.  Syn.,  Bacilles 
de  la  terre,  Fr.  ;  Erdbacillen,  Bodenbacillen,  Ger. 
Microbes  of  the  soil.  Bacilli  of  the  Urine.  Syn., 
Bacilles  de  Purine,  Fr.  ;  Bacillen  des  Hams,  Ger. 
Microbes  of  the  urine.  Bacilli  of  Water.  Syn. , 
Bacilles  de  Peau,  Fr.  ;  Wasserbacillen,  Ger.  Microbes 
of  water.  Bacillo  a  virgola,  Ital.  See  Spirillum 
cholera:  asiatica,  Koch.  Bacillo  buterrico,  Ital. 
See  Bacillus  butyricus,  Prazmowski.  Bacillo  del 
cabonchio,  Ital.  See  Bacillus  antkracis,  Pol- 
lender.  Bacillo  del  carbonchio  sintomatico,  Ital. 
See  Bacillus  ckauvcei,  Bollinger  and  Feser.  Bacillo 
del  fieno,  Ital.  See  Bacillus  subtilis,  Cohn.  Bacillo 
della  malaria,  Ital.  See  Bacil'us  ma  la  rice,  Klebs 
and  Tommasi-Crudeli.  Bacillo  del  mollusco  con- 
tagioso,  Ital.  See  Bacillus  mollusci,  Dominico. 
Bacillo  del  sifilide,  Ital.  See  Bacillus  syphilidis, 
Lustgarten.  Bacillo  della  tuberculosi,  Ital.  See 
Bacillus  tuberculosis,  Koch.  Bacillo  tifoso,  Ital. 
See  Bacillus  typhi  abdaminalis,  Eberth.  Bacillo 
tuberculare,  Ital.  See  Bacillus  tuberculosis,  Koch. 
Bacillo  virgolato,  Ital.  See  Spirillum  cholera  asi- 
atiac,  Koch.  Bacillus  a,  Vignal.  See  Bacillus 
buccalis,  Vignal.  Bacillus  aceti,  Kutzing,  Summer. 
Syn.,  Arthrobacterium  aceti,  De  Bary.  Bacillus 
accticus,  Fliigge;  Bacterie  du  vinaigre ;  Bacterium 
aceti,  Lanzi.  Bacterium  der  Essiggahrung ;  Essigfer- 
ment  ;  Essigpilz ;  Micrococcus  aceti;  Mycoderma 
aceti,  Pasteur.  Mycoderme  du  vinaigre.  Ulvina  aceti, 
Kiitzing.  Found  in  air  and  vinegar;  common.  Large 
cylindrical  cells  of  varying  size.  Absorbs  oxygen 
from  air  and  oxidizes  alcohol  to  acetic  acid  ;  produce^ 
vinegar;  may,  by  further  oxidation,  convert  this  into 
carbonic  acid  and  water,  aer.,  nliqf.,  mot.,  i; 
pleom.  Cf.  Bacillus  pasteurianum,  Hansen;  Bacte- 
rium   xylinum,   A.   J.    Brown.      Bacillus    aceticus, 


Miigge.       See    Bacillus    aceti,    Kutzing.       Bacillus 
acidiformans,   Sternberg.     Obtained   from  the    1 
of  a  yellow  idaver.     aer.,    facanaer.,  ?ili 

nmot.,pg.     Bacillus  acidi  lactici,  Hueppe.     Syn  , 
Bacterium     lac/is.     Lister.        Bacterie    OU     Bacilli-    de 
la  fermentation  lactique,   Fr. ;   Bacterium  der  Milch- 
sauregihrung,    Ger.      found   in    the   air   and   in    sour 
milk.    ,  aer.,    facanaer.,    nliqf.,    nmot.,    npg.      Ba- 
cillus   actinobacter,    Luclaux.     Syn.,    Actit 
polymorphus.       A    minute    cap.^ulated     bacillus,    ren- 
dering milk   gelatinous  and  ropy,     aer.,   nmot. 
l;,i  illus    butyricus,    Prazmowski.      Bacillus    aero- 
genes,    I,    II,   III,   Miller.      Syn.,    Bacterium    >■■ 
genes,    Miller.       Helicobacterium    aerogenes,    Miller. 
Three     small     bacilli     from    the    alimentary    tract    of 
healthy  persons,    aer.,  nliqf.,  mot.  ,np  llus 

laa,  .    I    cherich.       Bacillus    aerogenes 

capsulatus,  Welch  and  Nuttall.  found  in  the  blood- 
vessels in  a  i  ase  of  thoracic  aneurysm,  anaer.,  nliqf., 
nmot.,  npg.  Bacillus  aerophilus,  Li  bonus.  Ob- 
tained from  the  air.  aer.,  liqf,  nmot.,  npg.  Syn  , 
Bacillc  aerophile,  Fr.  Bacillus 
Bacillus pyo,  van  u  .  Gessard.  Bacillus  albuminis, 
Bienstock.  Found  abundantly  in  feces.  I  >■ 
albumin,  hence  its  name.  aer. ,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus 
albus,  Becker,  Fisenberg.  The  white  bacillus  of 
water.  Weisser  Bacillus  aus  Wasser,  Ger.  aer. ,  nliqf., 
mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  albus  anaerobiescen3,Vaughan. 
Found  in  water,     aer.,  facan  if,  nmot.,  npg. 

Bacillus  aibus  cadaveris,  Strassmann  and  Strieker. 
Found  in  blood  of  cadaver,  aer. ,  liqf. ,  mot. . 
Bacillus  albus  putridis,  De  Bary.  Found  in  water. 
aer. ,  liqf,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  allantoides,  Klein. 
Obtained  from  the  air.  aer.,  mot.,  npg.  Not  suffi- 
ciently studied.  Bacillus  allii,  Griffiths.  Syn., 
Bacterium  allii.  Found  on  surface  of  decaying  onions. 
aer.,  dig.  (green),  npg.  Bacillus  alvei,  Cheshire 
and  Cheyne.  Syn  ,  Bacillus  preussii.  Ciesiekki. 
Bacillus  melittofthorus,  Cohn.  Bacillus  of  foul  brood. 
Bacillus  der  Faulbrut,  <  ier.  Obtained  from  bee  larv  e 
infected  with  "foul  brood."  aer. ,  facanaer.,  liqf, 
mot. .  Uso  pathogenic  for  mice  and  guinea  ] 

Cf.   Bacillus  of  Canestrini.      Bacillus  amylobacter. 
Van  Tieghem.     See  Bacillus  butyricus.  Prazmowski. 
Bacillus  amylovorous ,  Burrill.     See  BaciUus  butyn 
Botkin,  Prazmowski.    Bacillus  amylozyma,  Perdrix. 
Found  in  hydrant  water  |  Paris).  .  nliqf'.,  mot. 

Pathogenesis  not  determined.  Bacillus  anaero- 
bicus  liquefaciens,  Sternberg.  <  obtained  from  con- 
tents of  intestine  of  yellow  fever  cadaver,  anaer., 
liqf. ,  nmot.  Pathogenesis  not  determined.  Bacillus 
anthracis,  Pollender  and  Davaine.  Syn.,  Bacterium 
anthracicum,  Bollinger.  Bacterium  an 'lira  is,  Zopf 
Bacterium  carbunculare ,  Pollender,  Brauell,  Dela- 
fond.  Davaine.  Metallacter  antAracis,Trevisan.  Ba- 
cille  du  charbon,  Fr.  ;  Bacteridie  charbonneuse,  Fr.; 
Bacteridie  du  charbon,  Fr.  :  Bacillus  anthracis  e  car- 
bonchio, Bacillo  del  carbonichio,  It.  ;  Milzbrand- 
bacillus,  <  -er.  Bacillus  of  Braxy.  Found  in  the 
blood  of  animals  and  persons  infected  with  anthrax. 
aer.,  facanaer..  Bacillus  aquaticus 

liquefaciens,  Pokrowsky.  Found  in  river  water 
I  Kurai.  and  hydrant  water  (Tiflis).  Bacillus  aqua- 
tilis,  Frankland.  Found  in  well-water  in  the  chalk- 
formations  of  Kent,  Eng.  aer.,  liqf.,  mot.,  n 
Bacillus  aquatilis  sulcatus,  I,  II.  III.  IV .  V. 
Weichselbaum.  Found  in  hydrant  water  (Vienna). 
.?.?>-. ,   facanaer. ,  nliqf. ,  mot. .  Bacillus    arbo- 

rescens,  Frankland.      Pound  in  hydrant  water  |  Lon- 


Abbreviations. — aer.  =  aerobic,  anaer.  =  anaerobic,  chcr.  =  chromnfcenic.  facanaer.  =  facultative  anaerobic,  liqf.  =  liqupfac- 
tive.  monom.  =  monomorphic.  mot.  =  motile,  nliqf.  =  non-liquefactive  nmot.  =  non-motile,  npg.  =  non-pathogenic. 
obk=~ obligate.   oscl.  =  oscillating,  pa  =  pathogenic.   />h>>s.  =  phosphorescent,  pleom.  =  pleomorphic,   sap.  =  saprophytic 


i; At    I  I.KIA 


ltitl 


BA<   I  ERIA 


don),  ae  irange  red),  npg.   Bacil- 

lus argenteo-phosphorescens,  I.  II.  Ill,  Katz. 
Obtained  respectively  from  s.-a  water,  phosphorescent 
pieces  of  fish,  and  cuttle-fish  (Sydney,  N.  S.  W  i. 
air.,  nliqf.,  xcept  II  Bacillus 

argenteo-phosphorescens  liquefaciens,  Katz.    <  lb 
tained  from  sea-water,  mar  Sydney,  X.  S.  W. 

.  npg.  Bacillus  auran- 
tiacus,  Frankland.  Found  in  well-water,  air.,  nliqf., 
mot.,  Bacillus  aureus,  Adaniet/. 

Found  in  water:   also  on  the  skin   in  cases  of  eczema 

orrhceicum,  Lima  ami  Tommasoli.  air.,  nliqf., 
;olden  yellow).  Bacillus  b,  Vignal.  See 
alis,  Vignal.  Bacillus  B.,  Hofmann. 
Found  in  the  larvae  of  Liparis  monacka.  The  cause  of 
Flacherie,  or  Schlaffsucht.  Bacillus  bei  Diphtherie 
des  Menschen,  <  m  r.  See  Ba  illus  diphtheria,  Klebs 
and  Loftier.  Bacillus  bei  Erysipel  am  Kaninchen, 
Bacillus  bei  Erysipel  am  Kaninchenohr,  tier. 
See/)'.'  illuseryi  •  leporis,  Koch.     Bacillus  bei 

Lichen  ruber,  Ger.  See  Bacillus  of  Lichen  ruber, 
Laser.  Bacillus  bei  Keuchhusten,  ( ier.  Seefiacil- 
iuslussis  con  .  Afanassiew.   Bacillus  beri-beri- 

cus,  Lacerda.     Syn. ,  Micrococcus  of beri-beri,  I.acerda, 

sseria,  Winkleri.  Bacille  du  beri-beri,  Fr.  Bacil- 
lus"!' Beri-beri,  Eykmann.  Found  by  I.acerda,  Pekel- 
haring,  and  Winkler,  in  the  blood  of  persons  affected 
with  beri-beri.  Negative  results  were  obtained  by  Eyk- 
mann and  Sternberg.  The  disease  is  now  held  to  be 
identical  with  dochmiasis,  produced  by  the  nematode 
worm  Do  hmius  duodenalis,  Leuckart.  See  Beri-beri. 
Bacillus  berolinensis  indicus,  Classen.  Found  in 
water  of  the  Spree,  air.,  nliqf.,  mot.,  chg.  (indigo- 
blue  i .  npg.  Bacillus  bienstockii,  Bienstock.  Found 
in  human  feces,  mot.,  fig.  Bacillus  brassicae,  Pom- 
mer.  Found  in  infusions  of  cabbage-leaves,  aer. ,  facan- 
aer. ,liqf,  nntot.,  npg.  Bacillus  brunneus,  Adametz 
and  Weichmann.  Found  in  water.  aer.,  facanaer., 
nliqf,  nmot.,  npg.  Bacillus  buccalis,  Vignal.  Syn.. 
Bacillus  ulna,  Vignal.  Bacillus  a,  Vignal;  Bacillus  b, 
Vignal ;  Bacillus  /'  Vignal ;  Bacillus g,  Vignal ;  Bacillus 
j, Vignal.  Bacillus  buccalis  fortuitus,  Vignal.  Bacillus 
buccalis  minutus,  Vignal.  Leptothrix  buccalis,  Vignal. 
From  the  salivary  secretions  of  healthy  persons,  aer., 
liqf.,npg.,chg.  (golden  yellow).  Bacillus  buccalis  , 
maximus,  Miller.  Found  in  the  mouth  of  man. 
Common.  Biologic  characters  undetermined.  Ba- 
cillus buccalis  minutus,  Vignal.  See  Bacillus 
but  alis,  Vignal.  Bacillus  butylicus,  Fitz.  Syn., 
Bacille  butylique,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  butyricus,  Hueppe. 
Bacillus  butyricus,  Botkin,  Hueppe,  Prazmowski. 
( tbtained  from  milk,  hydrant  water  and  well-water,  old 
se,  garden  earth,  dust,  etc.  Syn.,  Actinobacter 
polymorphus,  Duclaux.  Amylobacter  Clostridium, 
Trecul.  Bacillus  actinobacter,  Duclaux.  Bacillus 
amylobacter,  Van  Tieghem.  Bacillus  butylicus,  Fitz. 
Bacterium  navicula,  Reinke  and  Berthold.  Clostridi- 
um butyricum,  Prazmowski.  Micrococcus  amylovo- 
.  Burrill.  Vihrione  butyrique,  Pasteur.  Bacille 
de  la  fermentation  butyrique,  Bacille  de  Liborius, 
Bacille  de  Prazmowski,  Bacteriede  la  fermentation  bu- 
tyrique, Fr.;  Bacillo  buterrico,  I  tab  Bacterium  der  But 
tersauregahrung,  Butterbacillus,  I  luttersaurebacillus, 
Fettbacillus,  Liborius'  Buttersaure  bildender  Bacillus, 
Kartoffelfaiilebacillus,  tier.  Butylbacillus ;  Bacillus 
of  butyric  acid  fermentation;  bacillus  of  fire  blight; 
1'k  illus  of  pear-blight ;  Micrococcus  of  apple-blight ; 
Micrococcus  of  pear-blight.  One  of  the  most  widely 
diffused    forms,   exceedingly  important   and   varied   in 


its  powers  of  decomposition.  It  is  typicall)  anaerobic 
and  the  chief  of  all  the  ferments  giving  rise  to  butyric 
acid  a-  a  primary  product.  It  plays  an  important 
pari  in  the  human  economy  and  in  the  destruction 
■  ■I  plan)  cellulose,  botkin  regards  the  form  observed 
by  him  as  distinct,     air.,  facanaer.,  liqf,  mot.,  npg., 

"i.  Bacillus  butyri  rluorescens,  Lafar.  Occur- 
ring in  every  sample  of  natural  butter  examined. 
Bacterium  butyri  colloideum,  Lafar.  Bacillus 
.  Winkler  and  Schroter.  Bacillus  butyri 
viscosus,  Lafar.  Found  in  butter,  air. ,  nliqf ,  n 
Bacillus  cadaveris,  Sternberg ;  obtained  from  yellow 
tevn  cadavers,  obi. , anair. (strict), nmot., pg.  Bacillus 
canalis  capsulatus,  Mori,  found  in  sewer  water. 
air. .  fac anair.,  nliqf.,  nmot., pg.  (for  mice;  guinea 
pigs,  and  rabbits  immune).  Bacillus  canalis  parvus, 
Mori.      Found   in  sewer   water,     air.,  nliqf,  nmot., 

i  for  mice  and  guinea  pigs).  Bacillus  candicans, 
Frankland.  found  in  soil,  air.,  nliqf,  nmot.,  npg. 
Bacillus  capsulatus,  Pfeiffer.  Obtained  from  the 
blood  of  a  guinea  pig.  air.,  facanair.,  nliqf,  nmot., 
pg.  (for  white  mice  and  house  mice,  guinea  pig-. 
rabbits  and  pigeons  (septicemia).  Cf.  Capsule  ba- 
cillus of  Loeb.  Bacillus  capsulatus  mucosus, 
Fasching.  Found  in  the  nasal  secretions  of  man  in 
cases  of  influenza,  air. ,  facanair.,  nmot. ,  nliqf  ,pg. 
(for  white  mice  ami  field  mice),  npg.  (for  rabbits  and 
pigeons).  Bacillus  capsulatus  smithii.  a,  b,  c,  Theo- 
bald Smith.  Syn. ,  Capsule  bacillus  of  Smith,  bound 
in  the  intestines  of  swine,  air. ,  facanaer. ,  nliqf ,  nmot. , 
npg.  According  to  Smith, possibly  identical  with  Ba- 
cillus lac/is  airogenes,  Escherich.  Bacillus  carabi- 
formis,  Kaczynsky.  Found  in  the  stomach  of  meat- 
fed  dogs,  aer.,  liqf.,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  carotarum, 
A.  Koch.  Obtained  from  cooked  carrots  and  sugar 
beets,  air.,  liqf.,  nmot.,  npg.  Bacillus  catenula, 
Duclaux.  Syn. ,  /  yrolkrix  cannula,  bound  in  cheese. 
anair.  (will  however  grow  in  air),  nmot..  npg. 
Bacillus  caucasicus,  Kern.  Syn.,  Bacterium  cau- 
casicum.  Dispora  caueasica,  Kern.  Grains  de  Ke- 
phyr,  Fr.  ;  Kefirbacillus,  Ketirferment,  Kefirpilz- 
glomerat,  Hirse  des  Propheten,  Oer.  Used  in  the 
preparation  of  the  peculiar  milk-wine,  "  Kefir." 
air.,  facanaer.,  nmot.,  npg.  Bacillus  cavicida, 
Brieger.  See  Bacillus  cavicidus,  Brieger.  Bacillus 
cavicida  havaniensis,  Sternberg.  <  Ibtained  from 
intestine  of  yellow  fever  cadaver,  air.,  facanaer. , 
nliqf,  mot.  Bacillus  cavicidus,  Brieger.  Syn., 
Bacillus  cavicida.  brieger  s  bacillus.  Bacillus  de 
Brieger,  bacterie  de  la  fermentation  propionicjue,  Fr. 
Obtained  from  human  feces,  air.,  facanaer.,  nliqf., 
pg.  (not  for  rabbits  or  mice).  Perhaps  identical  with 
Bacillus  neapolitanus,  Emmerich.  Bacillus  caviae 
fortuitus,  Sternberg.  bound  in  exudates  of  guinea 
pig  inoculated  with  liver  from  yellow  fever  cadaver. 
air.,  facanaer.,  nliqf,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  chau- 
vaei,  Bollinger  and  Feser,  Arloing,  Cornevin,  and 
Thomas.  Syn.,  Bacillus  of  symptomatic  anthrax. 
Bacille  du  charbon  symptomatique,  Bacteridie  du 
charbon  symptomatique,  Fr.  ;  Rauschbrandbacillus, 
Bacillus  des  Rauschbrandes,  Ger.  ;  Bacillo  del  car- 
bonchio  sintomatico,  Ital.  Clostridium  of  sympto- 
matic anthrax.  Neelsen  and  Ehlers  Found  in 
tissues  of  cattle  suffering  from  symptomatic  anthrax, 
"black  leg,"  or  "quarter  evil."  anair.,  liqf, 
mot.,  pg.  Bacillus  chlorinus,  Engelmann.  Syn., 
Arthrobacterium  chlorinum,  De  Bary.  Ba  terium 
chlorinum,  Engelmann.  found  in  infusions  of  de- 
caying vegetable  matter,      ai) . ,  sap. ,  chg.  i  green  i .  npg. 


Abbreviations. — aer.  -aerobic  anaer.  =  anaerobic,  dr.;  •  liromoRenic.  facanaer.  =  facultative  anaerobic,  liqf.  •-  lique- 
(active,  monom  =  monomorphic.  mot.  =  motile,  nliqf.  =  non-liqnefactive  nmot.  =  non-motile,  npg.  non-pathogenic. 
£>£/.  =  obligate,  oscl.  —  oscillating,   pg.    -  pathogenic,  phos.  —  phosphorescent,  pleom.  =  pleomorphic.  iprophytic. 


BACTERIA 


161 


liAC'l  KRIA 


Bacillus  cholerae  asiaticae,  Koch.  See  Spirillum 
cholera  asiatica,  Koch.  Bacillus  cholerae  galli- 
narum,  Fliigge.  See  Bacillus  septicemia  hamor- 
rhagica, Sternberg.  Bacillus  chromo-aromaticus, 
Galtier.  Obtained  from  the  carcass  of  a  diseased  pig. 
a'er.  ,  facanaer. ,  liqf ,  mot. ,  pg.  (for  rabbits).  Bacillus 
circulans,  Jordan.  Found  in  the  water  of  Merrimac 
River,  a'er.,  facanaSr.,  liqf,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus 
citreus.  See  Ascobacillus  citreus,  L'nna  and  Tom- 
masoli.  .Bacillus  citreus  cadaveris,  Strassmann. 
Round  in  cadaver,  aer. ,  liqf.,  nmot.,  chg.  (yellow). 
Bacillus  claviformis,  Duclaux.  Syn.,  Tyrothrix 
claviformis,  Duclaux.  Found  in  fermenting  casein. 
anaer.,  pg.  Bacillus  cloacae,  Jordan.  One  of  the 
most  common  microbes  in  sewage.  a'er.,  facana 
liqf.,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  cceruleus,  Smith.  Found 
in  river  water  (Schuylkill),  aer.,  liqf.,  chg.  (bin 
npg.  Bacillus  coli  communis.  See  Bacillus  nea- 
politanus,  Emmerich.  Bacillus  coli  similis,  Stern- 
berg. Obtained  from  human  liver,  aer.,  facanaer., 
nliqf.,  nmot.,  npg.  Bacillus  constrictus,  Zim- 
mermann.  Found  in  water,  aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf . , 
mot.,  chg.  (cadmium  yellow),  npg.  Bacillus  copro- 
genes  fcetidus,  Schottelius.  Syn.,  Darmbacillus 
von  Schottelius,  Ger. ;  Bacille  coprogene  fetide,  IV. 
Obtained  from  intestinal  contents  of  pigs  dead  of 
malignant  erysipelas,  aer. ,  nliqf..  nmot.,  pg.  Ba- 
cillus coprogenes  parvus.  Syn.,  Mausesepti- 
kamieahnlicher  Bacillus,  Eisenberg.  Obtained  from 
human  feces.  a'er.,  nliqf,  nmot.,  pg.  Bacillus 
crassus,  Van  Tieghem.  The  broadest  known 
bacterium,  4  //.  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  crassus 
sputigenus,  Kreibohm.  Syn. ,  Bacillus  sputigenus 
crassus.  From  the  sputum  and  tongue  of  man.  aer. , 
nliqf. ,  nmot.,  pg.  Bacillus  crystallosus.  Bacillus 
cuneatus.  Syn.,  Bacterium cuncatum,  Rivolta.  Found 
in  the  blood  and  viscera  of  horses,  cattle,  and  dogs 
dead  of  septic  processes,  pg.  Bacillus  cuniculicida, 
Fliigge.  Bacillus  cuniculicidus,  Koch.  See  Bacil- 
lus septicemia  hemorrhagica,  Sternberg.  Bacillus 
cuniculicida  havaniensis,  Sternberg.  Found  in 
viscera  of  yellow  fever  cadavers,  aer. .  fa  anaer. ,  nliqf 
psf.  Bacillus  cuticularis,  Tils.  Found  in  water,  aer., 
liqf. ,  mot. ,  chg.  (yellow) ,  npg.  Bacillus  cyaneo 
phosphorescens,  Katz.  Obtained  from  sea  water 
(Australia),  aer.,  facanaer. ,  liqf,  mot.,  pkos. ,  chg. 
(greenish),  npg.  Bacillus  cyanofuscus,  Beyerinck. 
Obtained  from  glue  and  Edam  cheese,  aer., chg. , (green, 
changing  to  blue,  brown,  black),  liqf,  mot.,  npg. 
Bacillus  cyanogenus,  F'uchs.  Hueppe,  Neelsen. 
Syn.,  Bacillus  lactis  cyanogenus.  Bacillus  syncyanum. 
Bacterium  cyanogenum,  Fuchs,  Bacterium  syncy- 
anum, Ehrenberg,  Schroter.  Vibrio  cyanogenus, 
F'uchs.  Vibrio  syncyanus,  Ehrenberg.  Bacille  du 
lait  blue,  Bacille  cyanogene,  Microbe  du  lait  blue, 
Fr.  Pilz  der  blauen  Milch,  Ger.  Bacillus  of 
blue  milk.  F"ound  in  milk.  aer.,  nliqf,  mot., 
chg.  (grayish  blue),  npg.  Bacillus  cystiformis, 
Clado.  F'ound  in  urine  of  patient  with  cystitis,  aer. , 
nliqf.,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  delicatulus,  Jordan. 
Found  in  hydrant  water  (Lawrence,  Mass.).  a 
liqf.,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  dentalis  viridans, 
Miller.  Syn.,  Miller's  bacillus.  Found  in  carious 
dentine,  aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf. , pg.  Bacillus  deni- 
trificans,  Giltay  and  Aberson.  Obtained  from  the 
soil,  air,  and  sewage,  aer.,  nliqf.,  mot.,  npg.  Cf. 
Bacterium  denitrificans,  Gayon  and  Dupetit.  Bacil- 
lus der  Akne  contagiosa  des  Pferdes.  See  Bacil- 
lus of  horse  pox.     Bacillus   der    amerikanischen 


Rinderseuche,Canerva.  See  Bacillus  of  swine  plague, 
Marseilles.  Bacillus  des  Bindehautcatarrhs,  Koch. 
See  Bacillus  of  conjunctival  catarrh.  Bacillus  der 
blauen  Milch.  See  Bacillus  cyanogenus,  Fuchs. 
Bacillus  der  Buffelseuche,  Oreste,  Armenni. 
Ba  illus septicemia  hemorrhagica ,  Sternberg.  Bacil- 
lus der  Buttersauregahrung.  See  Bacillus  bulyri- 
,  11  ,  Prazmowski.  Bacillus  der  Chyluria.  See 
Bacillus  of  chyluria,  Wilson.  Bacillus  der  Dachs- 
leber,  Marpmann.  Found  in  the  necrotic  por- 
tions from  the  abscesses  in  the  liver  of  a  badger. 
Bacillus  der  Eiweisszersetzung.  See  Bacillus 
putrificui  coli,  Bienstock.  Bacillus  der  Faulbrut. 
See  Bacillus  alvei,  Cheshire  and  Cheyne.  Bacil- 
lus der  Frettchenseuche  (ferret  disease),  Eberth 
and  Schimmelbusch.  See  Bacillus  of  swine  plague, 
Marseilles.  Bacillus  des  gelben  Fiebers. 
Bacillus  of  yellow  fever.  Bacillus  der  Hadern- 
krankheit.  See  Bacillus  hominis  capsulatus,  Bordoni- 
Uffreduzzi.  Bacillus  der  Harnstoffgahrung. 
Bacillus  uree,  Leube.  Bacillus  der  Hiihner- 
cholera.  See  Bacillus  septicemie  kemon 
Sternberg.  Bacillus  der  Jequirity  Opthalmie, 
•  rer.  See  Bacillus  of  jequirity  ophthalmia,  De 
Wecker.  Bacillus  der  Kalberdiphtherie,  Ger. 
See  Bacillus  diphtheria  vitulorum,  LSffler.  Bacillus 
der  Kaninchenseptikamie,  Koch.  See 
septicemic  hemorrhagica,  Sternberg.  Bacillus  der 
Lepra.  See  Bacillus  lepra,  Hansen.  Bacillus 
der  Lungen  des  Rindviehs,  Ger.  See  Bacillus 
of  the  lungs  of  cattle,  Lustig.  Bacillus  der  Mala- 
ria, Ger.  See  Bacillus  malaria,  Klebs  and  Tommasi 
Crudeli.  Bacillus  der  Mauseseptikamie.  See 
Bacillus  erysipelatos  suis,  Sternberg.  Bacillus  der 
Pseudotuberculose  der  Kaninchen,  Ger.  See 
Bacillus  of  pseudotuberculosis  in  rabbits.  Bacillus 
des  Puerperalfiebers,  Ger.  See  Bacillus puerpera lis . 
Engel  and  Spillman.  Bacillus  der  Pyamie,  Ger.  See 
Bacillus  of  pyemia,  Beltzow.  Bacillus  der  Rinder- 
seuche,  Kitt. ,  Ger.  See  Bacillus  septicemia  hemor- 
rhagica, Sternberg.  Bacillus  der  roten  Milch. 
See  Bacillus  prodigiosus,  Ehrenberg.  Bacillus  der 
schleimigen  Milch,  Loftier,  Ger.  See  Bacillus  lactis 
pituitosi,  Loftier.  Bacillus  der  Schweinepest,  Ger. 
See  Bacillus  ex pneumo-enteritide  suis ,  Klein.  Bacil- 
lus der  Schweineseuche,  Loffler  and  Schutz.  See 
Bacillus  septicemia  hamorrhagica,  Sternberg.  Bacil- 
lus der  Schweineseuche  Marseilles,  Rietsch  and 
Jobert.  See  Bacillus  of  swine  plague,  Marseilles. 
Bacillus  der  Septikamie  bei  Mausen,  Ger.  See 
Bacillus  erysipelatos  suis,  Sternberg.  Bacillus  der 
Taubendiphtherie.  See  Bacillus  diphtheric  colum- 
barum,  Loffler.  Bacillus  der  Wildseuche,  Hueppe, 
Ger.  See  Bacillus  septicemia  hamorrhagica,  Stern- 
berg. Bacillus  der  Wurmkrankheit.  See  Bacillus 
of  Nocard.  Bacillus  der  Xerosis  epithelialis  con- 
junctivae. See  Bacillus  of  xerosis  epithelialis  conjunc- 
tivae, Leber,  Kuschbert,  and  Neisser.  Bacillus  des 
Aussatzes,  Ger.  See  Bacillus  lepra,  Hansen. 
Bacillus  des  Blutes,  Ger.  See  Bacillus  of  the 
blood.  Bacillus  des  Erysipelas  malignum  beim 
Schwein,  Ger.  See  Bacillus  erysipelatos  suis,  Stern- 
berg. Bacillus  des  Gefliigeltyphoid,  Ger.  See 
Bacillus  septicemia  hamorrhagica,  Sternberg.  Bacil- 
lus des  griinblauen  Eiters,  Ger.,  also  Bacillus 
des  grunen  Eiters.  See  Bacillus pyocyaneus,  Ges- 
sard.  Bacillus  des  Harns,  Ger.  Microbe  of  the 
urine.  Bacillus  des  Keuchhustens,  Ger.  See 
Bacillus  tussis  convulsive,  Afanassiew.     Bacillus  des 


Abbreviations. — a'er.  =  aerobic,   anaer  =  anaerobic,   chg.  =chromogenic.  facanaer.  =  facultative  anaerobic,    liqf.  —  liquefac- 
tive.     monom.  =  monomorphic.     mot.  =  motile     nliqf  =  non-liquefactive.     nmot.  =  non-motile,     npg.  =  non-pathogenic. 
obi.  =  obligate,  oscl.  =  oscillating,  pg.  =  pathogenic,  phos.  =  phosphorescent.   pleom.=   pleomorphic,   sap.  =  saprophytic, 
II 


BACTERIA 


162 


BACTERIA 


Milchfaeces,  Bacillus  des  Milchkotes.  Ger.     See 
Bacillus  neapolitanus,  Emmerich,  and   Bacillus  lactis 
Escherich.        Bacillus     des     Pseudo- 
schweinerotlaufs,  ( rer.      See   Bacillus  parvus 

.  I  offler.  Bacillus  des  Rauschbrandes,  ( it  r. 
See  Ba  illus  chauvari,  Bollinger  and  Feser.  Bacil- 
lus des  Rhinoscleroms,  Ger.  See  Bacillus  rhino- 
scleromatis,  Cornil  and  Alvarez.  Bacillus  des 
roten    Brodes,     Ger.       S<  ■<  nts, 

Ehrenberg.  Bacillus  des  Rotzes.  See  Bacillus 
mallei,  I. oilier.  Bacillus  des  Schweinerotlaufs, 
ffler  and  Schiitz,!  rer.  S3  n. ,  Bacillus  erysipelatos  suis, 
mberg.  Bacillus  des  Wundstarrkrampfes, 
Ger.  See  Bacillus  tetani,  Nicolaier.  Bacillus  de- 
vorans,  Zimmermann.  Found  in  well  water,  aer., 
in'aer.,  liqf,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  diffusus, 
Frankland.  Found  in  the  si >il .  aer.,  liqf.,  n 
Bacillus  diphtheriae,  Klebs  and  Loffler.  Syn. ,  i 
cillus  diphtheriticus ,  Bacillus  diphtheritidis,  Micro- 
coccus diphtheriticus,  Cohn.  Bacillus  bei  Diphtherie 
des  Menschen,  Bacterie  der  Diphtherie,  Ger.  Bacille 
de  la  diphtherie,  Ba<  terie  de  la  diphtherie,  Fr.  Found 
in  diphtheritic  false  membranes.  aer.,  nliqf,  nmot., 
facanaer.,  pg.  Bacillus  diphtheriae  columbarum, 
I. offler.  Bacillus  der  Taubendiphtherie,  Bacterium 
der  1  hphtherie  bei  Menschen  und  Tauben,  Ger. 
Bacille  de  la  diphtherie  des  pigeons,  Fr.  From  the 
pseudomembraneg  in  the  mouths  of  pigeons  infected 
with  pigeon  diphtheria.  aer. ,  nliqf.,  nmot.,  pg. 
Bacillus  diphtheriae  vitulorum,  Loffler.  Bacille  de 
la  diphtherie  des  veaux,  Fr.  Bacillus  der  Kalber- 
diphtherie,  Ger.  From  the  pseudomembranes  in  the 
mouths  of  calves  infected  with  epidemic  diphtheria ; 
culture  experiments  unsuccessful.  pg.  Rabbits  and 
guinea  pigs  immune.  Bacillus  diphtheriticus,  Ba- 
cillus diphtheridis,  Bacillus  diphtheritis.  See 
illus  diphtheria,  Klebs  and  1. offler.  Bacillus 
distortus,  Duclaux.  Sya.,7yroth?ixdistortus.  Found 
in  milk  and  cheese,  aer.,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus 
dysenteriae,  Chantemesse  and  Widal.  Syn.,  Bacille 
de  la  dysenterie  epidemique  ;  Microbe  de  la  dysenterie 
epidemique,  Fr.  Found  in  the  intestinal  contents  and 
viscera  of  dysentery  cadavers.  aer. ,  nliqf. ,  pg. 
Bacillus  dysodes,  Zopf.      Syn.,  Bacterium  ' 

Found  in  yeast,  inducing  fermentative  changes  in 
bread,  causing  it  to  smell  disagreeably  and  to  become 
greasy  and  unfit  for  use.  Bacillus  Emmerich.  See 
illus  neapolitanus,  Emmerich.  Bacillus  endo- 
carditidis  capsulatus,  Weichselbaum.  From  viscera 
of  man  who  died  of  endocarditis  with  thrombi,  aer. , 
nliqf., pg.  Bacillus  endocarditidis  griseus,  Weich- 
selbaum. From  the  heart  in  a  case  of  endocarditis 
recurrens  ulcerosa,  aer..  nliqf,  mot.,  pg.  Bacillus 
enteritidis,  <  Partner,  obtained  from  the  tissues  of  a 
cow  killed  on  account  of  sickness'  attended  with 
mucous  diarrhea,  and  from  the  spleen  of  a  man  who 
died  shortly  after  eating  of  the  flesh  of  this  cow. 
.,  nliqf,  mot.,  pg.  I>ogs,  cats,  chickens,  and 
rrows  are  immune.  Bacillus  epidermidis,  Bizzo 
o.  Syn..  Leptotkrix epidermidis.  Microsporon  min 
nmum,  Burchart.  From  the  epidermis  between  the 
toes,  aer.,  nliqf,  npg.  Bacillus  epidermidis,  Boi 
doni-Uffreduzzi.  See  Bacillus  of  Scheurlen.  Bacillus 
Epsilon,  von  Miller.  See  Spirillum.  Finkler-Prior. 
Bacillus  erysipelatos  suis,  Koch,  I.uliler,  Schiitz, 
Pasteur.  Syn.,  Bacillus  erysipelas  malignum,  Bacillus 
minimus,  Bacillus  murisepticus ,  Miigge.  Bacillus 
septicus,  Koch.  Bacille  de  la  septicemic  de  la  souris, 
Bacille  du  erysipele  du   pore,  Bacille  du   mal  rouge, 


Bacille  du  rouget  du  pore,  Pasteur,  Bacille  murisep- 
tique,    Fr.       Bacillus    der    Mauseseptikamie,    Koch. 

Bacillus      des       Rotlaufs,      Bacillus     des     Schweinei.it 

laufs,  Loffler,  Schiitz.  Rotlauf  bacillus,  Ger.  Bacillus 
oi  mouse  septicemia.  Bacillusof  hog  erysipelas.  First 
obtained  by  Koch  by  injecting  putrefying  flesh  beneath 

the  skin  of  mice,  afterward  bj  Loffler  and  Schiitz  from 
carcasses  of  swine  dead  of  "  Rotlauf."  aer.,  faca- 
naer., nliqf,  pg.  Bacillus  erysipelatos  leporis, 
Koch.  Syn.,  Bacillus  bei  Erysipel  am  Kaninchen, 
Bacillus  bei  Erysipel  am  Kaninchenohr,  Ger.  Bacille 
de  l'erysipele  du  lapin,  Fr.  Bacillus  of  erysipelas  in 
the  rabbit,  bound  in  the  erysipelatous  inflammation 
in  a  rabbit's  ear  caused  by  the  injection  of  mouse's 
dung.  Bacillus  erythrosporus,  Eidam,  Cohn,  and 
Millet.  Syn  .  Bacille  erythrosopore,  It.  Found  in 
putrefying  albuminous  fluids,  water,  etc.  aer. ,  nliqf, 
mot.,  chg.  (greenish  yellow,  fluorescent),  npg.  Ba- 
cillus ethaceticus,  Frankland.  Cause  of  fermentation 
ofarabinose.  Bacillus  ex  pneumo-enteritide  suis,  E. 
Klein,  Schiitz,  Salmon,  Cornil,  Chantemesse,  Selander. 
Syn.,  Microbe  der  Schweinspocken,  Oer.  ;  Bacille  de 
la  pneumo-enterite  du  pore,  Fr.  Bacillus  of  hog 
cholera.  Found  in  the  intestinal  contents,  blood,  and 
viscera  of  swine  dead  of  hog  cholera,  aer. ,  fat  anaer. , 
nliqf,  mot.,  pg.  Bacillus  j\  Yignal.  See  Bacillus 
buccalis,  Vignal.  Bacillus  facultatus,  Sadebeck  and 
]•'..  FrSnkel.  Found  in  non-malignant  pharyngeal 
mycosis.  Bacillus  figurans,  Crookshank.  See  Ba- 
cillus mesentericus  vulgatus.  Bacillus  figurans, 
Vaughan.  Found  in  water,  air.,  liqf.,  mot.,  npg. 
Bacillus  filiformis,  I  Hiclaux.  Syn. ,  Tyrothrix  fili- 
formis.  Found  in  cheese  and  milk.  aer. ,  mot.,  npg. 
Bacillus  filiformis,  Tils.  Found  in  water,  aer., 
liqf,  oscl.,  npg.  Bacillus  filiformis  havaniensis, 
Sternberg.  From  the  liver  of  a  yellow  fever  cadaver. 
anaer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf.,  nmot.,  npg.  Bacillus  fit- 
zianus,  Zopf.  See  Bacillus  subtilis,  Cohn.  Bacillus 
flavescens,  Pohl.  Found  in  swamp  water,  aer. , 
nliqf.,  chg.  (yellow).  Bacillus  foetidus,  Liborius. 
Syn.,  Bacterium  fatidum.  Clostridium  foetidus,  Libo- 
rius. Corpuscles  brillants,  Micrococci  of  S.  Le.  M. 
Moore.  Obtained  from  soil.  anaer,  liqf,  mot. 
Bacillus  foetidus  lactis,  Jensen.  From  milk,  aer., 
nliqf,  npg.  Bacillus  fcetidus  ozaenae,  I  Iajek.  Ob- 
tained from  nasal  secretions  of  patients  with  ozena. 
aer.,  facanaer.,  liqf,  mot.,  pg.  Bacillus  flavoco- 
riaceus,  Eisenberg.  Syn.,  Sulphur  yellow  bacillus 
(Adametz).  found  in  water,  air.,  nliqf,  nmot., 
chg.  (sulphur  yellow),  npg.  Bacillus  flavus,  Mace. 
Found  in  drinking  water.  aer.,  liqf.,  chg.  (golden 
yellow),  nmot.  Bacillus  fluorescens  aureus,  Zim- 
mermann. Found  in  hydrant  water  (Chemnitz),  air., 
nliqf.,  mot.,  chg.  (ocher  yellow),  npg.  Bacillus  fluo- 
rescens longus,  Zimmermann.  bound  in  hydrant 
water  (Chemnitz),  aer.,  nliqf.,  /not.,  dig.  (grayish 
yellow),  npg.  Bacillus  fluorescens  liquefaciens, 
Fliigge.  (  ommon  in  water  and  putrefying  infusions. 
aer.,  liqf,  mot.,  chg.  (greenish  yellow),  npg.  Cf. 
Bacillus  riscosus,  Frankland.  Bacillus  fluorescens 
■  liquefaciens  minutissimus,  Cnna  and  Tommasoli. 
Found  upon  skin  in  cases  of  eczema  seborrhceicum. 
aer. ,  facanair.,  liqf,  mot.,  dig.,  (greenish  yellow  1, 
n  .  Possibly  identical  with  the  preceding  spei  i 
Bacillus  fluorescens  nivalis,  Schmolck.  Syn.,  /.',/ 
cillus  nivalis,  Gletscher  bacillus,  Olacier  bacillus. 
Found  in  snow  and  ice  water  from  Norwegian 
glaciers,  aer.,  liqf. ,  mo/.,  dig.  (bluish  green),  npg. 
Bacillus    fluorescens    non  liquefaciens,    Schiller. 


Abbreviations. — aer.  =  aerobic,  anaer.  =■  anaerobic,  die;.  ^=  chromogenic.  facanaer.  facultative  anaerobic.  //>//".  — -liquefac- 
tive.  niomim.  =  monomorphic.  mot.  =  motile,  nliqf.  =  non-liquefactive.  nmot.  non-motile,  npg.  —  non-pathogenic. 
obi.  —obligate,   oscl.  —  oscillating.  pg.  =  pathogenic,  phos.  =  phosphorescent,  pleotn.  =  pleomorphic,    sap.  =  saprophytic. 


BACTERIA 


ig:j 


i:.\(  tkkia 


Found  in  water,  aer. ,  nliqf,  nmot.,  chg.  (greenish 
yellow),  npg.  According  t<>  Baumgarten  identical 
with  the  Bacillus  of  Lesage.  Bacillus  fluorescens 
putidus,  Fliigge.  I'ound  in  water.  aer.,  nl 
mot.,  chg.  (greenish),  npg.  Bacillus  fluorescens 
tenuis,  Zimmermann.  Found  in  hydrant  water 
(Chemnitz).  aer.,  nliqf.,  nmot.,  cli  ■>  enish  yel 
low),  npg.  Bacillus  fcetidus,  Passet.  Syn., 
terium  fcetidum,  Thin.  Clostridium  fcetidum,  Libo- 
rius.  Corpuscles  brillants.  Found  in  cases  of  i 
sweating  feet,  in  the  exudations  of  mice  inoculated 
with  garden  earth,  and  in  cases  of  malignant 
edema,  ana'er. ,  liqf. ,  mot. ,  npg.  Bacillus  fcetidus 
lactis,  Jensen.  Found  in  milk,  aer.,  nliqf.,  npg. 
Resembles  Bacillus  neapolitanus,  Emmerich.  Bacil- 
lus fulvus,  Zimmermann.  Found  in  hyi  iter, 
(i  hemnitz).  aer., liqf, nm  t.,chg.  (gamboge yell 
npg.  Bacillus  fuscus.  Obtained  from  a  putrefying 
infusion  of  maize,  from  the  air,  etc.  Cf.  Bacterium 
brunneum,  Schroter.  Bacillus  fuscus  limbatus, 
S<  heibenzuber.  Obtained  from  rotten  eggs,  aer., 
facanaer.,  nliqf,  mot.,  dig.  (brown),  npg.  Bacillus 
galinarum,  Klein.  Found  in  blood  of  chickens 
dead  of  a  disease  resembling  chicken  cholera. 
nliqf. ,nmot.,pg.  Bacillus  gasoformans,  Eisenberg. 
Found  in  water,  aer.,  facanaer.,  liqf,  mot.,  npg. 
Bacillus  gaytoni,  Cheshire.  The  cause  of  a  disease 
of  honey-bees.  Cf.  Bacillus  alvei,  Cheshire  and 
Cheyne.  Bacillus  geniculatus,  De  Bary.  Syn., 
Tyrothrix  geniculatus,  Duclaux,  Bacterium  en  zig- 
ag,  Fr.  Found  in  the  contents  of  the  stomach,  aer. , 
nliqf,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  gingivae,  Miller.  Ba- 
cillus gingivae  pyogenes,  Miller.  See  Bacterium 
gingiva  pyogenes,  Miller.  Found  in  a  filthy  mouth, 
and  in  purulent  dental  pulp,  aer.,  facanaer.,  liqf., 
pg.  (for  white  mice,  guinea  pigs,  and  rabbits).  Ba- 
cillus glaucus,  Maschek.  Found  in  water,  aer., 
liqf.,  nmot.,chg.  (gray),  npg.  Bacillus  gliscroge- 
num.  See  Bacterium gliscrogenum,  Malerba.  Bacil- 
lus glycerinae,  Buchner.  See  Bacillus  subtilis,  Cohn. 
Bacillus  gracilis,  Zimmermann.  Found  in  hydrant 
water,  (Chemnitz),  aer. ,  facanaer. ,  liqf. ,  osc/.,  npg. 
Bacillus  gracilis  anaerobiescens,  Vaughan.  Found 
in  water,  aer. .  facanaer. ,  nliqf.,  mo'.,  npg.  Bacillus 
gracilis  cadaveris,  Sternberg.  Obtained  in  human 
liver,  aer. ,  facanaer.,  nmot.,  nliqf. , pg.  Bacillus 
granulosus,  Russel.  Found  in  mud  (Bay  of  Naples). 
aer. ,  facanaer. ,  liqf. ,  nmot.  Pathogenesis  not  deter- 
mined. Bacillus  graveolens,  Bordoni  and  Uffre- 
duzzi.  .Syn.,  Bacille  de  la  sueur  des  pieds,  Fr.  Com- 
pare Bacillus  saprogenes,  II,  Rosenbach,  and  Bacillus 
fcetidus,  Passet.  Found  on  epidermis  between  the  toes 
of  man.  aer.,  liqf-,  npg.  Bacillus  guttatus,  Zim- 
mermann. Found  in  hydrant  water  (Chemnitz),  a 
facanaer. ,  liqf. ,  mot. ,  npg.  Bacillus  halophilus, 
Russel.  Obtained  from  water  and  mud  I  Bay  oi 
Naples),  aer.,  liqf ,  mot.  Pathogenesis  not  determined. 
Bacillus  hansenii,  Raspmussen.  Found  in  various 
nutrient  liquids.  aer.,  mo!  ,  die',  (chrome  yellow  to 
yellowish  brown).  Bacillus  havaniensis,  Sternberg. 
Syn. ,  Micrococcus  havaniensis,  (?)  Steinberg.  Bacil- 
lus havaniensis  liquefaciens,  Sternberg.  Obtained 
from  the  surface  of  the  body  of  patients  in  the  hospital 
at  Havana,  aer.,  nliqf.,  chg.  (blood-red).  Bacillus 
helvolus,  Zimmermann.  Found  in  hydrant  water 
i  (  hemnitz).  aer.,  liqf,  mot.  (rotary  only),  chg.  |  Naples 
yellow),  npg.  Bacillus  heminecrobiophilus,  At 
loing.  Found  in  a  caseous  lymphatic  gland  of  a  guinea 
pig.      aer. ,  facanaer. ,    nliqf. ,    mot. ,   pg.       Bacillus 


hepaticus  fortuitus,  Sternberg,     obtained  from  the 
exudations  of  a  guinea  pig  inoculated  with  liver  from  a 
yellow  fever  patient,    aer., nliqf,  mot.,  npg.    Bacillus 
hessii,  Guillebeau.    Found  in  cow's  milk,     aer.,  I 
mot.      I  rmined.    Bacillus  homi- 

nis  capsulatus,  Bordoni-Uffreduzzi.     Syn.,   /' 

.  Band.  Proteus  hominis  capsulatus, 
Bordoni  Uffreduzzi.  Bacillus  der  Hadernkrankheit, 
Bai  illus  of  rag-picker's  diseas  I  obtained  from  persons 
dead   from   i  i  ise.     aer.,  nliqf,  nm 

/;r.     Bacillus  hyacinthi  septicus,  Heinz.     Found  in 
diseased  hyacinths,   aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf,  mot.,n 
Cf.    Bacterium   hyacinthi,  Wakker.      Bacillus   hya- 
linus,  Jordan.     Found   in    hydrant    water  ( Lawrence, 
Mass.).     aer. ,  i  f.,  mot.,  npg.      Reduces 

nitrates     rapidly.       Bacillus    hydrophilus     fuscus, 
Sanerelli.    Syn. ,  Bacille  de  la  septicemic  gan  ^reneuse  de 
la grenouille ,  Legrain.       From  the  lymph  of  • 
fr<  igs.    aer.,  liqf. ,  mot.,  pg.    Bacillus  implexus,  Zim- 
mermann.    Found  in  hydrant  water  (Chemnitz) . 
liqf,  mot.,  npg.     Bacillus  incanus,  Pohl.     Found  in 
swamp-water,    aer. Jin'.,  mot.    Not  sufficiently  studied. 
Bacillus    indicus,    Koch.       Syn.,    Bacillus   indicus 
ruber,  Koch.     Micrococcus  indicus,  Koch.      F'ound  in 
the  intestinal  contents  of  a  monkey,      aer.,  facana 
liqf, mot., chg. (brick-red  rrabbits).    Bacillus 

indigoferus,  <  lassen.  F'ound  in  river  water  3pn 
aer. ,  nliqf,  mot.,  dig.  (deep  indigo  blue),  npg. 
Bacillus  indigogenus,  Alvarez.  Found  in  an  in- 
fusion of  the  leaves  of  the  indigo  plant.  ( Indigofera 
tinctoria,  I..),  aer.,  mot.  chg.  (indigo  blue), 
Bacillus  inflatus,  A.  Koch.  Obtained  from  the 
air.  aer. ,  liqf,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  intestinus 
motilis,  Sternberg.  From  the  intestinal  contents  of 
yellow  fever  cadavers,  aer. ,  facanaer.,  n  if.,  mot., 
npg.  Bacillus  inunctus,  Pohl.  Found  in  swamp 
water,     aer.,    fa  .  liqf,  mot.     Pathogenesis  not 

determined.  Bacillus  invisibilis,  Vaughan.  Found 
in  water,  aer. ,  facanaer. .  nliqf. .  in, >t. .  n  '•  .  Bacillus 
iodococcus  vaginatus,  Miller.  See  lodo.c 
vaginalus.  Bacillus  iris,  Frick.  aer.,  nliqf.,  nmot. 
(green),  npg.  Bacillus  janthinus,  Zopf.  Syn.,  Bac- 
terium janthinus,  Zopf.  Violet  bacillus,  found  in 
sewage  (Lawrence,  Mass.).  aer.,  liqf,  mot.,  dig. 
(blui>h  violet),  npg.  Bacillus  kaukasicus,  Ger. 
Si  -  Bacillus  caucasicus,  Kern.  Bacillus  klebsii. 
See  Bacillus  syphilid^.  Lu-tgarten.  Bacillus  lacti- 
cus,  Pasteur.  See  Bacillus  acidi  lactici,  Hueppe. 
Bacillus  lactis  aerogenes,  F.scherich  and  Abelou-. 
Syn.,  Bacillus  ae  •  'is  capsulatus.   Smith. 

Bacterium  lactis  aerogenes,  F^scherich.  Bacille  aero- 
gene,  Fr.  ;  Bacillus  des  Milchkotes,  Bacillus  des 
Milchfaeces,  Ger.  Found  in  the  stomach  and  in- 
testine of  healthy  adults.  aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf, 
npg.  Bacillus  lactis  albus.  Loftier.  Found  in 
milk,  aer.,  liqf,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  lactis  cy- 
anogenus.  See  Bacillus  cyanogenus,  Hueppe.  Ba- 
cillus lactis  erythrogenes,  Hueppe  and  Baginsky. 
Syn.,  Bacillus  of  red  milk.  F'ound  in  milk  and  the 
feces  of  a  child,  aer. ,  liqf,  nmot.,  cl/e:  (yellow  and 
red),  npg.  Bacillus  lactis  pituitosi.  I. ottler.  Syn., 
Bacillus  lactis  viscosus,  Adametz,  Loffler'che  Bacil- 
lus der  schleimigen  Milch.  Found  in  milk,  a 
nliqf,  npg.  Bacillus  lactis  viscosus,  Adametz. 
Found  in  ropy  milk.  aer. ,  nliqf,  nmot.,  npg.  Capsu- 
lated.  Bacillus  latericeus.  Eisenberg.  Syn.,  Ziegelro- 
ter  bacillus,  Adametz.  Found  in  water,  air.,  nliqf., 
I  brick  red),  npg.  Bacillus  leioder- 
mos,    Loftier.       Syn.,    Bacillus    liodermos,    Fliigge. 


Abbreviations.— aer.  =  aerobic,  anaer.--  anaerobic,  chg.  =  chromogenic.  facanaer.  =  facultative  anaerobic,  liqf.  =  liquefac- 
tive.  monom.  =  monomorphic.  mot.  =  motile,  nliqf  =  non-liquefactive.  nmot.  =  non-motile,  npg:  =  non-pathogenic. 
obi.  =  obligate,  oscl.  =  oscillating.  pg.=  pathogenic,  phos   =  phosphorescent,  pleom.  =  pleomorphic,  sap.  =  saprophytic. 


BACTERIA 


KM 


BA<    I  ERIA 


Glatthautbildender  Kartoffelbacillus,  Gummibacillus. 
Found    in    milk.      aer. .    liqr'.,   m  Bacillus 

leporis   lethalis,   Gibier  and   Sternberg.     From   the 
intestinal  contents  of  yellow  fever  patients,    aer.,  Hqf, 
Bacillus    leprae,   Armauer  and    Hansen. 
,  Aussatzbat  illus,  Bacillus  der  1  epra,  Bacillus  des 
\u  ;    Bacille  de  la   lepre,    Fr.  ;    Bacillo 

della  lebbra,  It.      Found  in   leprous   tubercles.     Can 
nol   be  cultivated  in  ordinary  media.     Specific  patho- 
genesis settled  by  inoculation  of  .1  condemned  criminal. 
Bacillus    leptosporus,   L.    Klein.      Obtained    from 
the  air  ot.,  npg.     Bacillus  lethalis,  Babes. 

Syn.,  Proteus  lethalis.  Proteus  bei  LungengangrSne 
des  Menschen.  Obtained  from  spleen  and  lung  of 
patient  dead  of  septicemia,  aer.,  facanaer.,  liqf, 
mot., pg.  Bacillus  limbatus  acidi  lactici,  Marp- 
mann.     Found  in  cow's  milk.     air.,   nliqf,   nmot., 

.  Bacillus  limosus,  Ru»cl.  Obtained  from  mud 
(Bay  of  Naples),  aer. ,  liqf '.,  mot.  Pathogenesis  not 
determined.  Bacillus  lineola.  See  Bach  rium  iine- 
ola,  Cohn.  Bacillus  liodermos,  Fliigge.  See  Ba- 
'us  leiodermos,  Loftier.  Bacillus  liquefaciens, 
Eisenberg.  Found  in  water,  air.,  liqf.,  m  >t.,  npg. 
Bacillus  liquefaciens  bovis,  Arloing.     Syn.,  Pn 

acillus  .'.■  ns  bovis.      From  the  lungs  of  a 

diseased  ox.  ,  liqf. ,  nmot.,  pg.    Bacil- 

lus liquefaciens  communis,  Sternberg.  Obtained 
from  the  feces  of  yellow  fever  patients,  aer. ,  facanaer. , 
Bacillus  liquefaciens  magnus, 
Liideritz.  Found  in  the  exudates  of  mice  inoculated 
with  garden  earth,  anaer.,  liqf,  mot.,  npg.  Bacil- 
lus liquefaciens  parvus,  Liideritz.  Source  same 
as  last,  anaer.,  liqf,  nmot.,  npg.  Bacillus  liquidus, 
1  rankland.  Found  in  river  water  (Thames).  Com- 
mon, aer. ,  liqf,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  litoralis, 
Russel.     Obtained  from  mud  (Bay  of  Naples),     aer., 

inaer.,  liqf.,  mot.  Pathogenesis  not  determined. 
Bacillus  lividus,  Plagge  and  Proskauer.  Found  in 
hydrant  water  (Berlin),  aer. ,  facanaer.,  liqf.,  mot., 
(brick  red),  npg.  Bacillus  lucens.  Van  Tieg- 
h  m.  Syn.,  Bacterium  lucens,  Van  Tieghem.  Found 
on  the  surface  of  water,  al'r.,  nmot.  Brilliant.  Ba- 
cillus luteus,  Fliigge.  Syn.,  Bacterium  Int. urn. 
List.  Gelber  Bacillus,  Ger.  Found  in  superficial 
layers  of  gelatin  plate  culture,  aer.,  nmot.,  nliqf, 
chr.    (yellow   .  Bacillus  luteus  suis,  Salmon 

and  Smith.     Found  in  the  perivisceral  fluids  of  swine. 
aer. ,  liqf,  mot.,chg.  (yellow  red).     Smells  like  glue. 
Bacillus  lyssae,  Pasteur.     Syn.,  Coccobacteriuiti  ly 
Rivolta.     Lissophyton  suspectum,  Hallier.     Micrococci 
della  rabbi  a,  Ital.     Bacille  de  la  rage,  Fr.;  Hundswut- 

illus,  Ger.  Cf.  Bacterium  sepHcum  sputigenum, 
Fraenkel.  Found  in  saliva  of  hydrophobic  patients 
and  animals.  Cf.  Bacillus  septicus sputigenus,  Fliigge. 
Bacillus  maldis,  Cuboni.  From  macerated  corn  and 
the  feces  of  pellagra  patients,  aer.,  liqf,  mot.,  npg. 
Bacillus    malandrias,   Israel.     See    Bacillus  mallei, 

:ler.  Bacillus  malariae,  K  lebs  and  T<  >mmasi-Cru- 
deli.  Syn.,  Bacille  de  la  malaria,  Bacille  du  sang, 
Fr.  ;  Bacillus  der  Malaria,  Bacillus  des  Blutes,  Blul 
bacillus,  Ger.  ;  Bacillo  della  malaria,  It.  Bacillus  of 
the  blood.  <  ihtained  from  the  soil  and  air  of  the 
Campagnia,  from  swamps,  from  the  blood  of  malarial 
patients,  etc.  Pathogenesis  disputed.  Bacillus 
mallei,  Loffler.  Syn.,  Bacillus  malandrue,  Israel; 
Rotzbacillus,  Bacillus  des  Rotzes,  Ger.;  Bacille  de  la 
morve,  Fr.  found  in  the  nasal  discharges,  nodules, 
etc.,  of  animals  with  glanders,  aer.,  fa*  anaer. ,  nmot. 
(strictly     parasitic),    pg.     (proven    by    inoculation). 


Bacillus  martinez,   Sternberg.     <  fbtained  from  the 

liver    ot     a    yellow    fever    cadaver.      aer.,    facanaer., 
nliqf,  nmot  .  Bacillus  maydis.     See  Bacillus 

maidis,  Cuboni.  Syn. ,  Bacterium  maydis,  Cuboni; 
Batterio  della  pellagra,  It.  Bacillus  megaterium, 
De  Bary.  Found  on  the  leaves  of  boiled  cabbage. 
aer.,  liqf,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  melanosporus, 
Eidam.  Obtained  from  the  air.  aer.,  facanaer., 
chg.  (black),  npg.  Bacillus  melittopthorus.  See 
Bacillus  ahei.  (  heshire  and  ( Iheyne.  Bacillus  melo- 
chloros,  Winkler  and  Schrotter.  Syn.,  Bacillus 
butyri  fluorescens,  Lafar.  Obtained  from  the  dej 
tions  of  the  larva  in  a  wormy  apple,  aer.,  liqf,  mot., 
(emerald  green),  /  foi  rabbits).  Bacillus 
membranaceus  amethystinus,  Eisenberg.  found 
in  well  water  (Spalato).  aer.,  liqf,  nmot.,  chg. 
(dark  violet),  npg.  Bacillus  meningitidis  puru- 
lentae,  Naumann  and  SchSffer.  <  obtained  from  pus 
taken  from  beneath  the  pia  mater  in  a  person  dead  of 
purulent  meningitis,  air.,  facanaer. ,  nliqf. ,  mot., pg. 
Bacillus  merismopcedioides,  Zopf.  Syn.,  Arthro- 
bacterium  or  Bacterium  merismopadioides,  De  Iiary. 
(  obtained  from  sewage  mud  ;  the  type  of  the  so-called 
"tablet  cocci."  Bacillus  mesentericus  fuscus, 
Fliigge.  Syn.,  Kartoffelbacillus,  Ger.;  Bacille 
brun  de  la  pomme  de  terre,  Fr.  Potato  bacillus. 
( obtained  from  the  air,  hay  dust,  water,  etc.  Common. 
ai;r. ,  liqf,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  mesentericus 
ruber,  Globig.  Syn.,  Kartoffelbacillus;  Roter  Kar- 
toffelbacillus, Ger.  ;  Bacille  rouge  de  la  pomme  de 
terre,  Bacille  rouge  de  Globig,  Fr.  Potato  bacillus. 
Found  upon  potatoes,  air. ,  liqf.,  mot.,  chg.  (reddish 
yellow  or  pink),  npg.  Bacillus  mesentericus  vul- 
gatus,  Fliigge.  Syn.,  Bacillus  figurans,  (.'rook- 
shank.  Proteus  vulgaris.  Bacille  commun  de  la 
pomme  de  terre,  Bacille  des  pomme  de  terre,  Fr.  ; 
Kartoffelbacillus,  Ger.  Potato  liacillus.  Common. 
Found  in  potatoes,  water,  milk,  intestinal  contents  of 
man,  etc.  aer. ,  liqf,  npg.  Bacillus  miniaceus, 
Zimmermann.  See  Bacillus  ruler,  Frank  and  Colin. 
Bacillus  minimus,  Klebs.  See  Bacillus  erysip> 
latos  suis,  Koch,  etc.  Bacillus  miriabilis,  Hau- 
ser.  Syn. ,  Proteus  mirabilis.  Bacille  de  Hauser,  Fr. 
Obtained  from  decaying  animal  matter,  air.,  facan- 
aer., liqf.,  mot.,  /sr.  Bacillus  mollusci,  Domenico. 
Syn.,  Bacillo  del  mollusco  contagioso,  Dominico, 
Ital.  Found  in  molluscum  contagiosum .  resembles 
somewhat  Bacillus  lepra  and  Bacillus  malaria.  Pa- 
thogenesis disputed,  the  disease  being  attributed  by 
some  to  psorosperms.  Bacillus  multipediculosus, 
Fliigge.  Syn.,  Bacillus  multipediculus.  Found  in 
air  and  water,  aer. ,  nliqf,  nmot.,  npg.  Bacillus 
murisepticus,  Fliigge.  See  Bacillus  erysipelatos  suis, 
Koch.  Bacillus  murisepticus  pleomorphus,  Kar- 
linski.  Found  in  purulent  uterine  discharges,  air., 
facanaer.,  liqf,  mot.,  ft;.  Probably  identical  with 
Proteus  vulgaris,  Hauser.  Bacillus  muscoides, 
Liborius.  found  in  soil,  old  cheese,  cow  dung,  etc. 
anaer.,  nliqf,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  mycoides, 
Fliigge.  Syn. ,  Frdbacillus,  Ger.;  Bacille  mycoide, 
JFr.  Common  in  soil  and  water,  air.,  nliqf.,  mot., 
npg.  Bacillus  mycoides  roseus,  Scholl.  found 
in  the  soil,  aer.,  liqf.,  dig.  (red),  npg.  Bacillus 
neapolitanus,  Emmerich.  Syn.,  Bacillus  colt  com- 
munis. Bacterium  colicommune,  Escherich,  Bacterium 
neapolitanum,  Colon  bacillus  of  Escherich,  Emmet 
ich*s  Bacillus,  Emmerich's  Neaplerbacillus ;  Bacille 
neapolitaine,  Fr.  ;  Bacillus  des  Milchkotes,  liacillus 
des   Milchfaeces,  Ger.  ;    Bacillus  of  Booker,  a  to  n. 


Abbreviations. — a'e r.  =  aerobic,  anaer  =  anaerobic,  chg.  =  chromogenic.  facanaer.  —  facultative  anaerobic.  hqf.=  liquefac- 
tive.  monom.  =  monomorphic.  mot.  --■-  motile.  ?itit/f  non-Iiquefactive.  nmot.  non-motile,  npg.  —  non-pathogenic. 
obi.  =  obligate,    oscl.  =  oscillating.  pg  =  pathogenic,  phos.—  phosphori :si ml.   pleotn. ™ pleomorphic,  sap.       saprophytic. 


BACTERIA 


It;.-) 


BA<    1  ERIA 


Found  in  the  air,  in  putrefying  infusions  and  con- 
stantly in  the  alvine  discharges  of  healthy  and  un- 
healthy human  beings,  also  in  those  of  many  animals. 
From  the  blood,  various  organs  and  feces  of  cholera 
patients  at  Naples,  hence  the  name,  aer.,  facanaer., 
nliqf, pg.  Bacillus  necrophorus,  I. oilier.  Obtained 
from  rabbits  after  inoculation  in  the  anterior  chambei 
of  the  eye  with  portions  of  condyloma,  aer.,  facanaer., 
nliqf,  pleom. ,  pg.  Bacillus  nivalis,  Schmolck.  See 
Bacillus  /lit  .rest  >is  nivalis,  Schmolck.  Bacillus 
nodosus  parvus,  Lustgarten.  From  the  healthy 
urethra  of  man.  aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf.,  nmot.,  n 
Bacillus  nubilus,  Frankland.  I  rom  hydrant  water 
(London),  aer.,  facanaer.,  liqf,  npg.  Bacillus 
ochraceus,  Zimmermann.  From  hydrant  water 
(Chemnitz),  aer.,  liqf.,  mot.,  chg.  (ocher-yellow), 
np^.  Bacillus  ceiematis  aerobicus.  A  new  bacil- 
lus of  malignant  edema,  Klein.  Found  in  the  exu- 
dates of  guinea  pigs  after  inoculating  with  garden 
earth,  aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf,  mo/.,  pg.  Bacillus 
cedematis  maligni,  Koch.  Syn.,  Bacillus  cedematis, 
Koch;  Bacillus  septicus,  Pasteur;  \  ibrion  sep- 
tique,  \  ibrion  pyogenique,  Pasteur;  Bacille  de 
l'cedeme,  Bacille  de  l'cedeme  malm,  Bacille  de  la 
gangrene  emphysemateuse  progressive,  Bacille  de  la 
gangrene  gazeuse,  Fr. ;  Microben  der  gasigen  Gan- 
grane,  Ger.  Bacillus  of  gangrene,  Bacillus  of  gangre- 
nous septicemia.  Pink  bacillus  of  spreading  edema,  A. 
B.  Harris.  A  widely  scattered  species,  obtained  from 
surface  soil,  dust,  putrefying  matter,  foul  water,  etc., 
and  from  the  exudates  produced  by  inoculating  animals 
with  garden  earth,  anaer.,  liqf,  mot.,  pg.  Bacillus 
of  Acne  Contagiosa  of  Horses.  See  Bacillus  of 
horse  pox.  Bacillus  of  Afanassiew.  See  Bacillus 
tussis  convulsive,  Afanassiew.  Bacillus  of  Albumin- 
ous Decomposition.  See  Bacillus  putrijicus  coli, 
Bienstock.  Bacillus  of  Allantiasis,  Miiller,  Hoppe- 
Seyler.  See  also  Sarcina  botulina,  Van  den  Corput. 
Cf.  Bacillus  of  choleraic  diarrhea  from  meat  poison- 
ing, Klein.  P'ound  in  poisonous  sausages,  particularly 
in"Blunzen."  aer.,  liqf,  pg.  Bacillus  of  Alopecia 
areata,  Kasauli.  Pound  attached  to  the  hairs  from 
the  diseased  patches ;  easily  cultivated.  See  Mi- 
crococcus of  Alopecia  areata,  Robinson,  and  Bac- 
terium decalvans,  Thin.  Bacillus  of  Babes  and 
Oprescu.  Obtained  from  a  case  presenting  symp- 
toms of  typhus  fever,  aer. ,  facanaer.,  nliqf.,  mot., 
pg.  Bacillus  of  Belfanti  and  Pascarola.  Syn., 
Impftetanusbacillus,  Ger.  From  the  pus  of  wounds 
in  a  person  dead  of  tetanus,  aer. ,  facanaer. ,  nliqf. , 
nmot.,pg.  Bacillus  of  Beri-beri,  Eykmann.  See 
Bacillus  beribericus,  Lacerda.  Bacillus  of  Blue 
Milk.  See  Bacillus  cyanogenus,  Hueppe.  Bacillus 
of  Blue  or  Green  Pus.  See  Bacillus  pyocyaneus, 
Gessard.  Bacillus  of  Booker,  a  to  ;/.  Found  in 
alvine  discharges  of  children  suffering  from  cholera 
infantum  ;  probably  varieties  of  Bacillus  neapolitanus , 
Emmerich.  Bacillus  of  Bovet.  <  >btained  from  the 
intestines  oi  a  woman  dead  of  acute  choleraic  enteritis. 
aer.,  nliqf.,  mot.,  pg.  Bacillus  of  Braxy.  See 
Bacillus  anthracis,  Pollenderand  Davaine.  Bacillus 
of  Bronchitis,  Lumnitzer.  Syn.,  Bacillus  of  Lum- 
nitzer.  From  the  bronchial  secretions  in  cases  of 
putrid  bronchitis.  air. ,  mot.  Cf.  Micrococcus  of 
bronchitis,  Picchini.  Bacillus  of  Butyric  Acid 
Fermentation.  See  Bacillus  butyricus,  Praz-mowski. 
Bacillus  of  Carcinoma,  Rappin  and  Scheurlen  and 
Domingo- Freire.  Syn.,  Bacille  du  cancer.  Fr.  Si 
Bacillus    of    Scheurlen.       Bacillus    of    Canestrini. 


Found  in  larv.e  and  bees  suffering  from  a  malady  com- 
mon among  bees  in  certain  parts  of  Italy,  aer.,  liqf., 
mo/.,  chg.  i  pink),  pg.  Bacillus  of  Canon  and  Pie- 
licke.  See  Bacillus  of  measles.  Bacillus  of  Cattle 
Plague,  Metschnikoii.    SeeBaci  miehemor- 

rhagice,  Sternberg.  Bacillus  of  Cazal  and  Vaillard. 
Obtained  from  cheesy  nodules  upon  the  peritoneum 
and  in  tin-  pancreas,  aer.,  facanaer.,  liqf,  mot.,  pg. 
Bacillus  of  Chancroid,  Ducrey.  Found  in  pustules 
developed  upon  tin-  arm  from  the  inoculation  of 
chancroidal  virus;  dot :s  not  grow  in  artificial  culture. 
1  i.  Micrococcus  ulceris  mollis.  Bacillus  of  Cheese. 
See  Spirillum  tyrogenum,  Denecke.  Bacillus 
of  Chicken  Cholera.  See  Bacillus  septicemia 
hcemorrhagi  ,  Sternberg.  Bacillus  of  Cholera. 
See  Spirillum  cholera  asiaticce,  Koch.  Bacillus 
of  Choleraic  Diarrhea  from  Meat  Poisoning, 
Klein.  Found  in  the  blood  and  feces  of  persons 
poisoned  with  tainted  meat.  <  f.  Bai  illus  of  allantiasis, 
Miiller  and  Hoppe  Seyler.  Bacillus  of  Cholera  in 
Ducks,  (  ornil  and  Toupet.  <  obtained  from  the  blood 
of  ducks  that  had  died  of  an  epidemic  disease  char- 
acterized by  choleraic  symptoms,  aer. ,  nliqf,  nmot., 
pg.  (for  ducks,  but  not  for  chickens  or  pigeo: 
Bacillus  of  Chyluria,  Wilson.  Syn.,  Bacillus  der 
Chyluria,  Ger.  ;  Bacille  de  la  chylurie,  Fr.  ;  Found  in 
the  coagulum  of  chylous  urine,  aer.,  facanaer.,  mot. 
Bacillus  of  Colomiatti.  <  >btained  from  cases  of 
conjunctivitis  and  xerotic  masses  in  the  eye. 
nliqf,  nmot.,  npg.  Cf.  Bacillus  of  xerosis  epithelialis 
conjunctivae,  Leber.  Bacillus  of  Conjunctival 
Catarrh,  Koch.  Syn..  Bacille  du  catarrhe  conjoin 
tival,  Fr.  ;  Bacillus  des  Bindehautcatarrhs,  Ger.  ; 
Bacillus  of  conjunctivitis.  Bacillus  of  pink  ey<  .  Weeks. 
aer.,  nliqf,  pg.  Resembles  Bacillus  xerosis.  Bacillus 
of  Dantec.  Syn.,  Bacille  du  rouge  de  morue,  Fr. 
Obtained  from  salted  codfish  to  which  it  gives  a  red 
color,     aer. ,  liqf,  mot.,  chg.   (ri  Bacillus 

of  Davaine's  septicemia.  See  Bacillus  septicemia 
hemorrhagice,  Sternberg.  Bacillus  of  Demme. 
Obtained  from  the  contents  of  tumors  and  pustules  and 
from  the  blood  of  patients  suffering  from  erythema 
nodosum,  aer. ,  facanaer.,  (?)  nliqf,  pg.  (to  guinea 
pigs  ;  rabbits,  dogs  and  goats  refractory).  Bacillus  of 
Diphtheria  in  Calves.  See  Bacillus  diphtheria 
vitulorum,  Loftier.  Bacillus  of  Diphtheria  in 
Doves.  See  Bacillus  diphtheria  columbarum,  I  .oilier. 
Bacillus  of  Diphtheria  in  Man.  See  Bacillus 
diphtheria,  Klebs  and  loftier.  Bacillus  of  Doder- 
lein.  See  Bacillus  vaginalis,  Doderlein.  Bacillus 
of  Endocarditis.  See  Barillas  pyogenes  fatidus, 
Frankel  and  Saenger.  Bacillus  of  Egyptian  Ca- 
tarrhal Conjunctivitis.  See  Bacillus  of  Kartulis. 
Bacillus  of  Erysipelas  in  the  Rabbit,  Koch.  See 
Bacillus  erysipelatos  leporis,  Koch.  Bacillus  of  False 
Hog  Cholera.  See  Bacillus  parvus  ovatus,  Loftier. 
Bacillus  of  False  Tuberculosis  in  Rabbits.  See 
Bacillus  of  pseudo-tuberculosis  in  rabbit-.  Malassez 
and  Vignal.  Bacillus  of  Fiocca.  Found  in  the 
saliva    of   cat-    and    dogs.  ', anaer.,    nl 

urn.  ■  (for    rabbits,    guinea    pigs,    rats,    mi 

Bacillus  of  Foot  Sweat.  Syn..  Fussschweissbacillus, 
( In.  ;  Bacille  de  la  sueur  des  pieds.  Fr.  Set-  Bacillus 
fatidus,  Bacillus  saprogenes  A<>.  //,  and  Bacterium 
graveolens.  Bacillus  of  Foul  Brood  of  Bees.  See 
Bacillus  alv  'i,  <  he-hire  and  Cheyne.  Bacillus  of 
Fowl  Cholera.  See  Bacillus  septicemia  hemorrhagii  e, 
Sternberg.  Bacillus  of  Friedlander.  See  Bacillus 
pneumonia friedlanderi.      Bacillus   of  Fulles,   III. 


Abbreviations. — aer.  =  aerobic,  anaer.  =  anaerobic,  chz.  =  chromogenic.  facanaer.  =  facultative  anaerobic.  liqf.=  liquefac- 
tive.  nionom.  ==  monomorphic.  mot.  =  motile  nliqf.  =  non-liquefactive.  nmot.  =  non-motile,  npg.  =  non-pathogenic. 
obi.  =obligate.   oscl.  =  oscillating.  pg.  =  pathogenic,  phos.  =  phosphorescent,  pleom.  =  pleomorphic,   sap.  ^saprophytic. 


r.Ai  1 1  ki.\ 


166 


BACTERIA 


Pound  in  the  soil,  aer.,  nliqf. ,  nut. ,  npg.  Bacillus 
of  Gangrene.     See  Bacillus adematis  maligni,  Ko<  h 

/>'„■  n    .  ill.  Rosenbach,  and    Bacillus  of 

senile  gangrene.  Bacillus  of  Gangrenous  Sep- 
ticemia.      Syn.,    Bacille   de    la    gangrene    gazeuse. 

Bacillus  oedematis  maligni,  Koch.  Bacillus  of 
Gessner.  See  Bacterium tholoideum, Gessner.  Bacil- 
lus of  Glanders.  See  !  offler.  Bacillus 
of  Green  Diarrhea  in  Children,  Lesage.  See  Bacillus 
of  I  Bacillus  of  Green  Pus.  Sec  Bacillus 
--.ml.  Bacillus  of  Grouse  Disease, 
Klein.  Obtained  from  the  lungs  and  liver  of  grouse 
that  had  died  of  an  epidemic  disease,  aer.,  nil 
nmot.,  pg.  |  for  mice,  guinea  pigs,  linnets,  green  finches, 
sparrows;  chicken.-,  pigeons  and  rabbits  immune). 
Bacillus  of  Hay  Infusions.  See  Bacillus  subtilis, 
Ehrenberg.  Bacillus  of  Heminecrobiophilus, 
Arli  H. [.mud  from  the  callous  lymphatic  glands 
of  a  guinea  pig.  aer.,  facanaer. ,  nliqf . ,  mot.,  pleom., 
pg.     Bacillus  of  Hog  Cholera,  Salmon  and  Smith. 

Bacillus  ex  pneumo-enteritide  suis,  Klein.  Bacil- 
lus of  Hog  Erysipelas.  See  Bacillus  erysipelatos 
suis,  Koch,  etc.  Bacillus  of  Horse  Pox,  I  >iecker- 
hoff  and  Grawitz.  Syn..  Bacillus  of  acne  contagiosa 
of  horses.  Bacillus  der  Akne  contagiosa  des  Pferdes, 
•  obtained  from  the  pustules  of  horses  suffering 
from  acne  contagiosa,  aer. ,  nliqf.,  pg.  Bacillus  of 
Hydrophobia.  See  Bacillus  lyssce,  Pasteur.  Bacillus 
of  Icterus,  Karlinsky  and  Ducamp.  Found  in  the 
blood  during  an  attack  of  infectious  icterus.  Did  not 
thrive  nil  ordinarj  culture  media.  Bacillus  of  Influ- 
enza, Pfeiffer,  Kitasato  and  Canon.  Syn.,  Bacille  di 
Pfeiffer,Bacille  de  l'intluenza, Influenza  bacillus.  Found 
in  the  purulent  bronchial  secretions  and  in  the  blond 
of  persons  suffering  from  epidemic  influenza,  aer., 
nmot..  pg.  Cf.  Micrococcus  influenza,  Letzerich. 
Bacillus  of  Intestinal  Diphtheria  in  Rabbits,  Rib 
lint.  Syn.,  Bacille  de  la  diphtheric  intestinale  chez 
les  lapins,  Fr.  Obtained  from  the  viscera  of  rabbits 
dead  of  a  disease  characterized  by  a  diphtheritic  in- 
flammation of  the  intestinal  mucous  membrane,  aer. , 
nliqf,  a  mot.  i?)  pg.  Bacillus  of  Jeffries.  A 
group  (A,  (i,  J,  K,  I',  S,  '/.,)  of  bacilli,  resembling 
Bacillus  neapolitanus,  Emmerich,  and  Bacillus  lac/is 
.  Escherich.  Found  in  the  alvine  discharges 
of  children  suffering  from  summer  diarrhea,  anaer., 
Bacillus  of  Jequirity  Ophthalmia,  DeWecker 
and  Sattler.  Syn..  Bacille  <lu  jequirity,  Fr.  ;  Jequiri- 
typilz,  <  rer.  bound  in  cases  of  jequirity  ophthalmia  and 
in  infusions  of  jequirity  seeds  [Abrus  precatorius),  the 
supposed  source  of  Abrin.  aer.,  liqf,  mot.,  npg. 
I  he  disease  is  now  held  to  be  caused  by  a  soluble 
poison,  jequiritin.  Bacillus  of  Karlinski.  See 
Bacillus  murisepticus pleomorphus,  Karlinski.  Bacil- 
lus of  Kartulis,  Koch  and  Kartulis.  Obtained  from 
the  conjunctiva  in  ca  I  gyptian  catarrhal  conjunc- 

tivitis, aer.  Pathogenesis  not  well  determined.  Ba- 
cillus of  Koubasoff.  Obtained  from  carcinomatous 
growth  in  the  human  stomach,  aer. ,  facanaer. ,  nliqf, 
■  i  guinea  pig-  and  rabbits).  Cf.  Bacillus  of 
Scheuerlen.  Bacillus  of  Lactic  Acid  Fermenta- 
tion. See  /;,/  illus  acidi  lactici.  Hueppe.  Bacillus 
of  Laser.  Obtained  from  mice  infected  with  an 
epidemi'  .        anaer.,  nliqf,  mot.,  pj-. 

(for  field  mice,  guinea  pig-,  rabbits  and  pigeons). 
Bacillus  of  Leprosy.  'See  Bacillus  lepra,  Hansen. 
Bacillus  of  Lesage.  Syn.,  bacille  de  la  diarrhea 
verte  infantile.  It.  Bacillus  of  green  diarrhea  in 
children.     Obtained  in  the  green  alvine  discharges  of 


infants  suffering  from  green  diarrhea,  air.,  nliqf, 
mot.,  /..  According  to  Baumgarten  identical  with 
Bacillus  fluorescens  non-liquefaciens,  Schiller.  Ba- 
cillus of  Letzerich.  <  obtained  from  the  urine  of 
children  -uttering  from  nephritis  inlcr.-titialis  primaria. 
aer.,  liqf. ,  pg.  Bacillus  of  Liborius.  See  Bacillus 
amylobai  '  ■,  Prazmowski.  Bacillus  of  Lichen  Ru- 
ber, Laser.  Syn.,  Bacillus  bei  Lichen  ruber,  Ger- 
und m  the  lymph  passages  in  cases  of  lichen  ruber. 
Bacillus  of  Lucet.  Syn.,  Bacille  de  la  dysenterie 
epizootique  des  poules  e(  di  ,  Fr.     Obtained 

i;  "in  chickens  and  turkey-  suffering  from  an  infectious 
form  of  septicemia  characterized  by  dysenteric  dis 
charges,  aer.,  facanaer. ,  nliqf,  nmot.,  pg.  Bacillus 
of  Lumnitzer.  See  Bacillus  of  Bronchitis.  Bacillus 
of  Lupus.  See  Bacillus  Tuberculosis,  Koch.  Bacil- 
lus of  Lustgarten.  See  Bacillus  syphilidis,  l.u-t 
garten.  Bacillus  of  Lymph  in  Fishes,  <  >liver  and 
Richet.  Observed  in  the  lymph  of  certain  fishes,  aer., 
mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  of  Malaria.  See  Bacillus 
malari,,.  Klebs  and  Tommasi-Crudeli.  Bacillus  of 
Malignant  Edema.  See  Bacillus  oedematis  maligni, 
Koch.  Bacillus  of  Measles,  Canon  and  Pielicke. 
Syn.,  Bacillus  of  (anon  and  1'ielicke.  found  in  the 
blood  and  in  the  secretions  of  the  nose  and  conjunctiva 
of  persons  with  measles.  Cf.  Micrococcus  of  measles, 
Klebs  and  Keating.  Bacillus  of  Mouse  Septicemia. 
See  Bacillus  erysipelatos  suis,  Pasteur.  Bacillus  of 
Necrosis  of  the  Liver  in  Badgers,  Eberth.  found 
in  the  necrotic  liver  of  a  badger.  Bacillus  of 
Necrosis  of  the  Liver  in  Guinea  Pigs,  Eberth. 
found  in  the  necrotic  liver  of  a  guinea  pig.  Bacillus 
of  Nephritis,  Letzerich.  See  Bacillus  of  Letzerich. 
Bacillus  of  Nocard.  Syn.,  bacille  du  farcin  du 
bi  euf,  Fr. ;  bacillus  der  Wurmkrankheit,  Ger,  Found 
in  the  superficial  abscesses  of  cattle  suffering  from 
farcy.  aer.,  nmot.,  pg.  Bacillus  of  Okada.  <  >l>- 
tained  from  the  dust  between  the  boards  of  a  tloor. 
aer. ,  facanaer. ,  nliqf. ,  nmot. ,  pg.  Bacillus  of 
Osteomyelitis,  Kraske  and  Becker.  Found  in 
cases  of  osteomyelitis,  aer.,  liqf.  (or  in  some  forms 
nliqf),  mot.,  pleom.,  pg.  Held  by  Pasteur  as  iden- 
tical with  the  micrococcus  of  furuncle,  q.  v.  Bacillus 
of  Phthisis.  See  Bacillus  tuberculosis  Koch.  Ba- 
cillus of  Pink  Eye,  Weeks.  See  bacillus  of  con- 
junctival  catarrh,  Koch.  Bacillus  of  Potato  Rot, 
Kramer.  Syn..  NassfiLulebacillus.  Obtained  from 
potatoes  affected  with  wet  rot.  aer.,  liqf,  mot.,  npg. 
Putrefies  the  albuminous  substances  "t  potatoes.  Ba- 
cillus of  Pseudo-tuberculosis  in  Rabbits,  Eberth, 
Malassez,  and  Vignal.  Syn. ,  Bacille  de  la  tubercu- 
lose  zoogleique,  bacille  de  la  pseudo-tuberculosc  du 
lapin,  Fr.  ;  Bacillus  der  Pseudo  tuberculose  der 
Kaninchen,  Ger.  found  in  the  nodular  deposits 
characteristic  of  this  disease.  Bacillus  of  Puerperal 
Fever.  See  Bacillus  puerperalis,  Engel  and  Spill- 
mann.  Bacillus  of  Purpura  Haemorrhagica  of 
Babes.  Obtained  from  tin  viscera  of  a  patient  dead 
of  purpura  haemorrhagica.  aer.,  /a, anaer.,  In//., 
nmot.,  pg.  Resembles  thi  next  two  forms.  Bacillus 
of  Purpura  Haemorrhagica  of  Kolb.  <  obtained 
from  the  viscera  of  patient-  dead  of  purpura.  aer., 
facanaer.,  nliqf,  nmot.,  pg.  Bacillus  of  Purpura 
Haemorrhagica  of  Tizzoni  and  Giovannini.  <  Hi 
tained  from  tin-  blood  of  two  children  dead  of  purpura 
haemorrhagica.  aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf,  nmot.,  pg. 
Bacillus  of  Pyemia,  Beltzow.  Syn  .  Bacille  de  la 
pyemic,  Fr.;  Bacillus  der  Pyamie,  Ger.  Two  forms  found 
in  pyemia,  one  of  which  resembles  Bacillus  cedematii 


Abbreviations. — aer.—  .-  anaer.  =  anaerobic,    chg.  —  criminogenic.   /a<rawc7fn  =  facultative  anaerobic,   liqf,       liquefac- 

tive.    iiioninie  =  monomorphic.    mot        nu .til.-,     nliqf.   ■  non-liquefactive.    nmot.  =  non-motile!     nt>g.  -  non-pathogenic. 
obi.  =  obligate.  oscl.  =  oscillating.  pg,  --=  pathogenic,  phos.  =-  phosphorescent,  pleom.  —  pleomorphic,   sap. ■=  saprophytic. 


bactkkia 


ur, 


BACTERIA 


maligni,  Koch.  Bacillus  of  Rabbit  Septicemia. 
See  Bacillus  septicemia  hamorrhag  ■  ■  .  Sternberg. 
Bacillus  of  Rabies.  See  Bacillus  A  .  I  teur. 
Bacillus  of  Rag  Pickers'  Disease.  See  Bacillus 
hominis  capsulatis,  Bordoni-Uffreduzzi.  Bacillus  of 
Red  Bread.  See  Bacillus  prodigiosu  ,  1  hrenberg. 
Bacillus  of  Red  Milk.  Sec  Bacillus  lactis  eryth 
genes,  Uueppe  ;   and  Bacillus pr<  .  Ehrenberg. 

Bacillus  of  Rheumatism.  See  Bacillus  rheumar- 
thrilidis,  Kussmaul.  Bacillus  of  Rhinoscleroma. 
See  Bacillus  rhinoscleromatis,  Corni]  and  Alvarez. 
Bacillus  of  Roth,  I,  II.  Obtained  from  < >1« I  ra 
aer. ,  facanaer. ,  nliqf. ,  ntnot. .  pg.  Resembles  Bat  illus 
neapolitanus,  Emmerich;  and  Bacillus  cavicidus, 
Burger.  Bacillus  of  Rouget.  See  Bacillus  erysipe- 
latos  suis,  Koch,  etc.  Bacillus  of  Scarlet  Fever, 
I  rooke.  Syn.,  Bacille  de  la  scarlatine,  Fr.  Found 
in  the  nasal  mucus  and  tissues  of  the  throat  in  a 
case  of  anginose  scarlet  fever.  mot.  Resembles 
Bacillus  cedematis  maligni,  Koch,  and  the  Proteus  of 
Hauser.  According  to  Decide  the  parasite  of  this 
disease  is  a  protozoon.  (  f.  Micrococcus  Scarlatina. 
Bacillus  of  Scheurlen,  Scheuerlen,  Rapin,  and 
Domingo-Freire.  Syn.,  Bacillus  epidermidis,  Bordoni 
Uffreduzzi.  From  cancerous,  tissues  and  from  mam- 
mary epithelia  of  healthy  persons.  According  to 
•  Mace  possibly  identical  with  a  variety  of  Bacillus 
mesentericus  vulgatus,  Miigge.  aer. ,  lit//.,  mot.,  npg. 
Bacillus  of  Schimmelbusch.  <  Ibtained  from  the 
necrotic  tissues  of  a  case  of  cancrum  oris  or  noma. 
aer. ,  nliqf. ,  pg.  Bacillus  of  Schou.  See  Bacillus 
pneumonicus  agilis,  Schou.  Bacillus  of  Senile 
Gangrene,  Tricomi.  Syn.,  Bacille  de  la  gangrene 
senile,  Fr.  Bacillus  of  gangrene,  Bacillus  of  Tricomi. 
Found  in  the  blood,  in  the  tissues  along  the  line  of 
demarcation,  in  the  subcutaneous  tissue  and  the  lymph 
spaces  of  the  skin,  and  in  the  ichorous  discharge. 
aer.,liqf,  ntnot, pg.  Cf.  Bacillus  cedematis  maligni, 
Koch,  and  Bacillus  saprogenes,  III,  Rosenbach.  Ba- 
cillus of  Septicemia  in  Man,  Klein.  Syn.,  Bacille 
de  la  septicemic,  Fr.  Bacillus  of  Southern  Cattle 
Plague,  F.  S.  Billings.  Syn.,  Bacillus  of  Texas 
fever  in  cattle.  Bacillus  der  amerikanischen  Rinder- 
seuche,  Canerva.  Found  in  the  blood,  viscera,  and 
manure  of  cattle  infected  with  cattle  plague  or  Texas 
fever;  also  in  the  ticks  (Bo'ophilus  bovis,  Curtice) 
infecting  the  cattle,  and  in  their  discharges.  The 
spread  of  the  disease  is  largely  due  to  the  manure  of 
the  cattle  and  also  indirectly  to  the  ticks,  aer.,  nliqf., 
mot.,  pleovi.,  pg.  Smith  and  Kilborn  now  attribute 
this  disease  to  the  psorosperm  Pyrosoma  bigeminum. 
Bacillus  of  Spontaneous  Rabbit  Septicemia, 
Eberth.  See  Bacillus  of  swine  plague,  Marseilles. 
Bacillus  of  Symptomatic  Anthrax.  See  Bacillus 
chauvmi,  Bollinger  and  Feser.  Bacillus  of  Swine 
Pest,  Selander.  See  Bacillus  ex  pneumo- enter itide 
suis,  Klein.  Bacillus  of  Swine  Plague,  Marseilles, 
Reitsch,  and  Jobert.  Syn.,  Bacillus  suis,  Detmers. 
Bacillus  der  Schweineseuche,  Marseilles  ;  Bacillus  der 
Frettchenseuche  (ferret  disease),  Eberth  and  Schim- 
melbusch; Bacille  de  la  pest  porcine.  Fr.  ;  Bacillus 
of  spontaneous  rabbit  septicemia;  Bacillus  oi  swine 
plague,  Detmers  and  Billings;  Swine  plague,  Schizo- 
phyte,  Detmers.  First  obtained  from  swine  attacked 
by  a  fatal  epidemic  disease  in  Marseilles,  aer.,  nliqf, 
mot.,  pg.  Canerva  and  others  identity  this  with  the 
Bacillus  of  ferret  disease  and  with  that  of  American 
swine  plague  ;  also  with  the  Bacillus  of  Southern  cattle 
plague,  Billings;    but  tin's  latter  seems  to  be  a  distinct 


species.  See  Bacillus  tardigradus.  Bacillus  of 
Syphilis.  See  Bacillus  syphilidis,  Lustgarten.  Ba- 
cillus of  Tetanus.  See  Bacillus  retain.  Nicolaier. 
Bacillus  of  Texas  Cattle  Fever,  1  .  S.  Billings. 
See  Bacillus  of  Southern  cattle  plague.  Bacillus  of 
the  Blood.  Syn..  Bacille  du  sang,  Fr.;  Blutbacillus, 
r.  Blutes,    Hoffmann,   Ger.     Bacillus   of 

the  Lungs  of  Cattle,  Liistig.  found  in  the  lungs 
oi  healthy  and  diseased  cattle.  ier.,liqf  Bacillus 
of  the  Meconium,  Escherich  Found  in  the  meco- 
nium. Bacillus  of  the  Pneumo-enteritis  of  the 
Pig.  Sec  Bacillus  ex  pneumo-enteritide  suis.  Klein. 
Bacillus  of  the  Smegma.  Syn.,  Bacille  du  smegma 
preputial,  Fr.  ;  Smegmabacillus,  Ger.  Found  in  the 
smegma  of  the  male  and  female  genitals.  Bacillus 
of   Tommasoli.      See   Bacillus  lus, 

Tommasoli.  Bacillus  of  Tricomi.  See  Bacillus  of 
senile  gangrene.  Bacillus  of  Tuberculosis  of 
Vines.  Syn.,  Bacille  de  la  tubercuR-i-  des  vignes, 
Corvo,  Fr.  Regarded  by  Corvo  as  the  cause  of  the 
diseased  condition  of  vines  usually  attributed  to  Phyl- 
vastatrix,  Planchon.  Bacillus  of  Ulcerative 
Stomatitis  of  Cattle,  Lingard  and  Batt.  Found  on 
the  skin,  the  mucous  membranes,  and  in  the  lungs  of 
young  cattle.  Cf.  Streptocytus  oi  eczema  epizootica, 
Schottelius.  Bacillus  of  Ulcus  Molle,  Krofting. 
Identical  with  that  described  by  Ducrey  as  the  bacil- 
lus of  Chancroid.  Bacillus  of  Utpadel,  LJtpadel  and 
inr.  <  Ibtained  from  the  stuffing  of  the  bed  quilts  in 
a  military  hospital  (Augsburg),  and  from  the  intestinal 
contents  of  man.  aer.,  nliqf.,  mot.,  pg.  Bacillus 
of  Vagus  Pneumonia.  See  Bacillus  pneumon 
agilis,  Schou.  Bacillus  of  Verruga  Peruana,  Izqui 
erdo.  Found  in  the  intercellular  spaces  and  blood- 
vessels in  the  nodules  characteristic  of  Peruvian  wart. 
Bacillus  of  Vignal.  See  Bacillus  bi 
Vignal.  Bacillus  of  Whooping  Cough. 
Bacillus  tussis  convulsive,  Afanassiew.  Bacillus  of 
Xerosis  Epithelialis  Conjunctivae,  Leber,  Kusch- 
bert,  Frank  el,  and  Neisser.  Syn.,  Bacillus  xero 
Frankel ;  Bacillus  of  Colomiatti,  Bacillus  of  xerosis, 
Schreiber ;  Xerosebacillus,  Bacillus  der  Xerosis  epi- 
thelialis conjunctivae,  Ger.  ;  Bacille  du  xerosis  con- 
jonctiva;,  Fr.  Found  in  the  white,  fatty  scales  of  the 
conjunctivae  in  cases  of  Xeropthalmia.  nmot.  Does 
not  grow  on  gelatin  or  potato.  Pathogenesis  not  fully 
determined.  Bacillus  oxytocus  perniciosus,  Wys 
kowitsch.  Found  in  milk  left  standing  a  long  time. 
act-.,  nliqf..  pg.  Bacillus  ovatus  minutissimus, 
Unna.  Found  upon  the  skin  in  cases  of  eczema 
seborrhceicum.  aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf,  npg.  Bacillus 
of  Yellow  Fever.  Bacille  de  la  fievre  jaune,  Fr.  ; 
Bacillus  des  gelben  Fiebers,  Ger.  Found  in  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  small  intestine  in  two  cases  of  yellow 
fever.  Sternberg  has  found  many  forms  in  the  ini 
tinal  contents  and  viscera  of  yellow  fever  cadavers, 
the  most  frequent  and  abundant  being  the  Ba, 
neapolitanus,   Emmerich ;    Bacillus  cc  .  Stern- 

berg; and  Bacillus  X,  Sternberg.  This  latter  is 
held  by  Sternberg  as  being  possibly  concerned  in 
the  etiology  of  yellow  fever.  Cf.  Microbe  de  la 
fievre  jaune,  Freire  et  Rebougeon.  Bacillus  of 
Yellow  Milk.  See  Bacillus  synxanthus,  Ehrenberg 
and  Schroter.  Bacillus  panificans,  Laurent.  Claimed 
as  the  active  agent  in  the  raising  of  bread.  Found 
especially  in  Mack  bread.  Dunnenberger  considers  it 
a  mere  impurity  and  not  concerned  in  the  leavening 
processes.  Bacillus  parvus  ovatus.  Ruhr.  Syn., 
Pseudorotlaufbacillus,   Ger.      Bacillus    of    false    hog 


Abbreviations. — aer.  =  aerobic,    ana'er.  =  anaerobic,    chg.  =  chromogenic.  facanaer.  =  facultative anaerobic,    hqf.   =liquefac- 
tive.    monom.  =  monomorphic.    mot.  =  motile,    nliqf.  =  non-liquefactive      nmot.       non-motile.  non-pathogenic. 

obI.  =  obligate.   oscl.  =  oscillating,  pg.  —  pathogenic,  phos.  =  phosphorescent,  pleom.  =  pleomorphic,   sap.  =  saprophytic. 


BACTERIA 


168 


BACTERIA 


cholera.     Found  in  the  carcass  of  a  pig  dead  ol  .1  dis 
ambling  rouget.     It  resembles 

.  Sternberg      Bacillus  pasteuri- 
anus,  Hansen.      Syn..  B  trianum,  Ar- 

tkn  iantttn, .'.' 

Found   in   beer-wort  and   bei  ially  that  poor  in 

alcohol.     Resembles  '/,  KiitzinL;  :i  1  u  1  Som 

mer.     Bacillus  pestifer,  Frankland.      Found   in  the 
air.  Bacillus    phospho- 

rescens,  Fischer.     Syn.,  nsindi- 

.   Fischer;    P  rium  indicum,  Fischer;   In- 

discher  Leuchtbacillus,  Ger.     Found  in  sea  water  (Gulf 

Bacillus 
phosphorescens    gelidus,    Forster.       See 

.  Conn.  Bacillus  phosphorescens  indi- 
cus.  Fischer.  See  Bacillus  ph  sphorescens,  Fischer. 
Bacillus  phosphorescens  indigenus,  Fischer. 
Syn.,  Einheimischer    Leuchtbacillus,  Ger.      Found  in 

[arbor  of  Kiel)   ami  upon  herring,      a 
liqf.,    tn  Bacillus    phosphoreus, 

in.      Syn.,  Micrococcus  phosphoreus,  Cohn  ;   Bacte- 
rium .  Hermes;  Bacillus  phosphorescens 
.  Forster.      Found  on  sea  fish,  raw  and  cooked 

iked   salmon,    Cohn).     aer.,  nliqf,    phos.,    n 
Bacillus  plicatus,  Zimmermann.      Found  in  hydrant 
water   (Chemnitz),      aer,   liqf.,    nmot.,         ,     grayish 
yellow),  npg.     Bacillus  pneumoniae,  Fliigge.     See 

illus  pneumonia  friedldnderi.     Bacillus   pneu- 
moniae   friedlanderi.       Syn.,    Bacillus    pneumor, 
Fliigge ;    Diplococcus  pneumonia  fibrinosce,  Friedlan- 
der ;    Micrococcus  pneumonia  infecti      .  Friedlander; 

; lie  de  pneumonic,  Fr.  ;  Bacillus  of  Friedlander; 
Microbe  of  I' nedlander.  Occasionally  obtained  from 
the  exudates  in  the  pulmonary  alveoli  in  cases  of 
croupous  pneumonia,  aer. ,  facanaer. ,  nliqf.,  nmot., 
Bacillus  pneumonicus  agilis,  Schou.  Syn., 
Bacillus   of  Schou;    Bacillus  of  Vagus    pneumonia; 

ille  pneumonique,  Fr.  <  Obtained  from  rabbits 
suffering  from  pneumonia  induced  by  section  of  the 
vagi,  aer.,  liqf.,  mot.,  pg.  Bacillus  pneumosep- 
ticus,  Babes.  Obtained  from  the  blood  and  tissues 
of  a  person  dead  of  septic  pneumonia,  aer. ,  facanaer. , 
Bacillus  polymyxa,  Prazmowski. 
Syn.,  Claustridium polymyxa,  Prazmowski.  Found  in 
infusion  of  potatoes,  lupin  seeds,  etc.  aer. ,  facanaer., 
Bacillus  polypiformis,  Liborius.  Found  in 
cow  dung  and  in  the  exudates  of  mice  inoculated  with 
garden  earth,  anaer. ,  nliqf.,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus 
preussii,  Ciesielski.  See  Bacillus  aire/',  Cheshire 
and  Cheyne.  Bacillus  prodigiosus,  F.hrenberg. 
Syn..  Bacteridium  prodigiosum,  Schroter;  Bart  rium 
prodigiosum,  Micrococcus  prodigiosus,  Cohn;  Micro- 
coccus imetrophus,Trevisan;  Mon  .  F.hren- 
berg ;  Palm  iigiosa,  Mont ;  Zoogalactina  ime- 
trop  Bacille  du  lait  rouge,  Bacille  du  pain 
rouge.  Fr.  ;  Bacillus  der  roten  Milch.  Bacillus  des 
roten  Brotes,  Hostienblut,  Wunderblut,  Blutpilz,  Ger. 

[uendy  found  upon  food-stuffs,boiled  potatoes, hard- 
boiled  eggs,  moist  bread,  etc.  aer. ,  .,  liqf, 
mot                                     Vets  as  a  protective  to  rabbits 

nst  anthrax.  Bacillus  pseudcedema,  Liborius. 
Syn.,  Bacillus  pseudosepticus,  Mace;  I'seudo-cedem- 
bacillus,  ( ler.  Obtained  from  the  exudates  of  mice, 
after    inoculation    with    garden   earth,      anaer..   It 

Resembles    Bacillus    cedematis   maligni,    Koch. 
Bacillus  pseudopneumonicus,  Pas  a., Bac- 

terium um.      Found    in   pus.     aer., 

nliqf, n  tables  Mi  umonia 

.  1  rankel.    Bacillus  pseudosepticus,  Mace. 


ma,  I  iborius.     Bacillus  pseu- 
dosepticus of  Mice,    Bienstock.     Syn..  Bacillus  of 
pseudosepticemia   of  mice,      found    in    feces,     a 
nliq  Found  after  inoculation,  mostl]  in 

the  edematous  fluid  and  not  in  the  blood.  Bacillus 
pseudo-tuberculosis,  Pfeiffer.  Obtained  from  the 
viscera  oi  .1  horse  killed  on  suspicion  of  having  glan- 
ders, aer.,  nliqf.,  nmot.,  pg.  Bacillus  puerper- 
alis,  Engel  and  Spillmann.  Syn.,  Leptothrix  puer- 
peralis,  Fett/  ;  Bacillus  des  Puerperal-Fiebers,  Ger. ; 
Bacille  puerperale,  Fr.  ;  Leptothrix  of  puerperal  fever; 
Bacillus  ol  puerperal  fever.  Found  in  two  cases  of 
puerperal  sepsis,  pg.  (for  mice  and  rabbits).  ( 'onsidered 
by  Pasteur  to  be  identical  with  Bacillus  anthracis. 
Bacillus  pulpae  pyogenes,  Miller.  ( Obtained  from 
gangrenous  tooth-pulp,  aer.,  facanaer.,  liqf.. 
Bacillus  punctatus,  Zimmermann.  found  in  hy- 
drant water  (Chemnitz),  aer.,  liqf,  npg.  Bacillus 
putrificus  coli,  Bienstock.  Syn. ,  Bienstock' s  putre- 
factive bacillus  from  the  feces  ;  Bienstock's  putrefactive 
bacillus;  Bacillus  of  albuminous  decomposition  ;  Drum- 
stick bacillus;  Trommelschlagelbacillus ;  Bienstock's 
Bacillus  aus  Faeces ;  Bacillus  der  Eiweisszersetzung, 
<  u-r.  ;  Bacille  de  la  decomposition  de  I'albumine,  Fr. 
Found  in  human  feces,  aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf.,  mot., 
npg.  Bacillus  pyocyaneus  a,  Gessard.  Syn.,  Bacil- 
lus aeruginosus,  Bacterium  aeruginosum,  Schroter; 
Micrococcus  pyocyaneus ,  Gessard.  Bacillus  of  blue  or 
green  pus.  Bacille,  Bacterie  ou  Microbe  du  pus 
bleu,  Bacille  du  pus  vert,  Bacille  pyocyanique,  Fr. ; 
Bacillus  des  gninblauen  Eiters.  A  widely  distri- 
buted form,  found  in  purulent  and  serous  wounds, 
in  perspiration,  and  in  the  viscera  of  human  cadavt  rs. 
aer.,  facanaer.,  liqf.,  mot.,  chg.,  pg;.  Two  pigments, 
one  fluorescent  green,  the  other  blue,  pyocyanin. 
Bacillus  pyocyaneus  (8,  Ernst.  Found  in  pus  from 
bandages  stained  green,  aer. ,  liqf,  mot.,  chg.  (yel- 
lowish green),  npg.  Bacillus  pyogenes  fcetidus, 
Passet.  Syn. ,  bacille  pvogene  fetide,  Fr.  Obtained 
from  an  ischio-rectal  abscess,  aer. ,  nliqf. ,  mot. ,  pg. 
Bacillus  pyogenes  soli,  Bolton.  <  )btained  from  the 
exudates  of  a  rat  after  inoculation  with  garden  earth. 
aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf.,  nmot.,  npg.  Bacillus  radi- 
atus,  Liideritz.  Obtained  from  the  exudates  of  mice 
and  guinea-pigs  after  inoculation  with  garden  earth. 
anaer. ,  liqf. ,  mot. ,  npg.  Bacillus  radiatus  aquatilis, 
Zimmermann.  Found  in  hydrant  water  (Chemnitz). 
aer. ,  liqf. ,  mot. ,  npg.  Bacillus  ramosus,  F.isenberg. 
Syn.,  Vvurzelbacillus.  Common  in  soil  and  water. 
aer. ,  liqf .  npg.  Bacillus  ramosus  liquefaciens. 
Obtained  from  the  air.  aer.,  liqf.,  mot.,  npg.  Ba- 
cillus reticularis,  Jordan.  Found  in  hydrant  water 
(Lawrence,  Mass.).  aer. ,  liqf,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus 
rheumarthritidis,  Kussmaul.  Syn.,  Bacillus  rlieu- 
martkritis,     Micrococcus      rheumarthritis,     Leyden. 

illus  of  rheumatism.  Bacille  du  rhumatisme,  Fr. 
Gelenkrheumatismus  Mikro  organismen,  Mikrokok- 
ken  bei  Gelenkrheumatismus,  Ger.  Found  in  the 
effusions  in  the  joints  in  articular  rheumatism.  Bacil- 
lus rhinoscleromatis,  Cornil  and  Alvarez,  Von 
Frisch,  Paltauf,  Von  Eiselsberg,  Dietrich,  Stepanow, 
etc.  Syn.,  Bacille  du  rhinosclerome,  I  r.  Found  in 
the  newly  formed  tubercles  of  rhinoscleroma.    aer., 

inaer.,  nliqf,  usually  nmot.  (becomes  motile  on 
cultivation!,  pg.  Etiologic  relation-  not  established. 
Considered  by  many  as  identical  with  Bacillus  pmeu- 
monia friedlanderi.  It  is  less  virulent,  gelatin  cul- 
tures more  transparent  and  the  capsules  more  persist 
ent.     Bacillus  rosaceum  metalloides,  Dowdeswell. 


Abbreviations. — aer.  =  aerobic,  anaer.  =  anaerobic,  chg.  =  chromogenir.  facanaer.  =  facultati\  ■■  anaerobic,  liqf.  =  lique- 
factive.  monom.  =  monomor|>hic.  mot.  motile,  nliqf.  =  non-liquefactive  nmot.  =  non-motile.  «/>c-  non-pathogenic. 
obl,  =  obligate,  oscl. ^oscillating,   pg.  =  pathogenic.  phos.=  phosphorescent,  pleojn.  =  pleomorphic,  sap. -"Saprophytic. 


BACTERIA 


Hi!) 


BAC1  ERIA 


See  Bacillus  ruber,  Frank  and  Cohn.  Bacillus 
rubefaciens,  Zimmermann.  Found  in  hydrant  water 
(Chemnitz),  aer.,  nliqf.,  mot.,  chg.  (pale  pink),  a 
Bacillus  rubellus,  <  >kada.  Found  in  the  exudates 
of  guinea-pigs  after  inoculation  with  street  dust. 
anair.,  liqf.,  mot.,  chg.  (red),  npg.  Bacillus  ruber, 
Frank,  Cohn,  and  Becker.  Syn.,  Bacillus miniaceu  . 
Zimmermann.  Bacillus  (or  Bacterium)  rosaceum 
tnetalloides,  Dowdeswell.  The  red  bacillus  of  water. 
Found  in  water  and  on  boiled  rice,  aer.,  liqf.,  mot., 
chg.  (magenta  red ) ,  npg.  Bacillus  ruber  indicus. 
See  Bacillus  indicus,  Koch.  Bacillus  rubes 
cens,  Jordan.  Found  in  sewage  (Lawrence,  Mas 
air.,  nliqf.,  mot.,  chg.  (pale  pink),  npg.  Bacillus 
rubidus,  Fisenberg.  Found  in  water,  aer.,  liqf., 
mot.,  chg.  (brownish  red),  np  (Lustig  describes  a 
red  bacillus  from  river  water  which  he  claims  to  be 
different  from  this).  Bacillus  salivarius  septicus, 
Biondi.  See  Bacillus  septicus  sputigenus,  Fliigge. 
Bacillus  sanguinis   typhi,  Brannan  and  Cheesman. 

<  Mitained    from    the    bl 1    of   typhus-fever    patients. 

air.,  facanaer.,  nmot.  Bacillus  saprogenes,  I,  II, 
III,  Rosenbach.  Syn.,  I'.acille  saprogene,  Bacille 
de  la  sueur  des  pud,  I  r.  Faulnisbacillus,  Ger. 
Found  in  putrefying  matter  on  fetid  feet,  the  white 
plugs  of  the  pharyngeal  follicles,  etc.  air.,  fac  anair., 
pg.  Bacillus  scaber,  Duclaux.  Syn.,  Tyrotkrix 
scaber.  Found  in  cheese,  air.,  nliqf.,  mot.  (in  early- 
stages  becoming  non-motile),  npg.  Bacillus  schafferi, 
Freudenreich.  Obtained  from  cheese  and  fermenting 
potato  infusion,  air. ,  facanaer.,  nliqf,  mot.,  npg. 
Closely  resembles  Bacillus  neapolitanus,  Emmerich. 
Bacillus  scissus,  Frankland.  Found  in  the  soil. 
air.,  nliqf.,  nmot.,  npg.  Bacillus  septicaemiae 
haemorrhagicae,  Sternberg.  Bacillus  cholerce  galli- 
narum,  Fliigge.  Bacillus  cuniculicida,  Fliigge. 
Bacillus  cuniculicidus,  Koch.  Bacterium  septiccetniic , 
Koch.-  Bacterium  morbilli,  Lanzi.  Coccobactcna 
septica,  Billroth.  Micrococcus  septicus,  Cohn.  Micro- 
coccus cholera  gallinarum,  Micrococcus  gallicidus, 
Microsporon  septicus,  Klebs.  Bacillus  der  Huhner- 
cholera,  Bacillus  der  Kaninchenseptikamie  (Koch). 
Bacterium  der  Septikamie  bei  Kaninchen,  Bacillus  der 
Rinderseuche,  Kitt.  Bacillus  der  Schweineseuche, 
Loffler  and  Schiitz.  Bacillus  der  Wildseuche,  Hueppe. 
Bacillus  der  BUffelseuche,  Oreste-Armanni.  Rinder- 
pestbacillus,  Ger.  Bacille  de  la  septicemic  du  lapin. 
Bacille  du  cholera  des  poules.  Microbe  du  cholera 
des  poules,  Pasteur,  Fr.  Bacillus  septicus,  Koch. 
See  Bacillus  erysipelatos  suis,  Koch.  Bacillus  sep- 
ticus, Pasteur.  See  Bacillus  cedematis  tn'aligni,  Koch. 
Cf.  Proteus  septicus.  Bacillus  septicus  acuminatus, 
Babes.  Obtained  from  the  umbilical  stump,  blood  and 
viscera  of  a  five  days  old  child,  dead  of  septic  infection. 
aer.  (no  growth  on  gelatin),  pg.  (for  rabbits  and  guinea- 
pigs,  not  for  mice).  Bacillus  septicus  agrigenus, 
Nicolaier.  Obtained  from  manured  garden  soil.  aer. , 
nliqf.  (?)  Resembles  Bacillus  septicemia  hemor- 
rhagica, Sternberg.  Bacillus  septicus  aus  Speichel. 
See  Bacillus  septicus  sputi,  I,  II.  Kreibohm.  Bacil- 
lus septicus  keratomalaciae.  Babes.  <  >l>tained  from 
the  corneal  tissues  and  viscera  of  a  child  that  died 
of  septicemia  following  keratomalacia. 
facanair.,  nliqf,  pg.  (for  rabbits  and  mice,  slightly 
for  birds,  not  for  guinea-pigs).  Bacillus  septicus 
sputi,  I,  II,  Kreibohm.  Syn. ,  Bacillus  septicus  aus 
Speichel,  Ger.  Obtained  from  human  buccal  secre- 
tions. Does  not  grow  in  any  known  culture-medium. 
Resembles  Bacillus  septicemia  hemorrhagica-,  Stem- 


berg.      Bacillus     septicus     sputigenus,     Fliigge. 
Syn.,  Bacillus  salivarius  :epticu  ,  Biondi.     Bacterium 
icutn  sputigenum,  Frankel.      Micrococcus  pneumo- 
nia iron-       .   Frankel.     Microco  ■  rn- 
berg.    Diplococcus  pneumonice,  Weichselbaum.    Strep- 
lanceolatu    pasteuri,  Gamaleia.      Microbe  "i 
Pasteur.      Micrococcus  of  Salvioii.     Mien  of 
sputum  septicemia,  Frankel.      Frankel'scher  Diplococ- 
cus.     frankel' scher    Pneumobacillus.     Frankel'scher 
1'im  umonie-Diplococcus.     Lancet-shaped  micr< 
Talamon.      Lanceolatecoccus,  Talamon.     Found  Loth 
in  healthy  and  in  pneumonic  sputum,  in  the  fibrim 
exudates  of  croupous   pneumonia,  and  in  the  pus  of 
meningitis,   aer.,  facanaer., nmot.,  nliqf. ,                 dto 
be  the.  cause  of  croupous  pneumonia  in  man,  and  by 
s'.me    to    be   identical    with    Bacillus  lysst              ti  ur. 
Bacillus    septicus    ulceris    gangraenosi,     Pa! 
Found  in  the  blood  and  viscera  of  a  boy  dead  ot   - 
ticemia  following  gangrene  of   the  skin,      ah 
mot.,pg.     Bacillus  septicus  vesicae,  Clado.     Found 
in  the  urine  of  a  patient  with  cystitis,     air.,  fa  anaei 
nliqf .,  mot. , pg.     Bacillus  sessilis,  I..  Klein.    Found 
in  the  blood  of  a  cow  supposed  to  have  died  ol  anthrax. 
aer.,  mot.  (convulsive  jerking),  npg.     Bacillus  sim 
ilis,     Bienstock.       See     Bacillus     subtilis    simulans, 
I,  II,  Bienstock.     Bacillus  smaragdinus  fcetidus, 
Reimann.      Found  in  the  nasal  secretions  in  a  case  of 
ozena,   aer. ,  facanaer..  liqf., pg.      Bacillus  smarag- 
dino     phosphorescens,     Katz.     Obtained     from    a 
herring  in  fish    market    (Sidney,   N.    S.     W.). 
nliqf.,  nmot., phos.  (emerald  grei  i                  Resembles 
Photobacterium  phosphorescens,  Cohn,  and  Pkotobac- 
terium  pfliigeri,  Ludwig.     Bacillus   solidus,  I.iide- 
ritx.      Found   in  the  exudates  of  mice  inoculated  with 
garden  earth,  air. ,  nliqf.,  mot.,  npg.     Bacillus  spin 
iferus,    Lima.      Found    upon    the    skin    in    cases    of 
eczema    seborrhceicum.     aer. ,    nliqf.,    chg.     (grayish 
yellow),  npg.     Bacillus  sputigenus  crassus. 
Bacillus    crassus    sputigenus.     Kxiebohm.      Bacillus 
stolonatus,  Adametz.     Found  in  water,    aer. ,  nliqf., 
mot.,  npg.      Bacillus  stoloniferus,  Pohl.      Found  in 
swamp    water,     aer. ,    liqf. ,    mot.       Pathogenesis    not 
determined.     Bacillus   striatus  albus,  Von  Besser. 
Found  in  the  nasal  secretions  of  healthy  persons,  aer. , 
nliqf.  .npg.      Bacillus  striatus   flavus,  Von  Be- 
Occasionally    found    in   nasal    mucus.       aer.,  nliqf., 
chg.      (sulphur  yellow  i .  npg.     Bacillus   subflavus, 
Zimmermann.      Found  in  hydrant  water  (Chemnitz). 
aer.,  nliqf.,  mot.,  chg.     (pale  yell                       Bacillus 
subtilis,  Ehrenberg,  Cohn,  Brefeld,  Prazmowski,  and 
Fitz.  Syn.  Bacillus  glycerines,  Fitz ;  Bacillus  fitzian 
Zopf;   Bacterium    subtile,    Zopf;    Metallacter   subtile, 
Pertz  ;   Vibrio  subtilis,  Ehrenberg;  Bacille  du  foin,  Fr.; 
Bacillo  del  fieno,  Ital!;  Heubacillus  ;  Fitz' scher  Aethyl- 
bacillus,  Ger.     DeBary  confines  B.  subtilis  to  the  form 
described  by  Brefeld  and  Prazmowski.     The  relation 
of  the  starch  fermentation  species  of  Fitz  remains  doubt- 
ful.     An  abundant  form  obtained  from  the  air.  water, 
soil,  and  on  plants,     aer.,  liqf.,  oscl.,  npg.      Bacillus 
subtiliformis,  Bienstock.      See  Bacillus  subtilis  simu- 
lans, I,  II,  Bienstock.     Bacillus  subtilis  simulans, 
I,  II,  Bienstock.      Syn'.,  Bacillus  similis,   Bienstock. 
Heubacillusahnlicher  Bacillus,  Ger.      Bacille  de  Bien- 
stock, I,  II,  Fr.     Found  in  human  feces,    aer.,  nliqf, 
nmot.,  npg.   Bacillus  suis,  Detmers.    S              llustar- 
digradus.  Bacillus  sulf-hydrogenus,Miquel.  Found 
in  water,     air.,  mot.     Decomposes  albumin  with  evolu- 
tion of  I  I.,S.     Bacillus  sulfureum,  Holschewnikofl 
and  Rosenheim.    Two  forms  found  in  urine  and  in  mud. 


Abbreviations.— aer.  =  aerobic,  anair.  =  anaerobic,  chg.  ■—  chromogenic.  facanaet  .—facultative  anaerobic,  liqf.  —  liquefac- 
tive.  monotn.  =  monomorphic.  mot'.  =  motile,  n'-iqf.  -=  non-liquefactive.  t:mot.=  non-motile,  npg.  —  non-pathogenic. 
obi.  =  obligate.  oscl.  =  oscillating,  pg.  =  pathogenic,  phos.  =  phosphorescent,  pleom.  =  pleomorphic.   sap.  =  saprophytic. 


BAC1  ERIA 


170 


BACTERIA 


i  i  aer.,  facanaer., nliqf.,  (2)  liqf,  mot., chg.  (reddish 
brown),  npg.  Syn.,  Prot  ui  sulfureus,  Lindenborn. 
Found    in    water.      Bacillus    superficialis,    Jordan. 

amon   in   sewage  (Lawrence,   Mass.).    aer., liqf, 
Bacillus  sycosiferus  fcetidus,  Tomma 
>oli.     Syn. ,  Bacilltu  us.      Bacillus  of  Tomma- 

Found  on  the  hairs  of  tin-  head  of  a  patient 
affected  with  sycosis.  aer.,  nliqf,  nmot.,  pg.  Ba- 
cillus syncyanum.  See  Bacillus  cyanogenus, 
Hueppe.  Bacillus  synxanthus,  Ehrenberg  and 
Schroter.     Syn.,  us    xanthogenus,    Fuchs   and 

Ehrenberg.  umxanthinum,  Schroter.     Vibrio 

synx  renberg.         Vibrio       xanthogenus, 

Fuchs.  Bacillus  of  yellow  milk.  Bacille  du  lait 
jaune,  lr.      Found  in  milk  that  has  been  boiled. 

den  yellow),    npg.      Precipitates    the 

in,' renders  the  milk  alkaline.  Bacillus  syphi- 
lidis,  Lustgarten.  Syn.,  Bacillus  syphilis ,  Lustgar- 
ten.  Bacille  de  la  syphilis,  Bacille  de  Lustgari 
Fr.  ;  Syphilis  bacillus,  Luesbacillus,  Ger. ;  Hacillo 
drl  sifilide,  Ital.  ;  Bacillus  of  Lustgarten.  Found 
in  syphilitic  new  growths  and  secretions;  does  not  de- 
velop in  ordinary  culture  media.  In  staining,  reaction 
seems  to  be  identical  with  that  of  the  Bacillus  of  the 
Smegma.  Doehle  describes  parasitic  infusoria  as  the 
causative  agents  of  syphilis.  Cf.  Helicomonas,  Klebs, 
and  Syphilis  of  bacillus  of  Eve  and  Lingard.  Bacillus 
tardigradus.  Syn. ,  Bacillus  suis,  Detmers.  Micro- 
uis,  Burrill.  Found  in  dew,  water,  and  in 
the  fluids  of  pigs  affected  with  swine  plague,  aer. , 
mot.,  npg.  Cf.  Bacillus  of  Swine  plague,  Marseilles, 
Kietsch  and  Jobert.   Bacillus  tenuis,  Duclaux.  Syn., 

othrix  tenuis,  Duclaux.  Found  in  decomposing 
albuminoid  matter,  cheese,  etc.  aer.,  facanaer.,  (?) 
mot.,  npg.  Used  in  ripening  certain  French  cheeses. 
Bacillus  tenuis  sputigenus,  Pansini.  Obtained  from 
sputum,  aer.,  nliqf.,  nmot.,  pg.  Bacillus  termo, 
Dujardin  and  Ehrenberg.  See  Bacterium  termo,  Colin. 
Bacillus  tetani,  Nicolaier.  Syn.,  Bacillus  tetani 
traumatici,  Rosenbach;  Bacille  du  tetanos,  Bacille 
de  la  tetanie,  Jr.  ;  Tetanusbacillus,  Bacillus  des 
Wundstarrkrampfes,  Ger.  ;  Bacillus  of  tetanus.  Found 
in  garden  earth  and  in  the  wounds  of  persons  dead 
of  tetanus.  anaer.,  lit//'.,  mot.,  pg.  Specific  etio- 
ic  relations  determined  by  Carle  and  Rattome. 
Bacillus  tetani  traumatici,  Rosenbach.  See  next 
preceding.  Bacillus  thalassophilus,  Russel.  Ob- 
tained from  mud  (Bay  of  Xaples).  anaer. ,  liqf. ,  mot. 
Path  is  not  determined.     Bacillus  thermoph- 

ilus,  Miquel.      Found  in  the   intestinal   tract  of   man 
and  animals,  in  sewage  and  in  the  soil.      aer. ,  nmot., 
Bacillus  tremelloides,   Schottelius.      Found 
in  hydrant  water  irg).      aer.,  liqf.,  chg.  (golden 

yellow),  npg.  Bacillus  tremulus,  Koch.  Syn., 
Metallacter  tremulus,  Trevisan.  Found  as  a  sur- 
face pellicle  on  decomposing  plant  infu>ions.  Re- 
sembles Bacillus  subtilis,  Ehrenberg.  Bacillus 
tuberculosis,  Koch.  Syn.,  Bacterium  tuberculosis , 
/.opt;     Bacterium    tu  um,    Bacillus    tuberculi, 

Bai  tile    de    la    tuberculeux. 
Bacille   de   la    tub  1  Bacille  n,    Fr.  ; 

Tuberkelbacillus,    Bacillus     der   Tuberculose,    Cer.  ; 

illo  tul..  cillo  della  tuberculose,    Ital.; 

Bacillo     de     la     tuberculosi,    Sp.       Found     in     tin- 
sputum,  in  tuberculous   organs,  and   elsewhere  in   pi  1 
-.lis  and  animal-  |  with  tuberculosis.    Parasitic. 

,  facanaer.,  nmot.,  /  .  Bacillus  tuberculosis 
gallinarum,  Maffucci.  (  tbtained  from  cases  of 
spontaneous  tuberculosis  in  fowls.     This  be 


a  distinct  species,  characterized  by  Us  staining  re- 
actions, etc.,  its  growth  in  pure  cultures,  ami  its 
pathogenic  qualities,  Koch.  Bacillus  tumescens, 
/opt.  Syn.,  Bacterium  tumescens,  /opt.  found 
upon  beets,  aer.,  liqf,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  tur- 
gidus,  Duclaux.     Syn.,  Tyrothrix turgidus,  Duclaux. 

found  in  cheese,  tier.  Produces  alkaline  reaction 
(carbonate  and  but)  rate  of  ammonia)  in  milk. 
Bacillus  tussis  convulsivae,  Afanassiew.  Syn., 
Bacillus  of  Afana  ,  Bacille  de  la  coqueluche,  Fr. , 
Keuchhustenpilz,  Ger.,  Burger.  Found  in  the  sputum 
oi  persons  affected  with  pertussis,  aer.,  nliqf,  mot.,  pg. 
Bacillus  typhi  abdominalis.  Eberth,  <  laifky,  Klebs, 
Eppinger,  Brautlecht.  Syn.,  Bacillus  typhosus,  Bac- 
terium typhosum,  Bacille  typhique,  Bacille  de  la 
fievre  typhoide,  Microbe  de  la  tievre  typhoide,  Fr.; 
Typhusbacillus,  Ger.  ;  Bacillo  tifoso,  Ital.  found  in 
water  and  in  milk,  and  in  the  feces  and  organs  in  t\ 
phoid  fever,  aer.,  nliqf.,  facanaer.  Bacillus  typhi 
murium,  Loffler.  Obtained  from  mice  affected  with 
an  epidemic  disease.  aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf,  mot. 
Bacillus  typhosus.  See  Bacillus  typhi  abdomi- 
nalis, Fberth,  etc.  Bacillus  ubiquitus,  Jordan. 
Found  in  air,  water,  sewage  (Lawrence,  Mass.). 
aer.,  facanaer. ,  nliqf,  11  mo!.,  npg.  Resembles  Bacil- 
lus candicans,  Frankland.  Bacillus  ulna,  Cohn, 
and  Prazmowski.  Syn.,  Vibrio  /',  Ehrenberg. 
Bacterium  ulna,  Miller.  Vibrio  bacillus,  Midler, 
Ehrenberg.  Found  in  egg  albumin,  aer.,  mot., 
npg.  Bacillus  ulna  of  Vignal.  Found  in  saliva 
of  healthy  persons;  perhap.s  identical  with  the  pre- 
ceding form.  aer.,  liqf.,  npg.  Bacillus  ureae, 
Miquel.  Found  in  the  air.  aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf, 
npg.  Perhaps  identical  with  the  preceding  form. 
Bacillus  ureae,  Leube.  Found  in  old  mine, 
three  varieties.  aer.,  nliqf.,  npg.  Converts  urea 
into  ammonium  carbonate.  Bacillus  urocephakis, 
Duclaux.  Syn.,  Tyrothrix  urocephalus,  -Duclaux. 
One  of  the  commonest  forms  associated  with  putre- 
faction of  animal  matter.  aer.,  /'unmoor.,  npg. 
Bacillus  vasculosis,  Sternberg.  I  obtained  from 
the  intestine  and  stomach  of  yellow-fever  cadavers. 
aer.,  liqf .,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  vaginalis,  Doder- 
lein.  Syn.,  Ddderlein'scher  Scheidenbacillus,  Doder- 
leins  Bacillus,  Scheidenbacillus,  <  rer.  *  Constantly  found 
in  the  normal  vaginal  secretions  of  adults.  aer., 
facanaer. ,  nmot.  (no  growth  in  gelatin),///;.-.  Bacil- 
lus varicosus  conjunctivae,  Gombert.  found  in 
the  healthy  conjunctival  sac  of  man.  aer.,  facanaer., 
nliqf.,  mot.,  pg.  Bacillus  venenosus,  Vaughan. 
Found  in  water,  aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf.,  mot.,  pg. 
Bacillus  venenosus  brevis,  Vaughan.  Found  in 
water,  aer. ,  facanaer.,  nliqf.,  mot.,  pg.  Bacil- 
lus venenosus  invisibilis,  Vaughan.  found  in 
water,  aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf,  mot.,  pg.  Bacillus 
venenosus  liquefaciens,  Vaughan.  found  in  water. 
aer. ,  facanaer.,  liqf.,  mo/.,  pg.  Bacillus  ventriculi, 
Raczynssky.  <  Obtained  from  the  stomach  of  meat 
fed  dogs,  aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf.,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus 
vermicularis,  Frankland.  bound  in  river  water. 
aer. ,  liqf ,  oscl. ,  npg.  Bacillus  vermiculosus,  Zim- 
mermann.  Found  in  water,  aer.,  liqf-,  oscl.,  npg. 
Bacillus  violaceus,  Becker,  found  in  river  water. 
aer.,  facanaer.,  liqf,  mot.,  chg.  'dark  violet).  Bacil- 
lus violaceus  laurentius.  Jordan.  Found  in  hy- 
drant water  (Lawrence,  Mass.).  aer.,  facanaer., 
liqf.,  mot.,  npg.  Bacillus  virens.  Van  Tieghem. 
Syn.,  Sporonema  gracile.  Found  in  stagnant  water. 
aer. ,  mot.,  <  reen,  held  by  some  to  be  chlorophyll, 


Abbreviations. — aer.  =  aerobic,    anaer.  =  anaerobic.    eAjt>\ ™  chron  facanaer.      facultative  anaerobic,  liqf.  —  li'juefac- 

tive.     monom.  =  monomorphu  .    mot.  >     motile,     nliqf.       non-liquefactive.    nmot       non-motile,     oft;.      non-pathogenic. 
obi.  =-  obligate.  oscl.  =  oscillating,  pg.  =— pathogenic,  phos. —  phosphorescent,  pleom.'    pleomorphic.   sa/>.      saprophytic. 


i:.\(   l  I  kia 


171 


BA(    I  1  KIA 


but  not  sufficiently  studied),  npg.  Bacillus  virescens. 
Frick.      Found  in  green   sputum,    atr.,  nliqf,  mot., 
chg.  (green),  npg.  Bacillus  virgula,  Duclaux.    Syn., 
Tyrothrix  virgula,   Duclaux.      Found  in  albuminous 
solutions,     aer.,    nmo/.,    npg.       Bacillus     virgula. 
Sec    Spirillum    cholera   asiaticce,    Koch.      Bacillus 
viridis    flavus,   Frick.      Syn.,  Bacillus   viridis  pal- 
lescens,    Frick.      aer.,  nliqf,  mot.,    chg.    (yellowish 
green),  npg.     Resembles   Bacillus    virescens,    Frick. 
Bacillus  viridis,    Van    I  ieghem.      Syn.    Bacterium 
riride,     Van    Tieghem,    Arthrohactcrium    viride,     De 
Bary.      Found  in   water  collected   in  the  hollow  of  a 
polyporous    fungus,     aer.,  chg.    (green).      Not    thor- 
oughly    investigated.        Bacillus      viridis      pal- 
lescens,  Frick.      Sec  Bacillus  viridis  flavus,  Frick. 
Bacillus    viscosus,    Frankland.       Found    in    river 
water,     aer.  liqf  mot.  chg.  (fluorescent  green).      l'<  r 
haps     identical     with     Bacillus    fiuorescens,     Fliigge. 
Bacillus   viscosus,   1,   II,    Van    Laer.       Found    in 
ropy  milk,     aer.,  nliqf.,  npg.     Bacillus    viscosus 
cerevisiae,    Van    Laer.       Found    in     viscous     beer 
and   in    milk.       air.,    liqf.,    npg.     Bacillus  visco- 
sus   sacchari,    Kramer.      Pound    in     viscous    sac- 
charine   fluids.       aer.,    liqf,    npg.      Bacillus    von 
Denecke.       See     Spirillum     tyrogenum,     Dene<  k<  . 
Bacillus     von      Finkler- Prior.       Sec      Spirillum 
Finkler- Prior.     Bacillus    vulgaris,    Hauser;     Syn., 
Proteus  vulgaris.     Protetts  sulfureus,   Holschenik 
Proteus  of  Hauser.     Commonly  associated  with  putre- 
faction,  aer. ,  facanaer. ,  liqf  ,  mot. ,  pg.     This  -pedes 
is  probably  one  of  those  formerly  included  under  Bac- 
terium termo.     Bacillus  X,  Sternberg.     Found  in  yel- 
low-fever cadavers.     Sternberg  thinks  it  possible  that 
this  form  is  concerned  in  the  etiology  of  yellow  fever, 
(for  rabbits).       Bacillus  xanthogenus,    Fuchs 
and  Ehrenberg.    See  Bacillus  synxanthus,  Khrenberg. 
Bacillus    xerosis,   Frankel.       Syn.,   Xerose   bacillus. 
See  Bacillus  of  xerosis  epithelialis  conjunctivae,  Leber. 
Bacillus    zenkeri,   Hauser.     Syn.,  Proteus  zenkeri. 
Kacille  de   Hauser,  Fr.      Found  in  putrefying  animal 
matter,      aer.,  facanaer. ,  nliqf,  mot.,  pg.      Bacillus 
zopfii.       Syn.,    Bacterium    zopfii,    Kurth.       Arthro- 
bacterium  zopfii,  De  Bary.     Knauelbildender  Bacillus, 
Ger.      Found  in    the  intestinal  tract  of   fowls.      aer. , 
nliqf,     mot.,     npg.        Bacillus     zurnianum,    List. 
Found    in   water,      aer.,   nliqf.,  nmot.,  npg.      Bacilo 
virgula,    Bacilo     virgulado,    Sp.       See     Spirillum 
choleree  asiatica,  Koch.      Bacteria  of  pus.      Syn., 
Eitermicroben,  Ger.   Bacteria  of  putrefaction.  Syn., 
Bacteries   de   la  putrefaction,  ¥r.;    Faulnisbacterien, 
Ger.    Bacteria  of  sea  water.  Syn.,  Bacteries  de  lean 
de  mer,  Fr.;  Kacterien  des  Meervvassers,Ger.   Bacteria 
of  the  air.     Syn.,  Bacteries  de  Fair,  Fr.  ;    Luftbacte- 
rien,  Ger.  ;   micrococci  of  the  air.      Bacteria  of  the 
mouth.     Syn.,  Bacteries  de  la  bouche,  Fr.     Bacterien 
der  Mundhohle.      Bacteria  of  the  soil.     Syn.,  Bac- 
teries de  la  terre,  Fr.  ;  Erdebacterien,  Ger.      Bacteria 
of  urine.     Syn.,  Bacteries  de  1' urine,  Fr.  ;    Bacterien 
des  Hams,  Ger.     Bacteria  of  water.      Bacteries  de 
l'eau,  Fr.  ;  Wasserbacterien,  Ger.     Bacteridie  char- 
bonneuse.     See    Bacillus   anthracis,    I'ol lender    and 
Davaine.      Bacteridie    du    charbon.     See    Bacillus 
anthracis,    Pollender   and    1  >avame.      Bacteridie    du 
charbon    symptomatique.      See    Bacillus    client:;, i, 
Arloing,  Cornevin,  Thomas.      Bacteridium  prodigi- 
osum,  Schroter.     See    Bacillus  us,   Ehren- 

berg. Bacterie  chainette.  See  Bacterium  catenula, 
I  mjardin.  Bacterie  chromogene.  Chromogenic 
bacteria.      Bacterie  commune,  Miquel.      See  Bacil- 


lus termo,  Dujardin.  Bacteries  de  la  bouche.  i 
teria  of  the  mouth.  Bacteries  de  la  diphtherie, 
Emmerich,  Si  <■  Bacillus  diphtheria,  Klebs.  Bac- 
terie de  la  fermentation  butyrique.  See  Bacillus 
butyncus,  Prazmowski.  Bacterie  de  la  fermenta- 
tion lactique.  See  Bacillus  acidi  laclici,  llueppe. 
Bacterie  de  la  fermentation  propionique.  See 
Bacillus  cavicidus,  Brieger.  Bacteries  de  l'eau. 
Microbes  oi  water.  Bacteries  de  la  putrefaction. 
Microbes  "i  putrefaction.  Bacterium  der  Brust- 
seuche    des     Pferdes.      See     Stre1  cory.ee 

conta  juorum,  Schiitz.    Bacterium  der  Butter- 

sauiegahrung.  See  Bacillus  butyricu  ,  Prazmowski. 
Bacterium  der  Diphtherie,  Emmerw  h.  See  Bacillus 
diphtheria,  Klebs.  Bacterium  der  Milchsaure- 
gahrung.  See  Ba  illus  a  idi  lactici,  Hueppe. 
Bacterie  du  pus  bleu.  See  Bacillus  pyocyaneu  a, 
Gessard.  Bacterie  point.  Bacterium  lineola,  <  ohn. 
Bacterium  des  Sauerteigs.  See  Bacterium  farina- 
ceum,  Wigand.  Bacterie  du  vinaigre.  See  Bacillus 
ti,  Kiitzing.  Bacterie  lumineuse  de  la  mer  du 
Nord.  See  Photobacterium  luminosum,  Beyerinck. 
Bacteries  de  la  terre.  Mien  bes  oi  the  soil.  Bac- 
terien der  Mundhohle.  .Microbes  of  the  mouth. 
Bacterien  des  Meerwassers.  Microbes  of  sea  water. 
Bacterium  aceti,  Lanzi.     S  illus  aceti,  Kiitz- 

ing. Bacterium  aerogenes,  Miller.  See  Bacillus 
aerogem  ,  II,  Miller.  Bacterium  aeruginosum, 
Schroter.     S  pyocyaneu  •-.•  Bac- 

terium allii.  See  Bacillus  alii,  Griffiths.  Bacterium 
anthracis,  Zopf.  See  Bacillus  anthracis,  Pollender 
and  Davaine.  Bacterium  articulatum,  Ehrenberg. 
See  Bacterium  lineola,  (ohn.  Bacterium  auranti- 
acum,  Trelease;  a  chromogenic  form.  Bacterium 
bacillus,  Pasteur.  Sec  Bacillus  termo,  Davaine. 
Bacterium  aus  Diphtherie  bei  Menschen. 
Bacillus  diphtheria-,  Klebs.  Bacterium  aus  der 
Diphtherie  bei  Tauben.  See  Bacillus  diphth 
columbarum,  Loffler.  Bacterium  brunneum, 
Schroter.  Found  in  a  putrid  infusion  of  Indian 
corn,  chg.  (brown).  Perhaps  identical  with  Bacillus 
fuscus,  Zimmerman n.  Bacterium  butyri  colloi- 
deum,  Lafar.  Found  in  every  sample  of  natural 
butter  examined.  Cf.  Bacillus  "butyri  fiuorescens, 
Lafar.  Bacterium  candidum,  Trelease.  A  chro- 
mogenous  form,  identical  with  Bacillus  mesentericus 
fuscus,  Fliigge.  Bacterium  capitatum,  Davaine. 
Found  in  an  infusion  of  albuminous  matter,  aer.,  mot. 
Bacterium  carbuncolare,  Pollender,  Brauell,  Dela- 
fond,  and  Davaine.  See  Bacillus  anthracis,  Pollender 
and  Davaine.  Bacterium  carlsbergense,  Hansen. 
Pound  in  the  air.  Cf.  Bacterium  kochii,  Hansen. 
Bacterium  catenula,  Dujardin.  Syn..  Bacterium 
chainette  Bactene  chainette,  Fr.  <  observed  especially 
in  putrid  wine  or  putrefying  blood,  generally  in  albu- 
minous liquids  in  contact  with  air.  Coze  and  Feltz 
found  it  in  typhoid  fever  in  man  and  rabbits.  It  resem- 
bles Bacillus  acidi  lactici,  Davaine,  llueppe.  Bac- 
terium caucasicum.  See  Bacillus  caucasicus,  Kern. 
Bacterium  chainette.  See  Bacterium  catenula,  Dujar- 
din. Bacterium  chlorinum,  Engelmann.  Found  in 
water,     aer.,  I  n§    Imann  holds  this  to 

be  chlorophyll,  as  a  small  amount  oi  oxygen  is  given 
indicating  the  assimilation  of  carbon.  Bacterium 
coli  commune,  Escherich.  S-  e  /.'  illus  neapolitanus. 
Bacterium  commune,  Pasteur.  See  Bacterium 
termo,  I  lujardin.  Bacterium  cuneatum,  Rivolta. 
See  Bacillus  cuneatus.  Bacterium  cyanogenum, 
Fuchs.   S  yanogenus,  Hueppe.    Bacterium 


Abbreviations. — aer.  =  aerobic,  anaer.  =  anaerobic,  chg;.  =  chromogenic.  facanaer.  =  facultative  anaerobic.  l?'gf.=  liquefac- 
live.  monom.  =  monomorphic.  mot.  =  motile,  nliqf.  — »  non-liquefactive.  nmot.  =  non-motile,  npg.  =  non-pathogenic. 
oW.=obligate.   oscl.  =  oscillating.  pg.=  pathogenic,  phns.  =  phosphorescent,  pleom.  =  pleomorphic,   sap.  =  saprophytic. 


B  VCTERI  \ 


L72 


BACTERIA 


decalvans,  Thin.     See  Micrococcus  area  tv/nY,  Buch- 
iut    and    Sehlen.      Bacterie  de  la  pourriture. 

um  putrcdinis.    Bacterium  denitrificans,  i 
( rayon  and  I  Hipetit.    See  Ba  illus  denitrificans,  <  riltay 
and   Aberson.      Bacterium   der    Brustseuche   des 
Pferdes.    See  Strept  morum, 

Schutz.     Bacterium  der  Essiggahrung.     See   Ba- 
cillu  .  Kiitzing.      Bacterium  der  Milchsaure- 

gahrung.     See  idi   lactici,  1  lavaine    and 

Hueppe.       Bacterium    der    Septikamie    bei    Ka- 
ninchen.      See    Ba  iticamia   hamorrhagx 

Sternberg.  Bacterium  dysodes,  Zopf.  See  Bacil- 
lus Zopf.  Bacterium  enchelys,  Ehrenberg. 
Pound  in  river  water.  Thought  by  Ehrenberg  to  l>e 
an  infusorian.  Bacterie  en  zigzag,  Fr.  See  Bacil- 
lus .  De  Bary.  Bacterium  farinace- 
um,  Wigand.  Syn. ,  Bacterium  des  Sauerteigs.  Found 
in  sour  sponge  or  dough.  Bacterium  fitzianum, 
Zopf.  See  Bacillus  subHlis,  Ehrenberg.  Bacterium 
fcetidum.  Thin.  Set-  Bacillus  fostidus,  Passet.  Bac- 
terium fusiforme,  Warming.  Found  in  sea  water. 
Bacterium  gingivae  pyogenes,  Miller.  See  Bacillus 
Bacterium  gliscrogenum, 
Malerba.  See  Bacillus  gliscrogenus.  Found  in  viscid 
acid  urine,  air.,  nliqf.,  mot,  npg.  Bacterium  gris- 
eum,  Wanning.  Syn.,  Micrococcus  .  Winter, 
a  doubtful  form.  Bacterium  gummis,  Commes. 
Syn.,  Microbe  de  la  mal  nero,  Ital.  The  cause  of  the 
gummous  disease  of  the  fig,  almond,  and  orange  trees, 
and  the  mal  nero  of  vine.-.  •  !f.  Bacterium  putrcdinis, 
Davaine.  Bacterium  gummosum,  Ritsert.  Found  to 
produce  the  viso  isity  i  A  infusii  ins  i  »f  I  figitalis.  air.  ,liqf., 
pleom.  Bacterium  hessii,  Guillebeau.  One  of  the 
two  forms  found  byGillebeau  to  cause  milk  to  become 
ropy.      Thrives  best  in  Pasteurized  milk.      aer. ,  liqf., 

.  tg.  Cf.  Micrococcus freudenreickii.  Bacterium 
hyacinthi,  Wakker.  Found  in  the  bulbs  and  leaves 
of  the  hyacinth  and  causing  the  yellow-  of  hyacinths. 
Cf.  Bacterium  hyacinthi  septicw,  Heinz.  Bacterium 
janthinum,  Zopf.  See  Bacillus  janthinus,  Zopf. 
Bacterium  kochii,  Hansen.  Found  in  the  air  of 
Carlsberg.  Cf.  Bacterium  carlsbergense,  Hansen. 
Bacterium  lactis,  Lister.  See  Bacillus  acidi  lactici, 
Hueppe.     Bacterium   lactis  aerogenes,  Escherich. 

Bacillus  lactis  aerogenes,  Abelous.  Bacterium 
lineola,  Miiller,  Cohn.  Syn.,  Bacterium  function, 
Rivolta.  Bacterium  tremulans,  Trevisan.  Bacterium 
triloculari,  Ehrenberg.  Bacterium  articulation,  Ehren- 
berg. Vibrio  lineola  I  Miiller),  Ehrenberg.  Vibrio 
tremulans,  Ehrenberg.  Bacillus  lineola,  Bacterie  point, 
Fr.  Found  in  well  and  other  water,  in  infusions,  soil 
on  vegetables,  etc.  aer.,  mot.  (trembling  and  darting 
back  and  forth),  pleom.,  npg.  Probably  represents 
several  species,  or  a  developmental  form  of  a  spirillum. 
Bacterium  litoreum,  Warming.  Found  only  in  sea 
water.  aer.,  mot.,  npg.  Bacterium  lucens,  Van 
Tieghem.  See  Bacillus  lucens,  Van  T.  Bacterium 
luteum,  Trelease.  See  Bacillus  luteus,  Fliigge.  Bac- 
terium maidis,  Cuboni.  See  Bacillu  maidi  ,  Cuboni. 
Bacterium  merismopcedioides,  Zopf.  See  Ba  illus 
merismopadu  .  Zopf.  Bacterium  morbilli,  Lanzi. 
Syn..  Microbe  di  morbillo.  Found  in  the  urine  ..I" 
persons  with  measles.  Cf.  Bacillus  septicemia  hemor- 
rhagica, Sternberg.  Bacterium  navicula,  Reinke 
and  Berthold.  See  Bacillus  butyricus,  Prazmowski. 
Bacterium  neapolitanum.  See  Bacillus neapolitanus. 
Emmerich.  Bacterium  oblongum,  Boutroux.  Syn., 
Micrococcus  oblongus,  Boutroux.  Found  in  beer;  the 
agent  of  gluconic  fermentation.      Bacterium  of  Bu- 


tyric Acid  Fermentation.  See  Bacillus  butyricus, 
Prazmowski.  Bacterium  of  Diphtheria,  Emmerich. 
Syn,,  Bacterie  de  la  diphtherie,  Fr.  Bacterium  der 
Diphtherie.  ( ler.  Found  in  cases  of  diphtheria  in  man 
and  doves.  Bacterium  of  Fire  Blight.  See  Ba 
cillus  butyri,  us,  Prazmowski.  Bacterium  of  Infec- 
tious Pneumonia  in  the  Horse.  See  Strep 
coryza  contagiosa  equorum,  Schutz.  Bacterium  of 
Kefir.     See  Bacillus  cat*  Kern.      Bacterium 

of  Pear  Blight.  Cf.  Bacillus  butyricus,  Prazmowski, 
and  Micrococcus  amylovorus,  Burrill.  Bacterium  of 
Sheep  Pox.  Syn.,  Microbe  de  la  clavelee.  Found 
in  cases  of  sheep  pox,  or  "  Schafblattern. "  Bacte- 
rium of  variola.  (  ose  and  Feltz.  Syn..  Bacterie  de 
la  petite  variole,  Fr.  Bacterium  der  Variola  (oder  der 
Blattern).  Found  in  the  vesicles  of  smallpox;  patho- 
genic for  rabbits.  Bacterium  oleae,  Arcangeli.  Said 
to  cause  the  so-called  tuberculosis  ("  Maladie  de  la 
loupe;"  "Rogner")  of  olives.  Bacterium  ova- 
tum,  Lebert.      S  ma  bombycis,  Nageli.      Bac- 

terium pasteurianum,  or  Bacterium  pastorianum. 
See  Bacillus  pasteurianus,  Hansen.  Bacterium 
periplanetae,  Tichomirow.  Found  in  the  common 
cockroach  [Beriplanct.c  orient alis),  and  producing  in 
it  a  specific  disease.      Bacterium  pfltigeri,  Liidwig, 

Photobacterium  ppZiigeri,  I.udwig.  Bacterium 
phosphorescens,  Hermes.  See  Bacillus  phospho- 
reus,  Cohn.  Bacterium  Phosphorescens,  Cohn. 
See  Photobacterium  phosphorescens.  Bacterium 
photometricum,  Engelmann,  Found  in  water; 
motion  dependent  on  light ;  possibly  not  a  bacterium 
at  all.  Bacterium  pneumoniae,  Bacterium  pneu- 
moniae crouposae,  Friedlander.  Set  Bacillus  pneu- 
monia friedl&nderi.  Bacterium  porri,  Tommasi- 
Crudeli.  Found  in  warts.  Bacterium  prodigio- 
sum.  See  Bacillus prodigiosus,  Ehrenberg.  Bac- 
terium pseudopneumonicum.  See  Bacillus  pseudo- 
pneumonicus,  Fliigge.  Bacterium  punctum,  Rivolta. 
See  Bacterium  lineola  ( Miiller),  Cohn.  Bacterium  pu- 
tredinis,  Davaine.  Syn.,  Bacterie  de  la  pourriture. 
Found  in  rapidly-decaying  plants.  Cf.  Bacterium 
gummis,  Comes.  Bacterium  pyriforme,  Hansen. 
Found  in  the  air.  Bacterium  radicicola,  Praz- 
mowski. Syn.,  Bacillus  radicicola,  Beyerinck  ;  Rh 
Hum  leguminosarum,  Frank.  Found  in  the  soil, 
particularly  in  the  roots  of  the  Leguminosa,  where 
they  are  held  to  stimulate  the  cells  to  unusual 
growth,  affect  nitrification,  constitute  the  "  bacteroid-  " 
of  Woronin,  and  form  the  so-called  "  bacteroid  tis- 
sue." Bacterium  rosaceum  metalloides,  Dow 
deswell.  See  Bacillus  ruler,  I' rank,  Cohn.  Bacte- 
rium rubescens,  l.ankester.  See  Beggiatoa  re 
persicina,    Zopf.       Bacterium    septicaemiae,    Koch. 

Bacillus  septicemia  hemorrhagica,  Sternberg. 
Bacterium  septicum  sputigenum.  See  Bacillus 
septicus  sputigenus,  Fliigge.  Bacterium  subtile, 
Buchner.  See  Bacillus  suit  His,  Ehrenberg.  Bacte- 
rium sulfuratum  ;  Bacterium  sulphuratum, 
Warming.  See  Beggiatoa  roseo-persicina,  Zopf '.  Bac- 
terium sulfureum,  Rosenheim.  Found  in  wine. 
nliqf.  Evolves  1 1  ,S.  Bacterium  syncyaneum, 
1  brenberg,  Schroter.  See  Bacillus  cyanogenus, 
Hueppe.  Bacterium  synxanthum,  Schroter. 
Bacillus  synxanthus.  Bacterium  termo,  Dujardin 
and  Ehrenberg.  Syn.,  Bacillus  termo,  Davaine. 
Bacterie  [Baet,  rium)  commune,  Pasteur.  Bacterium 
bacillus,  Pasteur.  Cryptococcus  nutans,  Kiitzing. 
Cryptococcus  nebulosus,  Kiitzing.  Micrococcus  crepus- 
culum.  Cohn.    Zooglcea  termo  i  Miiller),  Cohn.    Monas 


Abbreviations. — aer.  =  aerobic,   aimer     -anaerobic,   die        chrom^genic.  Jacanaer.  =-  facultative  anaerobic.    Kqf. — liquefac- 
tive      monom.  ■     monomorphic.    mot.  —  motile     nliqf.       non-liq  mica.       non-motile,     npg.  »=non-patho| 

obi.  =  obligate,  oscl.  ■—  oscillating,  £g\  —  pathogenic,  phos.  -phosphorescent,  pleom.  =  pleomorphic,  sap.  —"Saprophytic, 


BAC1  l.KIA 


173 


BACTERIA 


termo,  Mtiller.  Palmella  infusionum,  Ehrenberg. 
Long  considered  the  most  characteristic  microbe  of 
filth  and  putrefaction;  but  shown  by  riauser  to  be  a 
collective  -pedes.  The  name  is  now  reserved  for 
Yignal's  species,  while  Bacillus  termo  may  perhaps  be 
reserved  for  the  flagellate  forms  studied  by  Dallinger 
and  Drysdale,  or  discarded  entirely.  Bacterium 
termo,  Vignal.  Found  in  the  saliva  of  healthy  per- 
sons, ni'r. ,  lit//.,  mot.,  chg.  (yellowish  gray),  j 
Bacterium  tholoideum,  Gessner.  Syn.,  Bacillus 
of  Gessner.  Found  in  the  intestinal  contents  of 
healthy  persons.  Resembles  Bacillus  lad 
Escherich.  pg.  (for  mice  and  guinea  pig-  |.  Bacte- 
rium tremulans,  Trevisan.  See  Bacterium  lineola, 
Cohn.  Bacterium  triloculare,  Ehrenberg.  See 
Bacterium  lineola,  Cohn.  Bacterium  tubercu- 
losis, /opt.  Bacterium  tuberculosum,  Koch. 
See  Bacillus  tuberculosis ,  Koch.  Bacterium  tumes- 
cens,  Zopf.  See  Bacillus  tumesceus,  Zopf.  Bacte- 
rium typhosum.  See  Bacillus  typhi  abdominalis, 
Eberth  and  Gaffky.  Bacterium  ulna.  See  Bacillus 
ulna,  Cohn.  Bacterium  ulna,  Cohn.  See  Micro- 
coccus urea.  Bacterium  ureae,  Jaksch.  Found  in 
ammoniacal  urine,  aer. ,  facanaer. ,  nliqf.  Not  suffi- 
ciently investigated.  Bacterium  vermiforme.  Ward. 
Found  in  fermented  ginger  beer.  Bacterium  viride, 
See  Bacillus  viridis,  Van  Tieghem.  Bacterium 
violaceum,  Bergonzini.  Syn.,  Chromobacterium 
violaceum,  Bergonzini.  found  in  putrefying  solutions 
of  egg  albumen,  chg.  (violet).  Bacterium  xanthi- 
num.  See  Bacillus  syn  tanthus,  Ehrenberg  and 
SchrSter.  Bacterium  xylinum,  A.  J.  Brown.  Found 
in  solutions  of  carbohydrates,  giving  rise  to  acetic 
acid,  and  converting  dextrose  into  gluconic  acid,  ami 
mannitol  into  levulose.  Bacterium  zopfii,  Kurth. 
See  Bacillus  zopfii.  Bacteroides,  Woronin.  Micro- 
organisms forming  tubercles  in  the  roots  of  leguminous 
plants,  and  assisting  in  the  fixing  of  nitrogen.  Batte- 
ria  chromogene,  Ital.  Chromogenic  microbes. 
Batterio  della  pellagra,  Ttal.  See  Bacillus  maidis, 
Cuboni.  Beggiatoa  alba,  Vaucher.  Syn.,  Beggiatoa 
punctata,  Trevisan.  Beggiatoa  leptomitiformis,  Men- 
eghi. Oscillaria  alba,  Vaucher.  Hygrocrocis  vandelli, 
Meneghi.  Next  to  Cladothrix  the  most  common  bac- 
terium of  water,  forming  a  superficial  layer  in  the  mud 
called  barigine  or  glairine,  q.  v.  Beggiatoa  alba, 
var.  marina,  Cohn.  Syn.,  Beggiatoa  osrstedtii, 
Rabenhorst.  See  Beggiatoa  marina,  Cohn.  Beggi- 
atoa arachnoidae,  Agardh.  Syn.,  Oscillaria  arach- 
noidea,  Agardh.  Oscillaria  versatilis,  Kutz.  Found 
in  swamps  and  sulphur  springs.  Beggiatoa  lepto- 
mitiformis, Meneghi  and  Trevisan.  Syn.,  Oscillaria 
leptomitiformis,  Meneghi.  Found  in  sulphur  springs. 
Beggiatoa  marina,  Cohn.  Syn.,  Beggia'oa  alba, 
var.  marina,  Cohn.  Beggiatoa  cersteJii,  Rabcnhor-t. 
Found  in  a  salt  water  aquarium,  forming  a  whitish 
slimy  layer  on  dead  fish.  Beggiatoa  minima, 
Wanning.  Found  in  sea  water;  gray.  Beggiatoa 
mirabilis,  Cohn.  Found  in  a  salt  water  aquarium; 
snow  white.  Beggiatoa  multisepta.  See  Prag- 
midiothrix  multisepta,  Engler.  Held  by  Zopf  to  be 
identical  with  Beggiatoa  alba,  Vaucher.  Beggiatoa 
nivea,  Rabenhorst.  Syn. ,  Leptonema  niveum.  Sym- 
phio'hrix  nivea,  Brugger.  Found  in  sulphur  springs. 
Beggiatoa  nodosa,  Van  Tieghem.  A  doubtful 
form  characterized  by  nodes  in  the  filaments,  which 
differ  from  other  members  of  the  genus  in  the  absence 
of  sulphur  grains  and  of  motion.  Beggiatoa  cersted- 
tii.  Rabenhorst.   See  Beggiatoa  alba,  var.  marina ,  Cohn. 


Beggiatoa  pellucida,  Cohn.  found  in  a  marine 
aquarium  ;  sulphur  grains  few.  Beggiatoa  punc- 
tata, Trevisan.  See  Beggiatoa  alba,  Cohn.  Beggia- 
toa roseo-persicina,  Zopf.     Syn.,  Bact  rium  ru 

iter.     Bacterium  sulfuratum  or  Bacterium 
ihuratum,  Wanning.     Clathrocysth  ro  ma, 

Cohn.       Cohnia  ina,     Winter,     Kiitzing. 

Microhaloa  ros  a,  Kutz.  Ophidiomonas  tanguin  a, 
Ehrenberg.     /'/  ina,  Rabenhorst. 

Peach-colored  bacterium.  Morphologically  identical 
with  Beggiatoa  alba,  Vaucher.  Forms  rose-colored 
to  violet  pellicles  on   putrid  matter.      I':  ■■  ,.te- 

rio-purpurin.  Beggiatoa  tigrina,  Rabenhorst.  Syn., 
Oscitlaria  tigrina,  Ronier.  found  in  swamps  on 
submerged  wood,  forms  a  thin  white  layer.  Bie- 
nenfaulbrutbacillus.      See   Bacillui   al;  hire 

and  Cheyne.  Bienstock's  Bacillus.  Bienstock's 
Bacillus  aus  Faeces.  Bienstocks  Putrefactive 
Bacillus.  Bienstock's  Putrefactive  Bacillus  from 
the  Feces.  See  Bacillus  putreficus  coli,  Bienstock. 
Blutbacillus.  Microbe  of  the  blood.  Blutpilz. 
See  Bacillus prodigiosus ,  Ehrenberg.  Bodenbacillus. 
Microbe  of  the  soil.  Bollingera  equi,  Saccardo. 
See  Micrococcus  botryogenes,  Rabe.  Brauner  Kar- 
toffelbacillus,  Cer.  See  Bacillus  mesentericus  fuscu  . 
Fliigge.  Brieger's  Bacillus.  See  Bacillus  cavicidus, 
Brieger.  Brunnenfaden.  See  Crenothrix  kithniana 
Rabenhorst.  Buff  Bacillus  of  Spreading  Edema, 
A.  B.  Harris,  nliqf.,  air.,  dig.  (buff),  pleom. 
Butterbacillus,  Cer.,  Buttersaurebacillus,  Butyl- 
bacillus,  Cer.  See  Bacillus  butvricus,  Prazmowski. 
Capsule  Bacillus  of  Loeb.  Obtained  from  a  case 
of  keratomalacia  infantum,  aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf., 
nmot.,  pg.  Resembles  Bacillus  capsulatus,  Pfeiffer. 
Capsule  Bacillus  of  Ozena,  Marano.  Found  in  the 
nasal  secretions  in  ten  cases  of  ozena.  Resembles 
Bacillus  pneumonia-  fri  •dldnderii.  Cf.  Micrococcus 
lojwenbergii.  Capsule  Bacillus  of  Smith.  See 
Bacillus  capsulatus  smithii.  Champignon  du  tube 
digestif  du  lapin  et  autres  herbivores,  Remack. 
See  Saccharomyces guttulatus ,  Robin.  Cheese  Spiril- 
lum. See  Spirillum  tyrogenum,  Denecke.  Chromo- 
bacterium violaceum,  Bergonzini.  See  Bacterium 
tm,  Bergonzini.  Chromogene  Bacterien, 
Ger.  Syn.,  Bacteries  chromogenes,  Fr.  Batteria 
chromogeni,  It.  Chromogenic  bacteria.  Chromo- 
genic Micrococci.  Chromogenous  Micrococci. 
Microcoque  chromogene,  Fr.  Chromogenic  micrococci. 
Chromogenous  Bacteria.  Bacteries  chromogenes, 
Fr.  Batteria  cromogeni,  Ital.  Chromogenic  bacteria. 
Cladothrix  bovis.  See  Actinomyces  bonis,  Harz. 
Cladothrix  canis.  Held  by  Rabe  to  be  very  like 
Actinomyces  bovis.  Cladothrix  dichotoma,  Cohn  and 
Zopf.  See  Leptothrix  ochracea,  Kiitzing.  Myconostoc 
gregarium,  Cohn.  Cladothrix  fcersteri,  Cohn.  Syn. , 
Crenothrix  fcersteri,  Streptothrix  faersteri,  Cohn. 
Leptrothrix  der  Thranenrohrchen,  Graefe,  Ger. 
Forms  yellowish  or  grayish  concretions  in  the  human 
lachrymal  ducts.  Cladothrix  intricata,  Russel. 
Obtained  from  sea  mud  (bay  of  Naples),  aer.,  liqf., 
mot.  Clathrocystis  roseo-persicina,  Cohn.  See 
Beggiatoa  roseo-persicina,  Zopf.  Clostridium  buty- 
ricum,  Prazmowski.  See  Bacillus  butyricuS,  Praz- 
mowski. Clostridium  fcetidum,  I. iborius.  See  Ba 
cillus  faiiaus,  Passet.  Clostridium  of  Symptomatic 
Anthrax  for  Charbon\  Neelsen  and  Ehlers.  E 
Bacillus  chauvai,  Bollinger  and  Feser.  Clostridium 
polymyxa,  Prazmowski.  See  Bacillus  polymyxa, 
Prazmowski.     Coccobacillus  pyogenes  ureae,  ROr- 


Abbreviations. — aer.  — <  aerobic,  anaer.  =  anaerobic,  chg.  =  chromogenic.  facanaer.  —  facultative  anaerobic,  liqf.  =  liquefac 
tive.  monom.  =  monomorphic.  mot.  =  motile,  nliqf.  —  non-liquefactive.  nmot.  =  non-motile,  npg.  =  non-pathogenic. 
obi.  —  obligate.   oscl.  =  oscillating,  pg.  —  pathogenic,  phos.  =  phosphorescent,  pleom.  —  pleomorphic,  sap.  =  saprophytic 


BACTERIA 


171 


RAi    1  I  KIA 


y.    See/'  genes tin-.,-,  R5rsing.   Cocco- 

bacteria  septica,  Billroth.  The  single  term  under 
which  Billroth  includes  all  putrefactive  bacteria. 

nice  hatnorrh  ,  Sternberg.     Coc- 

cobacteria  ureae,  Rorsing.      See  Dip 
urea,    Rorsing.      Coccobacterium    lyssae,    Rivolta. 
Pasteur.      Cohnia   roseo-persi- 
cina.    Winter   and    Kiitzing.      See 

Colon  Bacillus  of  Escherich.    See 

Comma  Bacillus,  Comma 

bacillus  of  Koch.  Comma-shaped  Bacillus,  Waten. 

Bacillo    en    virgule,    bacille    virgule,    Fr.      Komma- 

irgola,  bacillo  virgolato,  Ital. 

ula,  bacillo  virgulado,  Sp.     See  Spirillum 

Koch.      Cornalian    Corpuscles. 

Microbe  de  la  pebrine.     Corpuscles    brillants. 

!u  .  Passet.       Corpuscles  du  ver 

du  soie.     See    Mi,  us.     Coryza  diplo- 

cocci.     See   M  zureus,  Schroter  and 

Winckler.     Cremefarbiger  Micrococcus,  List,  Ger. 

u  .  List.      Crenothrix   fcersteri, 

o.  See  ( 'ladothrix  fcersteri.  Crenothrix  kiih- 
niana,  Saccardo  and  Rabenhorst.  Syn.,  Creno- 
thrix \     Cohn.        Hypaothrix     kuhniana, 

'othrix  kuhniana,  Brunnenfaden.  Found  in 
drinking  water,  to  which  they  impart  a  disagreeable 
taste.     Crenothrix  polyspora,  Cohn,  S&  \rix 

kuhniana,  Saccardo  and  Rabenhorst.  Cryptococcus 
alveareus.  See  Bacillus alvei.  Cheshire  and  Cheyne. 
Cryptococcus  clava,  Wedl.  Found  in  the  stomachs 
of  ruminants.  Cryptococcus  cerevisiae,  Robin. 
Cryptococcus  fermentatum,  Kiitzing.  See  Sacchar- 
ori]  visia,    Reess  and  Robin.   Cryptococcus 

glutinis,  Fersen.  See  Saccharomyces  glutinis.  Cryp- 
tococcus guttulatus,  Robin.  See  Saccharomyces  gut- 
tulatus.  Cryptococcus  natans,  cryptococcus  nebu- 
losus,  Kiitzing.  See  Bacterium  termo,  Dujardin  and 
Davaine.  Cryptococcus  of  Yellow  Fever.  See 
C.  xanthogenicus,  Freire.  Cryptococcus  xantho- 
genicus,  Domingo-Freire.  Considered  by  I).  Freire 
to  be  the  cause  of  yellow  fever.  Cf.  Bacillus  of 
yellow  fever.  Darmbacillen.  Bacilli  of  the  intes- 
tine. Darmbacillen  von  Schottelius.  See  Bac- 
illus c  fidus,  Schottelius.  Denecke's 
Cheese  Bacillus.  See  Spirillum  tyrogenum. 
Dengue  Micrococci.  See  Scheutzia  laughlini. 
Detionella  ochracea,  Saccardo.  See  Leptothrix 
ochracea,  Kiitzing.  Diplococcus  albicans  amplus, 
Bumm;  Grayish  white  micrococcus.  Found  in 
mucus  from  the  healthy  vagina,  air.,  facanaer.,  liqf, 
Diplococcus  albicans  tardus,  Unna  and 
Tommasoli.  Found  in  eczema,  aer.,  nliqf.,  nmot. 
Diplococcus  albicans  tardissimus.  Morphologi- 
cally identical  with  the  Gonococcus ;  but  more  adher- 
ent, forming  small  masses,  aer. ,  nliqf.,  npg.  Dip- 
lococcus citreus  conglomeratus,  Bumm.  Obtained 
from  the  air,  in  dust,  and  from  gonorrheal  pus.  cur., 
facanaer.,  liqf.,chg.  (lemon  yellow  \,npg.  Diplococ- 
cus citreus  liquefaciens,  Unna  and  Tommasoli. 
I  ound  on  the  skin  incases  of  eczema  seborrhceicum. 
.,  liqf, nmot.,  chg.  (lemon-yellow),  npg.  Diplo- 
coccus coryzae,  Klebs  and  Hajek.  Obtained  from 
the  nasal  secretions  in  cases  of  acute  nasal  catarrh. 
aer. ,  nliqf.,  u p  .  Diplococcus  der  Pferdepneu- 
monie.  See  I  liplococcus  of  pneumonia  in  horses, 
Schiitz.  Diplococcus  des  Pemphigus  acutus, 
Demme.  See  1  tiplococcus  of  pemphigus  acutus, 
I  >emme.  Diplococcus  flavus  liquefaciens  tardus, 
Unna  and    Tommasoli.      found  on  the  skin  in  cases  of 


eczema  seborrhoeicum.  aer.,  facanaer.,  liqf,  chg, 
(chrome-yellow),  npg.  Diplococcus  fluorescens 
foetidus,  Klamann.  •  Ibtained  from  the  posterior nares. 
air.,  facanaer.,  Hqf,  rass  green  to  violet),  npg. 

Diplococcus  intercellularis  meningitidis.  Gold- 
schmidt  and  Weichselbaum.  Found  within  the  cells 
of  the  exudates  in  cerebro-spinal  meningitis,  aer., 
nliqf., pg.  Diplococcus  jaune  blanc.  SeeMicroi 
cus  subflavus,  Bumm.  Diplococcus  lacteus  favi- 
formis,  Bumm.  Found  frequently  in  the  vagina] 
secretions,  air.,  nliqf,  npg.  Diplococcus  luteus, 
Adametz.  Found  in  water.  aer.,  liqf,  mot.  chg. 
(yellow),  npg.  Diplococcus  of  Gonorrhea.  See 
Mi  gonorrhoea,    Neisser.      Diplococcus   of 

Orchitis,  Hugouneng  and  Eraud.  Syn.,  Orchiococ- 
cus.  Frequently  found  in  gonorrheal  pus  during  the 
first  tew  days,  aer.,  nliqf,  pg.  The  specifii  microbe 
of  blennorrhagic  epididymitis.  Diplococcus  of 
Ozena,  Loewenberg.  Found  in  the  secredons  in  cases 
of  ozena.  Diplococcus  of  Pemphigus,  Diplococ- 
cus of  Pemphigus  Acutus,  Demme.  Syn..  Micro- 
coccus of  Demme.  Diplocoi  Pemphigus  acu- 
tus, Ger.  Found  in  the  bulla- of  pemphigus,  air., 
nliqf,  pg.  Resembles  the  Gonococcus.  Diplococcus 
of  Pneumonia  in  Horses,  Schiitz.  Syn.,  Diplococ- 
cus der  Pferdepneumonie.  Obtained  from  the  lungs 
of  a  horse  affected  with  acute  pneumonia.  aer., 
nliqf,  pg.  Diplococcus  pneumoniae  fibrinosae, 
Friedlander.  See  Bacillus  pneumonie  friedlanderi. 
Diplococcus  pneumoniae,  Weichselbaum. 
Bacillus  septicus  sputigenus,  Fliigge.  Diplococcus 
pyogenes  ureae,  Rorsing.  Syn.,  Diplococcus  urea, 
Rorsing.  Coccobacillus pyogenes  urea,  Rorsing. 
cobacterium  urea,  Rorsing.  found  in  purulent  urine. 
Cf.  Diplococcus  urea  trifoliatus,  Rorsing.  Micrococ- 
cus pyogenes  urea  flavus,  Rorsing.  Diplococcus 
roseus,  Bumm.  Found  in  the  air.  air.,  facanaer., 
liqf,  chg.  (pink),  npg.  Diplococcus  ureae,  Rorsing. 
See  Diplococcus  pyogenes  urea,  Rorsing.  Diplococ- 
cus ureae  trifoliatus,  Rinsing.  Found  in  purulent 
urine.  Cf.  Diplococcus  pyogenes  urea,  RSrsing. 
Mi  ro,  occus  pyogenes  urea  flavus,  Rorsing.  Dispora 
caucasica,  Kern.  Sec  Bacillus  caucasicus,  Kern. 
Drumstick  Bacillus.  See  Bacillus  putrificus  coli, 
Bienstock.  Einheimischer  Leuchtbacillus.  S(  e 
Bacillus phosphorescens  indigenus,  Fisher.  Eisbacil- 
len.  Bacilli  of  ice.  Eiterbacillen,  Eiterkokken, 
Eitermikroben.  Microbes  of  pus.  Eiterketten- 
kokkus.  See  Micrococcus  pyogenes,  Rosenbach. 
Emmerich's  Bacillus,  Emmerich's  Neapler 
Bacillus.  See  Bacillus  neapolitanus.  Endosporous 
bacteria.  Syn.,  Bactiries endospores,  Fr.  Endosporen- 
Bacterien,  ( Jer.  Bacteria  that  produce  by  endogen- 
ous spore  formation.  Epsilon  Bacillus,  Miller. 
See  Spirillum  iinkleri.  Erdbacillus.  See  Bacillus 
myocoides,  Fliigge.  Erdebacillen,  Erdebacterien. 
Microbes  of  the  soil.  Erythroconus  litoralis, 
GErstedt.  See  Sarcina  litoralis.  '1  rstedt.  Essig- 
ferment,  Essigpilz.  See  Bacillus  aceti,  Kiitzing. 
Faecesbacillen,  Ger.  Bacilli  of  the  feces.  Faul- 
nisbacillen,  (ler.  See  Bacillus  saprogenes,  I,  II. 
Ill,  Rosengarten.  Faulnisbacterium,  Ger.  See 
Bacterium  termo.  Dujardin  and  Davaine.  Faul- 
nisbacterien.  Bacteria  of  putrefaction.  Feet-sweat 
Bacillus.  See  Bacillus  fatidus.  Bacillus  sapro- 
genes, II,  and  Bacterium  gri  Ferment  de 
la  fermentation  butyrique,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  buty 
ricus,  Prazmowski.  Fettbacillus,  Ger.  See  Bacillus 
butyricus    Prazmowski.      Finkler-Prior's    Bacillus. 


Abbreviations. — aer.  =  aerobic,    an  aer.  ^a.n;\> 

tive.    monotn.  -=-  monomorphic.    mot.  —  motile. 


obi.  —  obligate,   oscl. 


ch.tr.  =  ehromogenic.    facanaer.  »•  facultative  anaerobic,    liqf.  ™  liquefac- 

nltqf.  ="  non-liquefactive      nmot.     "non-motile,    npg.       non-pathoeenic. 

oscillating.  pg.*=  pathogenic,  phos.—  phosphorescent,  pleom.  —  pleomorphic,   sap.      saprophytic. 


BACTERIA 


175 


BA(   1  ERIA 


See  Spirillum  Finkler-Prior.      Fiore  del  vino  e  della 
birra,    Ital.     Sec   Saccharomyces   mycoderma,   !<•  i 
Fitz'scher Aethylbacillusj  Ba  illussubti 

Ehrenberg,  etc.  Flesh  colored  Bacillus,  I 
Found  in  water.  aer. ,  //■//'.  mot.,  ckg.  (pink),  n 
Flowers  of  Wine.  See  Saccharomyc  mycoderma, 
Reess.  Fluorescent  bacilli.  Bacilles  fluoresceins, 
Fr.  Fluorescirende  Bacillen,  der.  See  Bacillus 
jluorescens  putidus,  Bacillus  erythrosporus ,  Bacillus 
fluorescens  liquefaciens,  etc.  Fraenkel's  Pneumo- 
bacillus,  Fraenkel'scher  Diplococcus,  Fraenkel- 
Weichselbaum'scher  Pneumococcus,  Fraenkel'- 
scher Pneumonie  -  Diplococcus.  See  Bacillus 
septicus  sputi^outs,  Fliigge.  Frog-spawn  Bacte- 
rium of  Sugar  Factories,  Frog-spawn  fungus, 
Froschlaich,  Froschlaichpilz,  ( rei  See  Leut  onostoc 
nusenter aides.  Gaffkya  tetragenes,  Saccardo.  See 
Micrococcus  tetragenus,  ( lafi'ky.  Gahrungerregende 
Bacillen,  Ger.  Zymogenic  bacilli.  Gasbildende 
Bacillen  aus  dem  Magen,  Ger,  See  Bacillus  lactis 
aerogenes,  Escherich.  Gasbildende  Bacillen  aus 
Wasser,  Ger.  Bacilli  of  water.  Gas  Forming  Ba- 
cillus. See  Bacillus gasoformans,  Eisenberg.  Gelber 
Bacillus.  See  Bacillus  luteus,  Fliigge.  Gelber 
Traubencoccus.  See  Staphylococcus  pyogenes  aureus, 
Ogston.  Ginger  Beer  Plant,  Marshall  Ward.  Forms 
jelly-like,  semi-transparent,  yellowish-white,  brain-like 
masses  at  the  bottom  of  the  fermentation;  resemble.-. 
Caucasian  kephir  grains;  it  is  a  symbiotic  association 
of  Saccharomyces  piriformis,  and  of  Bacterium  vermi- 
forme.  Glacier  Bacillus,  Gletscherbacillus.  See 
Bacillus  fluorescens  nivalis,  Schmolck.  Glatthaut- 
bildender  Kartoffelbacillus,  Ger.  See  Bacillus 
leiodermos,  Loffler.  Gliococcus,  a  micrococcus  with 
a  slimy  capsule.  Glycerinathylbacillus,  Glycer- 
inaethylbacterium.  See  Bacillus subtilis,  Ehrenberg, 
Cohn,  etc.  Golden  Staphylococcus.  See  Staphy- 
lococcus pyogenes  aureus,  Ogston,  Beeker.  Gomme 
de  sucrerie.  See  Leuconostoc  mesenteroides,  Cien- 
kowski.  Gonococcus,  Gonococque,  Gonorrhcecoc- 
cus.  Syn.,  Trippercoccus.  See  Micrococcus gonorrh 
Neisser.  Grains  de  kephyr.  See  Bacillus  can 
icus,  Kern.  Gray-white  micrococcus,  Bumm. 
See  Diplococcus  albicans  ampins,  Bumm.  Griingel- 
ber  Bacillus  aus  Wasser,  Ger.  Greenish-yellow  ba- 
cillus of  water.  Gummibacillus,  Ger.  See,  B.  lio- 
dermos, Loffler.  Haematococcus  bovis,  Babes.  Syn., 
Microbe  de  l'hemoglobinurie  du  btcuf.  Zimmermann. 
Obtained  from  the  blood  and  viscera  of  cattle  dead 
of  an  epidemic,  infectious  disease  characterized  by 
hemoglobinuria  (in  Roumania).  aer. ,  facanaer., 
nliqf. ,  pg.  Harnmicrococcus.  See  Micrococcus 
urea,  Cohn.  Harnsarcine,  Hartze.  See  Sarcina 
of  urine.  Harnstoffmicrococcus.  See  Micrococcus 
urece,  Cohn.  Hauser's  Faulnisbacillen.  See 
Proteus  vulgaris,  Proteus  mirabilis,  /'  '  u  zenkerii. 
Hay  bacillus,  Bacille  du  foin,  Fr.  Heubacillus. 
Ger.  Bacillus  del  tieno,  Ital.  See  Bacillus  subtilis, 
Ehrenberg.  Helicobacterium  aerogenes,  Miller. 
See  Bacillus  aerogenes,  III,  Miller.  Helicobac- 
terium klebsii,  Escherich.  Found  in  the  intestine 
of  guinea  pigs,  pleom.  Helicomonas,  Klebs.  Syph- 
ilis fungus.  Ct'.  Bacillus  syphilidis,  Lustgarten. 
Heubacillus.  See  Bacillus  subtilis,  Ehrenberg. 
Heubacillusahnlicher  Bacillus.  < I-er.  Sec  Bacillus 
subtilis  simulans,  Bienstock.  Heupilz,  See  Bacillus 
subtilis,  Ehrenberg.  Hirse  des  Propheten.  See 
Bacillus  caucasicus,  Kern.  Hormiscium  cerevisiae, 
Bonard.      Hormiscium    vini.      Hormiscium    vini 


et     cerevisiae,    Bonard.      See    Saccharomyce •    m 
derma.       Hostienblut.       See     B 
Ehrenberg.        Huhnercholerabacillus.       Hiihner- 
micrococcus.     Bacillus  of  chicken  cholera.     Sei    Ba 
cillus  s-  kemon  Sternberg.      Huep- 

pe's    Bacillus    of    Butyric    Acid     Fermentation 
— Hueppe's     Buttersaurebacillus.      See     6 
butyricus,    Hueppe.      Hundswutbacillus.     See  Ba 
cillus  lyssce,  Basteur.      Hygrocrocis    vandelli,   Men- 
eghi.     See  Beggiatoa  alba,   Trevisan.      Hypaeothrix 
kuehniana.       S(  i       Crei  kuhniana.       Indi 

scher  Leuchtbacillus.     See  Bacillus  phosphoresce?! s 
indicus,    Fischer.     Influenzabacillus.     -see   Bacillus 
of     Influenza,     Pfeiffer.       Iodococcus     vaginatus 
Miller.      Found    in    unclean    mouth-,     gives    peculiar 
reaction  with  iodin,  the  sheat  stained    yellow, 

the  cocci  dark  blue.  Jequeritypilz.  See  Bacillus 
of  jequirity  ophthalmia.  Kartoffelbacillus.  Potato 
bacillus,  applied  to  Bacillus  mesentericus  fit. 
lliigge;  Bacillus  mesentericus  ruber,  Globig ;  and 
Bacillus  mesentericus  vulgatus,  Fliigge.  Kasespiril- 
lum.  See  Spirillum  tyrogenum,  I  teneke.  Kefir- 
bacillus.  Kefirferment.  See  Bacillus  caucasi 
Kern.  Keuchhustenpilz,  Burger.  See  Bacillus  tussis 
convulsive,  Afanassiew.  Knauelbildender  Bacillus, 
Ger.  See  Bacillus zopfii.  Koch's  Bacillus,  Koch' 
scher  Bacillus.  Kommabacillus  der  Cholera 
asiaticae.  Koch's  Comma  Bacillus,  Kommaba- 
cillus. See  Spirillum  cholera  asiaiica,  Koch.  Kot- 
bacillen.  Syn.,  Bacilles  des  selles,  Fr.  Bacilli 
of  the  feces.  Krankheiterregende  Bacillen  for 
Bacterien).  Pathogenic  bacilli.  Lanceolate  Coc- 
cus, Lancet-shaped  Micrococcus,  Talamon. 
Bacillus  septicus  sputigenus,  Fliigge.  Leprabacil- 
lus.  See  Bacillus  lepra,  Hansen.  Leptonema 
niveum  See  Beggiatoa  nivea,  Rabenhorst.  Lepto- 
thrix  buccalis.  Robin,  l'ilz  der  Zahncaries,  Ger. 
Syn  Leptothri  x  gigantea ,  M iller.  Leptothrix  pulm.  •>/ - 
alis,  Rasmussenia  buccalis.  Saccardo.  Found  in  the 
mouth  of  man  and  animals,  falsely  considered  the 
cause  of  dental  caries  Leptothrix  buccalis  ot 
Vignal.  See  Bacillus  buccalis  (a),  Vignal.  Lepto- 
thrix epidermidis.  Syn. ,  Bacillus  epidermidis,  Biz- 
zozero.  Microsporon  minutissimum .  Burchart.  Found 
on  the  epidermis  between  the  toes,  and  held  by  Biz- 
zozero  to  be  non-pathogenic,  but  by  Boeck  as  the  cause 
of  erythrasma.  Leptothrix  der  Thranenrohrchen. 
See  Cladothrix  faersteri,  Cohn.  Leptothrix  gi- 
gantea, Miller.  Found  on  the  teeth  of  dogs,  sheep, 
cattle  and  other  animals  affected  with  Pyorrhea 
alveolaris.  Some  consider  it  identical  with  Leptothrix 
buccalis,  Robin.  Leptothrix  hyalina.  Reinsch. 
Found  on  marine  algre.  Leptothrix  innominata, 
Miller.  See,  Leptothrix  buccalis,  Robin.  Lepto- 
thrix kuhniana.  See  Crenothrix  kuhniana  Sac- 
cardo. Leptothrix  lacrimalis.  Syn.  Leptothrix 
der  Thranenrohrchen.  See  Cladothrix  foersteri,  Cohn. 
Leptothrix  lanugo,  Kiitzing.  Found  on  marine 
algas  near  Heligoland.  Leptothrix  maxima  buc- 
calis, Miller.  See  Bacillus  buccalis maximus,  Miller. 
Leptothrix  muralis .  Kiitzing.     See  i  ira- 

sitica.  Leptothrix  natans.  See  Splnrrotilus  natans, 
Saccardo.  Leptothrix  ochracea.  Kiitzing.  Syn. 
Detionella  ochracea,  Saccardo.  Cladothrix  Jichotoma, 
Zopf.  According  to  Zopf,  this  represents  filaments  of 
Cladothrix  stained  with  oxid  of  iron.  Leptothrix 
of  Puerperal  Fever,  Leptothrix  puerperalis,  Fettz. 
See  Bacillus  puerperalis,  Engel  and  Spillman. 
Leptothrix  parasitica,  Kiitzing.      Parasitic  on   fresh 

Abbreviations. — aer.  =  aerobic,  ana'er.  =  anaerobic,  chg.  =  chromogenic.  facanaer.  =  facultative  anaerobic,  tiqf  =  liquefac- 
tive.  monom.  =  monomorphic.  mot.  =  motile,  nliqf.  =  non-liquefactive.  nmot.  =  non-motile,  npg.  =  non-pathogenic- 
obl.  =  obligate,  oscl.  =  oscillating,  pg.  =  pathogenic,  p/ios   =  phosphorescent.   pleom.—  pleomorphic,  sap.  =  saprophytic 


BA<  TERIA 


176 


B  \«  TERIA 


9  al  ["his  and  u  netically 

lected    with   />;.■  mu  .    Kiitzing,   the 

nary    hormogones    of    which    produce    filaments 
known  as  -V  um,  Rabenhorst ;  the  cells  of 

tin-       N  filaments     eventually     separate     and 

Luce  slender  filaments  constituting  Leptothrix 
.  Kiitzing  I  Bennet  and  Murra)  i. 
Leptothrix  pulmonalis.  Sec  Leptothrix 
Robin.  Leptothrix  pusilla,  Rabenhorst.  Found 
on  fresh  water  alg  .  also  in  the  mouth,  Klebs. 
Leptothrix  symplacoides,  Dickie.  Found  on 
marine  algae.  Leptothrix  vaginalis.  Found  in  the 
aimals  and  women.  Leptothrix  varia- 
bilis, Saccardo.  Found  in  saliva  of  healthy  persons. 
Leuconostoc  mesenteroides.  \  an    lie-hem.     Syn., 

.  (  ienkowski.  i  iomme  de 
Sucrerie,  Fr.  Froschlaich,  Froschlaichpilz,  1'ilz  der 
trSngahrung,  Ger.  Frog  spawn  bacterium  of 
sugar  factories,  Frog  -pawn  fungus.  A  source  of 
•  the  manufacturers  of  beet  sugar,  fre- 
quently and  rapidly  converting  large  quantities  of  the 
beet  juice  into  a  mucilagino-gelatinous  mass.  Libor- 
ius's  Bacillus  of  Butyric  Acid  Fermentation, 
Liborius.  Buttersaurebildender  Bacillus,  Ger.  See 
illus  butyricas,  Prazmowski.  Lissophyton  sus- 
pectum,  llallier.  See  Bacillus  lyssa,  Pasteur.  Lues- 
bacillus.  See  Bacillus  syphilides,  Lustgarten.  Luft- 
bacillen.  Syn..  Bacilli  of  the  air.  Bacilles  de  l'air. 
Luftbacterien.  Bacteria  of  the  air.  Lungenseuche- 
micrococcus.  See  Micrococcus  of  bovine  pneumonia, 
Poels  and  Nolen.  Lupusbacillen.  Bacilli  of  lupus, 
identical  with  Bacillui  tu  .  Koch.      Mause- 

septikamieahnlicher  Bacillus,  Eisenberg.     See  Ba- 
parvus.     Melunella  flexuosa,  Borg. 
Spirillum  rugula,  M idler.     Merismopedia  chon- 
droidea.  With,    Merismopedia  glauca.      See  Sar- 
chtii    rent's,   Hepworth.      Merismopedia     goodsirii. 
Sarcina     ventrt    i    .    Goodsir.      Merismopedia 
hyalina.  Kiitzing.     Sarcina  kyalina,  Kiitzing.     Mer- 
ismopedia    litoralis,     Rabenhorst.       See     Sarcina 
lit  oralis,  t  Frstedt.    Merismopedia  reitenbachii,  Cas- 
pary.     See    Sarcina    reitenbachii,   Caspary.      Meris- 
mopedia urinoe,   Rabenhorst.     See  Sarcina    urines, 
Welcker.      Merismopedia  ventriculi,  1  Iusein.     See 
Sarcina  ventriculi,  Goodsir.      Merismopedia  viola- 
cea,      Kiitzing.      See      Sarcina      violacea,      Kiitzing. 
Meerschweinchenbacillus,  Ger.     See  Bacillus  cavi- 
cidus,    Urieger.      Metallacter    anthracis,    Trevisan. 
mthracis,    Pollender     and     Davaine. 
Metallacter     tremulus,      Trevisan.      See     Bacillus 
tremulus,  Koch.      Metallacter  ulna,  Trevisan.      See 
ulna,  Cohn.     Micoderma  cerevisiae,  Trecul. 
haromyces  mycoderma,  Reess.     Microbe   de 
l'hemoglobinurie  du  bceuf,  Zimmerman.   See  Hema- 
toco,   u  .Babes.  Microbe  de  l'araignee.    SeeMi- 

croccocus  mastobius,  Nocard  and  Mollereau.  Microbe 
de  la  bouton  d'Alep,  Microbe  de  la  bouton  de 
Nil,  Microbe  de  la  bouton  d' Orient,  Microbe  de 
la  clou  de  Biskra,  Microbe  de  la  clou  de  Gafsa 
(Po  e  Micrococcus  of  Heydenreich.    Microbe 

de  la  clavelee.  See  Bacterium  of  Sheep-pox. 
Microbe  de  la  dysenterie  epidemique,  Chantemesse 
and  Widal.    -  .<   .&W.    Microbe 

de  la  fievre  jaune,  Freire,  Rebougeon  and  Carmonay 
\  alle.  Syn. ,  Microi  ot  ■  us  i  ( ryptococcus)  xanthogenicus 
Freire,  Micrococcus  of  Freire.  Obtained  from  tin- 
blood  of  yellow  fever  patients;  attenuated  by  heat, 
and  used  by  permission  of  the  Emperor  of  Brazil  (Nov., 
1882)    to    inoculate   several    hundred    persons.      Thi 


organism  described   <  armona  j  \  alle,  appears   to  be 

fungus  not  related  to  the  bacteria.  '  1.  bacillus 
of  yellow  fev(i.  Babes.  Microbe  de  la  fievre 
typhoide,  Tayon.  See  Bacillus  tvplii  abdotninalis, 
f  berth.  Microbe  de  la  flacherie.  Microbe  de  la 
maladie  des  morts-plats.  See  Micrococcus  bomby- 
.  Cohn.  Microbe  de  l'hemoglobinurie  du  boeuf, 
Zimmermann.     See  Hamatoa  Microbe  de 

la  pebrine.  Syn. ,  Bacterium  ovatum,  Lebert ;  Bacillus 
-pasteuriantts,  Hansen;  Micrococcus  ovatus ;  Micrococ- 
cus pasteurianus ;  Nosema  bombycis,  Nageli;  l\m- 
hystophyton  ovatum;  Lebert;  Micrococcus  of  pebrine  ; 
Cornelian  corpuscles  ;  Cornelian  bodies;  Micrococcus 
der  Fleckenkrankheit,  Ger. ;  Corpuscles  du  ver  a  soie} 
Fr.  I  he  specific  microbe  of  a  disease  of  silkworms 
known  for  hundreds  oi  years,  called  pebrine,  gattine, 
petechia,  maladie  des  corpu  id  spotted  disease.     It 

was  particularly  destructive  between  185  '  and  1875. 
According  to  the  investigations  of  Comalia,  Leydig, 
Balbiani,  Pasteur,  and  Metschnikoff,  these  bodies 
belong  to  the  Ps,  r<  ,'  rmic  and  are  not  bacteria  at  all. 
Microbe  del  mal  nero,  Ital.  See  Bacterium  gum- 
mis,  'onus;  or  Bacterium  putredinis,  Davaine. 
Microbe  des  gasigen  Gangrans,  Ger.  See  Bacillus 
adematis  maligni,  Koch.  Microbe  des  pus  blen 
norrhagique,  Weiss,    Fr.      See     Micrococcus     gonor- 

.  Neisser.  Microbe  der  Schweinspocken,  ( .  1 
See  Bacillus  ex pneumo-enteritide  suis,  Klein.  Microbe 
di  morbillo,  Lanzi,  Ital.  Microbe  du  cholera  des 
poules,  Fr. ,  Pasteur.  See  Bacillus  septicaemia  /hemor- 
rhagica, Sternberg.  Microbe  du  lait  bleu,  Fr.  See 
Bacillus  cyanogenus,  Fuchs.  Microbe  du  pus  bleu, 
Fr.  See  Bacillus  pyocyaneus,  Gessard.  Microbe  of 
Friedlander.  See  Bacillus  pneumonia  friedlanderii. 
Microbe  of  Pasteur.  Microbe  septicemique  du 
salive,  Fr.  See  Bacillus  sputigenus  septicus,  Fliigge. 
Micrococci    della   rabbia,    Ital.      See    Micrococcus 

.  and  Bacillus  lyssa,  Pasteur.  Micrococco  dell 
afta  epizootica,  Ital.  See  Streptocytus  of  eczema 
epizootica,  Schottelius.  Micrococcus  aceti.  See 
Bacillus  aceti,  Kiitzing.  Micrococcus  acidi  lactici, 
Marpman.  Found  in  milk;  resembles  in  its  action 
Bacillus  acidi  lactici,  llueppe.  aer. ,  nliqf. ,  nmot. , 
npg.  Cf.  Spharococcus  acidi  lactici,  Marpman.  Mic- ' 
rococcus  acidi  lactici  liquefaciens,  Kriiger.  Found 
in  butter  and  cheese,  aer.,  facanaer.,  liqf-,  nmot. 
Micrococcus  aerogenes,  Miller.  Found  in  the  intes- 
tinal tract  of  man.  aer. , liqf., nmot., npg.  Micro- 
coccus agilis,  Ali-Cohen.  Found  in  drinking  water. 
aer., liqf.,  mot.,  npg.  A  motile  coccus,  provided  with 
a  flagcllum ;  described  by  Menge.  Micrococcus 
agilis  citreus,  Menge.  Micrococcus  (Diplococcus) 
albicans  amplus,  Bumm.  Syn. ,  Neisseria  albicans. 
Frequently  found  in  the  vaginal  secretions,  aer., liqf., 
npg.  Micrococcus  (diplococcus)  albicans  tardus, 
Unna  and  Tommasoli.  Found  in  eczema,  aer.,  nliqf., 
nmot.  Micrococcus  albicans  tardissimus,  Eisen- 
berg, Bumm.  found  in  the  vaginal  secretions  of 
puerperal  women.  aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf.,  npg. 
Micrococcus  liquefaciens.  Von  Besser.  found  in 
the  nasal  secretii  ins  1  »f  healthy  1  iers<  MS.  air. ,  facanaer. , 
liqf.,  npg.  Micrococcus  albus  urinae.  See  Micro- 
us  urinalbus.  Micrococcus  amylovorus,  Bui 
rill  and  Arthur.  Syn.,  Micrococcus  "I  apple  blight. 
Bacterium  "I  pear  blight.  Produces  fermentation  in 
saccharine   fluids,      aer.,  nliqf,   mot.,  (for  apple 

and  pear  trees).  Cf.  Bacillus,  butyricus,  Prazmowski. 
Micrococcus  aquatilis,  Bolton,  bound  frequently 
in  water,     aer. , nliqf ,  npg.     Micrococcus  aquatilis 


Abbreviations. — aer.  =  aerobic,    anaer.  =  anaei  l>z.  =  chromopenic.  facanaer.      facultative  anaerobic     liqf.  ■—  liquefac- 

tive.    monom.  ■     mouomorphic     mot.  =  motile,    nliqf.  —  non-liquefactive.    timet       non-motile,     npg.      non-pathogenic. 
obi.  =  obligate,   oscl.  =  oscillating  pg. -pathogenic,  /i/ios.-    phosphorescent,  pleom.      pleomorphic,   sap.      saprophytic. 


BAC  I  I.KIA 


I- 


l;.\<  1  ERIA 


invisibilis,  Vaughan.  Found  in  water,  aer.,  nliqf, 
npg.  Micrococcus  arei  celsii,  Bucbner  and  Sehlen. 
Syn.,  Bacterium  decalvans,  Thin.  Found  on  the 
diseased  hairs  in  Alopecia  areata.  Cf.  Bacillu 
alopecia  areata,  Kasauli,  and  Microci 
art  a/a, Robinson.  Micrococcus  ascoformans.Jolim-. 
Sec  Micrococcus  botryogenus,  Rabe.  Micrococcus 
aurantiacus,  •  ohn.  Syn.,  Pediococcus  aurantia 
Found  in  water,  air.,  nliqf. ,  chg.  (orange-yellow  j, 
npg.  Micrococcus  bei  hepatitis  enzootica  porcel- 
lorum.  See  Micrococcus  porcellorum.  Micrococcus 
biskrae.  See  Micrococcus  of  Heydenreich.  Micro- 
coccus blennorrhceus.  See  Micrococcus  gonor- 
rhoea, Neisser.  Micrococcus  bombycis,  ('ohn, 
Bechamp.  Syn.,  Streptococcus  bombycis,-  Bechamp. 
Micrococcus  dc  la  maladie  desmorts  plat,  Fr.  Microbe 
de  la  flacherie,  Fr.  Micrococcus  der  Sclilafsucht  der 
Seidenraupen,  <  ier.  Found  in  the  intestinal  tract  of 
silkworms  and  other  Lepidoptera  dead  of  the  epidemic 
disease  known  in  France  as  la  Jlacherie ;  etiologic 
relation  demonstrated  by  Pasteur.  Micrococcus 
botryogenes,  Bollinger,  Rabe.  Syn.,  Bollingera 
equi,  Saccardo  ;  Ascococcus  johnei,  Colin  ;  Micrococcus 
ascoformans,  [ohne ;  Micrococcus  of  myko-desmoids 
of  the  horse.  Found  in  colonies  in  the  connective 
tissue  of  horses  affected  with  "myko-desmoids."  a 
liqf,pg.  Micrococcus  candicans,  Flugge.  Found 
abundantly  in  air  and  water.  aer.,  nliqf.,  npg. 
Micrococcus  candidus,  Cohn.  Found  in  water. 
air.,  nliqf.,  npg.  Micrococcus  capillorum.  Found 
on  the  scalp  and  said  to  alter  the  color  of  the  hair. 
aer.,  i // , .  (reddish-yellow).  Micrococcus  carneus, 
Zimmermann.  Found  in  water,  aer.,  nliqf.,  chg. 
(red  to  violet),  npg.  Micrococcus  cerasinus  siccus, 
List.  aer. ,  nliqf.,  chg.  (cherry  red),  npg.  Micro- 
coccus cereus  albus,  Passet.  Syn.,  Staphylococcus 
cereus  albus.  Passet.  Found  in  the  pus  of  acute 
abscesses, and  by  Tils, in  hydrant  water  (Freiburg),  aer. , 
nliqf,  npg.  Micrococcus  cereus  aureus,  Schroter 
and  Winkler.  Syn.,  Staphylococcus  cereus  aureus,  S. 
and  W.  Found  in  the  thin  secretions  of  coryza.  aer., 
nliqf,  chg.  (orange-red),  npg.  Micrococcus  cereus 
flavus,  Passet.  Syn.,  Staphylococcus  cereus  /7a 
Passet.  Staphylococcus  passetii.  Found  in  an  acute 
abscess.  aer.,  nliqf,  chg.  (lemon-yellow),  npg. 
Micrococcus  chlorinus.  Occurs  in  zooglcea  masses. 
ai:r.,  chg.  (greenish-yellow),  npg.  Micrococcus 
cholerae  gallinarum,  Pasteur.  See  Bacillus  septi- 
cemic hamorrhagicce,  Sternberg.  Micrococcus  cin- 
nabareus,  Flugge.  Syn.,  Streptococcus  cinnabar eus, 
Flugge.  Found  in  air  and  water,  aer. ,  nliqf.,  chg. 
(reddish-brown),  npg.  Micrococcus  citreus,  List. 
Syn.,  Staphylococcus  citreus.  List.  Micrococcus  couleur 
creme,  Fr.  Cremefarbiger  Micrococcus,  Ger.  Found 
in  water,  also  by  Lannelongue  and  Achard  in  the  seat 
of  an  old  osteomyelitis,  aer.,  nliqf,  chg.  (pale- 
yellow),  npg.  Micrococcus  citreus  conglomeratus, 
Bumm.  See  Diplococcus  citreus  conglomeratus,  Bumm  : 
Micrococcus  concentricus,  Zimmermann.  Found 
in  water.  aer.,  nliqf,  sap.,  npg.  Micrococcus 
conglomeratus,  Weichselbaum.  Syn.,  A'eissera  con- 
glomerata,  W.  Micrococcus  coronatus,  Flugge. 
Syn.,  Streptococcus  coronatus,  Fliigge.  Found  in 
the  air.  aer.,  liqf,  npg.  Micrococcus  couleur 
creme,  List.  See  Micrococcus  citreus.  List.  Micro- 
coccus cremoides,  Zimmermann.  Found  in  water. 
aer.,  liqf.,  chg.  (yellowish- white),  npg.  Micro- 
coccus crepusculum,  Cohn.  See  Bacillus  termo, 
Ehrenberg  and  Dujardin.      Micrococcus  cumulatus 


tenuis,  Von  Besser.    Found  in  abundance  in  the  na^,al 
muct  M.     aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf,  npg.      Micro- 

coccus cyaneus,  SchrSter.      <  obtained  from  the  aii . 
boiled  pol  xer.,  chg.  (cobalt  blu-  1  to  car- 

mine i,\  ai  ids,  rest  ired  by  alkalies  |.  Micrococcus  de- 
calvans, S<  Hum  d  ar- 
<lo.  Cf.  Bacillus  of  Alopei  ia  areata,  Kasauli,  Micrococcus 
arei  eehii,  Bt  ind  Sehlen;  Mil  i  Mo- 
pe, ia  areata,  Robinson.  Micrococcus  de  la  mam- 
mite  gangreneuse  de  la  brebis,  Micrococcus  de 
la  mammite  contagieuse  de  la  vache,  Fr.  See 
Micrococcu  mastobiu  ,  Nocard  and  Mollereau.  Micro 
coccus  de  la  necrose  progressive  du  tissue  con- 
nective de  la  souris,  Fr.  See  Mil  roi  oi  i  us  of 
gressive  tissue  necrosis  of  mice,  Koch.  Micrococcus 
de  la  pyemie  du  lapin,  Fr.  See  Micrococcus  of 
pyemia  in  rabbits,  Koch.  Micrococcus  de  le  rage, 
Fr.  See.l/  :  <e, Neisser.  Micrococcus  de 
la  septicemie  consecutive  du  charbon,  Charrin. 
I  ound  in  the  blood  and  ti--ues  of  a  rabbit  inoculated 
with  blood  from  another  rabbit  dead  of  anthrax,  aer., 
mot. .  pg.  Micrococcus  de  la  septicemie  du  lapin, Fr. 
See  Micrococcus  of  septicemia  of  rabbits,  Koch.  Micro- 
coccus de  la  suppuration  progressive  du  lapin, 
Fr.  See  Micrococcus  of  progressive  abscess-forma- 
tion in  rabbits.  Micrococcus  der  Mastitis  der  Kiihe, 
Ger.  See  Micrococcus  mastobius,  Nocard  and  Moller- 
eau. Micrococcus  der  Maul-  und  Klauen- 
seuche.  See  Streptocytus  of  eczema  epizootica,Schot- 
telius.  Micrococcus  des  mort  plats,  Fr. 
Micrococcus  bombycis, Cohn.  Micrococcus  der  Osteo- 
myelitis, Becker.  Sett  Staphylococcus  lur  U  . 
<  >g-ton,  Becker.  Micrococcus  der  Fleckenkrank- 
heit,  (Jer.  See  Microbe  de  la  pebrine,  Pasteur. 
Micrococcus  des  Pende'schen  Geschwurs. 
Micrococcus  of  Heydenreich.  Micrococcus  desi- 
dens,  Flugge.  See  Micrococcus  flavus  desidens, 
Flugge.  Micrococcus  des  roten  Schweisses. 
See  Micrococcus  hcematodes,  Babes.  Micrococcus 
diffluens,  Schroter.  Found  in  the  air,  dust,  and 
in  excrement;  common.  aer. ,  nliqf ,  chg.  (yellow, 
with  a  greenish  fluorescence;  not  modified  by  acids). 
Resembles  Bacillus  fluorescens  putidus,  Fliigge. 
Micrococcus  diphtheriticus,  Oertel,  Cohn,  Loftier. 
Syn.,  Streptococcus  articulorum,  Loftier.  Micrococcus 
en  chaines,  Fr.  Kettenbildender  Bacillus,  Ger., 
Loftier.  Found  in  the  false  membranes,  and  in  the 
ti--ues  of  diphtheria  patient-;  Comil  identities  this 
with  Micrococcus  pyogenes,  Rosenbach.  aer.,  nliqf. . 
Micrococcus  doyenii.  See  Micrococcus  urines  albus 
olearius,  Doyen.  Micrococcus  en  chaines.  Loftier. 
See  Micrococcus  diphtheriticus,  ( >ertel,  Cohn.  Micro- 
coccus endocarditicus.  Syn.,  Streptococcus endocardi- 
ticus.  Micrococcus  endocarditidis  rugatus,  Weich- 
selbaum. Found  in  a  case  of  ulcerative  endocarditis. 
aer.,  nliqf,  pg.  Micrococcus  erysipelatis.  Micro- 
coccus erysipelatos.  Micrococcus  erysipelatosus, 
Fehleisen.  See  Micrococcus  pyogenes.  Rosenbach. 
Micrococcus  fermenti.  See  Micrococcus  viniperda. 
Micrococcus  fervidosus,  Adametz.  Found  in 
water,  air.,  nliqf  ,ngp.  Micrococcusfickii.  Found 
in  healthy  and  diseased  eve-  Micrococcus  finlay- 
ensis,  Sternberg.  <  obtained  from  the  viscera  of  a 
yellow-fever  cadaver,  aer.,  liqf,  chg.  (pale-yellow), 
npg.  Micrococcus  flavus.  See  Micrococcus  fla 
liquefaciens,  Flugge.  Micrococcus  flavus  desidens, 
Fliigge.  Found  in  air  and  water,  aer..  liqf-.  chg. 
(yellowish-brown) ,  npg.  Micrococcus  flavus  lique- 
faciens, Flugge.     Syn.,    Mi             u    flavu  .  Micrococ- 


Abbreviations. — aer.  =■-  aerobic,     an  aer.  =  anaerobic,    chg-.  =  chromogenic.  facanaer.  =  facultative  anaerobic.    liqf.=  liqtiefac- 
tive.     monom.  =  monomorphic.     mot.  —  motile,     nliqf.  =  non-liquefactive.     nmot.  =  non-motile,     npg.  =  non-pathogenic 
obi  =obligate.   osct.  =  oscillating.  pg.  =  pathogenic,  phns.  =  phosphorescent,  pleom.  =  pleomorphic,    sap.  =  saprophytic. 

12 


l;  \<  l  ERIA 


17- 


l;  \i   I  ERIA 


cus  liqu  Found  in  air  and  water.    air.,  liqf., 

yellow    .    >■■'..         Micrococcus    tiavus    tardi 
gradus,     Flugge.       Syn.,     Micrococcus    tardigradus. 
Found   in   the  air  and  water,      air.,  nliqf.,  chg.  (dark 
olivi  Micrococcus  fcetidus,  Klamann, 

jenbach.      Found    in  the  posterior  nares   oi    man. 
Micrococcus  fervidosus,  Adametz. 
Found    in  water  .    nliqf.,  npg.       Micrococcus 

freudenreichii,  Guillebeau.  One  of  the  two  forms 
found  by  Guillebeau  to  produce  ropiness  in  milk,  air., 
Uqj  .  Cf.  Bacterium  hessii,  Guillebeau.     Micro- 

coccus friedlanderii.  Sec  Bacillus  pneumonia 
frie  Micrococcus   fulvus.  Cohn.     Syn., 

us  fulvus.  Found  in  horse  and  rabbit 
dung,  aer. ,  nmot.,  nliqf,  chg.  (rose),  npg.  Micro- 
coccus fuscus,  Maschek.  Found  in  water,  air., 
nmot.,  liqf.,  chg.  (sepia-brown),  npg.  Micrococcus 
galliciius.  See  Bacillus  septicemia  hemorrhagica, 
Sternberg.  Micrococcus  gelatinosus.  Found  in 
milk,  which  it  causes  t<>  coagulate  at  about  2Z°  * '. 
Micrococcus  gingivae  pyogenes.  Miller.  Found  in 
the  mouth  of  a    man  affected  with  alveolar  abscess. 

,    facanair.,    nliqf.,  pg.       Micrococcus    gon- 

orrhceae,  Neisser.    Micrococcus blennorrhams,  Neissera 

.   Micrococcus  gonococcus,   Microbe  du   pus 

bleunorrhagique,  Weiss,   Fr.     Trippercoccus,  Gonor- 

rhoecQccus,  Ger.      Found  in  gonorrheal  pus.  aer.    No 

vth  on  gelatin  ;  an  obligate  parasite,  pg.  Micro- 
coccus griseus,  Winter.  See  Bacterium  griseum, 
Warming.  Micrococcus  haematodes.  Babes.  Syn., 
Micrococcus  of  red  sweat.  Micrococque  de  la  sueur 
rouge,  Fr.  Micrococcus  des  roten  Schweisses,  Ger. 
Found  in  foul  sweat  from  the  axilla,  air.,  chg.  (red), 
npg.      Micrococcus  havaniensis,  Sternberg.      Syn., 

; litis  havaniensis,  Sternberg.  <  obtained  by  Stern- 
berg in  his  investigation  of  yellow  fever,  aer. ,  nliqf, 
chg.  (blood-red).  Only  found  in  the  presence  of  free 
oxygen.      Micrococcus  imetrophus,  Trevisan.      See 

illus  prodigiosus,  Fhrenberg.  Micrococcus 
indicus,  Koch.  See  Bacillus  indicus,  Koch.  Mi- 
crococcus influenzae,  Letzerich.  Syn.,  Streptococ- 
cus seiferti,  Micrococcus  of  influenza,  Seifert. 
Bacillus  of  influenza,  Pfeiffer.  Micrococcus  insec- 
torum,  Burrill,  Streptococcus  insectorum.  Found  in 
the  cecal  appendages  or  pancreatic  organs  in  the  Chinch 
bug  [Blissus  teueopterus ,  Say)  and  the  higher  Ilemip- 
tera  Especially  recommended  as  a  remedy  for  the 
Chinch  bug  and  for  Halticus  minutus,  so  damaging  to 
the  peanut.  Micrococcus  intercellularis  meningi- 
tidis, Neumann  and  Schaffer.  Syn.,  Micrococcus 
meningitidis,  Neumann.  Neisseria  Weichselbaumii. 
Found  in  the  tissues  of  the  brain  and  spinal  cord  in 
cases  of  cerebro  spinal  meningitis.  Micrococcus 
lacteus  faviformis,   I'umm.      Syn. ,  Neisseria  lac/a. 

|uently  found  in  normal  vaginal  mucus,  air., 
nliqf.,  npg.  Micrococcus  lactis  viscosus,  Conn. 
Syn  ,  Micrococcus  of  bitter  milk.  Conn.  The  cause 
of  the  bitter  taste  of  milk  and  cream,  aer.,  liqf, 
nmot.,  npg.  Micrococcus  liquefaciens.  See 
Micrococcus flavus liquefa  n  ,  Flugge.  Micrococcus 
lcewenbergii.  Syn.,  Micrococcus  of  ozena,  Micro 
cocque  de  l'ozene,  Fr.  Found  in  the  secretions,  in 
case?,  of  ozena,  aer. ,  liqf. ,  pg.  Micrococcus  luteus, 
Cohn.  Found  in  water,  the  superficial  soil,  'lust  of 
bed- room-,  moist  foods,  etc.  air.,  nliqf,  chg.  (yel- 
low),    npg.      Micrococcus  lyssae,     Neisser.     Syn., 

reria  lyssa,  Micrococcus  of  hydrophobia,  Micro 
coccus  of  rabies,  Fol.  Micrococcus  de  la  rage,  Fr. 
Found  in    the    spinal    cord   of  rabid  animals.      Cornil 


and  Babes  throw  doubt  on  the  culture  experiments  of 
Fol.     Micrococcus  major.  Doyen.    See  Micrococcus 
urina   major,    Doyen.        Micrococcus    manfredii 
Syn.,  Streptococcus  manfredii.      Micrococcus  ol    pro 

ssive  granuloma  formation  Found  in  the  sputum 
of  two  cases  of  pneumonia  following  measles;  air., 
nliqf, pg.  Micrococcus  mastobius,  Nocard,  Mol- 
lereau and  Kitt.  Syn. ,  Streptococcus  nocardi.  Micro 
coccus  of  bovine  mastitis,  Kitt.  Micrococcus  of 
mastitis  in  COWS.  Streptococcus  of  mastitis  in  cows. 
Micrococcus  of  contagious  mammitis.  Micrococcus 
of  gangrenous  mastitis  in  sheep,  Nocard.  Microbe 
de  la  mal  de  pis.  Microbe  de  l'araignee,  Micrococcus 
de  la  mammite  contagieuse  de  la  vache,  Nocard  and 
Mollereau,  Fr.  Micrococcus  der  Mastitis  der  Kiihe, 
(ler.  Obtained  from  the  milk  of  cows  and  sheep 
affected  with  mastitis,  air.,  facanair.  The  form  found 
in  cattle  is  said  to  be  non-liquefactive ;  that  of  sheep 
liquefies  both  gelatin  and  blood  serum.  Sternberg  re- 
cognizes three  distinct  forms  producing  mastitis. 
Micrococcus  meningitidis,  Neumann.  See  Micro- 
coccus intercellularis  meningitidis,  Neumann  and 
Schaffer.  Micrococcus  meningitidis  purulentae, 
Heydenreich.  Micrococcus  morbillosus.  Syn., 
Streptococcus  morbillosus.  Micrococcus  nasalis, 
Hack.  Found  in  the  cavuin  pharvngonasale.  air., 
mot.,  nliqf.,  npg.  Micrococcus  nitrificans,  Van 
Tieghem.  Syn.,  Micrococque  de  la  fermentation 
de  l'ammoniaque.  Found  in  water,  air.,  npg.  Mi- 
crococcus, II,  of  Fischel.  Found  in  the  blood 
of  two  cases  of  influenza,  air. ,  facanair.,  liqf., 
pg.  Micrococcus  oblongus.  See  Bacterium  ob- 
longata, Boutroux.  Micrococcus  ochroleucus, 
Prove  and  I.egrain.  Syn.,  Streptococcus  ochroleucus. 
Found  in  urine,  aer.,  nliqf .,  chg.  (sulphur  yellow), 
npg.  Micrococcus  of  Acute  Infectious  Osteo- 
myelitis. See  Micrococcus  pyogenes  aureus,  Rosen- 
bach.  Micrococcus  of  Alopecia  areata,  Yon 
Sehlen,  Robinson,  Yaillard  and  Vincent.  Found 
on  the  hairs  from  the  diseased  patches,  aer.,  liqf, 
pg.  Cf.  Bacillus  of  Alopecia  areata,  and  Micrococcus 
decalvans.  Schroter.  Micrococcus  of  Ammoniacal 
Urine.  See  Micrococcus  urea,  Cohn,  and  Micrococ- 
cus urea  liquefaciens,  Flugge.  Micrococcus  of 
Apple  Blight.  See  Bacillus  butyricus,  Botkin,  Praz- 
mowski,  etc.  Micrococcus  of  Beri-beri,  Lacerda. 
See  Bacillus  beribericus,  Lacerda.  Micrococcus 
of  Biskra  Button.  See  Micrococcus  of  Heyden- 
reich. Micrococcus  of  Bitter  Milk.  See  Micro- 
coccus, lactis  viscosus.  Conn.  Micrococcus  of 
Bronchitis,  Picchini.  Three  distinct  forms,  air., 
nliqf.  Cf.  Bacillus  of  Lumnitzer.  Micrococcus 
of  Bovine  Mastitis,  Kitt.  See  Micrococcus  mas- 
tobius, Nocard,  Mollereau  and  Kitt.  Micrococcus 
of  Bovine  Pneumonia,  Poels  and  Nolen.  Syn., 
Lungenseuchemicrococcus,  Micrococcus  ol  cattle 
pneumonia,  found  in  the  lungs  ol  cattle  suffering 
from  infectious  pleuropneumonia.  aer.,  nliqf,  /;r. 
Micrococcus  of  Cerebro-spinal  Meningitis.  See 
Micrococcus  Intercellularis  Meningitidis.  Neumann 
and  Schaffer.  Micrococcus  of  Chicken  Pox.  See 
Staphylococcus  viridii  flavescens,  Guttmann.  Micro- 
coccus   of   Contagious    Mammitis.       See    ML 

it.  mastobius,  Nocard,  Mollereau,  and  Kitt. 
Micrococcus  of  Cow  Pox.  See  Micrococcus  vari 
ol,r  et  vaccina,  Cohn.  Micrococcus  of  Dantec. 
Obtained  from  salted  codfish  which  had  turned 
red.  aer.,  nliqf,  chg.  (yellow,  changing  to  deep 
red),  npg.    Micrococcus  of  Demme.    See  Diplococ- 


Abbreviations. — aer.  =  aerobic,  ana'er.  =  anaerobic,  chg.  —  chromofjenic.  facanair.  'facultative  anaerobic,  tit//.  —  licjiie- 
factive.  monom.  —  monomorphic.  oi.it  motile,  nliqf.  — ■  non-1  ique  fact  ive  nmot.  non-motile.  npg.~ non-pathogenic. 
obi.  =  obligate,   oscl.  —  oscillating,   fig. <=  pathogenic.  phos.*~ phosphorescent,  pleom.  —  pleomorphic,   sap.  ""saprophytic. 


BA<    i  I.KIA 


179 


BA(   1  ERIA 


cus  of  pemphigus  acutus,  Demme.      Micrococcus  of 
Dental   Caries.      Sec    Leptothrix  Robin; 

LeptotkHx gigantea,  Miller;  Miller's  Epsilon  Bacillus, 
and  Spirillum  dentium,  Arnt.  Micrococcus  of 
Dengue,  McLaughlin.  See  Scheutzia  laughlini. 
Micrococcus  of  Diphtheria.  Streptococcic  articu- 
lorum,  Loffler.  Micrococcus  of  Disse  and  Ta- 
guchi.  Syn.,  Tokiobacillen.  Obtained  from  th< 
blooci,  the  secretions  of  broad  condyloma,  as  well 
as  the  primary  indurations  of  syphilitics.  Etiologic 
relations  not  confirmed.  Micrococcus  of  Drink- 
ing Water.  See  Micrococcus  aquatilis,  Bolton. 
Micrococcus  of  Egyptian  Ophthalmia.  See 
Micrococcus  of  Trachoma,  Sattler  and  Michel.  Mi- 
crococcus of  Endocarditis.  Sec  Streptoco,  u 
endocarditicus  and  Micrococcus  endocarditicus  ru- 
gatus,  Weichselbaum.  Micrococcus  of  Erysipelas, 
Fehleisen.  See  Micrococcus  pyogenes,  Rosenbach. 
Micrococcus  of  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease. 
Syn.,  Strcptocytus  of  eczema  epizootica,  Schottclius, 
Slreptocytus  apthicola,  llallier.  Micrococcus  der 
Maul-  and  Klauenseuche,  Ger.  Micrococco  dell 
afta  epizootica,  Ital.  Found  in  the  vesicular  erup- 
tions about  the  mouth  and  feet  of  cattle,  pigs,  and 
sheep.  Communicable  to  man.  aer. ,  facanaer.  Patho- 
genesis not  fully  settled.  Cf.  Bacillus  of  ulcerative 
stomatitis  of  cattle.  Micrococcus  of  Forbes.  Found 
in  the  bodies  of  larvae  of  the  cabbage  butterfly,  Pieris 
rupee,  affected  with  an  infectious  disease.  Micrococ- 
cus of  Fowl  Cholera.  See  Bacillus  septicemia 
hcemorrhagiccB,  Sternberg.  Micrococcus  of  Freire. 
See  Mn  robe  de  l<i  tievte  jaune,  Domingo  Freire. 
Micrococcus  of  Furuncle,  Pasteur.  See  Bacillus 
osteomyelitidis,  Becker  and  Kraske.  Micrococcus 
of  Gangrenous  Mastitis  in  Sheep,  Micrococcus 
of  Gangrenous  Mammitis.  See  Micrococcus  masto- 
bius.  Nocard,  Mollereau  and  Kitt.  Micrococcus 
of  Gonorrhea.  See  Micrococcus  gonorrhoea ',  Xeisser. 
Micrococcus  of  Gray  Parrot  Disease.  See  Micro- 
coccus psittaci,  Eberth  and  Wolff.  Micrococcus  of 
Heydenreich.  Syn.,  Streptococcus  biskt\e.  Micro- 
coccus of  Biskra  Button.  Clou  de  Biskra,  Duclaux. 
Microbe  de  la  bouton  de  Nil,  Chantemesse,  Microbe 
de  la  clou  de  Gafsa.  Microbe  de  la  bouton 
d'Alep,  Poucet.  Microbe  de  la  bouton  d' Orient, 
Fr.  Micrococcus  of  Biskra  button,  Fr.  Pendjeh- 
geschwiir,  Ger.  Found  in  the  tumors  and  ulcers 
characteristic  of  Aleppo  boil  or  Biskra  button,  aer. , 
tit//.,  pg.  Micrococcus  of  Hydrophobia.  See 
Micrococcus  lyssie,  Pasteur.  Micrococcus  of  Infec- 
tious Osteomyelitis.  See  Micrococcus  pyogenes 
aureus,  Rosenbach,  and  Micrococcus  osteomyelitidis, 
Becker  and  Kraske.  Micrococcus  of  Influenza, 
Seifert,  Streptococcus  seiferti.  See  Micrococcus  influen- 
zcb,  Letzerich.  Micrococcus  of  Kirchner.  <  Obtained 
from  the  sputum  of  patients  suffering  with  influenza. 
aer.,pg.  Micrococcus  of  Manfredi.  See  Micrococ- 
cus manfredii.  Micrococcus  of  Mastitis,  Kitt. 
See  Micrococcus  mastobius,  Nocard  and  Mollereau. 
Microccocus  of  Measles,  Klebs  and  Keating.  Syn. 
Streptococcus  morbillosus,  Micrococcus  morbillo  i 
Found  in  the  blood  and  exudates  of  persons  afflicted 
with  measles.  Fliigge  considers  them  unimportant. 
Micrococcus  of  Myko  desmoids  of  the  Horse. 
See  Micrococcus  botryogenes,  Rabe.  Micrococcus  of 
Osteomyelitis.  See  Micrococcus  /'■■..  n  aureus, 
<  tgston.  Micrococcus  of  Ozena.  See  Micrococcus 
loeivenbergii.  Micrococcus  of  Pear  Blight,  Burrill. 
See  Bacillus  butyricus,  Prazmowski.      Micrococcus 


of  Pebrine.  See  Microbe  de  la  jxibrine,  Pasteur. 
Micrococcus  of  Pneumonia.  u  illus  pneu- 

monia friedlanderii  and  Micrococcus  septicus,  Fliigge. 
Micrococcus  of   Progressive  Abscess  Formation 
in  Rabbits,  Koch.     Syn.,  Micrococcus  de  la  suppura- 
tion  progressive  du   lapin.      li       Found  in  the  exu- 
dates ot  rabbits  inoculated  with  putrefying  blood. 
Micrococcus  of  Progressive  Granuloma  Forma 
tion.     See  Micrococcus  manfredii.     Micrococcus  of 
Progressive  Tissue  Necrosis  in  Mice,  Koch.    >yn., 
Micrococcus  de  la  necrose  pi  gi         <•  du  tissue  i 
n<  i  live  de  la  souris.      I  ound  in  the  exudates  of    mice 
inoculated  with  putrid  blood,     pg.      Micrococcus  of 
Pyemia  in  Rabbits,  Koch.      Found  in   the  exudates 
of  rabbits  inoculated    with  putrefying  flesh  infusion. 
pg.     Micrococcus  of  Rabies,  Fol.      See  Micrococcus 

.  Neisser.  Micrococcus  of  Red  Sweat. 
Mn  rut  ok  us  /nematodes.  Babes.  Micrococcus  of 
S.  Le  M.Moore.  See  Bacillus  fcetidus,  Liborius. 
Micrococcus  of  Salvioli.  See  Bacillus  sep:, 
sputigenu  ,  Fliigge.  Micrococcus  of  Scarlet  Fever, 
I'ohl  and  Pincus.  See  Micrococcus  scarlatina-.  Mi- 
crococcus of  Septicemia  in  Rabbits,  Koch,  ^yn., 
Streptot  :>  ■■/  Kb,  liii .  Micrococcus  de  la  septicemic  du 
lapin.  Fr.  Found  in  the  exudates  of  rabi  it-  inocu- 
lated with  putrefying  flesh-infusion,  pg.  Micrococ- 
cus of  Smallpox.  See  Microcot  cus  variola  ttvaa  ina, 
Colin.  Micrococcus  of  Sputum  Septicemia.  See 
Bacillus  septicus  sputigenus,  Fliigge.  Micrococcus 
of  Swine  Plague  or  Hog  Cholera.  Set  Bacilli) 
swine  plague,  Marseilles,  Rietsch  and  Jobert,  and 
Bacillus  ex  pneumo-enteritide  suis,  Klein.  Micro- 
coccus of  Syphilis,  rlaberkorn  and  Marcus,  found 
in  the  white  blood  corpuscles  in  cases  of  syphilis,  aer., 
osc.,chg.  (red).  Micrococcus  of  Trachoma,  battler 
and  Michel.  Syn.,  Neisseria  rebellis.  Trachomcoc- 
cus,  Ger.  Micrococcus  of  Egyptian  ophthalmia. 
Found  in  the  secretions  and  nodules  of  the  conjunctiva 
in  cases  of  trachoma,  aer. ,  nliqf.,pg.  Researches 
Baumgarten  and  Kartulis  go  to  show  that  this  form 
has  no  etiologic  relation  to  the  diseases  mentioned. 
Micrococcus  of  Vaccinia.  See  Micrococcus  variola: 
et  vaccina-,  Cohn.  Micrococcus  of  whooping 
cough,  Letzerich.  Found  in  the  sputum  in  cases  of 
whooping  cough.      See  Bacillus  tussis  .  Afa- 

nassiew.  Micrococcus  olearius.  See  Micrococcus 
utina  flarms  olearius.  Micrococcus  osteomyelitidis, 
Becker.  Syn. ,  Micrococcus  of  acute  infectious  osU  o- 
myelitis.    See  Micrococcus pyt  cus,  Rosenbach. 

Micrococcus  ovalis,  Escherich.  Found  in  the  meco- 
nium and  feces  of  infants,  aer.  ,  facanaer. ,  nliqf.  ,  npg. 
Micrococcus  ovatus.  See  Microbe  de  la  pib\ 
Pasteur.  Micrococcus  pasteuri,  Sternberg. 
Bacillus  septicus  sputigenus,  Fliigge.  Micrococcus 
petechialis.  Syn.,  Neisseria peleckialis.  Micrococ- 
cus pfliigeri,  Ludwig.  See  Photobacterium  pfliigeri, 
Ludwig.  Micrococcus  phosphoreus,  Cohn.  See 
Bacillus  phosphor  ;<■ .  < '.  >bn.  Micrococcus  plumosus, 
Brautigam.  Found  in  water,  aer., nliqf. , npg.  Mi- 
crococcus pneumoniae  crouposae,  Sternberg.  See 
Bacillus  septicu  putigenus,  Fliigge.  Micrococcus 
pneumoniae  infectiosae,  Friedlander.  See  Bacillus 
pneumonia-  friedlanderii.  Micrococcus  porcellorum. 
Syn.,  Micrococcus  bei  Hepatitis  enzootica  porcellorum. 
i  ;<  r.  Found  in  hogs  affected  with  hepatitis  |  Russia  . 
aer.,  Hat.,  pg.  Micrococcus  prodigiosus,  Cohn. 
See  Bacillus  prodigiosus,  Ehrenberg.  Micrococcus 
pseudo-cyanus,  <  ohn.  Found  in  boiled  potatoes 
exposed    to    air.        aer.,   dig.    (verdigris  green   .    t 


Abbreviations.— aer.  =  aerobic,  anaer.  =  anaerobic,  cite.  =  chromogenie.  facanaer.  =  facultative  anaerobic,  liqf.  —  liquefec- 
tive.  mottotn.  =  monomorphic.  >>/<>/.  =  motile,  nliqf.  =  non-liquefactive.  ttmol.  =  non-motile,  npg.  —  non-pathogen  jc. 
obi.  =  obligate.  oscl.  =  oscillating,  pg.  =  pathogenic,  phos.  =  phosphorescent,  pleom.  =  pleomorphic.  sap.=  saprophytic 


BAC1  ERIA 


180 


BACTERIA 


Not  sufficiently  known.    Micrococcus  psittaci, Wult" 
Syn. ,  St  ■  I    m  rth  and 

Wolf.     Micrococcus  of  gray  parrot  disease.      Mia 

us   der    Papageimyco         Ger.      rhe    cause  oi  a 
dis  !   ^  I  cholera  ;    fatal  to 

many  of  the  parrots  imported  from  Guinea  into  1  un 
Micrococcus    putridus.      A  form    emitting    a    fetid 
gas     from     gelatin      when     mixed     with     iodoform 
Micrococcus   pyocyaneus,  Gessard.     See  Bacillus 
ml.      Micrococcus    pyogenes, 
Rosenbach.    Syn.,  St  cus 

.  Von    Lingelsheim. 
.)//  ipelatis  \  .  Streptococcus  *>! 

pus.     5  .    \  rai    Streptococque   de 

rerysipi  kettenkokkus,  *  rer. .  Micrococcus 

of  erysipelas,  Fehleisen.      Found  in  the  pus  oi   ai 

-.  .m  1  in  the  skin  in  cases  of  erysipelas,    aer., 

meter.,  nliq/.,  pg.  Micrococcus  pyogenes  al- 
bus,  Rosenbach.  Syn.,  Staphylococcus  pyogenes  alius, 
Passet.  ndermidis    a/bus,    Welch. 

1  i   quently  found  in  company  with   .'/.     ococcus 

The  cause  of  *' stitch  abscesses."  aer., 
liqf..  fig.  Micrococcus  pyogenes  aureus,  Rosen- 
bach. Syn.,  Staphylococci  aureus.  Stafilo- 
no  aureo,  Ital.  Staphylococque  dore,  Fr. 
ier  rraubencoccus,  Ger.  Micrococcus  of  infec- 
tion- osteomyelitis.  The  species  most  frequently  found 
in  pus.  *  ibtained  from  various  suppurations,  boils,  an 
thrax,  osteomyelitis,  ulcerative  endocardititis,  phleg- 
mon, etc.  a  .  ■  .  chg.  (brilliant  golden 
yell-  Micrococcus  pyogenes  citreus,  Passet. 
Syn.,     Staphylococcus     citreus,    Passet.      Microco 

flavus.     Found  associated  with  the  forms  first 
described  in  acute  abscesses  and  with  Bacillus  tuber- 
is,     Koch,     aer.,    facanaer.,    Ha/.,  chg.    (lem>>n 
yellow),  pg.      I  [eld  by  some  to  he  but  a  variety  of  Mi- 
nes aureus.     Micrococcus  pyogenes 
tenuis,   Rosenbach.     Syn.,    Micrococcus   rosenbachii. 

ind  in  pus.     Culture  thin,  varnish-like ;    patho 
nesis   not  settled.      Cf.    Micrococcus  septicu  ,  Fliigge. 
Micrococcus    pyogenes     ureae    flavus,     Rorsing. 

md  in  purulent  urine.  Cf.  Diplococcus  pyogenes 
Lorsing;  Diplococcus  urcc  trifoliatus,  Rorsing. 
Micrococcus  pyosepticus,  Richet.  Syn.,  Staphylo- 
coccus pyosepticus,  Hericourt  and  Richet.  Obtained 
from  a  carcinomatous  tumor  in  a  dog.  aer. ,  lit//-, 
pg.      Resembles    Mi  is,    Roseh- 

i.  Micrococcus  radiatus,  Flugge.  Syn.,  Strep- 
tococcus radiatus,  Flugge.  Found  in  air  and  water. 
aer.,  liq/.,  npg.  Micrococcus  rheumarthritidis, 
Kiissmaul.  See  Bacillus  rheumarthritidis,  Kiiss- 
maul.  Micrococcus  rosenbachii.  See  Micro- 
coccus pyogenes  tenuis,  Rosenbach.  Micrococcus 
rosettaceus,  Zimmcrmann.  Found  in  water,  aer., 
nliq/.,  npg.  Micrococcus  roseus,  Eisenberg. 
1  lund  in  the  sputum  of  a  person  suffering  from  influ- 
enza, aer. , /acanaer. ,liq/.t  chg.  (pinl  |,  n/  Micro- 
coccus roseus,  liumm.  See  Diplococcus  ros 
I'.umm.  Micrococcus  roseus,  Maggiora,  Flugge. 
Syn.,  Neis  eriarosea.  Found  on  the  skin,  aer.,  > 
M  crococcus  salivarius  pyogenes,  Biondi.  Syn., 
Staphylococcus  varius pyo  en,  ,  Biondi.  Found  in  an 
abscess  produced  in  a  guinea-pig  by  inoculation  with 
saliva  from  a  child  affected  with  anginose  scarlatina. 
Micrococcus  salivarius  septicus, 
Biondi.  obtained  from  animals  after  inoculation  with 
saliva  from  a  person  with  puerperal  septicemia,  aer., 
nliq/.,pg.    Cf.   Microco,  pticus.     Micrococ- 

cus scarlatinae,  Micrococcus  scarlatinosus,  Coze 


and  Feltz.  Syn.,  Perroncitoa  scarlatinosa.  Micro- 
ti-.i  scarlet  lever,  l'ohl  and  Pincus.  Found  in  the 
blood  on  the  desquamating  skin,  and  on  the  palate  of 
scarlet  fever  patients;  resembles  Micrococcus  septicus, 
Fliiggi  I  t.  Streptococcus  rubiginosus,  Edington, and 
Bacillus  of  scarlet  fever,  Crooke.  Micrococcus 
septicus,  (ohn.  See  Bacillus  septicemia  hemor- 
rhagica, Sternberg.  Micrococcus  septicus,  Flugge. 
Syn.,  Streptococcus  septicus,  Fliigge,  and  Streptococcus 
py,  Jaccardo,  Streptococcus  pneumonia,  Weich- 

selbaum.  Found  in  soil,  aer.,  nliq/.,pg.  Micro- 
coccus septopyaemicus.  Syn.,  Strepto  repto- 
py amicus.  Obtained  from  cases  oi  phlegmonous  angina 
and  erysipelas  of  the  larynx,  air.,  nliq/.,  pg.  Re 
sembles  Mi  septicus,  Fliigge.  Micrococcus 
sialosepticus.  Found  in  the  saliva  in  a  case  of  puer- 
peral septicemia,  aer.,  nliq/.,  pg.  Cf.  Mi 
salivarius  septicus,  Biondi.  Micrococcus  subflavus, 
Flugge,  Neisser.  Syn. ,  Neisseria  subfilava.  Yellowish- 
white  micrococcus  or  diplococcus,  Bumm.  Diplococ- 
jaune  blanc,  Fr.  Obtained  from  the  lochia  of 
puerperal  women,  and  from  vaginal  mucus,  aer., 
liq/.,  pg.  Micrococcus  suis,  Burrill.  See  Bacil- 
lus tardigradus.  Micrococcus  tardigradus.  See 
Micrococcus  flavus  tardigradus,  Fliigge.  Micro- 
coccus tetragenes,  Micrococcus  tetragenus, 
Gaffky.  §yn.,Gaffkya  tetragenus, Saccaxdo.  <  Ibtained 
from  a  cavity  in  the  lung  of  a  person  with  pulmonary 
tuberculosis,  aer..  facanaer.,  nliq/., pg.  Micrococ- 
cus tetragenus,  Marotta.  Constantly  found  in  small- 
pox vehicles  and  pustules,  aer  ,  liq/.,  pg.  Produces 
vaccinia  in  calves.  Micrococcus  tetragenus  febris 
flavae,  Finlay.  Syn.,  Micrococcus  tetragenus versatilis, 
Sternberg.  <  Ibtained  from  the  excrements  of  mosqui- 
toes which  had  drawn  blood  from  yellow  fever  pa 
tients;  also  from  the  surface  of  the  body  in  the  same 
disease,  (Sternberg),  aer.,  liq/., chg.  (lemon-yellow  I, 
npg.  Micrococcus  tetragenus  subflavus.  Von 
Messer.  Found  in  nasal  mucus.  aer.,  facanaer.  (no 
growth  in  gelatin),  npg.  Micrococcus  tetragenus 
mobilis  ventriculi,  Mendosa.  Found  in  the  contents 
of  the  stomach  of  man.  aer.,  nliq/.,  mot., npg.  Micro- 
coccus tetragenus  versatilis,  Sternberg.  See  Micro- 
coccus tetragenus  febris  flava,  Finlay.  Micrococcus 
.  toxicatus,  Burrill.  Syn.,  Micrococcus  variola-  el  vac- 
cina, Cohn.  Streptococcus  toxicatus,  Burrill.  Found  in 
the  poison  of  the  j >•  >i -<  > 1 1  ivy,  Rhus  toxicodendron.  Mi 
crococcus  ulceris  mollis.  See  Bacillus  of  chancroid, 
Ducrey.  Micrococcus  ureae,  <  Ohn.  Syn.,  Bacterium 
urea,  ( 'ohn.  Streptoeo, ,  us  urea.  Torula  urea,  Pasteur. 
Found  in  urine,  in  which  it  produces  ammoniacal  fer 
mentation.  Micrococcus  ureae,  Pasteur  and  \  an 
Tieghem.  Found  in  the  air  and  in  ammoniacal  urine. 
aer.,  facanaer. ,  nliq/., npg.  Possibly  the  las)  two  forms 
and  the  Bacterium  w  ,  a  .  Jak  sch,  are  identical.  Micro- 
coccus ureae  liquefaciens,  Flugge.  Syn.,  Streptococ- 
cus athebius.  Found  in  ammoniacal  urine,  aer.,  fac- 
anaer., liqf-,  npg.  Micrococcus  urinalbus.  Syn., 
Micrococcus  alius  urina.  Found  in  the  urine  in  cases 
of  pyelonephritis  and  cystitis.  Micrococcus  urinae 
albus  olearius.  Doyen.  Syn.,  Micrococcus  doyenii. 
Found  under  the  same  circumstances  as  the  la-t  form. 
aer.,  liq/.  Micrococcus  urinae  flavus  olearius, 
Doyen.  Syn.,  Micrococcus  olearius.  hound  in  the 
urine  of  cystitis,  with  the  two  preceding  forms,  aer., 
In//'.,  chg.  (golden-yellow).  Micrococcus  urinae 
major,  Doyen.  Syn.,.lA  wa/or.  Found  in  same 
circumstances  as  the  three  preceding  form-..  Micro- 
coccus variolas,  Micrococcus  variolae  et  vaccinae, 


Abbreviations. — aer.  =  aerobic,   anal?  =anaerobic.  cher.  —•  chrotnogenic.  facanaer.      facultative  anaerobic,  liqf.-  liquefac- 

>•<  »om.  •=■  monomorphic.    mot.  =  motile,    nliq/.-    non-liquefactive.     mm,/.       non-motile,    npg,       non-pathogenic. 

obi.  =  obligate,  oscl. —oscillating.  £g\  —  pathogenic,  phos.  — ■  phosphorescent,  //rum.      pleomorphic,  sap.  —  saprophytic. 


BACTERIA 


1-1 


BAC1  l.KIA 


Cohn.  Syn.,  Streptococcus  variola,  Micrococcus  of 
smallpox,  Micrococcus  of  vaccinia.  Obtained  by  <  ohn, 
Guttmann,  Marotta,  Hlava  and  others  from  the  lymph 
of  vaccine  pustules  in  man  and  animals;  li\  <  oze  and 
Feltz  from  the  blood  of  persons  affected  with  variola; 
l>\  i  ornil  and  Bab  -,  in  the  lacunae  of  the  mu 
cous  bodies  of  variola  papules;  by  Quist  and 
Voigl  from  vaccine;  (Pfeiffer  and  Loefl  find  certain 
ameboid  or  coccidian  protozoans  whicb  they  re 
gard  as  specific  ;  also  a  fermenl  |.  I  f.  Saccharom 
vaccina.  Micrococcus  viridis  flavei  en  ,  Guttmann, 
Micrococcus  versatilis.  Found  on  the  skin  ol  healthy 
persons,  also  in  the  liver,  spleen  and  kidneys  after 
death  In  yellow  fever.  Not  sufficiently  studied. 
Micrococcus  versicolor,  Fliigge.  Found  in  water. 
aer. ,  nliqf .,  chg.  (yellow),  npg.  Micrococcus  vini 
perda.  Syn. ,  Streptococcus  fermenti,  Microcot  ■  u 
menti.  Found  in  spoiled  wine.  Micrococcus  vio- 
laceus,  Cohn.  Found  in  water,  air.,  nliqf.,  chg. 
(violet),  npg.  Micrococcus  viridis  flavescens, 
Guttmann.  Found  in  the  lymph  of  a  varicella  pus- 
tule, aer. ,  nliqf.,  npg.  Micrococcus  viscosus, 
Pasteur.  Found  in  the  disease  of  wine  known  as  la 
graisse.  Micrococcus  viticulosus,  Fliigge,  Katz. 
Found  in  air  and  water.  air.,facanair.,  nliqf.,  t 
Micrococcus  xanthogenicus.  Cryptococcus  xan, 
genii  its.  Freire.  Found  in  cases  of  yellow  fever.  Cf. 
Microbe  de  la  fievre  jaune.  Micrococque  de  la  fer- 
mentation de  Pammoniaque,  Fr.  See  Micrococcus 
nitrificans,  Van  Tieghem.  Micrococque  chromo- 
gene,  Fr.  Any  Chromogenic  Micrococcus.  Micro- 
cocque de  la  mammite  gangreneuse  des  brebis 
laiteres.  See  Micrococcus  mastobius,  Nocard,  Mol- 
lereau,  and  Kitt.  Micrococque  de  la  sueur  rouge. 
See  Micrococcus  hcematodes,  Babes.  Micrococque  de 
l'ozene.  See  Micrococcus Icewenbergii .  Microhaloa 
rosea,  Kiitzing.  See  Beggiatoa  roseo-persicina,  Zopf. 
Microsporon  minutissimum,  Burchardt.  SeeBacil- 
lus  epidermidis,  Bizzozero.  Microsporon  septicum, 
Klebs.  See  Bacillus  septicamia  ham  vrrhagica,  Stern- 
berg. Microzyma  bombycis,  Bechamp.  See  Micro- 
coccus bombycis,  Cohn,  Heck.  Milchsaurebacil- 
lus.  See  Bacillus  acidi  lactici,  Hueppe.  Milk- 
white  Micrococcus,  Bumm.  See  Micrococcus 
albicans  tardissimus ,  Kisenberg.  Milk  Yeast.  See 
Saccharomyces  lactis,  Adametz.  Miller's  Bacillus. 
See  Bacillus  dentalis  viridans,  Miller,  and  Spirillum 
of  Miller.  Miller's  Bacillus  of  the  Intestine.  See 
Bacillus  aerogenes,  T,  II,  III,  Miller.  Miller's  Epsi- 
lon  Bacillus.  See  Epsilon  Bacillus,  Miller.  Milz- 
brandbacillus.  See  Bacillus  anthracis,  Pollender 
and  Davaine.  Monas  prodigiosa,  Ehrenberg.  See 
Bacillus  prodigiosus,  Ehrenberg.  Monas  termo, 
Miiller.  See  Bacillus  termo,  Dujardin.  Mundhoh- 
lebacillen.  Bacilli  of  the  mouth.  Mycoderma  aceti, 
Mycoderm  du  vinaigre,  Pasteur.  See  Bacillus  aceti, 
Kiitzing.  Myconostoc  gregarium,  Cohn.  A  spiral 
or  crumpled  condition  of  a  filamentous  schizomycete, 
perhaps  Cladothrix  dichotoma,  Cohn.  Mycoderma 
cerevisiae  et  vini,  Desm.  Mycoderma  mesenteri- 
cum,Pers.  Mycoderma  vini,  Pasteur.  SeeSaccharo- 
mycetes  mycoderma,  Reess.  Nasenschleim  vibrio, 
Weibel.  See  Spirillum  nasale,  Weibel.  Nassfaule 
bacillus.  SeeBacillusof  potato  rot.  Kramer.  Neapler 
Bacillus.  See  Bacillus  neapolitanus,  Emmerich.  Neis- 
seria albicans.  See  Micrococcus  albicans  amplus, 
Neisser.  Neisseria  citrea.  See  Micrococcus citreus con- 
glomerate, Bumm.  Neisseria  conglomerata. 
Micrococcus  conglomeratus,  Weichselbaum.    Neisseria 


gonorrhoeae.      See    Mi<  rococcus  gonorrhoea ,  Neisser. 
Neisseria  lactea.       .See  Mi  lacteus  favifor- 

mis,  Neisser.       Neisseria  lyssae.       See  Microa 
lyss<> ,   Neisser.      Neisseria  petechialis.      Sei    .Micro- 
coccus petechialis,  Neisser.      Neisseria  rebellis. 
Micrococcus  of  trachoma,  Sattler.     Neisseria  rosea. 
C  .1  ,  Maggiora.      Neisseria   sub- 

flava.    See  Micrococcus subflavu  .  Fliigge.    Neisseiia 
tardissima.       See  Micrococcu  tardissimus, 

Bumm.       Neisseria  weichselbaumii.      See   Micro- 

intercellularis     meningitidis,     Neumann     and 
>i  haffer.       Neisseria  winckleri.     See  Bacillus  6 
bericu  .  Lacerda.       Nitrifying  Bacillus  of  Wino- 
gradsky,  Nitromonas  of  Winogradskv.     ( )|jt. 
from  the  soil.      No  growth  on  ordinary  culture  media. 
1  me  ol   the  very  few   nitrifying  ferments.       Nosema 
bombycis, Nageli.  SeeMicrobi  d<  la  pebrine,  Pasteur. 
Obermeier'scher  Recurrensfaden,  Weigert.    Ober- 
meier'scher  Recurrensspirillum,  Engt  Imann. 
Spirillum     obermeierii.       Ophidomonas     jenensis, 
Ophidomonas  sanguinea,  Ehrenberg.       See 
atoa    roseo-persicina,    Zopf.       Orchiococcus. 
1  liplococcus    of    Orchids,    Hugouneng    and     Fraud. 
Oscillaria  alba,  Vaucher.    See  Beggiatoa  alba,  Trev- 
isan.      Oscillaria  arachnoidea.  Agardh.      See  Beg- 
'oa  arachnoidea,  Trevisan.       Oscillaria  leptomi- 
tiformis,   Meneghi.      See    B  ■•   leptomitiformis, 

Trevisan.    Oscillaria  tigrina.  See  Beggiatoa  tigrina, 
Rabenhorst.       Oscillaria   versatilis,    Kiitzing. 
Beggiatoa  arachnoidea,  Trevisan.       Osteo-myelitis- 
kokken,  Pecker.     See  Staphylococcus  aureus, 

Ogston.       Palmella    infusionum,  Khrenberg. 
Bacillus   termo,    Dujardin.       Palmella    prodigiosa, 
Mont.    See  Bacillus  prodigiosus,  Ehrenberg.    Palmel- 
lina   capillorum  i  Kadlkofter),  Bulh.     Syn., 
capillorum,  Bulh.     Found  in  the  epidermis  of  the  head  ; 
supposed  to  aflect  the  color  of  the  hair.    Panhystophy- 
ton  ovatum,  I. elurt.     See  Microbe  de  la  pebrine,  1'a.s- 
teur.   Passet's  Faulnissbacillus.  Passet's  Putrefy- 
ing Bacillus  of  Pus.     See  Bacillus  foetidus, 
Passet.     Peach-colored  Bacterium,  Lankester. 
/>'  %giatoa  roseo-persicina,  Zopf.     Pediococcus  acidi 
lactici,  I.indner.      Pound  in  hay  infusion  and  in  mash 
from  malt.  aer. ,  facanaer. ,  nliqf.,  npg.    Pediococcus 
albus,  Lindner.    Found  in  well  water.   air., liqf, n 
Pediococcus    aurantiacus,  Cohn.     See  Micrococcus 
aurantiacus,  Cohn.    Pediococcus  cerevisiae,  Palcke. 
Syn.,  Sarcina  cerevisice,  I.indner.     Pound  in  beer  and 
in  the  air  of  breweries,      air. ,  facanaer.,  nliqf,  npg. 
Peroncitoa  scarlatinosae.      See  Micrococcus  scarla- 
tina, Pohl  Pincus.      Pfeiffer's  Bacillus.     See  Bacil- 
lus capsulatus,  Pfeiffer.      Photobacterium  balticum, 
Fischer.       Pound    in    the    waters  of  the    Paltic.      aer. , 
liqf,phos.,npg.    <•'(■  Bacillus  phosphorescens  indi  en 
us,     Fischer.        Photobacterium      fischeri,      Katz. 
found  in  the  waters  of  the  Baltic.       aer. ,  liqf,ph 

Photobacterium  indicum.  Fischer.  See 
Bacillus  phosphorescens ,  Fischer.  Photobacterium 
luminosum,  Beyerinck.  Syn..  Pacterie  lumineuse 
de  la  mer  du  nord.  Found  on  many  of  the  phospho- 
rescent animals,  crustaceous  polyps,  infusoria,  of  the 
North  Sea.       aer.,   liqf,  pi:      •  Photobacte- 

rium pfliigeri,  Ludwig.  Syn.,  Bacterium  frflugeri, 
Micr  //.  flugeri.  Pound  upon  butcher's  meat  and 
upon  market  fish.  The  most  phosphorescent  of  all 
light-producing  bacteria.  aer.,  liqf,  phos.,  n 
Photobacterium  phosphorescens,  Fischer. 
Bacillus phosphoreus,  Cohn.  Photobacterium  phos- 
phorescens, Cohn.     Syn.,  Bacterium phospki 


Abbreviations. — aer.  =  aerobic,  ana'er  =  anaerobic,   chg.  =  chromogenic.  facanaer.  —■  facultative  anaerobic,    liqf '.=•  liquefac- 
tive.     monom.  =  monomorphie.     mot.  =  motile     nliqf.  =  non-liquefactive.     nmot.  =  non-motile,     npg.  «■»  nou-palhog 
obi    -obligate,  oscl.  =  oscillating;,   pg.  =  pathogenic,  phos.  =  phosphorescent.  pleom.=  pleomorphic,   sap.  =  saprophytic. 


BAC1  EKIA 


182 


BA<   I  ER]  \ 


Cohn.      Found  upon   fish  and   in  sea   water. 
nliqf.,  npg.     Pilz  der  blauen  Milch.      S  Uus 

.    Fuchs.       Pilz    der    Dextrangahrung. 
.  i  lienkowski.     Pilz  der 
Zahncaries.     Sec  Leptothrii  .  Robin.     Pink 

Bacillus  of  Spreading  Edema,  A.  B,  Harris  air., 
nliqj  .  pink),  npg.      Cf.  Bacillus  oedema- 

,  Koch.      Pleurococcus  roseo-persicina,  Raben- 
borst.      -  rsicina.  Zopf.       Pneu- 

mobacillus  von  Friedlander,  Pneumobacillus 
friedlanderi.      See   B  umonia  friedlanderi. 

Pneumobacillus  liquefaciens  bovis.     See  Bacillus 
Vrloing.      Pneumococcus    von 
Frankel.     S         •  '■•its  sputigenus,   Fliig( 

Pneumococcus,  Friedlander.  Pneumonia-coccus 
of  Friedlander,  Sternberg.      See  Bacillus  pneumonia 
Pneumococque  de  Fraenkel.  SeeBa- 
.  1  liigge.  Pneumococcenahn- 
liche  Bacillen,  ( ier.      Sec  Bacillus  pseudopneumoni- 
cus,  Passet.     Potato  Bacdlus.     Applied  to  Bacillus 
ntericus   fuscus,    !•  liigge.     Bacillus    mesentericus 
\tu  .     Fliigge.       Bacterium    mesentericus     ruber, 
big.     Pragmidiothrix  multisepta,  1  Dgl  er.    Syn., 
a  multisepta.     Found  in  sea  water  upon  crus 
hi-    i  K icier    Bucht).       It   is   distinguished    from 
a  by  the  absence  of  sulphur  grains.     Praz- 
mowski  s  Bacillus  of  Butyric  Acid  Fermentation, 
Prazmowski's  Buttersaurebacillus,  tier.      See  Ba- 
cillus butyricu  .    Botkin,   Prazmowski.      Proteus  bei 
Lungengangran  des  Menschen,  Babes.      Bacillus 
lethalis,  Babes.     Proteus  capsulatus  septicus,  Pro- 
teus hominis  capsulatus.     Sec  Bacillui  hominis  cap- 
sulatus, Band,  Bordoni-Uffreduzzi.    Proteus  lethalis. 

Ba  ///us  lethalis,  Babes.    Proteus  mirabilis.    - 
Bacillus mirad His,  Hauser.  Proteus  of  Karlinskj.  S(  e 
Bacillus  muriscpticus  pleomorphus,   Karlinski.     Pro- 
teus septicus.     See  Bacillus  septicus,  Pasteur.    Pro- 
teus sulfureus.   See  Bacillus  sulfureus,  Lindenborn. 
Proteus    sulfureus    of    Holochenikoff,     Proteus 
vulgaris,   Hauser.     See    Bacillus  vulgaris,   Hauser. 
Proteus    zenkeri.       See    Bacillus    zenkeri,    Hauser. 
Pseudodiphtheric    Bacillus,     Loffler,    Von     Hof) 
mann.    Roux,    Yersin    and    Abbott.       Found    in    the 
mucus  from  the  pharynx  and  tonsils  of  children  sul 
fering  from  non-diphtheric  throat  affections.      Pseudo- 
diplococcus  pneumonia,  Bonome.     Obtained    from  the 
i-fibrinous    exudate  of    a   person  dead  of  cerebro 
spinal     meningitis,      air.,     nliqj'.,  pg.        Cf.     Micro- 
.  Neumann,  and  Bacillus  meningi- 
tidis purulent, e,    Neumann.       Pseudoodembacillus. 
lemalis,   Liborius.      Pseudorot- 
lauf  bacillus,    <  n-r.        Sec    Bacillus    parvus     ovatus, 
fler.      Pseudotuberkuloser  Bacillus,  Ger. 

ido  tuberculosis   of    rabbits,    Eberth. 
Rasmussenia  buccalis,    Saccardo.     Sec   Leptothrix 
■'is,       Robin.         Rauschbrandbacillus.        See 
iger  and  Feser.     Recurrens- 
spirochaete,   Birsch  Hirschfeld.      See  Spirillum  ober- 
meierii.     Red    Bacillus    of   Water.     See    Bacillus 
ruber,  Frank   and    Becker.     Rhinosclerombacillus. 
Bacillus  rhin  matis,  Cornil     and    Alvarez. 

Rinderpestbacillus.  Sec  Bacillus  septicemia  ham- 
orrhagu  berg.      Rod  Bacteria.    Bacteries  en 

batonet,  It.  Rosenbach s  Putrefaction  Bacilli, 
Rosenbach's  Faulnisbacillen,  Ger.  See  Bacillus 
sap/  I.  II.  //I,    Rosenbach.      Roter  Bacillus 

aus  Wasser.  See  Red  bacillus  of  water.  Roter 
Kartoffelbacillus,  <  dobig.  See  Bacillus  mesenteri- 
cus ruber,  Globig.      Rotlaufbacillus.     S  Uus 


Ipelatos  suis,  Koch  and  bottler.  Rotzbacillus. 
See  Bacillus  mallei,  LSffler.  Saccharomyces  albi- 
cans, Robin.  Syn.,  Oidium  albicans,  Robin.  Sac- 
charomyces apiculatus,  Reess.  <  lecurs  in  fermented 
wine  and  beer,  and,  in  the  hot  seasons,  on  sweet  suc- 
culenl  fruits;  in  winter,  in  the  soil  beneath  the  trees 
that  bear  these  fruits;  a  bottom  yeast.  Saccharo- 
myces cerevisiae,  Reess  and  Robin.  >\n.,  Crypto- 
us  cerevisia,  Kiitzing,   Crypto^  rmentatum, 

torula  cerevisia,  \  asl  plant.  Under  this  heading  are 
included  a  series  ol  different  over  and  under  yeasts. 
Saccharomyces  conglomeratus,  Reess.  As  the 
result  of  Hansen's  investigations  this  species  has  been 
dropped  by  recent  writer-.  Saccharomyces  ellip- 
soideus  1,  II,  Hansen,  a  "wild"  species  of  wine 
ferment,  11;  gives  rise  to  the  muddiness  of  beer. 
Saccharomyces  exiguus,  Hansen,  bound  in  G 
man  yeast ;  acts  toward  sugar  exactly  as  does  Sa 
charomyces  marxianus.  Saccharomyces  glutinis. 
Syn.,    Cryptococcus  glutinis,    Fersen.      A    pullulating 

i  that  forms  beautiful  rose-colored  patches  on 
cooked  potatoes.  Saccharomyces  guttulatus, 
Robin.  Syn.,  Cryptococcus  guttulatus ,  Robin,  Winter. 
Champignon  du  tube  digestif  du  lapin  et  autres  her- 
bivores,  Remack.  bound  in  the  esophagus,  stomach 
and  intestines  of  mammals,  birds,  and  reptiles.  I  be 
feces  of  patients  suffering  from  tunnel  anemia,  or  anchy 
lostomiasis,  frequently  contain  this  species  of  sacchar- 
omyces. Saccharomyces  inequalis,  a  doubtful 
species.  Saccharomyces  lactis,  Adametz.  Syn., 
Milk-yeast,  bound  in  milk,  of  which  it  ferments  the 
milk-sugar.  Saccharomyces  marxianus.  Found 
in  wine ;  acts  vigorously  on  saccharose,  inverting  and 
fermenting  it  with  great  activity  ;  it  also  acts  on  dex- 
trose.  Saccharomyces  membranifaciens.  Forms 
a  bright  yellow,  tough  scum  on  beer-wort;  liquefies 
gelatin;  has  no  fermentative  action  on  ordinary  carbo 
hydrates,  and  does  not  invert  cane-sugar.  Sacchar- 
omyces minor,  Engel.  According  to  Engel  this 
is  the  cause  of  fermentation  in  bread.  Sacchar- 
omyces mycoderma,  Reess.  Syn.,  Mycoderma 
mesentericum,  Pers.  Mycoderma  cerevisia  et  vini, 
Desm.  J/ormiseium  vini  et  cerevisia^,  Bonard.  M, 
derma  vini ,  Pasteur.  Mycoderma  cerevisia,  Trecul. 
Fiore  del  vino  e  della  birra,  Ital.  bound  on  the  sur- 
face of  wine  and  beer,  forming  the  so-called  "  (lowers 
of  wine.''  Saccharomycetes  nebulosus,  a  doubt 
ful  species.  Saccharomyces  pasteurianus,  Reess. 
According  to  Hansen,  this  represents  a  group  of 
three  forms  that  cause  disease  in  beer  and  wine. 
Saccharomyces  pyriformis,  Ward.  Found  in  the 
fermentation  of  ginger-beer.  A  bottom  yeast  which 
develops  much  ('(>.,  but  little  alcohol;  it  inverts  cane- 
sugar  and  ferments  the  products;  doc-  not  ferment 
milk-sugar,  air. ,  facanair.  Saccharomyces  ruber, 
Demme.  Found  in  milk  and  cheese,  forming  t  d 
spot-  in  the  latter,  and  a  red  sediment  in  the  former. 
nliqf,  Saccharomyces  vaccinae,  Pfeiffer.  Bound 
in  the  lymph  of  a  vaccinia  pustule;  nothing  known  o| 
it-  action.  Saprogenic  bacillus.  Syn..  Bacille 
saprogene,  Fr.  Any  bacillus  which  produces  putre- 
faction, e.  ;r.,  Bacillus  saprog  n  .  Rosenbach,  '/.  v. 
Sarcina  alba,  Eisenberg.  bound  in  air  and  water. 
air.,  liqf.,  npg.  Sarcina  aurantiaca.  Syn., 
1  Irange  Sarcina,  Koch.  Found  in  air  and  water. 
air.,    liq  (orange     yellow),    npg.        Sarcina 

aurea.  Mace,  bound  in  the  pulmonary  exudates  oi 
a  person  dead  of  a  bastard  pneumonia  complicated 
with    purulent    pleurisy.       aer.,    liqf.,   dig.    (brilliant 


Abbreviations.— aer. —  aerobic,    ana-  erobic.    chg.  =  chromogenic.   facanaer.  —  facultative  anaerobic.    /;>//. 

tive.    monom.  =  monomorphic.    mot.  —  motile,    nliqf.       non-liquefactive      >im<a.       non-motile.    "/-.<.'•  ~  non-pathogenic. 
obi.*—  obligate,  oscl.  —  oscillating.  />.e  =  pathogenic,   phos.  —  phosphorescent,  pleom.     -pleomorphic,   sap.      saprophytic. 


BACTERIA 


183 


BACTERIA 


golden  yellow).     Sarcina  botulina,  \  an  den  <  'orput. 
Found   in   cases   of  poisoning    with    tainted  sausa 
(botulismus)  and  believed  to  be  the  active   agent.    <  I. 
Bacillus  of  allantiasis.       Sarcina    Candida,  Reinke. 
Found  in    the  air   of    breweries.      aer.,   liqf,    npg. 
Sarcina    cerevisiae,    Lindner.         Syn.,    /' 
cerevisia,  Balcke.    Found  in  beer  and  the  air  <>!  brew 
eries.     aer.,    facanaer.,    nliqf,    npg.        Sarcine    de 
l'estomac.     See    Sarcina  ventriculi,  Goodsir.      Sar- 
cina flava,  De   Bary.      Found  in  beer,     aer.,    liqf., 
chg.    (yellow),    npg.      Sarcina  fuscescens,  Falken 
heim.     Found  in  the  human  stomach.     Sarcina  hya 
lina,    Kiitzing.     Syn.,    Merismopedia  hyalina,  Kiit/. 
ing.       Found    in    swamps.       Sarcina     intestinalis, 
Zopf.      1  'iiind    in  the   intestines  of  chickens  and  tur- 
keys, principally  in  the  cecum.    Sarcina  in  the  Mouth 
and    Lungs,    Fischer.      According    to    De    Bary  the 
original  description  is    not   sufficiently  clear    lor  com 
parison.      Sarcina  litoralis,  CErstedt.      Syn.,  Meris- 
mopedia litoralis,  Rabenhorst,  Erythroconis ,  CErstedt. 
Found    in    sea  water ;    forms  a  thin  reddish  layer  be- 
tween decomposing   algae    on    the    shore.       Sarcina 
lutea,  Schroter.      Found  in  the  air,  and  in  fungus  cul- 
tures,     aer.,    liqf.,    ckg.    (yellow),    npg.        Sarcina 
minuta,    De    Bary.      Occurred    spontaneously   in  a 
culture  of  sour  milk  on  a  microscopic  slide  ;   resem- 
bles Sarcina   welckeri.     Sarcina   mobilis,   Maurea. 
Found    in    old   ascitic    fluid,     aer.,  liqf.,   mot.,    chg. 
^brick-red).      Sarcina    morrhuae.       Obtained    from 
codfish.       Sarcina   of    the    Lungs.       See   Sarcina 
pulmonum,  Hauser.      Sarcina  of  the  Urine.      See 
Sarcina     urines,     Weicker.        Sarcine      paludosa, 
Schroter.      Found   in  bog  water. '  Sarcina   pulmo- 
num, Hauser.      Syn.,  Sarcina  of  the  lungs.    Lungen- 
sarcine,  Ger.     Found    in  sputum,     aer.,  nliqf,   npg. 
Sarcina   reitenbachii,   Caspary.      Syn.,   Merismope- 
dium  reitenbachii,  Caspary — (also  misprinted  Reichen- 
bac/iii).      Found  in   fresh   water  on  decaying  plants. 
Sarcina  renis,  Hepworth.    Found  in  the  lungs  of  per- 
sons dead  of  pulmonary  tuberculosis.    Sarcina  rosea, 
Menge.     Found  in  milk  and  other  food-stuffs.     Held  to 
be  distinct  from  the  form  described  by  Schroter.   aer., 
liqf.,  chg.  (rose-red),  npg.     Sarcina  rosea,  Schroter. 
Found  in  the  air.     aer.,  liqf.,  chg.  (intense  red,  giving 
same  reaction  as  the  pigment  of  Sarcina  aurantiacd) , 
ngp.    Sarcina  urinae,  Weicker.     Syn.,  Merismopedia 
urine?,  Rabenhorst.      Sarcina  of  the  urine  ;    sarcine  de 
la  urine,  Fr. ,  Hartze.     Found  in  the  bladder;  appears 
to  be  destitute  of   zymotic  action.      Sarcina    ventri- 
culi, Goodsir.    Syn..  Sarcine  de  l'estomac,  Fr.    Harn- 
sarcine,  Ger.      Common  in  the  stomach  of   man  and 
animals.      De    Bary  finds  two  forms  side  by  side,  but 
offers  no  information  as  to  their  genetic  relations,     aer. , 
nliqf.,   npg.       Sarcina    welckeri,    Rossmann.      Re- 
peatedly found  in  the  human   bladder  and  voided  for 
months  at  a  time  in  the  urine,  which  is  usually  abnor- 
mally rich  in    phosphates,  the    patient  retaining  good 
health.    Scheidenbacillus.     See    Bacillus  vaginalis, 
Doderlein.     Scheutzia  laughlini.    Syn.,  Micrococcus 
of  Dengue,  Staphylococcus  of  Dengue,  Dengue  Micro- 
cocci.     Found  in  the  blood  of  patients  suffering  from 
dengue.        Pathogenetic    relations     not      determined. 
Schweinerotlaufbacillus.       Sec   Bacillus   erysipela- 
tos  suis,  Koch.     Septischer  Erdbacillus.     See  Ba- 
cillus septicus  agrigenns,  Nicolaier.     Septischer  Spu- 
tumbacillus.  See  Bacillus  septicus  sputigenus,  Fliigge. 
Smegma   bacillus.     See   Bacillus  of   the    Smegma. 
Sphaerococcus    acidi    lactici,    Marpmann.      Found 
in  fresh  cow's  milk.     aer. ,  nliqf. ,  npg.     Sphaerotilus 


natans,  Kiit/ing,  Saccardo.     Syn.,  Leptothrijt  natan  . 
I  ound  in    running  and  stagnant  water.      Old  port, 
yellowish,  younger   portions  colorless.       Spirille  du 
cholera.       See    Spirillum     cholera    unite,..    Koch. 
Spirille   du   mucus   nasal.     See    Spirillum    na 
Weibel.       Spirillo  colerogeno  di  Koch,  Ital. 
Spirillum c holer c  Koch;  Spirillum  amylife- 

rum,  \  an  Tieghem.      found  in  water.     Forms  granu- 
) •■ »~ . ■  .a  certain  developmental  stages;  gives  the  blue 

lion  with  iodin.  Cf.  Bacillus  butyricus,  Pi 
mowski.  Spirillum  anserum.  Syn. ,  Spiroch 
anserina,  Sakharoff.  Found  in  the  blood  of  geese 
affected  with  a  fatal  form  of  septicemia  dm-  to  this 
mi  lobe.  A  disease  prevalent  in  the-  swampy  regions 
ol  <  aucasia.  aer.,  mot.,  pg.  (not  for  chicken 
Spirillum  a  of  Weibel.  See  Spirillum  saprophiL 
Weibel.  Spirillum  attenuatum,  Warming,  found 
in  sea  water.  Spirillum  aureum.  Syn.,  Vibrio 
aureus,  Weibel  Found  in  the  air  and  the  -lime  of 
sewers,  aer.,  nliqf,  nmot.,  chg.  (golden  yellow), 
Spirillum  8  of  Weibel.  Nee  spirillum  sapro- 
philes P,  Weibel.  Spirillum  cholerae  asiaticae,  Koch. 
Syn.,  Spirillum  choleric.  Spirillum  of  cholera,  Bacillus 
oi  cholera,  Comma  bacillus  of  Koch.  Spirille  flu 
i  bolera,  Bacille  du  cholera,  Bacille  en  virgule,  Bacille 
virgula  choleregene,  Fr.  Bacillo  a  virgola,  Bacillo 
virgulato,  Ital.  found  in  the  discharges  of  cholera 
patients  and  in  the  intestines  of  cholera  cadavers,  aer. 
facanaer.,  liqf.,  mot.,  pg.  Spirillum  concentricum, 
Kitasato.  Found  in  putrefying  blood,  aer.,  nliqf., 
mot.,  npg.  Spirillum  denticola,  .Miller;  or.  Spiril- 
lum dentium,  Arm.  Syn.,  Spirochceta  denticola, 
Spirochceta  dentium.  Found  under  the  margins  of 
the  gums  in  the  mouths  of  healthy  persons ;  biof 
characters  unknown,  as  it  does  not  thrive  in  culture 
fluids.  Spirillum  endoparagogicum,  Sorokin. 
Found  in  a  glairy  liquid  exuding  from  a  poplar  tree. 
Spirillum  finkleri,  Spirillum  Finkler-Prior.  Syn.. 
Vibrio  proteus.  Bacillus  von  Finkler-Prior,  Bacillus 
Epsilon  von  Miller,  found  in  the  feces  of  persons 
affected  with  cholera  nostras,  after  allowing  the 
discharge  to  stand  for  some  time,  aer.,  facanaer., 
liqf,  mot.  Pathogenetic  relation  not  confirmed. 
Spirillum  flavescens.  Syn.,  Vibrio  flavescens, 
Weibel.  Found  in  the  slime  of  sewers,  aer.,  nliqf., 
n /no/.,  chg.  (yellowi-h-green),  npg.  Spirillum 
flavum.  Syn.,  Vibrio  flavescens,  Weibel.  Found  in 
the  slime  of  sewers,      aer. ,  nliqf .,   nmot..  'her 

yellow),  npg.  Spirillum  jenensis,  Ehrenberg.  Syn., 
Ophidomonas  jenensis,  Ehrenberg.  A  doubtful  specie-. 
Spirillum  leucomelaenum,  Perty.  found  in  water 
containing  decaying  algae.  Spirillum  linguae.  Syn., 
Vibrio  lingualis,  Zungenbelagvibrio,  Weibel.  found 
in  the  deposit  on  the  tongue  of  a  mouse,  after  ini 
lation.  aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf,  umo/..  npg.  (formice). 
Spirillum  litorale,  Warming.  Syn.,  V,  rio  spirillum, 
Miiller;  Melunella  spirillum,  Borg.  Found  in 
water.  Spirillum  metschnikovi.  Syn..  Vibrio 
metschnikovi,  Gameleia.  found  in  the  intestinal  con- 
tents of  chickens  affected,  in  Russia,  with  an  epi- 
demic infectious  disease  resembling  fowl  cholera,  air. , 
facanaer,  [?)liaf.,  mot., pg.  Spirillum  nasale.  Syn., 
Vibrio  nasale,  Weibel.  Nasenschleimvibrio,  Ger. 
Spirille  du  mucus  nasale,  Fr.  found  in  nasal  nun  us 
aer.,  facanaer,  nliqf,  nmot.,  npg.  Spirillum  ober 
meieri,  Colin.  Syn.,  Spirochceta  obermeieri.  Spiril- 
lum of  relapsing  fever.  Recurrensspirochate.  <  >ber- 
meier'scher  Recurrensfaden,Weigert,  Obermeier'scher 
Ri  currensspirillum,    Engel.       found    in    the     blood 


Abbreviations.— aer.  =  aerobic,  anaer.  =  anaerobic,  chg.  —  chromogenic.  facanaet -.=  facultative  anaerobic,  hqf."  hquefac- 
tive.  monom.  =  monomorphic.  mot.  =  motile,  nliqf.  =  non-liquefactive.  nmot.  =  non-motile,  npg.  =  non-pathogenic. 
obi.  —  obligate,  oscl.  =  oscillating,  pg." pathogenic,  phos.  =  phosphorescent    pleom.  =  pleomorphic,  sap.  =  saprophytic. 


BACTERIA 


1-1 


B  \<    i  1  KI  A 


>ns  affected  with  relapsing    fever,     air.,  mot. 
ats  to  cultivate  thu«.  far  unsuccessful),/^.     Spiril- 
lum of  Asiatic  cholera.     Spirillum  of  cholera.     See 

.    K  o  Spirillum    of 

Denecke.       See     Spirillum     tyrogenum,    Denecke. 
Spirillum    of    Finkler  and    Prior.     See    Spirillum 
Spirillum    of    Miller.       Syn.,     Miller's 
bacillus.      Found   in    carious  teeth,     aer., 
Uqj  .  Spirillum  of    Relapsing   Fever. 

<  ohn.       Spirillum    of 
Smith.   Found  in  the  intestines  of  swine.  //'.. 

Spirillum    plicatile.    Dujardin.      Syn., 
.   Ehrenberg  ;   Spirulina  plicatilis, 
tnd  in  water  containing  decomposing  algae. 
Biologic  characters   undetermined.      Spirillum  rosa- 
ceum.  d  upon  excrement    in    water,     air., 

iv(l,;.'\.  Spirillum  rosenbergii,  Warming. 
Found  in  brackish  water.  Contains  refractive 
sulphur  grains,  air.,  mot.  Spirillum  roseum. 
Mace.  Found  in  a  tube  culture  of  blennor- 
rhagic  pus.  air.,  nliqf.,  mot.,  chg.  (rose-red),  npg. 
Spirillum  rubrum,  von  Esmarch.  Obtained  from 
the  putrefying  body  of  a  mouse,  air.,  facanair., 
nliqf.,  mot.,  chg.  (pink),  npg.  Spirillum  rufum, 
Petty.  Found  in  cistern  water.  air. ,  mot. ,  chg. 
(rose-red),  npg.  Spirillum  rugula,  Miiller.  Syn., 
Vibrio  i  Found  in  swamp  water  and  frequent- 

ly in  the   alimentary  canal,  on   the   teeth,  etc.       air., 
inair.,  mot.,  npg.     According  to  Prazmowski  this 
specie-    gives    rise   to    decomposition    of    cellulose. 
Spirillum    sanguineum.       See     />'  i     roseo- 

ina,  Zopf.  Spirillum  saprophiles  a  of 
Weibel.  Syn.,  Vibrio  saprophiles  a  of  Weibel. 
Found  in  rotting  hay  infusion  and  in  the  slime  of 
..  mot.,  npg.  Spirillum  sapro- 
philes i  of  Weibel.  Syn. ,  /  ibrio  saprophiL 
Weibel.  Found  in  rotting  hay  infusion,  air., nliqf., 
mot.,  npg.  Spirillum  saprophiles}  of  Weibel. 
Syn.,  Vibrio  saprophiles  y,  Weibel.  Found  in  the 
slime  of  sewers,  air.,  nliqf,  mot.,  npg.  Spirillum 
serpens,  Miiller.  Syn.,  Vibrio  serpens,  Miiller. 
Found  in  stagnant  water  containing  decaying 
plants,  etc.  Biologic  characters  not  determined. 
Spirillum  sputigenum.  Miller.  Common  in  the 
neglected  mouths  of  healthy  persons.  1  >oes  not 
grow  on  culture  media.  Spirillum  tenue,  Ehren- 
berg. Found  in  putrefying  plant  infusions.  Biologic 
characters  undetermined.  Spirillum  tyrogenum, 
Denecke.  Syn.,  Bacille  de  Denecke,  It.  Bacillus 
von  Denecke,  Kasespirillum,  '  ler.  Spirillum  of 
ke,  Bacillus  of  cheese,  Denecke's  cheese  spiril- 
lum. Found  in  old  cheese,  aer. ,  facanair.,  liqf, 
mot  .  for    guinea    pigs).       Spirillum    undula, 

(  ohn,  Miiller.      Syn.,  Vibrio  undula,  Miiller;    Vibrio 
,    Ehrenberg.       Found    in    zooglea    masses    in 
swamp    water,  vegetable   infusions,  etc.       air.,  mot., 
Spirillum   violaceum,  Warming.       found    in 
brackish  water;   cell  contents  violet,  with    a   few  sul- 
phur grains.     Spirillum  volutans,  Ehrenberg.  Syn., 
Vibrio  spirillum,  Miiller;   Melunella  spirillum,  Borg. 
Found    in    infusions    and    in    bog    water.      Biologic 
characters     undetermined.       Spirochaete    anserina, 
Sakharoff.       See    Spirillum    anserum.       Spirochaete 
denticola,  Miller.     Spirochaete  dentium,  Arnt,    See 
Spirillum  dentium.      Spirochaete  obermeieri.      See 
Spirillum  obermeieri ,  Cohn.     Spirochaete   plicatilis, 
Ehrenberg.    See  Spirillum />,'■  ,  Dujardin.    Spiro- 

monas    cohnii,    Wanning.       Found   in    foul    water. 
Spiromonas    volubilis,   I'ertz.       Found  in    puti 


in^;  infusions  and  in  bog  water.  Sporonema  gra- 
cile.  See  Bacillus  virens,  Van  Tieghem.  Spu- 
tumbacillus,  ( ier.  see  Bacillus  tepticus  putigenus, 
Fliigge.  Stafilococco  piogeno  aureo,  Ital.  See 
Mi  n      au    :<  .    Rosenbach.      Staphy- 

lococcus albus  liquefaciens,  Escherich.  Syn., 
White  liquefying  staphylococcus,  found  in  the  alvine 
discharges  oi  healthy  infants,  air.,  liqf,  npg.  Sta- 
phylococcus biskrae.  See  Micrococcus  ol  Heyden 
reich.  Staphylococcus  cereus  albus,  Passet.  See 
Mia  Passet.      Staphylococcus 

cereus  aureus,  Schroter  and  Winkler.  See  Micro- 
us  cereus  aureus,  S.  and  W.  Staphylococcus 
cereus  flavus,  Passet.  See  Micrococcus  cereus fiavu  , 
Passet.  Staphylococcus  citreus.  See  Microcoi  us 
citreus,  List.  Staphylococcus  epidermidis  albus, 
Welch.  See  Micrococcus  pyogenes  albus,  Rosenbach. 
Staphylococcus  pulvus.  See  Micrococcus  pulvus, 
Cohn.  Staphylococcus  of  Dengue,  McLaughlin. 
See  S,  heutzia  lauhglini.  Staphylococcus  of  pem- 
phigus, De  Michele.  <  Ibtained  from  the  skin,  Kid- 
ney and  spleen  of  a  case  of  pemphigus  chronica. 
Staphylococcus  passetti.  See  Micrococcus 
flavus,  Passet.  Staphylococcus  pyogenes  albus, 
Rosenbach.  See  Micrococcus  pyogenes  albus,  Rosen- 
bach. Staphylococcus  pyogenes  aureus,  ( Igston, 
Becker.  Syn.,  Staphylococco  pyogeno  aureo,  Ital. 
See  Micrococcus  aureus,  Rosenbach.     Sta- 

phylococcus pyogenes  citreus,  Passet.  See  Micro- 
coccus pyogenes,  citreus,  Passet.  Staphylococcus 
pyosepticus,  H'ericourt  and  Richet.  See  Micrococ  us 
pyosepticus,  Richet.  Staphylococcus  salivarius 
pyogenes,  Biondi.  See  Micrococcus  salivarius  pyo- 
genes, Biondi.  Staphylococcus  viridis  flavescens, 
Guttmann.  Syn.,  Micrococcus  of  chicken-pox.  found 
in  the  vesicles  of  varicella,  air.,  nliqf,  chg.  (greenish 
yellow),  npg.  Streptococcus  acidi  lactici,  Groten- 
feldt.  Found  in  coagulated  milk  in  Finland,  anair. 
(not  strictly),  nliqf.,  npg.  Streptococcus  aethebius. 
See  Micrococcus  tirecc  liquefaciens,  Fliigge.  Strepto- 
coccus albus,  Maschek.  Syn.,Weisser  Streptococcus, 
Ger.  Found  in  hydrant  water  (Freiburg),  aer.,  liqf. , 
npg.  Streptococcus  apthicola,  I  lallier.  See  Strep 
tocytus  of  eczema  epizootica,  Schottelius.  Strepto- 
coccus articulorum,  1. oilier.  Syn.,  Micrococcus  of 
diphtheria.  Obtained  from  the  affected  mucous  mem- 
brane in  cases  of  diphtheria.  Possibly  a  variety  of 
Mi.  i  mice).     Streptococcus 

bombycis.  See  Micrococcus  bombycis,  Cohn.  Strep- 
tococcus brevis,  Von  Lingelsheim.  <  ibtained  from 
normal  human  saliva,  aer.,  facanair.,  nliqf,  npg. 
Streptococcus  cadaveris,  Sternberg.  Found  in  the 
liver    of    a    yellow  lever    cadaver.        air.,  lir., 

nliqf.,  npg.  Probably  identical  with  the  pre- 
ceding species.  Streptococcus  cinnabareus.  See 
Mi  cinnabat   u  .      I  liigge.      Streptococcus 

coli  gracilis,  Escherich.  found  in  the  feces  of 
healthy  children  living  on  a  meat  die)  icanair., 

liqf.,  npg.  Streptococcus  conglomeratus,  Kurth. 
Obtained  from  cases  of  scarlet  fever,  fig.  (for  mice). 
Streptococcus  coronatus,  Fliigge.  See  Micrococcus 
coronatus,  Fliigge.  Streptococcus  coryzae  conta 
giosae  equorum,  Schiitz.  Syn.,  Streptococcus  der 
Druse  des  Pferdes.  Bacterium  der  Brustseuche  des 
Pferdes,  Ger  Bacterium  of  infectious  pneumonia  in 
the  horse  found  in  the  pus  from  diseased  lymphatic 
glands  in  horses  suffering  with  infectious  pneumonia, 
the  disease  being  known  in  Germany  as  Druse  des 
Pferdes.  \nair.,  pg.  (for  horses  and  mice), 


Abbreviations. — air.  =  aerol  hrotnngei  facultative  anaembic.    KqJ       liquefac- 

tive.    monotn.  «■«  monomorphic.     mot.       motile     nliqj        non-liquefactive.    nmot.'     non-motile,     npg.       non-pathogenic. 
obi.  —  obligate,  oscl.  —  oscillating    pg.      pathogenic,  phos.      phosphorescent    pleom.      pleomorphic,   sap.  —saprophytic! 


BACTERIA 


1  -:. 


BA(    I  ERIA 


npg.  (for  rabbits,  guinea  pigs  and  pigeons).  Strep- 
tococcus des  Gelenkrheumatismus,  Leyden. 
See  Bacillus  rkeumarthriiidis ,  Kussmaul.  Strep- 
tococcus endocarditicus.  See  M  u  endo- 
carditicus  rugatus,  Weichselbaum.  Streptococcus 
erysipelatis  (erysipelatosj,  Fehleisen.      Sec  Mi 

us   pyogenes,    Rosenbach.      Streptococcus    fer- 
menti.      See    Micro  iniperda.      Streptococ- 

cus giganteus  urethrae,  Lustgarten  and  Manne- 
berg.  Found  in  the  healthy  human  urethra,  aer., 
npg.  Streptococcus  havaniensis,  Sicrnliii-.  Found 
in  the  acid  vomit  of  a  yellow-fever  patient.  Biologic 
characters  undetermined.  Streptococcus  insecto- 
rum,  Burrill.  See  Micrococcu  insectorum,  Burrill. 
Streptococcus  kochii.  See  Micrococcus  of  septi- 
cemia in  rabbits,  Koch.  Streptococcus  lanceolatus 
pasteuri,  Gamal&ia.  See  Bacillus  septicus sputigenus , 
Fliigge.  Streptococcus  liquefaciens,  Steinberg. 
Obtained  from  the  intestines  and  livers  of  yellow-fever 
cadavers,  aer. ,  facanaer. ,  Hi//. ,  npg.  Streptococcus 
longus,  von  Lingelsheim.  See  Micrococcus  pyogenes , 
Rosenbach.  Streptococcus  lucae.  See  Micrococcus 
ulceris  mollis.  Streptococcus  manfredii.  See  Mi- 
crococcus manfredii.  Streptococcus  meningitidis. 
See  Micrococcus  intercellularis  meningitidis ,  Naumann 
and  Schaffer.  Streptococcus  monomorphus,  Buj- 
wid,  lieryng.  Found  in  benign  pharyngeal  ulcers. 
npg.  Streptococcus  morbillosus.  See  Micrococcus 
of  measles.  Streptococcus  nocardi.  See  Micrococ- 
cus mas/obius,  Nocard.  Streptococcus  ochroleucus. 
See  Micrococcus  ochroleucus,  Prove  and  Legrain. 
Streptococcus  of  Bonome.  Obtained  from  the  ex- 
udations in  the  cerebrospinal  meninges  and  from 
hemorrhagic  extravasations  in  the  lungs,  in  cases  of 
epidemic  cerebro-spinal  meningitis,  pg.  (tor  white  mice 
and  rabbits).  Streptococcus  of  granuloma  fun- 
goides,  Rindfleisch  and  Auspetz.  See  Streptococcus 
of  mycosis  fungoides.  Streptococcus  of  Manneberg. 
Obtained  from  the  urine  in  cases  of  acute  nephritis. 
aer.,  facanaer.,  nliqf,  pg.  (for  dogs  and  rabbits). 
Streptococcus  of  mastitis  in  cows.  See  Micrococ- 
cus mastobius,  Nocard  and  Mollereau.  Streptococcus 
of  mycosis  fungoides.  Streptococcus  of  granuloma- 
fungoides,  Rindfleisch  and  Auspetz.  Found  in  the 
capillaries  and  subcutaneous  tissue  in  the  parts  aflected 
by  this  disease.  Not  sufficiently  investigated.  Strep- 
tococcus of  pus.  See  Micrococcus  septicus,  Fliigge. 
Streptococcus  perniciosus  psittacorum,  Eberthand 
Wolf.  See  Micrococcus  psittaci,  Wolf.  Streptococ- 
cus pneumoniae,  Weichselbaum.  See  Micrococcus 
pyogenes,  Fliigge.  Streptococcus  putrefaciens. 
Micrococcus  of  putrefaction.  Refers  to  any  one  of  the 
many  micrococci  found  in  putrefying  substances. 
Streptococcus  pyogenes,  Rosenbach.  See  Micro- 
coccus pyogenes,  Rosenbach.  Streptococcus  pyo- 
genes, Saccardo.  See  Micrococcus  septicus,  Fliigge. 
Streptococcus  pyogenes  maligni,  Kravise  and 
Fliigge.  Found  in  necrotic  masses  in  a  leukemic 
spleen,  pg.  (for  mice  and  rabbits) .  Streptococcus  py- 
ogenes ureae,  Rorsing.  Found  in  purulent  urine.  Cf. 
Micrococcus  pyogenes  urea  flavus,  Rorsing.  Strepto- 
coccus radiatus.  See  Micrococcus  radiatus,  Fliigge. 
Streptococcus  rubiginosus,  Edington.  Found  in 
cases  of  scarlatina,  npg.  Does  not  appear  till  late  in 
the  disease.  Streptococcus  seiferti.  See  Micr 
ens  influenza',  Letzerieh.  Streptococcus  septicus, 
Fliigge.  See  Micrococcus  septicus, Flugge.  Streptococ- 
cus septicus  liquefaciens,  Babes.  Obtained  from 
the  blood  and  viscera  of  a  child  who  died  of  septicemia 


following  scarlatina,    aer.,  fig  and  rab- 

bits).   Streptococcus  septopyaemicus.     See  Mi 

plopycemicus ,  Biondi.    Streptococcus  toxica 
tus.  See  Micrococcu  toxicatus,  Burrill.  Streptococcus 
ureae.     See  Micrococcus  urece,  Cohn.     Streptococcus 
ureae  rugosus,   Rorsing.      found  in  urine.     Strep- 
tococcus variolae.     See  Micrococcus   variol, 
ciu„,  Cohn.     Streptococcus  vermiformis,  M. 
Syn.,     wurmfbrmiger    Streptococcus,    Ger.       found 
in      hydrant     watei        Freiburg  .,  liqf.,    npg. 

Streptococque  de  l'erysipele,  Streptococque  pyo- 
gene     vrai.       See     Micrococcus     septicus,     Fliigge. 
Streptocytus    puerperale,     Doleris.     See     Ba     lu 
puerperalis,  Engel  and  Spillman.     Streptocytus  of 
Eczema  epizootica,  Vhotteliu-.     Syn.,  Sir,/  u 

apthicola,  Hallier.  Micrococcus  of  foot-and-mouth 
disease.  Micrococcus  der  Maul-  und  Klauenseuche, 
Ger.,  Micrococco  del  afta  epizootica,  Ital.  Found  in 
vesicular  eruptions  aboul  tin-  month  and  feet  of  cattle, 
pigs  and  sheep.  Communicable  toman,  aer.,  facanaer. 
Pathogenesis  not  fully  settled.  Cf.  Bacillus  of  ulo 
live  stomatitis  of  calves.  Streptothrix  fcersteri, 
Cohn,  See  Cladothrix  fcersteri,  Cohn.  Swine 
Plague  Schizophyte,  Detmers.  See  Bacillus  of 
swine  plague,  Marseilles,  Kietsch  and  Jobert. 
Syphilis  Bacillus.  See  Ba  illu  yphilidis,  Lust- 
garten.  Syphilis  Bacillus  of  Eve  and  Lingard. 
(  obtained  in  cultures  from  the  blood  and  disea-cd 
ti->ues  of  syphilitics  who  have  not  undergone  mer- 
curial treatment,  aer. ,  dig  (pale  yellow  or  brown). 
Pathogenetic  relations  not  settled.  Not  stained  by 
Lustgarten's  method;  capable  of  development  on 
blood-serum.  Tetanus  Bacillus.  See  Bacillus 
tetani,  Nicolaier.  Thiothrix  nivea.  See  B 
nivea,  Rabenhorst.  Thiothrix  tenuis,  Winogradsky. 
Found  in  sulphur  springs.  Thiothrix  tenuissima, 
Winogradsky.  Found  in  sulphur  springs.  Torula 
cerevisise.  See  Saccharomyces  cerevisice,  Reess  and 
Robin.  Torula  ureae,  Pasteur.  See  Micrococcus 
urece,  Cohn.  Trachomcoccus,  Ger.  See  Micro- 
coccus of  Trachoma,  Sattler  and  Michel.  Tripper- 
coccus,  Ger.  See  Micrococcus  gonorrhoea,  Neisser. 
Trommelschlagerbacillus,  Ger.  See  Bacillus  pu- 
trificus  coli,  Bienstock.  Tubercle-bacillus. 
Bacillus  tuberculosis,  Koch.  Typhus  bacillus. 
See  Bacillus  typhi  abdominalis,  Eberth.  Tyrothrix 
catenula,  Duclaux.  See  Bacillus  calenula,  Duclaux. 
Tyrothrix  claviformis,  Duclaux.  See  Bacillus 
claviformis,  Duclaux.  Tyrothrix  distortus,  Du- 
claux. See  Bacillus  distortus,  Duclaux.  Tyrothrix 
filiformis,  Duclaux.  See  Bacillus  filiformis, 
Duclaux.  Tyrothrix  geniculatus,  Duclaux.  See 
Bacillus  geniculatus,  Duclaux.  Tyrothrix  scaber, 
Duclaux.  See  Bacillus  scaber,  Duclaux.  Tyrothrix 
tenuis,  Duclaux.  See  Bacillus  tenuis.  Duclaux. 
Tyrothrix  turgidus,  Duclaux.  See  Bacillus  turgi 
Duclaux.  Tyrothrix  urocephalus,  Duclaux.  See 
Bacillus  urocephalus,  Duclaux.  Tyrothrix  virgula, 
Duclaux.  See  Bacillus  virgula,  Duclaux.  Ulvina 
aceti,  Kiitzing.  See  Bacillus  aceli,  Kiitzing.  Uro- 
bacillus  duclauxi,  Miquel.  found  in  sewage  and 
river  water.  aer.,  facanaer.,  mot., liqf.  Pathogenesis 
not  determined.  Urobacillus  freudenreichii.  Miquel, 
Obtained  from  air,  dust,  sewage.  aer.,  li j 
Pathogenesis  not  determined.  Urobacillus  maddoxi, 
Miquel.  Obtained  from  sewage  and  river  water. 
aer.,  liqf,  mot.  Pathogene>is  not  determined. 
Urobacillus  pasteuri,  Miquel.  Obtained  from 
decomposing  urine,    aer. ,  liqf. ,  mot.    Pathogenesis  not 


Abbreviations. — aer.  =  aerobic,  anaer.  =  anaerobic,  chg.  =  chromogenic.  facanaer.  =  facultative  anaerobic,  liqf.  =  liqiiefac- 
tive.  monom.  =  monomorphic.  mot.  =  motile,  nliqf .  =  non-liquefactive.  nmot.  =  non-motile,  npg.  =  non-pathogenic. 
obi.  =  obligate,   osel.  =  oscillating.  psr  =  pathogenic,  phos.  =  phosphorescent,  pleum.  =  pleomorphic,  sap.  =  saprophytic. 


BAI    1  ERIA 


im; 


BAG 


determined.  Urobacillus  schiitzenbergii,  Miquel. 
Obtained   from  and  river  water.  .■//!, 

Path  -     not    determined.       Verfliissi- 

gender  Bacillus  aus  Wasser,  Ger.  Liquefying 
bacillus  of  water.     See  B 

Pokrowsky.  Vibrio  aureus,  Weibel.  See  Spirillum 
aureum.  Vibrio  bacillus,  Miiller,  Ehrenberg.  See 
Ba  Cohn.      Vibrio  cholerae.     See  Spir- 

illum choUi  .   Koch.      Vibrio  cyanogenus, 

Ehrenberg      3  nus,  Inch-.     Vibrio 

flavescens,  Weibel.     See  Spiri/lum  flavescens,  Wei 
bel.     Vibrio  flavus,  Weibel.     Se    Spirillum  flavum, 
Weibel.     Vibrio    lineola,    Miiller    and    Ehrenberg. 
ium    lin  ohn.      Vibrio    lingualis. 

Se<  .XWibel.    Vibrio  metschnikovi, 

maleia.      See    Spirillum    metschnikovi,    Gamaleia. 
Vibrio     nasalis,     Weibel.       See     Spirillum    na 
Weibel.      Vibrio  proteus.      See  Spirillum  finkleri. 
Vibrio     rugula,     Miiller.      See     Spirillum     rugula, 
Miiller.       Vibrio      saprophiles     u,     Weibel. 

.    Weibel.       Vibrio     sapro- 
philes    J,    Weibel.       See    Spirillum    saprophilt 
Weibel.       Vibrio     saprophiles     ; ,      Weibel. 
-     rill  urn  saprophiles  ;  .   Weibel.     Vibrio    serpens, 
Muller.      See     Spirillum     serpens,     Miiller.      Vibrio 
syncyanus,   Ehrenberg.      See    Bacillus  nus, 

Fuchs.  Vibrio  synxanthus,  Ehrenberg.  See  Baeil- 
lu  synxanthus,  Ehrenberg  and  Schroter.  Vibrio 
tremulans,  Ehrenberg.  See  Bacterium  lineola, 
Cohn.  Vibrio  undula,  Miiller.  See  Spirillum 
undula,  Muller.  Vibrio  Xanthogenus,  Fuchs. 
Bacillus  synxanthus,  Ehrenberg  and  Schroter. 
Vibrion  butyrique,  Pasteur.  See  Bacillus  butyricus, 
Prazmowski.  Vibrion  septique.  See  Bacillus 
cedematis  maligni,  Koch.  Violet  Bacillus.  See 
Bacillus  jantlunu.  /.opt'.  Violetter  Bacillus  aus 
Wasser,  <  ier.  See  Bacillus  violaceus,  Becker. 
Wasserbacillen,  Wasserbacterien,  Ger.  Bacilli 
and  bacteria  of  water.  Weisser  Bacillus  aus 
Wasser.  Ger.  See  Bacillus  albus,  Becker.  Weis- 
ser Streptococcus.  ( ier.  See  Streptococcus  a 
Maschek.  White  Bacillus  of  Water.  See  Bacillus 
albus,  Becker.  White  Liquefying  Staphylococcus. 
Staphylococcus  albus  liquefaciens,  Escherich. 
Wunderblut,  Ger.  -  Bacillus prodigiosus,  Ehren- 
berg. Wurzelbacillus,  Ger.  See  Bacillus  ramosus, 
Eisenberg.  Wurzelbacillus  aus  Erde.  See  Ba- 
cillus mycoides,  Fliigge.  Xerosebacillus,  Ger. 
Bacillus  of  xerosis  epithelialis  conjunctivae,  Leber. 
Yellowish-white  Micrococcus,  Bumm.  See 
Mil  rococcus  subflavus,  Fliigge.  Ziegelroter  Ba- 
cillus, Adametz.  See  Bacillus  latericeus,  Kisenberg. 
Zooglcea  capillorum.  Buhl.  See  Palmellina  capil- 
lorum,  Radlkofer.  Zooglcea  termo,  Muller,  Cohn. 
Bacillus  termo,  Dujardin.  Zooglcea  ramigera. 
A  tree-like  variety  of  Cladothrix  dichotoma,  q.  7'. 
Zoogalactina  imetropa,  Sette.  See  Bacillus  pro- 
digiosus, Ehrenberg.  Zungenbelagvibrio,  Gei 
e  Spirillum  linguce,  Weibel. 

Bacteriaceae  re-a'-se-e)  [/JaKT^pww,  a  little  stick]. 

A  group  or  order  of  microscopic  fungi ;  the  same  as 
Sch  izomycetes. 

Bacterial  .,,.,  a  little  stick].     R< 

sembling  or  of  the  natur<  teria. 

Bactericidal  (bak-U   ■     ldf-a  .  a  little  stick  ; 

cadere,  to  kill].      Destructive  to  bacteria. 

Bactericide    [bak-te'-n    Id)    [fiaKTqpiov,  a  little   stick; 
.  to  -lay],      i.    Destructive  to  bacteria.     2.    An 
agent  that  destroys  bacteria. 


Bacteridium  [bak-ter-id/-e  inn)  [  laxiijpiov,  a  little 
stick:  //.,  Bacteridia\.  According  to  Davaine,  a 
genus  of  Bacteriaceae  characterized  by  immobility  of 
the  elements  at  all  periods  of  their  existence.  I  he 
distinction  does  not  now  obtain. 

Bacteriemia    [bak-te-re-e' -me-ah)    \fiaKrtiptm,    a    little 
.  blood].     The  presence  ol  bacteria  in  the 
blood. 

Bacterioid  [bak-te* '-re-oid)  [jiaicHjptov,  a  little  stick; 
.  1.  •  1 1 1 1  ] .  Applied  to  certain  microdrganisms  Hour 
ishing  in  and  around  the  roots  of  leguminous  plants, 
assisting  in  the  accumulation  of  nitrogen,  and  giving 
rise  to  tubercles.  They  may  be  cultivated  in  artiti- 
cial  media  like  ordinary  bacteria.  (Brunchoist,  Nbbbe, 
etc.) 

Bacteriologist  [pak-te-re-of -o-jist)  [  totcrf/piov,  a  little 
-tnk;  >"oc,  science].  One  who  makes  a  special 
study  of  bacteriology. 

Bacteriology  (bak-te-re-oP '-o-j'e)  [/3a/cr^/j«w, a  little  stick; 
/"]"<;,  science].  That  department  of  science  that  is 
concerned  with  the  study  of  bacteria. 

Bacterio-protein   [bak-te-re-o-pro' '-te-in)   \fiaKrfipu 
little  stick;    Trpuroc,   first].      A   protein   contained   in 
bacteria. 

Bacterio-purpurin  [bak-te-re-o-per' -pu-rin)  \fiaKTijpvov, 
a  little  stick  ;  purpura,  purple],  A  peach-colored 
pigment  found  by  Lankester  in  the  protoplasm  of 
/.'  ^iatoa  roseo-persicina.  It  is  insoluble  in  water, 
alcohol,  chloroform,  ammonia,  acetic  and  sulphuric 
acids,  etc. 

Bacterioscopic  (bak-te-re-o-skopf-ik)  \fia«rqptiov,  a  little- 
stick  ;  (jKo-tlv,  to  view].     Pertaining  to  bacterioscopy. 

Bacterioscopy  [fnik-te-re-os' '-ko-pe)  [(Jaicriipiov,  a  little 
stick;  nno-elv,  to  inspect].  The  microscopic  stud)  of 
bacteria. 

Bacterio-therapeutic  (bak-te-re-o-ther-ap-uf -tik)  [  laic- 
ri/p/op,  a  little  stick  ;  Oepn-eia,  treatment].  Relating 
to  bacterio-therapy. 

Bacteriotherapy  (bak-te-re-o-ther/-ap-e)  [  Icucrr/piov,  a 
little  stick;  Hepmreia,  treatment].  The  treatment  of 
disease  by  the  introduction  of  bacteria  into  the  system. 

Bacterious  {bak-tef-re-us)  \fiaKTiipiov,  a  little  stick]. 
Bacterial. 

Bacterium  (bak-te'-re  urn)  [($anrfjpiov,  a  little  stick ; 
dim.  of  QaKTTjpia,  a  stick,  staff:  pi.,  Bacteria"].  1.  A 
term  used  to  distinguish  in  a  general  way  some  of  the 
simplest  microscopic  fungi,  the  Bacteriacea,  I  i^sion- 
fungi,  or  Schizomycetes,  and  other  closely  allied 
microbes.  2.  A  genus  of  short,  cylindrical,  motile 
Fission-fungi. 

Bacteriuria  (bak-te-re-u' -re-ali)  [SanTr'/piov,  a  little- 
stick  ;  ovpov,  urine].  The  presence  of  bacteria  in 
the  urine. 

Bacteroid  (bakf-ter-oid)  \  \ov,  a  little  stick ; 

form].      Resembling  1  iai  tei  ia 

Bad  Disorder.     Synonym  of  Syphilis. 

Badal's  Operation.     See  Operations,   Table  of . 

Bader's  Operations.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Badiaga   [bak-de-ah' '-gah)    [Rus.,  badyaga"].     A    Rus- 
-ian  fresh-water  sponge,  Spongia  lacustrt  .  valued   a 
a  discutient  ami  as  a  removei  of  the  marl  -  ol  bun-.-. 
Unof. 

Badian  [baf-de-an)  \badius,  bay].  The  Star-anise.  See 
Illicium. 

Baer's  Law.  See  Law.  B.  Operations.  See  Opera- 
tions,  Table  of.     B.  Plane.     See  Plane. 

Bag  (bag)  |  VS  .  V].  I.  A  sac.  2.  The  »crotum. 
B.,  Barnes's.  See  Barnes's  Dilator,.  B.,  Politzer's, 
a  -oft  rubber  bag  for  inflating  the  internal  ear.      B.  of 


Abbreviations. — air.    -aerobic,    attaer.      anaerobic,    chg. —  chromoeenic.    facanaHr.      facultativi  liquefac- 

live.     monam   =— monomorphic      »uit        motile,     n'liqf.      non-liquefactive.     nmot  —non-motile,     npg.  ■—  non-pathogenic. 
obi.  =  obligate,   oscl.  =  oscillating.  pg.=  pathogenic,  pi  cent,  pleom.      pleomorphic,   sap.  —  saprophytic, 


BAGNIO 


187 


BALNEOLOGY 


Waters,  the  fetal  membranes  enclosing  the  liquor 
amnii,  projecting  through  the  OS  uteri  early  in  labor. 
The  sac  usually  ruptures  when  the  cervix  is  dilated. 

Bagnio  (ban'-yo)  \\t. ,  bagno~\.  i.  A  house  of  prosti- 
tution.     2.   A  bath-hou.M  . 

Bailey's  Flask.  In  dentistry,  an  apparatus  for  making 
metal  dies.  It  consists  of  two  semi-elliptic  rings  ol 
iron — one  nearly  straight,  the  other  a  truncated  cone 
with  four  keys — jointed  so  as  to  tit  together.  The 
straight  ring  is  used  as  a  casting-box  for  the  sand  as 
well  as  a  form  for  the  lead  ;  the  other  give-,  the  pro- 
per shape  to  the  /inc. 

Baillarger's  Lines.  See  Lines,  Table  of.  B.  Streak. 
Same  as  Baillarger's  Lines. 

Bain-Marie  (b&n-mah-re')  [Fr.].  An  instrument  for 
immersing  solutions,  microorganisms,  etc.,  in  water  or 
chemical  solutions,  thus  keeping  them  at  a  desired 
temperature. 

Bain's  Method.  See  Treatment,  Methods  of  ;  edsoArti- 
tieial  Respiration. 

Bakers'  Itch.  An  eczematous  affection  of  the  hands, 
caused  by  the  irritation  of  the  yeast.  B.  Salt,  a  syno- 
nvm  of  smelling  salts,  or  the  subcarbonate  of  ammo- 
nia ;  it  is  sometimes  used  by  bakers  in  leavening  cakes. 

Baker's  Leg,  knock-knee,  or  genu  valgu  m.  B.  Opera- 
tions. See  Operations,  Table  of.  B.  Pins,  heavy 
pins  used  to  hold  bone  surfaces  in  apposition  after 
resection  of  a  joint. 

Balance  [bal' -ans)  [bilanx,  a  balance].  I.  A  device 
or  apparatus  for  weighing;  an  indispensable  adjunct  of 
the  art  of  pharmacy.  2.  The  harmonious  adjustment 
of  corresponding  parts. 

Balanic  [bal'-an-ik)  [  l&Xavog,  the  glans  penis].  Per- 
taining to  the  gland  of  the  penis  or  of  the  clitoris. 

Balanism  ibal' -an-izm)  [f$d?Aivo£,  acorn ;  pessary;  the 
glans  penis].  The  application  of  a  pessary  or  supposi- 
tory. 

Balanitis  [bal-an-i'-fis)  [fiafaivoq,  the  glans  penis ;  trig, 
inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the  glans  penis, 
sometimes  called  Balano-posthitis.  Phimosis  is  a  fre- 
quent complication.      See  Posthitis. 

Balanoblennorrhea    [bal-an-o-blen-o-re'-ah)    \_  >••',■ 
the   glans  ;    BTihvor,    mucus ;     'poia,  a    flow] .     Gonor- 
rheal balanitis. 

Balano-chlamyditis  [bal-an-o-klam-id-i' '-lis)  [fiahuvoc, 
the  glans  penis  ;  x'vp'X »  cloak  ;  ltlc,  inflammation]. 
Inflammation  of  the  glans  and  preputium  of  the  cli- 
toris. 

Balanoplasty  (balf -an-o-plas-te)  [Sa'/nenr,  the  glans 
penis  ;  Tr/.aaaecv,  to  form].  Plastic  surgery  of  the  glans 
penis. 

Balanoposthitis  [bal-an-o-pos-thi'-tis)  [  \ahavog,  the 
glans  penis  ;  rr 6at)r/,  prepuce  ;  rr/r,  inflammation].  In- 
flammation of  the  glans  penis  and  of  the  prepuce. 

Balanorrhagia  [bal-an-or-af -je-ah)  [  l&Aavog,  the  glans 
penis  ;  pi/yvvadai,  to  burst  out].  Gonorrheal  balanitis, 
with  copious  discharge  of  pus. 

Balanorrhea  [bal-an-or-e'-ah]  [iu'/arnr,  the  glans 
penis  ;  poia,  a  flow].      Balanitis. 

Balantidium  [bal-an-tid'-e-um]  [fiaTXavridiov,  dim.  of 
(JatevTiov,  a  bag].  A  genus  of  Protozoa.  B.  coli, 
a  protozoan  para-dte  that  inhabits  the  pig,  and  has 
been  found  in  the  human  intestine.  See  Parasites, 
Animal,   Table  of. 

Balanus  (bal'-an-us)  [patovog, an  acorn].  I.  The  glans 
of  the  prepuce  or  of  the  clitoris.  2.  A  pledget,  supposi- 
tory, or  pessary. 

Balata  (bal'-at-al/)  [Native  Guiana].  The  dried,  milky 
juice  of  the  bully-tree  [Sapota  milleri)  of  Guiana.  In 
its  properties  it  is  intermediate  between  caoutchouc 
and  gutta-percha,  and  is  used  chiefly  in  England  as  a 
substitute  for  these  materials. 


Balaustine  (bal-aws* '-tin)  [paAaioriov,  the  flower  ol  the 
wild  pomegranate].  The  flower  of  the  Pomegranate, 
q.  v.,  formerly  used  in  medicine. 

Balbuties  (bal-bu'-she-ez).  [balbu/ire,  to  stammer]. 
Stammering. 

Bald  [bawld)  [ME.,  balie,  bald].  Wanting  hair.  A 
term  applied  to  one  who  has  lost  the  hair  of  the  scalp. 
B.  Ringworm.     See  Tin, a  tonsuran  . 

Baldness  [bawld'-nes)  [ME.,  balde,  bald].  Alopecia, 
whether  congenital  or  acquired.  When  the  loss  of 
hair  is  circumscribed  it  is  called  tinea  decalvans ;  when 
general,  it  is  called  alopecia.  Senile  baldness  is  called 
calvities.  Premature  baldness  is  caused  by  disease. 
e  Alopecia. 

Bale  Blue.  See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  B.  Green. 
Same  as  Schweinfurt  iireen. 

Balfour's  Test.  See  Death,  Signs oj '.  B.'s  Treatment. 
See  Treatment ,  Methods  of. 

Ball  (pawl)  [ME.,  bal].  I.  In  veterinary  medicine,  a 
pill  or  bolus.  2.  Vulgarly,  a  testicle.  B.-blue. 
Same  as  Prussian  Blue.  B.-and-Socket  Joint.  See 
Diarthrosis  and  Enarthrosis.  B.  Thrombus.  >ee 
Thrombus. 

Ballast  Fever  ibal'-ast fe'-ver).     See  Fever. 

Ballet-dancer's  Cramp.     See  Cramp. 

Balling's  Saccharometric  Beer-test.  As  by  fer- 
mentation, loo  parts  of  malt-extract  yield  50  parts 
of  alcohol,  twice  the  quantity  of  alcohol  found  will 
indicate  the  quantity  of  malt-extract  nece--ary  for  its 
formation.  This  quantity  of  malt-extract  added  to  that 
still  existing  in  the  beer  indicates  the  whole  of  the 
malt-extract  existing  in  the  wort  before  fermentation. 

Ballingall's  Operation.      See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Ballismus  [bal-iz'-mus)  \_.i<i'/'/ mime,  a  leaping].  1. 
Chorea.     2.   Paralysis  agitans. 

Ballonnement  [bal-lon-mon(g)  )  [Fr.].  The  balloon- 
ing or  distending  of  a  part  for  operative  or  diagnostic 
purposes. 

Balloon  [bal-oon')  [Mod.  E.,  baloon,  a  large  bag].  In 
chemistry,  a  spherical  glass  receiver  with  a  short  neck. 
B.  Sickness.     See  An   \  v  tnia  and  Hypsonosus. 

Ballooning  I  bal-oon' -ing)  [Mod.  E.  baloon,  a  large  bag]. 
Surgical  distention  of  the  vagina  by  air-bags  or  water- 
bags. 

Ballota  [bal-o'-tak)  [  in'/ /<.>"/,.  black  hoarhound].  A 
genus  of  labiate  plants.  B.  nigra,  or  black  hoarhound, 
was  formerly  much  used  in  medicine.  B.  (or  Hyptis) 
suaveolens,  of  the  E.  and  W.  Indies,  has  been 
lately  introduced  into  general  practice  as  a  powerful 
and  yet  safe  nervin,  antilithic,  diuretic,  evacuant,  and 
laxative  remedy.  L'nof.  B.  lanata,  of  N.  Asia,  has 
similar  uses,      l'nof. 

Ballottement  (bal-of '-mon(g))  [Fr. ,  from  ballofle,  a 
ball].  A  method  of  diagnosticating  pregnancy  from 
the  fourth  to  the  eighth  month.  A  push  is  given  the 
uterus  by  the  finger  inserted  into  the  vagina,  and  if  the 
fetus  be  present,  it  will  rise  and  fall  again  like  a  heavy 
body  in  water. 

Ball's  Operations.      See  Operations,  Table  of '. 

Balm  (bahm)  [balsamum,  a  balsam].  A  popular  syn- 
onym of  balsamum.  Any  soothing  application  or 
ointment.  B.  of  Gilead.  See  Balsam,  Abies,  and 
M  lissa. 

Balmony  [bal'-mo-ne)  [origin  uncertain].  The  herb 
( '//      •  >-a  ;  cathartic  and  anthelmintic.      Dose  of 

the  fld.  e\t.   Jss-j.      Chelonin,  the  concentrated  ext. 
1  >ose  gr.  j-iv.      l'nof. 

Balneography    (bal-ne-og'  ra-fe)     [balneum,    a    bath; 
.  a  writing].      A  treatise  on  bathing. 

Balneology    [bal-ne-oV -o-je)   [balneum,  a  bath  ;    7 
science].      The  science  of  baths  and  their  effects  upon 
the  system. 


HAl.M-.i  (THERAPEl  1  ICS 


1  — 


BANDAGE 


Balneotherapeutics  [bal-ne-o  ther-ap-u'  -tiks).    ~ 

Balneotherapy  [bal-n  um,  a  bath  ; 

.ding].    Systematic  bathing  for  therapeutic 
pur)  >t   the    treatment  of  disease    by   baths   <>r 

bath 

Balneum    [pal'-ne-um)    [I..].      A    bath.     See    Bath. 
B.    arenae,   a   sand    bath.      See   Ammotherapy.     B. 
lacteum,  a  milk  bath.     B.  luteum,  a  mud-bath. 
k.     B.  pneumaticum,  an  Air-bath,  ,/.  v. 

Balonea  i /'</.'  :       Valonia. 

Balsam  (bawl'-sam)  [  Vkkoapav,  the  resin  of  the  balsam 
tree].  The  resinous,  volatile,  aromatic  substai 
liquid  or  concrete,  obtained  from  certain  trees  by 
natural  exudation  or  by  artificial  extraction.  Balsams 
are  divided  into  two  classes,  those  with,  and  those 
without,  benzoic  and  cinnamic  acids.  In  general  they 
are  mixtures  of  various  essential  oils,  resins,  and  acids. 
B.  Apple,  the  plant  Momordica  balsamina,  and  it-, 
warty,  gourd-like  fruit.  It  is  purgative,  but  its  tincture 
is  chiefly  used  in  dome-tic  medicine  as  a  vulnerary. 
Unof.  B  Bog.  a  singular  -tone-like,  woody,  umbelli- 
ferous plant,  Bolax  or  Azorella  glebaria,  of  the  Falk- 
land Islands  and  Patagonia.  It-  aromatic  gum  is 
locally  prized  as  a  vulnerary,  de-iccative,  and  anti-gon- 
orrheal  remedy.  Unof.  B.,  Canada,  a  turpentine 
gathered  from  the  natural  blisters  of  the  bark  of  Abies 
balsamum.  It  is  much  used  as  a  mounting  medium  by 
microscopists.  B.  of  Copaiba.  See  Copaiba.  B.  of 
Fir.  Same  as  Canada  Balsam.  See  Abies.  B., 
Friar's.  See  Benzoin.  B.  of  Gilead,  the  balm  of 
the  Old  Testament;  an  oleo-resin  obtained  from  the 
B  iron  gileadense.     B.  of  Peru,  the  balsam 

obtained  from  Toluifera  pereiree  ;  antiseptic,  stimulant 
to  the  circulation,  and  sedative  to  the  nervous  system; 
generally  a  tonic,  and  expectorant  in  bronchitis.  Ap- 
plied locally  it  is  useful  in  chronic  inflammatory  skin- 
diseases.  Dose  of  the  emulsion  Tl\x— xxv.  B.-root, 
a  popular  name  for  certain  composite-flowered  plants 
of  the  genus  Balsamorrhiza.  B.  hookerii,  B.  macro- 
phylla,  B,  sagitlata  are  common  in  the  Pacific  States 
and  are  rich  in  a  resinous  balsam.  Unof.  B.  of 
Tolutan,  or  of  Tolu,  obtained  from  Toluifera  bal- 
samum. Its  properties  are  due  to  a  volatile  oil,  toluene. 
It  possesses  an  agreeable  odor,  and  is  a  basis  for  many 
cough-mixtures.  It  is  a  fair  expectorant.  T.  Tin  t. 
contain-,  ten  per  cent,  of  the  balsam  in  90  per  cent,  of 
alcohol.  Dose  rrp.x-xxx.  T.  Syr.,  balsam  four  parts; 
simple  syrup  96.      Dose^j-ij. 

Balsamation  (bawl-sam-a'  -shun  \  [  IdAoafiov,  the  resin 
of  the  balsam  tree].  Embalmment  with  balsamic  or 
aromatic  spi 

Balsamic  [bawl1 -satn-ik)  [ftaTioa/iov,  the  resin  of  the 
balsam  tree].  Having  the  nature  or  qualities  of  a 
balsam. 

Balsamine  (bawl-sam-in)  [3a7,aauov,  balsam].  Any 
plant  of  the  genus  Impatiens,  q.  v. 

Balsamito  [bawl' -sam-e' -to)  [Sp.].  A  tincture  of  balsam 
of  Peru  in  rum  ;  anthelmintic,  diuretic,  and  tonic  ;  it 
is  used  externally  as  a  cosmetic  and  a  stimulant  wash 
for  sores.      I 

Balsamodendron  (bawl-sam-o-den'-dron).    See  M 
and  Bdellium. 

Balsams  [bawl' '-samz)  [jiaAoauav,  the  resin  of  the  bal- 
sam tree].  The  natural,  thick  solution-  of  the  gum 
resins  in  the  essential  oils  and  turpentines.    See  />' 

Balsamum    (baP -sam-um)    \Jlako~auov,   balsam:   gen., 
Balsamt].      A  balsam,  q.  v.     B.  dipterocarpi. 
Gurjun  Balsam. 

Balser's  Fatty  Necrosis.     See  /  Table  of. 

Bambalia  {bam-ba'-le-ah)  [I-.].  Stammering;  thick- 
ness of  speech,  or  other  impediment  t"  utteran 


Bamberger's  Fluid.  An  albuminous  mercuric  com- 
pound  used  in  the  treatment  of  syphilis.  It  is  made 
.1-  follow- :  To  100  c.c.  of  a  Altered  solution  of  white 
of  egg  (containing  40  c.c.  of  albumin  and  60  c.c.  of 
water)  there  arc  added  60  c.c.  of  a  solution  of  mercu- 
ric chlorid  (containing  5  per  cent.,  or  3  grams,  of 
bichlorid  of  mercurj  |  and  no  c.c.  of  a  solution  of 
sodium  chlorid  (containing  20  pet  cent.);  finally,  80 
grams  of  distilled  water  are  added,  which  brings 
the  bulk  of  the  solution  up  to  300,  containing  O.oio 
mercuric  chlorid  in  ever)  >  ului   centimeter. 

Bamboo  (barn-boo')  [P.  Ind.,  bambu\  A  popular 
name  for  main  tree-like,  woody  -tcnitned  grasses,  es- 
pecially those  of  the  genus  Bambusa.  Apart  from  a 
limited'  use  in  surgery,  none  "I  the  bamboo.-  is  em- 
ployed in  regular  medicine.  Locally,  B.  arundi- 
nacea  i-  employed  a-  an  alterative,  anthelmintic,  and 
depurative.  Unof.  See  also  'Fatah,  >r.  B.  Brier, 
the  root  of  Smilax  sarsaparilla,  habitat,  Southern 
United  States.  Its  properties  are  identical  with  tl 
of  sarsaparilla.      Dose  of  the  fid.  ext.  g  ss-ij.      Unof. 

Banana  (ban  an' -ah)  [Sp.].       The  root  of  the  common 
banana,  Musa  sapientum,  said  to  be  a  valuable  all 
tive,  and  useful    in  strumous   affections.      Dose  of  the 
tld.  ext.  TT\,  x-x.\x.      Unof. 

Band  [band)  [ME., bande\.  That  which  binds.  A 
stripe.  A  ligament.  B.,  Axis,  Baer's  primitive 
streak.  B.,  Belly,  a  band  to  pass  around  the  abdo- 
men. B.,  Head,  a  strap  for  securing  a  mirror  to 
the  forehead.  B.,  Horny,  of  Tarinus,  the  fore  part 
of  the  tenia  semicircularis.  B.,  Moderator.  See 
B. ,  ReiPs.  B.,  Reil's,  a  fibrous  muscular  fillet  that 
frequently  extends  across  the  right  ventricle  of  the 
heart;  it  is  called  also  the  moderator  band.  B.  of 
Remak.  See  Fiber,  axial;  also  Purkinje,  Axis  Cyl- 
inder of.     B.  of  Tarinus.     See  B.,  Horny. 

Bandage  [ban'-daj)  [Fi.,bande,a  strip].  Bandages 
are  usually  strips  of  muslin  or  other  material,  of  vary 
ing  widths  and  lengths,  used  in  surgery  for  the  purpose 
of  protecting,  compressing,  etc.,  a  part,  or  for  the  re- 
tention of  dressings  and  applications.  A  simple  ban- 
dage or  roller  consists  of  one  piece  ;  a  compound,  of 
two  or  more  pieces.  Starch,  plaster-of- Paris,  silica, 
dextrin,  tripolith,  etc.,  etc.,  are  used  or  recom- 
mended for  making  still  and  immovable  dressings 
or  bandages.  According  to  their  direction  bandages 
are  classed  as  :  I.  Circular,  circular  turns  about  the 
part.  2.  Figure-of-8,  the  turns  crossing  each  other 
like  that  figure.  3.  Oblique,  covering  the  part  by  ob- 
lique turn-.  4.  Recurrent,  the  turns  returning  suc- 
cessively to  the  point  of  origin.  5.  Spica,  the  turns 
resembling  the  arrangement  of  the  husks  of  an  ear  of 
corn.  6.  Spiral,  each  turn  covering  one-half  ol  the 
preceding.  7.  Spiral  reverse,  the  bandage  is  reversed 
in  order  to  better  adapt  it  to  the  part.  Bandages  are 
also  classed  according  to  the  part  to  which  they  are 
applied.  Of  Bandages  of  the  head  we  have:  1. 
Circular,  of  the  forehead,  to  retain  dressings  upon  the 
head.  2.  Circular,  of  the  eyes.  3.  Crossed,  of  the 
^jw,  to  hold  dressings  upon  one  or  both  eyes.  4.  / 
the  eve,  a  small  piece  of  muslin  cut  in  the  shape  ol  a 
right-angled  triangle,  and  sufficiently  large  to  cover  the 
eye,  i-  sewn  l>v  it-  base,  w  iili  the  perpendicular  toward 
the  ear,  to  a  horizontal  -trip  of  a  length  to  encircle  the 
head.       lli  i    tlie  triangle   i-  sewn  to  a  vertical 

strip  long  e igh  to  pass  under  the  jaw  and  meet  the 

horizontal  -nip  on  the  opposite  side.  5.  Crossed,  oj 
the  angle  of  the  iaw,  to  support  the  part- in  fracture 
of  the  angle  of  the  jaw,  6.  Knotted,  of  the  head,  a 
double  headed  roller  with  compress,  to  make  compres 
m  in  wound  oi  the  temporal  artery.  7.  Recurrent, oj 
/he  head,  a   single  lea. led   or  double  headed  roller,  to 


I3ANDAG1  S 


189 


BANDAGES 


BANDAGES. 


Crossed  Bandage  of  both  Eyes. 


T-Bandage  of  the  Eye. 


Recurrent  Bandage  of  the  Head. 


Four-tailed  Bandage  of  the  Head. 


Four-tailed  Bandage  of  the  Head. 


Barton's  Bandage. 


The  Six-tailed  Bandage  of  Galen. 


Transverse  Recurrent  of  the  Head. 


Agnew's  Bandage. 


Posterior  Figure-of-S   Bandage  of  the 
Chest. 


Suspensory  and  Compressor  Bandage 
of  the  Breast. 


Spica  Bandage  of  Shoulder. 


Gibsons  Bandage 


Anterior    figure-of-8    Bandage    ol    the 
Chest. 


Spirai  of  the  Chest. 


i;am».u.k> 


190 


BANDAGES 


Eight-tailed  Bandage  of  the  Abdomen. 


Double  Spica  Bandage  of  the  Groins. 


Ascending  Spica  of  the  Groin. 


Figure-of-8  of  the  Elbow. 


Velpeau's  Bandage. 


Desault's  Bandage. 


Recurrent  Batidage  of  Stump. 


Gauntlet  Bandage. 


Demi-Gauntlet  Bandage. 


Modified    Figure-of-8   Bandage  of    the 
i  i  iwer  Extremity. 


Spiral  Reversed  of  the  Forearm 
(or  Leg). 


Spiral   Bandage  of  the  Finger. 


Spica  of  the  Foot. 


BANDAGE 


1U1 


BAN!  LNG    1  REATMENT 


retain  dressings  upon  the  head.     8.  Four-tailed,  of  the 
head,  a  piece  of  cloth   eight    inches    wide    and   long 
enough  to  pass  over   the   head  and    under  tin-  (Inn,  i- 
torn   from  either  end  to  within  three  or  four  in<  bes  ol 
the  middle.     The  body  of  the  bandage  is  placed  on  the 
top  of  the  head,  the  posterior  end-  an-  tied  under  the 
chin,  and  the  two  anterior  end>  carried  hark  ward  and 
tied  at  the  nape  of  the  neck.    9.   Gibson'' s,  for  the  / 
of  the  lower  jaw,  to  support  tin   parts  in  fracture.     10. 
Rhea  Barton's,  lor  the  same  purpose.      11.    Capeline 
or  Mitra  Hippocratis  :  made  by  a  double-headed  roller 
(one   which   is  rolled    from  each  end.  the  two  heads 
King  on   the   same    side  of    the    liandage  and  being  of 
equal  size).     One  roll  being  taken  in  each    hand,  the 
intervening  strip  is  applied  low  down  over  the  center 
of  the  forehead,  and  the  bandage  unrolled   on  either 
side  until  the  two  heads  meet    posteriorly  below  the 
oeeipital    protuberance.        From    this    point    the     two 
rollers  are  applied  in  different  directions,  one  passing 
continuously  around   the    head   in    a  circle,  the  other 
forward  and  backward  over  the  cranium  until  the  latter 
i-  entirely  covered.      12.   Galen's  six-tailed  bandage; 
the  bandage  is  so  arranged  that  it  has  three  strips  at 
each  end.     The  middle  portion  is  placed  on  the  crown 
of  the  head,  the  anterior  ends  are  tied  at  the  back  of  the 
neck,  the   middle  under  the  chin,  and  the  posterior  at 
the  forehead.     13.  Garretson's,  a  bandage  for  the  lower 
jaw,  passing  above   the   forehead   and  back    again   to 
cross  under  the  occiput,  and  finally  ending  in  front  of  the 
chin.      14.  Pressure-bandage,  an  eye-bandage  applied 
with   a   considerable   degree   of  firmness   in  order   to 
afford   pressure.      15.   Protective-bandage,    a   bandage 
for  the  eye.  lightly  applied.      16.   Hamilton 's,  a  form 
of  compound  bandage  for  the  lower  jaw,  consisting 
mainly  of  a  firm  leather  strap  to  support  the  jaw.      17. 
LiebreicKs,  a  variety  of  bandage   for   the   eye,  made 
from  a  knitted-cotton  band.      18.    Thillaye's,  a  com- 
pound bandage  for  joining  the  edges  of  the   wounds 
in  hare-lip  operation.     Of  Bandages  of  the  trunk 
there   are:    I.   Circular,  of  the  neck.      2.   Figure-oj 
of  the  neck  and  axilla,  to  retain  dressings  upon  the 
shoulder  or  in  the  axilla.      3.  Anterior  figure-of-8,  of 
chest,   to  draw  the    shoulder    forward    and    to    retain 
dressings  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the  chest.      4.    Pos- 
terior figure-of-8,  of  chest,  to  draw  the  shoulders  back 
in   fractured   clavicle,    or  to   retain   dressings    on   the 
posterior  surface  of  the   chest.      5-  Crossed,  0/  one  or 
both   breasts,  to  support  the  breasts  in  excessive  lacta- 
tion or  in  mammary  disease.     6.  Spica,  of  shoulder,  to 
retain  the  head  of  the  humerus  in  place  after  disloca- 
tion.     7.  Spiral,  of  the  chest,  to  make  compression  in 
fracture  of  the  sternum  or  ribs.      8.   Circular,  of  the 
abdomen,  to  support  the  abdominal  walls.      9.  Spiral, 
of  the  abdomen,  to  compress  the  abdominal  walls  or  to 
retain  dressings.      10.  Spica,  of  one  or  both  groins,  to 
compress  groin  or  retain  dressings.     II.  Spiral 
of   the  penis,  to    retain   dressings    upon    this    organ. 
The  Bandages  of  the  arm  are:    I.    Circular,  of  the 
wrist.     2.   Figure-of-8,  of -wrist,  to  compress  the  joint 
or  retain  dressings.       3.   Figure-of-8,  of   elbozo.     4. 
Circular,  of  arm  or  forearm.     5-    Oblique,  of  arm  or 
forearm.     6.    Spiral,    of  arm,  to  retain  dressings.      7. 
Spiral  reverse,  of  upper  extremity,  to  support  the  arm 
in  dislocations,   fractures,  etc.      8.     Velpeau's,  used  to 
support  the   arm   in  fracture  of  the  clavicle,  the  m 
or  acromial  process  of  the  scapula.       The  hand  oi   the 
injured  side  being   placed  on  the  sound  shoulder,  an 
oblique  turn  is  made  from  the  axilla  of  the  sound  side, 
across  the  back  of  the  chest  to  the  opposite  shoul 
covering  the  fracture,  down  under  the  elbow  in   front 
to  axilla  of  the  sound  side,  then   aero--   the  back  over 
the  outside  of  the  point  of  the  elbow  to  the  axilla  of 


the  sound  side,  thus  continuing  the  oblique  and  cir- 
cular turns  alternately  and  advancing  over  the  arm  till 
it  is  held  firmly.  9.  Desaulfs  Apparatus,  con 
of  an  axillary  pad  held  by  tapes  about  the  neck,  a 
-ling  for  the  hand,  and  two  single-headed  rollers.  The 
forearm  is  placed  at  right  angles  with  the  humerus,  held 
in  place  by  many  circular  and  oblique  turn-,  about  the 
shoulder  and  body.      10.  .  a  form  of  apparatus 

consisting  of  a  chest-belt,  an  arm  -belt,  and  an  axil- 
lary pad.  It  i-  used  in  treating  fractured  clavi< 
The  Bandages  of  the  hand  are:  I.  Spiral,  of  the 
linger.  2.  Spiral,  of  all  the  fingers,  or  gauntlet.  3. 
Spiral,  of  palm,  or  demi-gauntlet.  4.  Spica,  of  thumb. 
All  the  bandages  of  the  hand  are  used  in  cases  of  frac 
hire  or  to  retain  dressings.  The  Bandages  of  the 
lower  extremity  are:  1.  Figure-of-8,  of  ankle,  to 
cover  the  part  or  retain  dressings.  2.  Figure-of-8,  of 
knee,  to  cover  the  part  or  compress  it.  3.  Figure-of- 
8,  of  thighs,  to  compress  the  part  after  wound-  01 
operations.  4.  Spica,  of  in  tep,  to  compress  the  parts. 
5.  Spiral  reverse ,  le  lower  extremity,  to  support 

the  limb  after  fracture,  etc.     6.    Baynton's,  a  s< 
of  straps  of  adhesive  plaster  used  in  the  treatment  of 
chronic  leg  ulcers.      7.    A'ibbail's,  a  spica  bandage  of 
the    foot.      B.,    Genga's.     See    !>..  t's.     B., 

Heliodorus's.  The  T-bandage.  B.,  Hippocrates'. 
See  B.,  Cap, line.  B.,  Hueter's,  a  spica  bandage  for 
the  perineum.  B.,  Langier's,  a  many-tailed  paper 
bandage.  B.,  Larrey's,  a  form  of  many-tailed  band- 
age, the  edges  being  glued  together.  B.,  Maison- 
neuve's,  a  variety  of  Plaster-of-Paris  bandage,  formed 
from  cloth-  folded,  these  being  supported  by  other 
bandages.  B.  of  the  Poor.  See  Gal  n'  Bandage. 
B.,  Recurrent,  for  stumps,  is  u-ed  after  amputati 
to  support  the  Raps.  B.,  Richet's,  a  form  of  Plaster- 
of-Paris  bandage  to  which  a  small  amount  of  gelatin 
has  been  added.  B.  of  Scultetus,  a  compound 
bandage,  similar  to  a  spiral  reverse  in  appearance  and 
action,  used  in  compound  fractures,  so  that  the  short 
pieces  of  which  it  is  composed  may  be  removed  with- 
out motion  of  the  limb.  T-Bandages  are  compound, 
and  resemble  that  letter ;  the  menstrual  napkin  is  an 
example.  B.,  Theden's,  a  form  of  roller  bandage 
applied  from  below  upward  over  a  graduated  com- 
press, to  control  hemorrhage  from  a  limb.  See  Hand- 
kerchief Dressing. 

Bandager  [ban' -da-jef)  [Fr.,  bande,  a  strip].  One 
skilled  in  the  application  of  bandages.      See  Dresser. 

Bandagist  {ban'-da-jist)  [Fr.,  bande  a  strip].  A  maker 
of  trusses,  bandages,  and  other  surgical  appliances  to 
be  worn  upon  the  person. 

Banded  Hair  [ban'-ded  har).     See  Ringed  Hair. 

Bandl,  Operation  of.  See  Operation  .  fable  of.  B., 
Ring  of,  the  superior  limit  of  the  cervical  canal,  in 
pregnancy  at  a  level  with  the  pelvic  inlet,  marking  the 
boundary  between  the  lower  uterine  segment  and  the 
rest  of  the  uterus.  It  is  about  six  inches  above  th 
externum. 

Bandolin  [ban' '-do-lin)  [origin  uncertain].  A  mucilage 
made  usually  of  quince-seeds,  or  of  gum-tragacanth, 
used  mainly  as  a  paste  for  confining  the  hair  and  making 
it  lustrous  ;   it  is  called  also  fixature.     See  Cydonium. 

Bandy  Leg  [banf-de  leg).      Bow-leg,  q.  v. 

Baneberry  (ban' '-be. ••-  Si  e  Actaa. 

Bang,  Bhang,  or  Bangue  1  bang).    See  Cannabis  indica. 

Banian  [ban'-yari)  [Ar.,  banyan,  a  trader].  A  South 
A-iatie  fig-tree,  Fiats  bengalensis,  remarkable  for  the 
development  of  root-  and  secondary  trunks  from  it- 
branches.  Its  juice  i-  antodontalgic ;  the  bark  and 
seeds  tonic,  diuretic,  and  antipyretic.      Unof. 

Banks's  Operations.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Banting  Treatment.     See  Treatment,  Methods  of. 


BAN  flNGISM 


192 


BARKING 


Bantingism  {ban' -ting-istn)  [From  Banting,  the  name 
of  the  inventor).     A  method  pro  reduc- 

tion of  corpulence,  by  abstinence  from  saccharine  and 
farinaceous  foods.     See  Treatment,  Methods, 

Banyan   [ban'-yan).     See  Banian. 

Baobab  Tree.     See  Adansonia  digit  at  a. 

Baptin  ,  idipping]      A.  moderately 

purgative    glucosid,  obtaiuable     from    Baptisia   tine- 

Baptisia  [  idnnaig,  a  dipping].      Wild 

Indigo.  ["he  root  bark  <>(  /■>'.  tinctoria  with  proper- 
ties due  to  an  impure  glucosid,  the  so-called  Baptism. 
It  is  laxative  and  stimulant  in  moderate  doses  ;  emetic 
and  cathartic  in  large  doses,  and  is  valuable  in  amenor- 
rhea, typhus  and  typhoid  fevers.  It  is  excellent  for 
il  application  to  indolent  ulcers  and  gangrenous 
sore-.  B.,  Extract.  Do-e  gr.  j-x.  B.,Ext.  Fid. 
Dose mjj-xx.  B.,  Tinct.  Dose n\,v-xxx.  Dose  of 
the  resin  gr.  j-v.     All  unof. 

Baptisin  {bap* -tiz-in)  [/Jc  i  dipping],     i.  A  pre- 

cipitate from  the  tincture  of   Baptisia  tinctoria;   and 
septic,  evacuant,  ecbolic,  resolvent.     I  >ose  one  to  three 
grain-.     Unof.     2.  A  bitter  glucosid  obtainable   from 
the   plant,   Baptisia  tinctoria  ;    it  has   little  medicinal 
activity. 

Baptitoxin  {bap-tit-oksf -in)  [  ia-rinir,  a  dipping;  T0^1k6v, 
a  poison].  A  poisonous  alkaloid  obtained  from  Baptisia 
tin  toria.  It  hastens  respiration  and  exaggerates  vaso- 
mi  't'  >r  activity. 

Baptorrhea  [bap-tor-e* '-ah)  [  idtrroc,  infected  ;  peeiv,  to 
flow].  Any  infectious  discharge  from  a  mucous  sur- 
face, a-  gonorrhea. 

Baptothecorrhea  (bap-to-the-kor-e'  -ah)  [tlanroc,  in- 
fected ;  'V"7.  vagina;  peeiv,  to  flow].  Gonorrhea  in 
women. 

Bapturethrorrhea  [pap-tu-rith-ro-re' '-ah)  [/3a7rrof,  in- 
!ed;  ovpi/Opa,  urethra  ;  peeiv,  to  flow].  Urethral 
uorrhea;  gonorrhea  of  men. 

Baranilin  (bar-an* -il-in)  [/3api>c,  heavy;  anilin\. 
Heavy  anilin  oil.      See  Heavy  (-V/and  Creasole  Oil. 

Baraquet  {bar-ah-kwetf)  [Fr.].    Synonym  of  Influenza. 

Barb  {barb)  [barba,  a  beard].  I.  In  biology,  the 
retrorse  tooth  of  an  awn  or  prickle.  2.  One  of  the 
narrow  acute  plates  diverging  from  the  rachis  and 
going  to  form  the  vane  of  a  feather. 

Barba  (par'-bah)  [I..]-      The  beard. 

Barbadoes  Leg  (par-baf-ddz  leg).  See  Elephantiasis 
Arabum.  B.  Nut.  See  Purging  Nut.  B.  Tar,  a 
fi  a  in  of  bitumen  [a.  v.)  formerly  employed  in  medicine. 

Barbaloin  [bar-bal' -o-in)  [Barbadoes ;  </><<//,  aloe], 
<  17 1 1 .,/  >-.     The  aloin  derived  from  Barbadoes  aloes. 

Barbarossa's  Pills.  A  mercurial  preparation  con- 
taining in  addition  rhubarb,  scammony,  musk,  etc. 

Barbasco  [bar-bos' -ko)  [verbaseum,  mullein].  A  com- 
posite-flowered  plant  of  tropical  America,  the  Cliba- 
dium  biocarpum.  The  stalk-  an-  used  in  preparing 
hair-washes,  and  are  said  t.i  restore  gray  hair  to  its 
natural  color.  The  plant  is  also  used  in  eye-troubles. 
It  is  said  to  be  very  poisonous.      Unof. 

Barbellate  [bar-bel' -&t)  [barbella,  dim.  of  barba,  a 
beard].  In  biology,  applied  to  the  bristles  of  the 
pappus  of  some  composite  when  beset  with  short,  stiff 
hairs,  longer  than  when  denticulate,  but  shorter  than 
when  plumose. 

Barben  Cholera  {bar-ben  kol'-er-ah).  A  form  of  poi- 
soning resulting,  in  Central  Europe,  from  the  eating 
of  the  barb. 

Barber's     Itch     {bar' '-berz  ich) .     The    disease    called 
Tinea    barbie,   Sycosis  parasituria,  or    Tinea    syt 
q.  v. 

Barberry  (bar'-ber-e).  See  Berberis.  B.  Gum,  a 
commercial  name  of  certain  varieties  of  gum-arabii 


Barber-Surgeon  {bar' -ber  ser'-jitn)  [barba,  a  beard  ; 
M  I ■'.. ,  tourgeon"].  Formerly,  a  barber  who  also  prac- 
tised surgerj . 

Barbicel  {bar* -bis-el)  [barbicella,  dim.  of  barba,  a 
beard].  In  biology,  one  of  the  fringes  of  a  barbule 
of  a  feather. 

Barbiers  [bar'-birz)  [E.  Ind.].  A  paralytic  affection 
common  in  India,  and  probably  a  myelitis.  It  is 
often  confounded  with   beriberi. 

Barbigerous  (bar-bij'-er-us)  [barba,  &  beard;  gerere, 
to  cany].  In  biology,  bearded ;  hirsute;'  coarsely 
pubescent  ;  applied  to  petals. 

Barbotine  {bar-bo-tccn')  [Fr.,  wormwood].  Levant 
W(  >rm-seed. 

Barbule  {bar'-bul)  [barbula,  dim.  of  barba,  beard]. 
In  biology,  one  of  the  fringes  of  the  barb  in  a  feather, 
going  to  make  up  the  vane  of  the  barb,  as  the  barb- 
make  the  vain-  oi   the  feather. 

Barclay's  Angles.  See  Angle.  B.'s  Plane.  See 
Plane. 

Barcoo  {bar'-koo)  [Australian].  A  peculiar  disease, 
marked  by  nausea  and  vomiting,  common  in  Australia. 
Its  cause  is  unknown.  It  is  also  called  "  Fly-sick- 
ness.' ' 

Bardana  {par-da'-nah)  [L.].  The  burdock.  See 
Lappa. 

Bardeleben's  Operation.      See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Bardenheuer's  Operations.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Barden's  Operation.       See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Baregin  (bar-a'-zhin).     See  Glaisin. 

Baresthesiometer  {bar-es-the-ze-om' -et-er)  [&&poq, 
weight;  aioih/oic,  perception  ;  pirpov,  a  measure].  An 
instrument  for  estimating  the  weight-sense  in  disturb- 
ances of  sensibility. 

Baresthesiometric  (bar-es-the-ze-o-met'-rik)  [3dpoc, 
weight;  aladr/aig,  perception;  uerpov,  a  measure]. 
Relating  to  the  baresthesiometer. 

Bareswill's  Solution.  A  solution  for  the  detection  of 
sugar  in  the  urine.  It  consists  of  sulphate  of  copper, 
acid  potassium  tartrate  and  sodic  hydrate.  See  Tests, 
Table  of. 

Barford's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Baric  (ba'-rik)  [/3dpoc,  heavy].  Pertaining  to  or  con- 
taining barium. 

Barilla  {bar-ilf-ah)  [Fr.,  barille,  impure  soda].  Impure 
sodium  carbonate  ;  being  the  ashe-  obtained  by  burn- 
ing various  chenopodiaceous  plants  of  the  genera 
Salicomia  and  Salsola. 

Barium  {ba'-re-um)  \_j3npog,  heavy].  Ba  —136. 8; 
<|uantivalence  II.  A  metal  of  the  alkaline  group,  of 
pale  yellow  color,  characterized  by  a  strong  affinity  for 
oxygen.  Neither  the  metal  nor  its  salts  arc  much 
employed  in  medicine;  all  are  poisonous.  B.  Car- 
bonate, BaC<  >,,  used  in  the  preparation  of  the  chlorid. 
B.  Chlorid,  l!a<  1 ,2!  I  ,<  >,  soluble,  used  a-  a  reagent, 
and  also  as  a  cardiac  and  vasomotor  stimulant  in  the 
treatment  of  aneurysm.  Dose  gr.  ss-v.  B.  Chlorid 
Test.  See  Tests,  Table  of.  B.  dioxid.  Ba02,  used 
for  making  aqua  hydrogenii  dioxid.  B.  iodid,  formerly 
used  as  an  alterative.  Dose  gr.  \.  Mainly  employed 
in  ointments.  Unof.  B.  monohydrate,  caustic 
baryta;  reagent.  B.  oxid,  BaO,  baryta.  B.  sul- 
phate, I!aS04,  used  as  a  pigment  ;  formerly  used  in 
the  treatment  of  skin  disease.-,  and  in  lotions. 

Bark  (bark)  [ME.,  barke\  The  cortex  or  covering 
surrounding  the  wood  of  exogens.  It  is  sometimes 
used  a-  a  synonym  of  cinchona  or  calisaya  bark.  B. 
Peruvian.  See  Cinchona.  1  lor  other  barks,  see  the 
names  of  the  plants  or  trees  that  produce  them.) 

Barker's  Operations.     See  Operations,   Table  of. 

Barking  {bar^-king).  [ME.,  barken,  to  bark.]  The 
utt   ring  of  a  peculiar  sharp,  short  cry.  a-  a  dog.      See 


BARLEKIA 


19.'} 


BASE 


Aboiement.  B.  Disease,  a  guttural,  barking  cough, 
with  nervous  disorder  and  impairment  of  tin-  will; 
cynobex  bebetis. 

Barleria  [bar-le* -re-aft)  [_!-.].    A  genus  oi  acanthai 
plants.      B.    buxifolia    and    B.  ciliata,  ol    lmlia,  are 
aperient.     B.  prionitis,  of  S.  Asia,  is  employed 
polychrest.     Unof. 

Barley  [bar'-le)  [ME.,  barly~\.  A  cereal  belonging 
to  the  order  Graminea  ;  the  most  common  vai 
Hordeum  distichon,  is  much  used  as  a  food,  and  also 
in  the  preparation  of  malt.  B.  Decoct.  (B.  P 
Dose  3J— iv.  B.  Pearl,  is  the  decorticated  grain, 
rounded  and  polished.  B.  Water,  decoctum  hordei, 
a  decoction  consisting  of  two  ozs.  of  Pearl  II.  boiled 
in  one  and  one  half  pints  of  water  and  afterward 
strained.  See  Ptisan.  B.  Sugar,  saccharum  hordea- 
turn  ;  practically  a  glucose.  Applied  also  to  an  amor- 
phous mass  obtained  by  melting  cane-sugar. 

Barnes's  Curve.  In  obstetrics,  the  segment  of  a  cir- 
cle, having  for  its  center  the  sacral  promontory,  its 
concavity  looking  backward.  B.'s  Dilators,  gradu- 
ated rubber  bags  used  for  dilating  the  cervix  uteri 
in  the  induction  of  abortion  or  premature  labor.  B.'s 
Method.     See   Treatment,  Methods  of. 

Barograph  [bar'-o-graf)  [  Idpoc,  weight  ;  -ypd<peii>,  to 
record].      A  self-registering  barometer. 

Baromacrometer  [bar-o-mak-romr -et-er)  \fidpoq,  weight; 
pnKpoc,  long;  pkxpov,  measure].  An  apparatus  for 
ascertaining  the  weight  and  length  of  new-born  infants. 

Barometer  [bar-om/ -et-er)  [/Sdpoc,  weight;  ptrpov,  a 
measure].  An  instrument  for  determining  the  weight 
and  tension  of  the  atmosphere.  It  consists  essentially  of 
a  glass  tube  about  36  inches  long,  closed  at  one  end, 
filled  with  mercury,  and  inverted  in  a  basin  of  mer- 
cury. The  mercury  will  sink  in  the  tube  until  it  rests 
at  a  height  of  about  30  inches  at  the  sea-level,  the 
height  varying  as  the  atmospheric  pressure  increases  or 
diminishes.  B.,  Aneroid,  a  metallic  box  from  which 
the  air  has  been  exhausted,  the  tension  being  indi- 
cated by  the  collapsing  or  bulging  o<"  the  thin  corru- 
gated cover,  which  is  connected  with  a  movable  index. 
B. -maker's  Disease,  a  form  of  chronic  mercurial 
poisoning  among  the  workmen  who  make  barometers. 
It  is  due  to  the  inhalation  of  the  fumes  of  mercury. 

Barometrograph  (bar-o-met'-ro-graf).   See  Barograph. 

Baroscope  (bar'-o-skop)  \_jidpoc,  weight  ;  amnelv,  to 
observe].  An  instrument  used  for  determining  the 
loss  of  weight  of  a  body  in  air,  compared  with  its 
weight  in  a  vacuum.  A  form  of  baroscope  has  been 
invented  by  Esbach  for  the  quantitative  determination 
of  urea. 

Barosma  {bar-oz' '-mak)  [<3dpog,  heavy  ;  baiti],  smell].  A 
plant  of  the  order  Rutacea,  native  to  the  Cape  of  Go<  id 
Hope  and  vicinity  ;  several  species  of  which  yield  the 
Buchu  of  commerce. 


Barosmin    (b 


ar-oz 


-win)  [fiapog,  heavy;    bap?},  smell]. 


A  precipitate  from  the    tincture  of  Barosma  crenata. 

Dose  grs.  ij-iij.      Unof. 
Barras  (bar' -as)  [Fr.].      Turpentine  obtained  in  the  S. 

of  Erance,  chiefly  from  Pinus pinaster. 
Barrel-shaped  Chest.     See  Emphysema. 
Barrenness  (bar^-en-nes)   [ME.,  bareynesse~\.     Sterility 

in  the  female. 
Barrier's  Method.     See  Treatment,  Methods  of. 
Barruel's  Apparatus.     An  arrangement   for  charging 

water  with  carbonic  acid. 
Barsac  [bar-sank*)  [Fr.].      A  white  French  wine,  often 

with  a  bitter-sweet,  resinous  flavor. 
Bartholin,    Canal  of.     See  Duct.     B.,  Duct  of.     See 

Duct.     B.,  Foramen  of.     See    Foramina,  Tab  ' 

B.,  Glands  of.     See  Gland. 
Bartholinitis   [bar-tho-lin-i'-tis)    [Bartholin,  a    Danish 

13 


physician;  trie,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the 
vulvovaginal  gland. 

Bartisch's  Operation.      See  Operation,,   Table  of. 

Bartlett's  Apparatus.  A  splint  or  dressing  for  frac- 
ture ol  the  clavicle  with  dislocation. 

Barton's    Bandage.      See    Bandage.     B.    Fracture. 
See  f'raeture  and  Diseases,  Table  of      B.  Handker- 
chief, a  form  of  temporary  dressing  for  a  wound. 
Handkerchief  Dressing.   B.  Operations.    See  Opera- 
tions, Table  of. 

Baruria    [bar-u' '-re-aft)    [/Jdpoc,  heavy ;    ovpov,  urine]. 
Abnormally  high  specific  gravity  of  the  urine  ;  also  the 
ndition  ol  the  body  associated  therewith. 

Barwell's  Apparatus.  An  apparatus  for  the  treatment 
ol  talipes  by  mean-  of  continuous  traction  on  the  foot. 
B.  Operations.     See  Operations,  Table  of . 

Barwood  Red.     See  Pigments,  Con  pectus  of. 

Baryacoia  [bar-e-ak-oi'  aft).      See  Baryecoia. 

Baryecoia  (bar-e-ek-oi'-aft)  [  ;  ,  hardness  of  hear- 

ing].     Hardness  of  hearing;  partial  deafness. 

Baryencephalia  {bar-e-en-sef-a' '-It  aft)   [Bapbg,  heavy; 
•»/>'»  .  brain].      Dulness  of  intellect. 

Baryglossia  {bar-e-glos' -e-aft)  \fiapbq,  heavy;  yhuaaa, 
a  tongue].       Thick ,  slow  utterance. 

Barylalia  (bar-e-la' -le-aft)  \fiapve,  heavy;  /a/.ta, 
speech].  Thickness  and  dulness  of  speech ;  bary- 
phonia. 

Barymastia  [bar-e-mas/-te-aft)  [  lapvc,  heavy;    ui  - 
breast].      Same  as  Barymazia. 

Barymazia  (bar-e-ma'-ze-ah)  \fiapvc,  heavy;  pa£6c, 
breast].      Heaviness  or  large  size  of  the  mammas. 

Baryodmia     (bar-e-od'  -me-ah)     [  heavy;     bSpi/, 

odor].  A  heavy,  disagreeable  odor  ;  also  a  subjective 
sensation  as  of  a  disagreeable  smell. 

Baryodynia  [bar-e-o-dinf -e-aft)  \fjiapbc,  heavy ;  bdvvrj, 
pain].      Severe  pain. 

Baryphonia  (bar-e-fo' '-ne-aft)  [[iapir,  heavy ;  pi.  .  . 
voice].     A  difficulty  of  speech. 

Baryphonic  [bar-e-fon' -ik)  \fiapvc,  heavy  ;  tpuvi/,  voice]. 
Affected  with  baryphonia. 

Barysomatia  {bar-e-so-ma* '-she-aft)  \fiapvq,  heavy; 
autia ,  body].      Excess  in  the  weight  of  the  body. 

Baryta,  or  Barytes  (bar-i'-tah,  or  bar-i'-tes)  [fiapbg, 
heavy].  Oxid  of  barium.  See  Barium.  B.  Green. 
Same  as  Manganese  Green. 

Barythymia  [bar-e-tkim* '-e-aft)  [j3apvg,  heavy;  0vp:6g, 
mind].  A  melancholy,  gloomy,  or  sullen  state  of 
mind. 

Basaal    (ba'-sa-a/)    [Malay].      An    East    Indian    to  • 
Embelia  basal  :  it-  fruit  is  a  vermifuge  ;    its  leaves  are 
soothing  and  demulcent.      Unof. 

Basad  [ba'-sad)  \Jidaig,  a  foundation].  Toward  the 
basal  aspect. 

Basal  (ha' -sal)  [fidoic,  a  foundation].     Pertaining  to  or 
located  at  the  base.      See  Basilar.    B.  Ganglia. 
Ganglion. 

Basanastragala    (bas-an-as-tragf -al-aft)   [  lacavog,  tor 
ture ;  dorpayaTwc,  heel,  ankle],      (lout  in  the  heel  or 
ankle. 

Basculation  (bas-ku-la'-shun)  [Ii   .  --wing]. 

The  movement  by  which  retroversion  of  the  uterus  is 
corrected  when  the  fundus  i-  pressed  upward  and  the 
cervix  drawn  downward. 

Bascule  Movement  (bas'-kul  moozJ-me>r  fit.  bas- 
cule, a  swing].  The  recoil  of  the  heart  in  its  .systolic 
motion. 

Base  (/'as)  [  jcurig,  a  foundation].  The  lower  part,  as,  the 
base  of  the  brain.  In  chemistry,  an  element  or  radical 
that  combines  with  an  acid  to  form  a  salt.  The 
electro  positive  molecule  or  radical  of  a  compound.  In 
dentistry,  the  plate  upon  which  artificial  teeth  are  held. 
In  pharmacy,  the  most  important  part  of  the  prescription. 


BASE  B  \l  1     l'l  H  HER'S   ARM 


l!»l 


BASILYST 


In  microscopy,  the  portion  of  the  stand  of  a  micro- 
scope upon  which  it  rests.  It  i-  important  tor  steadi- 
ness. In  electro-therapeutics,  the  part  of  a  battery  upon 
which  arc  fastened  the  coil-posts  and  switches.  B., 
for  Artificial  Teeth;  in  the  construction  of  a  b 
for  artificial  teeth,  a  transfer  or  model  of  plaster  ol 
Paris  is  first  obtained.  Then  a  metallic  die  and 
counter  die,  if  the  base  is  to  be  of  metal,  are  procured, 
and  between  these  a  plate  of  suitable  size  and  thick- 
ness is  swaged.  See  Metallic  Base  and  Vulcanite 
Base.  B.,  Organic,  a  term  including  a  large  mini  ><  r 
organic  compounds,  especially  nitrogen  compounds, 
which,  like  ammonium,  unite  with  acids  to  form  salts. 
They  are  commonly  called  alkaloids. 

Base-ball  Pitcher's  Arm,  a  peculiar  condition  of  the 
arm  arising  from  over-use,  characterized  by  loss  of 
strength,  tenderness,  neuralgic  pains,  and  inflamma- 
tion and  hypertrophy  of  the  hone. 

Basecphysis     (bas-ek' -fiz-is)    [inn/r,  a    base,  a    foot; 
■    .  a  growing  out,  a  shoot].     In  biology,  a  branch 
springing    from   the    basal    joint,  as    in   the   limbs    of 
Crustacea.     Synonyms  Exognathite,  Exopodite. 

Basedow's  Disease.     An  exophthalmic  bronchocele ; 
called  also,  Exophthalmic  Goiter, and  I  .raves'  Disease. 
///./and  Diseases,  Tabl 

Basement  [bos' '-ment)  [Fr. ,  bassement"].  The  funda- 
mental portion.  B.  Membrane.  See  Membrane.  B. 
Tissue.     See   Tissue. 

Bas  Fond  (bah  fon(g))  [Fr.].  The  floor  of  the  urinary 
bladder. 

Basham's  Mixture.  Mistura  ferri  et  ammonii  acetatis. 
B.  Test.     See  nable  of. 

Basial  (ba'-ze-al)  [/Jdfftc,  a  foundation].  Relating  to  a 
base,  as  to  the  basion. 

Basi-alveolar  (ba-se-al-ver-o-lar)  [fiaotq,  foundation; 
alveolus,  a  little  trough].  Relating  to  the  basion  and 
the  alveolar  point. 

Basiarachnitis  (ba-se-ar-ak-ni'-tis)  [Baots,  foundation; 
V17/,  a  spider ;  ir/r.  inflammation].      Inflammation 
of  that  part   of   the  arachnoid  that  corresponds  to  the 
base  of  the  skull. 

Basiator  (ba-ze-a' -tor)  [basiare,  to  kiss].  The  orbicu- 
laris oris  muscle.     See  Muscles,  7 

Basibracteolate    (ba-se-brak' '-te-o-lat)    [basis,  a    ba 
bracteola,  a  little  bract].      In  biology,  having  the  base 
surrounded  by  bracts,  as  the  dandelion. 

Basibranchial  (ba-se-brangf -ke-al\  [ba  , a  base;  bran- 
chics,  gills].  In  biology,  applied  to  the  one  or  more 
skeletal  pieces  forming  the  base  of  gills  or  branchiae. 

Basic  [ba'-sik)  [Qaats,  a  foundation].  Having  proper- 
lies  the  opposite  of  those  of  acids.  An  acid  capable 
of  uniting  with  a  single  monad  atom  or  radical  is  called 
monobasic.  One  that  will  unite  with  two  monad  or 
one  dyad  atom  or  radical,  etc.,  is  said  to  be  dibasic. 
This  measure  of  the  power  of  an  acid  is  called  its 
basicity.     B.  Blue.     Same  as  Spirit  Blue. 

Basicerite  (bas-is' '-er-lf)  [Boots,  base;  iclpag,  horn]. 
The  second  joint  of  the  antenna  in  a  crustacean. 

Basicity  (bas-is' '-it-e)  [Boats,  foundation].  I.  The 
quality  of  being  bade.  2.  The  combining  power  of 
an  acid. 

Basicranial     (ba-se-kra'-ne-al)      [Boots,    foundation; 

.  the  skull],      Relatingto  the  base  of  the  skull. 

B.   Axis,   a  line    running    from    a   point    midway   be 

tween  the    occipital    condyles    through    the    median 

plane  to  the  junction  of  the  ethmoid  and  presphenoid. 

Basidigital  ba-  e-dif -it-aV)  [  Jdfftc,  foundation  ;  digitus, 
a  finger].  Pertaining  to  the  bases  of  the  digit-.  B. 
Bone,  any  metacarpal,  or  metatarsal  bone. 

Basidiogenetic     (ba  -id  n    1'  ik\       >         Hum,    a 

spore-producing  cell  origin].      In    biology, 

produced  on  a  basidium. 


Basidiospore  (bas-id'-e-o-spdr)  [basidium,  a  spore-pro- 
ducing cell  ;  Oiropa,  seed].  One  of  the  spores  pro- 
dined  upon  a  basidium. 

Basidium  (bas-idf-e-um)   [dim.   of    \&aiq,  a   base:  />.'., 
■  /<//</].    In  biology,  a  large  cell  in  the  higher  fungi, 
borne  on    the   hyiiienium   and    producing  spores  at  its 
free  end. 

Basifacial  (bas-e/a/-shal)  [basis,  foundation  ;  fades, 
face].  Pertaining  to  the  lower  portion  of  the  face. 
B.  Axis,  in  craniometry,  a  line  from  the  anterior 
point  of  the  premaxilla  to  the  anterior  point  of  the 
basicranial  axis. 

Basifixed  (ba' '-se-fikst)  [basis,  base  ;  fixus,  fixed].  In 
biology,  attached  by  the  base. 

Basifugal    (bas-if-u-gal)    [     ■  ■  ,    a   base;    fugere,    to 
].      In  biology,  derived  from,  or  proceeding  away 
from  the  base;  acropetal;  centrifugal. 

Basigynium  (bas-ij'-i^-e-um)  [  -incur,  a  base  ;  yvn, ,  a 
female:  igynial.     See  Gynophore. 

Basihyal  [bas-c-hi'-al)  [basis,  base  ;  boeidhi ,  shaped  like 
the  letter  upsilon].  Either  one  of  the  two  bones,  one 
on  each  side,  that  form  the  principal  part  of  the  body 
of  the  hyoid  arch. 

Basihyoid  (bas-e-hi'-oid).     See  Basihyal. 

Basil  (ba'-sil)  [-iaat'/iKor,  royal].  A  kind  of  mint, 
Ocymum  basilicum  ;  aromatic  and  carminative.  The 
name  i-  given  to  other  related  plants.       Unof. 

Basilad  (bas'-il-ad)  [Boots,  foundation].  Toward  or 
to  the  base  or  basilar  aspect. 

Basilar  (bas/-il-ar)  [Boots,  base].  Pertaining  to  the 
base,  usually  of  the  skull.  B.  Artery,  the  artery  ex- 
tending between  the  borders  of  the  Pons  Varolii ; 
through  its  branches  it  supplies  the  substance  of  the 
pons.  See  Arteries,  Tableof.  B.  Aspect,  the  view  of 
the  head  looking  toward  the  base  of  the  skull.  B. 
Membrane,  a  membranous  division-wall  separating 
the  scala  vestibuli  from  the  scala  tympani,  extending 
from  the  base  to  the  apex  of  the  cochlea,  and  sup- 
porting the  organ  of  Corti.  B.  Process,  a.  strong 
quadrilateral  plate  of  bone  in  front  of  the  foramen 
magnum.  B.  Suture,  the  suture  formed  by  the  junc- 
tion of  the  basilar  surface  of  the  occipital  bone  with 
the  posterior  surface  of  the  body  of  the  sphenoid. 

Basilary  (bos'  -il-a-re).     Sec  Basilar. 

Basilateral  (bas-e-lat' -er-al)  [basis,  base;  latus,  side]. 
Both  basilar  and  lateral. 

Basilen  (bas/-il-en)  [basis,  base].  Belonging  to  the 
basilar  portion  in  it-elf. 

Basilic  (bas-il'-ik)  [basilicus;  QaoiTandc,  royal].  Any 
structure  or  medicine  of  importance  (obsolescent  |. 
B.  Vein,  a  large  vein  of  the  arm  on  the  inner  side 
of  the  biceps.      See   Vein. 

Basilicon  Ointment  (bas-iV '-ik-on  ointf-meni).  An 
ointment  composed  of  yellow  wax,  yellow  resin,  and 
Burgundy  pitch  aa  1  lb.,  olive  oil  ll.^xvj,  to  which, 
when  melted,  turpentine  ^iij  are  added.  It  is  called 
also  the  "four  drug"  ointment.  There  are  several 
other  ointments  bearing  this  name.      See  Resina. 

Basilo-bregmatic  (bas-il-o-breg-ma^-ih)[  )aau  .  found- 
ation;   Ipiy/ia,  the  sinciput].      Pertaining  to  the  I 
of  the  skull  and  the  bregma. 

Basilo-mental  (bas-il-o-men'-tal)  [basis,  base;  men- 
turn,  the  chin].  Pertaining  to  the  base  of  the  skull 
and  to  the  chin. 

Basil-thyme  (baf -sil-tlm)  [BooiXik6v,  royal;  %/iov, 
thyme].  A  European  species  of  mint,  Calamintha 
acinos  ;    aromatic  and  calmative.      Unof. 

Basilysis  (bas-il'-is-is)  [Boots,  base;  Mots,  a  loosen- 
ing]. The  breaking  up  of  the  fetal  skull  in  crani- 
ot<  imy. 

Basilyst  (bas'-il-ist)  [fi&ots,  abase;  "Kvots,  a  loosen 
ing].     An  instrument  for  use  in  craniotomy,  de-igned 


BASIN 


I!).". 


HATII 


to  perforate  the  cranial  vault  and  break   up  the  base  of 

the  skull. 
Basin  (ba'-sin)   [ME. ,  basin],      i.   The  third  ventricle 

of  the  brain.      2.   The  pelvis.      B.-Trap.      A  trap  or 

seat  in  the  outlet  of  the  basin  of  a  water-closet,  pla 

there  to  prevent  the  entrance  into  the  apartment   ol 

noxious  and  offensive  vapors  and  gases. 
Basinasal  (bas-e-naf-sal )  [basis,  base  ;  nasus,  the  nose]. 

Relating  to  the  basion  and  the  nasion. 
Basinerved     (bas,-in-ervd)    [basis,    a    base;     net 

nerve].      In   biology,  applied   to  a  leaf  having  all  the 

veins  or  nerves  springing  from  the  base. 
Rasi-OCCipital  (bas-e-oi-sip'-it-al)  [  inrr/g,  base;  occiput, 

the  back  of  the  head].      A    bone,   separate  in   many 

of  the  lower   vertebrate  animals,  forming  the  central 

axis  of  the  skull.      In  adult  human  life,  it  is  the  basilar 

process  of  the  occipital  bone. 
Basiocestrum  (bas-e-o-ses/-trum)  [(Jaaig ,  base ;  kcctt 

a  point].      A  perforator  for  use  in  opening  the   fetal 

head  in  craniotomy. 
Basio-glossus   (bas-e-o-glos1 -us)   [fidotg ,  base ;  yXuaaa, 

the  tongue].     That  part  of  the  hyoglossus  muscle  that 

is  attached  to  the  base  of  the  hyoid  hone. 
Basion  (ba/-se-on)  [  laoig,  base].      In    biology,  a  point 

of  measurement  in  craniometry,  located  at  the  middle 

of  the  anterior  margin  of  the  foramen  magnum.      See 

Craniomt  trie  Points. 
Basiophthalmite   (bas-e-off-thal' '-m.it)    [fiaaic,  a   base  ; 

b<  Sakfidg,  eye].      In  biology,  the  basal  joint  of  the  eye- 
stalk  in  a  stalk-eyed  crustacean. 
Bajiotic  (bas-e-of f-ik)   [fiaoig,  base  ;   ore,  ear].       Relat- 
ing to  the  base  of  the  ear. 
Basiotribe  (bos' -e-o-trib)  [/Jdatc ,  base  ;  rpifSeiv,  to  grind 

or  crush].      An  instrument  used  in  craniotomy  for  per- 

forating  or  crushing  the  fetal  head. 
Basiotripsy   (bas-e-ot'  -rip-se)    [(Jaaig,  base  ;  rpiSEiv,  to 

grind  or  crush].      The  operation  of  crushing  the  fetal 

head. 
Basipetal  (bas-ip/-it-al)  [basis,  abase;  petere,  to  seek]. 

In  biology,  applied  to  growth  in  plants  from  the  apex 

toward  the  base. 
Basipodite    (bas-ip'-o-d'it)    [0acig,   base;    irovg    (-■ 

foot].      The  basal  joint  of  an  arthropod  limb,  or  the 

joint  between  the  first  and  third. 
Basipterygial     (bas-ip-ter-if '-e-al)      [(laoig,     a    base ; 

KTepb)  wv,  a  little  wing,  a  fin].      At  the  base  of  the  fin. 
Basipterygoid  (bas-ip-ter'-ig-oid  i    [  iuatc,  base  ;  Trrepv- 

yiov,  a  little  wing].      Relating  to  the  base  of  the  ali- 

sphenoid  bone. 
Basirostral  (bas-e-ros'-tral)  [basis,  abase;    rostrum,  a 

beak].      In  biology,  having  to  do  with  the  base  of  a 

bird's  beak. 
Basirrhinal    (bas-ir-V-nal)    [.jaatc,   base;    pig,   nose]. 

Relating   to   the  base  of  the  brain   and  to  the  nose. 

Applied  to  a  cerebral  fissure  located  at  the  base  of  the 

olfactory  lobe. 
Basis  [/'/-sis)   [.laoig,  base].     Base,  17.7'.     The  Latin 

form  is  used   to  designate   the   lower  or  fundamental 

part  of  any  organ,  as  B.  cerebri,  />'.  cordce,  etc. 
Basiscopic    (bas-is-kop'  -ic)    [3dmg,    base ;    OKOTrelv,   to 

see].      Looking  toward  or  on  the  side  of  the  base. 
Basi-sphenoid    (bas-e-sfe'-noiit )    [/3&Oig,    base;     a 

wedge  ;  eldog,  form].    The  lower  part  of  the  sphenoid 

bone. 
Basisylvian  (bas-e-sil' '-ve-an)  [basis,  base;   Sylvius,  an 

anatomist].     Applied    by  Wilder  to    the     transverse 

basilar   portion  or  stem  of   the   Sylvian    fissure.      See 

Fissure,  Tabic  (and  Diagram). 
Basitemporal  (bas-e-tem' '-po-ral)  [basis, hase;  tempora, 

the  temples].      Relating  to  the  base  or  lower  part  ot  the 

temporal  bone. 
Basivertebral    [bas-e-ver' '-te-bral)    [basis,   base;   verte- 


bra, a  joint].      Relating  to  the  basis  or  centrum  of  a 
vertebra. 

Basophile  (ba  '  o-fil).      See  Basophilous. 

Basophilic  ybu> -o-ji/'-ic)  [p&aig,  ba  ,  to  love]. 

Combining  readily  with  i  -tamable  by  means  of 

ba  ii  ■  ■  . 

Basophiious    (bas-offf-il-u  .    [ffaaig,    basi  ;  ..   to 

love].      Stained    by   basic    rather  than    by  acid    d 
plied  to  certain  cells  and  tissue-elemeir 

Bassalia  le-ah)  [idic,  deep;  &A.ia, 

an  assemblage].      In  biology,  a  deep-sea  realm  distin- 
guished by  a  characteristic  fauna. 

Bass-deafness  (bas-def -nes)  [OF.,  basse,  low;  ME., 
defen\.  I  leafness  to  certain  bass-notes,  the  perception 
of   the  higher  notes  being  retained. 

Bassia  i      .  in    Italian    botanist].       A 

nus  oi  I..  Indian  and  African  sapotaceous  trees. 
The  mahua,  B.  /at//,  ia,  is  1  ultivated  in  India  for  it- 
edible  flowi  h  afford  on  distillation  an  alcoholic 
drink.  />'.  longifolia  and  B.  butyracea  afford  a  sort 
of  vegetable  butter.  The  bark  and  leaves  of  these 
three  species  are  used  in  rheumatism.      Unof. 

Bassini's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Bassora  Gum  (bas'-o-rah-gutri).  An  inferior  gum, 
much  used  in  adulterating  tragacanth. 

Bassorin  (bas/-o-rin)  [Bassora,  an  Asiatic  city], 
C6H10<  >5,  or  2C6H10<  »,.  A  tasteless,  odorless  vegeta- 
ble mucilage,  insoluble  in  cold  water,  but  rendered 
soluble  by  alkalie- ;  it  is  found  in  gum  tragacanth 
Bassora)  and  in  cherry  and  plum  gums.  See  Carbohy- 
drates, Table  of. 

Bast  (bast)  [AS. ,  bast,  a  lime-tree].  The  inner  bark 
of  exogenous  plants.  The  fibrous  parts  of  the  bark 
are  used  in  making  cordage,  and  have  a  limited  use  in 
surgery. 

Bastard  (bas'-tard)  [bastardus,  a  bastard].  1.  Ille- 
gitimate. 2.  In  biology,  having  the  appearance  of 
being  genuine. 

Bastards  (basr-tardz)  [bastardus,  a  bastard].  The 
name  given  to  an  impure  sugar  procured  by  concen- 
trating molasses  and  allowing  it  to  crystallize  slowly 
in  moulds. 

Bastelaer's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Bastose   (bas'-tos)    [AS. ,  bast,  a  lime-tree].      A   com 
bination  of  cellulose  and  lignin.  comprising  a  complete 
bundle  of  fibers,  as  in  jute,  or  merely  a  covering  upon 
the  unaltered  cellulose. 

Basyl    (ba'-sil)   [jiaotg,    base  ;  .    principle].      The 

electro-positive  constituent  of  any  compound. 

Bat  [bat  \  [ME.,  ball.  An  instrument  of  great  delicacy 
employed  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  for  the  detection  of 
minute  air-currents  issuing  from  the  lungs  of  those 
apparenthj  dead. 

Bateman's  Drops.  The  tinctura  pectoralis,  N.  F. ;  a 
weak  tincture  of  opium,  camphor,  and  catechu ;  a 
popular  remedy  in  coughs. 

Bates's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Bath  (bath)  [AS.,  bath,  a  bath].  A  bathing  place  or 
room.  The  medium  in  which  the  body  is  wholly  or 
partly  immersed.  As  therapeutic  agents,  baths  are 
classified  according  as  water,  vapor,  air,  etc. .  is  used  ; 
according  to  the  temperature,  as  hot,  temperate,  cold. 
etc.  :  according  to  the  end  desired,  as  nutritional, 
medicinal,  stimulant,  etc.  Special  forms  of  bath  are  the 
moor.,  peat,  mud-slime,  pine-leaf,  herb  (hay,  gentian, 
camomile,  juniper,  marjoram,  etc.),  brine,  sand,  tan, 
bran,  malt.  glue,  soup,  milk.  whey,  blood,  wine, 
guano,  starch,  soap.  acid,  iron,  sulphur,  carbonic  acid, 
compressed  air.  mustard,  electric,  etc.  B..  Acid,  add 
I  ',  ounces  of  nitric  acid  and  I  to  3  ounces  of  HC1  to 
gallons  of  warm  water  in  a  wooden  or  earthenware 
\    --el.  and  immerse  the  patient  in  this  for  about  10  to 


BATH 


L96 


r.ATii 


20  minutes  For  a  foot-bath,  add  'z  ounce  of  nitric 
acid  an>l  1  ounce  of  HC1  to  4  gallons  of  warm  water. 
This  is  said  to  be  useful  in  cases  of  dyspepsia  with 
sluggish  liver  and  constipation.  B.,  Air,  a  bath  in 
which  but  little  water  is  employed,  the  body  being 
Iv  to  the  air      It    i-   employed  in    those 

-  in  which  there  1-  a  tendency  to  catch  cold  from 
undue  facility  to  perspire.     B.,  Alcohol,  one  in  dilute 

hoi,  used    i"    reduce    temperature    in    fever.     B., 

Alkaline,   add    >    ounces   ol    potassium    carbonate, 

,,r  rbonate,  to    25    or    }>   gallons  of 

hot    water.       It    i-    used    in    chronic    squamous    skin 

-.    chronic     rheumatism,     and     lithemia.       It 

ild    be    taken    in    a     wooden,     earthenware,    or 

in.  lied    bath.      B.,   Arsenical,   bath.-    at    a    tem- 
from  900  to  070   F.,   containing  a  small 
quantity  <>!'  arsenic.     They  arc  used  onally  in 

the  treatment  of  rheumatoid  arthritis.  B.,  Blanket, 
a  method  employed  in  chronic  nephritis  i>>  stimulate 
the  diaphoretic  action  of  the  skin.  The  patient  is 
placed  in  bed  and  closely  wrapped  in  blankets,  a  hut 
iltice  being  applied  at  the  same  time  to  the  loins, 
and  renewed  a-  often  a-  it  becomes  cool.      B.,  Blood, 

consisting  of  the  blood  of  an  animal,  freshly  shed. 
B.,  Bog,  a  bath  formed  by  mixing  bog-earth  (gener- 
al :d  by  the  decomposition  of  plant-  in  tin-  presence  of 
water  and  found  at  iron  and  sulphur  springs)  with 
warm  water  to  form  a  pulpy  or  mushy  consistence. 
This  as  a  mud  bath.     B.,  Borax,  borax,  4 

ounces;  glycerin,  three  ounces;  water,  thirty  gal- 
lon-, h  i-  used  in  the  same  class  of  cases  a-  the  bran 
bath.  B.,  Bran,  boil  one  pound  of  bran  in  one  gal- 
lon of  water,  strain,  and  add  thirty  gallons  of  water. 
This  1-  a  soothing  and  emollient  bath,  and  i- of  service 
in  squamous  and  irritable  conditions  of  the  skin.  B., 
Brand  ;  Cold  bath.  The  tub  is  Idled  with  water  of 
The  patient  is  given  a  stimulant  of  one  half 
to  two  ounces  of  brandy,  the  face  and  chest  are 
laved  witli  ice-water,  and  then  he  is  gently  placed 
in  the  water.  The  attendant-  -hould  gently  pass  the 
flattened  outstretched  hand-  over  successive  parts  of 
the  body  to  dilate  the  superficial  cutaneous  vessels. 
Remove  the  patient  as  soon  as  the  teeth  begin  to 
chatter,  or  if  cyanosis  of  the  lips  or  face  appears. 
Usually  the  bath  -hould  be  continued  fifteen  minutes. 
Then  the  patient  is  laid  wet  on  a  sheet  and  quickly 
wrapped  from  head  to  foot,  then  dried  in  live  minutes 
and  hot  water  applied  to  the  feet.  See  Treatment, 
Met  B.,  Chemical,  in  chemistry,  an  appara- 

tus  for  regulating  the  temperature  of  chemical  pro- 
cesses by  surrounding  the  substance  with  water,  sand, 
oil,  or  mercury,  through  which  the  heat  i-  communi- 

1.  B.,  Cold.  See  B., Brand.  B.,  Corrosive- 
sublimate,  made  by  adding  mercuric  chlorid 
three    drams,    and     IK'l     one    dram,    to    30    gallons 

vater.      It    i-   -ometimes  of    service  in  secondary 

riilis  and  in  certain  skin-diseases.  B.,  Creasote, 
composed  of  creasote  three  drams,  glycerin  four 
outi  water  30  gallon-.      It  i-  used  in  squamous 

skin  diseasi  -       B.,  Electro-therapeutic,  a  bath  fur- 
nished with  suitable  elect •■  d  used  in  theappli 
tion  of  electricity  for  curative    purposes.     B.,   Foot, 
a  bath  for  tl               mly.     This  i-  used  as  a  derivative 
agent    in   cases  of  cold,  etc.      B.,  Full,  this  cons 
of   a  tub  about  two-third-    full    of    water,  the  duration 
and  temperature  beinj               I  to  the  purpose  in  view. 
The  patient's  body  may  ]>•■  entirely  covered  by  wal 
so  that  his  chin   just  (dear-  it.      B.,  Gelatin,  dissolve 
one  pound  of  common  glue  in  hot  water,  and  add  lie 
solution    to   the   plain   bath,  or   to   the   bran  bath,  and 
use    in    the    same    cl  as   the   latter       B., 
Graduated  Full,  a  modification  of  the    brand  bath. 


1  he  tub  1-   idled   with  sufficient  warm  water  to  cover 

two  thud-    of    the    recumbent    body.       The     patient     is 

then  laid  in  and  the  temperature  gradually  lowered  by 

the  addition  of  cold  oi    ice  water,   while  warm  water  is 

being  removed.      Friction  is  practised, as  in  the  Brand 

lath.  This  bath  lasts  half  an  hour,  and  the  water 
-hould  be  reduced  to  68  a-  rapidly  a-  possible,  B., 
Half,  the  patient  is  seated  in  a  tub  containing  eight 
or  ten  inches  oi   water  ol   a  temperature  suited  to  the 

ea-e.  A  wet  towel  is  tied  around  the  head,  and  the 
bath  water  i-  poured  and  dashed  Over  the  back,  head, 

and  shoulders  with  the  attendant's  right  hand,  while 
friction  i-  practised  with  the  left,  and  the  patient  does 

the    same    on    the  an'  rtion  oi    the    body.      The 

temperature  of    the  water    may  be    lowered    if    a    mi 

decided  impression  i-  desired.  The  bath  i-  continued 
for  from  five  to  twenty  minutes  with  active  friction. 
It  is  indicated  in  all  fevers  involving  a  depressed  ner- 
vous  system,  as  shown  by  ataxia,  deli  rum,  or  coma.  B., 
Herb,  made  by  using  the  extract  oi  pine  needle-,  or 
of  some  aromatic  herbs.  The  bath  i-  used  as  a  tonic. 
B.,  Hip.  See  />'. ,  Site.  B.,  Hot,  the  temperature 
from  1040  to  no0  F.  It  acts  upon  the  -kin, 
producing  free  perspiration,  and  accelerates  the  pulse 
and  respiration.  B.,  Hot-air;  Turkish  bath;  the 
patient  i-  placed  in  a  box  (French  method),  hi-  head 
being  outside,  and  the  box  is  filled  with  hot  air  furnished 
be  a  lamp.  In  the-  ordinary  l'urki.-h  bath  tin-  patient  i- 
compelled  to  inhale  the  air  within  a  closed  compart- 
ment. Hot  air  baths  can  be  borne  of  a  much  higher 
temperature  than  vapor  baths.  They  provoke  more 
profuse  sweating,  and  raise  the  temperature  of  the 
body  to  a  great<r  1  -.tent.  They  are  useful  as  a 
diaphoretic,  and  in  catarrhal,  neuralgic,  and  rheumatic 
conditions.  They  are  contraindicated,  as  is  also  the 
vapor  bath,  in  fatty  degeneration  of  the  heart.  B., 
Iron,  half  an  ounce  oT  sulphate  of  iron  to  four 
gallons  ol  water.  Use  in  an  earthenware  or  wooden 
vessel.  This  is  valuable  for  strumous  or  rachitic 
children.  B.,  Medicated,  a  bath  in  which  medicinal 
substances,  as  mineral  -alt.  sulphur,  etc.,  are  dis- 
solved or  held  in  suspension.  B.,  Mercurial,  for 
the  treatment  of  syphilis.  Calomel,  20  to  60  grain-. 
or  a  mixture  of  15  grains  of  calomel  and  20  grains 
of  cinnabar  are  fused  over  a  water  bath.  The 
patient  i-  -tripped  and  enveloped  in  one  or  more 
blankets,  or  a  mackintosh  or  India  rubber  blanket 
lined  with  flannel.  The  lamp  and  mercury  are  placed 
under  his  chair,  and  the  former  lighted.  In  a  few 
minutes  perspiration  i-  induced  and  the  sublimed 
calomel  is  deposited  upon  the  body.  Twentyto  thirty 
minutes  are  sufficient  for  a  bath,  after  which  the  patient 
i-  allowed  to  cool  ofl  slowly,  This  is  best  taken  before 
retiring.  B.,  Milk,  a  bath  in  milk,  for  nutritive  pur- 
poses. B.,  Moor,  a  bath  in  water  mixed  with  the  earth 
of  moors.  B.,  Mud,  a  bath  prepared  by  mixing  well- 
I  earth-,  containing  more  or  less  mineral 
matter,  with  water  containing  the  same  substano 
d  he  body  is  surrounded  with  this  mixture  at  various 
temperatures  from  9  »°  to  too0.  The  path  nl  1-  then 
rinsed  with  warm  water.  This  is  of  value  in  some  Utei 
ine  diseasi  5,  and  in  obstinate  rheumatism.  B.,  Mus- 
tard, made  bj  em  losing  two  to  four  ounces  of  ordinary 
mustard  in  a  piece  of  muslin  or  thin  linen  and  hang 
ingit  in  about  four  gallons  of  hot  water  until  the  latter 
becomes  yellow.  It  i-  u-ci\  a-  a  general  bath  for 
infant-  in  collapse,  convulsions, or  severe  bronchitis, 
the  child  being  left  in  until  the  -kin  becomes  distinctly 
reddened.  It  i-  also  used  as  a  fool  or  -it/  bath  in 
norrhea.  B.,  Pack,  or  Sheet,  one  in  which  the 
body  is  wrapped  in  cloths.  B.,  Permanent.  Sei 
/>'..  Warm.     B.,  Pine,  prepared  by  adding  a  decoction 


BA  I  II 


1!)? 


BATRA<  II'  'I'llolilA 


of  pine-needles,  or  some  pine  extract,  to  hoi  water.  It 
is  mildly  stimulating,  and  i-  employed  in  hj  steria,  gout, 
and  rheumatism.  B.,  Rain,  consists  of  from  four  to 
six  three  fourths  circles  of  pipes  set  ured  I  it  a 

distance  of  two  to  three   inches        I  pi] 

lines  of  fine  perforations,  from  which  the  stream 
under  pressure,  striking  the  bod)  oi  the  patient  at  all 
points  with  considerable  force.  I  In-  ma)  be  used  as 
a  substitute  for  the  dripping  sheet.  B.,  Russian, 
one  in  which  the  air  of  the  room  is  saturated  with 
•  11  by  throwing  water  upon  heated  mineral  or 
metallic  substances,  after  whicb  the  bather  is  rubbed 
down,  finishing  with  a  cold  douche.  See  />'.,  Vapor. 
B.,  Sand,  the  body  of  the  patient  is  surrounded  in  a 
tub  with  a  layer  of  dry,  warm  sand  that  has  i 
naturally  or  artificially  heated,  the  temperature  ranging 
from  950  to  1200.  The  duration  of  the  bath  i-  from 
one  to  one  and  a  half  hours.  The  head  is  wrapped  in 
a  wet  towel  and  permitted  to  lie  outside  <>i  the  sand. 
The  after  treatment  is  the  same  as  that  after  a  hot  air 
bath.  This  is  of  value  as  an  emollient  procedure.  In 
chemistry,  the  immersion  of  a  crucible,  etc.,  containing 
a  chemic  compound  in  a  vessel  containing  fine  sand,  the 
latter  being  heated  gradually  to  a  high  temperature. 
B.,  Sea-water,  more  stimulating  and  tonic  in  its 
effects  than  fresh  water.  It  may  be  given  cold, 
tepid,  or  hot.  It  may  be  made  away  from  the  sea- 
shore by  dissolving  bay-salt  or  rock-salt  in  fresh 
water,  four  to  nine  pounds  of  salt  to  30  gallons 
of  water.  It  is  useful  in  convalescence,  chlorosis, 
and  strumous  diseases.  B.,  Sheet,  the  application 
of  cold  water  to  the  body  through  the  medium  of 
a  sheet  or  towel  of  fine  or  coarse  texture,  placed  upon 
the  skin.  The  patient  is  wrapped  in  a  linen  sheet, 
wrung  not  quite  dry  out  of  water  at  a  temperature  of 
from  6d°  to  700.  A  rubber  cloth  and  a  blanket  are 
spread  over  the  bed  to  protect  it.  As  the  sheet  dries 
small  quantities  of  water  are  poured  with  one  hand 
from  a  vessel  or  sponge  upon  a  limited  part  of  the  body, 
beginning  with  the  chest.  With  the  other  extended 
hand  rapid  passes  are  made  over  this  spot  until  it 
becomes  a  little  warmer.  Successive  parts  ot  the  body 
are  thus  treated  except  the  forearm-,  hands,  feet,  and 
legs.  The  patient  is  then  dried  and  made  comfortable. 
This  is  applicable  in  all  febrile  affections  with  high  tem- 
peratures, except  in  chest  or  abdominal  diseases. 
B.,  Shower,  a  familiar  form  of  the  douche.  The  water 
is  delivered  from  a  nozzle  with  numerous  perforation--, 
that  may  be  attached  to  a  hose,  striking  the  body  in 
a  divided  stream.  B.,  Sitz,  the  patient  sits  in  the  tub 
with  the  feet  outside  upon  a  raised  surface  and  blanket, 
so  that  the  popliteal  spaces  are  not  encroached  upon 
by  the  edge  of  the  tub.  The  water  should  reach  the 
umbilicus.  It  is  useful  in  obstinate  diarrhea,  menor- 
rhagia,  subinvolution  of  the  uterus,  and  pelvic  inflam- 
mations. B.,  Slime,  a  bath  in  water  mixed  with  the 
slimy  deposit  of  organic  matter  found  in  rivers  or 
ponds.  B.,  Sponge,  one  in  which  the  patient'-  body  is 
rubbed  with  a  sponge  and  water.  It  i-  used  to  reduce 
temperature.  B.,  Starch,  starch,  one  pound  ; 
water.  30  gallons.  This  is  used  as  the  bran 
bath.  B.,  Sulphur,  potassium  sulphid  four  to  eight 
ounces  in  30  gallons  of  water  ;  a  little  sulphuric 
arid  may  lie  added.  It  is  used  in  certain  skin 
diseases,  -rabies,  lead  colic,  and  lead  palsy.  B.. 
Sulphurous-acid,  a  means  of  applying  the  fumes  "t 
burning  sulphur  to  the  body.  The  patient  is  seated  on 
a  cane-bottomed  chair,  and  a  blanket  or  oil-cloth  is 
thrown  round  him,  the  head  remaining  uncovered. 
<  in  the  floor  beneath  the  chair  i-  a  pan  containing  a 
little  water,  and  in  this  is  placed  a  -mailer  vessel  con- 
taining   small    pieces    of    sulphur.      A    little    spirit    ot 


wine  is  poured  over  tin-,  and  ignited,  and  sulphurous- 
acid  gas  is  evolved.     B.,  Sun,  the  therapeutic  1 

ol  the  naked  body  to  the  sun's  ray  -.  B.,  Surprise,  an 
ancient  and  obsolete  form  of  bath  for  insane  and 
hysterica]    patients,   who    were   ui  tedly  plui 

into  cold  water.  B.,  Tepid,  the  temperature  ol  the 
water  ranges  from  850  to  95°  F.  It  acts  mainly  upon 
the  skin  .1-  .1  sedative,  cleansing,  and  detergent  agent; 
the  pulse,  res]  iration,  ex<  retii  tion,  and  ten 

ature  are  practically  unaffected,  B.,  Turkish,  one  in 
which    the  bather  i-  placed  suc<  -  in  room-  ol 

higher  temperature,  then  shampooed  or  nibbed,  and 
finally  stimulated  by  a  douche  oi  <  old  wati 
Bath,  Hot-air.  B.,  Vapor  ;  Russian  bath;  tin- may 
be  given,  a-  the  Turkish  bath,  in  a  box.  by  permitting 
steam  from  a  pipe  to  permeate  it.  providing 
escape,  or  the  patient  may  inhale  the  vapor  within 
a  closed  compartment,  the  whole  surface  being  at  the 
same  time  exposed  to  its  influence.  A  higher  temper- 
ature can  be  borne  than  in  the  hot-water  bath,  though 
for  a  shorter  time.  It  i-  useful  to  provoke-  profi 
spiration.  It  should  be-  followed  by  brisk  fricti 
B.,  Warm,  the  tub  is  tilled  with  water  at  any  temper- 
ature near  that  of  the  body,  say  900  to  1040.  The 
patient  lies  quietly  in  it,  and  obtains  the  effei  t 
of  warmth,  moisture,  and  water-pressure.  It  \~. 
used  to  calm  the  nervous  system,  produce  sleep, 
and  allay  reflex  instability.  The  continuous  :.<7rw 
bath,  called  by  Hebra  the  permanent  bath,  is  made 
by  suspending  a  sheet  in  the  tub  as  a  ham- 
mock. The  patient  lies  upon  this  surrounded  by 
water  that  is  kept  at  an  equable  temperature  (warm) 
by  a  proper  arrangement  of  in-and-out-flow  It  i- 
used  in  the  treatment  of  extensive  burn-  and  wound-. 
B.,  Water,  a  bath  of  water.  It  may  be  cold  |  6o°-; ; 
or  tepid  (85°-95°),  or  hot.  In  chemistry,  a  bath  1  t 
water  for  immersing  vessels  containing  substances  that 
must  not  be  heated  above  the  boiling-point  of  water. 
See  />'..  Mud ;  B.,Sand;  /<'..  Sun. 

Bathmic  (bath'-mik)  \_t3a6fi6q,  a  threshold].  Relating 
to  bathmism. 

Bathmis  [bath' -mis).      See  Bathmos. 

Bathmism  (bath'-mizm)  [/$ad/i6g,  a  threshold].  That 
supposed  modification  of  chemical  force  which  is 
active  in  the  processes  of  nutrition. 

Bathmos  [bath'-mos)  [lattuoc,  SaOftlg,  a  little  fossa]. 
A  shallow  depression  or  fosset. 

Bathwort  (bath' '-wert)  [Corruption  of  birth~a<oii\.  The 
plant  Trillium  erectum  :  also  7'.  pendulum  :  esteemed 
in  domestic  practice  as  deobstruent.      L'nof. 

Bathybius  {bath-ib' -e-us    |  life].     A 

name  applied  by  Huxley  to  a  >ticky  form  of  deep-sea 
ooze,  formerly  supposed  by  him  to  be  a  widely-extend- 
ing sheet  of  living,  primitive  protopla-m. 

Bathycentesis  [bath-e-sen-te* '-sis)   [  lath  < .  deep  ; 

-    ,  puncture].      .V    deep    surgical    puncture;     deep 
acupuncture. 

Bathystixis     {bath-e-stiks' -is)     [/3a0ic,    deep;     <n 
puncture].      Deep  acupuncture 

Batiator  See   Vernonia  nigritiana. 

Batoir  {bah-ti.var')  [Fr.,  beater].     See 

Batophobia  {bat  •'  heighl 

fear].      I.    Acrophobia  ;    dread    of    being  great 

height.  2.  Dread  of  high  object-:  fear  of  passing 
near   a   high  building,  or  of   going   through    a  deep 

vail 
Batrachoid    (baf-rak-oid)    [      "  \  a    frog;     eMoc, 

form].      Frog-like. 
Batrachophagous     (bat-rak  ">:,    a 

frog  :  v,  to  eat].      In  biology,  frog-eating. 

Batrachophobia  (bat-rak-o-fo' -be  rpa  roc,  a  frog; 

.  fear].      Morbid  dread  of  toad- and  frogs. 


BATRACH(  »PLAS1  Y 


1  si- 


BATTERY 


Batrachoplasty  [bat* -rak-o-pla       <[  ,  a  frog; 

ranula ;   rr\dooetv,lo  mold].     Plastic    surgical   o] 
don  for  the  cure  >>l    ranula. 
Batrachostomous     i  <at-rak-os' '-to-mu  .    a 

frog  .  mouth] .     In  biology,  frog-mouthed. 

Batrachus  |       Ranula. 

Battalism 

Battarism  ir-ism)[  ,a stuttering].  Stut- 

tering or  stammi  i 
Battery  ating  ;   batti  rj  ].      A 

•    apparatus  ana' 
produce   increased   or  multiple    effect,   as   battery 
.   prisms,   lenses,    galvanic    cells.      I  sually 
plied  to  a  series  >>f  cells   producing  electricity  (vol- 
taic or  galvanic  battery);  also,  frequently  to  a  single 
cell.  .   B.,  Primary,  the  combination  of  a  number  of 
primarj  >  as  to  form  a  single  battery.     B.,  Sec- 

ondary, the  combination  of  a  number  ol  storage  cells 
t"  form  a  single  electric  source.  The  following 
table  shows  the  materials  used  in  the  more  important 
batteries,  and  the  electro-motive  force  (E.  M.  F.)  in 
ts.  Storage  or  secondary  batteries  are  not  included 
in  the  table.  The  common  form  of  these  i.->  a  series 
of  lead  plates  carrying  ina~>es  of  lead  oxid. 


Grenet  Cell  for  Therapeutic  Apparatus. 


NAMES, 

ELEMENTS,  FLUIDS,  ETC.,  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  BATTERIES. 

N  ime  of  Cell. 

rivE  Ele- 

MEN1  . 

Xkgative  Element. 

Exciting  Agent. 

Depolarizing  A. 

E.  M.  F. in 
\  "i-TS. 

Bun> 

Zinc. 

Carbon. 

Sulphuric  acid,  dilute. 

Nitric  acid. 

1.75  to  1.96 

Beetz. 

Zinc. 

Copper. 

Zinc  sulphate  in  plaster 
of  Paris. 

Copper  sulphate,  in  plas- 
ter of  Paris. 

1.04 

Callaud. 

Zinc. 

Copper. 

Solution    of   zinc    sul- 
phate. 

Cupric  sulphate. 

1.0  to  1  14 

Daniel. 

Zinc. 

Copper. 

Zinc  sulphate. 

Cupric  sulphate. 

1.  to  1. 14 

Edison-Lalande. 

Zinc. 
Zinc. 
aud. 

Cupric   oxid  and  car- 
bon. 

Potassium  hydroxid. 

Cupric  oxid. 

075 

. 

Carbon. 

Zinc  chlorid. 

Potassium     dichromate 
and  hydrochloric  ai  id 

i-5 

ity.    See  Call 

Gaiffe. 

Zinc. 

Silver. 

Zinc  chlorid. 

Silver  chlorid. 

1.02 

net. 

Zinc. 

Carbon. 

Sulphuric   acid   and  po- 
tassium dichromate. 

Chromic  acid. 

2.0 

Grove. 

Zinc. 

Platinum. 

Sulphuric  acid,  dilute. 

Nitric  acid. 

1.94  to  1.97 

Latimer  Clark. 

Zinc. 

ary. 

M>  K  uric  sulphate. 

Mercuric  sulphate. 

1.436 

Leclanche. 

Zinc. 

Carbon. 

Ammonium  chloi  id. 

Manganese  dioxid. 

1.42 

Lelande 

Chaperone 

Zinc. 

Copper  or  iron.                Potassium  hydroxid. 

Cupric  oxid. 

0.98 

Maische. 

Zinc  scraps  in 
abatli  of  mer- 
cury. 

Platinized  carbon. 

Common  salt  solution. 

None  separate. 

1-25 

■  Davy. 

Zinc. 

Carbon. 

Sulphuric  acid,  dilute. 

M(  i'  uric  sulphate. 

152 

Maynooth. 

Iron. 
Carbon. 

Sulphuric  a<  id,  dilute. 

Nitric  acid  fstri 

Niaudet. 

Zinc. 

Common  salt  solution 

Chlorated  lime. 

Poggendorf. 

Zinc. 

Carbon. 

Potassium     dichromate 

and  sulphuric  acid. 

Chromii  a 

1.98 

Schanschieff. 

Zinc 

Carbon. 

M<  •-■  urial  solution. 

None  separate. 

Si  rivanoff. 

Zinc. 

Silver. 

ssium  hydroxid. 

Silver  chlorid. 

1-5 

Smee. 

Zinc. 

Platinized  silver. 

Sulphuric  acid,  dilute. 

None. 

0.5  to  1.0 

Walker 

Zinc. 

Platinized  carbon. 

Sulphuric  acid,  dilute. 

None 

0.66 

Warren  de  la  Rue. 

Zinc. 

Silver. 

Ammonium  <  hlorid. 

Silver  chlorid. 

1.05 

IJATTKVS  nl'KKA  I  ION 


199 


BEBEERU   BARK 


Battey's  Operation.     Sec  Operations,  Table  of . 

Battledore   (patf-l-dbr)   [ME. ,  batyldore\     An  instru- 
ment shaped   like  a  racket.     B.  Hands.     See   A 
megaly,      B.  Placenta,  one  in   whi<  h  there  is  a  d 
ginal  insertion  of  the  cord. 

Battology  {bat-ol' -o-je)  [  •  i  repetition]. 

The  idle  or  meaningless  repetition  of  words. 

Baudelocque's  Diameter.       In  obstetric  5,  the  external 
conjugate  diameter  of  the  pelvis.     B.  Method. 
'/>■  atment,   Methods  of. 

Bauden's  Apparatus.  See  Set/tin's  Apparatus.  B. 
Law.  See  I.a-<o.  B.  Operations.  See  Operations, 
Table  of. 

Bauer's  Apparatus,  an  apparatus  for  extending  the  leg 
in  hip-disease.  I  he  extension  may  be  varied  by  means 
of  a  rack-and-pinion  arrangement. 

Bauhin,  Valve  of.     The  ileocecal  valve. 

Bauhin's  Glands.     See  Gland. 

Baum's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Baunscheidt's  Method.      See  Treatment,  Methods  of. 

Baunscheidtism  U>awnf-shit-izni).  [Named  from 
Baunscheidt,  the  inventor].  A  mode  of  treating  rheu- 
matism or  other  chronic  neuralgias  by  counter-irrita- 
tion, the  latter  being  produced  by  pricking  the  exterior 
of  the  part  affected  with  fine  needles  dipped  in  oil  of 
mustard,  formic  acid  or  other  irritant. 

Bavarian  [bav-a' -re-an)  \_Bavaria~\.  Pertainingto  Ba- 
varia. B.  Blue.  See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  B. 
Splint,  a  variety  of  immovable  dressing  in  which 
the  plaster  is  applied  between  two  flannel  cloths. 

Bay-berry  [ba'-ber-e)  [ME.,  bay;  bery\.  i.  The 
berry  of  the  Lauras  nobilis,  bay,  or  noble  laurel.  2. 
The  wax-myrtle,  Myrica  cerifera,  and  its  fruit.  See 
Myrica.  3.  The  pimento,  or  allspice.  B.  Rum  and 
B.,  Oil  of.  See  Myrcia.  B.  Tree,  the  Laurus 
nobilis;  also  Prunus  laurocerasus ;  commonly  called 
the  laurel  and  the  cherry  laurel.  B.  Aqua  Lauro- 
cerasi.     See  Acid  Hydrocyanic,  Dilute. 

Baycuru  (bi-koo'-roo)  [native  S.  A.].  The  root  of  a  S. 
American  plant,  Statice  braziliensis,  one  of  the  most 
powerful  astringents  known.  It  is  used  for  ulcers  of 
the  mouth  and  for  glandular  enlargements.  Dose  of 
the  fld.  ext.,  nvv-xxx.      Unof. 

Bayer's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Baynton's  Bandage.     See  Ban,: 

Bazin  (ba'-zin).      Synonym  of  Molluscum  contagiosum. 

Bazin's  Disease.     See  Diseases,  Table  of. 

Bdella  (del' -ah)  [/3<5t/./a,  a  leech].  A  leech.  See 
Hirudo. 

Bdellatcmy  [del-af '-o-me).      See  Bdellotomy. 

Bdellium  (del'-e-um)  [Heb.,  b'dolach'].  A  resinous 
gum  exuding  from  various  species  of  balsamodendron. 
B.,  Indian,  somewhat  valuable  as  an  emmenagogue. 

Bdellometer  {del-om* -et-er)  [vSi/'/a.  a  leech  ;  u>r/>ov,a. 
measure].  A  mechanical  substitute  tor  the  leech, 
consisting  of  cupping  glass,  scarificator,  and  exhaust- 
ing syringe. 

Bdellotomy  [del-of -o-me)  [  We/la,  a  leech;  toui,.  a 
cut].  The  opening  with  the  knife  of  the  body  of 
a  leech  that  is  drawing  blood;  by  this  means  the 
activity  of   the  leech  may  be  considerably  prolonged. 

Bdelygmia  (del-tg'-me-ah)  [fidefaryfiia,  disgust].  Ab- 
normal disgust  for  food.  That  which  is  abhorrent  or 
repulsive. 

Beaded    Hair.      Synonym  of  Monilethrix. 

Beads,  Rhachitic.  "  Khachitic  rosary;  "  the  so-called 
"beading  of  the  ribs"  in  rickets;  a  succession  of 
visible  and  palpable  swellings  at  the  points  where  the 
ribs  join  their  cartilages. 

Beak  [bek)  [ME.,  beeke~\.  I.  The  mandibular  portion  of 
a  forceps.  2.  The  lower  end  of  the  calamus  scrip- 
torius.      3.   The  pad  or  splenium  of  the  callosum.      4. 


In  biology,  the  rostrum,  snout,  or  some  corres]  onding 

part    ol     an  animal.      '1  he  apex  of    a   bivalve,  or  the 

(annular  lips  of  a  univalve  shell. 

Beaker  (be'-ker)  [ME. , biker].     A  wide-mouthed  glass 

•  1   much  used  in  chemic  laboratories.     B.  Ce^s. 

( ell. 

Beale's   Cold-flowing  Fluids.     For  injecting  tissues. 

Blue:    Dissolve   0.777    (iln-   of    potassium    fer- 

yanid    in  30  c.  c.   of  glycerin;    mix  3.6  c.  c.    of 

tinct.  ferri  chlor.  with  30  c.  c.  of  glycerin  ;  add  the  iron 

mixture,  drop  by  drop,  to  the  potassium  ferrocyanid 

solution.       Then    add    to    this  mixture    5.5    c.  c.    of 

methylic  alcohol,  30  c.  c.  of  alcohol,  and  88  c.  c.   of 

water,  shaking   strongly,     (b)  Acid   Glycerin   Fluid: 

Dissolve  0.194   gm.   oi    potassium   ferrocyanid   in  30 

c.  c.  of  strong  glycerin;   to  30  c.  c.  of  strong  glycerin 

add  10  drops  of  tincture   ferri  chlor.      Add  the  latter, 

drop  by  drop,  to  the  former,  with  constant   shaking. 

Then  add  30  c.  c.  of   water,  to  which  3  drops  of  Il<  1 

have  been  added.     This  fluid  flows  well  and  does  not 

ide  from  the  capillaries,      (c)   Carmin:  Mix  1  gm. 

of  pulverized  carmin   with  a  little  water  and  sufficient 

ammonia   to  dissolve  the   carmin;   add  50  c.  c  of  gly- 

ii  and  shake  well.  Then  add  gradually,  witli 
stant  shaking,  100  c.  c.  of  glycerin,  acidulated  with  25 
to  30  drops  of  1 1  CI  or  acetic  acid.  Test  the  fluid  with 
litmus  paper,  and  if  not  decidedly  acid  add  a  few  more 
drops  of  acid.  Then  add  25  c.  c.  of  alcohol  and  75 
c.  c.  of  water.  See  Stains,  liable  of.  B.  Solution, 
for  staining  histologic  preparations.  It  consists  of 
carmin,  1  gm.  ;  ammonia,  3  c.  c.  ;  glycerin,  96  c.  c; 
distilled  water,  96  c.  c ;  alcohol,  95  per  cent.,  24 
c.  c.  Dissolve  the  carmin  in  the  ammonia  with 
the  aid  of  heat,  boil  for  a  few  moments,  and  allow  to 
cool.  After  the  odor  of  ammonia  has  disappeared  add 
the  glycerin,  water,  and  alcohol,  and  filter.  If,  after 
standing  for  some  time,  the  carmin  precipitates,  add  a 
few  more  drops  of  ammonia. 

Bean  (/«•>/)' [ME.,  bene].  The  seeds  of  several  plants, 
mostly  Leguminosce,  especially  that  of  the  common 
bean,  Faba  vulgaris.  In  biology, the  rounded,  white, 
fleshy,  saccular  termination  of  the  ductus  ejaculatorius 
in  the  drone  bee.  B.  of  St.  Ignatius.  See  Ignatia. 
See  also   Tonka,  Vanilla,  Castor  oil,  etc. 

Bearberry  (bdr'-ber-e).      See  Uvaursi. 

Beard  [bird)  [ME.,  berde].  The  hair  on  the  lips, 
cheeks  and  chin  of  adult  men.  ( )n  women,  a  heard  is 
of  rare  occurrence,  and  is  sometimes  accompanied  by 
other  characteristics  proper  to  the  male  sex. 

Bearing-down.  The  feeling  of  weight  or  pressure  in 
the  pelvis  in  certain  diseases.  B.-d.  Pains,  uterine 
pains  in  labor.  Bearing-seat,  a  variety  of  the 
.  tpron  of  Succor,  </.  v. 

Bear's-foot.  Leaf  cup.  A  composite-flowered  plant, 
'ymnia  uvedalia  of  X.  America.  A  popular  remedy 
for  enlargement  of  the  spleen,  or  the  "  a^ue-cake  " 
of  malarious  regions.  B.  Ext.  Dose  gr.  ss— j.  B. 
Fid.  Ext.  Dose  n\iij-x.  B.  Infus.,  3J  of  an  ~] 
to  <  >j.      Unof. 

Beat  (bit)  [M  E. .  beten\.  The  pulsations  of  the  blood  in 
the  arteries,  or  the  impulse  of  the  heart.     See  Pulse. 

Beaten  Woman's  Herb.  The  European  plant,  Tamus 
communis  ;  so  called  from  its  vulnerary  qualities.  See 
Tamus. 

Beating  (bitf-ing).      See  Tapotement. 

Beaufils's  Operation.     See  Operations.  Table  of. 

Beauperthuy's  Method.  A  method  of  treating  leprosy 
by  bathing  with  olive  oil,  the  internal  administration 
of  mercuric  chlorid,  abstinence  from  salted  meats, 
and  good  hygiene. 

Bebeenn  (be-be/-rin).      See  Nectandra  and  Barine. 

Bebeeru  Bark  [be-be^-ru).     See  Nectandra. 


hi  ■■■  >  \r.ix<;  \ 


-I  M  i 


BEGUAN 


Beccabunga  [b       ■  \  plant  of  Europe, 

Veronica  b.  irmerlj  much  prized  in  medi- 

cine.     See   Veron 

Beccaria,  Test  of. 

Beche-de-mer  mlr)  [Port.,  bicho- do-mar, sea- 

worm].  [Tie  smoked  and  dried  bodies  of  Holothuria 
argus,a  sea  slug;  valued  bythe<  hinese  as  .1  culinary 
delicacy,  and  an  aphrodisiac.      I  uof. 

Bechesthesis  [   '  -•    cough;    diad^aig, 

sation].     The  sensation  in  the  throat  or  air-passages 
that  prompts  one  to  cough. 

Bechic  - ,  a    cough].     A 

remedy  lor  a  cough  ;  an  an ti bechic. 

Bechorthopnea  th-op-ne/ -ah)      [  1t/§,    cough  ; 

.  straight ;  rrveeiv,  to  breathe].     Cough  associated 
with  orthopnea.      A  synonym  of  Whooping-cough. 

Bechous  ..a  cough].      Pertaining  to  or 

affected  with  cough. 

Bechterew's  Nucleus.  The  accessory  auditory  nu- 
cleus. 

Becker's  Test.  A  test  for  astigmatism,  made  by  means 
of  a  set  of  parallel  lines  in  triplets  placed  in  various 
meridians. 

Beckmann,  Method  of.  A  method  for  the  determination 
of  the  depression  of  the  freezing-point.  A  hard  glass 
tube,  from  2  to  3  cm.  in  diameter,  with  a  lateral  pro- 
jection, is  filled  with  from  15  to  20  grams  of  the  solvent 
(weighed  out  accurately  in  centigrams),  and  closed 
with  a  cork  in  which  are  placed  an  accurate  ther- 
mometer and  a  stout  platinum  wire  serving  as  a  stirring- 
rod.  The  lower  part  of  the  tube  is  attached  by  means 
of  a  cork  to  a  somewhat  larger,  wider  tube,  which 
serves  as  an  air-jacket.  The  entire  apparatus  projects 
into  a  beaker-glass  filled  with  a  freezing-mixture.  Cold 
water  will  answer  for  glacial  acetic  acid  and  ice-water 
for  benzene.  The  congealing-point  of  the  solvent  is 
determined  by  cooling  this  to  from  i°  to  2°  below  its 
freezing  point  ;  then  by  agitation  with  the  platinum 
rod  (after  addition  of  platinum  dippings}  the  forma- 
tion of  crystals  is  induced.  The  thermometer  rises. 
When  the  mercury  becomes  stationary,  the  reading  in- 
dicates the  freezing-point  of  the  solvent.  The  mass  is 
allowed  tii  melt  and  an  accurately  weighed  amount  of 
substance  i-  introduced  through  the  lateral  projection. 
When  this  has  dissolved,  the  freezing-point  is  de- 
termined a-  before. 

Beclard's  Hernia.  See  Diseases,  Table  of .  B.  Opera- 
tion. See  Operations,  Table  of .  B.  Suture.  See 
Suture. 

Becorthopnea  [bek-orth-op-ne'  -ah).  See  Bechorthop- 
n  a. 

Becquerel's  Pills.  Pills  containing  quinin,  extrad  of 
digitalis  and  colchicum  seeds,  tor  use  in  gout. 

Becuiba  '  l>,:h)  [native    Brazilian  name].      The 

tree  Myristica  ficuhyba  of  Brazil.  Its  nuts  afford  a 
"  tallow,"  or  balsam,  useful  in  rheumatism  and  piles. 
U\ 

Bed  [bed)  [  VS.,  hedd\  The  couch  or  support  on 
which  the  bod)  may  rest  in  sleep);  usually  a  man: 
of  straw,  hair,  or  similar  substance.  B.,  Air,  a  mat 
tress  of  rubber  or  leather  that  can  be  inflated  with 
air.  B.-bug  an  apterous  insect,  Cimex  lectularius, 
that  infests  filthy  bedsteads,  and  .11  times  is  parasitic 
upon  the  human  body.  See  Cimex.  B.-case,  a 
form  of  hysteria  or  hypochondriasis  in  which  the 
tent,  without  cause,  persistently  remain-  in  bed. 
B.-pan,    a  hallow    vessel    for    receiving    the 

alvine  discharges  from  bedridden  patients.     B.-rest, 
an  apparatus   for  propping   up  patients    in   bed.      B.- 
ridden,  confined  to  bed.      B.-sore,  a  sore  produced 
on  any  projecting  pari  of  the  body  by  prolonged   | 
sup  ied,   and    by  nutritive    changes    in 


paralyzed  parts.  B.,  Water,  a  rubber  mattress  con- 
taining water;  it  i-  used  to  prevent  the  formation  of 
bed  sores. 

Bedegar,  Bedeguar  [bed*  (  \r. .  Pel  twar, 

a  white  thorn].      An  insect  made  gall  found  on  r< 
bushes  of  various  species.      It  is  astringent,  but  is  not 
n<  iw  used  in  regular  medicine. 

Bedlam  [bed'-lam)  [ME.,  bedlem,  a  corruption  of  Beth- 
lehem  j.       A  mad  hou-e. 

Bedlamism  [bed' -lam-izm)  [see  Bed/ami.     Insanity. 

Bedlamite  [bed* -lam-it)  [see  Bedlam],  A  madman  ; 
an  insane  person. 

Bednar's  Aphthae.    See  Aphtha,  and  Diseases,  Table  of . 

Bedouin  Itch.  A  synonym  of  the  vesicular  variety  of 
Lichen  tropicus. 

Bee  [be)  [AS.,  bi\.  A  genus  of  insects  belonging  t" 
the  Hymenoptera,  commonly  used  to  designate  the 
i  ominon  I  loney  Bee,  Apis  mellifica  [q.  v.).  B. -bread, 
a  preparation  of  pollen  with  which  bees  till  certain 
cells.  (The  propolis,  or  hive-resin,  is  also  incorrectly 
called  bee-bread. )  B. -poison,  the  irritating  secretion 
discharged  through  the  sting  of  the  bee.  See  Formic 
Acid. 

Beech  [beck).     See  Fagus. 

Beech-drop  [btch' '-drop).      See  Cancer  Root. 

Beef  [bif)  [ME.,  befe\  The  flesh  of  domestic  cattle. 
Good  beef  should  be  of  red  color,  possess  firm  texture, 
and  be  free  from  unpleasant  smell.  Beef  consists 
mainly  of  water  73,  fibrin  15,  gelatin  4,  albumen,  3, 
fat  and  other  substances  5  per  cent.  B. -extract, 
the  soluble  fibrin  of  lean  meat  partly  desiccated.  B.- 
measles.  See  Cyslicercus  bovis.  B.-tea,  the  soluble 
extractive  matter  of  beef,  made  by  steeping  finely-cut 
lean  beef  with  its  weight  of  water,  and   straining. 

Beer  (ber).  See-  Malt  Liquors.  B. -vinegar.  See 
/  rinegar. 

Beer's  Cataract  Knife.  A  knife  with  a  triangular-shaped 
blade,  for  making  section  of  the  cornea  in  the  removal 
of  the  crystalline  lens.  B.  Operations.  See  Opera- 
tions, Table  of. 

Beeswax  [biz'-waks).  Cera  /Jura  ;  wax  secreted  by  bees, 
of  which  their  cells  are  constructed;  ordinarily  it  is  a 
mixture  of  cerotic  acid,  myricyl  palmitic  ester,  hept 
sane,  hentriacontane,  and  several  alcohols.  The  crude 
melted  wax  is  a  tough,  compact  mass  of  yellow  or 
brownish  color,  granular  structure,  faint  taste,  and 
honey-like  odor.  When  bleached  it  becomes  white. 
Its  specific  gravity  is  .059  to  .969;  its  melting-point 
620  to  640  C.  It  is  used  in  making  candles,  oint- 
ments, ami  pomades. 

Beet  [bit).     See  Beta. 

Begbie's  Disease.     See  Diseases,  Table  of. 

Beggiatoa  [bed-je-at-o' -ah)  [after  the  Italian  botanist, 
J.  Beggiato].  A  genus  of  arthrosporous  bacteria 
founded  by  Trevisan  (1833),  consisting  of  swinging 
or  gliding,  milk-white,  gray,  rosy  to  violet  thread-.. 
They  di  e    sulphur  compounds,   and   store    up 

sulphur  granules  in  their  protoplasm.     They  are  found 
in  stagnant,  fresh,  or  salt  water,  particularly  that  con 
taminated  by  sewage  or  factory  waste.     See  Bacteria, 
Synonymatic  Tab/, 

Begin's  Operation.      See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Begma  [begf-mah)  \fifiyna,  a  cough:  pi.,  Begmata\ 
\  cough  ;  tin-  matt'  torated  by  coughing. 

Begonia  [be  1  [after  Begon,  a  French  savant]. 

An  extensive  genus  of  flowering  plants,  mostly  natives 
ot  warm  regions.  />'.  octopetula  and  tomentosa,  of 
Peru,  are  astringent.  />'.  balmisiana,  oi  Mexico,  and 
various  other  species  are  locally  prized  as  alteratives. 
Unof. 

Beguan  |  '  'an)  [native  S.  America].  A  bezoar 
obtained  from  nana,  a  large  species  of  lizard. 


BEHEN  M    I 


201 


BENZALDEHYD 


Behen-Nut  [be'-hen  nut).  The  seed  of  Moringa 
pterygosperma,  and  .11.  aptera,  tree  oi  tropical  coun- 
tries.    They  afford  Oil  of  Behen,  or  OiloJ  B  ■;/. 

Behenolic  Acid  [be-hen-ol'-ik).     Sec  Acid. 

BeindorfTs  Apparatus.  A  furnace  for  boiling  water, 
in  use  in  pharmai  i< 

Bela  [be'-Iah)  [Hind.].  The  dried,  hall  ripe  fruit  of 
Aegle  marmeios,  or  Bengal  quince.  It  i-  a  valuable 
remed\-  for  chronic  diarrhea  and  dysentery.  The  ripe 
fruit  is  slightly  laxative.  Dose  3-ss-j.  B.,  Ext. 
Liq.  (B.  P.).      Dose  3J-ij.      Unof. 

Belching  [belch'-ing)  [M  I'..,  belehen].  'Die  expulsion 
or  throwing  up  of  gas  from  the  stomach.      Eructation. 

Belemnoid  {pel  cm'-uoid)  [ii?.e/ivovt  a  dart].  I.  Dart- 
shaped;  styloid.  2.  The  styloid  process  of  the  ulna 
or  of  the  temporal  bone. 

Belenoid  [beP-en-od).     See  Belonoid. 

Bell  {pel)  [ME,  be/].  A  hollow,  metal  sounding- 
instrument.  B.  gastrula.  See  Archigastrula.  B. 
Metal,  an  alloy  of  copper,  zinc,  tin,  and  antimony. 
B.,  Nerves  of.  The  external  and  internal  respiratory 
nerves,  etc.  B.  Sound,  the  sound  produced  in  pneu- 
mothorax by  striking  a  coin,  placed  flat  upon  the 
chest,  by  another  coin.  It  can  be  heard  through  the 
stethoscope  placed  over  the  affected  side. 

Bell's  Disease.  See  Periencephalitis  and  Diseases, 
Table  of.  B.  Law.  See  Law.  B.  Mania.  See 
Periencephalitis  and  Diseases,  'Fable  of.  B.  Oper- 
ations. See  Operations,  Table  of.  B.  Palsy  or 
Paralysis.      See  Diseases,  Table  of. 

B-elladonna  {bel-ah-dcmf-ah)  [It.,  belladonna,  beautiful 
lady].  Deadly  Night-shade.  A  perennial  plant  of 
the  order  Solanacea,  indigenous  to  Southern  Europe 
and  Asia,  and  cultivated  in  the  U.  S.  Its  proper- 
ties are  due  to  two  alkaloids,  atropin  and  belladonnin, 
the  latter  thought  to  be  identical  with  hyoscyamin. 
Both  leaves  and  root  are  employed.  It  is  a  mild  nar- 
cotic and  anodyne  and  a  powerful  mydriatic  ;  also  an 
antispasmodic,  and  in  small  doses  a  cardiac,  respiratory 
and  spinal  stimulant.  It  is  valuable  in  the  inflamma- 
tion of  rheumatism,  in  gout,  and  in  neuralgia.  Dose  of 
the  root  and  leaves  gr.  j.  B.,  Folia,  the  leaves  of 
belladonna.  B.,  Radix,  the  root  of  belladonna.  The 
preparations  of  the  leaves  are  :  B.,  Extractum  Alco- 
holicum.  Dose  gr.  -pj—E  B.,  Tinct.,  15  per  cent. 
1  lose  rnj-xxx.  B.,  Unguent.,  contains  extract  10, 
dilute  alcohol  6,  benzoated  lard  84  parts.  From  the 
root  are  prepared  :  B.,  Abstractum.  Dose  gr.  y5— j. 
Unof.  B.,  Emplastrum,  alcoholic  ext.  of  leaves  20. 
resin-plaster  40,  soap-plaster,  40.  B.,  Extractum 
Fluidum.  Dose  TT\j-v.  B.,  Linimentum,  fluid 
extract  95,  camphor  5.  B.,  Succus  (B.  I'.).  Dose 
rriv-xv.  B.,  Japanese.  See  Scopolia.  Atropin 
sulphate,  an  excellent  antidote  in  opium-poisoning. 
Lamellae  atropinae  (B.  P.),  each  containing  of 
atropin  r,^s  grain.  Liq.  atropinae  sulphatis  (B. 
P.).  Dose  mj-yj.  Unguentum  atropinae  (B. 
P.),  grs.  viij  to  the  ounce.  See  Atropin.  Dose  gr. 
J<Jo~^V      Homatropin.      See  Atropin. 

Belladonnin  [bel-ah-donr -in)  [see  Belladonna'],  C']:II,..- 
N<  >r  An  alkaloid  found  in  Belladonna.  It  resem- 
bles atropin,  hyoscyamin,  and  hyoscin.  It  occurs 
with  atropin,  and  is  likewise  decomposed  into  tropic 
acid  and  oxytropin  (C8H15N02).      See  Belladonna. 

Belleric  {bel-er'-ik)  [Pers.,  ball  la  h].  A  variety  of 
myrobalan  {</.  v.)  •  the  fruit  of  Terminalia  fellerica. 

Bellini,  Ducts  of.     See  Ducts. 

Bellocq's  Canula.  An  instrument  used  in  plugging 
the  nares. 

Bellon  (bcl'-on)  [origin  unknown].  Painter's  (or  lead) 
colic.      See  Colic. 

Bellows  [bel'-oz)   [ME.,  belowes\     An  instrument  for 


propelling  air  through  a  tube  or  small  orifice.  B.  and 
Blow- Pipe,  a  circular  bellows  nine  or  ten  inches  in 
diameter,  with  a  -mall  gum  elastic  tube,  three  or  lour 
feet  in  length,  terminating  in  a  tapering  metallic  tube, 
to  be  attach-  \,\nw  pipe  leading  from  it. 

bellows  i-  worked  by  tin-  loot,  while  with  the  blow- 
pipe held  iii  the  hand,  a  jel  of  flame  from  a  lamp  may 
lie  projected  on  the  object  designed  to  be  heated.  B. 
Murmur,  the  Bruit-de  souffle,  q.  v.;  also  the  funic 
or  placental  souffle. 

Belly  [bel'-e)  [ME.,  My].  See  Abdomen.  B.-ache. 
See  Colic.  B. -bound,  vulgar  lor  constipated.  B.- 
button,  the  navel. 

Belmas's  Operation.     See  <['  >-,, linns,  Table  of 

Beloid  (be'-lcid)  [  ''/or,  an  arrow],      Arrow-shapi 
styloid. 

Belonephobia     [bel-o-ne-fo* -be-ah)     \  a     pin ; 

].      A  morbid  dread  of  pins  and  needb- 

Belonoid  {belf -on-oid)  [,^/o/7/,a  needle,  bodkin]. 
loid  ;  needle-shaped. 

Belt  {belt)  [ME.,  bell].  A  girdle  about  the  waist.  B., 
Abdominal,  a  broad,  elastic  belt  worn  about  the 
abdomen  as  a  support  during  pregnancy.  B.,  Mag- 
netic, a  belt  consisting  of  plates  of  metal  fasti 
upon  a  strip  of  felt  moistened  with  dilute  acid.  It  i^ 
a  cure-all  largely  sold  by  empirii 

Ben,  or  Benne  Oil  [ben,  or  bcu'-e).  Oleum  balatinum, 
is  obtained  by  expression  from  the  seeds  of  the  several 
species  oi Moringia.  It  is  a  colorless,  odorless  oil, 
not  readily  turning  rancid.  It  i-  used  by  perfumers 
for  extracting  odors,  and  for  lubricating  clocks  and 
light  machinery.      See  Behen-nut  and  Sesame. 

Bence  Jones's  Albumin.      See  Albumin. 

Bendas's  Method.      See  Stains,  Table  of. 

Bending  [bendf-ing]  [ME.,  bend].  Active  Swedish 
movements  in  which  the  body  is  bent  or  inclined  in 
various  directions  in  order  to  develop  certain  portion- 
of  the  muscular  system. 

Benedictine  [ben-e-dik' '-tin)  \benedicere,  to  bless].  A 
liquor  or  cordial  originally  prepared  by  Benedictine 
monks,  and  distilled  at  Fecamp,  in  Erance.  It  much 
resembles  chartreuse  and  trappistine. 

Benedikt,  Syndrome  of.  Paralysis  of  the  muscles  sup- 
plied by  the  oculo-motor  nerves  of  one  side  and  tremor 
and  paresis  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the  other  side. 

Beng  [beng).     See  Cannabis Indica. 

Bengal  [benf-gal)  [Hind.,  Bengal"].  A  province  of 
India.  B.  Quince.  See  Bela.  B.  Red.  Same  as 
Rose  Bengale. 

Bengalin  [benr -gal-in)  [Hind.,  Bengal].  Same  as 
Coupler's  Blue. 

Benger's  Food.  Partially  digested  and  solidihed  beef- 
tea,  used  as  a  food  for  invalid-. 

Benham,  Gland  of.     See  Gland. 

Benham's  Operation.    See   Operations,  Table  of. 

Benign  [be-ninf),  or  Benignant  [be-uig'-nant)  \benig- 
nus,  kind].  A  term  applied  to  medicines  that 
are  characterized  by  mildness.  It  is  used  chiefly  to 
distinguish  tumor-  that  are  not  malignant  (a.  v.)  or 
carcinomatous. 

Benjamin,  or  Gum  Benjamin  {ben' -jam-in).  See 
/>'  nzoin. 

Bennett's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of 

Benson's  Operation.      See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Bent's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Tabl 

Benzal  {ben'-zal).  See  Benzylidene.  B.  Green. 
Same  as  Malachite  Green. 

Benzaldehyd  [ben-zaV -de-hid)  [benzoin:  aldehyd], 
C.H.O.  Bitter-almond  oil ;  a  compound  that  results 
from  the  oxidation  of  benzyl  alcohol  :  it  is  a  colorless 
liquid  with  a  plea-ant  odor,  and  boils  at  1700:  its 
specific  gravity  is  1 .050  at  150.      It    is   soluble   in   30 


1:1  \/Al  I..  IXIN 


21  »•-• 


Bl  \/\  1. 


parts  water,  and  is  miscible  with  alcohol  and  .ether. 
It  is  used  in  making  benzoic  acid  as  well  as  various 
pigments.     B.  Green.     Same  as  Malai  kite  Green. 

Benzaldoxin  .  I  TH.,\'  '       A  thick  oil 

formed  by  the  action  of  hydroxylamin  upon  benzal- 
dehyd. 

Benzamid  \mid],   (.11 

A  compound  that  results  when  benzoyl  chlorid  acts 
upon  alcoholic  ammonia.  It  i-  best  obtained  by 
heating  benzoic  acid  and  ammonium  thiocyanate  to 
i-  i  It  crystallizes  in  pearly  Leaflets,  melts  at 
i  |o°,  and  b  288°  ;    it  is  readily  soluble  in  licit 

water,  alcohol,  and  ether.  It  may  be  regarded  as  the 
amid  of  ben 

Benzanilid  anilin],  C3HU- 

V  i       Bi  ■  soyl-anilid,  prepared  by  the  action  of  ben- 
.1  chlorid  on  anilin.     It  is  used  as  an  antifebrile  in 
children,  in  i  gr.  iij-viij. 

Benzene  'in],  C6H6.      A    hydrocarbon 

altar.      It  is  formed  by  the  dry  dis- 
tillation of  all  benzene  acids.      It  is  a  mobile,  ethereal- 
smelling  liquid,   of   .specific  gravity  0.S99  at   O0.      It 
out  o°,  melts  at  -+-  6°,  and  boils  at  80. 50. 
It  burns  with  a  luminous   (lame.      It  readily  dissolves 
fats,    sulphur,    iodin,    and  phosphorus.      It    is 
material  from  which  anilin  and  the  anilin  colors 
are   derived.       B.-sulphonic    Acid,   C,;I  b.  S<  >.,!  I ,    is 
ared  by  boiling  together  equal  parts  of  benzene 
and  H2S04.      It  occurs  in  small  plates,  readily  soluble 
in  alcohol  and  water,  and  which  deliquesce  in  the  air. 
In  it-  dry  distillation   the  acid  yields  benzene  phenyl- 
sulphone,   and  when  fused  with  caustic  potash  phenol 
is  produced. 

Benzidin  (benf-zid-in)  [benzoin],    C^H^N,.    Diamido- 

diphenyl  :    a  compound  obtained  by  the  action  of  tin 

and  1 1 C  "1   upon  the  alcoholic  solution  of  azo-benzene. 

zidin  dissolves  easily  in  hot  water  and  alcohol,  and 

crystallizes  in  silvery  leaflets,  melting  at  122°. 

Benzil  b  u'-zi!  1  [benzoin],  C14H10O2.  A  compound 
produced  in  the  oxidation  of  benzoin  with  chlorin. 
It  crystallizes  from  ether  in  large,  six-sided  prisms, 
melting  at  900  and  boiling  at  3470. 

Benzimid  im-id)  {benzoin;  amid"],  C.JI^N  1  I  . 

A  compound  formed  by  the  action  of  hydrocyanic 
acid  on  hydrid  of  benzoyl.  It  occurs  also  in  the 
resinous  residue  of  the  rectification  of  the  oil  of  bitter 
almond-. 

Benzine  //).     See  Benzinum. 

Benzinum  [ben-zif -num)  [L. :  gen.,  />'  mini"],  benzine, 
Petroleum  Ether.  A  purified  distillate  from  Ameri- 
can petroleum,  having  a  specific  gravity  of  .77  to  .79, 
boiling  at  8o°  to  900  C,  colorless,  of  ethereal  odor, 
and  a  slightly  peppermint-like  taste.  It  is  a  valuable 
solvent  for  oils,  fats,  resins,  caoutchouc,  and  some 
alkaloids.  It  is  a  vermicide  against  tapeworm.  It 
should  be  distinguished  from  Benzol,  which  is  called 
B  "  >•■  by  English  chemists.  Dose  gtt.  v-x,  on 
it  or  in  mucilage. 

Benzoate  i  [b  nzoin].      Any  salt  of  benzoic 

acid.      B.  of  Naphthol.      -  i-naphthol. 

Benzoated  ■'  )     [benzoin].       Impregnated 

with  benzoin  or  with  benzoic  acid. 

Benzoic  ].      Pertaining  to  or  de 

rived   from  benzoin.      B.  Acid.      Sec  Acid. 

Benzoin  , ,  ;M  ].      \  resin 

obtained  fn  native  to  Sumatra 

and  Siam.  It  is  also  a  ketone  alcohol,  C,4H12<  >.„  and 
may  be  produced  by  oxidizing  hydrobenzoin  with  con- 
centrated IIN't  ),.  It  is  sparingly  soluble  in  water,  cold 
alcohol,  and  ether,  and  crystallizes  in  shining  prism-, 
melting  at  134°-  It  is  used  as  a  remedy  for  bronchitis 
and  in  making  court-plaster.      It  occurs  in  tears  con- 


sisting of  several  resin-  agglutinated  by  a  balsam.  It 
yields  benzoic  and  cinnamic  acids,  is  antiseptic  and 
disinfectant,  and  is  used  mainly  as  a  stimulant  ex] 
toranl  in  chronic  bronchitis.  Sodium  and  potassium 
compounds  air  sometimes  used  in  place  of  like  salicylic 
acid  compounds.  Adeps  benzoinatus,  benzoinated 
lard,  contains  2  per  cent,  of  benzoin.      B.,  Tinct.,  20 

percent,  of  the  resin  in  alcohol.      I •  Zss— j.      B., 

Tinct.  Comp.,  Friar's  Balsam,  benzoin  1 -\  aloes  2, 
st\  rax  8,  balsam  of  Tolu  4,  alcohol,  q.  s.  ad  1 00  pa  in. 
Dose  Jjss-ij.  Benzoic  Acid,  <  7 1 ',,'  > ..  alcohol  the  besl 
solvent.  A  constituent  of  opii.  tinct.  campliorat. 
Dose  gr.  x-xxv.  Trochisci  Acidi  Benzoici  (B.  P.). 
Unguentum  Cetacei  (B.  P.).  See  Cetaceum.  Ammo- 
nium Benzoate,  water  the  best  solvent.  I  >•  im-  gr. 
v— xxx.     Bismuth  A  .  an  antiseptic  dressing  for 

chancroid.     Lithium  Benzoate .    D  v— xxx.     ■ 

urn  Benzoate,  water  the  best  solvent.     I  >ose  gr.  v— 5jj. 

Benzol  [ben'-zol)  [benzoin],  C.'(;II(;.  A  hydrocarbon 
formed  by  the  dry  distillation  of  organic  substances, 
but  derived  chietU  from  coal-tar.  It  is  inflammable 
and  very  volatile,  and  is  an  excellent  .solvent  for 
grease.  It  is  used  internally  to  destroy  epizoa.  Its 
vapor  is  used  in  whooping-cough.  Dose  gtt.  v-x. 
See,  also,  Stains,  Table  of.  B.  Balsam.  See  Stains, 
Table  of.  B.  Colors.  See  Conspectus  of  Pigments, 
under  Pigment. 

Benzo-naphthol  (ben-zo-naf'-thol)  [benzoin;  va<pda,  a 
kind  of  asphalt],  <  ',,,1 17<  >(<  7I I ,'  'i.  The  benzoate  of 
beta-naphthol,  used  as  an  intestinal  antiseptic  in 
typhoid  fever  and  other  intestinal  diseases.  1  >ose  gr. 
ij  to  viij. 

Benzonitrile  {ben-zo-ni'-tril}  [benzoin;  nitrum,  niter], 
C.IbX.  Cyanbenzene;  a  compound  isomeric  with 
phenyl  carbylamin.  It  is  obtained  from  benzene  sul- 
phonic  acid  by  distillation  with  potassium  cyanid.  It 
is  an  oil  with  an  odor  resembling  that  of  oil  of  bitter 
almonds,  and  boils  at  I9I0;  its  specific  gravity  is 
1.023  at  o°. 

Benzophenone  (ben-zo-fe* '-non)  [benzoin;  (polviE,  pur- 
ple-red], C,:!II]nO.  Diphenyl  ketone;  a  compound  ob- 
tained by  distilling  calcium  benzoate.  It  is  dimorphous, 
but  generally  crystallizes  in  large,  rhombic  prisms, 
melting  at  48-490,  sometimes  in  rhombohedra,  that  melt 
at  270.      It  has  an  aromatic  odor  and  boils  at  2950. 

Benzophenoneid  (ben-zo-fe-no' '-ne-id  )  [bt  nzoin  ;  <bo 
purple-red].  Tetramethyl-diapsido-benzo-phenoid ;  an 
anilin  dye.  A  solution  of  one  part  in  200  parts  of 
water  has  been  pronounced  a  valuable  bactericide, 
neither  caustic  nor  irritant,  and  very  serviceable  in 
eye-diseases.      Unof. 

Benzopurpurin.      See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Benzoquinone  {ben-zof-qwin-dn).     See  Quinone. 

Benzosalicin  [ben-zo-saV-is-vi),     See  Populin. 

Benzosol  (!>cn  zo'-sol)  [benzoin],  Cj5HJ2Os.  Benzoyl- 
guaiacol,  an  agreeable  and  harmless  substitute  for 
creasote  in  tuberculous  affections.  It  also  has  antipy- 
retic properties      Dose  gr.  Lv— x. 

Benzoyl  [ben* -zo-il,  or  -zoil )  [benzoin],  C.H80.  I  In- 
radical  of  benzoic  acid,  of  oil  of  bitter  almond-. 
of  an  extensive  series  oi  compounds  derived  from  this 
oil,  or  connected  with  it  by  certain  relations.  B.- 
ecgonin,  C1BH18N04H,  a  substance  intermediate  in 
composition  between  cocain  and  ecgonin.  B.-Gly- 
cocoll.  See  A,  id,  Hippuric.  B.Green.  Same  as 
Malachite  Green,  B.-Pseudo-tropein.  See  Tropa- 
I  in . 

Benzyl  (beir'-zil)  [benzoin],  <  ,-H7-  An  organic  ra- 
dical that  dor-  not  exist  in  the  free  state,  but  in  com- 
bination forms  a  considerable  number  of  compounds. 
B.  Alcohol.  See  Alcohol.  B.  Violet.  See  Pigments, 
Conspectus  ■ 


hi  \/\  I  [DENE 


■jo:: 


BE!  II    R0<  n 


Benzylidene  [ben  il'-id  n)  [benzoin],  C7H6.  A  bi- 
valent radical  derived  from  benzoin  compounds. 

Beral's  Apparatus.  In  pharmacy,  an  apparatus  for 
effecting  lixiviatii  >n. 

Berard's  Aneurysm.  Sec  Aneurysm  and  Diseases, 
Table  of.     B.'s  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Beraud,  Ligament  of.    The  ligament  thai  suspends  the 
pericardium.     B.,  Valve  of,  a  valve  supposed  t"  i 
at  the  bottom  of  the  lachrymal  sac  over  tin-  entra 
to  the  nasal  duct. 

Berberin  [ber^-ber-in)  \berberina :  g  //..  Berberina>], 
C20H1TN<  »,.  An  alkaloid  found  in  the  bark  of  Berb 
ami  in  many  other  plants  of  exceedingly  various 
botanic  character.  It  iN  a  tonic  to  the  capillary 
vessels  and  increases  the  blood-pressure.  It  is  recom- 
mended as  a  tonic  and  antiperiodic,  and  is  an  ingre- 
dient of  various  lotion.-;  lor  the  mucous  membranes; 
it  is  useful  in  nasal  catarrh,  etc.     Dose  gr.  j-x.     Unof. 

Berberis  {per1 -ber-is)  [L.].  Barberry.  The  rool  of 
//  rberis  vulgaris,  or  common  barberry.  Its  properties 
are  due  to  an  alkaloid,  berberin,  C.,,,1  1 17X<.>4.  Ii 
an  astringent,  bitter  tonic ;  in  large  doses  a  cathartic. 
It  is  used  locally  in  conjunctivitis,  and  internally  in 
malarial  and  typhoid  fevers.  B.,  Ext.  Fid.  Dose  Tip, 
v— xxx.  B.,  Tinct.,  contains  20  per  cent,  of  the 
root.  Dose  TTyx-^j.  Berberin,  the  alkaloid.  Dose 
gr.  j-x.  B.,  Hydrochl.,  an  efficient  injection  in 
gonorrhea.  All  unof.  B.  asiatica,  B.  aquifolium 
(or  Oregon  grape),  and  B.  lycium  are  all  medicinally 
active,  and  have  similar  properties  to  those  of  the 
common  barberry. 

Bergamii,  Oleum  {ber-ga' '-me-i  o'-le-um).  Oil  of  Ber- 
gamot.     See  Bergamot. 

Ber~amot,  Oil  of  {per1 '-gam-ot)  [Bergamo,  a  town  in 
Italy],  C]0H]6.  A  volatile  oil  derived  from  the  rind  of 
the  Citrus  bergamia.  It  is  used  mainly  as  a  perfume, 
and  as  a  clearing-agent  in  histologic  work. 

Bergeron's  Disease.  See  Diseases,  Table  of.  B. 
Method.     See  Treatment,  Methods  of. 

Bergkrankheit  {barg,-kra{h)nk-hlt).  See  Mountain 
Sickness. 

Bergmann's  (von)  Operations.  See  Operations, 
Table  of 

Beri-beri  (ber'-e-ber'-,)  [Singalese,  beri ,  weakness]. 
A  dropsical  ailment,  occurring  in  an  acute  and  chronic 
form,  and  characterized  by  the  appearance  of  pleuritic 
or  pericardial  effusions,  "with  general  anasarca,  anemia, 
extreme  weakness,  and  paraplegia.  The  acute  form  is 
generally  fatal ;  recovery  frequently  takes  place  in  the 
chronic  form.  It  is  prevalent  in  India,  Japan,  and 
Ceylon,  and  is  most  common  among  men.  Its  cause 
is  not  known,  but  possibly  it  is  of  microbic  origin. 
Improper  diet  also  has  some  influence  upon  the  pro- 
duction of  the  disease. 

Berber  System  of  Sewage.    See  Sewage,  Disposal  of 

Berlin  Blue.     See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Berlin's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Berlinghieri's  Operation.     See    Operations,  'Table  of. 

Bernard,  Canal  of.  See  Canals,  Table  of.  B.'s  Granu- 
lar Layer,  the  inner  zone  of  the  cells  lining  the  acini 
of  the  pancreas.  It  is  granular  in  appearance  and 
stains  but  slightly  with  carmin. 

Bernay's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Bernheim's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Bernstein's  Theory  of  Muscular  Contraction.  He 
claims  that  the  scat  of  the  contraction  is  in  the  inter- 
stitial material  surrounding  the  system  of  inotagmata, 
and  that  it  consists  in  the  migration  of  that  labile 
material  from  pole  to  equator,  this  being  synchronous 
with  explosive  chemic  change,  sudden  disengagement 
of  heat,  and  change  in  the  electric  state  of  the  living 
substance. 


Berried   Tea         <  '  .A   popular  name  for  Gaul- 

tbiiria  procumbens. 

Berry  '     |  [ME.,  bery\     An  indehiscent  fruit  with  a 

pericarp  thai  1-  succulent  throughout,  as  the  grape  and 
seberry. 

Bert's  Experiment.  Bert  removed  the  skin  from  the  tip 
of  the  tail  of  ai  ted  it  into  the  skin  of  the  back 

of  the  animal,  and  after  union  had  taken  place  the  tail 
was  divided    at  it.-,  base.      Sensation    was   preserved. 
\.  rve  fibers  were  thus  proved  capable  of  transmitting 
impulses  in  both  directions.     B's.  Method.    See  .  h 
thetic. 

Berthold's  Method.     See  Myringo-plastic  Method. 

Bertillonage  (ber-til-lon-a(A)J)  \Bertillon,  a  French 
criminologist  J .       A     sys  f     carefully-recorded 

measurement!   and  descriptions  of  criminals,    for  the 
purpose    of     future      identification,     introduced      into 
France  by  M.  Bertillon   and  adopted  by  the  polio 
many  large  cities. 

Bertin,  Bones  of.  The  sphenoidal  turbinated  bones, 
partly  closing  the  sphenoidal  sinuses.  B.,  Column 
of,  a  cortical  column  of  the  kidney ;  the  part  separ- 
ating the  sides  of  any  two  pyramids.  B.,  Ligament 
of,  the  ilio-femoral  ligament.      See  Ligament. 

Bertrandi's  Suture.     See  Suture. 

Beryllium  {ber-ilf -e-um)  [,ii,iir/'/nr,  beryl].  A  bivalent 
metal  obtainable  from  the  beryl,  whence  its  name; 
it  is  called  also  glucinum.      See  Elements,  Table  of. 

Besnier's  Lotion.  A  wash  used  in  treating  acne.  It 
consists  of  precipitated  sulphur,  \yz  ounces;  glycerin, 
4  to  6  drams  ;  to  which  are  added  after  mixing,  spirits 
of  camphor,  6  drams,  rose-water,  a  sufficient  quantity. 

Besoin  (bez-wan(gY)  [Fr.].  A  desire  ;  an  impulse. 
/•'  •■•'in  tie  respirer,  the  sense  of  the  need  of  air  ex- 
perienced when  respiration  is  impeded. 

Bestiality  {bes-che-al* -it-e)  \bestia,  a  beast].  Unnatural 
intercourse  with  an  animal. 

Bestiarian  {bes-te-a'  -re-an')  \bestia,  a  beast].  An  anti- 
vivisectionist,  contemptuously  so  called  as  being  a 
professed  friend  of  the  beasts. 

Bestucheffs  Mixture  or  Tincture.  The  ethereal  tinc- 
ture of  chlorid  of  iron,  used  in  erysipelas.  It  is  made 
as  follows  :      R  .   Tinct.    ferri   ses  oridi,  1   part; 

spt.  ether,  nit.,  4  parts.  Mix  and  expose  to  the  ray-  of 
the  sun  in  well -closed  bottles  until  the  brownish  color 
disappears.  The  dose  is  one  to  two  teaspoonfuls  every 
three  hours. 

Beta  (beS-taA)  [L.].  1.  The  beet.  SeeBetin.  2.  The 
second  letter  of  the  Greek  alphabet,  used  in  chemic 
nomenclature.  B.  Angle.  See  Angle.  B.-naphthol. 
See  Naphthol. 

Betacism  [baf -tas-izm)  [beta,  [H/ra,  the  second  letter  of 
the  Greek  alphabet].  The  too-frequent  use  of  the  b- 
sound  in  speech,  or  the  comer-ion  of  other  sounds  into 
it. 

Betaln  (be-ta/-in)  [beta,  a.  beet],  C5HnN02,  orClnII.,.,- 
N204.  Called  also  Oxyneurin  and  Lycin.  A  basic  sub- 
stance obtained  by  the  careful  oxidation  of  cholin. 
It  occurs  already  formed  in  the  sugar-beet  [Beta  vul- 
garis)  and  crystallizes  from  alcohol  with  one  molecule 
of  water  in  shining  crystals  that  deliquesce  in  the  air  ; 
it  has  an  alkaline  reaction  and  a  sweetish  taste. 

Betel  {bef-tel)  [E.  Ind.].  A  masticatory  used  in  the 
1  1st.  A  few  grains  of  the  nut  of  the  1  at.  1  hu  palm, 
Areca  C,  are  rolled  up  with  a  small  amount  of  quick- 
lime in  a  leaf  of  Piper  betel,  and  chewed.  It  i-  tonic, 
astringent,  stimulant,  and  aphrodisiac,  and  increases 
the  powers  of  endurance.  Dose  of  fid.  ext.  3 j— iij- 
Unof. 

Beth  Root  {beth  root).  The  rhizome  of  Trillium  erecta, 
astringent  and  tonic  Dose  of  fid.  ext.  trixxx-gj. 
Triliin,  a  concentrated  ext.     Dose  gr.  ij-iv.     Unof. 


BI   1  IN" 


204 


BIENNIAL 


Betin  [bet-tin)  [beta,  a  beet].     A  precipitate  pre] 
from  .1  tincture  of  the  common  beet,      h  has  been  pro 
posed  a>  a  substitute  for  ergot.      Unof. 

Betol  i  .  <  ,„II7t  ».('.ll  ,' i..     Salinaphthol.    Naph 

thalol.  A  salicylic  ether  of  naphthol,  of  alleged  value 
in  rheumatism  and  cystitis.  It  resembles  salicylic 
acid  in  it-  properties.     Dose  gr.  x   xv.      Unof. 

Betony  .  l corrupt  form  of  vettonica~\ . 

Any  labiate  plant  of  the  genus  B  .  especially  />'. 

I  urope,  formerly  highly  prized   for  its 

medicinal   virtues,  which   are.    however,   unimportant. 

Unof. 

Bettmann's   Method.      See  Cataract,  Artificial  Matu- 

Betula  i    ■-' u •.'•  5i  e  Birch. 

Betulin  [bef-u-lin)  [belula,  birch],  ('.,.11,/'  (Haus- 
manm.  birch  resin,  or  birch  camphor,  derived  from 
the  bark  of  the  white  birch. 

Between-brain.       The  interbrain;  also  the  midbrain. 

Betz's  Cells.     S 

Bex  (/'.•  •.'■■■  [  \c.  a  cough].  A  cough,  or  disease  char- 
acterized by  coughing.  B.  convulsiva,  whooping- 
cough.       B.    theriodes.       Synonym    of    Whooping- 

Bezet  or  Bezette  i  be-zetf).     See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 
Bezoar  [b^-zo-ar)  [Ar. ,  bazahr,  the  bezoar-stone].     A 

name  for  certain  calculi  or  concretions  found  in  the 
stomach  or  intestines  of  some  animals  (especially 
ruminants),  formerly  supposed  to  be  efficacious  in  pre- 
venting the  fatal  effects  of  poison.  B.,  Vegetable. 
Calapite. 

Bezoardic  [bez-o-ar* '-dik)  [Ar.,  bazahr,  the  bezoar- 
stone].  I.  Acting  as  a  bezoar  ;  antidotal.  2.  Any 
alexipharmic  agent. 

Bezold's  (von)  Ganglion.     See  Ganglia,  Table  of . 

Bhang  [bang).     See  Cannabis  indica. 

Bhel  la. 

Bi-i'V)  [/'is,  twice].  A  prefix  signifying  "  twice  "  or 
"two;"  as  bicuspid,  with  two  cusps  ;  bilobed,  twice 
lobed  ;  bivalved,  with  two  valves;  bilateral,  two- 
sided,  etc.  In  chemistry,  the  prefix  di  is  commonly 
employed. 

Biacid  {bias' -id)  [bi,  two;  acidum,  an  acid].  Tn 
chemistry,  a  term  applied  to  a  base  that  may  combine 
in  two  proportions  with  an  acid. 

Biauricular  [bi-aw-rik' '-u-lar)  [bis,  twice;  auricula, 
the  ear].  Relating  to  two  auricles,  or  to  two  corres- 
;  ling  auricular  points. 

Bibirin  [bi-bir'-in).     See  Buxin. 

Bibiru  [bi-be'-ru).     Same  as  Bebeeru. 

Bibitorius  [bib-it-o1 '-re-us)  [bibere,  to  drink].  The 
rectus  internus  muscle  of  the  eye ;  so  called  because 
it  turns  the  eye  inward  in  the  act  of  drinking. 

Bibliography  [bib-le-og' '-ra-fe)  [SiJ/iov,  a  book; 
.  to  write],  A  classified  list  of  references, 
books,  or  authorities  on  any  subjei  I 

Bibliophobia  [bib-le-o-fo' '-be-ah)  [0i/3Mov,  a  book; 
].      Morbid  dislike  of  bo< 

Bibron's  Antidote.  Formerly  quite  a  famous  remedy 
for   rattlesnake    bite.     It  con  mm,   Jiiss; 

potassium  iodid,  gr.  ij ;  corrosive  chlorid  of  mercury, 
gr.  j  ;  dilute  alcohol,  »xxx.  Of  this  a  teaspoonful  is 
given  in  wine  or  brandy,  p.  r.  n. 

Bibulous  (bib'-u-lus)  [bibere,  to  drink].  Having  the 
property  of  absorbing  moisture  or  liquids.  B.  lapis, 
pumice  B.  Paper,  used  in  dentistry  for  "living 

cavities  preparatory  to  introducing  the  filiing.  Blot- 
ting paper. 

Bicarbonate  [bi-kat^-bon  at)  [bis,  twice;  carbo,  a.  coal"]. 
Any  supercarbonate  that  has  two  carbonic  acid  equiv- 
alent- •  (f  the  base. 

Bicarinate   [bi-kar'  -in-at)    [bi,   two  ;    carinatus,  keel- 


shaped]       In  biology,   having    two    keel  like  projec- 
tions, a-  certain  grass* 

Bicaudal  [bi-kan  [bicaudalis,  two-tailed].     Hav- 

ing two  tails  or  appendages.     B.  Muscle,  the  abdu, 
tor  auris.     See  Muscles,  Tab, 

Bicephalium  [bi-sef-a' -le-um)  [bi,  two;  k>  <<,:'.■  r,  head]. 
A  tumor  of  the  scalp  so  large  that  it  gives  the  patient 
the  appearance  of  having  two  heads. 

Biceps  [bi'-seps)  [bis.  twice;  caput,  the  head].  A  term 
applied  to  several  muscles,  as  />'.  brachii,  /■>'.  extensor, 
B.  flexor  cruris.  Theyare  so  called  from  their  double 
origin.  See  Muscles,  Table  of.  B.  Reflex.  See 
Reflexes,  Table  of. 

Bichat,  Canal  of.  See  Canal.  B.,  Fissure  of.  See 
Fissure.  B.,  Foramen  of.  See  Foramina,  Table 
of.     B.,  Tunic  of,  the  intimaof  the  blood-vessels. 

Bichlorid  [bi-klof -rid)  [bi,  two;  chlorin].  In  chem- 
istry,  a  basic  compound  containing  two  equivalents ol 
chlorin.  B.  of  Gold.  See  Gold.  B.  of  Mercury. 
See  Hydrargyrum. 

Bicho  do  mar  [be' '  -cho-do-mar).     Sec  Biche  de  mer. 

Bichromate  [bi-kro' -mat)  [bi,  two;  chromium].  In 
chemistry,  a  basic  compound  containing  two  equiva- 
lents of  chromium.     B.  of  Potash.     See  Potassium. 

Bicipital  [bi-sipZ-it-al)  [bi,  two;  caput,  the  head]. 
Pertaining  to  the  biceps  muscle. 

Bi-concave  [bi-konf -kav).     See  Lens. 

Biconvex  [bi-kon'-veks).     See  Lens. 

Bicornute  (bi-kor'-iuit)  [bicornutus,  with  two  horns]. 
Having  two  horns,  as  a  bicornute  uterus. 

Bicuspid  [bi-kusf -pid)  [bi,  two;  cuspis,  the  point  of  a 
spear].  Having  two  cusps,  as  B.  Teeth,  the  fourth 
and  fifth  teeth.  B.  Valve,  the  mitral  valve  of  the 
heart. 

Bidder  and  Schmidt's  Method.  A  method  of  estimat- 
ing the  amount  of  acids  in  the  stomach.  It  consists 
in  performing  an  ultimate  analysis,  apportioning  the 
chlorin  to  the  metals  and  ammonium  present,  and 
calculating  the  remainder  as  HC1. 

Bidder's  Ganglia.  See  Ganglia,  Table  of.  B.'s 
Organ,  a  singular  structure  found  in  male  toads 
and  sometimes  in  male  frogs,  between  the  tesii- 
and  fat-body;  it  is  a  rudimentary  ovary,  and  in 
conjunction  with  the  testis  forms  an  ovotestis  ;  the 
development  of  the  Miillerian  duct,  or  oviduct, 
being  in  direct  proportion  to  the  size  of  "  bidder's 
<  >rgan."  I  hese  functionless  ducts  frequently  become 
cystic  (in  ten  per  cent,  of  male  frogs,  and  in  fifteen 
per  cent,  of  male  toads). 

Bidens  [bi'-denz)  [bidens,  having  two  teeth].  A  genus 
of  herbaceous  composite  plants.  B.  bipennata, 
Spanish  needles,  an  herbaceous  composite-flowered 
plant.  The  seeds  and  root-,  are  said  to  be  emmen- 
agogue  and  atitibechic.  Hose  of  lid.  ext.  gtt.  XV—  zj. 
Unof. 

Bidet  (be  del' ',  or  -da)  [Ft.  for  pony].  A  tub  or  basin 
with  fixed  attachments  for  the  administering  of  injec- 
tions;  also  for  use  as  a  sitz-bath  or  hip-bath. 

Biebrich  Scarlet.     See  Pigment  ectusof. 

Biedert's  Cream  Mixture.  An  infant's  food  made  by 
mixing  4  OZ.  of  cream  with  12  oz.  of  warm  water,  and 
adding  <?  oz.  of  mill  It  contains  1  per  cent, 

of  casein,  2.5  per  cent,  ol  fat,  and  3.8  per  cent,  of 
sugar  As  the  child  grow-  older  a  larger  proportion 
1  >!    milk  is  added. 

Bi-electrolysis  [bi-e-lek-ti-ol' -is-is)  [bi,  two;  rfkeierpov, 
amber;  /inn,  resolution].  The  electrolysis  of  two 
substances  at  the  same  time. 

Biennial  [bi  en'  al  |  [  bi,  two  ;  annus,  a  year].  Every 
two  years.  In  botany,  plants  thai  produce  foliage 
and  a  rool  stalk  the  firs!  year,  flowering  and  maturing 
the  second. 


BIERMER'S  CHANGE  OP    NOT] 


20£ 


1 :  1 1 . 1  N 


Biermer's  Change  of  Note.     See  Signs  and  Symptoms , 
labl 

Bifenestrate  [bi-fen-es/-trat\     Same  as  Biperfordte. 

Bifid  (bi'-fid)  {bis,  twice;  findere,  to  cleave].     Divided 
in  two  ;   '  left,  as  the  spina  bifida. 

Bifocal  (bi-fo'-kal)  [/'/.two;  focus,  a  point].  With  a 
double  focus.  Applied  to  a  system  of  lenses  or  specta< 
glasses  with  two  foci,  chiefly  used  for  the  i  orrei  tion  of 
presbyopia,  when  there  is  at  the  same  time  an  error 
of  refraction  for  distant  vision.  The  distance  li  n> 
is  above   that    lor  near  work.       These    are    sometimes 


B.  Distance  Lens. 


Bifocal  Lens. 

A.  Reading  Lens,  cemented  to  the 
I  listance  lens. 


called  Pantoscopic  /ones,  and  also  Franklin  spectacles, 
because  the  device  was  first  made  by  Benjamin 
Franklin.  ^0They  are  also  called  Cement  lenses,  because 
now  made  by  cementing  the  lower  segment  to  the 
distance  lens. 

Biforate  (bi-fo' -rat)  [bi,  two;  foratus,  perforated]. 
Having  two  foramina. 

Biforin  {bi'-for-in)  [biforis,  having  two  doors].  In 
biology,  the  name  applied  by  Turpin  to  raphides- 
bearing  cells  in  which  the  raphides  are  discharged 
from  both  ends  of  the  cell. 

Bifurcate  (bi-fr'-hat)  [bi,  two ;  /urea,  a  fork].  Di- 
vided into  two,  like  a  fork. 

Bifurcation  (bi-fer-fca'  -shun)  [bifurca/io  ;  from  bi,  two  ; 
furca,  a  fork].  Division  into  two  branches,  as  of  a 
tooth  into  two  roots  ;  of  the  trachea  and  of  the  aorta 
into  two  branches. 

Big  {big)  [ME.,  big,  large].  Great  with  young;  preg- 
nant.     B.-jaw,  actinomycosis  in  the  ox. 

Bigarade  (be-gah-ra(h)d')  [Fr.].  The  bitter  orange. 
Its  volatile  oil  [essence  or  /utile  de  bigarade)  is  used  in 
pharmacy  and  in  perfumery. 

Bigelovia  (big-lo'  -ve-ah)  [Bigelow,  an  American  botan- 
ist]. A  genus  of  composite-flowered  plants.  See 
Damiana. 

Bigelow's  Ligament.  The  Y-ligament ;  ilio-femoral 
ligament.  B.'s  Method.  See  Treatment,  Methods  of. 
B.'s  Operation.  See  Operations,  Table  of.  B.'s 
Septum,  in  anatomy,  a  layer  of  hard  bony  tissue 
in  the  neck  of  the  thigh-bone. 

Bigeminate  (bi-jem'  -in-at)  [bigeminus,  doubled].  In 
biology,  forked,  doubled. 

Bigeminum  (bi-jem' '-in-um)  [bi,  two;  geminus,  a 
twin].  ( )ne  of  the  corpora  bigemina  of  the  brain  ;  one 
of  the  optic  lobes  of  the  brain. 

Biglenoid  {bi-gl'-noi,t)  [bi,  two;  ykfjVTi,  a  socket; 
rietoe,  form].  Relating  to  both  of  any  pair  of  glenoid 
cavities. 

Bignonia  (big-no' -ne-ah)  [Bignon,  a  French  sa- 
vant]. A  genus  of  climbing-plants,  often  woody.  B. 
alliacea,  of  the  W.  Indies,  and  B.  capreolata,  of  N. 
America,  are  regarded  asantisyphilitic.  Several  other 
species  are  reputed  to  be  actively  medicinal.      I'nof. 

Bigoniac  (bi-go' ' -nc ■-ak)  [bi,  two  ;  yuvia,  an  angle].  Re- 
lating to  the  two  gonions. 


Bijugular  [bi-juf -gu-lar)  [bi,  two;  jugulum,  the  collar- 
bone].     R(  i  the  two  jugular  poinl 

Bikh   (bik)   [native   Nepalese].     The  Nepalese  poison, 
bish  ;   it  is  derived  from  the  roots  ot  Aconitum  j<  ■ 
See  Aconite. 

Bilabe  (bi' -lab,  or  be-la(h)b')  [Fr. ;  bi,  two;  labium  Up]. 
A  surgil  al  instrument  for  removing  foreign  bodies 
from  the  bladder  through  the  urethra. 

Bilateral  (bi-laf '-er-al)  [bi,  two  ;  latus,  a  side].  Relat- 
ing to  two  sides ;  sinistrodextral.  B.  Symmetry,  the 
symmetry  of  right  and  left  halves.  B.  Operation. 
See  Lithotomy. 

Bilateralism  (bi-laf '-er-al-izm)  [bi,  two;  latus  a  side]. 
Bilateral  symmetry. 

Bile  [bit)  [bills;  X""h  the  bile].   The  substance  se<  i 
by    the    liver.      It   is    mucilaginous,  golden  brown    in 
man.    golden-red     in     camivora,    brownish  green     in 
herbivora,  and   green    in    birds.       It  is    composed  of 
biliary  salts,  cholesterin,  mucus,  and  certain  pigments. 
The  principal  acids  are  taurocholi    (<    .,  1 1 ,  \><  i.    and 
vcocholu    (CjgH^NOg),   both    commonly  combined 
with  sodium.      The  taste  of  bile  is  intensely  bitter  : 
reaction  feebly  alkaline,  and    its  density  from  1026  to 
I032.      It  exercises  a  diastatic  action  on  starch,  emul 
sifies  fats,  and  precipitates  soluble  peptone.     Its  com- 
position varies,  but  according  to  Hoppe-Seyler,  in  100 
parts  bile  there  are  of 

Inorganicniatter,'   '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.     ;9«-68  Parts. 

Organic  matter, 8.32  " 

MucUs 1.29  " 

Taurocholate  of  sodium 0.S7 

Glycocholate  of  sodium 3.03  " 

Saponified  fat 1.39  " 

Cholesterin, 0.35  " 

Lecithin 0.53  " 

Fat 0.73  " 

B.   Pigments,  the  coloring-matters  of  the  bile,      B. 
P.,  Tests  for.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Bilharzia  (bil-har'-ze-ah)  [named  after  Theodor  Bil- 
harz,  an  helminthologist].  A  genus  of  trematode 
helminths,  established  by  Cobbold,  characterized  In- 
having  the  sexes  separate.  See  Gynecophorus  and 
Parasites  [Animal),  Table  of.  B.  haematobia.  - 
Distoma. 

Bilharziosis  (bil-har-ze-o'-sis)  [Bilharzia'].  The  en- 
semble of  symptoms  produced  by  the  presence  in 
the  intestine  of  worms  of  the  genus  Bilharzia. 

Biliary  (bil'-e-a-re)  [bills,  bile].  Pertaining  to  the  bile. 
B.  Acids,  glycocholic  and  taurocholic  acids  formed  in 
the  liver.  For  tests  for  B.  A.  in  the  urine,  see  7 
Table  of.  B.  Colic,  colic  produced  by  the  passage 
of  gall-stones.  See  Gall-stones.  B.  Ducts,  the 
hepatic,  the  cystic  and  the  ductus  communis 
choledochus.  The  first  leads  from  the  liver,  the 
second  from  the  gall-bladder.  The  third  is  a  common 
excretory  duct.     See  Liver. 

Bilicyanin  [bil-e-si' -an-in)  [bilis,  bile;  kv&vcoc,  blue]. 
Cholecyanin,  choleverdin.  A  blue  pigment  obtained 
from  bilirubin. 

Biliflavin  (bil-e-fla'-viri)  [bilis,  bile;  flavus,  yellow]. 
A  yellow  coloring-matter  derivable  from  biliverdin. 

Bilifulvin  (bil-e-ful'-vin)  [bilis,  bile  ;  fulvus,  fulvous]. 
An  impure  form  of  bilirubin  ;  also  a  yellow  bile-color 
from  ox-gall,  not  normallv  present  in  human  1  ile. 

Bilifuscin  (bil-e- fits' -in)  [bilis,  bile  ;  fusciis,  brown], 
( ',,,1 1.,(l.\ .,<  >,.  A  pigmentary  matter  occurring  in  bile, 
and  in  human  gall-stones. 

Bilihumin  (bil-e-hu'-min)  [bilis,  bile;  humus,  earth]. 
An  insoluble  residue  left  after  treating  gall-stones  with 
various  solvents. 

Bilin  (bi'-liu)  [bilis,  bile].  A  mixture  of  the  taurocho- 
late and  glycocholate  of  sodium,  forming  a  copious 
resinoid  constituent  of  the  bile. 


BILINEURIN 


206 


Hit  (METER 


Bilineurin  3  "• 

Bilious  ,  full  of  bile].      \.  term  popu 

larlv  applied  to  disorders  supposed  to  arise  from  a  too 
f  bile.     B.   Fever,  a   term    loosely 
applied  I  in  enteric  and  malarial  fevers. 

Biliphein  ^  1       A 

SUpi  olor,    now    regarded    as    an    impure 

bilirubin  ;   called  alsi 
Biliprasin  •   bile  ;    irpdam  .   leek  : 

-      -  j.    CjgH,  N ,(  >,.       A    pigmentary 

substance  occurring  in  gall-stones,  icteric  urine  and 
bile. 
Bilipurpin,  or   Bilipurpurin  r'-pin,  bil-e-J. 

.    purple].      A   purple 
ring-matter  derivable  from  biliverdin. 
Bilipyrrhin      ..'    pir'-in).     Si  hin. 

Bilirubin  '..  V-  in)  [/'///>.  bile ;  ruber,  red] ,  C,6HI8- 
N.O..  A  red  colonng-matter,  the  chief  pigment  of 
the  bile.  It  is  found  also  in  the  urine  in  jaundice.  It  is 
insoluble  in  water,  and  almost  so  in  ether  and  alcohol, 
but  it  is  readily  soluble  in  alkaline  solutions.  It  a 
tallizes  in  rhombic  plates  or  prisms.  B.  Icterus, 
icterus  or  jaundice  with  discoloration  of  the  skin  and 
urine  from  the  presence  of  an  abnormally  large  percent- 
age of  bilirubin. 
Biliverdin  '■////)  [bilis,  bile;   viridis,  green], 

.  or  '  J  I  ,V  >..     A  green  pigment,  the  first 
product    of  the  oxidation   of  bilirubin.      It  gives  the 
characteristic  color  to  the  bile  of  herbivora,  and  occurs 
in  the  urine  of  jaundice  and  in  traces  in  gall-Stones. 
Billroth's  Mixture.  thetic.    B.'s  Operations. 

as,  Table  of . 
Bilsted,    or    Bilsterd    (bil'-sted,   or   bil'-sterd).      See 

Liquidambi  r. 
Bimana  (bim'-an-ah)   [/'/.two;   mantis,  a  hand].      An 
order  of  the  division  of  mammalia  including  man  only. 
Bimanual    [bi-man' -u-al)   [bi,  two;  manus,  a   hand]. 

Two-handed.      Ambidextrous. 
Bimastoid  (hi-mas'-toid)  [/</,  two;   uaar6g,  the  breast; 
form].      Relating  to  the  two  mastoid  eminences. 
Binary    [bi'-nar-e)    [binus,  a  couple].      In  chemistry, 
compounded  of  two  elements.       In   anatomy,  separat- 
ing into  two  branches.      B.  Theory,  in  chemistry,  the 
theory  that  considers  all  salts  as  double  compounds. 
Binate  [binus,  two    by  two].       In    biology, 

bifoliate  ;   bidigitate  ;   occurring  in  pairs. 
Binaural  .';<//)    [bis,  twice;   amis,   ear].      Per- 

taining to  or  having  two  ears. 
Binauricular  [bin-aw-rik'-u-Iar)  [?>is,  twice;  auricula, 
the  ear].      Pertaining  or  belonging  to  both  ears.      B. 
Arc.     See  .  / 
Binder  [b'tnd'-er)  [ME. ,  byndere].      A   wide  bandage 
about  the  abdomen,  worn   by  women  during  or   after 
labor, or  celiotomy, to  support  the  abdominal  walls.   B., 
Mammary,  a  -hug  or  suspensory  for  the  mamma. 
Binder's    Board.      A    thick,    strong    variety    of    p 
board  for    bookbinders'  use;    it   has  a   limited   use  in 
ery. 
Binding    Posts.     Clamps    for    connecting    conducting 

wires  with  the  electric  apparatus. 
Bindschedler's  Green.     Same    as    Dimethylphenylene 

Gr,   a . 
Bindweb    (blnd'-web)    [ME.,  binden;    webbe\      The 

neuroglia. 
Binelli's    Styptic.      A    nostrum    formerly   famous  as   a 

styptic      It  is  supposed  to  have  contained  i  rea 
Biniodid  [bin  i'  lid. 

Binocular  [bi,  two;  oculus,  an  eye].  In 

anatomy,  having  or  pertaining  to  two  eyes.     In  opl 
an  instrument  with  two  eye  pieces  for   use  with  both 
eyes  at  once.      B.  Vision,  the   faculty   of  using   both 
eyes  synchronously  and  without  diplo] 


Binoculus  [bin-ok* -u-lus)   [1...  two-eyed].      A   figure- 

oi  eight  bandage  for  both  eyes. 
Binoxid  '  id)  [bi,  two  ;  oxid\    Same  as  Dioxid. 

Binuclear  [bi  nuf  i     ar)  [bi,  two;   nucleus,  a  kernel], 

1  laving  two  nu<  let. 
Binucleolate    (bi-nu-ile/-o-l&c)    [/'/,   two;    nucleolus,  a 

little  kernel].     Having  two  nucleoli. 
Bioblast  [hi*  o  bla      (   Uog,  hie  ;     Waarbg,  a  germ].     A 

plastidule  or  formative  cell  ;    a  corpuscle    that    has   not 

\et  become  a  cell. 
Biocellate  l'-nt)   [/>/,two;    ocellus,  a  little  eye] 

In  biology,  having  two  spot-  resembling  eyes. 
Biochemics  [bi-o-kem' -iks )   [frog,   life;    fflfieta,  chem- 
istry].     The  chemistry  of  life.     See  Biocheviy, 
Bio-chemistry    [bi-o-kem' '-is-tre)    [>'"-.    life;     \ >. 

chemistry].      The  chemistrv  of  the  living  body,  or  of 

life. 

Biochemy  [bir -o-kem-e)  [  Hog,  life;   t'/""'«,  chemistry]. 

mic  force  as  exhibited  in  living  organisms. 
Biochyme  [bi'-o-kim)  |   Uog,   life;    xv!l'k,   juice].     In 

biology,  the  sap  or  cell-juice  of  plants. 
Biodynamics    [bi-o-di-namf -iks)  [frog,    life;     dvva/ug, 

power].      The  dynamics  of  life  ;  dynamic  biol. 
Biogamia  (bi-o-ga'-mi  -ah  i  [fruog,  life  ;  ,  d/toi ,  marriage]. 
The    hypothetic    union    of   opposing  vital    forces    (as 
of    contractility  and    sensibility),   resulting    in    repro- 
duction. 
Biogenesis  [bi-o-jen' -es-i  •  .  life;  y&eatc,  origin]. 

I.    The  doctrine  that  living  things  are  produced  only 
from    living    things — the    reverse    of    abi\r<>t,sis.      2. 
Reproduction  from  living  parents. 
Biogeny  [bi-of -en-e)    [frog,  life;  .  generation]. 

In  biology,  the  evolution  of  organic  forms,  either  con- 
sidered individually  [pnt  or  tribally  {phytogeny). 
Biognosis    [bi-og-no* -sis)     [frog,    life;     yvaoig,    know- 
ledge].     The    study    of    life     and    its    phenomena; 
biology. 
Biokinematics  [bi-o-kin-em-atf -iks)  [fruog,  life;  nlvy/ia, 
motion].     The  kinematics  of  life  ;  the  science  of  the 
motions  or  movements  that  are  essential  to  life. 
Biokinesigenesis    [bi-o-kin-es-ij-en' '-es-is)    [1  og,    life  ; 
xlrr/aig,      movement;      ;       J    .      production].       The 
origination  of  the  movements  of  living  matter. 
Biokinetics     [bi-o-kin-elf-iks)     [frog,      life;      Kit 
motion].     The  kinetics  of  life:     the  science   of   the 
movements  that  are  necessary  parts  of  the  process  of 
development.     See  Karyokin 
Biologic,    or    Biological    [bi-o-loj' -ik,    bi-o-lojf -ik-al) 
[piog,  life;  Myog,  science].      Pertaining  or  belonging 
to  biology.     B.  Law.     See  Phylogeny  and  Hceckel. 
Biologist    [bi-oV -o-jist)    [frog,    life;    /",••»,    science]. 

One  who  is  a  student  of  biolo 
Biologos  [bi-o-log' -os)  [frog,  life;  Wryog,  a  word].     A 
designation   proposed    for  the   intelligent  living  power 
displayed  in  cellular  and  organic  action  and  reaction. 
Biology  [bi-ol'-o-je)   \  Hog,  life;   /",<»,  science].     The 
science    embracing    the    structure,    function,    and    or- 
ganization of  life-fornis.  \ 
Biolysis    [bi-ol'-is-is)    [friog,    life;    Meat,    to    loo 
The  destruction  of  life.     The  devitalization  of  living 
tissue. 
Biolytic     [bi-o-Ht' -ik)     \   Viog,    life;     Tibeiv,    to  loosen]. 

I  destructive  to  life  ;  relating  to  biolysis. 
Biomagnetism  [bi-o-mag1 '-net-izm)  [frog,  life;  fi6 

a  magnet].     So  called  animal  magnetism. 
Biometer  [bi-om'-et  ■  ■ "  •    measure], 

I  »r.    Farr    speaks   oi    the    I  .ife   I  able    as  a   biomi 
and  of  equal  importaqi  e  in  all  inquiries  connected  with 
human     life    or     sanitary     improvi  ments    with     the 
>r  thermometer,  etc.,  in  physical  research; 
and  tie  me  or  pivot  on  which  the  whole  science 

of  life-assurance  re  I 


I;l<  (METRY 


207 


BIRD'S-NEST 


Biometry  {bi-om'-et  >  .  life  ;   ukrpov,  a  measure]. 

Life-measurement;    the  estimation    of    the    probable 
duration  of  any  given  life  form — in  the  past  or  future. 

Biomorphotic  (bi-o-tnor-fof-ik)  [fiiog ,  life  ;  fio 

lit  for  shaping].      In  biology,  having  an  active  pupa. 

Biondi's  Fluid.       A   staining-medium    used    in    b 
logic    laboratories.       It    i-   a    mixture   <>l   orange-G., 
methyl-green,  and  acid  fuchsin.    See  Stains, 

Bionergy  (bi-on' -er-je)  [fiiog,  life;  ipyov,  work].  Life- 
force;  force  exercised  in  the  living  organism. 

Bionomy  {bi-onr -o-tne)  [fiiog,  life;  vofiog,  a  law]. 
Dynamic  biology;  biodynamics;  the  science  of  the 
laws  of  life. 

Biontology  (bi-on-tol'-o-jc)  [fiiog,  life;  £>t>(bvT),  being; 
ziyeiv,  to  speak.].  In  biology,  the  physiology  of  tin- 
species  or  genus,  embracing  the  transi  I  or 
strictly  philosophic  in  physiology  (J.  Aitken  Meigs.) 

Biophagous  (bi-off* -ag-us)  [  >'  <»  ,  life  ;  tpayeiv,  to  eat]. 
Feeding  upon  living  organisms,  or  upon  living  tissue, 
as  insei  ti\  ■  irous  plants. 

Biophore  (bi'-o-for)  [fiiog,  life;  tykpeiv,  to  bear].  One 
of  Weismann's hypothetic  "  bearers  of  vitality,"  cor- 
responding to  the  "  plasomes  "  of  Wiesner  and  Briicke 
and  to  the  "  pangenes  "  of  de  Vries,  the  smallest 
units  that  exhibit  the  primary  vital  forces,  the  bearers 
of  the  cell-qualities. 

Biophysiography  (bi-o-fiz-e-og'  -ra-fc)  [fiioc,  life  ;  <f>vaig, 
nature;  ypatyciv,  to  write].  Descriptive  or  structural 
biology ;  organography,  as  distinguished  from  bio- 
physiology. 

B'ophysiology  (bi-o-fiz-e-oF-o-je)  [[Hoc,  life  ;  tyvoig,  na- 
ture ;  /oyoc,  science].  That  branch  of  biology  that  in- 
cludes organogeny,  morphology  and  general  physi- 
ology. 

Bioplasm  [bi1 '-o-plazni)  [fiiog,  life;  irX&Gfia,  form]. 
Any  living  matter,  but  especially  germinal  or  forming 
matter  ;  matter  possessing  reproductive  vitality.  See 
Protoplasm. 

Bioplasmic  [bi-o-plaz1 '-mik)  [fiiog,  life;  tz'/Aap-a,  form]. 
Relating  to  or  of  the  nature  of  bioplasm. 

Bioplasson  [bi-o-plas* '-on)  [fiiog,  life  ;  ir'/Aaauv,  form- 
ing]. Flsberg's  term  for  living  matter.  A  synonym 
of  protoplasm  or  bioplasm. 

Bioplast  [bi' -o-plast)  [fiiog,  life;  irXaorSg,  formed].  A 
mass  or  cell  of  bioplasm  which  is  a  unit  of  living 
matter. 

Bioplastic  (bi-o-plas'-tik)  [fi'oc,  life;  Tr?.aaroc,  formed]. 
Relating  to  or  of  the  nature  of  a  bioplast  or  of  bio- 
plasm. 

Biopsic  (bi-op'-sik)  [fiiog,  life  ;  otjnc,  vision].  Pertain- 
ing to  biopsy. 

Biopsy  [bi'-op-se)  [fiiog,  life;  bif/ig, vision].  Observation 
of  the  living  subject ;   opposed  to  necropsy. 

Biorbital  {bi-orb' -it-al)  [bi,  two;  orbila,  a  path].  Re- 
lating to  both  orbits. 

Bioscope  (bi'-o-skop)  [,.3/oc,  life;  BKonelv,  to  view] .  An 
instrument  used  in  bioscopy. 

Bioscopy  [bi-dsf -ko-pe)  [Hoc,  life  ;  gko-eIv,  to  examine]. 
Examination  of  the  body  to  ascertain  if  life  be  extinct. 
B.,  Electro-,  examination  by  the  aid  of  the  electric 
current.  The  muscular  reaction  is  lost  to  faradic 
stimulation  in  about  two  hours  after  death  in  the 
tongue;  after  three  or  four  hours  in  the  extremities  ; 
after  five  or  six  hours  in  the  trunk.  The  reaction  to 
galvanism  persists  somewhat  longer. 

Biosis  (bi-t/sis)  [fiiog,  life].      life;    vitality. 

Biostatics  [bi-o-staP-iks)  [fiiog,  life;  nrariKoc,  causing 
to  stand].  Static  biology  ;  the  science  of  the  deter- 
minate parts  of  biology,  including  anatomy,  and  the 
physics  of  the  living  body. 

Biot's  Respiration.     See  R    biration. 

Biotaxis  (bi-o-taks'-is)  [fiiog,  life  ;   ra;ia,  arrangement]. 


I.  The  selective  and  arranging  function  or  activitv  of 
life,  or  of  living  'ells.  2.  Systematii  biology;  the 
1  lassification  of  living  organisms. 

Biotaxy  [bi'-o-taks-e).     £ 

Biothalmy  {bi' '-o-thal-me)    [ 

life  ;  O&Akeiv,  to  be  vigorous].  '1  he  art  of  living  long 
and  well. 

Biotic  [bi-ot'-ik)  [  iiuruc6g'\.  Pertaining  to  life  or  to  the 
laws  of  animal  and  vegetable  progress  and  evolutii 

Biotome  [bi'-o-tom)  [  Mog,  life;  TOftf,  a  cutting].  A 
term  applied  by  Cobbold  to  a  stage  in  the  development 
ol   certain  entozoa. 

Biotomy  {bi-of -o-me)  [fiiog, life ;   -  to  cut].     Vi- 

visection. 

Biparasitic  (bi-par-as-it'-ik)  [bi,  two ;  napdairog,  a 
parasite].      Parasitic  upon  a  parasite. 

Biparietal  [bi-par-i' -et-al)   [bi,  two;  parietes,  a  wall], 
lating  to  both  parietal  bones.     B.  Diameter,  the 
distance  from  one  parietal  eminence  of  the  cranium  to 
the  other. 

Biparous  {pip1 '-ar-us)  [bi,  double;  parere,  to  bring 
forth].      Producing  two  at  a  birth. 

Bipartite  {bi-par'-ttt)  [bi,  two;  pars,  a  part].  In 
biology,  composed  of  two  part-  or  divisions. 

Biped  (bi'-ped)  [bi,  two;  pes,  a  foot].  With  or  having 
two  feet. 

Biperforate  (bi-p.r'-f   rat    [bi,  two; per/oratus,  1 
through].      Having  two  perforations  ;   as  a  biperforate 
hymen. 

Bipetalous  [bi-petf -al-us)  [bi,  two;  Trira'/ov,  a  petal]. 
In  biology,  having  two  petals. 

Biphosphate  [bi- fas' -fat)  [bi,  two;  phosphorus'].  In 
chemistry,  an  acid  phosphate. 

Biphosphid  (bi- fos' -fid)  [bi,  two;  phosphorus].  In 
chemistry,  a  phosphid  containing  twice  as  much  phos- 
phorus as  the  lower  member  of  the  phosphid  serio. 

Biphosphite  [bi-fos'-fit)  [bi,  two;  phosphorus].  In 
chemistry,  an  acid  phosphite. 

Bipinnate  [bi-pin'-Ot )  [bi.  two  ;  pinnatus,  feathered]. 
In  biology,  doubly  pinnate,  as  a  leaf. 

Bipolar  (pi-po* -Inr)  [bi,  two;  polus,  a  pole].  Having 
two  poles.  B.  Nerve-cells,  nerve  cells  that  have 
two  prolongations  of  the  cell-matter.  Thev  are 
found  chiefly  in  the  ganglia  of  the  gray  matter  of  the 
brain. 

Bipubiotomy    (bipu-be-ot'-o-me)     [bi,  double;    pi 
pubes;  *  .  tocut].    An  obsolete  operation  fin  the 

place  of  the  Cesarean  section)  in  which  the  pubic 
bones  were  both  divided.  See  Galbiati's  and  Fara- 
beuf '  s  Operati  n  . 

Birch   (berck)    [AS.,  birce\.      Any    tree    of   the    genus 
/':.      Birch    tar,    or   the    tarry    oil  of   B.  alba,   is 
useful  in  certain  skin  diseases.     The  bark  of  / 
the  American  black   birch,   yields  a  fragrant  volatile 
oil,  identical  with  that  of  Gaullh  ;   ocumbens,  for 

which  it  is  often  substituted.  B.  Camphor.  >ame 
as  B.  Resin.  B.  Resin.  SeeBetufin.  Oleum  betulae 
volatile,  volatile  oil  of  betula,  oil  of  sweet  birch. 

Bird-lime  [berd'-tlm).  A  viscous  vegetable  substance 
used  in  Japan  as  a  local  dressing  for  wounds. 

Bird's  Formula.  The  last  two  figures  of  the  specific 
gravity  of  urine  nearly  represent  the  number  of  grains 
of  solids  to  the  ounce  contained  in  the  urine.  The 
same  two  figures  multiplied  by  2  (Trapp's  Factor! 
give  the  parts  per  iooo.  Haeser's  Factor  is  2.33. 
B.  Operations.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Bird's-nest  Bodies,  or  Cells.  The  cells  of  certain 
forms  of  carcinoma,  di-tin:niished  by  the  concentric 
arrangement  of  their  cell-walls.  See  also  Cancer 
ts.  B.  Edible,  the  nest  of  certain  species  of 
swift,  used  by  the  Chinese  as  food.  It  consists  of 
marine    alga;,    Gelidium,    cemented    by    the    salivary 


r.iRiiiM  \ 


•ji- 


BISUl  CATE 


mucus  of  the  binl.     B.  Sternum,  a  deformity  <>t  the 
sternum  found  in  lateral  curvature  of  the  spine. 
Birhinia  •  .  the  nose].     A  con 

genital  defect  in  which  there  is  the  formation  of  two 

BOS 

Birth  i)  [ME.,  |.    1.1  he  delivers  of  a  child; 

parturition.     2.    That   which  is  brought  forth  in  par- 
turition.    B.-mark.      -  B.- 
palsy,  any   paralyti                 n  due   to  an    injury 
ceived  at  birth  ;                            ;  congenital  paralytic 

-i  m  that  existed   in  the  fetal  stati 

gee  B.,    Partial, 

the  incomplete  expulsion  of  a  child  in  labor;  of  legal 

value  in  lawsuits  for  property.     B.,  Plural,  the  birth 

re  than  a  single  child.     B.,  Posthumous,  the 

birth  of  a  child  after  the    death   of    it-    lather.     B., 

Precocious,    the    occurrence  of    natural    labor    alter 

a  ihorl  mcy  than  i-  usual.      B.,  Premature. 

B.-rate,  the    proportion  of   births    per 

isand.      B.  root.     See  Beth   Root.     B.-wort,  the 

plant     A  see  hid),  so 

called   from  its  former  employment  as  a  depurant  after 

childbirth.      Unof.      B.,  Still.    See  Still-born.     Some 

of   the    Tests   of   live    birth   are    appended:      Breslau 

If   the    inte-tine-    and    Stomach    of    the   infant 

float    in    water   on    removal     from    the    body    it   was 

thought    to   be  proof  that   the  child   was  born  alive. 

This  test  i-  of  no  value.     Hydrostatic  Test.     Suggest*  1 

by  Raygat.      It  consists  in  placing  the  lungs  in  water 

and    noting   their   specific    gravity.     If  inflation    has 

occurred  they  will  float.     This  test  i-  valuable.    Plouc- 

l'his    consists    in    estimating   the    ratio 

it  of  the  lungs  to  the  weight  of  the  body 

of  the   child.      Ploucquet    laid    down    this  rule,   that 

a/ion  the  weight  of  the  lung-  compared  to 

the  weight  of  the  body  was  in  the  ratio  of    I  to  70, 

and  that  it  n  it   wa-  in   the  ratio  of  I  to 

The    test    is   of    but     slight   value.      Stati,-    test. 

•  >  called  /  or  Schmidt's  Test.      This  consists 

in  ascertaining  the  absolute  weight  of  the  lungs,  and 

mparing  tin-  weight   with  the  average  lung-weights 

of  stillborn   children,  and  of  children    who  have  died 

soon  after  birth.      Fodere  fixes  the  weight  of  the  lungs 

of  stillborn  children  born  at  term  at  480  grains  (1  0 

and  weight  of  the  lungs  soon 

after  breathing  !  established.      1  his  test  is  also 

of  but  -light  value. 

Bisacromial  [bi  -<ik  .  two;  anpuftia,  the 

point  of  the  shoulder-blade].      Relating  to   the  two 

acromia. 

Biscara  Button    [bis'-kar-ah  but' '•;/«).      See    Furun- 

ilis. 
Bischoffs  Operation.     See  Operations,   Tabl 
Biscuit  (bis/-Ait)  [Ft.,  "twice   baked'   ].      A    kind  ol 
ca!.  rly,  a  -mall,  hard  cake.      In  In  n<  h  phar- 

m.i  i  biscuits  of  various  kind-  are  known. 

B.,  Camplin's,  biscuits  made  of  bran   for  the   use  ol 
They  are  made  as  foil  ike  one  quart 

wheat-bran  and  boil  in  two  successive  waters   tor 
fifteen  minutes,  straining  the  mixture  through  a 
until  the  water  come-  through  clear  ;  li  wash- 

ing squeeze  in  a  cloth  until  perfectly  dry  ;  spread  thinly 
on  a  dish  and  place  in  a  slow  oven.  If  put  in  a) 
night,  let  it  remain  in  until  morning,  when,  if  dry  and 

sp,  it  is  fit  for  grinding.  The  mass  so  obtained  mu 
ground  in  a  line   mill  and  passed    through  a  wire 

tine  that  a  brush  will  be  required  to  push  the  flour 
through.  Grind  again  that  which  remain-  in  lie- 
sieve  until  quit'  I  fin  I  in  ounces  of 
the  powder,  three  new-laid  eggs,  from  one  and  a  half 
to  two  ounces  of  butter  and  about  half  a  pint  ol  milk, 
Mix    the   egg-  with  a  little  of  the  milk,  and  warm  the 


butter  with  the  oilier  portion.  Slir  the  whole  well 
together,  adding  a  little  nutmeg  and  L;ingei  or  other 
-pice-.  Hake  in  small  well  buttered  tin-  in  a  rather 
<|uick  oven  for  about  hall  an  hour.  Make  the  cake  a 
little  thicker  than  a  captain's  biscuit. 

Biscuiting  (bis'-kit-ing).     See  Block  Teeth. 

Bisection   (bi-seh'-shun)    [bi,  two;    sectio,  a    cutting]. 
In  obstetrics,  embryotomy. 

Bisexual  Ibi-sekst-u-al)  [bi,  two;  ex].     Having 

the  reproductive  organs  of  both  sexes.    Hermaphrodite. 

Bish  (bish).      Same  as  Bikh. 

Bishop's     fStanmore)    Operation.      See    Operations, 
Table  of .     B   s  Weed.     See  Ajowan. 

Bishoping  [bishf-op  ing)  [M.K.,bischopen].     In  farriery. 
tiling  a  -pa.  e  between  the  teeth  of  a  horse. 

Bisiliac  [bis-il'-e-ak^bis,  two  ;  iliacus"].     Relating  to  tin 
two  most  distant  points  of  the  two  iliac  crests. 

Bisischiadic     [bi  id'-ik)    [/>is,    two;     iOKiadiK6g, 

relating  to  the  hip].  Relating  to  corresponding  points 
on  the  two  i-chia. 

Biskra  Boil,  or  Button.      See  Furun  ~ulus  orientalis. 

Bismarck    Brown.     Same   as    Phenylene   Brown  and 
/  esuvin. 

Bismuth,  or  Bismuthum  (biz/-muth)  [L.,  gen.,  />'/  - 
muthi\.  ¥>\z=z  210;  quantivalence  1,  III,  v.  A  pink- 
ish-white crystalline  metal,  not  used  in  medicine  111  its 
metallic  form.  It-  commercial  salts  are  likely  to  contain 
arsenic.  The  insoluble  salts  of  bismuth  are  feebly 
astringent  and  are  useful  in  disordered  digestion,  acne, 
eczema,  etc.  B.  et  Ammonii  Citras,  soluble  in 
water.  Dose  gr.  j-v.  B.  et  Ammon.  Citras, 
Liquor  (B.P.).  Dose  ^ss-j.  B.  Carbonas  (B.P  1. 
(Bi20,CO.!),,H,0.  Dose  gr.  v-xx.  B.  Citras,  B 
1 1  .<  )..  soluble  in  water  of  ammonia;  used  in  the  U.  S. 
only  for  pharmaceutic  purposes.  Dose  gr.  ij— v.  B. 
Oxid.  (B.P.),  Ri.o...  Dose  gr.  v-xv.  B.  Oxy- 
chlorid,  pearl  white  I  nof.  It  is  used  as  a  cosmetic. 
B.  Pulvis,  Comp.,  FerrierJs  Snuff.  Contains  two 
grains  of  hydrochlorate  ofmorphin  in  one  ounce,  with 
bismuth  and  acacia.  It  is  used  f<  ir  treating  coryza.  B. 
Salicylas.  Bi(<  II  ,Os)  bi<>.  Dose  gr.  v-x.  B. 
Subcarbonas,  (  Ri<  >) ._,<  '<  »,.I  I,"  >,  insoluble  ;  it  is  best 
given  in  emulsion  with  milk.  Dosegr.  x-^j.  B.  Sub- 
gallate.  See  Dermatol.  B.  Subiodid,  BiOI,  used  as 
an  antiseptic  dusting- powder,  like  iodoform.  B.  Sub- 
nitras,  BiON08.H20,  the  salt  chiefly  used  in  medi- 
cine. It  is  also  used  as  a  cosmetic.  Dose  gr.  x-^j. 
B.  Test.  See  Tests,  Tabic  of.  B.,  Trochisci  (B.  P.  |  ; 
each  contains  gr.  ij.  B.,  Unguent.,  60  grains  to  one 
ounce.  For  herpes,  piles,  etc.  B.  White.  See  Con- 
spectus of  Pigments,  under  Pigment. 

Bissa  (lu's'-ali)  [native  African].      An  affection  of  man 
and  sheep,  common    in    Egypt,    and   chai  d    by 

the  production  oi  edema.  B.  Bol,  a  kind  of  myrrh, 
from  Balsamodendron  Kafal,  a  tree  of  E,  Africa.  It 
is  used  largely  in  adulterating  the  finer  grade-  ol 
myrrh,  and  1-  said  to  stimulate  powerfully  the  flow  of 
milk  in  cows.  Unof. 
Bistellate    [bi-steV '-St)  [bi,  two;  stella,  a  star].   Shaped 

like  a  double  star. 
Bistephanic  (bi-ste-fan' -ik)    [bi,  two;   artfyavuw,  dim. 
of  '"  .  a  wreath].      Relating  to  the  stephanions. 

Bistort  [hi 'tort)  [bis,  twice  ;  tortus,  twisted].     Snake 
weed,  Adder-  wort.      The  rhizome  oi  Polygonum  bis- 
torla,  an  astringent.    Dosi   oi  fid.  ext.  rrpxx-xl.    Unof. 
Bistoury  (bis/-to-re)  [Fi         'ourt],    A  small  (straight  or 
curved)  knife  used  in  surgery.    B. -cache,  one  that  has 
the  blade  1  onceali  d  for  passing  to  the  poinl  to  be  in 
cised,  and  by  pressure  on  the  handle  theblade  isexposed 
and  the  incisii  m  made. 
Bisulcate    [bi-sul' -k&t)    [bi,    two;    sulcus,   a    furrow]. 
Having  two  furrows  or  grooves. 


BIS!   I  I'll  \TE 


'JO!) 


BLACK 


Bisulphate  [pi-sul* -fat)  [/'/,  two  ;  ME.,  sulphur].     Any 
acid  sulphate  having    twice  the  amount   o!  acid   con 
tained  in  the  corresponding  normal  sulph 

Bisulphid  (pi-sul* -fid)    [bi,  two;   sulHuu\.      [n  chem 
istry,  a  sulphur   compound    in  which  there   are   two 
atoms  oi  sulphur  to  one  atom  of  the   other  substance 
of  the  compound.     B.  of  Carbon.     See  Anesthetic. 

Bisulphite  (bi-sul'-fit)  [bi,  two;  sulphur].  An  acid 
sulphite.  The  bisulphite  of  lime  is  used  as  an  anti- 
ferment. 

Bitartrate  {pi-tar* -trSt)  [bi,  two;  raprapov,  tartar]. 
Any  tartrate  in  which  one  normal    hydrogen  atom  has 

•   been  replaced  by  a  base.     See  Tartaric  acid. 

Bitemporal  [pi-temf -por-al)  [pi,  two;  tempora,  the 
temples].  Pertaining  or  belonging  to  the  two  temples. 
B.  Triangle.     Sec   Triangle. 

Biti  {be'-te)  [E.  End.].  The  E.Indian  tree  Dalbergia 
latifolia  ;  the  oil  of  the  root  is  said  to  cure  or  prevent 
baldness.      I  in  if. 

Bitnoben  [pit-n  f-ben)  [Hind,  for  "  black  salt  "].  An 
East  Indian  polychrest  remedy  composed  of  salt, 
myrobalan  and  iron. 

Bitter  [pit'-er)  [AS.,  bitan,  to  bite].  A  peculiar,  well- 
known  taste,  of  which  quinin  presents  an  example; 
unpalatable.  B.  Almond,  the  nut  of  the  Amygdalum 
amarum.  It  contains  hydrocyanic  acid.  B.  Almond 
Green.  Same  as  Malachite  Green.  B.  Almond  Oil, 
oleum  amygdalae  amarae.  See  Benzaldehyd.  B.  Apple, 
the  fruit  of  the  colocynth,  a  purgative  remedy.  B. 
Blain,  a  West  Indian  herb,  Vandellia  diffusa,  em- 
ployed in  fevers  and  in  hepatic  disorders.  Unof.  B. 
Bloom.  The  same  as  American  Centaury,  a.  v.  B. 
Bugle  weed,  the  herb  Lycopus  europceus,  alterative 
and  tonic.  Dose  of  fid.  ext.  §ss-j.  Unof.  B.  Cup, 
a  cup  made  of  quassia  wood.  It  is  a  tonic.  B. 
King,  the  shrub  or  tree,  Soulamea  amara,  intensely 
bitter  in  all  parts,  and  reputed  to  be  antiperiodic.  Unof. 
B.  Purging  Salt,  sulphate  of  magnesia.  B.  Root, 
the  root  of  Gentian  a  catesbai,  a  tonic.  B.  Tincture, 
the  tinctura  amara  (N.F.),  prescribed  also  in  the  Ger- 
man pharmacy;  it  is  a  tincture  of  gentian,  centaury, 
bitter  orange-peel,  orange-berries,  and  zedoary  ;  it  is 
known  also  as  Stomach  Drops.  B.  Wine  of  Iron, 
a  solution  of  white  wine,  syrup,  citrate  of  iron  and 
quinin.     Tonic.     See  Iron. 

Bittering  [pit' '-er-ing)  [AS.,  bitan,  to  bite].  A  disease 
of  wine  in  which  it  acquires  a  bitter  flavor,  due  to  the 
formation  of  a  substance  that  develops  as  the  wine 
ages,  or  if  it  be  exposed  to  too  high  a  temperature. 

Bitters  (bit'-ers)  [AS.,  bitan,  to  bite].  Medicines  char- 
acterized by  a  bitter  taste.  B.,  Aromatic,  medicines 
that  unite  the  properties  of  aromatics  with  those  of 
simple  bitters.  B.,  Simple,  medicines  that  stimulate 
the  gastro-intestinal  tract  without  influencing  the  gen- 
eral system.  B.,  Styptic,  medicines  that  add  styptic 
and  astringent  properties  to  those  of  bitterness.  See 
August  ura. 

Bittersweet  (bit'-er-s~d>ef).  See  Dulcamara.  B.,  False. 
See  Climbing  Staff  Tree. 

Bitumen  (bit-u'-meu)  [L. ,  bitumen~\.  Mineral  pitch  or 
oil  composed  of  various  hydrocarbons,  in  the  solid 
form  it  is  usually  called  asphalt ;  in  the  liquid  form, 
petroleum.  An  intermediate  form  is  known  as  mineral 
tar  or  maltha.  By  distillation,  bitumen  yields  benzol, 
naphtha,  paraffin,  and  various  other  hydrocarbon-, 
liquid  and  gaseous. 

Bituminous  (pit-uf -min-us)  [bitumen,  bitumen].  Of 
the  nature  of  or  containing  bitumen.  B.  Coal.  See 
Coal. 

Biuret  (bi'-u-ret)  [bi,  two ;  orpov,  urine],  C2H5N302-f 
II. ,0.     A   compound    formed  by   exposing  urea  to  a 
high  temperature  for  a  long  time.    It  is  readily  soluble 

14 


in  water  and  in  alcohol ;  it  crystallizes  with  one  molecule 
of  water   in   the    form  of  warts   and    needle-.      When 
anhydrous,  biuret  melts  at  1 90°    with  decompositi 
B.  Reaction,  or  Test.      S<  e    /   its,  Tab, 

Bivalence  [pii/ -al-ens)  [pi,  two  ;  valen.  .  having  power]. 
In  chemistry,  a  valence  or  saturating  power  that  is 
double  that  of  the  hydrogen  atom. 

Bivalent  (biv/-al-ent)  [bi,  two;  valens,  having  power]. 
In  chemistry,  applied  to  an  element  of  which  an  atom 
can  replace  two  atoms  of  hydrogen  or  other  Univalent 
element,  or  to  a  radical  that  has  the  same  valence  as  a 
bivalent  atom. 

Bivalve  [pi'-valv)  [bi,  two;  valva,  a  valve].  Having 
two  valve-  or  shells,  as  a  mollusc  or  a  speculum. 

Biventer  [pi-ven' '-ter)  [bi,  two;  renter,  a  belly].    1 1  a  % 
ing  two  bellies,  as  a  muscle.     B.  cervicis,  the  inner 
portion   of  the  complexus  muscle.      B.  maxillae,  the 
digastricus  muscle. 

Biventral  [bi-ven' -tral)  [bi,  two;  ren/rum.a.  stomach]. 
Having  two  stomachs  ;  having  two  bellies  ;  as  a  digas- 
tric muscle. 

Bixin  {piks'-in)    [Bixa,  a  genus   of  plants],  C1(;H ._,,./  >._,. 
An  orange-red  coloring-matter  found  in  Annatto. 
Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Bizygomatic  (pi-zi-go-matf -ik)  [/'/.two;  rvyu/ia,  the 
zygomatic  arch].  Relating  to  the  most  prominent 
points  on  the  two  zygomatic  arches. 

Bizzozero's  Blood-plates.  See  Blood-plates.  B. 
Method,  a  method  of  studying  blood-plaques :  A 
drop  of  a  three-quarter  per  cent,  sodium  chloric! 
solution  with  one  part  of  a  concentrated  aqueous 
solution  of  methyl  violet  for  every  5000  of  salt  solu- 
tion, is  placed  on  the  finger,  which  is  then  punctured. 
The  blood  and  solution  are  mixed  on  the  finger. 

Bjeloussow's  Gum  Arabic  and  Borax  Mass.  lor 
injecting  tissues.  Take  one  part,  by  weight,  of  gum 
arabic  and  make  a  syrupy  solution  in  water.  Take  a 
half  part,  by  weight,  of  sodium  biborate  and  make  a 
solution  in  water.  Mix  the  two  solutions,  when  a 
mass  resembling  gelatin  will  be  obtained.  This  mass, 
which  is  almost  insoluble  in  water,  is  rubbed  up  with 
water  and  forcibly  strained  through  linen.  Repeat 
the  operation,  when  a  solution  miscible  in  all  propor- 
tions with  water  is  obtained.  This  may  be  colored  by 
carmin  or  any  pigment  except  cadmium  and  cobalt. 

Black  (blah)  [AS.,  bUcc\.  Absence  of  color  or  light. 
The  appearance  of  an  object  from  whose  surface  none 
of  the  spectrum  colors  is  reflected.  B.  Alder.  See 
Prinos.  B.  Antimony,  antimonium  tersulphid,  Sb 
S3.  B.  Ash,  the  bark  of  Fraxinus  sambucifolia,  a 
mild  tonic  and  astringent.  Dose  of  fid.  ext.  !J  ss— j. 
Unof.  B.  Asphaltum.  Same  as  Japan  Black.  B. 
Birch.  See  Birch.  B.  Blood,  venous  blood.  B. 
Cancer.  See  Melanosis.  B.  Cohosh.  See  Cimici- 
fuga.  B.-damp,  carbon  dioxid  gas,  which  is  found 
in  greater  or  less  quantity  in  all  collieries,  being  given 
off  by  many  coals,  either  mixed  with  lire-damp,  or 
separately,  or  produced  in  various  other  ways,  as  by 
the  exhalations  of  the  nun,  by  fires,  ami  by  explo- 
sions of  fire-damp.  Also  called  choke-damp.  B. 
Death.  See  Plague.  B.  Disease,  I.  A  disease 
of  malarial  origin  and  pernicious  course,  character- 
ized by  extreme  darkening  of  the  skin,  which  may 
be  brown  or  black  in  color.  It  occurs  in  the  Garo 
Hills  in  Assam.  2.  See  Aubernage.  B.  Draught. 
See  Senna.  B.  Drop.  See  Opium.  B.  Erysipe- 
las. Synonym  of  Anthrax.  B.  Eye,  Iivor  (or 
sugillatio)  oculi.  See  Ecchymosis.  B.  Haw. 
Viburnum.  B.-head.  See  Comedo.  B.  Hellebore. 
See  Hellebore.  B.  Hoarhound.  See  Ballota.  B. 
Induration.  See  Induration.  B.  Infiltration.  See 
Miner's  Phthisis.     B.  Jaundice,  an  excessive   jaun- 


|;l  Ai  KBERRY 


'210 


111. AM.  ifKLE 


dice  arising  from  obstruction  of  the  gall-ducts.     The 
color  of  the  skm  i-  greenish-black.     B.  Lead,  a  form 
of  carbon  properl)   known   as   the  mineral  graphite 
B.-Leg,  i.    A  febrile,  generally  fatal   disease,  chiefly 
cting  cattle  and  sheep,  which  is  characterized  by  the 
rapid  appearance  of  irregular  nodules  in  the  skin  and 
muscular  tissues,  that  are  at  first   tense  and  very  pain- 
ful, but  rapidly  become  painless  and  crepitating.    There 
o  enlargement  of  the  spleen.      It  is  caused  byanae"- 
lacilli.     It  i.-  also  called  Symptomatic  Anthrax. 
2.   A   synonym  of  the  severe   form  of    Purpura.     B. 
Leprosy.     -  B.  Measles,  i.    The  local 

ifornian   name    tor   a   disease   of  the   grape,   dm-    to 
:.'.,:   (Viala   and    Sanragean). 
2.    Rubeola  nigra  ;   a  grave  or  malig- 
nant form  of  measles.    B.  Pepper.    See  Piper  nigrum. 
B.    Phthisis.     A  synonym  of  Miners'  Asthma.      B. 
Quarter.      Synonym    of   Anthrax.      See    also  Black 
B.  Sampon.    See  Echinacea  Angustifolia.     B. 
Snake-root.      See    Cimicifuga.      B.    Spauld.     See 
B.    Spit.      See    Miner's    Phthisis.     B. 
Sweat.       See   Chromidrosis.       B.   Tongue,    I.   See 
2.    A  name  given  to  a  condition  char- 
acterized  by  the   formation  upon   the  dorsum  of  the 
tongue   of    a   hair-like   deposit    that   passes   through 
various    stages    of  coloration    from  yellow   to  brown 
and   finally  black,  ultimately  disappearing  by  desqua- 
mation as  gradually  as  it  came.      Repeated  recurrence 
is  the  rule.      It   is  probably  an  undue  proliferation  of 
the  epithelium,  the  result  of  irritation.     3.  See  Nigri- 
t.    A  term  applied  to  erysipelatous  glossitis.     B. 
Vomit,  the  coffee-ground  vomit  of  yellow  fever,  etc. 
B.    Walnut,   the  leaves  of  Juglans  nigra,  a  tonic, 
alterative  and  deobstruent.      Dose  of  fid.  ext.  n\  xx- 
\\\.      Unof.      B.    Wash.     See  Hydrargyrum,      B. 
Willow,  the  buds  of  Salix  nigra,  a  bitter  tonic  with 
aphrodisiac  properties.      Dose  of  fid.  ext.  TT^  xv-^j. 
Li. 
Blackberry  (blak'  -ber-e)  [AS.,blac:  berie,  berry].     See 
Kui'i/s.     B.  Cordial,  the  cordiale  rubifructus  (X.F.). 
It-    formula  is:    blackberry  juice,   3  pints;   cinnamon 
in   coarse  powder,  2  Tr.  oz. ;  cloves  and    nutmeg,  in 
coarse   powder,  each    l/2  Tr.  oz.  ;    dilute    alcohol,   2 
pints  ;   syrup,  3  pints. 
Blackboy  Gum.     See  Acaroid  Rein. 
Blackley  Blue.     Same  as  Soluble  Blur. 
Blackwater  Fever  (blak'-wat-er  fe'-ver).     See  Fever. 
Bladder  (blad'-er)  [AS.,  bladre,  a  blister].     The  mem- 
branous, sac-like  reservoir  or  receptacle  for  the  urine. 
B.,  Atony  of,  inability  to   expel  the   urine,  from  de- 
ficient muscular  power.    B.,  Catarrh  of.     See  Cystitis. 
B.,  Extrophy,  or  Extroversion  of,  absence  of  the 
anterior  wall   of   the  bladder,  and   more   or   less    de- 
ency  of  the  corresponding  part  of  the  abdomen.  B., 
Fasciculated,  the  walls  thrown  into  ridges  by  chronic 
B. -green.    See  Pigment,  Conspectus  oj r.     B., 
Hernia    of.     See  Cystocele.     B.,  Inflammation  of. 
See  B  ,   Inversion  of,  a  protrusion  or  an 

invagination  of  the  bladder  through  the  urethra.  B., 
Irritable,  a  condition  characterized  by  constant  desire 
to  urinate.  B.,  Neck  of,  the  constricted  portion  con- 
tinuous with  the  urethra  in  front.  B.,  Nervous,  a 
condition  in  nervous  patients  in  which  there  is  a 
quent  desire  to  pass  water,  with  inability  at  the 
time  to  perform  the  act  perfectly,  and  consequent 
ght  dribbling  at  its  1  B.,  Paralysis  of,  the  same 

symptoms  as  in  atony,  but  more  marked  and  due  to 
nervous   or   central    disease.     If  affecting    the    neck 

if  the  body  of  the  organ. 

n  of  urine.     B.,  Sacculated,  pouches  formed 

the    hypertrophied     muscular    libers.       B. 

Senna,  the  plant  Colutea  a>  ;  its 


leave-,  are  used  ;b  a  substitute  for  senna.  Unof. 
B.  Tetter.  See  Pemphigus.  B.,  Trigone  of,  the 
triangular,  smooth  surface  upon  the  inner  surface  of 
the  base  oi  the  bladder,  immediately  behind  the 
urethral  orifice.  B.  Worm.  See  Worm.  B.- 
wort.      See    Utricularia.      B. -wrack.      Sec     Fucus 

.!  tUS. 

Bladdery  Fever  (blad'-er-e fever).      :  r. 

Blade  (".'</,/;  [ME.,  blad,  a  leaf  of  grass].  In  biology, 
the  broad  part  of  a  leaf.  B.-bone.  The  scapula  or 
shoulder-blade. 

Blaesitas  (pie* -sit-as).     See  Blesitas. 

Blain  (bl&n)  [ME. ,  blane,  a  blister].  1.  A  blister;  an 
elevation  of  the  cuticle  containing  serum.  Synonym 
of  Anthrax.  2.  A  disease  peculiar  to  the  ox,  marked 
by  sudden  swelling  oi  the  head,  neck,  and  throat, 
and  by  the  development  of  several  large  vesicles  on 
the  tongue  that  tend  to  cause  suffo(  ation. 

Blainville's    Ear.      See   Diseases,     Table   of,  and    I 
I ':  formities  of. 

Blair's  Wheat  Food.  A  variety  of  farinaceous  food 
for  infant-. 

Blake's  Disc.  A  device  used  in  treating  purulent  otitis 
media.  It  is  a  paper  disc  pasted  over  the  perforation 
of  the  tympanic  membrane  after  the  discharge  has 
ceased. 

Blanc  (bloh{ng))  [Fr.].  White.  B.  d'argent.  See 
Pigment.  B.  fixe.  Same  as  Permanent  White. 
B. -mange,  a  jelly-like  food-preparation,  having  as 
a  basis  gelatin,  carragheen,  isinglass,  starch,  or  arrow- 
root, boiled  with  milk  and  variously  flavored. 

Blancard's   Pills.      Tills  containing  the  iodid  of    iron. 

Bland  (bland)  [blandus,  mild].  A  term  applied  to 
mild  and  soothing  medicines  and  applications. 

Blandin  [blan'-din).     See  Glairin. 

Blandin's  Glands.  See  Gland.  B.'s  Operations. 
See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Blanket  (blanf-ket)  [Fr. ,  blanc,  white].  A  woolen 
covering,  so  called  because  originally  of  white  color. 
B.  Bath.     See  Bath,  Sheet  or  Pack. 

Blasius's  Operations.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Blastelasma  (blas-tel-az' -mah)  [Y/.aordq,  a  germ; 
i'/aaua,  plate  :  pi.,  Blastelasmata\.  In  embryology, 
any  secondary  germ-layer  appearing  from,  or  later 
than,  the  endoderm  and  ectoderm. 

Blastema  {blas-te* '-mah)  [fiMorrifia  from  J/nnrnvne,  to 
germinate].  The  formative  lymph  or  pabulum  of 
capillary  exudation.      A  synonym  of  protoplasm. 

Blastemal  (blas-te'  -mal\  [ fflwaravetv,  to  germinate]. 
Of  the  nature  of  a  blastema;  pertaining  to  a  blastema. 

Blastematic  (blas-tem-atf -ik) ,  or  Blastematous  (bias- 
tem'-at-us)  [3/aartirriv,  to  germinate].      Blastemal. 

Blastemic  (bias-tern' -ik)  [  Vkaaravtiv,  to  germinate]. 
Relating  to  blastema  ;  rudimentary;   bioplasmic. 

Blastide  (blas'-tid)  [J/naror,  a  germ].  In  embryolo- 
gy, a  very  small  clear  spot  on  the  fecundated  ovum 
marking  the  place  of  the  nucleus  or  cytoblast. 

Blasting  Gelatin  (plas'-ting  jel' -at-in).  (Jelatin 
Dynamite.  A  mixture  of  about  80  parts  of  nitro 
glycerin  with  20  of  nitro-cellulose.  Any  non-nitrated 
ion  or  trinitro-cellulose  interferes  with  the  solution 
of  the  nitro-glycerin.  The  addition  of  4  per  cent,  of 
camphor  renders  the  mixture  incapable  of  exploding 
when  -truck  by  a  rille  bullet,  but  it  can  be  detonated 
by  a  strong  dynamite  cap. 

Blastocardia  \blas-to-karf -de-ah)  [/8/la<rr<Jc,  a  genu; 
napdia,  the  heart].      The  germinal  spot, 

Blastocarpous    (blas-to-kar' -pus)    [ftXaordg,    a    germ; 
i7r<5c,  a  fruit].      In  biology,  developing  in  the  fruit. 

Blastocele  [   l/uwrrdc,  a  germ;   ium/Ioc,  hol- 

low].    The  central  cavity  of  the  blastula  or  vesicular 
morula. 


BLASTOCHEME 


'211 


BLEEDING 


Blastocheme    [bias' -to- hi- m)    \Ji7vaar6g ,  a  germ ;   >,Y'"'< 
to   hold,  to   have].      In    biology,  a  medusifonn  zodid 
that  gives  origin   to  generative   elements    n<>i    imme 
diately,  l>ut  through  the  intervention  of  sexual  buds. 
(Allman.) 

Blastochyle  [bias' -to-kll)  [fiXaordg,  a  germ;  xv^S, 
juice].  In  biology,  the  colorless  tluid  in  the  blasto- 
dermic vesicles. 

Blastoccelum,  Blastocceloma  [blas-to-se'-lom,  blas-to- 
se-lo'-mah) .     Same  as  Blastocele. 

Blastocolla  [blas-to-col'-aA)  \fi7uaxsT6g,  a  shoot ;  kh'/'/u, 
glue].  In  biology,  the  balsam  produced  on  buds  by 
glandular  hairs. 

Blastocolysis  [blas-to-kol-i' 'sis)  [/3Aa<rn$c,  a  germ; 
KdXovaig,  a  cutting  off].  The  arrest  of  a  develop- 
mental process. 

Blastocyst  [bios' -to-sist)  \J$haoT6g,  a  germ;  tcvarig,  a 
bladder].     The  germinal  vesicle. 

Blastoderm  [bios' -lo-derm)  [i'/.aoroc; ,  a  germ  ;  depfia, 
the  skin].  In  embryology,  the  germinal  membrane 
formed  by  the  cells  of  the  morula,  lying  on  the  inter- 
nal surface  of  the  vitelline  membrane  of  the  impreg- 
nated ovum.  The  whole  hollow  sphere,  with  its  sur- 
rounding cells,  is  called  the  blastodermic  vesicle,  and 
is  formed  about  the  tenth  day.  The  ectoderm  (or  epi- 
blast )  and  the  endoderm  [entoderm  ox  hypoblast)  layers 
are  simply  due  to  a  proliferation  of  the  blastodermic 
cells  about  the  germinal  area,  whereby  the  blastoderm 
is  doubled,  thus  forming  these  outer  and  inner  layers. 
The  mesoblast  or  middle  layer  is  developed  after  the 
latter,  and  probably  from  the  hypoblast. 

Blastodermic  [blas-to-der' '-mik)  [jSAaortfc,  a  germ; 
dipfia,  the  skin].      Relating  to  the  blastoderm. 

Blastodisc  [blas'-to-disk)  [J/.a<T-6c,  a  germ;  fiionoc, 
disc].  A  blastodermic  disc;  amass  or  disc  capping 
one  pole  of  the  yolk. 

Blastogenesis  [blas-to-jen'-es-is)  [  iAaoroc,  a  germ ; 
yiveair,  generation].  In  biology,  Weismann's  theory 
of  origin  from,  germ-plasm  [a.  v.)  in  contradistinction 
to  Darwin's  theory  of  Pangenesis. 

Blastogeny  [blas-toj'-en-e)    [J/.ncrroc,  a  germ;    yh 
generation].      Haeckel's  term  for  the  germ-history  of 
an  individual  organism  ;   a  division  of  ontogeny. 

Blastoma  [blas-to'-mah)  [o'/«otoc,  a  germ;  buu,  a 
tumor:  //.,  Blastomata~\.  A  granular  growth  due  to 
the  presence  of  a  germ  or  microorganism. 

Blastomatic  [blas-to-maf -ik)  [  i'/aaruq,  a  germ;  bua,  a 
tumor].      Relating  to  a  blastoma. 

Blastomere  [bias'  -to-nter)  [J/noroc,  a  germ  ;  pkpoq,  a 
part].  Any  one  of  the  nucleated  cells  or  segments 
into  which  the  fecundated  vitellus  divides. 

Blastomeric  [blas-to-mer'-ik)  [/JAaordc,  a  germ  ;  uipor, 
a  part].  Relating  to  or  of  the  character  of  a  blasto- 
mere. 

Blastoneuropore  [blas-to-nu' -ro-por)  [ T/.aaroQ ,  a  germ  ; 
veiipov,  a  nerve;  irbpoq,  a  pore].  In  biology,  the  tem- 
porary aperture  in  certain  embryos  formed  by  the 
coalescence  of  the  blastopore  and  neuropore. 

Blastophore  [bios' -to-for)  \_Q1xust6z  a  germ  ;  oipetv,  to 
bear].  That  part  of  a  sperm-cell  that  does  not  be- 
come converted  into  spermatozoa. 

Blastophyllum  [blas-to-fil' -um)  [/JAacrrdc,  a  germ; 
0i>AAov,  a  leaf:  pi.,  Blastopkylla~\.  An  endoderm  or 
an  ectoderm  ;  a  primitive  germ-layer. 

Blastophyly  [blas-toff  ' -il-e)  [/}Anor<5c,  a  germ  ;  or///, 
a  tribe].  The  tribal  history  of  individual  organ- 
isms. 

Blastopore    [blas'-to-por]     [  Ykaorbg,    a    germ  ;     ~ 
passage,  pore].      In    biology,  the   primitive  mouth  or 
archistome,    the    orifice    to    the    two-layered    embryo 
[blastula).      "The    blastopore    is    the    small    opening 
which  leads  into  the  notochordal  canal,  or   after  the 


canal   has   fused   with  the  yolk  cavity,  lead-   into  the 
archenteron.      It    i.-.    Htuated  at  the  hind  I    the 

primitive  axis  (head-process)  and  marks  the  anterior 
boundary  of  the  anus   ol    Rusconi  in  amphibia,  or  oi 
the  primitive   streak,   properlj  so-called,  of  amniota." 
(Minot).     "Van    Beneden's    blastopore"    is    formed 
previously  to  the  blastodermic  cavity. 

Blastosphere  [bios' -lo-s/er)  [  JAatrnJc,  a  germ  ;    - 
a  sphere].     In    biology,  the  "blastula,"    "germinal 
vesicle,"    or    "vesicular  germ."      A     hollow  sphere 
composed  of  a  single,   simple  layer  of  germinal  cells. 
A  vesicular  morula. 

Blastostyle  [bios' -to-stil)  [  JAaardf,  a  germ  ;  arvAog, 
a  pillar].  In  biology,  a  columnar  zodid  devoted  to 
the  origination  of  sexual  bud-,. 

Blastula  [blas'-tu-lah)  [dim.  of  .  a  germ:  //., 

'//'.].     In    embryology,  ••  The    earlic-t  form   of 

the-  diaderm,  a  simple  epithelial  v.  dele,  the  cavity  of 

which  is  the  large  segmentation  cavity  "  (Minot).   Cf. 

Blastosph 

Blastulation  [blas-tu-la' -shon)  [dim.  of  QAaarbq,  a 
germ].  In  embryology,  the  conversion  of  a  morula 
or  mulberry-germ  into  a  blastula  or  vesicular  germ. 

Blatta  [blat'-ah)  [L. ,  "  blood-colored"].  A  genus  of 
the  Blattidic.  B.  (Periplaneta)  orientalis,  the  cock- 
roach ;  the  powdered  body  of  the  cockroach.  A  pop- 
ular remedy  for  dropsy  among  Russian  peasants.  It 
increases  the  amount  of  urine  and  diminishes  the 
amount  of  albumin.  Dose  gr.  iv-xx.  Unof.  See 
Antihydropin. 

Blaud's  Pill.  A  pill  containing  sulphate  of  iron  and 
carbonate  of  potash;  for  use  in  amenorrhea,  etc.  See 
Pill. 

Bleach  (blecli)  [ME.,  blechen,  to  make  white].  To  make 
white  or  pale,  to  diminish  the  intensity  of  color. 
Bleached  Lac.  See  Lac.  Bleaching  Powder, 
chlorinated  lime,  a  mixture  of  calcium  chlorid  and 
calcium  hypochlorite,  containing  free  chlorin  gas.  It 
is  much  used  as  a  disinfectant.  Bleaching  Fluid, 
eau  de  Javelle,  a  similar  composition  obtained  by  pass- 
ing chlorin  gas  into  an  emulsion  of  calcium  hydrate. 
The  most  important  bleaching  agents  are  the  follow- 
ing :  BLEACHING  AGENTS. — Acids:  Hydrochloric, 
Nitric,  Sulphuric;  Carbonate  of  Potassium  (K2C03)  ; 
its  value  depends  upon  the  percentage  of  carbonate  it 
contains;  Caustic  Soda  (NaOH),  a  coarse  white 
powder  ;  Chlorid  of  lime,  a  white  powder  with  a  chlo- 
rinous  odor  ;  it  is  the  most  important  of  all ;  Hydr 
dioxid  (H202),  a  colorless,  odorless  liquid.  It  is 
called  "Golden  Hair-dye;  "  Permanganate  of  Potas- 
sium (K .,Mn.,()J  :  Soaps:  Tallow.  Rosin,  and  Olive 
Oil;  Soda  Ash  (Xa,CO.();  its  value  depends  <>n  the 
amount  of  Na,<  )  it  contains  ;  Soda  Crystals  (Xa,C03.- 
ioH20). 

Bleacher's  Eczema  [blech'-erz  ek'-zem-ah).  Eczema 
of  the  hands  of  bleachers,  due  to  their  continuous  im- 
mersion in  hot  water  and  strong  lye. 

Blear  Eye  (bler'-i).     See  Blepharitis  ulcerosa. 

Bleb  (bUb i.      See  Bulla. 

Blebby  [bleb'-e)  {Scotch,  bleb,  "  a  blister  "].  Covered 
with  blebs. 

Blechropyra    [blek-ropr" -ir-ah)    \_A'/i,\.>--,   mild  ; 
heat],      A  transient  fever ;  a  febricula. 

Blechrosphygmia  [blek-ro-sfig1 '-me-aA)  '  vpoc, 
weak  ;  rr,,r-  ui.r,  pulse].  Weakness  or  slowness  of  the 
pulse. 

Bleed  [bled)  [AS.,  bledan,  to  bleed].  To  shed  or  give 
vent  to  blood. 

Bleeders  [ble'-derz)  [AS.,  bledan.  to  bleed].  A  popular 
term  for  those  who  are  subjects  of  the  hemorrhagic 
diathesis.      B.'s  Disease.     See  Hemophilia. 

Bleeding  [bW-ding).   See  Bloodletting and  Hemorrhage. 


II  EMMA  fROPE 


2 1  .' 


BLEPHAR(  (PLASTIC 


Blemmatrope  iretv, 

to  turn].      An  apparatus  u>r  the  various  posi- 

tions >>i  tli>--  eye  in  it~  orbit. 

Blennadenh:^  ,  mucus; 

•  i  1].       Inflammation  <>i'   the  mucous    glands   and 

Blennelytria  mucus  ; 

Blennemesis  m 

to  vomit]. 
Blennemetic  «,   mucus  ; 

to  vomit! .      Relating  to  or  of  the  nature  ofblenn 


Blennenteria 


mucus ; 


].     A  mucous  diarrhea  or  dysentery. 

Blennenteritis  mucus; 

,  intestin  inflammation],     i.    Enteritis 

with  a  of  mucus.     J.   Inflammation 

of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  bowel. 

Blennentery  Same  as  Blennenteria. 

Blennogenic.    or    Blennogenous    [blen-o-jen'-ik,    or 

.  mucus  ;   ytveatg,  production], 
l'r  mu  ii-  ;  muciparous. 

BlennoiJ  .    mucus;    eldor,    form]. 

Res  :  myxoid ;  muciform ;  mucoid. 

Blennoma  ,  mucus;  bfia,  a  tumor: 

.-].     i.     A    mucous    polypus.     2.     A 
myxoma. 
Blennometritis     [blen-o-me-tri' -tis)     [3/dvva,    mucus; 
nflammation] .    Catarrhal  metritis. 
Blennophthalmia  f  thal'-me-ak)       [i/ 

mu  ..    disease    of  the   eyes].     Catarrhal 

conjunctivitis. 
Blennoptysis  1  ///en-  p'-tis-is)  [■>'/■■  vru,    mucus;    -r'vaig, 

a  spitting].      Bronchial  mucous  expectoration. 
Blennorrhagia     (blen-or  \      [(itewa,     mucus; 

at,  to  burst  forth].      An  excessive  catarrhal  dis- 
charge from  the  urethra  or  vagina.     Sec  Gonorrhea. 
Blennorrhagic    [blen-or-af -jik)   [fitevva,   mucus;    prjy- 

to  burst  forth].      Relating  to  blennorrhagia. 
Blennorrhea  ih)   [i/.'fra,  mucus  ;  pietv,  to 

ia. 
Blennorrheal        //  or-e'-al)  [  .  mucus;  pieiv,  to 

.  ].     Relating  to  blennorrhea. 
Blennorrhinia   [blen-or-in' '-e-ah)   \_3tevva>  mucus ;    'pig, 

the  nose].      Coryza  ;   nasal  catarrh. 
Blennosi-  f-sis)  \_fi7thrva, mucus ;  vdaog,  disease : 

].      Any  disease  of  a  mucous  membrane. 
Blennostasi-  '-tas-is)   [  Itevva,  mucus ;  gt 

a  staying].      The  checking  or  suppression  of  any  mu- 
is  dischai 
Bl.nnostatic  .   '  |    ■'         '.mucus;   ariimr, 

staying].      I        ting  a  blennostasis  ;  checking  mu- 

Blennothorax  mt,      mucus; 

\].  Pulmonary  catarrh. 

Blennotorrhe  ,  '    ■    ,   [   ;      -..,■,  mucus;   ovg, 

ear  :                     ■ .  ].  A  mucous  discharge  from  the  ear. 

Blennozemia  mucus  ;  0 

Blennuria       blen-u'  mucus;     oi 

urine].      Th  in  the  urine. 

Blennymenitis     (bl-n-im  mucus; 

m  of  any  mucous  sur- 

Blephara  Plural  of  Blepharon,  a.  v. 

Blepharadenitis  the 

eyelid  ;  I        mmation  1  >l  the  Meibi  in 

glat. 
Blepharal  .  the  eyelid].      I: 

ing  to  an  eyelid  or  to  the  eyelids. 
Blepharanthracosis  [bUf-ar-an-thrak-o'-si 


the  eyelid  ;  avOpAxuaig,  a  charring;  carbunculization]. 
1  larbum  ular  inflammation  of  the  eyelid. 

Blepharedema  [blcf-ar-e-de* -mah  1  [  I  .  the  eye- 

lid ;  oifo/fia,  a  swelling].  Swelling  or  edema  of  the 
eyelids. 

Blepharelosis   [blef-ar-el-o1 '-sis)   [  ,  the  eyelid  ; 

:.  to  roll].     Synonym  of  Entropion. 

Blepharemphysema  [blef-ar-em  fi.s-e'-mah)  [  I 

an  inflation].     Emphysema  of  an 
eyelid. 

Blepharis  [blef -ar-is)  [dfefapig,  an  eyelash].  An 
eyelash. 

Blepharism  [bleff-ar-izm)  \_3'/>q>api^etv,  to  wink]. 
Rapid  involuntary  winking;  morbidly  excessive  nicti- 
tatjpn. 

Blepharitic  [blef-ar-if '-ih)  [  '  .  the  eyelid  ;  irn;, 

inflammation].    Relating  to  or  affected  with  blepharitis. 

Blepharitis  [blef-ar-i' '-tis)   [  I  .   the  eyelid;  trig, 

inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the  eyelids.  B. 
ciliaris,  tarsal  ophthalmia  ;  a  pustular  disease  of  the 
border  of  the  eyelids,  often  the  result  of  local  irrita- 
tion arising  from  habits  of  uncleanliness.  B.  margi- 
nalis,  inflammation  seated  at  the  marginal  border  of 
the  lids.  B.  ulcerosa,  an  ulcerative  inflammation  of 
the  eyelids. 

Blepharo-adenitis  [blef  -ar-o-ad-en -if-tis).  See  Bleph- 
aradenitis. 

Blepharo-adenoma     [blef -ar-o-ad-en-o/ -mah)     [  I 
apov,  the  eyelid;   a&nv,  a  gland;   ofia,  a  tumor :    pi., 
Blcpharo-adenomata\      An    adenoma    on    the    ciliary 
margin  of  the  eyelid. 

Blepharo  atheroma    {plef ' -ar-o-ath-er-o* '-mah)    [ 

,  ,  an  eyelid  ;  aO/jpuua,  a  tumor  full  of  gruel-like 
matter].  An  atheromatous  tumor  imbedded  in  the 
tarsus  of  the  lid  ;  it  is  cystic  and  contains  a  semifluid 
detrital  substance. 

Blepharochromidrosis  [blef '-ar-o-kro-mid-ro' '-sis) [  M  >'- 
>ov,    the    eyelid;     xP(J!mi     color;     idp&g,    sweat]. 
Colored   sweat   of    the    eyelids,  usually  of    a   bluish 
tint. 

Blepharocleisis   [blef -ar-o-klif -sis)   [  I  ,  the  eye- 

lid ;  d/:ic,tr,  closure].  Ankyloblepharon;  abnormal 
closure  of  the  eyelids. 

Blepharodyschrea  [blef-ar-o-dis-kre,-ah),  or  Blepha- 
rodyschroia  [blef-ar-o-dis-kroi' -ah)  [fiXefapov,  the 
eyelid;  6vg-,  bad;  XP°"'li  color].  Discoloration  of 
the  eyelid  from  nevus  or  from  any  other  cause. 

Blepharoedema  [blef-ar-o-e-def-mah).  See  Blephare- 
dema. 

Blepharolithiasis  [blef ' -ar-o-lith-V -as-is)  \  <v,  the 

eyelid;  Tudog,  a  stone].  The  formation  of  marginal 
concretions  within  the  eyelid. 

Blepharon  [hlcf-ar-on)  \fi7Jktyapaw,  the  eyelid:  pi. , 
Blepharal-      The  eyelid  ;   palpebra. 

Blepharoncus  [blef-ar-ong' -kits)  \ji7Jktyapw,  the  eye- 
lid; ■  of,  an  enlargement].  A  swelling  of  the  eve- 
lid. 

Blepharopachynsis  (blef-ar-o-pak-in'  -sis)  [  i'/ix>apnv, 
the  eyelid;  waxvg,  thick].  .Morbid  thickening  of  the 
eyelid. 

Blepharophimosis  [blef-ar-o-fi-mo* '-sis)  [  i?J</tapov,  the 
eyelid;  <j>ifiaaig,  a  shutting  up].  Abnormal  -mallness 
of  the  palpebral  openings. 

Blepharophryplastic  [blef-ar-o-frip-las'-tik)  \fihk$apov, 
the  eyelid;  oppvg,  brow;  KAaaTikSg,  plastic].  Per- 
taining to  the  pla>tie  surgery  of  the  lid  and  eyebrow. 

Blepharophyma  [blef-ar-o-fi'-mah)  [  \tefapov,  the  eye- 
lid ;  <i<  im,  a  growth:  pi.,  Blepharophymata\  A 
tumoi  of,  or  outgrowth  from,  the  eyelid. 

Blepharoplastic     {blef-ar-o-plas' -Hk)     \fi"kktyapm>,    the 
lid;    ir'AaoTindg,  plastic].      Pertaining  to    blepharo- 
plasty. 


BLEPHAROPLASTY 


BLl  l(  >li 


Blepharoplasty  (blef -ar-o-plas-te)  [  IXeQapav,  the  eye- 
lid;  TvXdaaeiv,  to   form].      An  operation  for   the  l"i 
mation  of  any  part  of  the  eyelid  destroyed  by  ground 
or  lesion,  by  engrafting  or  transplanting  from  a  con- 
tiguous healthy  part. 

Blepharoplegia  (blef-ar-o-ple' -je-ah)  [/Mi0apov,  the  eye- 
lid ;   t//,;/,,  a  stroke].      Paralysis  of  an  eyelid. 

Blepharoptosis  |  t  at  op-t  '  rw)|  Xkztyapov,  the  eyelid; 
KTuotg,  a  fall].     Ptosis  of  an  upper  eyelid.     See/', 

Blepharopyorrhea  (blef-ar-o-pi-or-e'-ah)  [  Xkktyapov, 
the  eyelid  ;  -im-  pus;  fieeiv,  to  flow].  A  How  of  pus 
from  the  eyelid. 

Blepharorrhaphy  (blef-ar-or' -a-fe)  [  IXeifiapov,  the  eye 
lid;   pa<pr/,  a  seam].     The  stitching  together  of  a  part 
of  the  blepharal  slit. 

Blepharorrhea  (blef-ar-or-e' -ah)  [(3Xi<papov,  the  eyelid; 
fioia,  a  flow].      A  discharge  from  the  eyelid. 

Blepharospasm  (blef -ar-o-spaztn)  [{itefapov,  the  eye- 
lid; a-arriu6g,  a  spasm].  Spasm  of  the  orbicularis 
palpebrarum  muscle.      Excessive  winking. 

Blepharospath  (blef  -ar-o-spath)  [  3'/ toapuv,  the  eyelid; 
cnrdtii,-,  a  blade].  A  forceps  for  taking  up  or  holding 
an  artery;   for  use  in  operations  on  the  eyelid. 

Blepharostat  (blef-ar-o-stat)  [3?it<t>apov,  the  eyelid ; 
larurai,  to  cause  to  stand].  An  instrument  for  hold- 
ing the  eyelids  apart  or  firm  whilst  performing  opera- 
tions upon  the  eyes  or  lids. 

Blepharostenosis  (blef-ar-o-ste-no'-sis)  [ft/tttiapov ,  the 
eyelid  ;  arevor,  narrow].  Diminution  of  the  space 
b<  tween  the  eyelids. 

Blepharosynechia  (blef-ar-o-sin-ek-i'-ah)  [3/J<papov, 
the  eyelid  ;  awixeui,  a  holding  together].  The  adhe- 
sion or  growing  together  of  the  eyelids. 

Blepharotomy  (blef-ar-of -o-me)  \_3/J(papov,  the  eyelid  ; 
re/iveiv,  to  cut].  Incision  into  the  eyelid.  B.,  Ob- 
lique. Sphincterotomy,  or  Stell  wag's  operation. 
See  Operations,  Tabic  of.         < 

Blesitas  (ble'  -sit-as)  \blcesus,  a  lisping].  Stammering 
or  lisping  ;  the  use  of  a  vocalized  consonant  instead 
of  a  mute  ;  as  b  {or p.  Also  the  condition  of  one  with 
distorted  limbs.  Applied  also  to  an  angular  curvature 
of  the  spine.      The  term  is  loosely  used. 

Blessed  Thistle,     (pies' -ed  this' -1} .     See  Carduus. 

Blight  (bltt)  [origin  unknown].  A  partial  paralysis  of 
certain  facial  nerves,  arising  from  sudden  or  extreme 
cold.  B.  of  the  Eye,  an  extravasation  of  blood 
within  the  conjunctiva. 

Blind  (Hind)  [AS.,  blind].  Without  sight.  Deprived 
of  sight.  B.  Spot,  that  part  of  the  area  of  the  fundus 
of  the  eye  where  the  optic  nerve  enters.  B.  Staggers. 
See  Staggers. 

Blinder  (blind'-er)  [AS.,  blind].  A  shield  worn  before 
an  eye,  to  temporarily  throw  it  out  of  function.  See 
Gould,  Method  of.  B.  Treatment  of  monocular 
amblyopia.      See  Gould,  Method  of. 

Blindness  (bhnd'-nes)  [AS.,  blind].  Want  of  vision. 
Color-B.,  subnormal  perception  of  colors.  This  con- 
dition is  found  in  about  4  per  cent,  of  people,  is  more 
frequent  in  men  than  in  women,  and  is  probably  due  to 
non-exercise  of  the  color  sense.  Complete  Color- 
B.  is  very  rare,  the  different  colors  probablv  appear- 
ing as  different  intensities  or  shades  of  white  light.  In 
Partial  Color-B.  subnormal  perception  of  red  is  the 
most  frequent,  green,  blue  and  yellow,  respectively, 
being  next  in  order.  Tests  for  Color-B.  usually 
consist  in  matching  and  classifying  colored  yarns. 
Cortical  B.,  I!.  due  to  lesion  of  the  cortical  center 
of  vision.  Day-B.  Site  Nyctalopia.  Mind-B.  See 
Psychic  B.  Moon-B.,  a  rare  condition  of  retinal 
anesthesia  said  to  be  due  to  exposure  of  the  eves  to  the 
moon's  rays  in  sleeping.  Night-B.  See  Hemera- 
lopin.     B.,  Object-.     See   Apraxia.      Psychic    B., 


loss  ol  conscious  visual  sensation  from  destruction  of 
the  cerebral  visual  center;  there  is  sight  but  not  recog- 
nition.    Snow-B.,  photo  unctivitisi 
to  exposure  of  the  eyes  to  the  glare  ol   sunlight  upon 
-now.      B.,  Word-.     See  Apha 

Blister  (bits' -ter)  [ME.,  bh  t  j       A   vesicle 

resulting  from   the  exudation  ol  Ruid  betv 

the  epidermis  and  true  skin.     Also  the  agent  by  whi<  h 
the  blister  is  produced.      B.,  Fly,  a   beetle,  ( 

iria,  the   body  of  which   1  is  a  blistering 

agent;  a  blister  of  cantharides.  B.,  Flying,  a  blister 
that  remains  long  enough  to  produce  redness  of  the 
skin  and  not  vesication.  B.  Test,  for  gout.  The 
serum  from  a  blister  in  a  gouty  individual  will  yield 
crystals  of  uric  acid  when  examined  b)  Garrod 
test  (a. v.),  only,  however,  when  the  blister  is  situated 
at  a  distance  from  the  affected  joint.  According  to 
Garrod  the  acid  cannot  be  detected  in  the  fluid  from 
a  blister  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  gouty  articulation, 
and  he  infers  that  gouty  inflammation  causes  a  local 
destruction  of  uric  acid. 

Blistering  (bits' -ter-ing)  [ME.,  blister,  a  vesicle]. 
Forming  a  vesicle  upon  the  skin.  B.  Collodion,  a 
solution  of  cantharidin  in  ether.  B.  Liquid.  Same 
as  />'.  Collodion.  B.  Paper,  paper  saturated  with 
cantharides;   used  for  producing  vesication. 

Bloat  (blot)  [M.E. ,  blote,  swelling].  1.  Puffiness;  edema; 
turgidity  from  any  cause,  as  from  anasarca.  2.  A  form 
of  colic  in  the  horse  produced  by  tympanitic  distention 
of  the  intestines.      Also  called   Wind  Colic. 

Block  (blok)  [ME.,  blok,  a  piece  of  wood].  In  dentistry 
a  mass  of  gold  foil  for  filling  teeth,  made  by  folding  a 
tape  of  foil  upon  itself  several  times  by  means  of  pliers. 
B.  Teeth.  Two  or  more  artificial  teeth  carved  from 
a  piece  of  ivory,  or  carved  or  moulded  from  a  mass  of 
porcelain  paste  and  afterwards  baked  and  enamelled. 
B.  Teeth,  Biscuiting,  or  Crucing  of.  The  teeth, 
after  being  moulded  or  carved,  are  placed  on  a  slide 
and  put  in  the  muffle  of  a  furnace  and  subjected  to  a 
bright-red  heat,  by  which  process  the  particles  become 
sufficiently  agglutinated  and  hardened  to  receive  the 
enamel.      This  is  called  biscuiting  or  crucing. 

Blond  [blond)  [Fr.,  blond,  light,  fair].  I.  Eight  com- 
plexioned  ;  fair.      2.   A  person  with  a  fair  complexion. 

Blood  (blud)  [ME  ,  blood].  The  fluid  that  circulates 
through  the  heart,  arteries,  and  veins,  supplying  nutri- 
tive material  to  all  parts  of  the  bod  v.  In  the  human 
being  the  blood  of  the  arteries  is  bright-red  ;  that  of 
the  veins  dark-red.  Blood  consists  of  colorless  plasma 
in  which  are  suspended  the  red  and  colorless  corpus- 
cles. When  exposed  to  the  air  it  coagulates,  forming 
a  red-clot  and  a  yellowish  fluid  called  serum.  Healthy 
blood  consists  of  79  per  cent  of  water,  and  21  per  cent, 
solids.  B. -Casts,  tube- 
casts  to  which  red  blood 
corpuscles  are  attached. 
B. -Corpuscles,  small, 
circular,  biconcave  discs 
floating  in  the  blood.  Red 
corpuscles  are  circular  in 
mammals  (except  the 
camel,,  and  elliptical  in 
birds  and  reptiles.  In 
man  they  are  about  -.  .',T!T 
inch     in     diameter    and 


rAo<r  incn  thick. 
iscles 


( Color- 
less corpuscles  are  about 
one-third  larger  in  diame- 
ter and  comparatively  few. 
I  he)  exhibit  movemi 
similar  to  those  of  atnebee. 
The  coloring-matter  of  the  B.  is  found  in  a  substance 


Human   Colored    Blood- 
corpuscles. 

I,  on  the  flat;    2,  on   edge; 
3,  rouleau   of  corpuscles. 
terLandois.) 


l;l  OOD1  ESS 


21  i 


BLUMENB  \<  II.  (  I  1\  I  s  OF 


known  as  hemoglobin .  and  is  said  to  be  due  to  minute 
quantities  of  the  salts  of  iron.  B.-cure,  the  therapeutic 
employment  of  fresh  blood,  mainly  that  of  bulloi 


Hi  man  Red  Blood- 
magmfied  500  times). 
diamett  1  'ter  Landois.) 

B. -crystals,  crystals  of  a  substance  known  as  hema- 
lin.     B..  Defibrinated,  freshly  shed  blood  that  has 
n  beaten  with  a  glass  rod  or  tongs  until  the  fibrin 
all  adhered   to  the  rod  in   the  form  of  a  solid, 
fibi  -h-white.    elastic    mass.      B. -flower. 

B. -fluke.  See  Bilharzia  Hematobia. 
B.,  Gases  of.  certain  gases  given  off  when  blood  is 
exposed  to  the  vacuum  produced  by  an  air-pump. 
They  are  carbonic  acid,  nitrogen,  and  oxygen,  and 
stitute  about  half  of  the  volume  of  the  blood.* 
B. -globules.  Same  as  B .-corpuscles.  B.-heat,  a 
temperature  varying  from  980  to  100°  F.  B. -islands, 
a  term  applied  I  roups  of  corpuscles  developed 

during   the    first    days  of   embryonic   life,    within  the 
large  branched  cells  of  the  mesoblast.      B.,  Loss  of. 
hage.       B.-mole,    in    obstetrics,    a   mole 
consisting  of  the  decidua  only,  interspersed  with  effu- 
is  of  blood,  the  fetus   having  been  expelled.      B.- 
plaque.     See   B. -platelets.     B. -plasma,    the   liq 
sanguinis,  or  fluid  part  of  the  blood.     B. -plate.     See 
B .-platelets.      B. -platelets  ;  besides  the  red  and  col- 
orless corpuscles,  the   blood   contains  smaller  formed 
elements,  concerning  which  there    arc    many  theories 
and  names.     Hayem  describes  Hematoblasts ;  Pouches 
describes   Globulins :   Max    Schultze,  Kornchen    1  ele- 
mentary bodies  1  ;    llizzozero,  Blut-plattchen,  or  Blood- 
itelets.     They  are  circular  or  oval,  light  gray,  and  in 
human  blood  destitute  of  nuclei.      They  are  from  I  to 
I.3    11   in   size,   there    being    from   18,000  to   300,000 
in  the  cubic  millimeter.      B. -poisoning,  a  common 
term    denoting  any   ailment    arising    from    the    intro- 
duction  of  decomposing  organic  matter  or  putrefac- 
tive germs    into    the    blood.     See  Anthrax,   Pyemia 
and  Septicemia.     B. -pressure,  the  force  of  compres- 
n  exerted  by  the  blood  upon  the  walls  of  the  vessels 
ler  the  influence  of   the  heart's  action,  the  elastic 
walls,  etc.      Various  instruments  have  been  devised  to 
mate  the  amount  of  this  pressure,  the  Hemadynamo- 
nut  Pot    uille,    Ludzvig's    Kymograph,     Lick's 

■  '. .   '.  Basch?  s  Sphygmomanometer,  the 
aph,  etc.     B.-root.     See  S,m- 
B.-shot,  extravasated   with   blood.     B- 
spavin.     See  Spavin.     B. -stone.     See  Conspeclu 

tnder   Pigment.     B. -striking.     Synonym 
of   Anthrax.     See  also  Black-leg.      B. -tablet. 

td-plale.  B. -tumor.  See  Hematoma.  B. -ves- 
sel, a  tube-like  structure  for  conveying  the  blood 
thri  1  lody.      <  f.  .  Xrterv  ami  /  'ein. 

Bloodless  [blud'-les)   [ME.,  blood].      Without  bl 
B.  Operations,  surgical  operations,  such  as   amputa- 
tions, in  which  the  member  is  so  bandaged  by   com 
presses  and  bands   that  the  blood  is  expelled 

and  kept  from  the  part  to  be  operated  upon. 
Bloodletting  [M.E.,  blood;  leten].     The 

artificial  abstraction  of  blood  from  the  body.    B.,  Gen- 
eral, vent  section  or  phlebotomy;  it  acts  by  redu 
iid    diminishing    the   quantit) 
od.    It  is  occasionally  used  with  excellent  results  in 


pneumonia,    sunstroke,    etc.      B.,  Local  or  Topical. 
Cupping,  Leeching  or  Scarification.  It  is  useful  in 
;  tain  inflammatory  conditions. 

Bloody  (blud'-e)  [ME.,  blood.]      Having  the  nature  of. 
or  filled  with  blood.     B.  Flux.     See  Dysentery.     B. 
Milk.     See   Red  Milk   Bacillus  and    Bacteria,  Sy 
nymatic,    Table    of.       B.    Murrain.       Synonym    of 
Anthrax.      B.  Sweat.      See  Ephidrosis. 

Bloom  [/'tun/)  [ME.,  blew,  a  blossom],     1.  A  blossom 
2.    A  state  of  health.      3.    See  Lubricating  Oils. 

Blossom [bios'  -um  )[M  E.,blosso/ne,a  flower].  In  biology, 
11)  the  flower  of  a  plant  ;    (2)  to  put  forth  flowers. 

Blotch  (/'/,'<//)  [origin  uncertain].  A  pimple  or  blain  ; 
a  small  discolored  patch  of  skin;  a  group  of  small 
pustules. 

Blow  (bio)  [AS.,  blovan].  I.  To  pant.  2.  To  deposit 
eggs  up<  in,  as  flies. 

Blowing  Sound.     See  Bellows  Murmur. 

Blown  (Hon)  [ME.,  blowen].  In  farriery,  with  the 
stomach  distended  from  gorging  with  food.  B.  Meat, 
meat  that  has  been  blown  up  with  air  in  order  to  give 
it  a  wdiite  color  ami  to  hide  delects  in   its  condition. 

Blow-pipe  [blof-pip).  A  cylindrical  tube,  from  twelve 
to  eighteen  inches  long,  about  half  an  inch  in  diame- 
ter at  one  end,  and  gradually  tapering  to  a  tine  point 
or  nozzle,  which  may  be  straight  01  bent  at  a  right 
angle;   it  is  used  in  directing  the   flame  of  a  lamp  in  a 

"  fine  conical  tongue.  B.,  Automaton,  in  dentistry,  a 
blow-pipe  especially  designed  for  crown  and  bridge- 
work,  into  which  the  air  is  admitted  and  conducted 
through    a   small  tube   to   the  uj  I    of   another 

which  admits  illuminating  gas.  The  supply  of  both 
air  and  gas  is  regulated  by  the  presssure  of  the  thumb 
or  fingers  on  the  rubber  tubes  of  the  appliance.  B., 
Oxyhydrogen,  an  apparatus  for  producing  inti  □ 
heat  by  burning  hydrogen  or  illuminating  gas  at  the 
end  of  a  mixing  nozzle. 

Bloxam's  Test.     See   Tests,  Table  of. 

Blue  (bloo)  [ME.,  blew].  One  of  the  colors  of  the 
spectrum.  B.,  Alexandria.  Same  as  Egyptian  Blur. 
B.-Baby,  a  child  with  blue  disease.  B. -bottle.  Si  e 
Centaurea.  B.  Blindness,  acyanopsia.  B.  Cohosh. 
See  Caulophyllum.  B.  Disease,  cyanosis  of  the 
new-born,  due  fri  quently  to  congenital  disease  of 
the  heart.  This  usually  consists  in  constriction  of 
the  pulmonary  artery  with  deficiency  in  the  septum 
of  the  ventricles,  the  aorta  communicating  with 
the  right  ventricular  cavity.  See  Cyanopathy.  B. 
Flag.  Sec  Iris.  B.  Gentian,  the  root  of  Gentiana 
catesbai,  tonic  and  stomachic.  Dose  of  fid.  ext. 
m^  x-xl.  Unof.  B.  Gum.  See  Gingival.  B.  Gum 
Tree.  See  Eucalyptus.  B.  Cardinal  Flower. 
Synonym  of  Lobelia  syphilitica.  B.  Edema,  a  pulled 
and  bluish  appearance  of  the  limb  sometimes  seen  in 
hysterical  paralysis.  B.  Jaundice.  See  Acleitocar- 
ilia.  B.  Line.  See  Lead  Lin,-.  B.  Malachite. 
Same  as  Azurite.  B.  Mass.  See  Hydrargyrum. 
B.-milk  Bacillus,  Bacillus  cyanogenus ;  it  imparts  a 
blue  color  to  milk  and  renders  it  irritating  to  the 
stomach  and  intestine.  See  Bacteria,  Synonymatic 
'/'able  of.  B.  Ocher.  See  Conspectus  of  Pigments 
under  Pigment.  B.  Ointment.  See  Hydrargyrum. 
B.  Pill.  See  Hydrargyrum.  B.,  Prussian.  See 
Pigment.  B.  Stick.  Same  ;i-  /,'.  Stone.  B.  Stone. 
Copper  and  />'.  Vitriol.  B.  Verditer.  Same  as 
Bremen  Blue.  B.  Vervain.  See  Verbena.  B. 
Vitriol.     See  Conspe  Ht      '  Pigments,  under  Pigment. 

Blues  (blooz)  [Ml  ]•      A  popular  name  for  short 

periods  of  mental  depression;  they  are  usually  a 
ciated  with  indigestion. 

Blumenbach,  Clivus  of.  See  Clivus.  B.,  Plane  of. 
See  Plane. 


HLL'NT-IKidK 


215 


BOND!  '     Ml'.DS 


Blunt-hook  (plunk? -hook) .  An  obstetric  instrument, 
used  mainly  in  embryotomy. 

Blunzen  (blunz' '-en)  [Ger.].  A  peculiar  Wurtemberg 
sausage,  made  by  filling  the  Stomachs  of  hogs  with 
meat,  and  cured  by  a  method  favoring  putrefaction. 
This  is  the  must  common  source  of  sausage-poisoning. 
See  Allantiasis  and  Botulismus. 

Blushing  (blush'-ing)  [ME.,  blushen,  to  glow].  I  he 
reddening  of  the  face  through  shame,  modesty,  or 
confusion.      See  Rubor. 

Boa  (bo'-ah)  [L].  An  ancient  name  applied  to  various 
eruptions  and  eruptive  diseases,  as  measles,  smallpox, 
bydroa,  syphilis.      B.  Vista  Fever.     See  Icier. 

Boas's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Boat-belly  (bot'-bel-e).     See  Scaphoid  Abdomen. 

Bobb's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Tabl 

Bochdalek's  Ganglion.  See  Ganglia,  Table  of.  B's 
Pseudo-ganglion.     Set-  Pseudo-ganglion. 

Bock,  Nerve  of.     See  Nerves,  Table  of . 

Bockhart's  Blood-serum  Mercury.  A  mercurial  used 
in  the  treatment  of  syphilis.  It  is  prepared  as  follows 
from  the  blood  of  sheep,  horses,  or  oxen  :  IOj4  drams 
of  blood-serum,  sterilized  after  Koch's  method,  are 
placed  in  a  graduated  glass,  and  then  mixed  with  a 
solution  of  45  grains  of  bichlorid  of  mercury  dis- 
solved in  one  ounce  of  boiling  distilled  water.  The 
precipitate  formed  is  redissolved  by  the  addition  of  105 
grains  of  chlorid  of  sodium,  dissolved  in  live  drams 
of  distilled  water.  This  compound  is  then  a  three  per 
cent,  solution  of  blood-serum  mercury.  By  adding 
enough  distilled  water  to  make  six  ounces  five  drams, 
we  have  the  solution  generally  used,  containing  one 
and  one-half  per  cent  of  the  mercurial  salt.  Injections 
of  15  minims  (containing  one-quarter  grain  of  subli- 
mate, combined  with  albumin)  are  made  daily. 

Bodo  {bo' -do)  [L.].  A  genus  of  flagellate  protozoans. 
B.  saltans  has  been  reported  as  living  in  great  num- 
bers in  unhealthy  ulcerations.  B.  urinarius  has 
been  found  in  the  urine  of  cholera-patients. 

Body  (bod'-e)  [AS.,  bodig"].  I.  The  animal  frame  with 
its  organs.  Also  a  cadaver  or  corpse.  2.  This  term 
is  applied  by  the  manufacturer  of  porcelain  teeth  to  the 
parts  composing  the  principal  portion  of  the  artificial 
organ.  3.  The  tube  of  a  microscope,  including  the 
draw-tube  ;  it  is  the  tube  receiving  the  ocular  at  one  end 
and  the  objective  at  the  other.  See  also  Corpus,  and 
Corpora.  B.  Cells.  See  Heredity.  B.  Louse.  See 
Pediculus.  B. -plasm.  See  Somatoplasm,  under  Here- 
dity.     B.,  Sub-thalamic.     See  Luys,  Body  of. 

Boeckel's  Operations.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Boerhaave,  Glands  of.     See  Gland. 

Bog  (bog)  [E.  dial.].    To  ease  the  body  by  stool. 

Bog  (bog)  \Ga.t\.,  bogan,  a  bog].  Ground  that  is  wet 
and  spongy.  B.-bean.  See  Buckbean.  B. -spavin. 
See  Spavin. 

Bogue's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Bohm's  Acid  Carmin.  See  Stains,  Table  of.  B.'s 
Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Bohmer's  Hematoxylin  Solution.  See  Stains, 
Table  of. 

Bohun  Upas  (bo/-hun-u/-pas).     See  Antiar  and  Upas. 

Boil  (boil)  [ME.,  boile\  A  furuncle  ;  a  localized  inflam- 
mation of  the  skin  and  subcutaneous  connective  tissue 
attended  by  the  formation  of  pus.  See  Furunculus. 
B.,  Aleppo  or  B.,  Delhi,  a  peculiar  ulcerative  affection 
endemic  in  India,  due  to  a  specific  and  pathogenic  mi- 
crobe. It  has  been  proposed  by  Ileydenreich  to  call 
this  Tropical  Boil.  Other  names  are  Penjdi  h  Boil  and 
Bouton  Biskra.      B. -plague.      Synonym  of  Anthrax. 

Boiled   Oil.      Linseed  oil  that    has  been  heated  to  a 
high    temperature    (1300    C.    and    upward),    while   a 
current  of  air  is  passed  through   or  over  the  oil,  and 


ilr  temperature  increased  until  the  oil  begins  to 
effervesce  from  evolution  of  products  of  decomposi- 
tion. B.-sago  Matter.  Vitreous-looking  bodies  fre- 
quently seen  in  the  stool s  of  dysentery.  They  are 
simply  granules  of  starch  ingested  as  food  and  remain- 
ing partially  or  wholly  undigested.  They  are  also 
called  Frog  f-spawn  matter. 

Boiler-makers'  Deafness.     See  Deafness. 

Boiling  (boil'-ing)  [ME.,  boilen,  to  stir].  The  vapori- 
zation of  a  liquid  when  it  gives  off  vapor  having  the 
~ame  tension  as  the  surrounding  air.  Most  tiss 
animal  and  vegetable,  are  softened  and  rendered  more 
or  less  soluble  by  boiling.  Albumin  and  most  albu- 
minoids, however,  are  rendered  insoluble.  The  tem- 
perature of  boiling  water  at  the  level  of  the  sea  is 
2120  F.  (loo°  C.)  ;  it  decreases  with  increasing  alti- 
tude.   B.  Test.     See  Tests,  'Table  of. 

Boissons  (bwak' '-song)  [/•>'•]•  Cheap  fermented  liquors 
made  from  raisins  or  other  dried  fruit-  to  which  sweet- 
ened water  is  added  and  fermentation  allowed. 

Bola  (bo'-lah).      See  Myrrh. 

Bolary  (bo/-lar-e)  \bolus,  clay].     Of  the  nature  of  bole. 

Bolax  (bo'-laks).  See  Balsam-bog.  B.  Gum.  See 
Balsam-bog. 

Bolbomelanoma  (bol-bo-mel-an-o'-mah)  [.W.'Wr,  a 
bulb;  fte/Avufia, blackness].  Melanotic  carcinoma  of 
the  eyeball. 

Boldin  (boV-din).     See  Boldus. 

Boldo  (bol'-do).  See  Boldus.  B.-glucine,  an  aro- 
matic glucosid  obtained  from  Peumus  boldo  and  other 
species.  It  is  a  hypnotic  in  doses  of  gr.  xx-^j. 
L  nof. 

Boldoa  (boV-do-ah)  [Chilian,  Bo!du~\.  A  genus  of 
monimiaceous  trees.  B.  fragrans,  the  tree  Peumus 
boldo.     See  Boldus. 

Boldus  (bol' -dus)  [I-.].  Boldo.  The  leaves  and 
stems  of  an  evergreen,  Peumus  boldo,  native  to  Chili 
and  vicinity,  sometimes  used  in  anemia  and  general 
debility  as  a  substitute  for  quinin.  It  contains  a 
bitter  alkaloid,  Boldin,  an  hypnotic  in  doses  of  gr.  iij. 
B.,  Ext.,  Fid.  Dose  mj-iv.  B.,  Tinct.,  contains 
20  per  cent,   of  the  drug.     Dose  tTLv-viij. 

Bole  (bol)  [  "'/'»;,  a  clod  of  earth].  I.  A  translucent, 
soft  variety  of  clay  formerly  much  used  in  medicine, 
internally  as  an  astringent,  externally  as  an  absorbent. 
Dose  gr.  v-x.  Several  varieties  are  used,  as  the 
Armenian  bole;  the  Lemnian,  and  the  trench  bole. 
2.    A  bolus.      See  Bolus. 

Boletus  (bo-le'-tuA  [  }>(.l/i-r,r,  a  kind  of  mushroom]. 
A  genus  of  fungi,  some  species  of  which  are  edible, 
while  others  are  highly  poisonous.      None  is  official. 

Bologna  (bo-Ion' -yah  \  [It  ].  A  city  of  northern  Italy. 
B.  Lime.  Same  as  Vienna  White.  B.  Phosphorus, 
a  sulphid  of  barium,  having  the  property  of  emitting 
a  pale,  feeble  light  in  the  dark. 

Bolus  (bo'-lus)  [L.  :  pi.,  Bolt;  Eng.  pi. ,  Boluses].  A 
mass  of  medicine  exhibited  in  the  form  of  a  large  pill. 

Bombardier  Beetle  (bom-bar-dir  be'-tl).  See  Brach- 
enin. 

Bombax  (  bom'-baks)    \bombyx,   cotton].      A  genus  of 
huge    tropical    malvaceous    trees    of    many 
Some  of   these  trees  afford  demulcent  diuretic  medi- 
cines.  Mocmain,  </.  v.,  is  a  product  of  B.  malabaricum. 

Bombus  (bom'-bus)  [  J6fi  toe,  a  humming  sound].  A 
ringing  or  buzzing  sound  in  the  ears  ;  tinnitus.  Also 
a  sonorous  movement  or  rumbling  flatus  of  the 
intestines :   borborygmus. 

Bona  Fever  (bo/-nahfe/-ver).     See  Fever. 

Bonbon (bon'-bon)  [Fr.].  A  confection.  B.,  Pectoral, 
a  meditated  antibechic  confection. 

Bond's  Operation.     See  Operations.   Table  of . 

Bonduc  Seeds  (bon'-duk  sedz).     See  Bonducella. 


B<  (NDUCELLA 


216 


Bl  »R<  >N 


Bonducella     [bon-du  [I ..].      Bonduc    Si 

l'h,.  .  .i  tropical   plum. 

It  is  .1  bitter  tonic  and  antiperiodic  in  intermittent 
fevers.  Dose  gr.  x-xv.b  B.,  Pulv.,  Comp.,  contains 
bonduc  and  black  pepper.      Dose  gr.  xv-xx. 

Bone  [AS  i  bone].      A  hard  tissue    that 

the  framework  <>r    skeleton  of   the   body. 
It  ;s  mainly    of  tri-calcium  phosphate  and 

usually  consists  of  a  compact  outer 
mass  ■!  with  i,  surrounding  a  reticu 

lated  inner  -tincture  that  encloses  a  central  cavity 
filled  with  marrow.  A  transverse  section  of  a  long 
bone  shows  bone-tissue  to  be  composed  of  a  number 
of  ircular  /one-,  each  having  a  central  tube, 

the  Ha  anal,  through  which  the  blood  circu- 

lates. Surrounding  the  Haversian  canal  are  con 
trically  arranged  belts  of  oblong  spaces  called  lacuna-, 
h  lacuna  is  the  nutlet  of  a  number  of  canaliculi, 
through  which  the  nutrition  i-  conveyed  to  all  parts 
of  the  bone.  A  table  of  bone-  i-  appended.  B.  Ash, 
the  calcic  phosphate  remaining  after  bones  have  been 
incinerated.  B.  Binder.  See  Osteocolla.  B. -black. 
ie  as  Animal  Black.  B. -brown.  See  Pigments, 
B.  Cartilage.  See  Ostein.  B.- 
conduction,  the  transmission  of  sound-waves  to  the 
auditory  nerve  by  means  of  sonorous  vibrations  com- 
municated to  the  bones  of  the  skull,  the  impression 
reaching  the  nerve  in  part  directly  and  in  part  by 
way  of  the  tympanic  structure.  The  tuning-fork  is 
the  instrument  most  commonly  used  as  a  test  of  bone- 
aduction.  Bone-eonduction  is  lost  or  diminished 
in  many  of  the  typical  labyrinthine  lesions, e. g. ,  in 
true  Meniere-  disease.  See  Air- conduction.  B. 
Earth.  See  Ossiterra.  B.,  Epipteric  [«rt,  upon; 
.  a  wing],  a  small  Wormian  bone  sometimes 
found  between  the  great  wing  of  the  sphenoid  and  the 
anterior  interior  angle  of  the  parietal.  B.-fat,  a 
whitish-yellow  fat  obtained  by  boiling  bones.  It  is 
used  in  soap  making.  B. -gelatin.  See  Gelatin.  B.- 
glue.  See  Glu  .  B.  incarial.  See  Incarial.  B.- 
nippers,  >urgical  cutting-forceps  for  use  on  bones. 
B.-oil,  a  foul-smelling  oil  obtained  in  the  dry  distilla- 
tion of  bone.  B. -setter,  a  specialist  at  setting  bones  ; 
usually  an  uneducated  empiric,  and  often  a  pretender 
to  hereditary  skill  in  the  business.  B. -spavin.  See 
Spavin.      B. -tumor.      Synonym  of  Actinomycosis. 

Bonelet  See  Ossicle. 

Bonellein  n   "  in  i  [  Bonellia,  a  genus  of  gephyrean 

worm-,   named   after   F.  A.  Bonelli,  an    Italian   natu 
ralist].       In    biology,    the  green   pigment  of    certain 
annelid-,  as  Bonellia  viridis. 

Boneset.     See  Eupatorium. 

Bonnafond's  Apparatus.  An  apparatus  for  generating 
vapors  and  injecting  them  into  the  middle  ear  through 
an  tube. 

Bonnet's  Capsule.     See  Ocular  Sheath.      B.  Opera- 
tions.    See  Operations,  Tabl 

Bontius,    Pills    of.      Purgative    pills    used    in   dropsy. 
•  ntain  gamboge,  Socotrin  aloes,  and  gum  am- 
aac. 

Bonwill's  Crown.     In  dentistry,  an  artificial  crown  of 
all  porcelaii  ngrafted  on  a  natural  root.       B's. 

Method,  i.    A   method  of  producing  anesthesia.      It 
is   done   by   rapid    breathing   of    the    ordinary   atmos 
pheric  air.     Th  ns  his  mouth  and  breathes 

[uickly,  and  deeply,  and  in   a  few  seconds  or 
minutes  partial  anesthesia  supervenes.      2.    A  method 
rticulating  teeth. 

Bonzel's  Operation.      See  Operations.   Table  of. 

Booboo 

Boohoo  i  [nativi  fii  ].      A  kind  of  gas- 

tritis  with  with  great  nostalgia 


depression  of  spirits.     It  attack-  strangers  in  some  of 
the  Pacific  Islands. 
Booker,     Bacillus    of.        See    Bacteria,    Synonymatic 

Boot,  Junod's.     See  Junod  ' s  />' 

Boracic  Acid  (bo-ras'-ik  as'-id).  See  ,  /,/,/,  />',  ric  ;  also 
/•'  Ton. 

Borage  |    [ME.,  borage].      The    plant    Borago 

officinalis,  a  demulcent,  mild   refrigerant  and  diapho 
retic.     Dose  of  fid.  ext.,   5  j.     I  not'. 

Boraginaceous  (bo-raj -in-a' -se-tts)  \Boraginacea' ,  a 
natural  order  of  plants].  Pertaining  to  the  Boragin- 
ace 

Borate  (bo'-rdt)  [Ar.,  bbraq,  borax].  Any  salt  of  bo- 
ric acid. 

Borax  (bo'-raks).     See  Boron.     B.  Bath.     See  Bath. 

Borborygmus  (bor-bor-ig* '-mus)  [(Jop/Sopvyudg,  a  rum- 
bling: pi.,  Borborygmi\.     A  rumbling  of  the  bowels. 

Bordeaux  Method.  A  form  of  cotton  antiseptic  dress- 
ing for  stumps. 

Borelli's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Boric  Acid  (bo'-rik  as'-id).     See  Boron. 

Born  (born)  [AS.,  boren,  to  bear,  bring  forth].  Brought 
into  the  world  by  the  process  of  parturition.  B. 
Alive.      See  Live  Birth. 

Borneo  Camphor  (bor1 '-ne-o-kam' '-for).     See  Borneol. 

Borneol  (bor'-ne-ol)  [Borneo],  C10H]8O.  Borneo 
Camphor;  a  substance  that  occurs  in  Dryobalanops 
camphora,  a  tree  growing  in  Borneo  and  Sumatra.  It 
is  artificially  prepared  by  acting  with  sodium  upon  the 
alcoholic  solution  of  common  camphor.  It  is  quite 
like  Japan  camphor,  and  has  a  peculiar  odor  resem- 
bling that  of  peppermint.  It  sublimes  in  six-sided 
leaflets,  melts  at  1980  and  boils  at  2120.  It  produces 
spasms  of  an  epileptiform  character. 

Bom's  Method.  A  method  of  reconstructing  objects 
from  microscopic  sections ;  by  means  of  a  camera, 
the  outlines  are  transferred  to  wax  plates,  which  are 
then  cut  out  so  as  to  correspond  to  the  sections. 

Boro-borax  (bo-ro-bo'-raks).  A  crystalline  combina- 
tion of  borax  and  boric  acid.  It  is  used  as  an  anti- 
septic. 

Borofuchsin.     See  Stains,  Conspectus  of. 

Boroglycerid  (bo-ro-glis' '-er-id).     See  Boroglycerin. 

Boroglycerin  (bo-ro-glis' -er-in)  [Ar.,  boraq,  borax  ; 
yfajnepSg,  sweet].  A  mixture  of  boric  acid,  62  parts, 
with  glycerin,  92  parts,  it  is  called  also  boroglycerid, 
and  glyceryl  borate.  It  is  a  solid  preparation,  soluble 
in  water.  It  is  used  as  a  local  application  in  eye  and 
skin  affections.  It  is  an  active  antiseptic  in  a  solution 
of  I  to  40.      L'nof. 

Boron  [bo'-ron)  [Ar. ,  boraq,  borax].  B -—  II  ;  quanti- 
valence  in,  v.  The  base  of  boric  acid  and  of  the 
mineral  borax.  Boracic,  or,  more  properly,  Boric 
Acid,  ELBOg,  a  crystalline  substance,  found  native 
in  the  volcanic  lagoons  of  Tuscany.  It  occurs  in 
while,  transparent  crystals,  soluble  in  water  and 
alcohol  ;  ii  is  an  active  antiseptic,  and  is  much  used  in 
parasitic  diseases  of  the  skin.  Dose  gr.  v-xx.  Un- 
fit. Acidi  Borici  \  I'.-  P.  I,  contains  hard  paraffin  2, 
soft  paraffin  4,  boric  acid  1.  It  is  used  as  an  antiseptic 
and  in  dermatology.  Borax,  Na,b.,<  >7,loH,0, sodium 
biborate.  occur-  in  lacustrine  deposits  a-  white,  trans- 
parent oluble  in  water,  all  ohol  and  glycerin. 
It  i-  used  a-  an  antiseptic  wash  for  ul<  ers  and  indoli  nl 
lesions  and  i-  valuable  also  a-  an  emmenagogue,  and 
in  leucorrhea.  Dose  gr.  v  xl.  All  unof.  Clycerinum 
Borach  |  B.  I'.  |,  contains  borax,  glycerin  and  distilled 
water;  it  is  used  as  a  local  application.  Mel  Boracis 
I'..  I'. ).  borax  honey,  contain-  borax,  clarified  honey 
and  glycerin  (about  1  in  7)  ;  it  is  used  as  a  local 
applii  ation. 


BONES 


217 


Bl  »NES 


TABLE   OF   BONES. 


Name. 

Principal  Features. 

Articulations  and  Variety. 

Muscular  and  Ligamentous 

A  1   1  ,\<   11. ML  NTS. 

Astragalus. 

Irregularly  cubical ;  forms  the  key- 
stone >>l  arch  "1  foot  ;  head,  neck . 
six  articular  surfaces. 

Tibia,    )      .      , 
Fibula,  )g^eb"»us. 

Os  calcis,  >. ,,.      ,, 
Scaphoid!  l^lhrodta. 

i  >   i  ipital  bone — double  arthrodia. 
Axis,    four    joints — diarlhrodia    rota- 
toria and  double  arthrodia. 

Internal  and  external  lateral  ligaments. 

Atlas. 

First  cervical  vertebra  ;  ring-like  ; 
anterior  and  posterior  arches  and 
tubercles;  articular  surfaces. 

LongUS  colli  (lub/'i  cle),  rectus  capitis 
posticus  minoi  |  ■./■  •                ess). 

Axis. 

Second   cervical  vertebra;    body, 
odontoid  process,  pedicles,  lam- 
inae, spinous  process,  transverse 
processes,  articular  surfaces. 

First  cervical   vertebra  —  diarlhrodia 
rotatoria  and  double  arthrodia 

Third    cervical    vertebra — double  ar- 
throdia. 

Longus  colli,  check  ligaments. 

Calcaneum. 

The    heel   bone ;    irregularly   cu- 
boidal  ;  lesser  process  [sustenta- 
culum tali], greater  process,  pero- 
neal   ridge    or    spine,    superior 
groove,  articular  surfaces. 

Astragalus,] 

Cuboid,         >  arthrodia. 

Scaphoid,    J 

Tibialis  posticus,  tendo  Achillis,  plant- 
aris,  abductor  pollicis,  abductor  mini- 
mi digiti,  flexor  brevis  digilorum, 
flexor  accessorius,  extensor  brevis 
digitorum. 

Carpal. 

Consists  of  scaphoid,  semilunar, 
cuneiform,    pisiform,  trapezium, 
trapezoid,  os  magnum,  unciform. 
See  Indiviaual  Bones. 

Clavicle. 

Collar  bone,  resembles   the  italic 
"/";    conoid   tubercle,   deltoid 
tubercle,  oblique  line. 

Sternum,                       ~\ 

Scapula,                         >  arthrodia 

Cartilage  of  first  rib,) 

Sterno-cleido-mastoid,  trapezius,  pec- 
toralis  major,  deltoid,  subclavius, 
sterno-hyoid,  platysma. 

Coccyx. 

The  last  bone  of  the  vertebral  col- 
umn ;  resembles  a  cuckoo's  beak; 
usually  composed  of  four  small 
segments;  base,  apex,  cornua. 

Sa.crum~amJ>hia>throdia. 

Coccygeus,  gluteus  maximus,  extensor 
coccygis,  sphincter  ani,  levator  ani. 

Cranial. 

Occipital,  parietal   (two),  frontal, 
temporal    (two),   sphenoid,   eth- 
moid.    See  Individual  Bones. 

Cuboid. 

Somewhat  pyramidal ;  tuberosity. 

Os  calcis,                            "I 
External  cuneiform,         !    „wz,*-„,7,„ 
4th  and  5th  metatarsal       arthrodia. 
bones.                                J 

Flexor  brevis  pollicis. 

Cuneiform 
(of  carpus). 

Pyramidal. 

Semilunar,                          ") 
Pisiform, 

Unciform,                               \  arthrodia 
Interarticular  fibro-car- 
tilage.                                J 

Cuneiform 
(of  tarsus). 
Internal. 

Middle. 
External. 

Irregularly    wedge-shaped;     the 
largest  of  the  three. 

Wedge-shaped ;    smallest   of   the 
three. 

Wedge-shaped. 

Scaphoid, 

Middle  cuneiform, 

First  and  second  meta-   | 

tarsal  bones. 
Scaphoid, 

Internal  cuneiform,     1 
External  cuneiform,    [ 
Second  metatarsal.     J 
Scaphoid, 
Middle  cuneiform, 
Cuboid, 
Second, third,  and  fourth 

metatarsal  bones. 

arthrodia. 
throdia. 

■  arthrodia. 

Tibialis  anticus  and  posticus. 

Tibialis  posticus. 

Tibialis  posticus,  flexor  brevis  pollicis. 

Ethmoid. 

Irregularly  cubical ;  situated  at  an- 
terior part  of  base  of  skull ;  hori- 
zontal  or  cribriform  plate,  per- 
pendicular  plate,  two   lateral 
masses,  crista  galli. 

Sphenoid, 

Two     sphenoidal — 
turbinated, 

Frontal, 

Two  nasal, 

Two  superior  max- 
illary, 

Two  lachrymal, 

Two  palate, 

Two    inferior   turb- 
inated, 

Vomer. 

■  synarthrodia. 

None. 

Femur. 

Cylindrical ;  longest,  largest,  and 
strongest  hone  in  the  body  ;  shaft 
and  two  extremities,  head,  neck, 
greater   and  lesser  trochanters, 
linea  aspera,  condyles;   a  long 
bone. 

Os  innominatum — enarthrodia. 
Tibia — g  ing  lymus. 
Patella — arthrodia. 

Gluteus  medius,  gluteus  minimus, pyri- 
formis,  obturator  internus,  obturator 
externus,  gemellus  superior,  gemel- 
lus inferior,  quadratus  femoris,  psoas 
magnus,  iliacus,  vastus  externus, 
gluteus  maximus,  short  head  of  the 
biceps,  vastus  internus,  adductor 
masjnus,  pectineus,  adductor  brevis, 
adductor  longus,  crureus,  subcrureus, 
gastrocnemius,  plantaris,  popliteus. 

B(  »NE£ 


218 


BONES 


BONES   OF  THE    HUMAN   SKELETON. 


Atlas,  Superior  Surface 


Superior  articular  pro 
trans\  erse  ligament. 


i.  Tuber  le  of  an- 
terior arch.  2 
Articular  facet  for 
odontoid  proi  ess 
ol  axis.  3.  Poste- 
rior an  h  an.!  | 
tei  101  tubercle.  4. 
Groove  foi  \  erte- 
bral  artery  and 
first  cervical 
mi ve.  5.  Trans- 
verse process.  6. 
Foramen  for  ver- 
tebral artery.  7. 
S.  Tubercle  for  attachment  ol 


Axis,  Lateral  Aspect. 
.  Body.  2.  Odontoid  pro- 
cess. 3.  Facet  for  articu- 
lating with  anterior  arch 
of  atlas.  4.  Lamina.  5. 
Spinous  process.  6.  Trans- 
verse process.  7.  Superior 
articular  process.  S.  Infe- 
rior articular  process. 


Axis,  Postero-Superior 
View. 

.  Posterior  surface  of  body.  2. 
Odontoid  process.  3,3.  Supe- 
rior articular  processes  4,  4. 
Inferior  articular  processes. 
5,  5.  Transverse  processes.  6. 
Spinous  process. 


1,1.  Lateral  mass- 
es of  atlas.  2,  2. 
Anterior  arch  of 
atlas,  including 
odontoid  pro- 
cess of  axis.  3. 
Tubercle  of  an- 
terior arch  4,4. 
Transverse  pro- 
cesses of  atlas. 

5.  5  Inferior  ar- 
ticular  pro- 
cesses of  atlas. 

6,  6.  Superior 
articular  pro- 
cesses   of   axis. 

7.  Inferior  articular  processes.    8,8.  Transverse  processes. 
Anterior  surface  of  body  of  axis.     10.  Apex  of  odontoid 


Atlas  and  Axis,  Anterior  Surface. 


9 
process 


Seventh  Cervical  Vertebra,  Postero-Superior  View. 

>.  2.  Transverse  processes.     3,  3.  Anterior  or  costal 

transverse  processes.     4,  4.  Foramina  for  vertebral 

s,  5.  Superior,  articular  processes.     6,  6.  Inferior 

articular  processes.     7, 7.  Laminae.     8.  Spinous  process.    9. 

na!  forami 


Dorsal  Vertebra,  Antero-Superior  View. 

1.  Anterior  surface.  2.  Vertebral  foramen.  3.  Spinous  pro- 
cess. 4,  4.  Transverse  processes.  5,  5.  Articular  surfaces  for 
tubercles  of  ribs.  6,  6.  Superior  articular  processes.  7,  7. 
Pedicles. 


First  Dorsal  Vertebra,  Lateral  View. 

.  Superior  surface  of  body.  2,  2.  Semi-lunar  processes.  3. 
Articular  facet  for  head  of  first  rib.  4.  Demi-facet  for  head 
of  second  rib.  5.  Superior  articular  process.  6,  6.  Inferior 
articular  processes.  7.  Transverse  process.  8.  Articular  facet 
for  tubercle  of  first  rib.    9.  Spinous  process. 


Eleventh  Dorsal  Vertebra,  Lateral  View. 

1.  Articular  facet  for  head  of  eleventh  rib.  2.  Transverse 
process.  3.  Superiortubercleoftransver.se  process.  4.  In- 
ferior and  anterior  tubercle.  5.  Inferior  and  posterior  tuber- 
cle. 6.  Superior  articular  process.  7.  Inferior  articular  pro- 
cess.   8.  Spinous  process. 


i 

L 


.1        -J"HL«.»». 


Twelfth  Dorsal  Vertebra,  Lateral  View. 

1.  Articular  facet  for  head  of  twelfth  rib.  2.  Transverse  pro- 
cess. 3.  Superior  and  posterior  tubercle  ol  transverse  pro- 
cess. 4.  Inferior  and  posterior  tubercle,  s.  Inferior  and 
anterior  tubercle.  6.  Superioi  articulai  |.i.m<-ss.  7.7-  infe- 
rior articular  processes.    8.  Spinous  process. 


BONES 


219 


Bl  IN]  - 


1  AIM  i:  I  >F    B<  INES.— Continued. 


Name. 

Principal  Features. 

Artk^ations  and  Variety.               MUSCUL^AacSm^tsMENT°US 

Fibula. 

Lone  bone  :  shaft,  upper  extremity 

or  head,  lower  extremity  or  ex- 
ternal malleolus. 

Tibia — arthrodia. 

Astragalus,  with  the  tibia  and  fibula 
— ginglymus. 

Biceps,  soleus,  peroneus  longus,  ex- 
tensor longus  digitorum,  peroneus 
tertius,    ext(  nsor    proprius    pollicis, 

tibialis  posticus,  flexor  longus  pollicis, 
peroneus  brevis. 

Foot. 

Composed   of  tarsus,   metatarsus 
and  phalanges,  q.  v. 

Froctal. 

The  forehead  bone  ;  a  flat  hone  ;  a     Two  parietal, 
frontal    portion  and   an  orbito-    Sphenoid, 
nasal  portion  ;  frontal  eminences,     Ethmoid, 
superciliary  ridges,  supraorbital     Two  nasal, 
arches,  supraorbital   notches  or    Two  superior  max- 
foramina,   internal  and  external        illurv, 
angular    processes,   temporal     Two  lachrymal, 
ridges,  nasal  notch,  nasal  spine,     Two  malar, 
nasal  eminence  or  glabella. 

■  synarthrodia. 

Corrugator  supercilii,  orbicularis  pal- 
pebrarum, and  temporal  on  each  side. 

Hand. 

Composed  of  carpus,  metacarpus 
and  phalanges,  q.  v. 

Humerus. 

Largest  bone  of  upper  extremity  : 
long  bone ;  a  shaft  and  two  ex- 
tremities.   Upper  extremity  pre- 
sents a  head,  neck  and  greater 
and  lesser  tuberosities.     Lower 
extremity,    trochlea,    olecranon 
fossa,   coronoid    fossa,   external 
and    internal    condyles,     supra- 
trochlear  foramen,  supracondy- 
loid  ridges. 

Scapula  (glenoid  cavity) — enarthrodia. 
RadTus,}^"^'"""- 

Supraspinatus,    infraspinatus,    teres 
minor,  subscapularis,   pect  oralis 
major,   latissimus  dorsi,    deltoid, 
coraco-brachialis,  brachialis  anticus, 
triceps,  sub-anconeus,  pronator  radii 
teres,  flexor  carpi  radialis,  palmaris 
longus,    flexor    digitorum    sublimis, 
flexor  carpi  ulnaris,  supinator  loi 
extensor  carpi  radialis  longior,  exten- 
sor carpi   radialis  brevior,  exti 
communis  digitorum,  extensor  mini- 
mi digiti,  extensor  carpi  ulnaris,  sup- 
inator brevis  and  anconeus. 

Hyoid. 

A   bony  arch  ;    irregular  bone ;   a 
body,  two  greater  and  two  lesser 
cornua. 

None. 

Sterno-hyoid,  thyro-hyo'd,  omo-hyoid, 
digastricus,  stylo-hyoid,  mylo-hyoid, 
genio-hyoid,  genio-hyo-glossus,  hyo- 

glossus,  middle  constrictor  of  the 
pharynx. 

Ilium. 

See  Innominate. 

Incus. 

Resembles  a  bicuspid  tooth  with 
two  roots,  body,  and   two   pro- 
cesses. 

Malleus — arthrodia  {trigger-joint).          None. 
Stapes—  arthrodia. 

I  n  feri  or 
maxillary. 

Body  and  two  rami ;  contains  the 
teeth  of  the  lower  jaw;  symphy- 
sis, mental  process,  mental  fora- 
men,   coronoid    and    condyloid 
process,    head,     neck,    sigmoid 
notch  ;  irregular  bone. 

The    two    temporal    bones— bilateral 
condyloid— diarthrodia. 

Levator  menti,  depressor  labii  infe- 
rioris,  depressor  anguli  oris,  platysma 
myoides,  buccinator,  masseter,  orbi- 
cularis oris,  genio-hyo-glossus,  genio- 
hyoideus,  mylo-hyoideus,  digastric, 
superior  constrictor,  temporal,  in- 
ternal pterygoid,  external  pterygoid. 

Inferior    tur- 
binated. 


Innominate. 


Situated  on  the  outer  wall  of  the 
nasal  fossa  ;  irregular  bone. 


Ethmoid, 

Superior  maxillary, 
Lachrvmal, 
Palate, 


None. 


\  synarthrodia. 


Large,  3  parts  ;  flat  bone  ;  with  its 
fellow  and  sacrum  and  coccyx 
forms  pelvis. 

Ilium — superior  broad  expanded 
portion,  crest,  superior,  middle 
and  inferior  curved  lines,  ilio- 
pectineal  line,  venter,  auricular 
surface,  anterior  and  posterior, 
superior  and  inferior  spinous 
processes,  g  (about)  of  acetabu- 
lum. 

Ischium — lower  and  back  portion, 
body,  tuberosity  and  ramus, 
spine,  greater  and  lesser  sacro- 
sciatic  notches,  external  and  in- 
ternal lips  of  tuberosity,  lower 
boundary  of  obturator  foramen, 
§  (about)  of  acetabulum. 

Pubis — body,  horizontal  ramus, 
descending  ramus,  spine,  ilio- 
pectineal  line,  angle,  symphysis, 
obturator  foramen  (upper  bound- 
ary), 5  of  acetabulum. 


f  With  its  fellow  of 
J      opposite  side, 
*j  Sacrum, 
[  Femur — enarthrodia. 


I 


synarthrodia. 


Ilium — tensor  vaginae  femoris,  external 
oblique,  latissimus  dorsi,  iliacus, 
transversalis,  quadratus  lumborum, 
erector  spina?,  internal  oblique,  glu- 
teus maximus,  medium  and  mini- 
mus, rectus,  pvriformis,  multifidus 
spina?,  sartorius. 

Ischium— obturator  externus  and  in- 
ternus,  gracilis,  levator  ani,  gemelli 
superior  and  inferior,  coccygeus,  bi- 
ceps, semi-tendinosus,  semi-mem- 
branous, quadratus  femoris,  adductor 
magnus,  transversus  perinei,  erector 
penis. 

Pubis — internal  and  external  oblique, 
transversalis,  rectus,  pyramidalis, 
psoas  parvus,  pectineus,  adductor 
magnus.  longus  and  brevis,  gracilis, 
external  and  internal  obturator,  leva- 
tor ani,  compressor  urethras,  accele- 
rator urinse. 


r.<  iNES 


23  i 


B(  »NES 


I 


Lumbar  Vertebra,  Postero-Superior  View. 
i,  i.  Anterior  surface  of  body.    2,  2    Trans- 
fers* .;.  Spinous  process.      4, 
4.  Si;                rticular  processes.     5,5.  In- 
terior articular  processes.  "d* 


r..„ 


Sacrim,  Anterior  Aspect. 
,  1,  1, 1.  Bodies  of  sacral  vertebrae, 
with  transverse  lines  of  union.  2,2, 
2,  2.  Anterior  sacral  foramina.  3. 
Base.  4.  Auricular  surface  of  lat- 
eral aspect.  5.  Its  inferior  portion. 
6.  Articular  surface  of  base.  7. 
Notch  for  formation  of  last  lumbar 
intervertebral  foramen.  S  Superiol 
articular  process  of  first  sacral  ver- 
tebra. 9.  Apex  of  sacrum.  10. 
Cornu.  11.  Notch  for  transmission 
of  fifth  sacral  nerve.     . 


Coccyx,  Ante- 
rior Aspect. 

1.  Base.  2,2.  Cor- 
nua.  3.  Sec- 
ond coccygeal 
vertebra.  4. 
Third  coccy- 
geal vertebra. 
5.  Fourth  coc- 
cygeal verte- 
bra. 6.  Fifth 
coccygeal  ver- 
tebra. 


Occipital  Bone,  Postero-Inferior 
View 
1.  Basilar  process.  2.  Foramen  magnum. 
3,  3.  Posterior  condyloid  foramina.  4. 
Crest.  5.  External  occipital  protuber- 
ance. 6,6.  Condyles.  7,  7.  Jugular  pi.. - 
cesses.    8,  8.  Jugular  fossae. 


Parietal,  Temporal,  and  Srm  mhi.   Bonis;    Posterior 

Aspec 1 . 
.  Body  of  sphenoid  bone.    2,  2.  Sphenoid  and  temporal  bones. 
3.  ;,.   Parietal    bones.     4,  4.  Mastoid  processes.     5,  5.  Jugular 
fossae.    6,  6.  Notches  entering  into  formation  of  sphenoi 
fissures.     7,  7.   Spheno-parietal  sutures.    8,  8.   Spheno-tem- 
poral  sutures.    9,  9.  Temporo-parietal  sutures. 


Sack  1  \i    1'ostfrior  Aspect. 
1,  1,  1,  1.  Spinous ;  •  ,,1  sacral 

vert,  bra  \    Sacral  grooi 

3.  3.  3-    I  sacral  foramina. 

4,4.4.4-  Artie  ular  processes,  united. 
.  5.  Transverse  pr< 

7.  7   Auricular 

surfe  Superior   articular 

<>(  first  sacral  vertebra.  9. 

riororifici  ,1.    ro 

euting    ii 

11,  11.  Cornua.    12.  Apex. 


Vi  rtebral  Column, 

I. A  I  KRAI.    ASP! 

1-7.  Cervical    vertebrae. 
8-19.  Dorsal  vei  i. 
20-24.    Lumbar  verte- 
brae.     A,  A.   Spinous 

processes.  B,  B.  Artic- 
ular facets  of  trans- 
verse processes  of  first 
ten  dorsal  vertebrae. 
C.  Auricular  sin  1.. 
sacrum.  1 1.  1  oramina 
in  transverse  pro.  esses 
of  cervical  vertebl 


sj  '  i 

> 

Nasal  Bonks,  External  Aspect. 
,  1.  The  two  nasal  bones.    2,2.  Superior  extremity.    3,3.  In- 
ior  border.     4,  4.    Internal    border,      s;,  5,5,  5.    External 
border. 


BONES 


221 


BONES 


I    U'.I.K   CI'"    IKINKS.- Continued. 


Name. 

Principal  Features. 

Articulations  and  Variety. 

Muscular  and  Ligament 
Attachments 

Ischium. 

See  Innominate. 

Lachrymal. 

Small ;   situated   at   front   part  of 
inner   wall   of   orbit;    resembles 
finger-nail;   crest,  lachrymal 
groove ;  flat  bone. 

Frontal, 

Submaxillary.      ^arthrodia. 

Inferior  turbinated,  J 

Tensor  tarsi. 

Lingual. 

See  Hyoid. 

Magnum 

(OS). 

Largest  bone  of  carpus  ;  occupies 
center  of  wrist;  head,  neck,  body  ; 
short  bone. 

Scaphoid,    \enartArodia. 
Semilunar,  j     "•»•»' ««*•«•■ 

Second   1 

Third      V  Metacarpal — arthrodia. 

Fourth  j 

Trapezoid,  |       ,,        ,  • 

Unciform, ')  arthrodia. 

Flexor  brevis  pollicis  (part). 

Malar. 

Small;    quadrangular;    at    upper 
and   outer   part   of   face;    forms 
prominence    of  cheek,    part    of 
outer  wall  and  floor  of  orbit,  part 
of  temporal  and  zygomatic  fossae; 
frontal,    orbital,    maxillary    and 
zygomatic      processes,     malar 
foramen,  four  borders  ;  irregular 
bone. 

Frontal, 

Sphenoid,                                      .,       .. 

Temporal,                    [  synarthrodia. 

Superior  maxillary,  J 

Levator    labii      superioris    proprius, 

zygomaticus  major  and  minor,  mas- 
seter,  temporal. 

Malleus. 

Resembles  a  hammer :  head,  neck, 
handle  or  manubrium,  processus 
gracilis,  processus  brevis;  irreg- 
ular. 

Incus — arthrodia  (trigger-joint). 

Tensor  tympani. 

Maxillary, 
in  ferior. 

Maxillary, 
superior. 

See  Inferior  maxillary. 
See  Superior  maxillary. 

Metacarpal. 

Five  in  number;  shaft,  base,  and 
head  ;  long  bones. 

Second  row  of  carpus — arthrodia. 
Phalanges — condyloid. 

To    the    thumb— flexor    and   extensor 
ossis  metacarpi    pollicis,  first  dorsal 
interosseous. 

Second  metacarpal  bone — flexor  carpi 
radialis,  extensor  carpi  radialis  Ion 
gior,  first  and  second  dorsal  interosse- 
ous, first  palmar  interosseous,  flexor 
brevis  pollicis  i  frequently). 

Third  metacarpal— extensor  carpi  ra- 
dialis brevior,  flexor  brevis  pollicis, 
adductor  pollicis,  second    and   third 
dorsal  interosseous. 

Fourth    metacarpal — third  and  fourth 
dorsal    and    second    palmar   interos- 
seous. 

Fifth  metacarpal — extensor  carpi    ul- 
naris,    flexor    carpi     ulnaris,    flexor 
ossis  metacarpi  minimi  digi'i,  fourth 
dorsal,   and    third     palmar    interos< 
seous. 

Metatarsal. 

Five  in  number  ,  shaft,  base,  and 
head  ;  long  bones. 

Tarsus— art  lirodia 
Phalanges — condyloid. 

First— tibialis  anticus  (part),  peroneus 
longus,  first  dorsal  interosseous. 

Second — adductor    pollicis.    first    and 
second   dorsal   interosseous,   tibialis 
posticus  ipart) 

Third—  adductor  pollicis,  second  and 
third  dorsal,  and  first  plantar  inter- 
osseous, tibialis  posticus  (part). 

Fourth— adductor  pollicis,  third    and 
fourth  dorsal  and  second    plantar  in- 
terosseous, tibialis  posticus  (part'. 

Fifth—  peroneus  brevis,  peroneus  ter- 
tius,    flexor     brevis     minimi     digiti, 
transversus  pedis,  fourth  dorsal,  and 
third  plantar  interosseous. 

Nasal. 

Oblong  ;  forms  with  its  fellow  the 
bridge  of  the  nose:  nasal   fora- 
men, spine,  crest  ;  flat  bone. 

Frontal. 

S°opposite),        [  synarthrodia. 
Superior  maxillary,    1 

B<  >N1  - 


.>.>.) 


BONES 


OL> 


.  Anterior  aspect  of 
pyramidal    pi 

Incisive    or    m\rti- 
form  •  Infra- 

orbital foramen.    4 
Summit  of  p> ramid- 
al  proi ess,  01  malar 
process.  5.  Posterioi 

I  ol  pyramidal 
I 
bordei  hi  pj  ramidal 

ss.   ~.  Pi  st 
border,  01  maxillary 
tuberosity     B   Nasal 
process.  9.  Posterior 
border,  grooved  for 


V  bordei .  groo>  ed  tor 

Hk  lachrynuil  duct.     10. 

<yyJ  Anterioi  nasal  spine. 

\%\  11.  1 11  fra-orbi  1  a  1 

II  groove,    i-'.  Summit 

-**  ol  nasal  |«ioceSS.    13. 


Superior 


Maxillary   1 

nai.  Aspect. 


EXTER 


nasal  process, 
fossae. 


16.    Notch   for 


process.  13. 
Posterioi  and  supe- 
rior angle.  14.  Su- 
perior  border.  15. 
Anterior  border  of 
anterior    opening   of   nasal 


Lachrymal  Bone, 
External  Aspect. 


.  1.  Vertical  crest,  dividing  external  sur- 
face into  two  parts.  2.  Spine,  in  wbi<  h 
crest  terminates,  3-  Sulcus  contribut- 
ing to  formation  of  lachrymal  canal.  4. 
Continuation  of  preceding,  contributing 
to  formation  of  nasal  canal.  5.  Posterior 
division  of  external  surface,  contribut- 
ing to  formation  of  orbit.  6,  6.  Anterior 
border.  7,  7.  Posterior  border.  8.  Su- 
perior extremity.  9  Portion  of  inferior 
border  that  articulates  with  lachrymal 
ss  of  inferior  turbinated  bone.  10. 
Portion  that  articulates  with  orbital  plate 
of  superior  maxillary  bone. 


Malar  Bone,  External  Aspect. 
1.  Orifice  for  malar  nerve.  2,  2.  Superior  or  orbital  border. 
3,  3.  Inferior  or  zygomatic  border.  4,  4.  Posterior  or  tem- 
poral border.  5,  5.  Anterior  or  maxillary  border.  6.  Supe- 
rior angle.  7.  Inferior  angle.  8.  Anterior  angle.  9.  Posterior 
angl 


1.    External  surface   of  orbital 
-  ss.     2.  Superior   or    or- 
bital surfai  e.     3.   Anterior  or 
maxillary  surface.    4.  Noti  h 
forming     greater     part     ol 
no-palatine  foramen.    5 
Sphenoidal    process.     6. 
ntering  into  foi  ma- 
tion      of     posterior     palatine 

canal     7.  Sjurface  that  enters 
into  the  formation  of  ba 
maxillary  sinus.     8.   External 
surface  ol  pterygoid  pi 

to  rei  eive  posterior 
border  of  interna]  plate  of 
pti  rj  goid  process. 


Inferior   Turbinated   Bone,   Internal 
or  Com  ix  Aspect. 


cess.    5.  Ethmoidal  process 

that   articulates   with    palate   bone 

S.  Posterior  extremity 


1.1.  Anteroposteri- 
or ridge,  dividing 
the  mui  nai  sin  - 
face  into  two  al- 
most equal  pai  ts, 
2,  2.  Inlet ioi  bor- 
dei .  3,  3.  Anter- 
ior portion  of 
superior    border, 

ai  lii  ulating    \\  itli 

nasal  process  oi 
superior  maxil- 
lary bone.  4. 
Lachrymal  pro- 
6.  Portion  of  superior  bordei 
7    Anterior  extremity. 


Inferior 


11.  Condyle, 
dental  canal. 
a.  Incisors. 


1.  Body  of  bone 
and  external 
oblique  line.  2. 
Ramus.  3.  Sj  HI- 
plivsis.  4.  In- 
cisive fossa.  5. 
Mental  fora- 
men. 6.  De- 
pression in  in- 
ferior bolder 
for  attachment 
of  digastric 
muscle.  7  . 
Depression  for 
passage  of 
facial      artery. 

8.  Angle  of  jaw. 

9.  Postel  Ll  II  I  \- 
tremily  ol  in- 
ternal oblique 
line.  it..  Cor- 
onoid    process. 

12.  Sigmoid    notch.      13.  Origin    of    inferior 
14.  Mylo-hyoid  groove.     15.  Alveolar  border. 
b.  Bicuspids',     c.  Canines,    m.  Molars. 


Maxillary    Bone, 
Aspect. 


External 


Palate  Bonk.  External 
Asi'i 


Lateral  Aspect  of  Skii  i  .. 

.  Frontal  bone.  2.  Parietal  bone.  3.  Occipital  bone.  4.  Tem- 
poral bone.  5.  Greatei  wing  of  sphenoid  bone.  6.  I.ainb- 
doid  suture.  7.  Occipitoparietal  suture.  8.  Squamo-parietal 
suture  9.  Masto-parietal  suture,  to.  Spheno-parietal  su- 
ture. 11.  Spheno-temporal  suture.  12.  Spheno-frontal  suture. 
13,13.  Temporal  ridge.  14.  Main  bone.  15.  Fronto-malar 
suture.  16.  Malo-temporal  suture.  17  Malo-maxillary  su- 
ture. 18.  Superior  maxillary  bone.  19  Infraorbital  foramen. 
20.  Nasal  1. one.  21,  Naso-maxillary  suture.  22.  Naso-froi 
suture.  2;.  Lachrymal  groove,  at  the  bottom  oi  which  may 
.Mil.  suture  between  the  lachrymal  and  the  superior 
maxillar)  bones.  24.  Nasal  eminence.  25.  [nferioi  maxil- 
larj    bom      26.  Mental   foramen     27.  Air,  owei   jaw. 

28.  Coronoid   pro,  ess.     29    Condyle.      ■     Neck  of  condyle. 
31.  External  auditors  1  ,    .'  Styloid  process.    33.  Mas- 

toid process.    34.  Masto-occipital  sutu 


!:<  INKS 


•j-j:: 


Bl  >NES 


TABLE  l  >I    Bl  INES.— Continued. 


N  \MK. 

Principal  Features 

Articulations  and  Variety. 

cular  and  ligament' 
Attachments. 

Occipital. 

Back  part  and  base  of  cranium;     Parietal  (two),       | 
trapezoid   in  shape;   outei    and     Temporal  (two),  > synarthrodia. 
inner  tallies;  external  protuber-    Sphenoid,             ) 
ance,    external    occipital     crest,     Atlas — double  arthrodia. 
superior    and     interior    curved 
lines,    foramen     magnum,    con- 
dyles, jugular  process,   anterior 
and  posterior  condyloid  forami- 
na, basilar    process,  pharyngeal 
spine,   i  fossae  on  internal  sur- 
face, internal  occipital  protuber- 
ance and  crest,  grooves  for  the 
cerebral  sinuses,  torcular  Hero- 
phili,  jugular  foramen ;  flat  bone. 

Twelve  pairs— occipito-frontalis,    tra- 
pezius,   sterno-cleido-mastoid,    corn- 
plexus,    biventer    cervicis,   splenius 
capitis,     superior      oblique,      rectus 
capitis    postii  us,   major  and   minor, 
rectus  lateralis,  rectus  capitis  anticus, 
major  and  minor,  superior  constrictor 
of  the  pharynx. 

Palate. 

Back  part  of  nasal  fossa  ;  helps  to 
form  floor  and  outer  wall  of  nose, 
the  roof  of  mouth   and   floor  of 
orbit,  also  spheno-tnaxillary  and 
pterygoid  fossa?  and  the  spheno- 
maxillary fissure;    L-shaped ; 
inferior  or  horizontal  plate,  su- 
perior or  vertical  plate,  posterior 
palatine    canal,   posterior    nasal 
spine,  inferior  and  superior  tur- 
binated   crests,    maxillary    pro- 
cess,  pterygoid   process,   acces- 
sory descending  palatine  canals, 
orbital  process,  sphenoidal  pro- 
cess, spheno-palatine  foramen. 

Sphenoid, 
Ethmoid, 

Superior  maxillary, 
Inferior  turbinated, 
Vomer, 
Opposite  palate, 

'  synarthrodia. 

Tensor  palati,  azygos  uvulae,  internal 
and  external  pterygoid,  superior  con- 
strictor of  pharynx. 

Parietal. 

Form   sides    and   roof  of   skull ; 
irregular,  quadrilateral;  two  sur 
faces,  four  borders,  four  angles, 
parietal    eminence,   temporal 
ridge,  parietal  foramen,  furrows 
for  cerebral  sinuses,  depressions 
for     Pacchionian     bodies;     flat 
bone. 

Opposite  parietal, 

Occipital, 

Frontal, 

Temporal, 

Sphenoid, 

•  synarthrodia. 

Temporal. 

Patella. 

Flat;   triangular;   sesamoid;    an- 
terior part   of   knee-joint ;    two 
surfaces,    three    borders,   apex ; 
flat  bone. 

Condyles  of  femur— partly  arthrodial. 

Rectus,  crureus,  vastus  intern  us,  vas- 
tus externus. 

Pelvic. 

Composed   of   two   ossa   innomi- 
nata,  sacrum  and  coccyx,  q.  v. 

Phalanges  of 
foot. 

Two  of  great  toe,  three  of  each  of 
the  others ;    shaft,  base,   head ; 
long  bones. 

First  row  with  metatarsa 
phalanges — condyloid. 

Second     of    great     toe  " 
with  first  phalanx  ;  of 
other  toes,  with    first 
and  third  phalanges, 

Third  row  with  second 
row, 

1  and  second 
►  ginglymus. 

First — great  toe — inner  tendon  exten- 
sor brevis  digitorum,  abductor  pol- 
licis,  adductor  pollicis,  flexor  brevis 
pollicis,  transversus  pedis. 

Second  toe — first  and  second  dorsa!  in- 
terosseous, first  lumhrical. 

Third  toe — third  dorsal  and  first  plan- 
tar interosseous,  second  lumbrical. 

Fourth  toe — fourth  dorsal  and  second 
plantar  interosseous,  third  lumhrical. 

Fifth  toe — flexor  brevis  minimi  digiti, 
abductor  minimi  digiti,  third  plantar 
interosseous,  fourth  lumbrical. 

Second — great  toe — extensor  longus 
pollicis,  flexor  longus  pollicis. 

Other  toes—  flexor  brevis  digitorum, 
one  slip  of  common  tendon  of  exten- 
sor longus  and  brevis  digitorum. 

Third — two  slips  from  the  common 
tendon  of  the  extensor  longus  and 
extensor  brevis  digitorum,  and  flexor 
longus  digitorum. 

Phalanges,  of 
hand. 

14  in  number,  three  for  each  finger 
and  two  for  thumb  ;  shaft,  head, 
base ;  long  bones. 

First  row  with  met 
second  row  of  pha 

Second    row   with 
and  third  rows, 

Third  row  with  sec 
row, 

acarp 

lange 
first  ) 

ond 

J 

al  bones  and 

; — condyloid. 

■  ginglymus. 

Thumb — extensor  primi  internodii  pol- 
licis, flexor  brevis  pollicis,  abductor 
pollicis,  adductor  pollicis,  flexor  lon- 
gus pollicis,  extensor  secundi  inter- 
nodii. 

First— index  finger — first  dorsal  and 
first  palmar  interosseous. 

Middle  finger— -second  and  third  dorsal 
interosseous. 

Ring  ft nger—  fourth  dorsal  and  second 
palmar  interosseous. 

Little  finger— third  palmar  interosse- 
ous, flexor  brevis  minimi  digiti,  ab- 
ductor minimi  digiti. 

Second— io  all  -  flexor  sublimis   digit- 

BON]  S 


Bl  'NFS 


Hyoid  Bone,  Anterior  Aspect. 
i,  i    Anterior  or  convex  surface  of  body.    2.2.  Greater 
cornua.    3,  3.  Junction  of  greater  cornua  with  body. 
4,  4.  Lesser  cornua. 


W 


Skull 

suture  of  palatine  vault.     2    Inferior  orifice  of  an- 

Inferior   openings  of  posterior 

■  ilatine  vault :  pos- 

ll  septum.     6. 

Han  nternal   pterygoid    plate  of  sphenoid 

id   plate.    8    External    pterygoid 

10    Oval    or    inferior    maxillary 

inosum.      12.    I  ei  urn 

Sphenooccipital  suture. 

;ernal  auditory  canal.     17.  Mas- 

and  stylo-mastoid  fora- 

f    carotid    canal.      20.    Foramen 

Occipital  condyles.    22    Basilar 

tmen    magnum.      24.    External   occipital 

Inferior  curved  lines  of  occipital  bone. 


£& 


1 


Thr  Orbitai 

•linR  of  rvi  extremity  of 

Orbital  cavi- 

'     ethmoid.     7. 

Spheno-maxillary 

1 1.  Squamous  portion 

iral.    12    Antero-inl  Por- 

into  formation  of  temporal  fossa.     14. 


Thorax,  Anterior  View. 

Manubrium  stertii.  2.  Gladiolus.  3.  Fusiform  cartilage  or 
xiphoid  appendix.  4.  Circumference  of  apex  of  thorax,  s 
Circumference  of  base.  6.  1st  rib.  7.  2d  rib.  8,  8.  3d,  4th, 
5th,  6th  and  7th  ribs.  9.  8th,  9th  and  10  ribs.  10.  11th  and 
12th  ribs.     11,  11.  Costal  cartilages. 


RibsofLeftSipf, 

Posterior 

Aspect. 

1-12.  Anterior  ex- 
tremities of  12 
ribs  of  left  side. 
1;,,  13.  Internal 
sin  face.  14.  14. 
External  surface. 
is.  Head  of  ist 
lib.  16.  Head  of 
2d  rib.  17.  Head 
d  rib.  18,  18. 
Heads     of    1  ibs 

from  4th  to  9th. 
19.  Head  of  10th 
rib.  20,  20.  Heads 
ol  nth  and  12th 
ribs.  2i, 21.  Nei  ks 
ol  ribs.  22  Tuber- 
.  le  ol  1st  rib.  73. 
Ai  ticular  facet  oi 

tub  11 1  le  1  I  2d  rib. 
24,  24.  Articular 
tsof  tubercles 
of  ribs  from  3d  to 
oth.  25.  Articu- 
lar facet  for  tu- 
1"  1.  le  of  10th  rib. 
26,  26.  Angles  of 
ribs. 


J\>. 


BONES 


225 


BONES 


TABJLE  <  IF   B(  »NES.— Continued. 


Name. 

1'kincipal  Features.                  Articulations  and  Variety. 

Ml  scular  and  Ligamentous 

Al  I  At   H.MhNTS. 

Phalanges,  of 
hand. 

Continued. 

orum  and  extensor  communis  digit- 

orum  ;  in  addition. 
To  index  finger—  extensor  indicis. 
To    little    finger  —  extensor    minimi 

digiti. 
Third — flexor   profundus    digitorum, 

extensor  communis  digitorum. 

Pisiform. 

Anterior  and  inner  side  of  carpus  : 
small  ;   spherical  ;    one   articular 
facet ;  short  bone. 

Cuneiform—  arthrodia. 

Flexor  carpi  ulnaris,  abductor  minimi 
digiti,  anterior  annular  ligament. 

Pnl'is. 

See  Innominate. 

Radius. 

Outer  side  of  forearm  :  shaft,  head, 
neck,  tuberosity,  lower  extrem- 
ity, oblique  line,  sigmoid  cavity, 
styloid  process. 

Humerus — ginglymus. 

(  superior — diarthrodia    rota- 
toria. 
Ulna,    -'    middle — membranous. 

1 11 fi  rior  —  diarthrodia    rota- 
(      toria. 
Semilunar — condyloid. 

Biceps,  supinator  brevis,  flexor  subli- 
nes digitorum,  flexor  longus  pollicis, 

pronator  quadratus,  extensor  ossis 
metacarpi  pollicis,  extensor  primi 
internodii  pollicis,  pronator  radii 
teres,  supinator  longus. 

Ribs. 

Twelve  in  number  on  each  side  ; 
shaft,    head,    neck,     tuberosity, 
angle   (anterior  and    posterior), 
anterior    or    sternal    extremity  ; 
first,  second,  tenth,  eleventh  and 
twelfth  are  peculiar;  flat  bones. 

• 

Vertebrae  -  at  throdia. 

c,                 )  First  rib — synarthrodia. 
sternum,  j  others-ar<A«wfla. 

Internal  and  external  intercostals, 
scalenus,  anticus,  medius  and  posti- 
cus, pectoralis  minor,  serratus  mag- 
nus,  obliquus  externus,  transversalis, 
quadratus  lumborum,  diaphragm,  la- 
tissimus  dorsi,  serratus  posticus  su- 
perior and  inferior,  sacro-lumbalis, 
musculus  accessorius  ad  sacro-lum- 
balem,  longissimus  dorsi,  cervicalis 
ascendens,  levatores  costarum,  infra- 
costales. 

Sacrum. 

Large  triangular   bone   at   lower 
part   of   vertebral   column,   and 
upper  and   back   part  of  pelvic 
cavity  ;  composed  of  five  verte- 
bra; ;  base,  promontory,  four  sur- 
faces,  apex,   central   canal,    an- 
terior and  posterior  sacral  fora- 
mina;, lateral    masses,   laminae, 
articular   processes,   sacral   cor- 
nua,  transverse  processes,  sacral 
groove,  ala;  irregular  bone. 

Last   lumbar   vi 

tebra, 
Coccyx,                       y  amphiarthrodia. 
Ossa     innominata    j 

(two),                       J 

Pyriformis,  coccygeus,  iliacus,  gluteus 
maximus,  latissimus  dorsi,  multifidus 
spinae,  erector  spinae,  extensor  coc- 
cygis. 

Scaphoid,   of 
carpus. 

Largest  bone  of  first  row;  boat-     Radius — condyloid. 
shaped  ;    upper   and   outer  part  '  Trapezium,      ~| 
of  carpus;  four  surfaces:  tuber-     Trapezoid.         \  arthrodia. 
cle;  short  bone.                                   Os  magnum,      | 

Semilunar, 

External  lateral  ligament  of  wrist. 

Scaphoid,   of 
tarsus. 

Or  navicular  bone  ;  boat-shaped;     Astragalus,                       \ 
inner   side   of  tarsus,    four   sur-    Cuneiform  (three),          >  arthrodia. 
faces,  tuberosity  ;  short  bone.          Cuboid  (occasionally),   ) 

Tibialis  posticus  (part). 

Scapula. 

Back  part  of  shoulder  ;  triangular  ; 
posterior    aspect     and    side     of 
thorax;     two     surfaces,    three 
borders,  three  angles,  subscapu- 
lar    fossa,     subscapular     angle, 
dorsum,  spine, supra-spinous  and 
infra-spinous     fossae,    acromion 
process,    glenoid    cavity,    neck, 
head, coracoid  process  ;  flat  bone. 

Hnmerus—enarthrodia. 

Clavicle — arthrodia. 

Subscapulars,  supraspinatus,  infra- 
spinatus, trapezius,  deltoid,  omo- 
hyoid, serratus  magnus,  levator  an- 
guli  scapulae,  rhomboideus  major  and 
minor, triceps,  teres  major  and  minor, 
biceps,  coraco-brachiaiis,  pectoralis 
minor,  platysma,  latissimus  dorsi. 

Semilunar. 

Upper   row  of  carpus  ;   four   sur- 
faces, crescentic  outline. 

Radius — condyloid. 

Os  magnum, 

Unciform,          j.  arlhrodia_ 

Cuneiform, 

Scaphoid, 

Sesamoid. 

Small,   rounded    masses,   cartila- 
ginous in  early  life,  osseous  in 
the  adult;  developed  in  tendons; 
inconstant,  except  patellae. 

Sphenoid. 

Anterior   part   of  base   of   skull  ; 
bat-shaped. with  wings  extended  : 
body,  two  greater  and  two  lesser 
wings,  two  pterygoid  processes, 
ethmoidal    spine,   optic   groove, 
optic   foramen,  olivary  process, 
pituitary  fossa,  anterior,  middle 
and  posterior  clinoid  processes, 
sella  turcica,  carotid  or  cavern- 

All  the  bones  of  era-  j 

nium. 
Malar  (two),                  j-  synarthrodia. 
Palate  (two), 
Vomer,                           j 

Temporal,  external  and  internal  ptery- 
goids, superior  constrictor,  tensor 
palati,  levator  tympani,  levator  pal- 
pebral, obliquus  superior,  superior, 
inferior,  internal  and  external  recti. 

i5 


M  - 


BONES 


- 


- 
i  iu  | 

Ulclll. 

a  t  I  .i  i  li  in  e  ii  t    of 
with  sternum.     - 


i.   Supraspino 

- 

apu- 

noti  h.    5.  Axillary 

nal  border.  6. 

and 

•  ' '        7  ■ 
I  ii  t  .■  r  l  ■  >  r  .u 
Rough  impression  i"i 

ig  head  of  triceps. 

Internal  or   spinal 
border. 
to.Spine.    ii. Smooth 
-in  i  r    which 

trapezius  muscle 
glides.  12.  Acro- 
mion. 13.  Base  of 
spine.  14.  Coracoid 
process. 


PECT. 

- 


■ 

internal  b 

■ 


Radius  and  Ulna,  Anterior 

1  CT. 

1    Ant  ■  1  \-  of 

ulna.      2  •    sigmoid 

[         r    sigmoid 

5- 

1  m  ifi,  e 

■ 

1  [1  ad    of 
ulna.    9.  Styloid  pri 

is.    11.  H 
'■     ipital  tu- 
tor  in- 
■:    1      radii 
extremity 
5t;  loi 


Bones  of  Carpus,  Dorsal  Aspect 
R.  Inferior  extremity  of  radius.    U.  Inferior  extremity  of  ulna. 
F.    Interarticular   fibro-cartilage.      S.   Scaphoid.     L.   S 
lunar.     C.    Cuneiform.      P.  Pisiform.     T.  Trapezium.    T. 
Trapezoid.    M.  Os  magnum.     U.  Unciform.    The  num 
upon  these  Uones  indicate  the  number  oi  others  with  whii  u 
each  articulates.     1,  2,  3,4,  s-   Proximal  extremities  of  1st,  2d, 
3d,  4th  and  5th  metai  arpal  bones. 


Hand,  Palmar  Sirface. 
.  Scaphoid.  2.  Semilunar.  3.  Cuneiform.  4.  Pisiform.  5. 
Trapezium.  6.  Groove  for  tendon  "f  flexor  carpi  radialis. 
7.  Trapezoid.  8  Os  magnum,  p.  Unciform.  10,10.  Meta- 
carpal bones.  ii,  ii.  First  phalanges  of  fingers.  12,  12. 
Second  phalanges.  13,  13.  Third  phalanges.  14.  First  phal- 
anx of  thumb.     15.  Second  phalanx. 

Sacro-vertebral 
allele.  2,  2.  Me- 
dian so  lion  "I 
sacrum.  3.  Me- 
dian sei  tion  "i 
yx  1.  Junc- 
tion of  sa<  1 11111 
and  coccyx.  5,5. 
Sacral  canal.  6, 
'1  Mi  dian 
tion  ..1  symphysis 
pubis,  7.  Antero- 
posterior or  sa- 
rin pubic  diam- 
eter "i  pelvic  in- 
let, b.  Prolong- 
ation of  tbis  di- 
ameter. 8.  Line 
perpendicular  to 
this  diameter  at 
its  middle.  9 
Antei  o-po 
or  cocci-pubic 
diametei  oi  pel- 
vii  outlet.  10. 
Horizontal 
passing  through   inferior  margin   of  symphysis  pubis.     11. 


Median  Section  01    Pelvis,  Plane  and 
Axis  of  Superior  Si  kait. 


Line  perpendicular  to  last, 
two. 


12.  Arc  of  angle  between  these 


Ill  >\l  - 


-.".•: 


B<  '• 


I  V15I.E  <)!•■   IJ(  INKS,— Continu   i. 


Name. 

Principal  Features. 

Articulations  and  Vakh 

Ml  SCULAR    AND    LIGAMENTOUS 

A  1   1  AC   H.Mh.N  1  S. 

Sphenoid  — 
Continued 

ous  groove,   lingula,   ethmoidal 
crest,   sphi  noidal    cells   or    sin- 
u^ is,   sphenoidal   turbinated 
bones,  rosti  urn,   \  a  g  inal   pro- 
cesses,   pterygo-palatine    canal, 
spinous                           i « •  ii ii « 1    fora- 
men,    oval    foramen,     foramen 
Vesalii, foramen  spiuosum,  pt<  i  y- 
goid  ridge,  external  orbital  fora- 
min.i,    vidian    canal,    pterygoid 
fossa,      internal      and      external 
pterygoid    plates,   hamular  pro- 
cess, si  aphoid  fossa. 

Sphenoidal 

turbinated 
or  sphenoid- 
al sp  on  g  > 
bones. 

Situated  at  anterior  and  inferioi 
part  of  body  of  sphenoid;  exist 

as  separate  pieces  untii  puberty 
and  occasionally  are  not  joined 
in  the  adult. 

PalaTef'  }  synarthrodia. 

None. 

Stapes. 

Resembles   a  stirrup  ;    one  of  the 
ossicles  of  tht-  tympanum  ;  bead, 
neck,  two  branches  (crura),  base  ; 
irregular  bone. 

Incus — arthrodia. 

Stapedius. 

Sternum. 

The     breast     bone;     manubrium, 
gladiolus,  ensiform  cartilage,  or 
fust,    second    and   third    pieces, 
anterior  and    posterior   surface, 
bi  irders. 

Clavicles  (two) — arthrodia. 

Costal  cartilages  (seven  on  each  side) 
first — synarthrodia;  others,  arthro- 
dia. 

>ralis  major,  sterno-cleido-mas- 
toid,  sterno-hyoid,  sterno-thyroid, 
triangularis  sterni,  aponeuroses  of 
the  obliquus  and  internus,  and  trans- 
versalis  muscles,  rectus,  diaphragm. 

Superior 
maxillary. 

Forms  with  its  fellow   the  whole 
of  the  upper  jaw  ;  somewhat  cu- 
boidal;    body  and  malar,  nasal, 
alveolar  and  palatine  processes; 
hollow  (the  antrum  ol  Highmore 
or   maxillary  sinus),  incisive   or 
myrtiform    fossa,  canine    fossa, 
canine  eminence,  infra-orbital  fo- 
ramen, posterior  dental    canals, 
maxillary    tuberosity,    posterior 
p  a  1  a  t  i  n  e    canal,     infra-orbital 
groove ;  irregular  bone. 

Frontal, 

Ethmoid, 

Nasal, 

Malar, 

Lachrymal, 

Inferior  turbinated, 

Palate, 

Vomer, 

Fellow  of  opposite 

side. 

•  synarthrodia. 

Orbicularis  palpebrarum,  obliquus  in- 
ferior ocuh,  levator  labii  superioris 
alseque  nasi,  levator  labii  superioris 
proprius,  levator  anguli  oris,  com- 
pressor nasi,  depressor  alae  nasi, 
dilator  naris  posterior,  masseter, 
buccinator,  internal  pterygoid,  orbi- 
cularis oris. 

Tarsal. 

Consist  of  calcaneum,  oros  calcis, 
astragalus,  cuboid,  scaphoid,  in- 
ternal,  middle   and    external 
cuneiform.   See  Individual  bones. 

Temporal. 

Situated  at  side  and  base  of  skull ; 
squamous,  mastoid  and  petrous 
portions,  temporal   ridge,  zygo- 
ma or   zygomatic  process,  emi- 
nentia  articularis,  Glaserian  fis- 
sure,    tubercle,     glenoid     t 
post-glenoid    process,   tympanic 
plate,  mastoid  foramen,  digastric 
fossa,  occipital  groove,  sigmoid 
fossa,  mastoid  cells,  meatus  audi- 
tor i  us  externus,  hiatus  Fallopii, 
meatus   auditorius   in  tern  us, 
lamina    cribrosa,    aquseduclus 
vestibuli,  styloid  process,  stylo- 
mastoid   foramen,  auricular   fis- 
sure ;  irregular  bone. 

Occipital, 
Parietal. 
Sphenoid, 
Inferior  maxillary, 

Malar, 

synarthrodia. 

Temporal,  masseter,  occipito-frontalis, 
sterno-mastoid,    splenius    capitis, 
trachelo-mastoid.   digastricus,  retra- 
hens  aurem,  stylo-pharyngeus,  stylo- 
hyoideus,  stylo-glossus,   levatoi 
lati,  tensor   tympani,   tensor  palati, 
stapedius. 

Tibia. 

At   front   and   inner  side  of  leg; 
next    to    femur    in    length    and 
size;    prismoid    in    form;    uppei 
extremity  or  head,  tuberosities, 
spinous  process,  tubercle,  popli- 
teal notch,  shaft,  crest  (the  shin), 
oblique  line,  internal  malleolus; 
long  bone. 

Femur — ginglymus. 

( superior — arthrodia. 
Fibula, -<  middle — membranous. 

1  inferioi — arthrodia. 
Astragalus  with  fibula — ginglymus. 

Semimembranosus,  tibialis  anticus, 
extensor  longus  digitorum,  biceps, 
sartorius,  gracilis,  semi-tendinosus, 
tibialis  anticus,  popliteus,  soleus, 
flexor  longus  digitorum,  tibialis  pos- 
ticus, ligamentum  patellae. 

Trapezium. 

In    lower    row    of   carpus :    very 
irregular;  six  surfaces,  groove ; 

short  bone. 

Scaphoid, 

Trapezoid,                                     ,,       ,• 
First  and  second  meta-   f  <"th™dia. 
carpal, 

Adductor  pollicis.  flexor  ossis  meta- 
carpi  pollicis,  flexor  brevis  pollicis 
(parti. 

Trapezoid. 

Smallest   bone    in    second  row  of 
carpus  ;  wedge-shaped  ;  six  sur- 
faces ;  short  bone. 

Scaphoid, 

Second  metacarpal,    |.  arthrodia_ 
Trapezium,                   | 
Os  magnum, 

Flexor  brevis  pollicis  (part). 

Triquetral. 

See  Wormian  bones. 

Bi  iNI  - 


B0N1  S 


minate  Bonk,  External  Aspect. 

,    Su  2.  Anterior  superior  iliac  spine. 

rior   iliac  spine.    4.4,4-  Superior  curved 

r  curved  line.    6.  Surface  between  inferior 

.  Anterior  inferior  iliac  spine. 

or  interspinous  notch.    9.  Posterior   inferior    iliac 

Posterior    interspinous    notch        n.    Spine    of 

iatic  notch.    13.  Acetabulum.     14. 

tabulum.    15,15  Circumference  of  acetabulum. 

.    -pine   of    pubes.     IS.     Horizontal 

ending  branch  of  pubes.     20,20. 

ndon  of  obturator  externus  mus- 

22.  Obturator  foramen. 


mor  View,  St  i-krior  Strait. 

Iliac  crests.    3,   3.    Anterior 

rior  inferior  iliac  spines.     5, 

Horizontal   brani  hi 

bui  ling  rami 

12,  12.  Spines 
I  l,  14- 
iral    angle.     16,    16. 
Su| 


U  12 

Femur,    Posterior    Aspect. 

1,  1.   Linea  aspera.    2.  2.   Ex- 
ternal division.     3.   internal 

division.  4,  4.  Inferioi  divi- 
sions 5.  Head.  6.  Depres- 
sion for  attachment  of  round 

ligament.  7.  Neck.  S.  (.real 
trochanter.  9.  Digital  or 
trochanteric  fossa.  10.  I  el 
trochanter.  11.  Outer  con- 
dyle. 12  Inner  condyle.  13- 
Intercondyloid  notch.  14. 
Outer  tuberosity.  15  inner 
tuberosity. 


Foot,  Plantar  Aspect. 
.    Inferior     surface    of    I  all   ' 
neum.      2.    Innei    tuberosity. 
3.  Outer  tuberosity.    4.  Angu- 
lar depression  betv 
tuberosities.    5   Inferior  por- 
tion oi    lu-ad   of  astragalus 
6,   Plantar  surfai  e  of  1  uboid, 
for  attachment  of  inferior  cal- 
caneo-i  uboid     ligament.       7. 
Tuberositj  ofi  uboid.   8  Sca- 
phoid.    9.  Tubei  osity  ol  si  a- 
phoid       to    inferior  portion 
oi    internal    cuneiform.      11 

Apex     of     middle-     CUneifl  'l  in 

12.    Apex  of   internal 
form.     13,  [4,  IS,  I''.  17-    '   "    ' 
.id.  thud,  fourth  and  fifth 

metatai  sal  bi  mi  s  18  1  ubei  - 
osity  of  fifth  metatarsal  bone, 
m.  Tw o  sesami >id  bi 'iu-s.  70 
First    phalanx   ol     great     toe. 

21.  Last  phalanx  of  glial  toe 

22,  22      First     phalanges    of 

mlllg     toes.        2  I,    2s      Sei  - 

ond  and  third  phalanges  of 
these  toes. 


Tibia  and  Fibula,  Anterior 
Aspi  ■  1 

1.  Shaft  of  tibia.  2.  Internal 
tuberosity.  3.  External  tu- 
berosity. 4.  Spine.  5.  Tuber- 
cle. 6.  Crest.  7.  Inferior  ex- 
tremity. 8.  Internal  malleo- 
lus. 9.  Shalt  of  fibula.  10 
Superior  extremity.  II.  In- 
1  nor  extremity  and  external 
malleolus. 


IH  i.\]  - 


229 


B0N1  - 


TABLE  OP    B(  >NES.— Continued. 


Name. 


Principal  Features. 


Articulations  and  Variety. 


Turbinate, 
inferior. 


Turbinate, 

middle. 


Turbinate, 
superior. 


Tympanic. 


Ulna. 


Unciform. 


Vertebrae. 


One  on  each  side  of  outer  wall 
of  nasal    fossae;    curled    like   a 
scroll :  two  sin  faces,  two  boi 
two  extremities,  lachrymal 
i  ess,   ethmoidal   process,   maxil- 
lai  v  process. 

The  free  com  oluted  margin  of  the 
thin  lamella,  that  descends  from 
the  under  sin  face  ol  the  i  i  ibri- 
loi  in  plate  oi  the  ethri 

The  thin  curved  plate  oi  the 
ethmoid,  that  bounds  t lu-  supe- 
rior meatus  of  the  nose  above. 


Ethmoid, 

Supei  ioi  maxillary, 

Lachrymal, 

Palate, 


synarthrodia. 


\  omer. 


Wormian. 


Includes   the  Incus.  Malleus  and 
Stapes  (q.  v.). 


Inner  side  of  forearm,  parallel 
with  radius;  prismatic;  shaft 
and  two  extremities,  olecranon 
process,  coronoid  process,  Radius 
greater  and  lesser  sigmoid  cavi- 
ties, oblique  ridge,  pel  pendicular 
line,  head  or  lower  extremity, 
styloid  process  ;  long  bone. 


Wedge-shaped ;  hook-like  pro- 
cess ;  in  lower  row  of  carpus  ; 
short  bone. 


Twenty-six;  cervical  seven,  dor- 
sal twelve,  lumbar  five,  sacrum 
(composed  of  live),  coccyx  (com- 
posed of  four;  each  has  a  body 
and  an  arch  ;  latter  has  two  pedi- 
cles, two  laminae  and  seven  pro- 
cesses, viz. :  four  articular,  two 
transverse,  one  spinous.  Pecu- 
liar vertebrae,  first,  second  and 
seventh  cervical;  first,  ninth, 
tenth,  eleventh  and  tweltth  dor- 
sal, sacrum,  coccyx ;  irregular 
bones. 


Situated  vertically  at  back  part  of 
nasal  fossae;  forms  part  of  sep- 
tum of  nose;  somewhat  like  a 
plow-share ;  two  surfaces  and 
four  borders. 


Supernumerary  bones;  irregular, 
inconstant,  isolated,  interposed 
between  the  cranial  hones,  most 
frequently  in  the  lambdoid 
suture. 


Humerus— gingtytnns 

superior — diarthrodia    ro- 
tatoria. 

m  i  dd  le — membranous. 

i  —diarthrodia  rota- 
toria. 


1 


Semilunar, 

Fourth  and  fifth  meta- 
carpal, i 
Cuneiform, 
Os  magnum, 


a  i throdia. 


J 


Articulate  with  each  other,  and  with 

occipital  and  innominate  bones  and 

ribs  (q.  v.). 
Intervertebral    articulations,  between 

the  bodies—  amphiarthrodia. 
Between  articular  processes— arthro- 

dia. 


Sphenoid, 

Ethmoid, 

Superior  maxillary 
i  two), 

Palate  (two), 

Cartilage  of  the  sep- 
tum, 


synarthrodia. 


Muscular  and  Ligamentoi 

A  I  TACHMEN  is. 


Triceps,  anconeus,  flexor  carpi  ulnaris. 
brachialis  antic  us,  pronator  radii 
teres,  flexoi  sublimis  digitorum, flexor 
profundus  digitorum,  flexor  longus 
pollicis  (occasionally),  pronator quad- 
ratus,  supinator  brevis,  extensor 
ossis  metacarpi  pollicis,  extensor 
secundi  internodii  pollicis,  extensor 
indicis,  extensor  carpi  ulnaris. 


Flexor  brevis  minimi  digiti,  flexor 
ossis  metacarpi  minimi  digiti, anterior 
annular  ligament. 


Attachment  of  muscles. —  To  the  Atlas 
are  attached  nine  pairs:  the  loi 
colli,  rectus  amicus  minor,  rectus 
lateralis,  rectus  posticus  minor,  ob- 
liquus  superior  and  inferior,  splenius 
colli,  levator  anguli  scapulae  and  first 
intertransverse. 

7 o  the  Axis  are  attached  eleven  pairs : 
the  longus  colli,  obliquus  inferior, 
rectus  posticus  major,  semispinalis 
colii,  multifidus  spinas,  levator  anguli 
scapula?,  splenius  colli,  scalenus 
medius,  transversalis colli,  intertrans- 
versales.  interspinals. 

To  the  remaining  vertebra"  generally 
are  attached  thirty-five  pairs  and  a 
single  muscle:  anteriorly,  the  rectus 
anticus  major,  longus  colli,  scalenus 
anticus,  medius,  and  posticus,  psoas 
magnus,  psoas  parvus,  quadratus 
lumborum,  diaphragm,  obliquus  in- 
terims and  transversalis  ;  posteriorly, 
the  trapezius,  latissimus  dorsi,  leva- 
tor anguli  ihomboideus 
major  and  minor,  serratus  posticus 
superior  and  inferior,  splenius,  i 
tor  spinae,  sacro-lumbalis,  longissi- 
mus  dorsi,  spinalis  dorsi,  cervicalis 
ascendens,  transversalis  colli, 
trachelo-mastoid,  complexus,  biven- 
ter  cervicis,  semispinalis  dorsi  and 
colli,  multifidus  spina-,  rota: 
spinae,  interspinales,  supraspinales, 
intertransversales,  levatores  costa- 
rum. 


>]   S  i  'l'l  RA1  : 


B(  H  Q1   1   I 


Bose's  Operation.     S 
Bos-  [  Ml    . 

Bosselatcd  '■'.  1    .  with 

Bossclation  [Ml    .        ]      A  I —  like 

Bostock's  Catarrh. 

Bostryx  rl].      In   bii 

Boswellia 

\-ia 

Bosworth's  Operation. 

Bot  m].     The  lai  rtain 

;  jtrus,  which  i 
Mian,   where  they  hatch. 

■ 

Bo:  i'.otallo,  Duct  of  B.,   Fora- 

men c>:  B.,  Valve  of. 

Botalismus  ttts. 

Botanic  r       .  an  herb].      Pertaining  to 

B.   Physician,  a  title  rtain 

etable  remedies. 

Botanist  herb].     A  student  of 

Botanophile  .    herb;     • 

dilettanti.     Persons  fond  of  botany, 
not  I 
Botany  in  herb].     The  science  of 

ficatlon    and     structure.      B.    Bay 
Gum. 
Bote 
Bothna  ['••]•      Plural  of  Bothrion,  or  of 

Bothriocephalus   [bot/i-re-o  s  •  v,  a  pit ; 

id].      A  rms.      See   Tape- 

B.  latus,  t  mi ;  a  common 

tain   European    localities.      It 

t  in  length,  with  a  breadth  of 

three- fourths  of  an  inch.      It  nia  lata, 

hi  i  imil), 

Bothnon  .   a   pit].      I.    A   small 

t,  or 
of  ] 

Bothnum  ;/. 

Botium  ['■■]■      A   goiter  or  tumor  of  the 

B.  trachelophyma.     Synonym  of  Goiter. 
Botrel's  Operation 
Botryoi  1 

Botryomyco   i 

in 
form  in  I  It  is 

Botryoi  An 

me. 

Botryo-therapeutics 

I    arl J. 

Bots  .  B   •• 

Bbttcher's  Cell 

B.'s 
Crystals,    pet  uliai    i  by 


phate   of  ammonia  to  a  drop  of  prostatic   secretion. 
lh  imposed   of  a  phosphate    formed   from  .. 

><    that   exists   in   prostatic   fluid,   and  that   is    sup 
sed  to  imparl  to  it  its  peculiar  < ■<  1« >i .      B.'s   Test. 
Sei 

Botteker's  Test. 

Bottger's  Test. 

Bottini's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table 

Bottle  i/v/'V)  [MK.,/vA/;  Fr.,  bouteil/ej.  ■  A  vessel, 
usuall)  .  with  a  narrow  neck.     B.,  Feeding, 

a  ilat  flask  with  a  nipple  of  India-rubber  attached, 
used  for  feeding  infants.  B.  Nose,  a  common  name 
for  Acm  rosacea.  B.,  Specific  Gravity,  a  Floi 
flask  graduated  to  contain  500-1000  grains  ol  water, 
with  the  weight  of  which  an  equal  volume  ol  any  other 
liquid  ma)  I"-  compared.  B. -stoop,  in  pharmacy,  a 
block  50  grooved  that  it  serves  to  hold  a  wide  mouthed 
bottle  in  an  oblique  [ >* >^it  i<  m  while  a  powder  is  being 
dispensed  from  it.  B.-wax,  a  hard,  -tin  varietj  "t 
wax  used  in  sealing  botl  li 

Botts  (botz).     See  Bot. 

Botulinic    Acid   ibot-u-lin' '-ik   as'-id}  [_/>  sau- 

sage].    An    acid   asserted  to  exist  in  putrefyi 
sages,  and  to  constitute  their  spei  ific  poison. 

Botulism  [bot'-u-lizm),  Botulismus  [bot-u-lizf-mus) 
\botulus,z  sausage].  Nni-;i^e  poisoning.  See  Allan- 
tiasis, Blun  d  Allanto-toxicon. 

Bouchard's  Diet.     S  itment,  Methods  of.     B.'s 

Method.  See  Treatment,  Methods  of.  B.'s  Nod- 
ules, nodules  appearing  upon  the  phalangeal  joints 
of  the  hands  of  persons  suffering  with  gastrectasis. 

Bouchut's  Tubes.  A  variety  of  tubes  for  intubation  of 
the  larynx. 

Bougard's  Paste.  A  caustic  paste  containing  bichlorid 
of  mercury,  eh  I'  irid  of  zinc,  arsenic,  cinnabar,  starch,  and 
wheat  flour.     It  is  used  as  an  application  to  carcinom 

Bougie  {boo-zhe')  [Fr.,  a  candle].  A  slender,  cylin- 
drical instrument  made  of  waxed  silk,  catgut,  eti  . 
for  introduction  into  the  urethra  or  other  passage, 
for  the  purpose  of  dilation,  exploration,  etc.  Some- 
times bougies  are  covered  with  preparations  that  are 
thus  conveyed  to  the  inner  mucous  surfaces.  B., 
Armed,  a  bougie  with  a  piece  of  nitrate  of  silver  or 
other  caustic  attached  to  it-  extremity.  B.,  Filiform, 
a  whalebone  or  other  bougie  of  very  small  size. 

Bouhou  (boo-hoo/).  '100. 

Bouillaud's  Disease.     See  Endocarditis,  and  Dist 
Table  of. 

Bouillon  [boo-e-yon' \g))  [Fr.].  An  alimentary  broth 
made  by  boiling  meat,  usually  beef,  in  water.  A  soup. 
Also  a  liquid  nutritive  mi  dium  made  by  boiling  meat, 
for  the  culture  oi  microorganisms.  Peptonized  bouil 
Ions  and  solution-,  of  powdered  meats  have  also  been 
used.  B.  of  Liebig,  made  b)  dissolving  Liebig's 
meat  extract,  5  grams,  in  boiling  water,  101  grams, 
ttralizing  with  bicarbonati  oi  soda  and  filtering. 
1 1  >  nutritive  value  is  increased  by  adding  glucose. 

Bouisson's  Operation.     See  '  operations,  'table  of. 

Bouknemia  ne'-me-aK).     Synonym  of  Elephan- 

tiasis arabum. 

Boulesis  [boo-le'-sis).     See  Ihil, 

Boulimia  [boo-lim'-e-ah).     See  Bulimia. 

Boulopeithia  [boo-lo-pi' '-the-ah).     See  Bulopeithia. 

Boulton's  Solution.     A  solution  used  in  the  form  of  a 
spray  in  the  treatment  of  rhinitis.     In  formula  is,  1  om 
pound    tincture    of    iodin    H\,XX  ;    carbolic   acid  (cryst.), 
"VJ ;    glycerin,   J^vij;    distilled   water,  §v.     This  is 

placed  in  a  water  bath  at  [00°,  in  a  tightly-corked 
bottle  until  thi    solution  b  .  and  is  then 

filtered. 
Bouquet    (boo-ka')   [Fr.].      1.    In  anatomy,  a  cluster, 
of  nerves,  blood  ,  or  muscles.     2.   The  delicate 


B(  11  RDIN'S  PAS!  E 


231 


BRAI  II1<  INIGRAPH 


perfume  and  Savor  of  good  wine,  i  The  odor  charac- 
teristic of  a  disease.  B.  of  Kiolan,  the  cluster  of 
ligaments  and  muscles  attached  t<>  the  styloid  proi  i 

Bourdin's  Paste.  A  mixture  of  nitric  acid  with  Mow- 
ers of  sulphur;   used  as  an  es<  harotii  , 

Bourdonnement     (boor-don-mon(g)')     [Fr.,   boura  n 
>ii-r,   to  buzz].     Any    buzzing    sound.      ["he  murmur 
thai  is  heard  when  the  stethoscope  is  applied  to  any 
part  of  the  body.     It   is   thought   to  result   from  con- 
traction  of  the  muscular  fibrillae.     See,  also,  Bom 

Boutha  (boo'-thah).  A  nun  alcoholic,  stimulating,  aer- 
ated beverage,  containing  thein;  proprietary. 

Bouton  (boo-ton^g)')  [Fr.].     I.  A  bud  or  bulb,     j     \ 
pimple.     B.  d'Alep,  the  Aleppo  button  or  boil. 
Furunculus  orient alis.     B.  de  Biskra.     See  Furun- 
culus  orien talis. 

Boutons  Terminals.  Small  terminal  enlargements  or 
tactile-cells  of  sensory  nerves,  as  in  the  nose  of  the 
guinea  pig  and  mole. 

Boutonniere  Operations.     See    Operations,    Table  of. 

Bovet,  Bacillus  of.    See  Ba  teria,    Synonymatic  Table 

of- 

Bovey  Coal  (bo' '-ve kul).     See  Lignite. 

Bovina  Fames  (bo-vi'-nah  fa'-mBs)  [I ..].  Bovine 
hunger ;  bulimia. 

Bovine  (bo'-vin)  [bovinus,  of  an  ox].  <  Ix-like.  B. 
Heart,  the  immensely  hypertrophied  heart  of  aortic 
valvular  disease.      B.  Hunger.      See  Bovina  Fames. 

Bovinine  (bo'-vin-in)  [bos,  bovis,  an  ox].  A  propriet- 
ary preparation  of  beef  used  as  a  food  for  invalids  and 
convalescents. 

Bovista  [bo-vis' -tali)  [L. ].  I.  A  genus  of  fungi  closely 
allied  to  Lycoperdon  ;  some  of  the  species  are  edible. 
2.  The  Lycoperdon  bovista,  a  fungus  or  puff-ball. 
When  dry  it  is  a  good  styptic,  and  its  tincture  is  used 
for  nervous  diseases.  It  is  chiefly  employed  by  homeo- 
pathists. 

Bow  (bo)  [ME.,bowe'\.  A  bending.  B. -drill,  a  kind 
of  drill  worked  by  a  bow  and  string,  formerly  em- 
ployed in  lithotripsy.  B.-leg,a  bending  outward  of 
the  lower  limbs.      See  (J,iiu  varum. 

Bowditch  Island  Ringworm.     See  Tinea  imbricata. 

Bowels  (bow'-elz)  [ME.,  bowele :  botellus,  a  sausage]. 
The  intestines. 

Bowman's  Capsule.  The  hyaline  membrane  that 
forms  the  wall  of  the  enlargement  at  the  origin  of  a 
uriniferous  tubule. 
Same  as  Malpig- 
hian  Capsule.  B. 
Discs,  the  pro- 
ducts of  a  break- 
ing up  of  muscle- 
fibers  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  trans- 
verse striations. 
These  correspond 
to  the  discs  of 
'■'■principal  sub- 
stance" of  Dobie. 
B.  Glands.  See 
{Hand.  B.  La- 
mellae of  the  Cor- 
nea. See  Mem- 
brane of  Descemet. 
B.  Membrane,  a 
thin    homogeneous 


membrane  repre- 
senting the  upper- 
most layer  of  the 
stroma  of  the  cor- 
nea, with  which  it 
is   intimately  connected 


Bowman's  CAPSULE  and 
Gli  imerulus. 
a.  Vas  afferens.  e.  Vas  efferens. 
c.  Capillary  network  of  the  cor- 
tex, k.  Endothelium  of  the  cap- 
sule, h.  Origin  of  a  convoluted 
tubule.    [After  Landois.) 


B.  Muscle.     See  Muscles, 


Table  of.     B.    Operations.     See   Operations,    Table 

B.    Physic.      See    Gillenia.      B.    Probe. 
Lachrymal.     B.    Root.     See   Gillenia.     B.    Tubes, 
artifii  ial    passages    made   by  forcing  air  or  tluid- 
tween  the  <  omeal  lamellae. 

Box,  Boxwood  .  B.- 

berry,  a  popular  name  for  Gaultheria  procumbens. 
B.  Plate,  a  metallii  plate  with  an  air-ti^ht  chamber, 
used  as  an  obturator,  01   in  ion  with    artificial 

ti  eth,  for  the  replacement  ol  the  loss  of  natur: 
ture.      See   Raised  Base,      B.   Pulse-measurer,  an 
instrument  for  measuring  the  pulse  by  its  action  upon 
a  column  of   liquid  when  tie  is  placed 

within  an  oblong  box  communicating  with  the  column. 

Boyer's  Apparatus.  An  apparatus  for  reducing  frac- 
tures of  the  humerus;  it  is  composed  ol  four  splints 
and  two  spiral  bandages,  one  within  and  one  around 
the  splints.      B.  Bandage.     See/)'.////  B.  Cyst. 

Se<   /'  xbleof.  B.  Splint.   Seei?.'   Appat 

Boyle's  Law.  See  Law.  B.  Ventilator.  See  Ven- 
tila ' 

Boynton's  Method.  See  Of,  rations.  Table  of.  B. 
Treatment.     See   Treatment,  Methods  of. 

Bozeman's  Apparatus.  A  wooden  framework  intended 
to   hold   a   patient   in   the    ki  \    posture  in   the 

operation   lor  \<  mal  fistula.      B.  Catheter,  a 

double-current  catheter.  B.  Operation.  .V  t-  Opera- 
tions,   Table  of. 

Braccate  (brak'-at)  [braces,  breeches].  In  biology, 
having  the  feet  completely  feathered. 

Brachelytrous  (bra-kel' -it-rus)  [  Ipaxvc,  short  :  £Ai  r 
a    >heath].      In    biology,    with  short    elytra  or  wing- 
covers. 

Brachia  (bra' '-ke-ah).      Plural  of  Brachium. 

Brachial  (bra'-ke-al)  [brachium,  the  arm].  Pertaining 
to  the  arm.      B.  Artery,  the  com  ,  of  the   axil  - 

lary  artery,  extending  along  the  inner  side  of  the  arm. 
See  Arteries,  'Table  of.  B.  Diplegia.  See  Paralj 
B.  Glands,  the  lymphatic  glands  of  the  arm. 
Gland.  B.  Plexus,  the  plexus  of  the  fifth,  sixth, 
seventh  and  eighth  cervical  and  the  first  dorsal  pair 
of  nerves.  See  Plexuses,  Table  of.  B.  Veins,  the 
veins  of  the  ami  that  accompany  the  brachial  artery. 
See   /  ein . 

Brachialgia  (bra-ke-aV -je-ah)  [/3pa^/ov,  the  arm ;  aAyoc, 
pain].  Pain  or  neuralgia  in  the  armor  in  the  brachial 
plexus. 

Brachialis  amicus  (bra-ke-a'-lis  an'-tik-us).  See 
Muscles,  Table  of. 

Brachiate  i  bra'-ki  at)  [brachium,  an  arm].  In  biology, 
possessing  arms  or  branches. 

Brachinin  (brak'-in-in)  [(ipaxyc,  short].  A  substance 
obtained  from  the  Bombardier  Beetle,  Brachinus crep- 
itans, of  Europe.  It  is  said  to  be  efficacious  against 
rheumatism.      LJnof. 

Brachiocephalic  (bra-ke-o-sef-al' -ik)  [  .  the  arm  ; 

»■■>/,,  head].    Pertaining  to  the  arm  and  the  head.    B. 
Artery  and  Vein,  the  innominate  artery  and  vein. 

Brachiocubital  (bra-ke-o-ku' -bit-al)  [  .  the  ami  ; 

cubitus  the  f<  irearm] .  Relating  to  the  arm  and  forearm  ; 
as  the  brachio-cubital  ligament. 

Brachiocyllosis  (bra-ke-o-sil-o/ -sis)  [fipaxiov,  the  arm  ; 
KvTiluaiq,  a  bending].      A    crookedm  the  arm; 

also  the  paralysis  that  may  accompany  it. 

Brachiodermian    (bra-ke-o-der1 '-me-an)    |  .  the 

arm  .  the  skin].      Relating   to   the  skin   of  the 

arm. 

Brachioncus     (bra-ke-on  [Ppax'iuv,    the  arm  ; 

a  swelling].      Any  hard   and   chronic   swelling 
of  the  arm. 

Brachionigraph  (bra-ke-on' -ig-raf)  [  ipax'uw,  the  arm; 
ypa<peiv,  to  write].      A  device  or  apparatus  by  which  a 


BRACHII  "KAI'IAl. 


BRAIN 


le  upper 

arm. 
Brachioradia.  the  arm  ; 

Brachiorrheuma  the 

lux]       Rheumatism  of  the  arm. 
Brachiostrophosi^  .  the 

rn]       A  twist  or  twisted  deformity 
.nn. 
Brachiotomy  the    arm; 

trie  removal 

BrachipU  ■         arm  ;   pi 

Brachip:  arm; 

;    ■ 
histocephalic,    >r  Brachistocephalous    (bra-kis- 

t.l].     Having  an  extremely  short 

Brachium  arm: 

illy   the    upper  arm  ; 

An  extensor  process  of  an 

B.  Cerebri  or  B.  of  Op.ic  Lobes,  the  bands 

•  .m«l  testes  with  the  optic  thalamus. 

B.   Pontis,    the    brachium    of  the  pons,    being    also 

luncle  of   the  cerebellum.      Brachia 

cerebelli,  the  peduncles  of  the  cerebellum. 

Brach-Romberg  Symptom.    ;  ns  and  Symptoms, 

Brachybiotic    (  -of-ik)    [  .   short; 

-        ;:    lived. 

Brachycardia  ir/-de-ah).     Same  as  Brady- 

Brachycephalia    [brak-e-sef-a' '-le-ah)    [fipaxvg,  short; 

.    i  head].       1  he  quality  of  being  brachycepha- 

lic. 

Brachycephalic  '-sef-al' -ik)     \fipa\vg,     short; 

.  a  head].      In   biology,  applied  to  -kulls  of  an 

with    the  larger  end  behind.      Having 

nil,  the  trans  of  which  is  more  than 

ng  diameter.       See    /■'.' 

Brachycephalism  f'-al-izm  .     See    Brachy- 

Brachycephalou  [  Ipaxvg,  short ; 

Irachycephalic. 
Brachycephaly  See  pha- 

Brachydactylia  r,  short : 

].      Abnormal  shortm  igers 

Brachydactylism 

Brachydactylou  hort ; 

:  abnormal  -hort- 

Brachygnathism  ,,,rt; 

lerior 

Brachykephaba  ,,-hy- 

Brachymetropia  lort; 

Brachymetropic 

Brachyodon 

•     th].      In  >wned  te< 

Brachypnea 


Brachypodous   (brak-ip' -o-dus)  .  short;    it 

it].      In  biology,  possessing  a  short   loot  or  stalk. 
Brachypterous  [brak-ip' -ter-ui \  [  ipa  \  i  g,  short ;  mv 

a  wing].      In  biology,  short-winged. 
Brachyrrhinia  [brak-e-rin* -e-ah  )   \$pa%yg,  short;  />■'/, 

a  nose].      Abnormal  shortness  of  the  nose. 
Brachysomia  [brak-e-so' '-me-ah  )  [  \pu  \  vg,  short ;  au/a, 

body].     Shortness  of  the  body. 
Brachyurous  u'-rus)  [  .  short  ;  ovpd,  tail]. 

In  biology,  short  tail.  d. 
Bracklet  i  brak'-let  |  [bracteola,  a  thin  leaf].     In  biology, 

the  .-mailer  bract  borne  on  pedicles. 
Bract  (brakt)   \bractea,  a  thin  plate].      In  biology,  the 

name  <<(  the  modified  leaves  borne  mi  flower-pedun 

or  at  the  base  of  flower^clusters. 
Bracteole.      Same  as  Bracklet. 

Bradesthesia  [brad-es-the1 '-ze-ah).     See  Bradyesthesia. 
Bradyarthria  [brad-e-ar' -thre-ah)\_  ipaSvg,  slow  ;  hpBpov, 

articulation].     Abnormally  .-low  articulation  of  words: 

bradylalia. 
Bradybolism  [brad-ib' '-o-lizm)  [jSpadfic,  slow ;    vi'/'/nr, 

to  throw].      Same  as  Bradyspermatism. 
Bradycardia  [brad-e-kar* -de-ah)  \  .  -low;  k<i 

the  heart].      Slow  pulse — the  opposite  of  tachycardia. 
Bradycauma  (brad-e-kaitZ-mah)  \fipa8vg ,  slow ;  /.< 

burn:   pi.,   Bradycaumata\     Slow    cautery,  as   with 

the  moxa. 
Bradycrote  {brad* -e-krot)  \fipa6vg,  slow;  ttpbrog,  a  beat- 
ing].     Marked  by  or  relating  to  slowness  of  the  pulse. 
Bradycrotic   [brad-e-krof '-ik)   [Qpadvg,  slow;  Kporog,  a 

beating].      Bradycrote. 
Bradyecoia  [brad-e-ek-oif-ak)  \fipadvg,  slow  ;  axoiieiv,  to 

hear].      Hardness  of  hearing. 
Bradyesthesia     [brad-e-es-the* '-ze-ah)     [fipaSvg,    slow; 

aladqaig,  perception].      Dulness  of  perception. 
Bradylalia   [brad-e-laf -le-ah)  [/ipadvg,  slow;   /.<//.•  Iv,  to 

talk].      A  slow  and  disordered  utterance. 
Bradylogia  [brad-e-lo' -je-ah)  [  Ipadvg,  slow;  Tibyog,  dis- 
course].    Bradylalia. 
Bradymasesis,  Bradymassesis  {brad-e-mas-e'-sis),  or 

Bradymastesis    [brad-e-mas-te1 '-sis)    [/S/mhJuc,  slow; 

fmarjaig,  mastication].      Slow  or  difficult  mastication, 

especially    that    seen    in    general    paralysis,    or    after 

lesions  of  the  fifth  nerve. 
Bradypepsia  [brad-e-pep' '-se-ah)  [iipafibg,  slow  ;  ~eipig, 

digestion].      Difficult  or  slow  digestion. 
Bradyphasia    [brad-e-fa' -ze-ah)   [/3padbg,  slow ;   <■ 

speech].      Bradylalia. 
Bradyphrasia  [brad-e-fra' -ze-ah)  \fipa8vg,  slow 

utterance].      Slowness  of   speech;   it  occurs  in  - 

types  of  mental  disea 
Bradypnea     [brad-ip-ne' -ah)     [^niMr,    slow;    m 

to  breathe].      Abnormal  slowness  of  breathing. 
Bradyspermatism       [brad-e-sper'-mat-izm)      [  ^/" 

slow;  oirkpfw,  seed].     Abnormally  slow  emission  of 

semen. 
Bradysphygmia    (/<;  '-me-ah)    [fipadiig,    slow; 

r,,r-  smc.  pulse].      Abnormal  slowness  of  the  pulse. 
Bradysuria  u'-re-ah         5i      Bradyuria. 

Bradytocia     [brad-e-to' '-se-ah)     [fipa6vg,    slow;     - 

birth].      Abnormally  -low  or  protrai  I'd  parturition. 
Bradytrophic   [brad-e-trof  f -ik)   [  low;     rp 

nutrition].     Characterized    by    slowness    of     trophic 

changes. 
Bradyuria     [brad-e-u' '-re-ah)    [(ipaSvg,    slow;     <" 

urine].      Slow  passage  of  urine. 
Braidism    [brdd'-izm)    [Braid,    the    originator].      The 

hypnotic  state  produced  by  fixation  of  the  eye-  upon  a 

-hining  object;    described    by    (ames    Braid    in    I 
Hypnotism. 
Brain   [bran)  [Low    Ger.,  brazen].      The  general  con- 
tent- oi"   the    cranium,  especially  the  cerebrum.      B., 


DRAIN 


233 


BRAN 


Superior  Aspect,  or  Convexity  of  the  Brain. 
i,i.  Fissure  of  Rolando.  2,2.  Ascending  frontal  convolution.  3,  3.  As- 
cending and  superior  parietal  convolutions.  4,  4.  First  frontal  con- 
volution. 5,5.  Second  frontal.  6,6.  Third  frontal.  7,7.  First  occi- 
pital. S,  8.  Second  occipital.  9,  9.  Third  occipital.  10.  Anterior 
extremity  of  corpus  callosum.     11,  11.  1'osterior  extremity. 


Abdominal.  See  .V  /•  uts.  B.,  After-. 
See  .1/  '  a  phalon.  B.  Axis,  that  portion 
of  tin-  brain  substance  including  tin-  island 
of  Reil,  th<  i.  pons, 

medulla,  and  cerebellum.      B. -bladder,   a 
cerebral  vesicle  of  tin-  embryo.     B.,  Com- 
pression of,  ma_\  arise   from   injury  .,1  1 
ease,  from  sudation,  blood  extrava- 

sation, etc.  See  (  mpi  ion.  B.,  Con- 
cussion of,  i-  tin-  result  of  injury  produi 
symptoms  "i  loss  of  power  and  function 
generally.  See  Concussion.  B. -fag,  mental 
exhaustion  due  to  overwork.  B.  Fever 
Sec  Meningitis;  also  Synonym  of  Typhoid 
B.,  Fore-.  See  Prosencephalon. 
B.,  Hind-.  See  Epencephalon.  B.,  In- 
callosal,  one  in  which  there  is  a  complete 
absence  of  the    coqxt-  callosum.     '11 

imonl)  associated  with  mental  and  physi 
cal  weakness,  amounting  often  to  idiocy. 
B.,  Inter-.  See  Dient  phalon.  B.,  Irri- 
tation of,  follows  injur\-,  and  is  marked  by 
symptoms  of  irritability  and  often  bj 
vulsive  phenomena.  B.,  Little,  the  cere- 
bellum. B. -mantle,  that  portion  of  the 
brain-substance  including  the  convolutions, 
corpus  callosum,  and  fornix.  B.,  Mid-. 
See  Mesencephalon.  B.-pan,  the  cranium. 
B.,  Railway,  a  neurosis  sometimes  occur- 
ring in  those  who  ride  constantly  on  railway 
trains.  It  is  characterized  by  anesthesia, 
or  spinal  hyperesthesia,  insomnia,  paresis, 
etc.  B.  Sand,  a  gritty  mineral  mattei 
found  in  and  about  the  pineal  gland, 
sisting  mainly  of  calcium  and  magnesium 
carbonates  and  phosphates.  In  function  i- 
not  known.  B. -shake.  Synonym  of  //., 
Concussion  of.  B.-stem,  the  pons,  me- 
dulla, and  crura  cerebri.  B. -storm,  a 
succession  of  sudden  and  severe  phenomena, 
due  to  some  cerebral  disturbance.  B.-tire, 
a  condition  of  brain-exhaustion  due  to  ex- 
cessive functional  activity.  See  B.-fag. 
B.-wave,  the  supposed  telepathic  vibra- 
tion of  a  "  mentiferous  ether,"  by  which 
thoughts  and  impressions  may  be  transferred 
from  one  person  to  another.  B.-wax. 
See  Cephalot. 

Brainard's    Operations.      See    Operati 
Tabic  of. 

Bramah's  Apparatus.  An  apparatus  by 
which  water  may  be  charged  with  <  '<  •..  by 
the  continuous  method. 

Bramble  \bram'  -bl).      See  Rubus. 

Bran  [bran)  [MIL.,  bran"].  The  epidermis 
or  outer  covering  of  the  seeds  of  most 
cereals.  It  contains  woody  matter  35,  starch 
22,  albumin  and  gluten  13,  water  12.  gum 
8,  other  matter-,  including  a  small  amount 
of  silica.  10  per  cent.  it  contain-,  a 
diastatic  ferment  that  converts  the  starch 
into  dextrin.  B.  Bath.  See  Bath. 
B.  Tea,  a  decoction  of  bran,  used  in 
coutdi-. 


Inferior  Aspect  of  the  Brain. 
1.  Anterior  extremity  of  corpus  callosum.     2.  Optic  chiasm.    3.  Tuber 
cinereum  and  infundibulum.     4.  Corpora  albicantia,  or  mamillaria. 
5.  Pons  varolii.    6.  Third  nerve.    7.  Aqueduct  of  Sylvius.    8.  Testes. 

10.  Inferior  surface  of  frontal  lobe.     11.  Convolution  of  the  fissure  of 


Sylvius.  12.  Olfactory  nerve.  13.  Third  convolu- 
tion mi  inferior  surface  of  frontal  lobe.  14.  Fourth 
convolution.  15.  Third  convolution  ol  extei 
surface  of  frontal  lobe.  16.  External  border  ol 
•rior  lobe.  17.  Sphenoidal  extremity.  18.  Oc- 
cipital  extremity.  1  ..  Hippocampal  convolution. 
20.  External  convolution  of  posterior  lobe.  21. 
Middle  convolution.  22.  Internal  convolution.  23. 
Gyrus  fornicatus. 


\<  II 


::\\ 


r.Ki  \iii 


Branch  [Ml    .  .-].      A    name   Liiwn   to 

.  lymphatics, 
the  trunk  .>r  in. tin  Stem. 
Branchi.t-  ,  gills].      Thi 

Branchial  gills].      Pertaining 

B.  Archc  B.  Open- 

ing 
Branchiostc. 

.n.i- 
ills  and  branchial 

Branchireme  nus, 

i-immer].      In    biology,  a 

Branchu-  ss].    Hoarse- 

Brand  Bath.  B.  Method.  nt, 

Brandt's  Method.      -  B.'s 

Operation 
Bra:  B.    Nose.      See 

Bran-.  I  ,  a   kind   of    pillorj  ]. 

Branny  [ME.,         .■/.-].       Like     bran.       B. 

.'  'kite  Kidney,  </.  v.     B. 
Tetter      5 
Brasdor's  Operation.     S  rations,  Tab  I 

Brash  [D  v,  to  vomit].     A  '-(1111111011 

tting  almost  any  disorder  of  the  digestive 
eruption;  a  short  lit  of   illn 
B..  Water.     S  is. 

Brasilin  n    [  Ml.      .■-/.'].  C]6Hu05.  Brazilin, 

alter  round  in  Brazil-wood  and  nil- wood  ; 
it  1  :  .  shining  m  ind  dissolves 

trmin-red  □  exposure  to  the 

Bras--  '•'.  I  An  alloy  of  copperwith  25- 

:    zinc.     B. -Founder's  Ague.     See 

Brassica    1  |    [AS.,  brassica,   cabbage].     A 

.  Nat.  <  (rder,  Cruciferee,  including  the 

B.  acidulata,  sour  crout  (or  Sauer 

Kraut).      B.    asperifolia    esculenta,    the    common 

turnip.     B.  cauliflora    (or  florida),  the  cauliflower. 

B.  cumana  or  rubra,  thi  ge.     B.  napus, 

B.   nigra,  the   black   mustard.      B. 

satr.  ..  in  (  abb 

Brassidic  Acid  -  e    Xcid. 

Braun's    Canal  mal.     B.    Operation.      See 

B.    Test.     See    Te  ts,    Table 

Braune 

Braune's  Canal. 

Brawn  iun,  a  piece  of  flesh].     The 

muscles. 
Brawny  M  |  re  of  flesh]. 

B.  Induration,  pathologic  harden- 

Braxy  I.]       .\    i,.rm   applied  to  cer- 

u  sheep.     I  hi 
.    turnip; 
B.,  Red,  a  form  ol  mia  in  sheep 

in  which  th 

1       B., 
Turnip,  1  form  utrition  ilood  occur- 

unlimited  supply  of 
is  sudden  in 
■     ination. 

.    under 

of. 


Brayera  (bra-ye'-rah)  [Fr.,  brayer\.     Koosoo,  koosso, 
...    kousso,    cusso.     The    female   inflorescenci 
//.  a,  a  Dtaining  tannic  acid,  a  volatile 

oil  and  a  crystalline  principle,  Kou  n,  I  ,  1 1  ..•  >„,. 
In  large  doses  it  produces  nausea  and  emesis.  It  is 
valuable  mainly  as  an  anthelmintic  against  tapeworm. 
Dos  ,~  1 1  5ss,  in  infusion  "I  boiling  water.  B., 
Ext.,  Fid.,  d  isi    3  lj—  3  j .     Infusum  Cusso  |  B.  P.  |. 


1  lose 


w   ■.  1  1  ;  . 


Bread  {/•>-. d)  [Sax.,  bredan  to  nourish;  l.at.,  pants;  (Ir., 

A  mixture  of  flour  and  water  made  porous  by 

carbon  dioxid  and  then  baked.     The  flour  ma)  be  of 

wheat,  corn.  oat.  or  rye.       I  be  carbon  dioxid  may  be 

introduced    by    decomposing    an     alkaline       ail ate 

dium  or  potassium),  l>\  an  a<  id  ("cream  of  tartar"), 
or  bj  fermenting  the  starch  with  yeast.  B.,  Brown, 
a  kind  of  bread  made  from  a  mixture  of  Corn,  rye  and 
wheat  Hour.  B.,  Graham,  made  from  unbolted  wheat 
flour;  it  contains  more  gluten,  diastase  and  mineral 
phosphates  than  ordinary  bread.  B.,  White,  In 
made  from  bolted  wheaten  flour,  and  therefore  defi 
1  u  nt  in  diastase,  gluten  and  mineral  phosphates. 
(  xlier  kinds,  such  as  rye  (or  black  |,  com, bran,  barley, 
etc. ,  indicate  their  composition  by  their  name.  B.- 
jelly,  a  food  of  service  as  an  occasional  change  from 
mushes,  but  with  a  tendency  to  constipate  if  given 
freely.  It  is  prepared  by  pouring  boiling  watei  upon 
stale  bread  and  allowing  it  to  soak  for  an  hour.  The 
water  is  then  removed,  fresh  water  added,  and  the 
whole  boiled  until  a  thick  mas-  f<  .1  ms.  <  hi  pouring  off 
the  excess  of  water  and bug,  a  jelly-like  material  re- 
mains which  may  be  eaten  with  milk  or  sugar. 
B. -mould.  See  Ascophora.  B. -paste,  a  culture- 
medium  for  bacteria.  Stale,  coarse  bread  is  dried. 
ground  to  powder  and  made  into  a  paste  with  water. 
It  is  well  suited  for  the  growth  of  moulds. 

Break  {brdk)  [ME.,  breken,  to  break].  In  electricity, 
an  opening  in  the  circuit  of  a  battery.  SeeJIfahe.  In 
surgery,  a  fracture.  B.-bone  Fever.  See  Dengue. 
B.  Shock,  a  term  sometimes  employed  in  electro 
therapeutics  for  the  physiologic  shock  produced  on 
the  opening  or  breaking  of  an  electric  circuit. 

Breast  (//rest)  [ME.,  bn  f,  the  breast].  The  upper 
anterior  part  of  the  body  between  the  neck  and  abdo- 
men. Also,  the  mamma.  B.-bone.  See  Sternum. 
B.,  Broken,  abscess  of  the  mammary  gland.  B., 
Chicken,  Pectus  carinatum;  a  deformity  marked  by 
prominence  of  the  sternal  portion  of  the  chest.  B. 
Glass,  a  glass  receptacle  for  the  overflow  of  milk 
from  the  breast.  B.  Pang,  angina  pectoris.  Se< 
nocardia.  B.  Pump.  See  Antlia.  B.,  Pigeon.  Same 
as  B. ,  Chicken.  B.  Tea,  German,  a  mixture  of 
althea,  or  marshmallow,  eight  parts;  coltsfoot  have-., 
four  parts ;  liquorice,  three  parts;  anise  and  mullein 
leaves,  each  two  parts;  orris,  one  part  :  this  is  called 
also  specie  pectoralis. 

Breastweed.     Si  e  Saururus  cernuus. 

Breath  [breth)  [AS.,  bratfi\.  The  air  exhaled  from  the 
lungs,  h  has  lost  a  part  of  its  oxygen  and  gained  a 
tain  but  varying  amount  of  ammonia,  aqueous  vapoi 
and  carbon  dioxid  from  the  oxidation  of  the  waste 
matter  of  the  blood.  Also  applied  to  the  air  inspired. 
B.  Sounds,  the  respiratory  sounds  heard  upon 
auscultation.  In  the  healthy  chesl  three  varieties  of 
respiratory  sounds  may  bi  razed:    1.   Those  pro- 

duced in  the  glottis,  and  audible  over  the  lower  end 
of  the  trachea — tracheal  or  bronchial  breathing.  2. 
Those  produced  in  the  alveoli  and  audible  over  the 
lung — vesicular  breathing.  ;.  Those  audible  about 
the  root-  of  the  lungs,  combining  the  character  of  the 
two  preceding — broncho-vesicular  breathing.  A  'Table 
ith-Sound,  i-  given  on  the  next  page. 


BREATHING 


235 


BREGMATO  AN  I  ERU  iR 


TABLE  OF  BREATH-SOUNDS  IN  HEALTH  AND  DISEASE. 
tered  and  enlarged  from  J.    A".    / 


Varikty 

Whi 
1  Ieard. 

Condition- 

OF 

Period. 

Pitch. 

Quai.i  I  v. 

Interval 

Duration. 

Intensity. 

in    Willi  II 

III    \KI). 

Vi   i    V THING. 

Vesicular. 

i.   Inspira- 
tion. 

Low. 

Vesicular. 

None. 

Variable. 

the  lungs, 
in  health. 

In  health. 

2.    Expira- 

Lower. 

Blow  ing. 

Shorter  than  in- 

Faint or  ab- 

tion. 

spiration      or 
absent. 

sent. 

Bronchial. 

i.   Inspira- 
tion. 

High. 

Tracheal. 

Distinct. 

Variable. 

In  health,  over 
tin     seventh 

In  health; 
pul  monarv 

2.    Expira- 

11  igher. 

Tracheal. 

Equal    to    or 

ter. 

cervical  - 

tuberculo 

tion. 

longer    t  h  a  n 

In  </                     lobar    pneu- 

inspiration. 

consolidation 

monia,  large 

pleuritic 

e  ti 

i  b  or  a  c  i  c 

an  e  u  rysm, 

mediastinal 

tumors. 

Broncho- 

i.    Inspira- 

Higher   than 

More     or     less 

- 

Variable. 

In  health,  ant., 

In     h  ealt  h  ; 

vesicular. 

tion. 

in      vesicular 
breathing. 

tracheal. 

r      sternal 
portion  of  in- 

pneumonia, 
pn  lmonary 

2.    Expira- 

Higher    than 

More     or     less 

.   .   .   . 

About  equal  to 

Greater. 

fra-clavic. 

l  uberculo- 

tion. 

in      vesicular 
breathing. 

tracheal. 

inspiration. 

ion  ;  post., 
upper  part  oi 
inter-scapular 
region.     In 
disease,    over 
slight      con- 
solidation. 

sis. 

Amphoric. 

i.    Inspira- 
tion. 

Low. 

Hollow  and  me- 
tallic. 

Distinct. 

.... 

Variable. 

Over    a     laige 
cavilv      com- 

Pulmonary  tu- 
berculosis. 

2.    Expira- 

Lower. 

Both  characters 

Longer      t  h  a  n 

Greater. 

m  un  i  eating 

tion. 

more  marked. 

inspiration. 

\\  ith  an  open 
bronchus. 

Cavernous. 

i.    Inspira- 
tion. 

Low. 

Blowing   and 
hollow. 

Distinct. 

Variable. 

Over    a    cavitj 
l  muni  eat- 

Pulmonary 

tuberculo- 

2.   Expira- 

Lower. 

Both  charai  ters 

Longer      than 

Greater. 

ing     wall     an 

sis. 

tion. 

more  marked. 

inspiration. 

open      bron- 
chus. 

Tubular. 

i.   Inspira- 

Higher   than 

Larvngeal       or 

Distinct. 

.    .    .    . 

Variable. 

Over    consolid- 

Lobar    pneu- 

tion. 

in      bronchial 
breathing. 

whiffing. 

ated  areas. 

monia,  pul- 
monary   tu- 

2.   Expira- 

Higher. 

Larvngeal       cr 

Equal     to    or 

Greater. 

berculosis. 

tion. 

whiffing. 

longer    than 
inspiration. 

Breathing  (bretk'-ing)  [AS. ,  breetk~\.  See  Respiration. 
B.,  Abdominal,  breathing  in  which  the  abdominal 
walls  move  decidedly  and  in  which  the  diaphragm  is 
actively  engaged.  B.,  Diminished,  is  the  reverse  of 
/>'.  Exaggerated.  The  normal  breath-sound  is  present, 
but  its  intensity  is  much  diminished.  It  is  very  fre- 
quently heard  at  the  apex  in  the  early  stage  of  pulmo- 
nary tuberculosis.  B.,  Exaggerated,  is  the  normal 
•breath  sound  of  children,  but  when  occurring  in 
adults,  it  indicates  a  compensatory  action  of  one  part 
of  the  lungs  for  deficient  action  elsewhere.  It  is  an 
exaggerated  degree  of  the  normal  vesicular  breathing. 
B.,  Interrupted,  Wavy  or  Cogwheel,  a  broken  or 
interrupted  inspiratory  sound  produced  by  nervous- 
ness, irregular  contraction  of  the  muscles  of  respira- 
tion, or  irregular  expansion  of  the  lung  from  disease. 
B.,  Mouth,  habitual  respiration  through  the  mouth. 
B.,  Puerile.  See  B.,  Exaggerated.  B.,  Suppressed, 
entire  absence  of  breath  sounds,  as  in  pleuritic  effu- 
sion and  certain  solid  conditions  of  the  lung-  B., 
Thoracic,  respiration  in  which  the  thoracic  walls  are 
actively  moved. 

Bredsore  [bred'-sor)  [Vulgar],  A  sore  coming  with- 
out any  visible  cause;  a  whitlow;  also  called 
Breeder. 

Breech  (brech)  [ME.,  breech'].  The  buttocks.  B. 
Position.     See  Fetus,  Position  of. 


Breeches  Splint.  A  splint  that  surrounds  the  leg ; 
oftenest  made  of  woven  wire. 

Breed  (bred)  [AS.,  bridan,  to  nourish].  To  beget, 
produce  ;   to  nurse  ;  to  develop. 

Breeder  (brid/-er).      See  Bredsore. 

Breeding-season  [bref-ding  se/-zun)  [AS.,  /'redan,  to 
nourish].  The  period  during  which  certain  species 
of  animals,  especially  the  lower  forms  of  vertebrates, 
beget  and  rear  their  young. 

Breeze  (brSz).     See  Head-breeze  and  Static-brei 

Brefeld  and  Nagele's  Method.  See  Fractional  Cul- 
tivation. 

Bregenin  [breg'-en-iri)  [Low  Ger.,  bregen,  brain], 
<')n||  _\i>.  A  name  given  by  Thudichum  to  a  vis- 
cous principle,  soluble  in  and  crystallizable  from 
alcohol,  by  means  of  which  it  has  been  extracted  from 
brain-tissue.  It  i-  fusible  like  a  fat,  but  is  miscible 
with  water. 

Bregma  {breg'-mah)  [  Ipt)  un,  the  sinciput  :  pi.,  Breg- 
mata\  A  term  applied  to  the  anterior  fontanelle. 
See  Craniometric  Points. 

Bregmatic  (breg-maf -ik)  [(ipiyfia,  the  sinciput].  Re- 
lating to  a  bregma. 

Bregmato-anterior  [bregf-mat-o-an-t  ;.""• 

the  sinciput  ;  anterius,  front].  Having  the  bregma  in 
the  anterior  portion  of  the  mother's  pelvis;  applied 
to  the  presentation  in  labor. 


BREGM  \  P  M  OTY1  "II» 


Bregmato-cotyloid 

the  sinciput  :">  ]      ^  'tu 

ibu- 

luir. 

BrcgmatodyriK.i  •    the 

vin].      1 1  i.itti-  union  of  twins  b) 

the 

Bregmato-lambdoid  Arc 

Bregmato  posterior 

|       Having     the 
ther's   pelvis;    a 

Bremen  \  '  'ermany.   B. 

Blue  •  under  Pigtnent. 

B.  Green,     a  ■  under  . 

Bremond's  Method. 

Brenner's    Formula.      ["he    feeble    tone  heard    when 

i    galvanic  stimulation  of   the 
ponds  with  the  reson- 

■  !  the  sound  conducting  appar- 

Brenzcatechinsulphuric     Acid  kat-e-kin-sul- 

- 

Brephalu  ,  the  nev   born  babe  or 

In    biology,    applied    to  the    young   of    a 

it    quits   the    ovum,   in  whatever 

-  substitute  for  larva. 

Brephopolysarcia  '-kc-ah)    \JipkQog,  an 

.  flesh].     Excess  of  il  sh 

in  an  infant 

Brephotrophium  V-uni)     [/3/jc0oc,    infant; 

to  nourish].     An  infant  asylum;  a  foundling- 

ital. 

Breschet.  Canals  of.     See  Canal.     B.,  Sinus  of,  the 

Sinus.    B.'s  Veins.    See 

Bresgen's  Formulae.     Silver  nitrate  powders  of  vary- 
ths,    with    powdered    starch,    for    use    in 
rhii; 
Breslau   Fever.     See  Fever.     B.  Test.     See  Birth. 
Breve  extensor  digitorum  t-eks-ten' '-sor  dig-it-o' '- 

I ..].      The   extensor   brevis   digitorum. 
.1/. 
Brevicaudate  lot)   [brevis,  short ;  cauda, 

II.     In  !  >hort-tailed. 

Breviductor  I    [I.].        The    adductor 

the  thigh.     See  Ma    />  r,  Tabl 
Breviflexor  ['-]•       Any  short,  fl 

Brevifoliate  .  short;  folium,  a 

■  leaved. 

Brevilinguai  hort;  lingua, 

I.     In  bi  tongued. 

Brevipe  I  pes,  a  foot].     In 

Brevipc:  hort;  penna,  a  wing]. 

Brevirostrate  at    [I         .short;  rostrum, 

Brevissimus  ocu,  '-u-li)  [L.].    The 

bliquus  inferior. 

Brewcke's  Test. 

Bnancon  Manna  A    kind   of 

■i  Ian  h-tri 
Bribosia's  Operation. 
Brick-Dust  Deposit  \         riti- 

Bricklayers'    Itc  I        m      d 

irri' 


BRIGH  r'S  DIS]   \-l 

Brick-makers' Anemia.     Si  vlostomia 

Bridge  (brij)  [Ml    .  ].      i.   The  upper  ridge  of  the 

nose  formed  l>\  the  union  of  the  two  nasal  bones.  -. 
In  electricity,  an  apparatus  for  measuring  the  resist 
.■I  a  conductor.  B.  Coloboma.  See  Coloboma. 
B.,  Herpetic,  a  term  for  Fascicular  Keratitis,  q.  v, 
B.  of  Nose,  the  prominent  ridge  formed  b)  the 
nasal  hone-.  B.  of  Varolius,  the  pons  Varolii. 
B.-Work,  in  dentistry,  the  adaptation  of  artificial 
crown-  of  teeth  to  and  over  spaces  made  bj  the  loss  ol 
natural  teeth,  by  connecting  such  crowns  to  natural 
teeth  or  roots  for  anchorage  by  mean-  of  a  bridge,  and 
thereby  dispensing  with  plates  covering  more  oi  \< 
the  roof  of  the  mouth  and  the  alveolar  ridge. 

Bridle   {bri'-dl)    [ME.,  bridel\      I.    A   Frenum, 
2.   A  hand  or  filament  stretching  at  ross  the  lumen  of  a 
passage,  or  from  side  to   side  oi   an  ulcer,  scar,  or  ab 
scess.     B.  Stricture,  a  stricture  due  to  the  presence 
of  a  bridle  traversing  the  caliber  of  tin-  urethra. 

Brieger,  Bacillus  of.  See  Bacteria,  Synonymatic 
Tabic  of.  B.'s  Method,  a  method  of  separating 
ptomaines  from  a  putrefying  mass. 

Briggs's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Tabic  of. 

Brightic  [brtf-ik)  [Bright,  an  English  physician],  A 
person  suffering  from  Blight's  disease. 

Bright's  Disease  (brits  dis-lzf')  [Bright,  an  English 
physician].  A  name  formerly  incorrectly  used  as  a 
synonym  of  albuminuria,  and  at  present  covering 
several  forms  of  disease  of  the  kidney  associated  with 
albumin  in  the  urine.  It  may  be  acute  {acute  parenchy- 
matous nephritis)  or  chronic  I  which  includes  chronic 
parenchymatous  nephritis,  granular  contraction  of  the 
kidn  vs,  and  albuminoia  ation  of  the  kidn 

Bright's  disease  is  considered  by  Fothergill  as 
a  secondary  condition  arising  from  a  tendency  to- 
ward the  reversion  to  that  preanthropic  type  in  which 
the  liver  performed  the  additional  office  of  excreting 
uric  acid.  Acute  Bright's  Disease  is  sudden  in  its 
onset,  and  is  associated  with  chills,  headache,  hack- 
ache,  vomiting,  ami  edema,  especially  marked  in  the 
eyelids  and  the  cheeks.  The  urine  is  scanty  or  even 
Suppressed,  of  a  dark,  smoky  hue,  and  contain-  a  large 
amount  of  albumin,  and  Mood.  Microscopically,  bli 
corpuscles,  renal  epithelium,  debris,  and  hyalin,  epi 
thelial,  and  blood-casts  are  found,  and  occasionally, 
also,  granular  casts.  <  ><  ca-ionally  the  glomeruli  of  the 
kidney  are  the  seal  of  tin-  most  marked  change-,  an. I 
to  this  condition  the  term  "glomerulo-nephritis,"  has 
been  given.  The  most  frequent  cause  of  acute 
Bright's  disease  i-  exposure  to  cold.  It  is  often  a  coin 
plication  of  the  specific  fevers,  especially  scarlet  fever, 
heath  frequentl)  results  from  uremia  or  cardiac  failure, 
or  the  disease  may  assume  a  i  hronic  form.  Chronic 
Bright's  Disease   embi  has  been  said,  three 

distinct  diseases  of   the  kidney.      Chronic  parenchy- 
matous    nephritis,    usually    following    an     acute     at- 
tack,   is   also    known    a-    chronic   tubal  and  chronic 
quamative  nephritis,  and   from   it-  size  and  pallor, 
the    kidney  resulting   from    the    disease   is  called   the 
''large  white  kidney,"       The  capsule  peels  off  readily 
and     have-    a    smooth   or   very    slightly   granular    sur 
face.     The  tubules  are  most  involved  in  the  change; 
they   are   enlarged   and    distended    with    proliferated 
and   swollen  epithelial  cells.       Thei 
ening  of  the  interstitial  tissue,  as  a  rule.     This  large 
kidney   is    prone   to   undergo  degenerative   chan 
the   protoplasm   of  the    cells    in    the    tubules    bn 
ing  down    into    an   amorphous   debris.      The    kidi 
shrinks,  and  :it  the  same  time  undergoes  an  increase  in 
the  interstitial    tissue,  forming  what   is  known  as  the 
"    mall  white  kidney."      Granular  contraction  of  the 
kidney  i-  also   known  a-  chronic   interstitial  nephritis, 


BRILLIANT 


237 


l:k<  i.MAMIIi 


and    the   kidney    resulting    is  called  the  "  small  red 
granular    kidney"    the     "  red   contra  ted    kidn 
and   at    times  the    "  gouty  kidney"  ox  the    "  arterio- 
sclerotic kidney '."     This    kidne)    i-   usually    much  di 
minished   in   size   and   weight;    the  capsule  is  greatly 
thickened  and  adherent,  so  thai  it  <  annul   be  r<  mi 
withoul   tearing   the    kidnej  tissue.      The    renal   sub- 
stano    is  reddish,  granular,  with  small  ind  firm 

on  section.  Microscopically,  there  is  found  a  great 
increase  in  the  interstitial  dssue,  reducing  the  caliber 
of  the  tubules.  This  excess  of  fibrous  dssue  has  given 
origin  to  the  name  "  cirrhotic  kidney"  and  this  form  of 
Bright'.-,  disease  i-  frequently  associated  with  gout, 
syphilis,  chronic  lead  poisoning,  or  alcoholic  excess. 
Albuminoid  degeneration  of  the  kidneys  is  also  known 
as  the  amyloid,  waxy,  or  lardaceous  kidney.  This 
kidney  is  enlarged  and  quite  pale;  its  consistence  is 
firm,  and  the  section  has  a  peculiar,  glistening,  bacon- 
like appearance.  The  glomeruli  stand  out  as  bright 
points  upon  the  surface ;  the  capsule  peels  off  easily 
and  leave  a  smooth  surface,  lodin  applied  to  the 
surface  of  the  section  turns  the  diseased  portions  a 
mahogany-brown  color.  The  change  in  this  di>easeis 
most  marked  in  the  glomeruli  and  the  blood-vess<  1 
walls,  but  may  be  found  elsewhere  ;  it  is  most  fre- 
quently due  to  prolonged  suppuration,  hone  and  joint 
disease,  tuberculosis,  syphilis,  malaria,  and  mercurial 
poisoning.  The  onset  of  chronic  Bright's  disease  is 
usually  insidious,  and  may  only  be  indicated  by  slight 
puffiness  of  the  eyelids  or  the  ankles,  shortness  of 
breath,  dull  and  persistent  headache,  disorder  of  vision 
and  hebetude.  The  pulse  is  one  of  high  arterial  ten- 
sion, and  there  is  hypertrophy  of  the  left  ventricle  of 
the  heart,  especially  in  the  case  of  the  contracted 
kidney;  there  is  frequent  micturition,  progressive 
anemia,  dryness  of  the  skin,  indigestion,  and  a  ten- 
dency to  uremia.  The  urine  i-  always  scanty  with  the 
large  white  kidney,  but  abundant  with  the  other  forms 
of  the  disease.  The  specific  gravity  and  the  reaction 
vary  ;  occasionally  there  may  be  present  a  small 
quantity  of  blood,  and  albumin  is  always  present  at 
some  period  in  chronic  Bright's  disease.  The  quantity 
of  albumin  is  very  large  in  the  large  white  and  amy- 
loid kidneys  ;  very  slight  in  the  contracted  form.  Mi- 
croscopically, the  urine  contains  renal  epithelium, 
granular  and  fatty  matter,  and  tube-casts.  The  latter 
are  most  plentiful  in  the  large  white  kidney,  but  are 
never  so  numerous  as  in  acute  nephritis ;  they  are 
granular,  fattv,  and  hyaline  in  nature.  A  frequent 
symptom  of  chronic  Bright's  disease  is  the  so-called 
"  albuminuric retinitis"  in  which  condition  there  are 
ecchymoses  of  the  retina,  together  with  white  glisten- 
ing spots,  most  numerous  near  the  macula  lutea,  and 
frequently  arranged  in  lines  like  the  radiations  from 
a  star.  This  i-,  diagnostic  of  chronic  renal  disease. 
The  prognosis  of  chronic  Bright's  disease  is  bad,  death 
eventuallv  resulting  from  uremia  or  apoplexy. 

Brilliant  [bril'-yant)  [Fr.].  Bright,  glittering.  B. 
Green.  See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  B.  Yellow. 
See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Brim  [brim)  [ME.,  brim].  An  edge  or  margin.  B.  of 
Pelvis.     See  Pelvis. 

Brimstone  [brim'-stbn).     See  Sulphur. 

Brine  Test.     See  Tests,   Tabl 

Brinton's  Operation.     See  Operations,   Table  of. 

Briquet's  Ataxia.     See  Ataxia,  and  Diseases,  Table  of . 

Briquettes  {brik-e*zf        See  Pitch. 

Brise-coque  [brez'-kok)  [Fr.,  "shell-breaker"].  An 
instrument  for  crushing  the  shell  of  a  calculus  after  its 
inner  part  has  been  pulverized. 

Brisement  (briz-mon(g)' )  [Fr.].  A  crushing;  the 
forcible  breaking  up  of  an  ankylosis. 


Brise-pierre     [bn  [Fr.,    "  isher"]. 

An  old  form  < if  lithi »trite. 
Bristle    [bris'-l)    [ME.,  brisleT].      In    biology,  a  stiff, 
coarse  hair  on    certain    animals    and    plants.      A 

ther.      B.-cell,  any  one  of  the  ciliated  cell-  ai 
terminations  of  the  auditory  nerve-filaments.   B.,  Den- 
tist's.     See   A  <  nil    Hi  i 
British  [brit'-ish)   [1...  Brilanni,\ht    original    inhabit- 
ants of  Britain].     Of  or  pertaining  to  Greal    Britain. 
B.     Gum.       Si  trin,      B.    Oil.     a      mixture 

of    petroleum,    Barbadoes    tar.  oil  of  amber,    oil   ol 
juniper,  oil  of  turpentine  and  linseed  oil  ;  it  is  prized 
a-  a  di  'in'  -in   remi  dy.      I  oof. 
Broach,     'Watchmaker's       {brooch  ).      A     I 

1    instrument  used   by  dentists   t"i    enlarging   the 
canal     in   the    root,    and    the   opening   into   a    decayed 
cavity  in  the  crown  ol   a  tooth. 
Broad  (/'re*/ )    [ME.,  brood"].     Wide;    extensive.      B. 
Land    Irrigation.     See    Sewage,    Disposal  of.     B.- 
leafed  Laurel.     See  Kalmia.     B.  Ligament. 
/     anient.      B.    Tapeworm.      See    Bothrt 
latus. 
Broca,  "Grand  Lobe    Limbique  "  of.     The  cortical 
cerebral  convolution  formed  by  the  continuation  of  the 
gyrus   hippocampi   with   the  gyrus  fornicatus.     This  ■ 
should  not  be  confused   with   "  Broca's  I  onvolution," 
i.  e.,  the  third  left  frontal. 
Broca's  Angles.     See  Angle.     B.  Aphasia. 

eases,  Table  of.  B.  Area,  the  speech-center  of  the 
frontal  convolution.  B.  Auricular  Point,  the  cen- 
ter of    the    external    auditory  meatus.       B.    Center. 

( '  //A  r.      B.  Convolution.      See   I  onvi  lut 
Table  of.    B.  Fissure.     See  Fi  sures,  J  able  of.      B. 
Plane,  the    alveolo-condyloid plane.       A   line  passing 
from  the  alveolar  process  of  the  superior  maxilla  and 
through   the  lowest  part   (condyles)    of    the   occipital 
bone,  the  shaven   head   being   so  placed  that  thjs  line 
shall    be    horizontal.      This    is    employed    in    crai 
cerebral  topography.     B.  Speech-center,  the  folded 
part  of  the  base  of  the  third  frontal  gyrus. 
Brochus  [bro'-kus)  [L.].      A  person  whose  teeth  pro- 
ject, or  one  who  has  a  prominent  upper  lip. 
Brocq's    Pomade.     A   pomade   u^ed  in   lupus  erythe- 
matosus.     It    consists   of    salicylic    and    lactic    acid-. 
each  ^  ss  !  resorcin,  grs.  xiv  ;   oxid  of  zinc,  5  ij  ;  pure 
vaselin,  3  xvij. 
Brodie's  Disease.    Same  as  Brodie's  Knee.     B.  Knee. 

See  Diseases,  Table  of. 
Brokaw  Ring  [brokf-aw  ring).      A  ring  used  in  intes- 
tinal anastomosis,  made  of  segments  of  rubber  drain- 
age-tubing and  threaded  with  catgut  strand-. 
Broken  (bro'-ken)   [AS.,&   cen,  to  break],    [nsurgery, 
fractured,    a-    a    bone.       B.    Breast,  abscess  of   the 
mammary  gland.     B.  Wind,  B. -winded,  in  farrier)  . 
a  term  applied  to  a  condition  of  heart-strain  following 
severe    muscular    effort.      It   is   characterized   by   par- 
oxysms of  cardiac  dyspnea.      See  Heaves.      B.-wing 
Fever.     Synonym  of  Dengue. 
Bromal     (brof-mal)     [ffpufiog,    a    stench;     aldehyd], 
CBrs.CHO.     Tribromaldehyd,  analogous  to    chloral. 
It   i-   produced   by   the   action  of  bromin   on   alcohol. 
It  is  a  colorless,  oily  fluid,  of  a  penetrating  odor,  and 
sharp  burning  taste,'  boiling  at  I72°-I73°;  it  has  been 
used  in  medicine,  having  properties  similar  to  those  of 
chloral.     B.  Hydrate,  CBr„.CHO  4-  II,<  >.  a  flui 
oily  consistence,  having  a  structure  similar  to  thai  ol 
chloral  hydrate,  but  more  irritating  and   narcotic  than 
the  latter.      It   is   used  as   a  hypnotic  and  in  epilepsy. 
1  »ose  gr.  j-v.      Unof. 
Bromamid   [bror -mam-id)   \  >   -tench;  amid]. 

A   bmmin   compound   of    the   anilid  group    with  the 
formula,  (  ,!  I  ,Br  N  1 1 .  1  I  Br.      It  contain-  75  per   cent. 


BRi  (MANIL 


BRON<  Mil ■«    I  ASIS 


of  bromin,  ami  is  much  u  antipyretic,  in  i 

1 5  - 
Bromanil  '"]. 

tund  obtained   b)   heating  phenol 
with  l>i  n  in  water.      It  i  I  golden- 

■r  thick  plates  that  melt  and 

Bromated  Antifebrin 

Bromatography  |  food; 

gj.     A   description   of   <>r  treatise  on 

Bromatology 

1  he  - 
Bromethv.  S  mid. 

Bromid.  or  Bromide  or  -mid)    [ 

I  bromin;  those  oi    calcium, 
um,  and  sodium  arc  the  ones 
.  in  medicim        I  hey  alia)  nervous  ex< 

largely  employed 

B.  of  Ethyl.    See  Hydrobromic  Ether. 

Bromidia  a    stench].       An 

American     nostrum    containing    in    each    fluid    dram 

chloral  hydi  -nun  bromid,  each  L,rr.  15,  ex- 

and  extract  of  hyoscyamus, 
half.      1  »ose   5J. 
Bromidrosiphobia         -mid-ros-e-fo1 '-be-aft)   [jfyu/* 

I       Insane  dread  of 
il  smells,  with  hallucinations  as  to  the 
i   them. 
Bromidrosis  .a  stench  ;    11 

1  1  -■ ..    1   »is;  an  affection  of  the  sweat-glands 

in  which  tin   sweat  has  an  offensive  odor.      It  is  usu- 

ith chronic  local  hyperidrosis, especially 

The  odor  i>  due  to  a  specific  decomposi- 

t  from  the  presence  of  the  bacterium 

Brorr.idum   bro* '-mid-urn)  [ipu/iog,  a  stench].   Bromid  ; 

■  of  bromin. 

Bnmin,  Bromine,  or  Bromum  {bro-min,  or  -muni) 

nch].      Mr      80;  quantivalence   1.     A 

mi  liquid,  which,  at  ordinary  temperatures, 

iting  vapor.     In  its  elementary 

very  active  escharotic,  and   internally  a 

It    is   used  by  inhalation   and   as   an 

gtt.  ij,  largely  diluted.      The  salts 

and  cardiac  depressants,  and 

ghly  valui  I    ■    salts  of  the  alkaline 

tmonly    used.     They  are 
I  spinal  also  alterative,  anti- 

hypnotic.      Ammonii     bromidum, 
NH4Br,  Is.     Dose    gr.    v-xx,    Auri 

bromidum.  \urum.     Calcii  bromidum, 

,i        Dose    gr.    v-jjj. 
thyl  bromid,  l  ,HjBr,  useful  in  spasmodic  coug 

-         Ethylene   bromid.     See    Ethylene. 
Ferri    bromidi,  Syr.,  contains   ten   per  cent,    of  the 
3  Lithii  bromidum,  l.il'.r,  granular 

r.    v-xx.       Nickel    bro- 
midum-    ~  Potassii  bromidum,    KBr, 

v-  3 j.      Sodii 
bromidum,    NaBr,  i-ds. 

-        Zinci  bromidum.  ZnBr2,  granular, 
jr.    '  ,-ij. 
ninism,      Bromism 

tain     peculiar   phenomena 
administration     of   the 
;   m     ire  heada 
co'  eart's 

the    soft 

in,  and  a  peculiar 
en'  rid  most 


constant  symptoms.       There  i>  also  anorexia  with    less 

of  sexual  power  and  atroph)    ol  the  testes  or  mam- 
mae.     The  patient  may  become  almost  imbecile. 

Bromo-Caffein  [bro-mo-kaf -e-in)  [bromin;  caffein\. 
A  proprietary  effervescing  preparation  containing  cai 
fein.      li  1-  used  for  the  relief  oi   headaches. 

Bromochloralum     [bro-mo-klo-raV -uni)     [(JpStfwg, 
stench;  chloral"].     A  proprietarj  antiseptic  and  disin 
fecting  compound,  containing  the  bromid  and   chlorid 
of  aluminum. 

Bromoform  [bro* -mo-form)  \fipofiog,  a  stench;  forma. 
form],  CHBr„.  A  bromid  having  a  structure  like 
that  of  1  hlorofonn,  CHC1S;  it  i-  an  active  anesthetii 
It-  useis  not  followed  by  vomiting.  It  causes  irrita- 
tion of  the  conjunctiva  an<l  respiratory  organs,  li  is 
used  in  whooping  cough  in  doses  ofgtt.  ij— v  in  a  mix- 
ture of  wine  and  water.       Unof. 

Bromography  [bro-mog* -ra-fe) .     Same    as   Broma 
raphy. 

Bromoiodism  [bro-mo-i' '-o-dism)  [Bromism;  iodisml. 
Poisoning  1>\  bromin  and  iodin  compounds  together. 

Bromol  {bro'-mol ),  ( 't;l  I..  I  li  .<  )l  I.   Tribromophenol ;  an 
antiseptic  substance  used  in  the  fOrmoi  a  powder,  solu- 
tion (1 :  30  olive  oil),  or  ointment  1 1 :  10).    Internally 
it  is  used  in  cholera  infantum  and  typhoid  fever.     I 
gr.   fo-%.      Unof. 

Bronchadenitis  {brongk-ad-en-i' '-tis)  [  >i>"-/xin,  tne 
bronchial  tubes;  adqv,  gland;  trig,  inflammation]. 
Inflammation  of  the  bronchial  Iymphati<  glands. 

Bronchaphrosia  [brongk-af-ro' -ze-aft)  [/ip6]  \ta,  bron- 
chial tubes;  a$p6q,  loam].  Obstruction  due  to  the 
presence  of  froth  in  the  bronchioles. 

Bronchi  [brong'-kt)  [  -t/ioyxoc,  the  windpipe].  The 
two  tubes  into  which  the  trachea  divides  opposite  tin- 
third  dorsal  vertebra,  called  respectively  the  right  and 
the  left  bronchus. 

Bronchia  (bron gf-ke-aft)  \  \p6]  roc,  the  windpipe].  The 
bronchial  tubes,  especially  those  that  are  smaller  than 
the  two  bronchi. 

Bronchial  [prong* -ke-al)  [  fyoy;t0C\  the  windpipe]. 
Relating  to  the  bronchi  or  to  their  branches,  or  to  the 
smaller  air-passages  in  the  lungs.  B.  Arteries, 
branches  of  the  thoracic  aorta,  three  or  four  in  num- 
ber. They  are  the  nutrient  vessels  of  the  lung-.  See 
Arteries,  Table  of .  B.  Catarrh,  the  simplest  form  of 
acute  inflammation  of  the  bronchi.  It  is  the  so  called 
"  cold  on  the  chest.''''  The  feeling  of  oppression  and 
constriction,  with  slight  mucous  discharge,  is  due  to 
hyperemia  and  swelling  oi  the  mucous  membrane  of 
the  larger  bronchi.  B.  Fluke.  See  Distoma  ringeri. 
B.  Glands,  the  chain  of  glands  running  beside  the 
bronchi.  They  frequent!)  undergo  pathologic  enlarge- 
ment and  give  rise  to  a  group  of  symptoms — cough, 
pain,  spasmodic  dyspnea,  dysphagia,  and  change  in 
the  voice.  The  enlargement  is  usually  tuberculous  in 
nature. 

Bronchiectasis  [brong-ke-ek' -tas-is)  [  i';>",  i-»,  the 
windpipe  ;  enroots,  dilatation].  A  term  denoting  the 
dilatation  or  relaxation  of  tne  walls  of  the  bronchi, 
arising  from  inflammation  and  other  causes.  It  is 
very  rare  as  a  primary  condition,  but  i--  frequently 
associated  with  some  chronic  pulmonary  disease.  It 
occurs  mosl  frequently  in  pulmonary  tuberculosis  at  the 
apex  of  the  lung,  but  is  also  frequently  seen  in  the 
bronchi  at  the  base  of  the  lung.  It  may  involve  a 
tube  uniforml)  for  some  distant  e,  producing  the  cylin- 
drical form;  or  it  ma)  occui  irregularly  in  sac-  or 
kets,  the  sacculated  form.  If  the  whole  lung  be 
involved  in  the  change  we  have  produced  the  so-called 
turtle  lung.     The    chai  symptom    of    bron- 

chiectasis i>  paroxysmal  coughing,  with  the  expectora- 
tion of  large  quantities  oi   muco  purulent,  often  fetid, 


BRONCHIOCELE 


239 


BR<  >N<  III  S 


matter.     Cavernous  breathing  will  be  heard  over  the 
dilated  tubes. 

Bronchiocele  [brong'-ke-o  ></ )    \pronchiolus,  a  littli 
passage;  /»///'/,  tumor],   A  swelling  or  dilatation  ol  a 
l>i<  mchiole. 

Bronchiole  [brong,-ke-ol)  [dim.  of  bronchus!.  <  »tu- 
of  the  smallest  subdivisions  of  the  bronchi. 

Bronchiolitis  [iron  ke  o-li'-tis)  [bronchiolus,  a  little 
bronchus;   mg,  inflammation j.      Inflammation  of  the 

bronchioles.     B.  exudativa,  an   inflammal of  the 

bronchioles,  with  exudation.    Curschmann's  theorj  of 
the  production  of  bronchial  asthma. 

Bronchostenosis  (  brong-ke-o-ste  no'  \  [  ip6]  v.. 
the  windpipe  ;  art  i>6\  .  narrow].  Contraction  of  a 
bronchus  or  of  any  one  or  more  of  the  bronchial 
tubes. 

Bronchitic  {brong-kit' -ik)  [(3p6yxog,  the  windpipe]. 
Relating  to,  of  the  nature  of,  or  affected  with,  bronchitis. 

Bronchitis [brong-ki'  tis)  [  '■■>",  i"<,  the  windpipe  ;  iriq, 
inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane that  lines  the  bronchial  tubes.  It  is  usually 
attended  with  soreness,  cough,  alteration  of  the  voice, 
and  febrile  symptoms.  B.,  Acute,  a  severe  form  of 
simple  bronchial  catarrh.  It  is  the  initiatory  stage  of 
the  other  forms  of  the  disease,  and  is  usually  the  re- 
sult of  a  chill,  though  it  may  be  associated  with  some 
other  disease,  as  the  exanthemata,  and  affections  of  the 
kidney  and  heart.  Sibilant  and  sonorous  rhonchi 
and  bubbling  rales  may  be  heard  on  auscultation. 
B.,  Acute  Capillary,  a  variety  in  which  there  is 
an  involvement  of  the  minute  tubes  of  the  lung.  It 
is  most  frequently  met  with  in  children,  usually  secon- 
darily to  other  diseases  of  the  lung  or  other  organs. 
The  symptoms  are  urgent — dyspnea,  short,  irritating 
cough,  nervous  depression,  and  excited  action  of  the 
heart.  Collapse  of  portions  of  the  lung  frequently 
occurs,  and  the  patient  may  die  of  asphyxia  and  ex- 
treme exhaustion.  B.,  Catarrhal,,  a  form  attended 
with  profuse  muco-purulent  discharges.  B.,  Chronic, 
a  form  occurring  either  as  an  independent  disease  or  as 
the  result  of  repeated  attacks  of  the  acute  variety.  It 
is  generally  associated  with  organic  changes  in  the 
lungs  and  other  organs,  such  as  emphysema,  bronchiec- 
tasis, pulmonary  tuberculosis  and  pleurisy.  Occurring 
in  old  people,  it  produces  the  well-known  "  winter 
cough  "  of  the  aged.  B.,  Croupous,  Fibrinous,  or 
Plastic,  a  rare  variety  attended  with  the  expectora- 
tion of  casts  of  the  bronchial  tubes,  after  a  paroxysm 
of  dyspnea  and  violent  coughing.  The  casts  are 
fibrinous  in  nature,  hollow,  yellowish-white,  and 
vary  from  one  to  seven  inches  in  length.  This 
form  of  bronchitis  is  usually  seen  in  males,  and  be- 
tween the  ages  of  ten  and  thirty.  B.,  Mechanical, 
or  Potter's,  a  form  caused  by  the  inhalation  of  dust, 
etc.  B.,  Potter's.  See  B.,  Mechanical.  B.,  Putrid, 
or  Fetid,  a  variety  of  chronic  bronchitis  characterized 
by  the  discharge  of  a  copious,  half-liquid,  extremely 
offensive  sputum.  The  peculiar  odor  is  thought  to  be 
due  to  a  microorganism,  especially  to  a  short,  slightly- 
curved  bacillus  docribed  by  Lumnitzer.  B.,  Sum- 
mer.    Synonymous  with  Hay  Fever,  </.  v. 

Bronchlemmitis  i  brong- klem-if  -tis)  [^pd}X°i,  the  wind- 
pipe ;    '/hi im,a.  skin].      Croupous  bronchitis. 

Bronchosegophony  [brong- ko-e-goff '  -o-ne).  See  Bron- 
choegophony. 

Bronchocele  [brong/-ko-sel,  or  -St-'-Ir)  [,3/jo;  \u<,,  the 
windpipe  ;   ki'/'/i/,  a  tumor].      See  Goiter. 

Bronchocephalitis  [prong-ko-sef-al-i'  -tis).  Synonym 
of   /  /  'hooping-cough . 

Bronchoegophony     [brong- ko-e-goff3 '-o-ne)     [ 

the    windpipe;    alg,  a    goat;    ot.inj.  a   voice,  sound]. 
Bronchophony  combined  with  egophony. 


Broncholemmitis  [brong- ko-lem-i' -tis).  See  Bron  h- 
lemmitt  . 

Broncholith   [prong* '-ko-lith)    [_(3()6yxo£,  the   wind] 
//"or,  a  stone].     A  calculus  ort:on<  r<  tion  formi  d  in  a 
bronchia!  tube. 

Bronchomycosis  r-ko-mi-ko/-sis)     \  .  the 

windpipe;   uvtaiq,  a  fungus].     Thegrowthoi  presence 
of  fungi  in  a  bronchial  tube. 

Bronchopathy  [brong-kop' -a-the)  [>>'/;  roc,  the  wind- 
pipe; rradog,  disease].  Any  disease  of  the  air- 
passages. 

Bronchophonic  [bron  n'-ik)  [ 3p  the   wind 

pipe;  (pur  i/,  a  voice].      Relating  to  bronchophony. 

Bronchophony  [brong-koff'-o-ne)    [  ;,  the   wind- 

pipe ;  ou/7;,  the  voice].  The  resonance  of  the  voice 
within  the  bronchi  as  beard  through  the  stethoscope. 
It  is  normally  present  over  the  lower  cervical  spi 
in  the  upper  inter-scapular  region,  and  over  the  sternal 
portion  of  the  infra-clavicular  regions.  B.,  Whis- 
pered, bronchophony  elicited  by  causing  the  patient 
to  whisper. 

Bronchophthisis  [brong-ko-thV -sis)  [  V";  !'"•  the 
windpipe;  (pdiaiQ,  a  wasting].  Pulmonary  tubercu- 
losis characterized  by  extensive  li  ions  of  the  bron- 
chial tubes. 

Bronchophyma   [pr  >  '-mah)    [  .  the  air- 

passage  ;  oi-ua,  a  growth].      Any  growth,  as  a  tuber- 
cle, in  a  bronchial  tube. 

Bronchoplasty    [brong1 ' -ko-plas-te)    [  .  the    tra- 

chea ;   -'/nrc;  ir,  to  form].     The  surgical  closure  of  a 
tracheal  fissure  or  fistula. 

Broncho-pneumonia  [brong-ko-nu-mo^-ne-ah)  [ 
XO(;,  the  windpipe;  irvcv/xuv,  the  lung].  Lobular 
pneumonia,  a  term  applied  to  inflammation  of  the 
lungs,  which,  beginning  in  the  bronchi,  finally  in- 
volves the  parenchyma  of  the  lungs.  This  di 
most  frequently  encountered  in  children,  but  may 
occur  in  old  age.  Three  varieties  are  described  :  I. 
A  simple,  acute  form,  following  a  severe  bronchial 
catarrh.  2.  A  secondary  form,  occurring  after  whoop- 
ing-cough or  some  general  febrile  infective  disease. 
3.  A  rare  suppurative  form,  with  the  formation  of 
abscesses  throughout  the  lung.  The  patient  suffering 
with  broncho-pneumonia  presents  the  following  symp- 
toms: dyspnea,  cough,  fever,  often  high,  restlessi 
and  occasionally  marked  cerebral  symptoms.  If  con- 
valescence be  not  properly  guarded  relapses  are  likely 
to  occur.  The  physical  signs  vary  greatly,  and  are 
often  not  marked.  The  course  of  the  disease  is 
generally  chronic,  and  the  prognosi>  must  be  guarded. 

Bronchorrhagia  [brong-kor-a' -je-ak)  \fip6yxog,  the 
bronchus;  prjyvwai,  to  burst  forth].  Hemorrhage 
from  the  air-passages. 

Bronchorrhea  [brong- kor-e* '-ah)  [  Qp&] ■  x>»\  the  bron- 
chus; peeiv,  to  flow].  A  form  of  bronchitis  attended 
with  profuse  expectoration. 

Bronchostenosis  [brong- ko-ste-no* -sis)  [  V",'  !'"'•  tn<-' 
windpipe  ;  crevbq,  narrow].  Contraction  of  a 
bronchus. 

Bronchotome  [brong* '-ko-tom)  [■}/'<;  i"  .  the  windpipe; 
rif/veiv,  to  cut].  An  instrument  for  cutting  the 
larynx  or  trachea  in  the  operation  of  bronchotomy. 

Bronchotomy    [brong- kotf-o- me)  [  3p6]  \<-> -.    bronchus; 
ten-,  to  cut].       A   surgical   cutting-operation  upon 
the  bronchus,  larynx,  or  trachea. 

Broncho-tracheal  [brong-ko-tra' '-ke-al)  \fipbyxK,  the 
bronchus;  .    the    windpipe].      Relating    to   a 

bronchus  (or  to  both  bronchi  i  and  to  the  trachea. 

Broncho-vesicular  [bron-ko-ves-ik* -u-lar)  [..fyt;  \<><-, 
the  bronchus ;     r  >th    bronchial 

and  vesicular.      See  Breath-S 

Bronchus  [brong/-kus).     See  Bronchi. 


SSON'S  ME'l  II'  »r> 


JIM 


i;ki  i  I 


Bronson's  Method.      - 
Bronze 

.   tin        B.  John. 

B.    Liver.  ;:  brown    >>r 

I  morten 

trial 

Bronzed  |-      rann<  d  ;    ol 

B.  Skin,  i    Addison's 

B.-skin  Dises 
Broo  I  In  1  iffspring ; 

B. -cells,     in     cell-di  mother 

B.-food,  a  highly 
1     I  (j      ; 

Brooke's  Ointment.     An  ointment  for  treating  lupus. 
jt  md  powdered  starch 

:   hyd.  oleatis 

d    J<>   -iain>; 

ough  red 

:  may  be  addi  d  to  match 

Bioom  s  ius. 

Brosimum  I].     A  genus  of 

Am  rica.       B.  galactoden- 
dron,    '  milky    sap    is 

nut  nd  yields  both  a  ch<  I  and  a  wax 

lie-. 
Broth 

Brother  Ulcer  S  e  Donda  IVdugu. 

Brousniku  i    [Rus.].     The    berries  of 

■  1  bilben  nium  litis  id 

the  form  on  in  Russia  for  the  relief 

Broussaisism  ussais,  a  French  phy- 

•j  ).      I  he  physii  ,  and  therapeutic 

ught  by  J.  V.  Broussais. 
Broussaism  izm).     See  Broussaisism. 

Brow  Ml    .  ].     Theforehead;  then 

am  rtion  of  the  head.       B.-Ague,  neuralgia 

of  division  of  the   fifth  crania]    nerve,  com- 

vith  in  malarious  districts,  though  at  times 
urring   independently    of    such  surroundings,   and 
then    dependent   upon    some   diathesis,  especially  the 
ity.       B.  Presentation,  presentation   of  the  fetal 
.  Positi 
Brown  [ME.,  brown\.     A    dark    reddish-yel- 

.r.      B.  Atrophy,  an  atrophy  of  a  tissue  asso 
ii    therein  oi  a   brow  a    or   yellow 
B.  Coal.   :'  I  Lignite.    B.  Crown, 

.  an  artificial,  all  porcelain  crown,  which 
i  natural  i  if   an   irii 

iked  in    position.      The  pin   has   the 
ti  »iili,  where    the 
this    strength    i-    further   in- 
pon  elain  upi  m  th<    pin.     B. 
Edem.i  B.  Induration  of  Lung,  a 

tntinued    congestion, 
I  hi  j   or    from 

litral  val  i        I  be   lungs  are 

ing  the  thorax,  and 
uliar  tint  shading  into  a  brown 

udes  "ii  | 
nt-gi  mules  in  the 
B.  Madder.      See 
B.  Mixture.     See  Mistura 
B.  Ointment,  the 
.   unguentum 
It    i-   composed 
"  I 

part.      B.  Pink  B. 

Plaster  ,'inu,  \  .  I   ,  ; 


called    also    emplastrum     matris     camphoratum,     •  «r 
mphorated  mother's  plaster  ;  ' '  official  in  i  ierman 
pharmacy.      It    is    made  of   red  « >\ i<  1  of   lead,  thirty 
parts;     oil  oi  olives,  sixt)  parts;  yellow  wax,  fifti 
parts;   camphor,  one    part.     B.    Study.     S<  ■•    ( !  no- 

B.  Wort,  tin- |'l. int  Brunella  vulgarx 
ularly  reckoned   a    good  vulnerary,  as  well  as  a  cure 
for  si  ire  throat.      I  u<  ii 

Brown's  Operation.      See  Operations,   T<il>l<-  of. 

Browne's  Operation.     See  Operations,   'table  of. 

Brownian  Movement.  An  oscillation  or  agitation  ob- 
served under  the  microscope  in  very  fine  granules, 
drops,  eii  .  when  suspended  in  a  liquid.  The  m 
iiu  nt  i-  not  locomotion,  and  is  to  be  distinguished  from 
that  of  the  self-motility  of  living  microorganisms.  Its 
cause  is  not  definitely  known,  but  it  maj  be  due  to 
heat,  Ught,  electricity,  osmosis,  etc.     See  Ped 

Brownism  {brown* -izm) .     See  Brunonian  7h\ 

Brown-Sequard's  Combination  of  Symptoms.     See 
us  and  Symptoms,  Table  of.     B.   Disease.     See 
Diseases,  Table  of.     B.  Method  of  Treatment.    See 
Treatment,   Methods   of.      B.    Paralysis.      See    Dis- 
eases, Table  of. 

Bruch,  Clusters  of.  See  Gland,  .  Iggregat  d,  of  Bruch. 
B.,  Glands  of.     See  Gland. 

Brucin  U>ruf-siri)  \Brucea,  a  genus  of  shrubs],  I  .dl 
N,04.  A  poisonous  alkaloid  found  in  Strychnos  nux 
vomica  and  in  Strychnos  Ignatius.  It  crystallizes  in 
prisms  containing  .\\  !.,<>,  and  melts  at  17S0.  It- 
taste  is  exceedingly  Inner  and  acrid.  In  action  on 
the  animal  economy  is  similar  to  but  much  less  power- 
ful than  that  of  strychnin.      See  Nux  I  ,  mica. 

Briicke's  Berlin  Blue  Mass.  A  warm-flowing  mass 
for  injecting  tissues.  It.  i  —  made  as  follows:  potassium 
ferrocyanid,  217  gra.;  water,  iood  c.c;  ferrous  chlorid 
1  part;  water  10  pari         I  qua!  volumes  of  these 

utions  and  add  to  each  twice  its  volume  <if  a  cold 
saturated  solution  of  sodium  sulphate,  Add  the  iron 
solution  to  the  ferrocyanid  solution,  with  constant 
stirring.  Filter  and  wash  the  precipitate  with  the 
filtrate  until  it  runs  through  clear,  then  wash  with 
water  until  the  filtrate  rim-  off  blue.  Dry  the  precip 
itate.  To  a  concentrated  solution  of  this  blue  add 
mgh  gelatin  to  make  a  firm  jelly  when  cold.  Heat 
to  bo°  C.  and  filter  through  flannel.  B.'s  Fluid, 
potassio-mercuric  iodid,  employed  in  the  precipitation 
ofproteids.  B.'s  Method,  a  method  of  removing  all 
the  proteids  from  a  substance.  Acidulate  the  liquid 
with  HC1,  and  then  add  to  it  a  solution  of  pota 
mercuric  iodid,  made  by  saturating  with  mercuric 
iodid  a  boiling  solution  of  potassium  iodid.  B.'s 
Muscle.  See  Muscles,  Table  of  B.'s  Reagent. 
See  Tests,  Table  of  B.'s  Red  Mass,  a  material  foi 
injecting  the  body.  A  concentrated  solution  ol  potas 
yanid  1-  injected  into  the  artery  until  it 
runs  clear  from  the  vein.  Then  as  much  as  possible 
is  allowed  to  drain  away.  Next  a  concentrated  solu 
tion  of  cupric  sulphat  frei  from  iron  is  injected.  Bj 
this  method  the  red  cupric  ferrocyanid  is  precipitated 
in  the  vessels.      B.'s  Test.     Same  as  B.'s  Reagent. 

Bruise  Sei    C  ntusion. 

Bruit  \hm-e' )  [Fr.,  a  noise  or  report].  A  term  used 
by  I- rem  h  physii  ians  to  designate  the  various  specific 
sound-  of  auscultation.  B.  d'airain,  Trousseau's 
term  for  the  ringing  note  heard  through  the  stethosi  ope 
applied  to  th  wall  when  a  coin  i-  struck  against 

anothei  linsl  the  surfai  1  hi  si  on  the 

opposite  side.      It  is  pathognomonii   ol  a  collection  ol 
gas    in    the    plei  •  ny.     B.  de   clapotement,  a 

lashing  sound  often  heard  in  cases  ol  well-marked 
dilatation  of  the  stomach  whi  n  pi  sure  is  made  upon 
the   abdominal   walls.      It    is   besl   elii  ited    when  the 


BRI  \l   I 


J II 


Bl  I  I    \l. 


patient  is  in  the  recumbenl  position,  with  relaxed 
abdominal  walls,  b)  palpating  near  the  left  border  of 
the  ribs.     The  same  sound  can  l><    pi  by  shak- 

ing  the  patient   [bruit  de  «).      B.  de  braque 

ment,  a  crackling  sound.  B.  de  cuir  neuf,  the  new 
leather  murmur  ol  the  French;  the  creaking  quality 
occasionally  heard  in  pericardial  Friction  sounds.  B. 
de  diable,  a  venous  murmur,  ol  a  whistling  01  rush 
ing  character,  arising  in  the  bulb  of  the  common  jugu 
l.u  vein,  and  due  to  such  diseases  as  anemia,  1 
poisoning,  etc  ;  il  is  more  common  in  the  young,  and 
i  i  aused  immediately  by  the  vibration  of  the  blood  flow- 
ing from  the  narrow  part  oi  the  common  jugular  vein 
into  the  wide,  bulbous  portion  of  the  vessel.  See  also 
Murmur.  B.  de  galop,  a  cantering  rhythm  of  the 
heart  frequently  heard  in  mitral  stenosis,  in  which 
three  distinct  heart-sounds  are  audible.  It  is  due  to 
a  reduplication  of  the  second  sound.  See  also  Gallop 
Rhythm.  B.  de  glou-glou.  See  />'.  de  ./'</ 
ment.  B.  de  lime.  See  />'.  de  scie.  B.  de  mou- 
lin,  water  wheel  sound  ;  a  peculiar  friction-sound 
mixed  with  splashing  and  gurgling,  heard  in  pneumo- 
hydropericardium.  B.  d'oboe,  a  musical  heart-mur- 
mur. B.  de  pot  fele,  the  cracked-pot  sound.  B. 
de  parchemin,  a  rattling,  as  of  parchment.  B.  de 
rape.  See  Bruit  de  scie.  B.  de  rappel,  a  sound 
resembling  the  double  beat  upon  a  drum.  This 
doubling  of  the  heart-sound-  may  be  noted  in  different 
stages  of  chronic  interstitial  nephritis,  when  it  is  the 
first  sound  that  is  duplicated ;  and  in  mitral  stenosis, 
when  the  second  sound  is  doubled.  B.  de  scie,  a 
murmur  sounding  like  that  made  by  a  saw  or  file.  Also 
called  B.  de  r&pe  and  />'.  de  lime.  B.  skodique,  an 
amphoric  note  heard  in  the  pleural  cavity,  especially 
mar  the  apex  anteriorly,  when  there  is  a  rluid  accumula- 
tion not  filling  the  whole  of  the  plural  sac.  -Also 
called  Skoda  s  tympany.  B.  de  soufflet,  a  bellow- 
murmur.  B.  de  soupape,  a  flapping  sound.  B.  de 
de  va  et  vient,  a  to-and-fro  fnction-sound. 

Brian's  Operations.     See  Operations,   Table  of. 

Brunet,  or  Brunette  [bru-net')  [Fr.j.  I.  Of  a  dark 
complexion.      2.   One  with  a  dark  complexion. 

Bruning's   Red.      Same  as  Rosanilin. 

Brunissure  (brun-is-ur/ ')  [Fr. ,  brunisseur,  that  which 
browns].  A  disease  of  the  grape,  attacking  the  leaves 
only,  caused  by  Plasmodio  pora  vitis.  t  Viala  and  Sau- 
vageau).      Also  called  Braune. 

Brunner's  Glands.     See  Glands. 

Brunonian  Movement.  See  Brownian  Movement. 
B.  Theory,  brownism;  a  doctrine  taught  by  Dr. 
J.  Brown  (1735-SS)  that  both  physiologic  and 
pathologic  phenomena  are  due  to  variations  in  a  natural 
stimulus,  its  excess  causing  sthenic  and  its  deficiency 
producing  asthenic  disease-. 

Brunswick  (brunz'-wih)  [tier.].     A  town  in  Germany. 
B.  Black.     Same  as  Japan  Black.     B.Green.     - 
Conspectus  of  Pigments,  under  Pigment. 

Brush  (brush)  [ME.,  brusshe"].  An  instrument  con- 
si-ting  of  a  collection  of  some  flexible  material  fas- 
tened to  a  handle.  In  surgery,  various  forms  of 
brush  are  employed;  as  the  acid  brush,  of  glass 
threads;  the  electric  brush,  a  form  of  electrode;  the 
laryngeal  brush  ;  the  nasal,  pharyngeal,  and  stomach 
brush.  See  also  Pencil.  2.  A  thicket  of -mall  trees. 
B.-burn,  the  injury  produced  by  violent  friction,  and 
the  resulting  heat ;  it  often  resembles  a  burn  qr  scald. 
B. -cells.     See  Cell. 

Bryant,  Ampulla  of.      See  Ampulla. 

Bryant's  Line.     See  Line.-,  Table    of.      B.'s  Method. 
See  Treatment .  Methods  of.      B.'s  Operations. 
Operations,   Table  of.    B.'s  Triangle.    See  Triangles, 
7 'able  of. 
r6 


Bryce's  Test.     A  test  to  determine  if  systemic  infection 
has  taken  place  alter  vaccination.     It  1  onsists  in  rei 
ing  the  inoculation  during  tin:  evolution  of  the  vaccine 
disease,      [f  systemic  infection   i  rred,  the  sec- 

ond inoculation  will  mature  rapidly, 
the  first. 

Brygmus  {bi  ,  biting].    Same  as  Odon- 

toprisis. 

Bryology  [bri-oP-o  ;'e)  [  3pbov,  a  moss  ;  teyetv,  to -peak]. 
The  science  of  mos 

Bryonia    [bri-</ -ne-ah)    [  .    bryony].       Bryony. 

The  root    of    B.   alba  and    />'.   dioica ;  indigenous    to 
I  mope,  with  properties  due  to  an  intensely  bitter  l;1u- 

'•'ii.    '  i-IL.'1,,.-    a    strong    irritant    v. 
a]. plied    to    the  -kin  or    mUCOUS   inembrai. 
during  ve-ication.      It   is   a  remedy  <ff  great   value  in 
pleurisy,  pleuro-pneumonia,  and  rheumatic   fever,  and 
an  excellent  agent   in   cold-.      Dose  of  the   powdered 
t  gr.  x— xxx.     B.,  Infusumiunol  strength 

of  3J  to  the  l  'i  ol   water.     Dose  ^ss-ij.     B.,  Tinct., 
a  10  per  cent,  solution  of  the  root   in  alcohol.      1  I 

"I  '     A 

Bryonin  [bri-o'-nin)  [  ipvun  a,  bryony].  A  precipitate 
from  the  tincture  oi    B  yonia  alba  ;  useful  as  a  hydra 

ii<  ,  and   in    rheumatism  and   bronchial    affecti 
I  '"se   gr.  ij-1^.      Unof.      See    Bryonia.     Dose    as   a 
drastic  purgative,  gr.  '  i,-1/^- 

Bryony   (bri'-o-ne).      See   Bryonia.      B.    Black. 
Tamus. 

Bryoplastic    [bri-o-plas'-tik)    \Bpvov,  moss;     n'kaoo 
to  form].     A  descriptive  term  loosely  applied  to  such 
abnormal  growths  of  tissue  as  resemble  vegetable  forms. 

Bryoretin    (bri-o-re' '-tin)     [Ppvavia,    bryony;     /»■ - 
resin].      A  resin-like   sub-tance    obtainable    from  the 
glucosid  bryonin. 

Bubaline    (bid-bal-in)    \bubalinus,    pertaining    to    the 
bubalus.  buffalo].      In  biology,  resembling  or  pertain 
ing  to  the  buffalo. 

Bubby    (bub'-e)    [E.    dial.].      I.    A    vulgar    nam. 
the    mamma.      2.     A     local     name     for    Calycanthtts 
/i  rid  us. 

Bubo  (bu'-bo)  [  lot1  Mtv,  the  groin].  Inflammation  and 
swelling  of  a  lymphatic  gland,  properly  and  generally 
of  the  groin,  and  usually  following  chancroid,  gon- 
orrhea or  syphilitic  infection.  B.,  Parotid. 
Parotitis.  B.,  Primary,  a  slight  adenitis  of  the 
groin  due  to  mechanical  irritation,  or  other  cause; 
formerly  supposed  to  be  due  to  syphilis  without  a 
chancre  having  preceded.  B.,  Sympathetic,  one 
caused  by  irritation,  friction,  injury,  etc.,  and  not 
arising  from  an  infection-  di-ease. 

Bubonadenitis  (bu-bon-ad-en-i* '-tis)  \_3nv3ijv,  the  groin  ; 
aHijv,  a  gland  ;  trie,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of 
an  inguinal  gland. 

Bubonalgia  [bu-bon-al' -je-ah)  \fivo$iw,  the  groin ; 
dAyoc,  pain].      Pain  in  the  inguinal  region. 

Bubonic  [bu-bon'-ik)  [/?ov/Jwv,  the  groin].  Relating 
to  a  bubo.      B.  Plague.    Synonym  of  the  Plague,  ,;.- . 

Bubonocele  (bu-bon'-o-sel)  [(ioviiav,  the  groin;  k'/>>, 
tumor].  Inguinal  hernia  when  the  gut  does  not  ex- 
tend beyond  the  inguinal  canal. 

Bubononcus    [bu-bon-ong* '-kus)    \fiov$fov,     the    groin; 
,  a  tumor].      A  swelling  in  the  groin. 

Bubonopanus  (bu-bon-o-pa'-nus)  [/801  Mn>,  the  groin; 
Trdi'oc,  torch].      An  inguinal  bubo. 

Bubonulus  (bu-bon'.-u-lus)  [L. ,  dim.  of  bubo'].  Lym- 
phangitis of  the  dorsum  of  the  penis,  often  with 
abscesses  :   due  to  chancroidal  virus. 

Bucca  (buk'-ah)  [L.].  1.  The  mouth  ;  the  hollow  of 
the  cheek,  or  its  inner  surface.      2.    The -vulva. 

Buccal  {bi(lc'-al)  [bucca,  the  cheek].  Pertaining  to 
the  cheek'.      B.  Coitus.     See  Irrumation  and  Name- 


Bl  C<   IN  M 


2  1 2 


Bl  I  BAR 


ksi  B.  Glands.     S  B.    Teeth, 

the  teeth  behind  the  canini  Jled   because 

thi  the  inside  of  the  clucks,     in  the 

human  -  ley  are  the  bicuspids  and  molars. 

Buccinal  i     trumpet].       In 

Buccinator  ,  a  trumpet].     The 

thin,  i!.u  m 
Bucc 

Bucco-labial  the    mouth; 

.  .i   lip].      Pertaining    t>>   the    mouth    and    lip. 

B.  Muscle, 

Bucco-pharyngeal  the 

the  pharynx].      Relating  to  the  mouth 

.  'IV 

Buccula  [I...  dim.   of  bucca,  the  cheek]. 

11,  beneath   the   chin,  and    forming 

-  bin. 

Buchanan's  Operations.     Sec   Operations,    Table  of. 

Buchu  [native    African].        The    leaves   of 

•.'/.  yielding  a  volatile  oil,  to 

wh  -  are    probably  due,  and  a    bitter 

smin.    Dosegr.  j-v.    It  causes  a  sensa- 

tioi  iving  warmth  over  the  body,  simulates  the 

the  circulation.      It    is   useful 
in  urethritis  an. i  as  of  the  genito-urinary mucous 

membrane.  Dose  of  the  leaves,  gr.  xv-xxx.  B., 
Ext.,  Fid.  Dose  rrLx-^j.  B.,  Infusum  (Unof. ), 
5j  tj.      B.,    Infusum    (B.    P.). 

g  -iv.      B.,  Tinctura,  (B.  P.)     Dose  3J-ij. 
Buck's   Apparatus.       An    apparatus    consisting    of    a 
pulley  for  applying  extension  to  a  limb. 
B.    Fascia,    the     superficial     perineal    fascia.       B. 
Method.     See    Treattn  iods  of.     B.   Opera- 

tions.     See  Operations,    Table  of. 
Buckbean  i>ean.       The    rhizome    of 

nthes  trifoliata,    tonic,  antiscorbutic,    and  em- 
igogue.      It  has  been   recommended   as  a  vermi- 
las   been  used   in    functional   amenorrhea. 
M\v— xxx.      Unof. 
Bucket  Fever   [bukf  3i  ver. 

Buckeye  Bark     bu  V-i  bark).     The  bark   of   .-l-'seulus 
it  and  tonic,  and  serviceable   in   rectal 
irritation,    prolapsus,  and     various    uterine     derange- 
of  fid.  ext.  gtt.  iij-v.      I'nof. 
Buckhorn  n).     The  horn  of  a  buck.     When 

■  r  calcined,  it  is  used  by  dentists  for  polish- 
■,  and   for  removing  light  de- 
t  tartar.    B.  Fern,  a  fern,  called  also  royal  fern, 
tiunda  regali   ;   it  is  vaunted  as  a  cure  for  rickets. 

Buckle-she!'.  '-she/)    [New    Eng.    dialect].     A 

ently    moulted     lobsti  i    called    paper-shell 

ter. 
Buck-  Buchu. 

Buckthorn  See    Frangula.     B.,  Cali- 

fornia, 'da. 

Buck:.  Buchu. 

Buckwheat  ,  ed  or  grain  of  / 

ies    of   the  same 

substitute  for 

a  high  rank  as   a 

!,  indigestion 

uliai  •   ugliness 

I  he  flowersol  the  planl 

•.  is  interior. 

Bucnem;  i  ;   MV/„;/<  the 

nse- 

B.  Tropica.  arabum. 

Bud  i  bud].      In  biology,  the  unde 


Budd's  Disease.     See  Diseases,   '/able  of. 

Budding  (bud'-ing)  [ME. ,  buddenl.  In  biology,  a 
reproduction  or  cell-division,  occurring  among 
the  polyps  and  infusoria;,  in  which  a  bud  i-  given  ofl 
by  the  parent  and  comes  to  resemble  the  latter.  The 
bud  may  remain  permanently  attached  or  may  form  a 
colony,  each  member  acquiring  a  differentiation  of 
function,  even  to  the  formation  of  male  and  female  ele- 
ments.    The  process  is  also  called  Gemmation,  </.  ?\ 

Budge's  Center.     See  Center. 

Buffalo  Rubin  (bnf'-al-o  nt'-bin).    See  Pigments,  Con 
spec  t  us  of. 

Buffers'  Consumption  [buf'-en  con-sump' -shun). 
The  phthisis  oc<  m  i  Lng  among  metal-polishers. 

Buffy  Coat  {buf'-e-kbt).  A  grayish  or  buff-colored 
crust  or  layer  sometimes  seen  upon  a  blood-clot,  after 
phlebotomy,  and  once  looked  upon  as  a  sign  of  inflam- 
mation. It  is  caused  by  the  partial  subsidence  of  the 
red  blood-corpuscles. 

Bufidin  {bu'-fid-in)  [bufo,  the  toad].  Phrynin;  an 
alkaloid  from  the  venom  of  the  toad;  it  is  poisonous, 
and  said  to  resemble  digitalin  in  its  effects. 

Bufoniform  [bu-fon'-if-orm)  [bufo,  a  toad  ;  forma, 
shape].      In  biology,  toad-like. 

Bugbane  (bug/-ban).     See  Cimicifuga. 

Buggery  (bug'-er-e)  [OF.,  bou^re,  an  heretic].  Sodomy; 
bestiality. 

Bugleweed  (bu'-gl-wid).  The  herb,  Lycopus  virgini- 
cus,  narcotic  and  astringent.  Dose  of  fid.  ext.  -J  ss- 
ij.  Lycopin,  concentrated  extract.  Dose  gr.  j— iv. 
Unof. 

Buhach  (bu'-hateh)  [Serbo-croatian  for  flea-bane  ;  bu/ia, 
a  flea].  The  plant  Pyrethrum  cinerariafolium.  See 
Insect  Powder. 

Buhl's  Disease.     See  /A  .  Cable  of. 

Bulam,  or  Bulama  Boil  {bu'-lam  or  bii-lam'-ali  boil). 
A  boil  occurring  on  the  African  island  of  Bulam ; 
probably  caused  by  a  burrowing-wonn  or  insect- 
larva..  B.  Fever,  a  West-Africa  coast  fever,  said  to 
be  identical  with  yellow  fever. 

Bulata  (bul> '-at-ah).     See  Balata. 

Bulb  [bulb)  [Bdkpbg,  a  bulb].  I.  The  expansion  or 
dilatation  of  a  canal  or  vessel.  2.  Applied  to  the 
medulla  and  pons.  ^.  A  short  underground  stem 
covered  with  fleshy  leaf-bases  or  fleshy  leaves,  as 
the  onion  and  squill.  B.  of  Aorta,  the  dilatation 
of  the  aorta  near  its  beginning.  B.  of  Corpus 
Cavernosum,  the  muscle  beneath  the  bulb  of  the 
urethra.  B.  of  an  Eye,  the  eyeball.  B.  of  For- 
nix. See  Corpora.  B.  of  a  Hair,  the  swelling  at 
the  root  of  a  hair.  B.,  Olfactory,  one  of  tin  two 
bulbs  of  the  olfactory  nerve  situated  on  either  side  of 
the  longitudinal  fissure  upon  the  under  surface  ol  each 
anterior  lobe  of  the  cerebrum.  B.  of  a  Tooth,  the 
papilla  that  form-,  the  germ  of  a  tooth.  B.  of 
Urethra,  the  posterior  expanded  part  of  the  corpus 
spongiosum  penis.  B.  of  the  Vagina,  a  small  body 
of  erectile  tissue  on  each  side  of  the  vestibule  of  the 
vagina,  homologous  to  the  bulb  of  the  urethra  of  the 
male.  B.  of  Vena  Jugularis,  (he  dilatation  at  the 
beginning  of  the  external   jugular  vein. 

Bulbar  {bulf-bar)  [fio2  )6e,  a  bulb],  bulbous.  Pertain- 
ing to  the  medulla.  B.  Disease,  or  Paralysis,  a 
term  applied  to  the  progressive  and  symmetrica]  paral- 
ysis ol  the  facial  muscles  about  the  mouth,  including 
those  of  the  tongue,  pharynx,  and  sometimes  those  of 
the  larynx.  Thi-  paralysis  is  due  to  a  disease  of  the 
motor  nuclei  in  the  medulla  oblongata ;  an  acute  and 
a  chronic  form  are  met  with.  The  acute  form  is  due 
to  hemorrhage  or  softening;  the  chronic  to  degenera- 
tion. 'I  he  chronic  form  is  insidious  in  its  approach, 
the  tongue  often  being  the   first  organ  involved  ;    the 


BULBI  VES1  ll:i   II 


2i:; 


BURNER 


course  is  slow  but  progressive,  and  death  usually 
results  in  from  one  to  four    years.      Bulbar  paralysis 

usually  occurs  after  forty  years  of  age.  Syphilis  is 
not  a  predisposing  cause.  The  disease  i^  also  called 
Labio-glosso-laryngeal  Paralysis.  There  is  also  a 
pseudo-bulbar  paralysis,  due  to  symmetrical  lesions  of 
the  motor  cerebral  cortex. 

Bulbi  vestibuli  [bul'-bi  ves-tibf -u-li)  [I..].  A  name 
sometimes  given  to  the  glands  of  Bartholin. 

Bulbil,  or  Bulblet  [bul'-bil,  bulb' -let)  [  ioXfJog,  a  bulb]. 
Small  bulbs  of  fleshy  buds  frequently  occurring  on 
above-ground  parts  of  plants,  a>  the  bulblets  of  some 
onions  and  of  the  tiger  lily. 

Bulbillae  [bul-bil'-e)  [bulbillus,  dim.  of  bu/bus,  a  bulb]. 
In  biology,  gemmae  ofhydroid  zoophytes  that  become 
detached  at  an  early  Stage,  and  are  then  capable  of 
independent  development. 

Bulbo-cavernosus  (bul-bo-kav-ern-o'-sus)  [/3o/l/3<»,  a 
bulb;  caverna,  a  cavern].  A  perineal  muscle  in  the 
male  subject,  corresponding  to  the  sphincter  vaginae 
of  the  female.      See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Bulbo-urethral  {bul-bo-u-rithf -ral)  [/Jofy3<$c,  a  bull); 
miprfipa,  the  urethra].  Relating  to  the  bulb  of  the 
urethra. 

Bulbus  [bul'-bus)  [L.].  A  bulb.  B.  arteriosus;  in 
a  certain  stage  in  the  development  of  the  heart,  the 
upper  aortic  enlargement  is  so  called.  B.  rhachidi- 
chus,  the  medulla  oblongata. 

Bulesis  {bu-le'-sis)  [fiovAqoig,  the  will].  The  will,  or 
an  act  of  the  will. 

Bulimia  (bu-lim'-e-ah)  [(5oi>,  increase;  '/tuor,  hunger]. 
Excessive,  morbid  hunger;  it  sometimes  occurs  in 
idiots  and  insane  persons,  and  it  is  also  a  symptom  of 
diabetes  mellitus. 

Bulimic  (lnt-lim'-ik)  [fiov,  increase;  '/tuor,  hunger]. 
Pertaining  to  or  affected  with  bulimia. 

Bulithos  \bu' -lith-os)  [@ovr,  ox  ;  '/.idor,  stone].  A 
bezoar  from  the  ox  or  the  cow. 

Bulla  {bid' -ah)  [bulla,  a  bubble  :  //. ,  Bulla:].  .A  bleb 
or  "  blister,"  consisting  of  a  portion  of  the  epidermis 
detached  from  the  skin  by  the  infiltration  of  watery 
fluid.  The  bulla  differs  from  the  vesicle  mainly  in 
size.  B.  ethmoidalis,  a  rounded  projection  into 
the  middle  meatus  of  the  nose,  due  to  an  enlarged 
ethmoid  cell.  B.,  Hemorrhagic.  See  Purpura. 
B.  ossea,  the  inflated  or  dilated  part  of  the  bony 
external  meatus  of  the  ear. 

Bullate  {bill'-at)  [bulla,  a  bubble].  Inflated;  forni- 
cated and  with  thin  walls ;  blistered ;  marked  by 
bullae. 

Bull-dog  Forceps  {bill' '-dog for' '-seps).      See  Forceps. 

Bullet  Extractor  {bill' '  -et  eks-trak' '-tor).     See  Forceps. 

Bullous  (bu/'-us\  [bulla,  a  blister].  Marked  by  bulke  ; 
of  the  nature  of  a  bulla. 

Bully's  Toilet  Vinegar.  A  cosmetic  consisting  of 
tincture  of  benzoin,  1.0  ;  acetic  acid,  4.0  ;  Cologne 
water,  100.0. 

Bully  Tree  {bul'-e-tre).     See  Balata. 

Bulopeithia  {bu-lo-pi'-the-ah)  [(SovAq,  will  ;  ireideiv,  to 
persuade].  An  exaggerated  hopefulness  or  morbid 
expectation  of  that  which  is  desired. 

Bumastos    {bu-mas'-tos)    [(3oi>c,    large     (ox);     not 
breast].      A  very  large  or  hypertrophied  mamma. 

Bumble  Foot  (bum'-bl  foot).  A  disease  of  poultry, 
appearing  as  a  wart  like  substance  growing  in  the  ball 
of  the  foot.  It  is  caused  by  high  perches  or  by  con- 
stant walking  on  cement  or  stone. 

Bump  {bump)  [origin  uncertain].  Anyone  of  those 
eminences  of  the  external  surface  of  the  skull  that  are 
conceived  by  phrenologists  to  mark  the  localities  of 
the  various  "  organs  "  of  the  brain. 

Bumstead's  Operations.     See  Operation,  Table  of . 


Bundle  ibuu'-dl )  [ME.,  bundel].  In  biology,  a  fasci- 
cular grouping  of  elemental)  tissues,  as  n<  rv<  -fibers  or 
musi  le  fibers.  B.  of  Vicq  d'Azyr,  a  thick  bundle 
of  nerve-fibers  arising  in  the  more  caudad  of  the  two 
median  nuclei  of  the  corpus  candicans  of  the  brain, 
and  extending  to  the  anterior  tubercle  of  the  thalamus. 
It  was  formerly  called  the  fornix  d  cendens.  B.- 
sheath,  "  In  many  plants  a  ring  of  cells,  often  with 
strongly-thickened  and  lignified  walls,  developed  only 
mi  the  outside  of  the  bast,  or  around  the  entire  bundle, 
or  around  the  whole  mass  of  fibro-vascular  bund! 
(Thoma.) 

Bunion  \  buu'-yuu)  [origin  uncertain].  A  swelling  of 
a  bursa  of  the  foot,  especially  of  the  great  toe. 

Bunodont  ibu'  no-dont)  \  1  hill,  mound  ;  61 

Jooth],      Pertaining  to  tuberculate  molar  t> 

Bunsen  Burner.     See  Burner.     B.  Cell.     See  Cell. 

Bunt  (bunt).      See  Smut. 

Buphthalmia     {buf-thaV-me-ah),     or     Buphthalmos 

{bufllial'rliivS)      [    >"i  ■  .     OXJ       nrilhi/ i/or,      eye]. 
Ac  >at oglobus. 

Bupleurum  [bu-plu' '-rum)  [L.].  A  genu~  of  umbelli- 
ferous herbs.  Several  old  world  species  were  formerly 
employed  in  medicine,  especially  />'.  rotundifolium , 
of  which  the  leaves  and  fruit  are  considered  vulnerary 
and  discutient.      I  not. 

Bur,  or  Burr  [ME.,  burr,-,  a  bur].  I.  In  botany,  a 
rough,  prickly  shell  or  case.  2.  The  lobe  of  the  ear. 
3.  In  dentistry,  an  instrument  for  polishing  the  teeth. 
B.  Drills,  dental  instruments  oi  spherical,  cone-shape, 
cylindrical,  and  wheel-forms,  for  opening  and  form- 
ing cavities.  Flexible  burs  and  drills  having  spring- 
tempered  stems  are  used  for  opening  and  preparing 
nerve  canals.  B.  Thimble,  in  dentistry,  an  open 
ring  for  the  middle  or  index  finger,  with  a  socket 
attached,  in  which  rests  the  end  of  the  handle  of  the 
drill  used  in  excavating  a  cavity  in  a  tooth,  preparatory 
to  filling  it. 

Burckhardt's  Operation.       See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Burcquism  {boork' -izm).     See  Metallotherapy. 

Burdach,  Column  of.  See  Funiculus  cuneatus  and 
Column.  B.,  Cords  of,  the  cords  formed  in  the  dorsal 
zone  of  the  human  spinal  cord  by  the  meeting  of  the 
oval  bundles  of  His  below  the  cords  of  Goll.  B.'s 
Fissures.     See  Fissures,  Table  of. 

Burdock  {ber'-dok).      See  Lappa. 

Burdwan  Fever  {berd'-wan  fer-ver).     See  Fever. 

Buret,  or  Burette  (bit-ret')  [Fr.].  A  graduated  tube 
designed  for  measuring  small  quantities  of  a  reagent. 
It  is  usually  held  vertically  in  a  stand  and  provided 
with  a  stopcock. 

Burggrave's  Apparatus.  Same  a-  Sen  tin' 's  Appara- 
tus, with  the  addition  of  a  layer  of  wool  around  the 
limb. 

Burgundy  Pitch.      See  Fix. 

Burking  [Burke,  a  noted  criminal].  Suffocation  pro- 
duced by  a  combination  of  pressure  on  the  che~t  with 
closure  of  the  mouth  and  nostrils.  This  was  the 
method  employed  by  Burke. 

Burmah  Boil.  A  form  of  endemic  ulcer  common  in 
Burmah. 

Burmese  (bur-mez')  [native].  Pertaining  to  Burmah, 
a  province  of  Farther  India.  B.  Lacquer.  See 
Lacquer.  B.  Ringworm,  Fox's  name  for  a  severe 
and  troublesome  form  of   Tinea  circinata. 

Burn  [MP...  b,  men,  to  burn].  I.  To  become  inflamed. 
2.  To  be  charred  or  scorched.  3.  To  have  the  sensa- 
tion of  heat.  4.  An  injury  caused  by  fire  or  dry  heat. 
5.  A  disease  in  vegetables.  6.  In  chemistry,  to 
oxygenize.      7.    In  surgery,  to  cauterize. 

Burner  [MP.,  bernen,  to  burn].  A  common  name 
for  a  lamp  or  heating  apparatus  used  in   laboratories 


BURNE  I  I  >   DISINFE(   [TNG    FLUID 


244 


Bl  iter 


nnaceutic  purposes.      B.,  Argand, 

i  inner  tube  for  sup- 

the   flame    with  air      B.,  Bunsen,  a  form  in 

i   quantit)  "l 
ixidation  ignition. 

Bur-  Disinfecting  Fluid      V 

]UI  ,     of  water)  with  a 

u. ut  of  water 
tn  antiseptic  and  deodor- 

Burning  burn],     Consum 

B.  of  the   Feet,  a  neurotii 

immon   in    India. 

B.   Oil.  !'t    burning   oils   are 

the  two   standards  ol  color  and 

from  pale-yellow    stand- 

ind    coloi 

to  which  mmercial 

IIO°     I-'.,   120°    F.,  and 

i ,  []  g  mainly  to  the  continent 

lina  and   Japan,  and  that    of  120° 

i ;       iii-;.  and   water- 

w'n  .    in  the  trad 

o°  1-.,  fire-test,  and  specific  grav- 
■  i  ••  mineral 
i-   a   product    of   Rus- 
:what    similar   to   mineral   sperm 
.  ravity  of  .865,  and  a  fire-test 
1       B.  Point,  in  testing  petroleum  oils,  the 
which  a  spark  or  lighted  jet  will  ignite 
.  which  then  continues  to  burn.      This 
■it   is  usually  6°   to    200  C.  higher  than    the   flash- 
but  there  is  no  fixed  relation  between  the  two. 
Burnisher   [Ml    .  .  to   polish]       An  instru- 

ii  polishing  different  kinds  of  metals,  and 
in  the  laboratory  of  the  dentist,  for  finishing  pieces  of 
nanism. 
Burns,   Ligament   of.      The    falciform  process  of   the 

Burns's   Amaurosis.     See  Amblyopia,   Post- Marital ; 

Burnt  [ME.,  '■  men,  to  burn].  Scorched  ;  injured  by 
dry  beat.  Consumed  by  fire.  B.  Alum.  See  Alu- 
um.    B.  Sponge.    Si  ran  us/a.     B. 

Ocher. 

Burow's  von  1  Operations.  See  Operations,  Tabic  of. 
B.  Veins,  small  veins  joining  the  portal  and  general 

Burra  Gookeroo  {bur'-ak  gook'-er-oo)  [E.  Ind.].     The 

-  of  u     anuginosus,  a  plant  of  the 

ively  throughout  the 

i  diuretic  and  aphrodisiac.     It 

ief  of  nocturnal  emissions 

Dos      'i   the  fluid  extract  n\xx-l ;  ol 

~     ij;  of  the  syrup  1  for  children)   3  ss-j. 

Burras    Pipe  tiaii  ; 

'ic. 
Burr:-  .   a   harshness    in    the 

thr  ;    in  stammering,  the  mispronun- 

B.  Engine,  a  dental  appliance 
.  in  forming  cavities,  etc. 

Burrow  -,-.,  a  hole].      1     To  make 

a    I  in  ;   said   of   the  itch 

through,  as  pus  through 

Burrowin  hole].     The 

•    pus  through  the  tissi 
th  1  hi-  not  burst  01 

Bursa  - '  ,   Bursa  ].     A 

m     ■    upon  one 


another.  B.  anserina,  a  pouch  situated  between 
the  long  internal  lateral  ligament  and  the  lowei  inter- 
nal hamstring  tendons.  B.  colera,  the  gall  bladder. 
B.  cordis,  the  pericardium.  B.  fabricii,  "A  glan- 
dular organ  existing  in  both  sexes  and  all  specie-  of 
birds;  most  developed  in  young  birds,  more  or  less 
atrophied  in  adults;  it  opens  on  the  dorsal  wall  of 
the  cloaca,  into  the  lowest  chamber  of  that  organ." 
Forbes  |  B.  mucosae,  a  bursa  situated  in  sub 
cutaneous  areolar  tissue.  B.,  Plantar,  a  bursa  situ- 
ate.1  over  the  instep,  either  above  or  below  a  tendon. 
B.,  Popliteal,  a    bursa    situated  in  the  popliteal  spa.  . 

between  the  tendon  ol   the  semimembranosus  and  the 

tendon  of  the  inner  head  of  the  gastrocnemius,  wl 
thej    rub    against    each    other.      B.,   Prepatellar,    a 
bursa  situated  over  the  patella  and  over  the  upper  part 
of  the    patellar   ligament.      B.,  Synovial,   found    be 
tween    tendons    and    bony    surfaces.      B.  vaginalis, 
the  synovial  sheath. 

Bursal  (bur'-sal)  [bursa,  a  purse].  Pertaining  to  a 
bursa,  sac,  or  follicle. 

Bursalogy   [bur-sal' -o-je)   [bursa,  a  purse;   A<5yoc,  sci- 
].      The    science   or   study   of    the    bursa  ;     the 
anatomy,  physiology,  and  pathology  of  the  bin 

Bursera  [bur' -ser-afi)  [Burser,  a  German  botanist].     A 
genus  of  tropical  tree-,  several  species  of  which  afford 
inous   gums.      B.    acuminata   affords  caranna ;    A 
tomentosa  furnishes  tacamahac. 

Burseraceous  [bur-ser-a' -se-us\  [Burser,  a  German 
botanist].  Pertaining  to  or  resembling  the  genus 
Bursera. 

Bursiculate  {bur-sik'-u-lat')  [bursicula;  dim.  of  bursa. 
a  purse].  In  biology,  pouch  or  purse  like,  or  possessing 
a  bursa. 

Bursiform  [bur' -si form]  [bursa,  a  purse  ;  forma,  form]. 
Resembling  a  bursa. 

Bursitis  [bur-si' -tis)  [bursa,  a  purse;  trie,  inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation  of  a  bursa.  B.,  Tornwaldt's, 
catarrhal  inflammation  of  the  anterior  portion  of  the 
median  recess  of  the  naso-pharnyx. 

Bursula  [bur'-su-lah)  [dim.  of  bursa,  a  purse].  A 
small  bursa  ;   the  scrotum. 

Burton's  Sign.      See  Signs  and  Symptoms,   Table  of. 

Busch's  Operations.  See  Operations,  'Jab/cot'.  B.'s 
Version,  in  obstetrics,  direct  version,  the  head 
being  grasped  by  one  hand;  while  the  other  hand 
pushes  the  breech  ol  the  child  upward,  the  head  is 
pulled  down  into  the  cervix. 

Bushmaster  (busk'-mast-er).     See  l.ach, 

Busk,  Diameter  of.  In  craniometry,  the  auriculo- 
bregmatic  diameter.  B.,  Horizontal  Plane  of.  See 
Plane. 

Butalanin  {bu-lal'-an-in)  [butyl,'  alanin\,  C5H9- 
!.\lli<>,.  a-amidoisovaleric  acid;  it  consists  of 
shining  prisms  that  sublime  without  fusing.  It  is 
found  in  the  pain  reas  ol  tin-  ox. 

Butcher's  Operations.      See  Operations,  Tab: 

Butea  [bu'-te-ah)  [John,  Earl  of  Bute  (1713-92)]. 
A  genus  of  leguminous  tropical  trees  and  shrubs. 
/>'.  frondosa  and  />'.  superba  afford  Bengal  Kino 
(see  Kind) ;  also  called  butea  Gum.  B.  Gum. 
See  Kino. 

Batter  (but'-er)  [butyrum,  butter].  The  fatty  part  of 
tin-   milk   obtained    by   rupturing    the   cells   of    the    fat- 

globules  by    "churning"    or    mechanical    agitation. 

Also,  various  vegetable  fats  having  the  consistency 
of  butter,  as  B.  of  Cacao.  See  7'heobrotna.  Also 
applied     to    certain     chemical     |  having    the 

appearance  or  consistence  of  butter,  as  B.  of  Anti- 
mony, antimonious  chlorid  ;  B.  of  Tin,  stannic  chlo- 
rid  ;  B.  of  Zinc,  zinc  chlorid.  See,  also,  Acid, 
Butyru.     B.-and-Eggs.      See  Antirrhinum  linaria. 


I'd    [TERIN 


■J  jr. 


i:\  l  in  - 


B.-fat.  i.   The  oilj  portion  of  the  milk  of  mammalia. 
2.  The  fatty  portion  of  butter,  made  up  of  the  ids 
cerids  of   oleic,  palmitic,  and    stearii     acidi    (the   so- 
called  insoluble   acids),  and   the  glycerids  of  butyric, 
caproic,   caprylic,    and    capric    acid  •  illed 

soluble  acids).  The  average  proportion  of  the  in- 
soluble acids  present  in  butter-fat  is  88  per  cent.,  and 
the  average  proportion  of  the  soluble  acids  from  five 
to  six  per  cent.  This  gives  a  very  important  means 
of  distinguishing  between  a  natural  butter  and  oleo- 
margarin.  The  pure  fat  has  a  sp.  gr.  of  from  .910  to 
.914,  and  its  melting -point  varies  from  850  to  920  F. 
B.-fly,  a  winged  pledget  or  tampon  of  cotton  for 
vaginal  application.  B.-fly  Lupus.  Synonym  of 
Lupus  erythematosus.  B.  Kidney.  See  Amyloid 
Kidney.      B.-nut.     See   Juglans. 

Butterin  [but'-er-in)  [butyrum,  butter].  An  artificial 
substitute  for  butter,  made  principally  of  beef-fat.  See 
Oleomargarin. 

Buttocks  {but'-uks)  [ME.,  buttok].  The  nates.  The 
fleshy  part  of  the  body  posterior  to  the  hip-joints, 
formed  by  the  masses  of  the  glutei  muscles. 

Button  {butf-un)  [ME.,  boton\.  See  Furunculus  orien- 
talis.  B.,  Amboyna.  See  Frambesia.  B.,  Belly, 
the  navel.  B.,  Biskra,  the  Aleppo  (Veer.  B.,  Cor- 
rigan's,  a  steel  button-shaped  cautery-iron,  introduced 
by  Sir  J.  C.  Corrigan  (1S02-80).  B.-bush,  the  bark 
of  Cephalanthus  occidentalism  a  tonic,  febrifuge,  and 
diuretic.  Dose  of  fid.  ext.  ^ss-j.  Unof.  B.-hole, 
Mitral.  See  Funnel,  Mitral.  B.-hole  Operation. 
See  Boutonniire  Operation  and  Operations,  Table  of. 
B.-lac.  See  Lac.  B. -maker's  Chorea.  See  Chorea. 
B. -scurvy,  a  disease  of  privation,  apparently  similar 
to  sibbens  or  to  yaws.  B.-snakeroot,  the  root  of 
Liatris  spicata,  and  of  Eryngium  yucccefolinm ;  a 
stimulant,  tonic,  diuretic,  and  emmenagogue.  Dose 
of  fid.  ext.  3  ss-j.      Unof. 

Butyl  (bu'-til)  [butyrum,  butter],  C4H9.  A  hydro- 
carbon alcohol  radical,  that  cannot  be  isolated,  and 
that  occurs  only  in  combination  with  other  radicals. 
B.  Chloral.  See  Chloral  butylicum.  B. -chloral 
Hydrate.     See  Chloral  butylicum. 

Butylamin  {bu-til' '-am-in)  [butyrum,  butter;  amin\. 
Any  primary  amin  of  butyl.  The  butylamin  of  cod- 
liver  oil  is  said  to  be  one  of  its  medicinal  con- 
stituents. 

Butylene  {bu'-til-in)  [butyrum,  butter],  C4H8.  A 
hydrocarbon  belonging  to  the  olefin  series.      It  exists 


in    three    isomeric    forms,  all    of    which    are   gases  at 
on li nary  temperatures. 

Butyric  Acid  [bu  Hi  '  See  Acid,  Butyric. 

Butyrin  {bu'-tii  in)  [butyrum,  butter].  •   .11    <  (ll 
A  constant   constituent   "i   butter,  together  with  olein, 
stearin,  and  other  glyi  end-.      It  is  a  neutral  yellowish 
liquid  fat,  having  a  sharp,  bitter  taste. 

Butyrone  [bu'-tir-on)  [butyrum,  butter],  C-HuO. 
Dipropyl  ketone.  The  principal  product  of  the  distil- 
lation of  calcium  butyrate.  it  boils  at  1440  and  at 
200  has  a  sp.  gr.  <■!  .82 

Buxin  {buks'-in\  [buxus,  the  box-tree].  Bibirin  ;  be- 
beerin  ;  pelosin  ;  the  alkaloid  of  Nectandra.  It  is  a 
white,  amorphous  powder  with  a  persistent  bitter  ta 
very  insoluble  in  water,  but  easily  soluble  in  alcohol  and 
chloroform.  Dose  of  it  or  its  salts,  from  grains  three 
to  six  in  pill-form.      It  is  used  as  a  febrifuge.      Unof. 

Buxton's  Apparatus.     See  Anesthetic. 

Buxus  [links' -us)  [I..,  the  box-tree].  A  genus  of  trees 
affording  boxwood.  B.  sempervirens,  the  common 
box  or  box-tree  of  Europe  and  Asia.  Its  leaves, 
wood,  and  oil  have  been  employed  in  medicine.  Unof. 

Buzzi's  Operation.     See    Operations,  Table  of. 

Byrd's  Method.  See  Artificial  /Respiration.  B. 
Operation.      See  Operations.    'Table  of. 

Byrne's  Method.     See  Treatment,  Methods  of. 

Byrsa  [bur'-sah).      Same  as  Bursa. 

Bysma  [biz'-mah)  [/3bofia,  a  stopper ;  plug  :/>/.,  Bys- 
mata~\.      A  plug  or  tampon. 

Byssaceous  (bis-a' -she-its)  [pvooog,  a  variety  of  flax]. 
In  biology,  composed  of  fine  flax-like  threads. 

Byssinosis    (bis-in-o'-sis)    [fivooog,   cotton,  flax;    / 
disease].      A   diseased   condition  of  the  lungs  due  to 
the  inhalation  of  cotton-dust  in  factories. 

Byssocausis   (bis-o-kaw* -sis)   [fivaaog,   cotton;    icavo 
a  burning].      Cauterization  by  the  moxa  ;  moxibustion. 

Byssogenous  [bis-of -en-us)  [iir.rnc,  cotton;  yivr/c, 
producing].      In  biology,  producing  a  byssus. 

Byssus  (bis'-us)  [liioaor,  cotton,  flax].  1.  Charpie, 
lint,  or  cotton.  2.  The  hairy  growth  of  the  pubic 
region.  3.  In  biology,  a  bunch  of  silky  filaments 
secreted  by  the  foot,  in  several  molluscs.  A  name 
formerly  given  to  the  mycelium  of  large  fungi.  B. 
Gland.     See  Gland. 

Byssys  ibis' -is)  [(ivooog,  flax].  Same  as  Byssus.  B. 
Gland.     See  Gland. 

Bythus  [bith'-us)  [,3uft5f,  the  depth].  The  lower  or 
vesical  portion  of  the  abdomen. 


•J4G 


I  At  I  (GENESIS 


C.      1  be  Abbreviation  of 

c.c 

cm.     A 

CM.  to-morrow  morning. 

C    N.  :  row  night. 

Caballinc  A 

Cabbage  C.    Rose. 

C,   Skunk,    a    fetid    plant  of    N. 
An  lt>  tincture  and  fluid 

tispasmodic  and  antasth- 
CTree  a. 

Cabinet  |      A  closed  compart- 

C,  Pneumatic.     See  Pn 
Caczmui  vita. 

Cacaemu  3  'tic. 

i  n  Nahuatl,  cacauatl,  cacao],      Theo- 

Cacalia  plant,  colt' sfoot  (?)]. 

iwered  herbs,  mai  -  of 

i  used  in  medicine.     C.  suaveolens, 
V  America.     Unof. 
Cacanthrax  .    bad  ;    avdpa^,  a 

anthrax.     See  .  tnthrax. 
Caca  -  C.  Butter,  oleum 

from    seed-;  or  nibs  of   Theo- 

It   is  a  pure  white  fat,  with    a  pleasant 

r  and  taste;  it  fus  '  F.  (30°C. )  ;  it-,  specific 

:;  52.      It  is  used  in  cosmetics,  and 

rmaceutic  preparations.      See  also  Theobroma. 

Cacaphthae  .  bad;  aipda,  an  erup- 

].     Malignant  or  cachectic  aphthae.     See  Aphtha. 

Cacation  'io,  a  going  to  stool].   Def- 

'1  ;  alvine  discharge. 
Cacatory  fio,  a  going  to  stool].    At- 

■ith  diarrhea  ;   a-  a  cacatory  fever. 
Caccagogue  [kak'-a-gog)   \ko.kk^,  dung ;  a  lead- 

1.    Aperient;   laxative,     z.    An  aperient, espe- 
ly  an  ointment   or  suppository  that  induces  gentle 
[Archaic] 
Cacemia  .'.or  kak-ef -me-ah)  [nan6r,   bad; 

Ifia,   blood].       An    ill-condition  of  the  blood;  de- 
■ 
Cacemic  .had;  ulna,  blood].    Assb- 

ith  or  suffering  from  cacemia. 
Cacesthesis  ' , bad  ;  aierflr/oYc,  sen- 

»n],     M  tion. 

Cachaemia    k  ik  See  <  acemia. 

Cachectic  '  ,  habit].     Ill- 

irked  l>v  cachexia.    C.  Aphthae.    See 

Cachelcoma  '  tnah\    \julk6c,      ill  ;      MnAfta, 

\  in  ilignant  or  foul  ulcer. 
Cachemia  .,/(7. 

Cachet  [Fr.].      A   pharmaceutic    preparation 

trafer,  varying  in 
in    diameter,  round    or 
which  the  powder  to  be 
other,   having  | 

powder 
her,  when   1! 

powder.      C.  de 
Pain. 

Cachexia  ,    habit]. 

A    term    us  morbid    tenden 

ral  nutrition,  or 
irnpoverishn  ;■        appli<  '1   : 

;    carcinoma! 


patients.      It    is    characterized    by  emaciation    and    a 
peculiar  sallow  or  muddy  complexion.     C.  africana, 
dirt-eating  :    geophagy.      A    disease   supposed   to   be 
identical     with     miners'     anemia.       C.     aquosa,     a 
dropsical    and    anemic    Mate.      C.  icterica,    jaundice. 
C,    Lymphatic.     Synonym    of    ffodgkin's    Dii 
C,  Negro.     Same  as   C.  africana.      C,  Pachyder- 
mic.     See    Myxedema.     C.    strumipriva,    the    con- 
dition   allied    to     if    not     identical     with    myxedema, 
following  the   extirpation    or  arrest  of  function  of  the 
thyroid  gland.     It  is  a  cretinoid  state, characterized  in 
monkey--  by  hebetude,  malnutrition,  muscular  tremor, 
puffy  edema,  leukocytosis,  and  the  presence  ol   mucin 
in  the  blood  and  connective  tissue.      C.  thyreopriva. 
See  Myxedema.      C.  virginum.     See  Chlorosis. 
Cachexy  {kak-eks'  e).      See  Cachexia. 
Cachibou  (kash-e-boo').     See  Chibou. 
Cachinnation   [kak-in-a' 'shun)   [cachinnare,  to    laugh 

loudly].       Immoderate  laughter,  a-  in  the  insane. 
Cachou  [kash-oof)  [Fr.  for  "  catechu  "].      An  aromatic 

pill  or  tablet  for  concealing  the  odor  of  the  breath. 
Cachunde  [ka-chun'  -de)  [Sp.  ].      An  oriental   electuary 
used    as  a  breath-perfume,  and   also  as  a  stomachic 
and  carminative.      Unof. 
Cacocholia  {kak-o-kof-le-ah)   [kok6q,  ill  ;     1  <</>,.   bile]. 

A  morbid  condition  of  the  bile. 
Cacochroia    \k<ik-o-kro?-ah)    or    Cacochrcea     [kak-o- 
kre'-ah)  \k.uk6c,  bad;   xp"la>  color].      A  had  complex- 
ion ;   unnatural  color  of  the  skin. 
Cachochylia     [kak-o-kW '-e-ah)     [kok<5c,    bad;     xv/'"> 

juice].      Imperfect  or  disordered  digestion. 
Cacochymia     [kak-o-kim' -e-ak)    [nano^,    bad ;    ^ty/^f, 
juice].     A  morbid  state  of  the  fluids,  humors,  blood, 
or  secretions  ;   faulty  stomachic  digestion. 
Cacochymic      [kak-o-kim' '-ik)      \iuik6q,     bad;     xvi"".  • 

juice].     Affected  with  cachochymia  ;  dyspeptic. 
Cacocnemia  [kak-ok-ne; -me-ah\  [mykoc,  ill ;  tcvr/fir/,  leg]. 

Thinness  or  ill-condition  of  the  leg  or  shin. 
Cacocolpia   [kak-o-kol'-pe-ah)   [hukSc,   ill;  wMirof,  va- 
gina].     A  diseased  state  of  the  vagina. 
Cacodemon  [kak-o-de' -mon)  [/ca/c<5c,  ill ;  daifttmi,  spirit]. 
An  old  name  for  a  supposed  besetting  evil  spirit  ;  also, 
the  nightmare. 
Cacodemonia  [kak-o-de-mo'-ne-ah}  \KanoSaijjjovia,  pos- 
session  by   an    evil    spirit].      Supposed  possession  or 
obsession  by  an  evil  spirit. 
Cacodemonomania  [kak-o-de-mo-no-maf-ne-ah  )  \koko- 
Aaiunrin.  possession  by  an  evil  spirit;  fiavia,  madness]. 
A  delusional  belief,  on  the  part  of  a  patient,  that  he  is 
possessed  <<(  a  de\ il. 
Cacodontia    [kak-o-donf-te-ah\     [/caK<$c,     bad;     06 

tooth].      A  bad  condition  of  the  teeth. 
Cacodyl    [kakf-o-dil\    [«a/c<5c,    had;     b&iv,    to    smell; 
.  matter],  As(CHs)2.      Kakodyl ;   dimethylarsin ; 
a  radical   containing  arsenic,   hydrogen,  and    carbon 
It  is  a  colorless,  heavy  liquid,  with  an  extremely  often 
sive  odor,  and  poisonous  vapor ;  it  is  inflammable  when 
exposed  to  Ww.      It>  protoxid  is  called  alkarsin,  q.  t. 
Cacoesthesis  [kak-i  See  Cacesthesis. 

Cacoethes    [kak-o-e1 '-thiz)    \iuik6c,  had  ;    fflog  a    habit]. 

Any  had  habit,  disposition,  or  disorder. 
Cacogalactia  [kak-o-gal-akf -te-ah  )   \_nait6c,  had  ;   y&Xa, 

milk].      A  had  or  abnormal  condition  of  the  milk. 
Cacogastric  [kak-o-gas' '-trik)  [tcatcSg,  hail  ;   yaaH)pt  the 

stomach].     Dyspeptic. 
Cacogenesis  (kak  ■•  /<>/'  es-is)  [«aK(5c, bad  ;  .  for- 

mation].   Any  morbid,  monstrous,  or  pathologic  growth 
or  produi  t. 


CAO  >GLOSSIA 


24? 


(  AhMIL'M 


Cacoglossia  (kak-o-glosf-e-ah  i    [«ai«Jc,    evil;    y?ui)aaa, 

the  tongue].     Gangrene  of  the  tongue. 
Cacolet    U-ak'-o-la)    [Fr.].       A    mule-chair  or   horse- 

panniei  foi  the  transportation  of  the  wounded. 

Cacomorphia  [kak-o-mor* '-fe-aA)    [kouoSc,    bad;  //< 
form].     Malformation;  deformity. 

Cachonychia  [kak-o-nik' '-e-aA)  [/cafoSc,  bad  ;  6vi  . ,  nail]. 
I  lisease  or  defect  of  a  nail  or  of  the  nails. 

Caconym  [kak1 '-o-nim)  [k/ik6c,  bad;  bvofta,  a  name]. 
An  undesirable  or  objectionable  name,  i .  g. ,  in  biologic 
nomenclature  or  terminology. 

Cacopathy,  or  Cacopathia  [kak-op' -a-the  or  kak-o- 
patli'  -c  nh)  \juik6c,  bad;  w6Boq,  illness].  Any  severe, 
malignant,  or  untoward  condition  or  disease. 

Cacophonia     [kak-o-fo' '-ne-aA)     [kok<5c,     bad; 
voice].      An  altered,  depraved,  or  abnormal  voice. 

Cacophonic  {kak-o-/on'  .  »  ,  bad  ;   Quri/,  voice]. 

Affected  with  cacophonia. 

Cacoplastic  [kak-o-plas' '-tik  )  [icandg,  bad  ;  TrAaordc, 
formed].  I.  Characterize.  1  by  or  adapted  to  a  low 
degree  or  kind*  of  organization.  2.  Relating  to, 
causing,  or  attended  with  defective  formation  ;  liable 
to  be  changed  into  an  abnormal  tissue. 

Cacopragia  {kak-o-pra/ -je-aK)  \_nan6c,  bad;  Kpaatjeiv, 
to  do].  Functional  derangement,  as  of  nutritive  pro- 
cesses, or  of  organs. 

Cacoproctia  (  kak-o-prok' -te-aA  )  \_kukij,  gangrene; 
wpuicrSg,  anus].      A  gangrenous  state  of  the  rectum. 

Cacorrhachis  (ka-kor'-rak-is)  \ko.mc,  ill ;  paxiS> 
spine].      A  diseased  stale  of  the  vertebral  column. 

Cacorrhinia  (kak-or-in'-e-aA )  \m.Koc,  ill ;  pic,,  nose]. 
Any  diseased  condition  of  the  nose. 

Cacosmia,  or  Kakosmia  [kak-oz' '-me-aA  )  [wzkoc,  foul  ; 
'oGfirj,  smell].  A  repugnant  or  disgusting  smell.  C, 
Subjective,  a  disturbance  of  the  olfactory  nerve  or 
center,  from  hysteria  or  from  other  disease,  giving  rise 
to  the  perception  of  an  offensive  smell. 

Cacosomium  (kak-o-sof-me-um)  [mz/coc,  bad;  aupa, 
body].  A  hospital  for  leprosy  and  other  incurable 
diseases. 

Cacospermia  [kak-o-sper' '-me-aA )  [name,  ill  ;  a-ipua, 
seed].     Any  diseased  state  of  the  semen. 

Cacosphyxia  [kak-o-sfiks' -e-aA  )  [/ca/voc,  ill  ;  cfotjic, 
pulse].      A  disordered  state  of  the  pulse. 

Cacostomia  (kak-o-sto'-7nc-ali  )  \_kuk6c,  ill  ;  ordua, 
mouth].  Any  diseased  or  gangrenous  state  of  the 
mouth. 

Cacothanasia  (kak-o-than-a'-ze-a/i)  \kolk6c,  bad  ; 
"■ini-nc,  death].      A  painful  death. 

Cacothelin  (kak-otA'-el-in)  C4.Jl.,.,\O20.  An  alkaloid 
produced   from  brucin   by  the  action  of    HNO,. 

Cacothymia  [kak-o-tAim'  -e-aA  )  \_nan6c,  bad  ;  tfvuoc, 
mind].  A  disordered  state  of  the  mind  or  disposition  ; 
mental  disorder  with  moral  depravity ;  insane  malig- 
nity of  temper. 

Cacotrophia  (kak-o-tro' '-fe-aA  ).      Same  as   CacotropAy. 

Cacotrophy  [kak-of '-ro-fe)  [/ca/a5c,  bad;  rpkfyeiv,  to 
nourish].      Disordered  or  defective  nutrition. 

Cacozyme  (kak'  -o-zini)  [»/M.r,  bad;  ^vp.r),  a  ferment]. 
A  disorganizing,  putrefactive,  fermentative,  or  patho- 
genic microorganism. 

Cactina  [kak-ti' '-naA)  [tummc,  a  prickly  plant].  A 
proprietary  preparation  said  to  be  a  proximate  prin- 
ciple derived  from  night-blooming  cereus  (Cereus 
grandiflora  and  C.  mexicand).  It  is  a  cardiac  stimu- 
lant recommended  as  a  substitute  for  digitalis.      Unof. 

Cactus  (kak'-tus)  [major,  a  prickly  plant].  A  genus 
of  plants.  C.  grandiflorus.  See  Night-blooming 
Cercus.     C.  Nipple.      See  Mammillaria. 

Cacumen  (kak-u' -men)  [L. :  pl.,Cacumind\.  1.  The 
top,  as  of  a  plant.  2.  The  culmen  of  the  vermis  su- 
perior of  the  cerebellum. 


Cadaver  (kad-aiZ-er)  \_,adcrc,  to  fall].  The  dead  body, 
especially  that  of  man.  A  corpse.  C.  Tubercle, 
anatomic  wait.  A  peculiar  circumscribed  hyper- 
plasia of  the  papillary  structures  of  the-  skin  occurring 
chiefly  mii  tie    dorsal  surface  of  the   hands  and   lingers 

of  persons  « I re  in  the  habit  ol  handling  dead  and 

•  iji]  n  ising  bodies. 

Cadaveric  (kad-av-er' -ik\  \cadere ,  to  fall].  Pertaining 
to  the  cadaver  or  dead  body.  C.  Alkaloids, 
Ptomaines,  q.v.  C.  Ecchymoses,  certain  ] 
mortem  stains,  closely  resembling  in  their  general 
appearance  the  effei  k  ol  bruises  or  contusions.  1  hey 
occur,  both  externally  and  internally,  on  the  lowest 
and  mosl  dependent  parts  of  the  body.  They  are 
also  called  hypostas  illations,  and   vibices.     C. 

Spasm,    the    early,    at    times    instantaneous,    appear- 
e   of  rigor  mortis,   seen    after    death  from  certain 
causes.      It    is   also    called    instantaneous   rigor   and 
tetanic  rigidity. 

Cadaverin  [kad-ai/ -er-iri)  \cadere,  to  fall],  C5HMN2. 
A  ptomaine,  isomeric  with  neuridin,  and,  like  it, 
occurring  very  frequently  in  deco  g  animal  tis- 

sues. It  is  obtained  from  human  hearts,  lungs,  livers, 
etc. ,  after  three  days1  decomposition  at  ordinarytem- 
perature, — also  from  horseflesh,  from  putrid  mu 
from  herring  and  haddock.  It  is  a  constant  product 
of  the  growth  of  the  comma-bacillus,  irrespective  of 
the  medium.  It  doe-  not  occur  in  culture-media  from 
which  bacteria  are  absent.  It  is  a  thick,  water-clear, 
syrupy  liquid,  having  an  exceedingly  unpleasant  odor, 
-  imewhat  resembling  that  of  coniin  and  semen.  It  is 
certainly  identical  with  so-called  "animal  coniin." 
Putrescin  and  cadaverin  were  both  formerly  believed 
to  be  physiologically  indifferent ;  but  recent  investiga- 
tions show  both  bases  capable  of  producing  active 
inflammation  and  necrosis.  The  necrosis  of  the  in- 
testinal epithelium  in  Asiatic  cholera  seems  due  to 
their  presence.  They  also  have  the  power,  even  in 
small  quantities,  of  preventing  blood  from  coagulating, 
and  rendering  it  "  laky."  Cadaverin  is  believed  by 
Grawitz  to  hinder  the  growth  of  bacteria.  '  adaverin 
hydrochlorid,  on  dry  distillation,  decomposes  into 
ammonium  chlorid,  NH3HC1,  and  piperidio,  C5HUN. 
'Whether  or  not  this  change,  whereby  the  non -poison- 
ous cadaverin  becomes  a  toxic  base,  can  take  place 
under  the  influence  of  bacteria  during  putrefaction, 
is    not    known. 

Cadaverization  (kad-av-er-iz-a'-sAuri)  \ca  fall]. 

The  passage  of  a  living  body  to  the  state  of  a  cadaver. 
Applied  to  the  algid  and  cyanotic  stage  of  cholera. 

Cadaverous  {kad-av* '-er-us)  \cadere,  to  fall].  Resem- 
bling a  cadaver;  ghastly;  of  a  deathly  pallor. 

Cade  (/cat/)  [a  Languedoc  name].  See  Juniperus. 
C,  Oil  of  {•■'mm  cadinum),  a  tarry  oil  from  the  wood 
of  Juniperus  oxycedrus ;  it  is  used  in  the  treatment  of 
skin-diseases. 

Cadet's  Fuming  Liquid.  See  Alkarsin.  C.'s  Test. 
See  Tests,   Tabic  of. 

Cadiva  Insania  (kad-i'-vaA  in-sa' -ne-aK)  [I-]-  Fall- 
ing insanity  ;  an  old  name  for  epilepsy. 

Cadlock  (kadf-lok).      Wild    mustard,   Brassica    sir. 
trum.      See  Brassica. 

Cadmium  (kad/-me-uni)\KaSida,  calamin].  Cd=II2; 
quanti valence  II.  A  bluish- white  metal  resembling 
zinc  in  its  general  properties.  Only  the  sulphate  and 
iodid  are  used  in  medicine.  In  its  physiologic  action 
it  is  escharotic  and  astringent,  producing  in  large  ii 
emesis  and  violent  gastritis.  See  Elements,  Table 
of.  C.  iodidum,  Cdl2,  used  as  an  ointment,  I  to 
8  of  lard.  C.  sulphas,  CdS04.4.H20,  a  valuable 
astringent  in  gonorrhea  and  in  corneal  opacit 
used    in   a  lotion  in   strength  of  gr.    '2  or  4  to     rj  of 


CAD 


248 


CALAGE 


tintmenl  ird.      I  nof. 

C.-Red.     S  •  under  P 

C  -Yellow  •    under 

Caduca  fall].      S 

C    Passio. 
Caducibranchiate 

gillsl      In  biology,  applied  to 
branchiae  upon  reach- 
maturity. 
Caducicorn  falling     ofl  ; 

|.     In   1  t"   animals   that 

Caducity  nility].    Senility; 

Caducous  off].      In 

tain  parts,  as 
i  ry   early,  as 

Caducus  Morbu-  u'-kus  m  \}—\      Fall- 

.  name  for  epilepsy. 

Caecal 

Caecitas  Verbalis.     -  d-blindn, 

Caecitis  :  'is. 

Caecum  en. 

Caenaesthesis  the'-sis).     See  Cenesthesis. 

Caenogenetic  '-ik)    [mivor,  recent ;  yeveaiq, 

aeration].      In    biology,  the   appearance  of  a  new 
late    in    the    course    of  development. 
This  usually  arises   from  comparatively  recent  varia- 
tion- ..f  the  type-form. 
Caeruleus  (se-ru*  I..].     Sky-blue.     C.  morbus, 

blii'  See  Cnui 

Caerulosis  S  is. 

Caesalpinia      's-al-pin  [!'•]•      A  genus  of  tropi- 

cal legumii  C    bonducella.     See  Bondu- 

cella       C   moringa  has  a  diuretic  bark.      All  unof. 
Caesarean  Operation  ir^-e-an).      ~  arean. 

Caesium       '  urn. 

Caffea  i     [I-]-     The    seeds  of  C.   arabica. 

ind  roasl  •   are  almost  universally 

I    in     infusion  as  a  beverage,   forming  a  cerebral 
Lomachic  tonic.      They  are  valuable  in 
ion  and  allaying  hunger  and  fatigue. 
frequently  causes  excessive  palpitation  of  the 
-  an-  due  to  an  alkaloid,  Caffein, 
'  .::  ical    with    Thein.       See    Tea. 

I   gr.  j-v.      C.  citrate.      Hose  gr. 
j-v.     C.  valerianas,  foi  vomiting  in  hysteria. 

r.  j-iv.      Ext.  Caffeae   Viridis    Fid.     I 

Fluid    I     tract   of 

~  --   ij.     See   Guarana.      Injectio 

Caf.    Hypodermatica,  one  grain  of  caffein  in  three 

minims.      1  >•  ise  try-vj. 

Caff'  flee].   C8H10N4<  >,       il  ,<  >. 

'  the    leave-,    and 

m  tea,  in    Paraguay  tea.  and 

the  fruit  ol    Paullinia 

.  slightly 

I,  with  a  feebly  Litter 

rial  stimulant. 

C.   citrata.  pared    by   dissolving 

rii    at  id   in  double  the 
I       ■    -r.    ij-x.      C. 
citrata    effervescens, 

~  C.-iodol,  ineaddition- 

lixing    a  solutions   of 

'ion.      Il  contains 

•  .lit.   of   I  all.  Ill, 

and   i-  a  li|  ,,,]  nearly  in- 

.     til  n 


CafTeina    ka-fe,-in-ah).     See  Caffein. 

Caffeinism  \kaf-e1 '-in-ism)  [caffea,  coffee].  Chronic 
coffee  poisoning;  a  train  ol  morbid  symptoms  due  to 
excess  in  the  use  of  coffee. 

Cagot  [kah-got)  [Fr.].  i.  A  member  of  an  outcast 
race  or  clan  in  the  S.  W.  o(  France;  formerly  regarded 

a-  lepers.      -     (Bj   er a  cretin.   C.  Ear.    See£ar 

<rmities. 

Cahinca,  or  Cainca  {kah-hingr -kah)  [native  S.  Ameri 
can].     The   diuretic    root  of  Chiococca  racemosa ,    < '. 
■a,  or    ( '.    anguifuga,    rubiaceous   shrubs   of 
tropical   America.      I  not 

Cahn  and  V.  Mering's  Method.  A  method  of  esti- 
mating the  amount  of  acids  in  the  stomach.  It  cot) 
si-t-  in  distilling  the  contents  of  the  stomach  with 
water  three  time-.  The  volatile  acids  are  estimated 
in  the  distillate.  The  residue  is  shaken  six  times  with 
500  c.c.  of  ether,  and  this  is  evaporated  to  dryness, 
and  the  lactic  acid  estimated  by  titration.  The  residue 
contains  the  HO,  and  this  also  can  be  estimated  by 
titration. 

Cailcedra  [kal-se' '-drah)  [origin  unknown].  I.  The  Crd- 
rela  odorata,&  large  tree  of  tropical  America.  The  bark 
and  wood  are  used  in  intermittent  fevers;  a  fragrant  oil 
(cedar-wood  oil)  is  distilled  from  the  wood.  The  tree 
also  affords  a  resin.  2.  The  Khaya  senegalensii  oi 
Africa  and  tropical  America,  a  tree  that  closely  re- 
sembles the  foregoing. 

Cailletet's  Test.      See  Tests,   Table  of. 

Caillian's  Test.     See  Tests,   Table  of. 

Caisson  Disease  {ka'-s<m  diz-ez').  The  symptoms  due 
to  increased  atmospheric  pressure  sometimes  occurring 
in  divers,  caisson  workers,  etc.  Paraplegia,  luini 
plegia,  anesthesia,  or  apoplectic  attacks  are  common, 
but  paralysis  of  the  legs  is  the  most  frequent  symptom, 
coming  on  only  after  return  to  the  normal  atmosphere. 
The  nature  of  the  lesion  is  obscure. 

Cajeput  Oil   [kaj'-e-put  oil).      See  Cajuputi,  oleum. 

Cajuputene  \caj-u-pu-ten,\  [Malay],  ('lnIIlf..  The 
principal  constituent  of  cajeput  oil;  it  is  a  liquid  of 
an  agreeable  odor. 

Cajuputi,    Oleum    [kaj-u-pid-te,    bl'-e-um).       [Malay, 
"white      wood;"     oleum,     oil].       Oil     of     C'ajuput. 
A  volatile   oil  distilled   from  the  leaves  of  Melaleuca 
leukadendron.      li   resembles  oil    of  turpentine  in  its 
general  effects,  being  irritant  externally  and    produc 
ing  a  sense    of  warmth    internally,    with    accelei 
pulse.    It  is  used  with  benefit  for  flatulent  colic,  dropsy, 
hysteria,    and    cutaneous    disorder.-;    it    also    relii 
toothache.     Dose  rrtj-v.     C,  Spiritus  (B.P.).     Dose 
-  ss-j . 

Cajuputol  {kaj-u-pu' -tol)  [Malay,  Cajuputi,  white 
wood].  The  more  limpid  part  of  oil  of  cajuput  ;  it  is 
found    al-o  in  -ome  other  fragrant  volatile  oils. 

Cake  Colors  [kak  kul'-or£).  See  Pigments,  Colors,  and 
Dyestuffs. 

Caked  [kakd)  [MF...  .,;/v].  Compressed  or  hardened 
into  a  solid  mass.  C.  Breast,  a  breast  in  a  puer- 
peral woman  in  which  the  milk  has  become  hardened 
and  inspissated.  C.  Bag,  in  cows,  an  inflammation 
of  the  mammary  gland. 

Calabar  Bean  [kalf-ab-ar  hen).      See  Physostigma. 

Calabarin  [kal-ab' '-ar-in)  [Calabar-].  An  alkaloid  from 
Calabar  bean,  apparently  acting  much  like  strychnin. 

Caladana  [kal-ad-a'  nah).     See  Kaladana. 

Caladium  [kal-a' '-de-um)  [I-.].  A  genu-  of  large- 
leaved  araceous  plants.  C.  bicolor,  of  Brazil,  is 
anthelmintic  and  cathartic.  Various  other  species  are 
em]  li  *\   d  li  m  all)  in  medicine.     Unof. 

Calage  {kal-ahzh')  [Fr.,  wedging],     A  method  of  pi,, 
phylaxis  or  treatment  of  sea  sickness  by  fixation  ol  the 
viscera  by  pillows  placed  between  the  abdomen  and 


CALAMARY 


249 


CALCIUM 


the  wall  of  the  cabin  and  between  the  back  and  edge 
of  the  berth,  the  patient  lying  upon  theside. 

Calamary  \kal'-a»i-a-rc)  [itaAa/iapi,  inkstand].  Same 
as  Cuttle-bone. 

Calamin  {kalf -am-in)  [calamina,   a  corruption  of  cad 
mia\.      Native  zinc  carbonate.      Calamina  praparata, 
the  prepared  calamin,  washed  and  pulverized,  is  used 
mainly  a.-,  an  external  exsiccant  and  astringent.      I  n 
guentum  calamines,  Turner's  cerate.      In  of. 

Calamint,  Calaminth  [kal'-am-int  or  -minth).      Anv 
plant    of   the  labiate  genus    Calamint  ha.      The   cala- 
mints  are  aromatic  stimulants,  with  the  general  prop 
cities  of  the  other  mints,  such  as  pennyroyal.      Dnof. 

Calamistrum  [kal-am-isJ ' -triim)  [calamus,  areed].  In 
biology,  one  of  the  spines  found  on  the  hind-legs  of 
spiders,  used  in  arranging  the  silk  as  it  issues  from  the 
spinnerets. 

Calamus  {kalf -am-us)  [L. ,  a  reed:  gen.,  Calami"]. 
Sweet  Flag.  The  rhizome  of  Acorus  calamus.  It 
contains  a  volatile  oil  and  acorin,  a  bitter  nitrogenous 
principle.  The  root  is  an  aromatic,  stomachic  tonic,  and 
a  common  ingredient  of  many  popular  "bitters."  C, 
Ext.,  Fid.  Dose  Hbxv-gj.  C,  Draco,  a  species 
of  rattan-palm  that  affords  a  part  of  the  so-called 
Dragon's  Blood  {</.  v.)  of  commerce.  C.  scriptor- 
ius  (a  writing  pen  or  reed).  The  groove  on  the  floor 
of  the  fourth  ventricle,  at  the  end  of  which  is  the  ven- 
tricle of  Arantius. 

Calapitte  [kal'-ap-it)  [Mex.,  calappa,  the  cacao-tree]. 
A  concretion  found  occasionally  in  the  cocoa-nut ; 
vegetable  bezoar.  It  is  valued  as  an  amulet  in  the 
East. 

Calathidium  or  Calathium  {kal-ath-id'-e-um  or  kal- 
ath'-e-itni)  [icaTwdoQ ,  a  vase-shaped  basket].  In  biol- 
ogy, applied  to  the  flower-head  in  certain  of  the  Com- 
posite. 

Calathiform  [kal-ath' '-if-ortri)  [K&XaOoq,  a  vase-shaped 
basket ;  forma,  form].  In  biology,  shaped  like  a  cup, 
vase,  or  bowl,  hemispherical,  or  concave. 

Calberla's  Method.  A  method  of  imbedding  micro- 
scopic specimens  in  egg-emulsion.  The  white  of  sev- 
eral eggs  is  separated  from  the  yolks,  the  chalazae  re- 
moved, and  the  white  cut  up  with  a  pair  of  scissors. 
To  each  15  parts  of  white  add  one  part  of  a  10  per 
cent,  solution  of  sodium  carbonate  (10  parts  of  cal- 
cined sodium  carbonate  to  loo  parts  of  water).  To 
this  solution  add  the  well-shaken  yolks  and  again 
shake  well.  Four  the  mixture  into  a  deep  vessel,  al- 
low to  settle,  remove  the  scum,  and  the  mass  is  ready 
for  use.  The  specimens,  after  being  well  washed  in 
water,  are  placed  in  this  mass  until  permeated.  They 
are  then  fastened  with  pins  to  the  freshly-cut  surface 
of  a  piece  of  hardened  mass. 

Calcaneal  (hal-ha'-ne-al)  [calcaneum,  the  heel].  In 
biology,  relating  to  the  heel-bone,  or  calcaneum,  or  to 
a  tuberosity  in  birds,  resembling  the  calcaneum. 

Calcaneo-astragalar  [kal-ka' -ne-o-as-tragf -al-ar) .  See 
Calcaneo-astragaloid.  C.-astragaloid,  relating  to 
the  calcaneum  and  the  astragalus.  C.-cavus,  a  club- 
foot that  combines  the  characters  of  calcaneus  and 
cavus.  C. -cuboid,  belonging  to  the  calcaneum  and 
the  cuboid.  C. -scaphoid,  belonging  to  the  calcaneum 
and  the  scaphoid  bone.  C.-valgo-cavus,  club  foot 
combining  the  features  of  calcaneus,  valgus  and  cavus. 

Calcaneum  [kal-kar -ne-um)  [L.,  the  heel].  A  com- 
mon name  for  the<?.r  calcis  or  heel-bone. 

Calcaneus  [kal-ka'-ne-us)  [calcaneum,  the  heel]. 
Club-foot  in  which  the  heel  alone  touches  the  ground. 
the  instep  being  drawn  up  toward  the  shin. 

Calcar  {kal'-kar)  [L.,  a  spur].  1.  Any  spur  or  spur 
like  point,  as  the  hippocampus  minor.  2.  Ergot  of 
rye.     3.   The  calcaneum. 


Calcareous  [kal-ka'-re-us)  [calx,  limestone].  Per 
tabling  to  or  having  the  nature  of  lime-tone.  C 
Degeneration.      See  Degeneration. 

Calcarine  {kalf -kar-ln)    [calcar,  a.  spur].      Relatii 
the  hippocampus  minor.      C.  Fissure.     Sei    Fi    ure. 

Calceiform    [kal*  vi)    [calceus,   a    shoe;    forma, 

form].      In   biol  embling    in    shape  a   -hoe  or 

slipper,  as  the  corolla  of  certain  flowers. 

Calceolaria  {kal-se-o-la'-re-ak)  [I..,  like  a  slipper].  A 
genu-ol  scrophulariaceous  plants,  mostly  of  the  Andean 
region.  Many  ol  the  species  have  a  high  local  repute 
a-  alterative-  and  antisyphilitics ;  several  are  emetic 
and  purgative.      LJnof. 

Calcic  {kal'-sik)  [calx,  lime].  Of  or  pertaining  to  lime. 
C.  Inflammation  of- Gums  and  Peridental  Mem- 
brane. Inflammation  caused  and  maintained  by 
deposits  of  calculus  on  the  necks  of  the  teeth. 

Calcicosis  [kal-sik-o'-sis)  [calx,  lime;  v6aoq,  disease]. 
Marble-cutter'-  phthisis;  phthisis  due  to  the  inhala- 
tion of  marble-dust. 

Calcification     {kal-sif-ik-a'-shun)    [calx,   lime  ; 

to  become].  The  deposit  of  calcareous  or  other  in- 
soluble crystalline  matter  within  the  tissues  of  the 
body. 

Calcigerous  (kal-sijf -er-us)  [calx,  lime  ;  gerere,  to 
bear].  Containing  lime  or  a  lime-salt ;  as  the  calci- 
gerous cells  of  the  dentine,  or  calcigerous  tubule-  in 
bone. 

Calcigrade  {kalf -sig-rad)  [calx,  heel;  gredi,  to  walk]. 
Walking  on  the  heels. 

Calcination  [kal-sin-a' '-shun)  [calcinare,  to  calcine]. 
The  process  of  driving  off  the  volatile  chemical  con- 
stituents from  inorganic  compounds.  The  expulsion 
of  carbon  dioxid  from  carbonate-. 

Calcine  [kal'-sin  or  kal-sln/)  [calcinare,  to  calcine]. 
To  separate  the  inorganic  el<  ments  of  a  substance  by 
subjecting  it  to  an  intense  heat. 

Calcium  {kal'-se-um  [calx,  lime.~\[gcn.,Calcii~\.  Ca  ■= 
40;  quantivalence  11.  A  brilliant, silver-white  metal, the 
basis  of  lime  and  limestone,  characterized  by  strong 
affinity  for  oxygen,  and  isolated  with  great  difficulty. 
See  Elements,  Table  of.  It  is  best  known  in  the  form 
ol  calcium  oxid,  quicklime  ;  C.  hydrate,  slaked  lime  ; 
and  C.  carbonate,  chalk.  The  preparations  of  lime 
used  in  medicine  are  usually  alkaline  and  slightly 
astringent.  Calcium  oxid  is  a  powerful  escharotic. 
C.  benzoas,  Ca(C7H502)2,  used  in  nephritis  and 
albuminuria  of  pregnancy.  Dose  gr.  v— x.  C.  car- 
bonate Test.  See  Tests,  Table  of.  C.  chloridum, 
CaCL^  soluble  in  water.  Dose  gr.  x-xx.  C.  chlorid., 
Liq.  (B.  P.).  Dose  n\xv-l.  Calcii  bromidum. 
See  Bromin.  C.  Carb.  Precipitatus,  <  a<  <  > ...  insolu- 
ble in  water,  but  soluble  in  acid.-,  with  effervescence. 
Dose  gr.  v-xx.  C.  hypophosphis.  (  a„I'H.,<  >.,. 
Phosphorus.  C.  Phosphas  Precipiti,  (a  Pi 
SeePhosphorus.  Calcis  Liniment,  carron  oil,  contains 
equal  parts  of  lime-water,  and  olive  oil.  C,  Liquor, 
lime-water,  contains  about  I  !_>   parts  of  lime  in   ioco 


of  water.  Dose  5  ss-ij.  C.  Liq.  Saccharatus 
(B.  P.).  Dose  rn_xv-3j.  C,  Syr.,  saccharated 
syrup  of  lime,  contains  lime  65,  sugar  40,  water 
q.  s.  It  is  the  antidote  to  poisoning  by  carbolic 
or  oxalic  acid.  Dose  3  ss-ij.  Calx,  CaO,  cal- 
cium oxid,  quicklime,  not  used  internally.  C. 
chlorinata.  See  Chlorin.  C.  Sulphurata.  Dose 
gr.  ,',,-  Creta.  native  calcium  carbonate;  chalk. 
C.  Mist.,  consists  of  C.  pulv.  comp.  20,  cinnamon 
water  40,  water  40.  Dose  ^  ss.  C.  Preparata, 
chalk  freed  from  impurities  by  washing  and  elutriation. 
Dose  gr.  v— xx.  C.  Pulv.  Aromat.  I 1!.  I'  Dose  gr. 
x-gj.  C.  Pulv.  Aromat.  cum  Opii  (B.P  |.  Dose 
gr.  x—  jjj.     C.  Pulv.  Comp.,  compound  chalk-powder. 


t'AI  ill    VRY 


250 


CALLUS 


sugar  50   parts. 
D  -        Testa  pneparata,  prepared  oyster 

.x.     C.  trochisci.  each 
■  1  chalk   .  icia  I,  sugar  6,  with 

a  little  Dutm 
Calcularv  .tone].      Relating 

■  r  of  the  natu  :"-. 

Calculifragou-  l  stone  ; 

1  ithotritic  ;   breaking  or  redu- 

Calculous  ie]      '  "  llu'  "u- 

ulus. 
Calculus  [dim.  ol  «#]• 

\  n  found  in  the  blad- 

C,  Arthritic,  a   goutj  concretion. 
C.,Biliaxy,  C, Bronchial, a  concretion 

in  C,  Cutaneous.     Sec    Milium. 

C.    Dental,    tartar    on     the    teeth    or    Lmms.       C, 
Fusible,  a  urinary  calculus  composed  of    phosphates 
•a.  calcium,  and  magnesium.    C,  Lacteal, 
or  Mammary,  a  calcareous  nodule  sometimes  obstruct- 
ing usducts.     C,  Mulberry,  the  oxalate- 
ime  vari  1   mulberry  in  shape  and 
C,  Nasal.  C,  Prostatic, 
in   the                   -land.      C,    Renal,  a    calculus 
1(1  in  th                                      what  has  been  called 
ii  .     C,  Salivary,    one    forming   in  the 
ilivary    glands.      C,  Uterine,  an  in- 
trauterii                don;  awombstone;  formed  mainly  by 
teration  of  a  tumor.      C,  Vesical,  one 
that  may  have  originally  descended  from  the  kidney  or 
formed  primarily  in  the  bladder. 
Calea                       ['-•]■      -^  genus  of  tropical  American 
red    plant-.         C.     zacatechichi,    a 
dean  plant,  tonic,  antiperiodic,  and  a  hepatic  stimu- 
lant.     Unof. 
Caledonia  Brown.     See  Conspectus  of  Pigments,  under 

>it. 
Calefacient  [I    .     calidu  ,     warm; 

to  make].     I.   Warming;  producing  a  sensa- 
j.    A  medicine,  externally  applied,  that 
can-  >ation  of  warmth. 

Calefactor  ''-tor)   [caledus,   warm;    facere,  to 

•  ■].      A  warmer;  a  little,  portable  stove  ;  a  pocket 
eharing-di-h. 
Calendula    (Aal-en'-du-lah)    [calenda,  the  first  day  of 
month  :     g  a.,   Calendula\.        Marigold.       The 
vering  plant  known  as  the  garden-marigold,  C.offi.- 
C.,  Tinct.,  contains  20  percent    of  the  leaves 
1 1  i-  used  exclusively  as  a  local   applica- 
tion   to   wound-,    bruises,  and    ulcers,  and    has    been 
vaui  •    r  carcinoma. 

Calendulin  /i<-/i>n    [calenda,  the  first  day  of 

mth].       An     amorphous    principle    obtainable 
lendula. 
Calentur  5p., calentura, heat;   L.,calere, 

it].      A  ■  remittent  fever  with  delirium ; 

I   vei    ol    thi    kind  that  attacked 
ip  into  the  sea 
Calf  [Ml  thick  fleshy  posterior  portion 

C.-bone,  the  fibula.      C- 
Icnee.  tm. 

Cahces  of  the  Kidneys  {ha'-lis-ez).      Plural  of  Ca/vx. 
cup-lil  thai    encircle    the 

pyramids  of  tie-  kidni 
Calico  Bush  Kalmia  . 

California  ,],      A  western  State. 

C.    Buckthorn  C.    Elm. 

C.   Feverbush.     S  ya.      C. 

Laurel,  th<  .   com 

I    for 
lal    meningitis,     m 


ralgia,  etc.      Doseoffld.  ext.,gtt.  x— xxx.    C.  Poppy. 
Eschscholtzi  1  nica. 

Caligated  (kal'-ig-a-ted)  [caliga,  a  boot].  In  biology, 
applied  to  the  booted  tarsus  of  the  typical  os<  ine  bud-. 

Caligation  {kal-ig-a'-shun),ax  Caliginosity  [kal-ij-in- 
'-;/  e).     See  (  aligo, 

Calignani's  Operation.     See  Operations,   Table  1 

Caligo    [kal-i'-go)    [!-■]•       Dimness    ol     vision;     an 
itv  of  tin-  cornea,  (ens,  "i  vitreous  humor. 

Caligula  [kal-igf -u-laft)  [caliga, z  boot].  In  biology, 
applied  to  the  tarsal  envelop  of  oscine  birds. 

Caliology  (kal-e-ol' -o-je)  \_k<i'/ih,  a  nest;  /■,'</.  to 
speak].  In  biology,  the  systematized  knowledge  of 
birds'  nests. 

Calipers    (kal'-ip-erz)     [corruption   of  caliber].     Com 
ses  with  curved   legs  ;   they  are   used    in  vulcanite 
and    celluloid  dental  work   to  measure  the  thickn 
of  the   plate.     Calipers  are  used   also  in  pelvimetry, 
craniometry,  and  other  measurements  ol   parts  >>t  the 
body . 

Calisaya  [kal-is-a' -yaK)  [South  America].  Cinchona 
bark,  especially  that  of  Cinchona  calisaya.  See  Cin- 
chona. 

Calisthenics,  or  Callisthenics  {kal-is-thenf-iks),  [/.■</><» , 
beautiful;  odevog,  strength].     The  practise  of  various 
rhythmic  movements  of  the  body,  intended  to  develop 
the    muscles    and    produce   gracefulness   of   cam  a 
light   gymnastics,  especially  designed   for  the  use  ol 
girls  and  young  women. 

Callaway's  Test.  In  dislocation  of  the  shoulder  the 
loss  of  from  one  to  two  inches  in  the  vertical  circum- 
ference of  the  shoulder-joint  of  the  injured  sidt 
determined  by  measuring  with  a  tape-line  over  the 
acromion  and  through  the  axilla.  This  test  is  not 
reliable  after  traumatic  swelling  has  set  in. 

Callicarpa  [hal-ik-ar* -pah)  [i«i'/6r,  beautiful ;  nap 
fruit].  A  genus  of  verbenaceous  plants.  C.  ameri- 
cana,  a  shrub  of  the  U.  S. ,  called  "  French  Mul- 
berry," is  used  locally  for  skin-diseases  and  for  dropsy. 
Unof.  C.  bouplandiana,  of  South  America,  and 
C.  cana,  C.  lanata,  and  C.rheedii,of  the  E.  Indies, 
are  similarly  employed.      All  unof. 

Callisection  [kal-is-ek' 'shun)  [callus,  insensibility; 
sectio,  a  cutting].      Painless  vivisection. 

Callisen's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Callitriche  {kal-it'-rik-e\  [Kakbq,  beautiful  ;  0ptf,  hair]. 
A  genus  of  aquatic  herb-.  C.  heterophylla  and 
C.  verna  are  diuretic;  these  ami  other  species  afford 
a  mucilage  employed  as  a  hair-dressing  and  they  are 
used  in  domestic  practice  for  making  poultices.      I'nof. 

Callomania  [kal-o-ma' -ne-aK)  [xa'/nr,  beautiful  ;    pavia, 
madness].      The  mania  of  beauty  and  grace  ;    a  mono 
mania  in  which  the   patient   believes  herself   to    be    mi 
(lowed  with    extraordinary  beauty. 

Callosal  [kal-o'-sal)  [callosus,  hard].  Pertaining  to 
tin-  corpus  callosum. 

Callose  {kal'-os)  [callosus,  thick  skinned,  hard].  In 
biology,  having  hardened  -pot-  or  protuberances. 

Callositas  [kal-os1 '-it-as).      See  Callosity. 

Callosity  [cal-os' '-it-e)  [callus,  hardness].  Callositas, 
Tylosis,  Tyloma,  Keratoma.  A  hard,  thickene  I 
patch  on  the  skin  produced  by  excessive  accumulation 
of  tin-  horny  layer-. 

Calloso-marginal  lkal-o-so-marf-jin-al)[callosus,  hard  ; 
margo,  margin].  Relating  t<>  the  callosal  and  mar- 
ginal gyri  of  the  brain. 

Callosum  [kal-o'-sum).     Same  a-  ('orpin  Callosum. 

Callous  [kal'-us)  [callosus,  hard].  Hard;  tough,  like 
callus. 

Callus  {kalf-us)  [L.].  I.  A  callosity;  hardened  and 
thickened  skin.  2.  The  new  growth  of  incomplete 
osseous  tissue  that  surrounds  the  end-  of  a  fractured 


(\\  M  \\T 


251 


CAMATINA 


bone,  during    the  process  of   repair.     See    Callosity. 
C,   Permanent,  tin-  permanent   bond  ot  bony  union 
after  re  absorption  o(  the  C.  Provisional,  or  cartila 
[ike,  plastic  material    first  thrown   out.     C:  of   Skin, 
induration  and  thickening  ol  the  skin. 

Calmant  (kahm'-ant)  [ME.,  calme\  A  calmative 
medicine. 

Calmative  (ka(hW -mat-iv)  [ME.,  calme].  i.  Calm- 
ing; sedative  j.  An  agent  that  prod  in  <  s  a  calming 
or  sedative  effect. 

Calomel  (hal'-o-mel).     See  Hydrargyrum. 

Calophyllum  (kal-o-fiV -um)  [latiAc,  beautiful;  <2>iv/<.r, 
leaf],  A  genus  of  large  tropical  guttiferous  trees. 
Several  ■  •!  the  species  (as  ('.  tacamakaca,  C.  inophyl- 
lum)  yield  medicinal  oils  and  resins.     Unof. 

Calor  i  [1..  "heat "].      I.    Heat.      2.    Moderate 

fever  heat;  less  than  fervor and  ardor.  C.  animalis, 
animal  heat.  C.  febrilis,  fever-heat.  C.  fervens, 
boiling  heat.  C.  innatus,  natural  or  normal  heat. 
C.  mordicans,  biting  or  pungent  heat  (an  unfavorable 
symptom  of  typhus).  C.  nativus,  native  or  animal 
heat;  blood  heat;  normal  heat.  C.  internus,  inward 
fever  :    fever  not  appreciable  on  the  surface  of  the  body. 

Caloricity  (kal-or-is'-it-e)  [calor,  heat].  The  heat-pro- 
ducing power  of  the  living  animal  body. 

Calorie  (kal'-or-e)  [Fr.].      See  Calory. 

Calorifacient  {kal-or-if-a' '-she-ent)  [calor,  heat ;  facere, 
to  make].     Heat-producing  (applied  to  certain  food-  . 

Calorimeter  (kal-or-im' -et-er)  [calor,  heat ;  /uerpov,  a 
measure].  An  instrument  for  transforming  the  poten- 
tial energy  of  the  food  into  heat,  and  for  measuring  the 
number  of  heat-units  produced.  Two  forms  are  used, 
the  Water-Calorimeter  and  the  Ice-Calorimeter. 

Calorimetry  (hal-or-im'-et-re)  [calor,  heat;  utrpov,  a 
measure].  The  estimation  of  the  heat-units  by  the 
calorimeter. 

Calorimotor  [kal-or-im-o' -tor)  [calor,  heat ;  motor, 
mover].  A  galvanic  battery  that  produces  heating- 
effects,  generating  electricity  in  large  quantity,  but  not 
necessarily  with  a  high  electro-motive  force. 

Calorinesis  (kal-or-in'-es-is)  [calor,  heat  :  pi. ,  Calori- 
neses~\.  Any  disease  characterized  by  an  alteration  in 
the  quantity  of  animal  heat. 

Calory  (kal'-or-e)  [Fr. ,  Calorie],  A  heat-unit;  the 
amount  of  heat  required  to  raise  the  temperature  of 
one  kilogram  of  water  one  degree  Centigrade.  See 
I'll  it. 

Calotropis  (kal-ot'-ro-pis)  [/c«/.(5c,  beautiful ;  TpoTic,  a 
ship's  keel].  A  genus  of  E.  Indian  asclepiadaceous 
trees  and  shrubs.      See  Madar. 

Caltha  (kal'-tliah)  [L.].  A  genus  of  ranunculaceous 
herbs.  C.  palustris,  the  marsh-marigold  of  cold  and 
cool  regions;  it  is  vesicant  when  fresh.  It  is  often 
cooked  and  eaten  as  a  pot-herb.      Unof. 

Calumba  (kal-um'-bah)  [native  Mozambique,  kalumb~\. 
( 'olumbo.      The  root  of  C.  jateorrhiza,  native  to  South 
Africa  and  parts  of  the  F.  Indies.      It  is  an  excellent 
example  of  a  simple  bitter,  and  contains  a  bitter  prin- 
ciple, Calumbin,  C21H2207,  of    which    the  dose   is  gr. 
j-iij.      It  is  not  astringent,  and  may  be  prescribed  with 
salts  of  iron.      It  is  useful  in  atonic  dyspepsia,  and  as 
a  mild,  appetizing  tonic  in  convalescence.      C,  Ext. 
(B.  P.).    Dose  gr.  ij-x.   C,  Fid.  Ext.  Dose  n\v-xxx. 
C,    Infus.  (B.  P.).      Dose    £j-ij.      C,  Tinct.,  con- 
tains  ten    per    cent,    of    C.      Dose  3  ss-ij.      See  also 
American  Coin  mho. 
Calumbin  (kal-umf -bin).      See  Calumba. 
Calva  (kal'-vah).     Same  as  Calvaria. 
Calvaria  [kal  var -re-ah)  [calva,  the  scalp] .     The  upper 

part  of  the  skull. 
Calvarian  (kal-va' '-re-an)  [calva,  the  scalp].     Relating 
to  the  calvaria. 


Calvarium  (kal-va'-re-um).     See  Calvaria. 

Calvert's  Test.     See  Tests,   I 

Calvities  [kal-vish' '-e-ez)  [calvus,  bald].  baldness, 
e  peciallj  genera)  o]  senile  baldness.  See  Alopecia. 
C.  senilis.     See    / 

Calx  [kalks)  [L.].  The  heel.  In  chemistry,  a  name 
formerly  applied  t<,  any  oxid  of  a  in'  :  1  ially  m 

alkaline  metal,  and  chiefly  to  lime,  or  oxid  ol  calcium. 
CaO.      See  ( '<//-  ium. 

Calycanthemous   (kal-ik-an' -them-us)    [koKv^,   cal 
tut'  flower].     In  biology,  with  petaloid  sepals. 

Calycanthin    [Jtal-ik-an' '-thin)    iMi/rc,    calyx  ; 

(lower],  *    ,,11  ,_<>,.,.      A   glucosid  obtained  from   cer- 
tain plants  of  the  genu-  <  alycanthu-. 

Calycanthus    (kal-ik-an' -thus)    \j.n'/i-,    calyx;    a 
flower],      A   -.1111-  of  North   American   shrubs.      C, 
floridus,  the  Carolina  allspice,  sweet-shrub,  or  bubby, 
is  tonic,   emetic,  and  antifebrile'.      C.  occidentalis  is 
the  California  ^w<•et-shrub.     Unof. 

Calycifiorate  (kal-is-e-JU/ -rat)  [calyx,  calyx;  flos, 
flower].  In  biology,  with  the  petals  and  stamens 
borne  on  the  cah  \. 

Calycine  [kaV-is-in  |    |  calyx].     In  biology,  per- 

taining to  or  resembling  a  calyx. 

Calycle  (kal'-ik-l)  [calyculus ,  a  little  calyx].  In  bio- 
logy, applied  to  parts  that  resemble  a  calyx,  as  the  bracts 
or  leaflets  of  certain  plants,  or  the  cup-cells  of  zoo- 
phytes. 

Calycular  [kal-ik' '-u-lar)  [calyculus,  a  calycle].  1. 
In  biology,  having  bracts  resembling  accessory  calices 
or  a  cup-cell  resembling  a  calycle.  2.  An  old  name 
for  the  plant  Hyoscyamus. 

Calymna  [kal-im'-nah)  [KaKvttrta> ,  to  cover,  hide]. 
A  jelly-like  envelop  of  radiolarians. 

Calyphyomy  (kal-if-i' -o-me)  [ku'/i;,  a  calyx  ;  tfweiv,  to 
grow].  In  biology,  the  growing  together  of  sepals 
and  petals. 

Calyptera  (kal-ip-te'-rah)  [KokoTzriipvov,  a  covering]. 
In  biology,  the  tail  coverts  of  birds. 

Calyptoblastic  (kal-ip-to-blas'-tik)  [Kahmr6q,  covered; 
ji'/acToc,  a  germ].  In  biology,  having  capsulated  gen- 
erative buds,  as  the  campanularian  and  sertularian  hy- 
droids. 

Calyptra  (kal-ip'-trah)  [Ka'/.vTzrpa,  a  veil].  In  biology. 
a  hood-like  body  covering  the  fruit-organ  in  plant-,  as 
the  modified  archegonium  of  mosses,  or  the  united 
bracts  of  some  flowers. 

Calyptrate  ikal-ip'-trat)  [m7  vtrrpa,  a  veil].  In  biology, 
having  a  hood-like  investment. 

Calyptrogen  (kal-ip'-tro-gen)  [mXvirTpa,  a  veil  ;  yivijc, 
producing].      In  biology,  the  root-cap. 

Calyx  (ka'-liks)  [mlv%,  the  cups  or  calyx  of  a  flower: 
//. ,  Calices'].  In  biology,  applied  to  various  cup-like 
ensheathing  structure-,  as  the  funnel-shaped  tissues 
surrounding  the  Malpighian  pyramids  of  the  kidney, 
the  cups  of  a  polyzoan,  or  a  Crinoid  ;  an  ovarian  cap- 
sule. C.  of  Ovum,  the  wall  of  the  C-raalian  follicle 
from  which  the  ovum  has  escaped. 
Camass  (ham-as')  [nat.  American  Indian].  The  edible 
bulb  of  Camassia  esculenta,  C.  fraseri,  or  C.  leicht 
Unit,  squill-like  plants  of  Western  N.  America.  Death 
Camass,  the  poisonous  root  or  bulb  of  Zygadenus  rcu- 
enosus ;  called  also  hog's  potato,  as  it  is  eaten  by 
swine.  The  bulb  or  corm  of  the  Blue  Camass  [Bro- 
dicea  grandi/lora) ,  is  also  considered  poisonous,  al- 
though it  may  be  eaten. 
Camata  (kak-mah' -tah)  [origin unknown].  The  dried 
acorns  of  Quercus  <r^ilops ,  used  in  the  art-  lor  their 
astringency.  See  Camatiua  and  Valonia. 
Camatina  (kah-iiiah -tc'-nah)  [origin  unknown].  The 
immature  acorns  of  Quercus  agi  used  in  the  arts 
for  their  astringency.      See  Camata  and  Valonia. 


t  AMBIFORM 


(    \M1'I  K  »1< 


Cambiform  ambium  ; 

.  shape].     In  biology,  applied  to  narrow,  thin- 

ulent  cells,  often  found  in  connection  with 

.c  tubes,  but  whose  nature  is  not  well  understood. 

Cambi-Resin    [Easl    Indian].     The  resinous  juice  of 

i  an   I      Indian  plant.      It   has  b 

immended  for  u~<-  in  hospital  dressings,  from  which 

it 
Cambium  [L.].      In  biology,  a  layi 

u_.  tween  th  and  the  bark  ol  exog- 

li   is  i  extremely  delicate, 

ihii  led  with  protoplasm  and  organiz- 

ing like  .1  thin  film  of 

mu 
Cambogia  •  "r  Cambod 

intryin  Farther  India],    Gamboge     A.  resinous  gum 

i,  a  tree   native   to   Southern 

\,  Its  pi       ■'    >  an   due  to  ■      '<  is 

dly  diuretic.   C, 
Pil.  Comp.,     B.  P    .  contains   gamboge,    Barbai 

md  powder  of  cinnamon,  and 

.  • .  \  -x.      It  is  also  officially  a  constit- 

Pil.  Cath.  Comp.     Sec  Cohcynth.     Dose  gr. 

ij-v. 

Cambuca    {iam-bu'-kah)   [L.].      An  old  name  for  a 

bul  ulcer. 

Camel's  Hair.    The  hair  of  the  camel,  usedin  Africa, 
Asia  Minor,  and  the  <  laucasus,  and  latterly  in  Europe, 
the   manufacture  of  woven   goods,  that  are  made 
from  th  iched  hair.       C.'s-h.  Brush,  a  small 

tine  brush  used  for  making  various  applications  to  the 
surface  of  the  body,  and  for  cleansing  the  ear,  etc. 
Camelina  |  kam  el-i'-nah)   [x,n""-  dwarf;  Tuvov,   flax], 
ruciferous  plants.     C.  sativa,  the  gold 
of  ■  A  cruciferous  plant   of  the  old   world, 

naturalized  in   N.    America.      Its  seeds  afford  a  fixed 
oil ;    the  plant   itself  was   formerly  esteemed   in  eye- 
l  nof. 
Camellia     kam  el'-e-aK)  [after  Kamel,  a  scientist  of  the 
otury],     A  genus  of  shrubs.     C.  the- 
ifera. 
Camellin  [see   Camellia'],  C53H84019.       A 

d  from  the  seeds  of  Camellia  japonica. 
Camembert  Cheese.     See  Ch 

Camera       '.-.'-.  --ah]    [  an    arched    roof    or 

chamber].       In     biology,     a     chamber     or     vaulted 

.  the  chamber  or  dark  box  of  the 

igraphy.     C.  cordis,  the  envel- 

•    the   heart,  the   pericardium.      C. 

of   Cranium,  the  chamber  <>f  the  skull.     C.  lucida, 

i  superimposing  or  combining  two 

invented  by  the  chemist 

■  n.     C.  oculi,  the  chamber  of 

Camerate  1  ,    a    vault].       In 

Camerer's  Method.  A  methi  id  of  i  >timating  uric  acid 
in  the  urine.  It  is  done  by  means  of  Salkowski's 
maj  if  crystallized  magnesium 

i  ammonium  chlorid,  four  pan 

124,    nd  1  ight  parts  of 
i  the  addition  of 

Camenne  It].      In   biol 

a  f  numulite  limestone. 

Cameritelou\  ,      a     vault; 

rs  that  spin  intri 

Camerostom  1  a    vault; 

|.     In  b  lulted  1  ovei    of 

the   ' 

Camisole  r.].     'I  he  straight  ja<  I  ■  t,  for- 


Camomile,  or  Chamomile  [kam' '-o-mll).  See  Anthemis 
and    Matricaria. 

Campana  [kam-pa'-nah).      See    Pulsatilla. 

Camp  Cure.  Life  in  camp  and  in  the  open  aii.  adopted 
as  a  therapeutic  measure.  C.  Fever.  Synonym  of 
Tvphus  Fever.  C.  Measles,  an  epidemic  of  measles 
among  soldiers. 

Campani's    Ocular.     See   Ocular.     C.    Tests.       See 
,.  Table  of. 

Campanula  [kam-pan'-u-lah)  [I..,  "a  little  bell"]. 
1.  Any  bell-shaped  part  or  process  2.  A  genus  of 
plants  with  bell-shaped  flowers :  blue-bell:  Canterbury 
bell.  Several  of  the  species,  as  C.  trac helium  and  ('. 
glomerata  have  been  employed  in  medicine,  as  d<  tei 
gents,  astringents,  and  vulneraries.      Unof. 

Campanulate  (ham-pan* '-u-ldt)  [campanula,  a  little 
bell].     Bell-shaped. 

Camper's  Angles.  See  Angle.  C.  Ligament.  See 
Ligament.  C.  Lines.  See  Lines,  Table  of.  C.  Plane. 
See  Plain-.     C.  Profile  Line.     See  Profile  Line. 

Camphene  [ham-fin' ,or  kam' '-fin)  [camphor],  Cj0H]g. 
The  solid  terpene  obtained  from  pinene  halogen  hydrid 
by  the  elimination  of  the  haloid  acid. 

Camphenes  (ham'-finz)  [camphor].  The  volatile  oils 
or  hydrocarbons  having  the  general  formula  (  ,,,11,,;, 
isomeric  with  oil  of  turpentine.  Many  camphenes 
exist  ready-formed  in  plants,  as  oil  of  cloves,  etc. 
They  are  liquid  at  ordinary  temperatures.  They  are 
also  called  terpenes,  but  by  some  authorities  the  latter 
is  made  the  generic  name  of  all  the  volatile  hydrocar- 
bons having  the  formula  C,0H16,  while  the  name 
camphene  is  limited  to  those  teq^enes  that  are  solid  at 
ordinary  temperatures. 

Camphoid  (ham'-foid)  [camphor],  A  substitute  for 
collodion.  It  is  a  solution,  one  in  40,  of  pyroxylin, 
in  ei]ual  parts  by  weight  of  camphor  and  absolute 
alcohol.  It  may  be  used  as  a  vehicle  for  applications 
to  the  skin.  The  application  dries  in  a  few  minutes, 
leaving  an  elastic  opaque  film,  not  easily  washed  oil. 

Campholic  Acid  {kam  fol'-ik).      See  Acid,  Campholic. 

Campho-phenique  1  kam  'i  [!•>.].     A  proprie 

tary  preparation  combining  camphor  and  phenol  ;    it  is 
recommended  as   an    antiseptic   and    local    stimulant. 

Camphor     (kam' -fur)     [camphora,     camphor  : 

Camphora],  C10H16O.  A  solid  volatile  oil  ob- 
tained from  Cinnamomum  camphora,  a  tree  indig- 
enous to  Eastern  Asia.  It  yields  camphoric  and  cam- 
phretic acids,  also  C.  Cymol  when  distilled  with  zinc 
•  chlorid.  It  is  a  valuable  antispasmodii  .  anodyne  and 
diaphoretic.  Applied  locally,  it  is  an  excellent  rube 
facient.  It  is  a  moderate  cerebral  excitant.  It  is 
effectual  in  cholera,  vomiting,  cardiac  depression  and 
affections  requiring  an  antispasmodic.  C.,aqua,  con- 
sists of  camphor  S,  alcohol  5,  precipitated  calcium 
phosphate  5,  distilled  water  q.  s.  ad  iooo  parts.  I 
zj-iv.  C.  Ball,  an  English  preparation  used  as  an 
application  to  chapped  skin.  lis  composition  is  sper- 
maceti 4,  white  wax  12.  oil  of  almonds  5;  melt  in 
a  water  bath,  and  add  flowers  ol'  camphor  .).  Dis- 
solve and  when  nearly  cold  pour  into  boxes  or  mould 
in  gallipots.  C.Borneo.  See  Borneol.  C.  Carbo- 
lated,  a  mixture  of  21,'  parts  ol  camphor  with  "in- 
each  of  carbolic  and  and  alcohol.  A  good  antiseptic 
dressing  for  wounds.  C,  ceratum,  consists  of  cam 
phor  liniment  I.  white  wax  },  and  lard  (>.  I  sed 
lor  itching  skin-affections.  C,  Chloral,  a  fluid  pre- 
pared by  mixing  equal  parts  of  camphor  and  chloral 
hydrate.  It  is  an  excellent  solvent  lor  many  alka- 
loid-. I  si  '1  exti  mally.  C.-ice,  the  erratum  cam- 
phora composition,  X.  F.  C,  linimentum,  has 
camphor    J  1    oil     So    parts.       C,    LinU 

ment.   Comp.  (B.   P.),  contains  camphor  and  oil  of 


CAMPHl  IRIC   ACID 


253 


CANAL 


lavender  dissolved  in  rectified  spirit,  and  strong  solu- 
tion of  ammonia  added.  C,  Monobromated,  <  „,I  I15- 
BrO,  camphor  in  which  one  atom  of  hydrogen  has 
been  replaced  by  an  atom  of  bromin.  It  resembles 
the  bromids  in  therapeutic  action.  Dose  gr.  j— x,  in 
emulsion.  C.  salicylate,  prepared  bj  beating  to- 
gether 14  parts  of  camphor  with  11  of  salicylic  acid, 
[t  is  used  as  an  ointment.  C,  Spt.,  contains  camphor  10, 
alcohol  70,  water  20  parts.  I  tose  rtyv-xx.  C,  Tinct., 
Comp.  (B.  P.),  contains  opium,  benzoic  acid,  camphor, 
oil  of  anise,  and  proof  spirit.  Dose  n^xv-gj.  C. 
Tinct.,  Rubini's.  Unof.  A  saturated  solution  of 
camphor  in  alcohol.  Dose  gtt.  iv-x.  Raspail's 
"  Eau  Sedative."  Unof.  Contains  aq.  ammoniae5ij, 
sodium  chlorid  3  ij,  camph.  spt.  wine  3  iij,  water  Oij. 
I  Fsed  externally. 

Camphoric  Acid  [kam-forf -ill).     See  Acid. 

Camphoronic  Acid  t  kam-fo-ronf  //•)•     See  Acid. 

Camphors  [kam/-forz\  [camp&ora,  camphor].  Peculiar- 
smelling  substances  containing  oxygen  and  intimately 
related  to  the  terpenes.  They  are  often  found  with 
the  latter  in  plant-secretions  and  can  be  artificially 
prepared  by  oxidizing  the  same. 

Camphylene  (ham' '  -fil-in)\camphora,  camphor], C10l  l]i;. 
1.  A  liquid  terpene  produced  by  decomposing  cam- 
phene  with  lime  at  a  great  heat.  2.  A  commercial 
name  for  naphthalin,  occurring  in  blocks  that  are  sold 
for  protecting  furs  and  woolens  from  moths,  and  are 
placed  in  urinals  for  disinfecting  purposes. 

Campimeter  [kam-pim'-et-er).     See  Perimeter. 

Camplin's  Biscuits.     See  Biscuits. 

Campsis  (hamp/-sis)  [_K.ap.ipig,  a  curving].  Any  abnormal 
curvature  or  flexion. 

Campterium  [kamp-te* '-re-urn)  [Kapirrfyp,  a  bending]. 
In  biology,  the  anterior  border  of  the  wing;  the  bend 
of  the  wing. 

Campylochirus  [kam-pil-o-ki' '-rus)  \_Kfiu-i'Aog,  crooked  ; 
Xf!f>,  hand].      Having  distorted  hands. 

Campylorrhachis  {kam-pil-orf  -a-kis)  [/ca '/  ~  v  /  or, 
crooked;  pt'iy/c,  backbone].  A  fetus  witli  spinal 
deformity.  » 

Campylorrhinus(/J'(CW-/>//-'l-r//-;//ri-)  \_Knn-r7 or, crooked; 
p  c ,   nose].      A   monstrosity  with    a    deformity  of  the 

Campylospermous  {kam-pil-o-sper* '-mus)  [/>-««-// or, 
curved  ;  arrtptia,  a  seed].  In  biology,  applied  to  seeds 
having  the  material  curved  so  as  to  form  longitudinal 
furrows. 

Campylotropal  {ham-pil-otf -ro-pal~)  \_i<an-ri ■'/!>■■,  curved; 
TpineLv,  to  turn].  In  biology,  applied  to  ovules  or 
seeds  that  are  bent  or  curved  on  themselves. 

Canada  {katt' -a-dafi)  [Sp.].  A  British  possession  in 
Xorth  America.  C.  Balsam.  See  Bahamian  can- 
adense.  For  its  uses  in  microscopy,  see  Mounting 
Media.  C.  Snakeroot,  the  root  of  Asarum  canadense. 
See  Asarum.      C.  Hemp.      See  Apocynum. 

Canadian  {kan-af -de-ari)  \Canadd_\.  Pertaining  or 
belonging  to  Canada. 

Canadol  [kan'-ad-ol).      A  transparent  volatile  liquid  re- 
sembling benzene  in  smell.      It   is   an   excellent  local 
anesthetic  for  minor  surgical   operations.      Unof. 
also   Gasoleur. 

Canaigre  [kan-a'-grd)  [Sp.].  The  Rumex  kvmeno- 
sepa/us,  a  plant  of  Texas,  Mexico,  Utah  ami  Cali- 
fornia. The  root  is  highly  astringent:  the  sour  stalks 
are  used,  like  rhubarb-stalks,  in  making  pies.      Unof. 

Canal,  or  Canalis  {kan-al ' ,  or  kan-a'-lis)  [canna,  a 
reed  or  tube].  1.  A  tube  or  duct  for  carrying  the 
fluids  of  the  body.  2.  A  hollow  instrument  used  as 
a  splint.  C,  Abdominal.  See  C,  Inguinal.  C, 
Abital.  See  C. ,  Aphodal.  C,  Aerial.  See  C,  Air. 
C,  Afferent.     See   C,  Incurrent.      C,  Air,  a  cavity 


containing  air,  such  a-  exists  in  mo  ible organs; 

it  i^  formed  lis  an  am  1  ol  development  or  by  a  destruc- 
tion oi  some  of  the  anatomic  elements.  C,  Al- 
cock's,  a  strong  sheath  of  the  obturator  layer  of  tin- 
pelvic  fascia  containing  the  internal  pudi<  artery.  C, 
Alimentary,  the  whole  digestive  tube  from  the  mouth 
1..  ill.-  aim-.  C,  Ali sphenoid,  in  comparative  anatomy, 
a  canal  in  the  alisphenoid  hone,  opening  anteriorly  into 
the  foramen  rotundum,  and  transmitting  the  external 

nd  artery.  C,  Alveolar,  Anterior,  one  located 
in  the  superior  maxilla;  it  transmits  the  anterior  supe- 
rior dental  nerve.  C,  Alveolar,  Inferior,  the  inferior 
denial  1  anal.      C,  Alveolar,  Median,  om  1  in 

the  superior  maxilla  and  transmitting  tie-  middle  su] 
rioi    dental    nerve.      C,    Alveolar,    Posterior,    1 
situated    in    the    superior   maxilla;     it    transmits    the 
posterior  superior  dental  nerve-.     C,  Alveolo-dental, 

' '.,  Dental.     C,  Ambulacral,  in  the  Echinoa 
iiiata.  branches  of  the  circular  canal.      C,  Anal,  leads 
from  the    rectum   to  the  external   opening  of  the  anus. 
C,  Aphodal,  in  certain    sponges,  one  connecting  a 
chamber  with  an  excurrent  canal.      C,  Apical,  in 
Ctenophora,  two  canals  extending  from   the  funnel  to 
the   apical  pores.      C,  Aquiferous.     1.    Canals  that 
in  many  molluscs  traverse  the  substance  of  the   I 
opening   externally  by    pores,  or    internally  into    the 

id  sinuses.  2.  In  the  Entozoa,  a  series  of  ramify- 
ing excretory  canals,  with  blind  extremities,  converging 
to  a  common  canal  that  opens  externally.  C,  Arach- 
noid, a  space  formed  beneath  the  arachnoid  membrane 
of  the  brain  ;  it  transmits  the  venae  magna-  <  ialeni.  C. 
of  Arantius,  the  ductus  venosus.  C,  Archinephric, 
the  duct  of  the  archinephron  or  primitive  kidney. 
C,  Arterial.  See  Ductus  arteriosus.  C,  Atrial, 
the  cavity  of  the  atrium.  C,  Auditory,  External, 
that  from  the  auricle  to  the  tympanic  membrane.  C, 
Auditory,  Internal,  that  beginning  on  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  petrous  bone,  and  extending  outward 
and  backward  for  a  distance  of  about  four  lines  ;  it 
transmits  the  auditory  and  facial  nerves,  and  the  audi- 
tory artery.  C,  Auricular.  1.  See  C. ,  Audit 
External.  2.  The  constriction  between  the  auricular 
and  ventricular  portions  of  the  fetal  heart.  C,  Avant, 
the  anterior  portion  of  the  male  urethra.  C  Axial, 
in  certain  Echinodermata,  the  central  canal  of  a 
brachium,  opening  into  the  alimentary  canal.  C, 
Bartholin's,  the  duct  of  Bartholin's  "land.  C.  of 
Bernard,  a  supplementary  duct  of  the  pancreas.  Also 
called  Santorini's  canal.  C,  Bichat's.  See  C, 
Arachnoid.  C.  Biflex.  See  Gland,  fnterungulate. 
C,  Biliary.  See  (.'..  Hepatic.  C,  Biliary,  Inter- 
lobular, canals  situated  between  the  acini  of  the  li 
containing  small  branches  of  the  portal  vein,  etc.  C, 
Blastoporic.  See  C.  Neurenteric.  C.  of  Bone,  a 
canaliculus  of  bone.  C  ,  Braun's.  See  C.  Neuren- 
teric. C,  Braune's,  the  continuous  passage  for 
by  the  uterine  cavity  and  the  vagina  during  labor, 
after  full  dilatation  of  the  os.  C  ,  Breschet's.  S 
C.  of  the  Diploc.  C,  Bullular.  Sect',  of  Petit. 
C,  Carinal,  an  air-canal  in  the  Equiseta,  situated  on 
the  inner  side  of  the  xylem.  C,  Carotic.  See  ('., 
Carotid.  C  Carotico-tympanic,  two  or  three  short 
canals  extending  from  the  carotid  canal  to  the  tym- 
panum ;  they  transmit  branches  of  the  carotid  plexus. 
C,  Carotid,  one  in  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone;  it  transmits  the  internal  carotid  artery.  C.  of 
Cartilage,  the  canals  in  ossifying  cartilage,  during  its 
vascularization  intended  to  receive  prolongations  of 
the  osteogenetic  layer  of  the  periosteum.  They  radiate 
in  all  directions  from  the  center  of  ossification.  C, 
Central  (of  the  modiolus'!,  a  canal  running  from  the 
base  to  the  apex  of  the  cochlea.    C,  Central  (of  spinal 


I    WAI 


25 » 


(   WAI. 


cordi,  the  small  canal  that  extends  through  the  center 
of  the  spinal  cord  from  lh<  conus  medullaris  to  the 
lowi  trii  le.      It  represents 

anal.     C,   Cerebro-spinal, 

i      I  he  iuu:  irmed  bj  the 

;  and  lh(  lining  the  brain  and  spinal 

mai  All>   "'   'he 

or  less 

1  in  the  latter,  but  in  the  former 

■mi  of  the  several  ventricles  and  other 

C,  Cervical.      -  n.     C, 

Ccrvico-uterine.     See  C.  of  Cervix 

Uteri,  that  |  t  the  uterine  canal  that  extends 

.  the  internal  and  external  os.     C.  of  Chorda 

Tympani,   a  small  canal  in  the  temporal  bone,  be- 

us  portions,  parallel  with 
;  it  transmits  the  chorda  tympani 
C,  Chyleaqueous,  in  certain  invertebrates,  a 
water  and  digestive  pro- 
duct-      C,  Ciliary.  C,  Cir- 
cular, in  thi                            .  a  vessel  surrounding  the 
1  with  th               r  by  the  madre- 
nal,  and  .                          mbulacral  canals.     C. 
clavellaris,  in  i                        al  canal  running  into  the 
olfa                                               C.,   Cloacal.      See  ('. , 
C.  of  Cloquet.      See  C,  Hyaloid.      C, 
Cochlear,    the    spiral    ami    snail-like    cavity    of    the 
in.    long.      The    base    is    turned 
inward  toward  the  internal  auditory  meatus,  and  the 
\   outward  toward    the  tympanum.      C.  of  Com- 
munication, in  the  embryo  of  the  fowl,  canals  that 
run  from  the  cavity  of  each  protovertebra  to  the  pleuro- 
C.|  Connecting,  the  arched  or  coiled 
of  a  uriniferous  tubule,  joining  with  a  collect- 
tubule.     C,  Corona,  in  biology,  the  coronal  in- 
ne  of  Al               Same  as  Pouch  corona.     C.  of 
Corti,  the  triangular  canal  formed  by  the  pillars  of 
se  of  which  corresponds  to  the  membrana 
It    extends    over  the  entire  length  of  the 
lamina    spiralis.      C.   of   Cotunnius.      See  Aqueduct 
C,   Cranio-vertebral.      Sec    C, 
nd    »'..    Neural.     C,    Crural.     5 
C,  Ctenophoral,  in  the   Clenopkora, 
t  canals  connected  at  right  angles  with  the  tertiary 
d  canals,  and  corresponding  in  their  course  with 
tive  bands.     C.  of  Cuvier,  the  ductus 
C,    Cystic,  the    cystic    duct.      C.   of   De 
Candolle.     See  C,   Medullary.     C.,  Deferent,  the 
C,    Demicircular.      See   C,    Semi- 
C     Dental,    Anterior,    one    extending 
into  the    facial    portion   of   the    superior   maxilla;    it 
tra:                             ir  dental  .  es.     C, 
Dental,    Inferior,   the    dental   canal    of   the    inferior 
ilia;    it    transmits  the   inferior  dental  and 
C,   Dental,   Posterior,  two  canals    in   I 
r  maxilla.     They  transmit  the  superior  posterior 
C,  Dentinal,  thi    i 
ling  approximately  at  right- 
of  a  tooth  from  I            Ip  cavity, 
mentum  and  enam 
C,  Digestive.                          nentary.     C.  of  Diploe, 
in    the   d                            •  ranium    transmitting 
C,  Efferent.      I.         ■    '    .  /      ur- 
ting  the  testicles 
C,    Ejaculatory. 
Du                                 C.  of  Epididymis,  a  convoluted 

■' .  f  rming 
the  •  I,,. 

C.  Eschricht's  Yellow,  in  f  the  .  a 

fertilizing  canal, 
■minating  in    i  C.,    Eth- 

moidal,   Anterior,  i    the    ethmoid 


frontal  bones;  it  transmits  the  nasal  branch  of  the 
ophthalmic  nerve,  and  the  anterioi  ethmoidal  ves 
sels.  C,  Ethmoidal,  Posterior.  See  (.,  Orbital, 
,  Internal.  C,  Eustachian,  one  in  the 
petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  containing  a 
portion  of  the  Eustachian  tube.  C,  Excurrent,  in 
sponges,  the  tubes  that  carr)  water  from  the  ciliated 
chambers  to  the  exterior.  C,  Facial,  the  aqueduct 
of  Fallopius;  it  transmits  the  facial  nerve.  C,  Fal- 
lopian. See  Aqueduct  of  Fallopius.  C,  Femoral. 
I.  The  inner  compartment  of  the  sheath  of  the  femoral 
vessels  behind  Poupart's  ligament;  a  femoral  hernia 
descends  through  this.  2.  See  ('..  Hunter's.  C.  of 
Ferrein,  a  triangular  channel,  supposed  to  exist 
between  tb<  Iges  of  the  eyelids  when  they  are 

closed,  and    to  Serve    for    Conducting    the    tears  toward 

the  puncta  lachrymalia  during  sleep.  C,  Fertilizing, 
in  many  cestoda,  a  tube  connecting  the  vagina  and  the 
uterus.  C,  Fibro-adipose,  in  certain  fishes,  a  canal, 
tilled  with  adipose  tissue,  on  the  dorsal  side  of  the  neural 
canal.  C.  of  Fontana,  a  series  of  small  spai  es  lormed 
by  the  interlacing  of  the  connective  tissue  fibers  of 
the  framework  of  the  peripheral  proci  >es  of  the 
iris,  situated  in  the  angle  of  the  anterior  cham- 
ber, and  serving  as  a  medium  for  the  transudation 
of  the  aqueous  humor  from  the  posterior  to  the 
anterior  chamber  of  the  eye.  They  are  also  called  ('. 
of  ffovius,  C,  Ciliary,  and  Fontana? s  Spaas.  C, 
Galactophorous,  the  lactiferous  tubules  of  the 
mammary  gland.  C.  of  Gartner,  in  the  female,  a 
relic  of  the  main  portion  of  the  Wolffian  duct  of 
the  embryo;  it  is  a  tube  extending  from  the  broad 
ligament  of  the  uterus  to  the  wall  of  the  uterus  and 
vagina.  C,  Gastro-vascular,  in  the  //. 
canals  extending  from  the  stomach  into  the  substance 
of  the  disc  of  the  umbrella.  C,  Genital,  in  com- 
parative anatomy,  any  (anal  designed  for  copulation 
or  for  the  discharge  of  ova.  C,  Gonocalycine,  a 
sv-tem  of  canals  found  in  the  gonocalyx  of  the  Ily- 
drozoa.  C.  of  Groin.  See  C,  Inguinal.  C.  of 
Guidi.  See  ('. ,  Vidian.  C,  Gynecophoric,  in 
Bilharzia,  a  groove  extending  from  a  little  below  the 
ventral  sucker  to  the  end  of  the  tail.  It  lodges  the 
female  during  copulation.  C.  of  Havers.  See  C, 
Haversian.  C,  Haversian,  canals  in  the  compact 
stance  of  bone  forming  a  wide-meshed 
network,  and  establishing  communication  between 
the  medullary  cavity  and  the  surface  of  the  bone 
Their  average  diameter  is  rT,T  inch,  and  they 
are  lined  by  a  continuation  of  the  endosteum ;  they 
transmit  blood-vessels,  lymph-vessels  and  nerves. 
C,  Hemal,  one  in  the  ventral  surface  of  the  vertebral 
column,  enclosed  by  the  hemal  arches;  it  is  incom- 
plete in  certain  portions.  C.  of  Henle,  a  portion  of 
the  uriniferous  tubules.  C,  Hepatic.  I.  The  exi 
tory  duet  of  the  liver.  2.  The  radicles  of  the  hepatic 
C,  Hernial,  one  transmitting  a  hernia.  C. 
of  Hovius.  See  C.  of  Fontana.  C.  of  Huguier. 
See  C.  of  the  Chorda  Tympani.  C,  Hunter's,  a 
triangular  canal  formed  in  the  adductor  magnus 
mu<  the  thigh;  it  transmits  the  femoral  artery 

and  vein  and  internal  saphenous  nerve.  C.  of 
Huschke,  one  formed  by  tin-  junction  of  the  tuber- 
of  the  annulus  tympanicus.  This  is  generally 
iter  the  fifth  year,  but  may  persist  through 
life.  C,  Hyaloid,  an  irregularly-cylindrical  canal 
running  antero  posteriorly  through  the  vitreous  body, 
through  which  in  the  fetus  the  hyaloid  artery  pas 
to  ramify  on  the  posterior  surface  of  the  crystalline 
lens.  C,  Hyapophyseal,  in  birds,  that  formed  by 
the   inferior  spinous   pro  of   the  upper  cervical 

;   i|   transmits  the  carotid   artery.      C,  Inci- 


CANAL 


255 


CANAL 


sive.  See  ('.,  Incisor.  C,  Incisor,  a  canal  that 
opens  into  the  mouth  by  an  aperture  just  behind  the 
incisor  teeth  of  the  upper  jaw;  it  is  formed  byagroove 
on  the  adjoining  surfaces  oi  the  superior  maxillae,  and 
has  two  branches  thai  open  into  the  nasal  fossae.  C, 
Incurrent,  in  sponges,  the  canals  that  convey  water 
from  the  exterior  to  the  ciliated  chambers.  C,  Infra- 
orbital, a  small  canal  running  obliquelj  through  the 
bony  floor  of  the  orbit;  it  transmits  the  infraorbital 
artery  and  nerve.  O,  Inguinal,  a  canal  about  one 
and  one  half  inches  long,  running  obliquely  downward 
and  inward  from  the  internal  to  the  external  abdominal 
ring,  and  constituting  the  channel  through  which  an 
inguinal  hernia  descends;  it  transmits  the  spermatii 
cord  in  the  male,  and  the  round  ligament  of  the  uterus  in 
the  female.  C,  Inter-.  See  ( '.,  Incurrent.  C,  Inter- 
cellular, in  biology,  canals  formed  by  the  inter-paces 
between  vegetable  cells.  C,  Intestinal,  that  portion 
of  the  alimentary  canal  that  is  included  between  the 
pylorus  and  the  anus.  C,  Intrafascicular,  one  formed 
in  a  hbro-vascular  bundle  by  the  destruction  of  the 
vascular  tissue  and  parenchyma.  C,  Intralobular, 
Biliary,  the  radicles  of  the  bile-ducts,  forming  a  line 
network  in  and  around  the  hepatic  cells,  and  com- 
municating with  vacuoles  in  the  cells.  C.  of  Jacob- 
son.  See  C,  Tympanic.  C,  Kidney,  in  the  Platel- 
mintkes,  excretory  tubes  that  take  up  excrementitious 
matter  from  the  tissues.  C,  Kidney,  Primitive, 
in  some  of  the  lower  animals  canals  that  appear  to  re- 
place the  kidneys.  C.  of  Kowalevsky.  See  C,  Neu- 
renteric.  C. ,  Lacrymal.  I.  The  bony  canal  that 
lodges  the  nasal  duct.  2.  One  of  the  lachrymal  canal- 
iculi.  C,  Lateral,  in  most  fishes,  two  canals,  one  011 
each  side,  that  communicate  with  cavities  in  the  head, 
and  with  the  exterior,  by  apertures  in  each  overlying 
scale;  they  are  probably  sensory  in  function.  C.  of 
Laurer,  in  certain  worms,  one  by  which  the  oviduct 
opens  externally  on  the  dorsal  surface  ;  according  to 
some,  the  vitellarian  duct.  C,  Lingual,  in  the  horse, 
etc. ,  the  floor  of  the  mouth,  from  its  lodging  the  tongue. 
C.  of  Loewenberg,  that  portion  of  the  cochlear  canal 
that  is  situated  above  the  membrane  of  Corti.  C, 
Longitudinal,  in  the  Cestoda,  canals,  one  on  each 
side  of  a  joint ;  they  are  of  uncertain  function.  C, 
Looped,  in  the  Annulate,  the  segmental  organs.  C, 
Macro-myelonal,  the  central  canal  of  the  spinal  cord. 
C,  Madreporic,  in  the  Eckinodermata ,  one  joining 
the  madreporite,  and  the  circular  canal.  C,  Malar,  one 
in  the  malar  bone  transmitting  the  malar  division  of  the 
temporo-malar  branch  of  the  superior  maxillary  nerve. 
C.  of  Marrow.  See  C,  Cartilage.  C,  Maxillary. 
See  C,  Dental.  C,  Median.  1.  The  central  canal 
of  the  spinal  cord.  2.  The  aqueduct  of  Sylvius.  C, 
Medullary.  1.  The  hollow  cavity  of  a  long  bone,  con- 
taining the  marrow.  2.  See  C,  Vertebral.  3.  The  cen- 
tral canal  of  the  spinal  cord.  4.  An  Haversian  canal.  5. 
The  canal  of  De  Candolle,  enclosing  the  pith  in  the 
stem  of  plants.  6.  In  embryology,  the  medullary  tube. 
C,  Medullary,  Cerebro-spinal,  the  central  canal  of 
the  spinal  cord.  C,  Membranous,  of  the  Cochlea, 
a  canal  in  the  cochlea,  following  the  turn-,  of  the 
lamina  spiralis;  it  is  bounded  by  the  basilar  mem- 
brane, the  membrane  of  Reissner,  and  the  wall  of 
the  cochlea.  C,  Membranous,  Semicircular. 
See  C,  Semicircular.  C.  of  Modiolus,  the  spiral 
canal  of  the  cochlea.  C,  Muciparous.  S  e  ('.. 
Mucous.  C,  Mucous,  in  general,  canals  lined 
with  mucous  membrane.  In  zoology,  canals  found 
beneath  the  scales  of  fishes  and  other  scalv  animals, 
furnishing  the  mucus  that  lubricates  the  surface.  C. 
of  Miiller.  See  Miillerian  Duct.  C,  Myelonal,  the 
central  canal  of  the  spinal  cord.      C,  Nasal.     I.   See 


C. ,  Lachrymal.       2.    An  al  canal  found  in  the 

posterior  portion  of   the  nasal    bone;   it  transmits  the 
nasal  nerve-,.     C,  Naso-lachrymal.     See  C,  /. 
rymal.     C,   Naso-palatine.     See  ( '. ,   Incisor.     C, 
Neural.      1.   See  C,  I    <     bral.     2.    In  Echin 
a    canal    a    part    of    the    wall    of    which     i-    formed 
by   the  ambulai  ral   nerve    and    11  tions.     C, 

Neurenteric,  of  Kowalewsky,  also  called  Bla 
poric  Canal,  in  the  embryo,  a  passage  leading  from 
the  posterior  part  of  the  medullary  tube  into  the  arch- 
enteron.  C,  Neuro-central.  See  C,  Vertebral.  C. 
of  Nuck,  a  pouch  of  peritoneum  which,  in  the  female 
fetus,  descends  foi  a  short  distance  along  the  round 
ligament  of  the  Ut<  rus  into  the  inguinal  canal;  it  is  the 
analogue  of  the  processus  vaginalis  in  the  male.  It 
sometimes  persists  after  birth.  C,  Nutritive.  Seed'., 
Haversian.  C,  Obstetric.  Se<  <  ,  Parturient.  C, 
Obturator,  a  canal  in  the  ilium  transmitting  the  obtu- 
rator nerve  and  vessels.  C,  Olfactory,  in  the  embryo, 
the  nasal  fossae  at  an  early  period  of  development.  C, 
Omphalo-mesenteric,  in  the  embryo,  a  canal  that 
connect.-,  the  cavity  of  the  intestine  with  the  umbilical 
vesicle.  C,  Optic.  en:e  Optic  Foramen.  C,  Orb- 
ital, Anterior  Internal.  See  C,  Ethmoidal,  An- 
terior. C,  Orbital,  Posterior  Internal,  the  pos 
rior  of  two  canals  formed  by  the  ethmoid  bone  and 
the  orbital  plate  of  the  frontal.  It  transmits  the  ] 
terior  ethmoidal  vessels.  C,  Palatine,  Accessory 
Posterior,  one  or  two  canals  in  the  horizontal  plate 
of  the  palate  bone,  near  the  groove  entering  into  the 
formation  of  the  posterior  palatine  canal.  C,  Pala- 
tine, Anterior,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  incisive 
canals;  it  opens  on  the  palate  behind  the  incisor 
teeth.  C,  Palatine,  Descending.  See  ( '. ,  Palato- 
Maxillary.  C,  Palatine,  External,  Small,  a  small 
canal  in  the  pyramidal  process  of  the  palate  bone, 
close  to  its  connection  with  the  horizontal  plate.  It 
transmits  the  external  palatine  nerve.  C,  Palatine, 
Posterior.  See  C. ,  Palato-maxillary.  C,  Palatine, 
Smaller.  See  (". ,  Palatine,  Posterior.  O,  Palatine, 
Superior,  one  formed  by  the  palate  bone  and  the 
superior  maxilla,  transmitting  the  large  palatine  nerve 
and  blood-vessels.  C,  Palatomaxillary,  one  formed 
by  the  outer  surface  of  tlie  palate  bone  and  the  adjoin- 
ing surface  of  the  superior  maxilla.  It  transmits 
the  large  palatine  nerve  and  blood-vessel.  C,  Para- 
gastric,  in  the  Ctenophora,  one  that  branches  oft  on 
each  side  of  the  funnel,  and  terminate-  mar  the  oral 
extremity  of  the  funnel.  C,  Parturient,  the  channel 
through  which  the  fetus  passes  in  parturition,  includ- 
ing the  pelvic  canal,  and  the  uterus  and  vagina  con- 
sidered as  a  single  canal.  C,  Pelvic,  the  canal  of 
the  pelvis,  from  the  superior  to  the  inferior  strait.  O, 
Pericardio-peritoneal,  in  some  of  the  lower  verte- 
brates; canals  connecting  the  pericardium  and  the 
peritoneal  cavity.  C,  Perigastric,  in  the  Hydro 
two  canals  running  parallel  to  the  stomach,  from  the 
infundibulum,  and  terminating  in  culs-de-sac  near  the 
mouth.  C,  Peritoneal,  in  the  Plagiostomata,  etc.. 
two  canal-,  leading  from  the  peritoneal  cavity,  one  to 
each  side  of  the  cloaca.  C,  Perivascular,  the  cir- 
cumvascular  lymph  -paces.  C.  of  Petit.  Properly, 
a  space,  intersected  by  numerous  tine  interlacing  fiber-. 
existing  between  the  anterior  and  posterior  laminae  ol 
the  suspensory  ligament  of  the  crystalline  lens.  It 
extends  from  the  periphery  of  the  lens,  nearly  to  the 
apices  of  the  ciliary  process,  and  transmits  the  -cere 
tion  from  the  posterior  chamber.  C,  Petro-mas 
toid,  a  small  canal  not  always  present,  situated  at  the 
angle  of  union  between  tin-  mastoid  and  petrous  bone-. 
It  transmits  a  small  vein  from  the  middle  fossa  ot  the 
skull  to  the  transverse  sinus.    C,  Petrosal,  two  canals 


I    WA1 


256 


(    \\\1. 


on  the  upper  sui  the  petrous  portion  of  the  tern- 

transmitting  tin-  large  and  small  superficial 

C,    Plasmatic,     i.     \n    Haversian 

..ii   hi. in  the 
longitudinal  a  homogeneous  fluid 

the  nutrition  of  the 
rnal.     C,  Poison,  in  J  in  the  poi- 

acuiation  of  the  venom. 
C,  Pore.    -  C.,  Porous,  in  the  ovule, 

■  i  the  s] 

tion.      C,  Portal.     Sei    Infrc      ular, 

C  .  Preputial,    in    the   lower   animal-,    the 

C,  Primitive,  the  neural  canal 

C,  Prosodal,    in    sponges,  a   (anal 

the   chamber    with    tin-    prosopyle.      C, 

Pseudostomatous.  i    branched  cells 

thai  pithelial  or  endothelial  layer 

ree  i  nds  forming  the  pseudo- 
C,  Pterygoid      -  C,  Ptery- 

gopalatine rmed   by  the  root  of  the  internal 

iid  bone  and  the  sphen- 
date  bone,      h    transmits  the 
and    nerve.       C,    Pulmo- 
aortic.  C,  Radial,  in  the 

iU  that  branch  off  laterall)    from 
h    divides   into    two    (the  secondary 
which  tl  into  two  i  the  tertiary 

into  the  ctenophoral  canals.     C. 
of   Recklinghausen,  minute    channels  supposed    to 
-t  in  all  connective  tissue,  which  are  directly  con- 
tinuous with  the  lymphatic  vessels,  and  hence  may  be 
form  their  origin.     C.  of  Reissner.     Sec    C, 

C,    Resin.     See  C. , 
C,    Resiniferous,   a  canal   in    which 
I.      C,    Rhachidian.     See  C,  Verte- 
C.  of  Rivinus,  the  duct  of  the  sublingual  gland. 
C.  of  Rosenthal.      See  (  ..  Spiral,  of  the  Modiolus, 
C,   Sacculo-cochlear,  one  connecting  the  sacculus 
and  the  cochlea.      C,  Sacculo-utricular,  one  con- 
ting  the  sacculus  and  the  utricle.      C,  Sacral,  the 
tinuation  of  tin-   vertebral    canal    in    the    sacrum. 
C,    Sand.  C,   Santorini's. 

.-■  ■/.      C.  of  Schlemm,   an  irregular 
f  spaces    occupying    the 
imeal  region   of   tin-  eye;    it  is  regarded  by 
som  us,  by  others  as  a  lymph  channel. 

C,  Secretory,  an  interspace  between    the    cells   of 
.  lined  with  special  cells,  secreting  va- 
rious  products  such  as  oils,  balsams,  gum-resins,  etc. 
C  Semicircular,  bony  canals  of  the  labyrinth  of  the 
'I  hey  are-  three  in  number,  tin-  ext  rnal, 
tain  the  membran 
C,    Semicircular,    Anterior. 
C,  Semicircular, 
Anterior  Vertical.  .  Semicircular,  Superior. 

C.  Semicircular,  External,  that  one  of  the  semicir- 
ibyrinth  having  its  plane  horizon- 
directed  backward      C,  Semi- 
circular, Frontal.     See    ('-.   Semicircular,   Superior. 
C,  Semicircular,  Horizontal.      See   C,  Semicircu 
C,    Semicircular,    Inferior.      See 
C,   Semicircular,   In- 
ner C.,  Semicir- 
cular,   Internal.                              {circular,   Fosterior. 
C,  Semicircular,   Lateral.  midrcular, 
C,  Semicircular,    Osseous.     See    '    . 
C,  Semicircular,  Posterior,  that  one 
of  i                                      having  it-  convexity  dire<  ted 
nd  it-  plane  ah                illcl  to  the  p 

imil.  C  ,  Semicircular,  Pos- 
terior Vertical.  ular,  Posterior. 
C,  Semicircular,  Sagittal.     S  trcular, 


C,  Semicircular,  Superior,  thai  one  of 
the  semicircular  canals  having  its  convexit)  directed 
i.  .ward  the  upper  surface  ol  the  pyramid.  C,  Sem- 
inal, the  seminiferous  tubules.  C,  Serous,  any  mi- 
nute canal  connected  with  the  lymph  vessels  and  -up 
posed  to  he  idled  with  lymph.  C,  Sheathing,  the 
communication  between  the  cavitj  of  tin-  tunica  vagi 
nalis  oi  the  I  and   the  general  peritoneal  cavity. 

h  soon  (lost-  iii  man,  leaving  the  tunna  vaginalis  a 
closed  sac.  C,  Side,  blind  canal-  in  the  ventral  skin 
ol  amphioxus,  supposed  to  have  a  urinary  function. 
C,  Spermatic,  i.  rhe  vas  deferens.  2.  The  ingui 
nal  canal  in  the  male.  C,  Spheno-palatine.  See 
('..  palatine.     C  Spinal.    See  C,  Vertebral. 

C,   Spiral,  of  the  Cochlea,  one  that   run-  spirally 
around    the    modiolus,  taking    two    tin  1 1 -    and    a    hall. 

diminishing  in  size  from  the  base  to  the  apex,  and 
terminating  in  the  cupola.  C,  Spiral,  of  the  Modio- 
lus, a  small  canal  winding  around  the  modiolus  ol 
the  base  of  the  lamina  spiralis.  C,  Spiroid,  of  the 
Temporal  Bone.  See  Aqueduct  of  Fallopius.  C. 
of  Stenson.  See  Stenson's  Duct.  C,  Sternal,  in 
the  Crustacea,  one  formed  by  the  union  of  tin  m 
phragms  of  the  endosternites.  C.  of  Stiebel,  in  cm 
tain  .Mollusca  the  embryonic  renal  organ.  C.  of 
Stiega.  See  ('.  of  Laurer.  C.  of  Stilling.  See 
( '. .  Hyaloid,  and  ('. ,  Central,  of  .spin,:/  Cord.  C, 
Stone.  See  C. ,  Madreporic.  C,  Suborbital.  See 
('..  Infraorbital.  C,  Supraorbital,  one  at  the  upper 
margin  of  the  orbit.  It  transmit-  tin-  supraorbital  ar- 
tery and  nerve.  C,  Temporal.  See  ( '. .  Zygomatico- 
temporal. C,  Temporo-malar.  See  ('.  Zygo- 
maticotemporal. C,  Thoracic,  the  thoracic  duct. 
C,  Tympanic,  one  that  opens  on  the  lower  surface 
of  the  petrous  bone,  between  the  carotid  canal  and 
the  groove  tor  the  internal  jugular  vein.  It  transmits 
Jacobson's  nerve.  C,  Urethro-sexual,  hi  some 
mammals  the  vagina  and  urethra  combined.  C,  Urin- 
ary, the  urethra.  C,  Uro-genital.  See  I  -ogenital 
Sinus.  C,  Uterine,  the  canal  of  the  uterus,  including 
the  body  and  neck.  C,  Utero-cervical,  the  ca\it\ 
of  the  cervix  uteri  al  the  time  of  labor.  C,  Utero- 
vaginal, i.  The  common  canal  formed  by  the  uterus 
and  vagina.  2.  In  embryology,  the  duct  of  Midler. 
C,  Vaginal,  tin-  canal  of  the  vagina.  C,  Vascu- 
lar. See  C,  Haversian,  and  C,  Cartilage.  C,  Vec- 
tor, the  oviduct.  C,  Venous,  the  ductus  venosus. 
C,  Vertebral,  the  canal  formed  by  the  vertebrae.  It 
transmits  the  spinal  cord  and  it-  nu  mbi  anes.  C, 
Vertebrarterial,  the  osseous  canal  through  which  the 
vertebral  artery  runs.  C,  Vestibular.  See  C. ,  />/- 
current.  C,  Vidian,  a  canal  of  the  sphenoid  bone 
at  the  base  of  the  inn  rnal  pterygoid  plate,  opening 
anteriorly  into  the  spheno-maxillary  fossa,  and  po 
teriorly  into  the  foramen  lacerum.  Ii  transmits  the 
Vidian  nerve  and  vessels.  C,  Vitelligene,  in  com- 
parative anatomy,  canals  leading  to  the  vitelligene 
glands.  C,  Vitellin,  a  supposed  canal  leading  from 
the  central  cavity  of  the  vitellus,  in  bird-'  eggs,  to  the 
cicatricula.  C,  Vulvar,  the  vestibule  ol  the  vagina 
C,  Vulvo-uterine,  the  vagina.  C,  Vulvo-vag- 
inal.  1.  The  vagina  and  the  vulva  considered  a-  a 
single  canal.  2.  The  orifice  of  the  hymen.  C,  Water- 
vascular.  See  ('.,  Aquiferous.  C.  of  Wharton. 
Whartm  C,  White,  of  Malpighi,  in 

iwo  white  convoluted  urinarj  tubule-  open 
ing  into  the  large  intestine.  C.  of  Wirsung,  the 
pancreatic  duct.  C.  of  Wolff.  See  Wolffian  Duct. 
C,  Yellow,  of  Malpighi,  in  insects,  two  yellowish 
convoluted  tubes  opening  at  the  junction  of  tie  stom 
ach  and  intestine;  thej  are  regarded  as  urinary.  C, 
Zygomatic.      See   ('. ,   Zygomatico-temporal  and   C, 


CANALICULAR 


257 


CANINE 


Zygomaticofacial.  C,  Zygomatico-facial.  See  C, 
Malar.  C.,  Zygomatico-temporal,  the  temporal 
canal  of  the  malar  bone,  running  from  its  orbital  to 
its  temporal  surface.  It  transmits  a  branch  of  the 
superior  maxillary  nerve. 

Canalicular  [kan-al-ik' -u-lar)  [canalis,  a  channel]. 
In  biology,  canal  shaped. 

Canaliculization  \/can-al-ik-u-liz-a'-shu>i )  [canaliculus, 
a  little  canal].  Tin-  formation  of  canaliculi,  as  in 
bone,  or  as  in  calcified  cartilage. 

Canaliculus  ( kan-al-ik' '-u-lus)  [L.  :  //.,  Canaliculi']. 
A  mil ,11  canal  ;  ■  spi  •  ially  that  leading  from  the  punc- 
tum  to  the  lachrymal  sac  of  the  eye  ;  and  in  the  plural, 
the  minute  canals  opening  into  the  lacunae  of  hone. 
S  :e  Bone. 

Canalization  [kan-al-iz-a' -shun)  [canalis,  a  canal]. 
I.  The  formation  of  canals,  as  in  tissues,  etc.  2.  A 
system  of  wound-drainage  without  tubes.  C.  of  the 
clot,  formation  of  a  channel  through  a  clot  in  a 
vessel  for  the  passage  of  the  blood-current,  occurring 
from  the  50th  to  the  70th  day  after  ligation.  See 
.  /  asifactive. 

Canarin  [kan* -ar-iri).     See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Canarium  [kan-af -re-uni)  [E.  End. ,  canari\.  A  genus 
of  burseraceous  trees  and  shrubs  of  warm  regions.  C, 
commune  affords  a  part  (at  least)  of  the  manila  elemi, 
and  also  a  balsam  resembling  copaiba.  Other  species 
yield  similar  produt  ts. 

Canatillo  [kak-nah-tel'-yd).     See    Tepopote. 

Cancellate  (kan'-sel-at  )  [cancellare,  to  provide  with 
a  lattice].  Reticulated,  or  characterized  by  latticed 
lines,  as  the  spongy  tissue  of  bones,  or  certain  leaves 
consisting  entirely  of  veins. 

Cancellation  [kan-sel-a' -shun)  [cancelli,  lattice-work]. 
The  quality  of  being  cancellate  ;  cancellous  structure. 

Cancellous  [kan'-sel-us)  [cancelli,  lattice-work].  Re- 
sembling lattice-work.      C.  Tissue.     See  Tissue. 

Cancellus  ikan' '-sel-us)  [cancelli,  lattice-work].  A 
space,  or  unit  of  structure,  in  cancellous  bone ;  any 
one  of  the  minute  divisions  in  spongy  bone.  The 
spongy,  lattice- work  texture  of  bone. 

Cancer  [kan'-ser).  See  Carcinoma.  C,  Alveolar,  a 
carcinoma  with  an  alveolar  structure.  C.  aquaticus. 
Synonym  of  Stomatitis,  Gangrenous.  C. -bandage, 
a  crab-shaped  bandage  ;  a  split-cloth  of  eight  tails. 
C.-cell,  a  peculiar  cell  sometimes  seen  in  adenoid 
cancer  and  in  sarcoma.  It  was  formerly  thought  to 
be  pathognomonic  of  the  malignant  quality  of  a  tumor. 
C,  Clay-pipe.  See  C,  Smokers'.  C,  Colloid,  one 
containing  colloid  material.  C.  en  cuirasse,  dis- 
seminated lenticular  cancer  of  the  skin.  C. -Juice, 
the  milky  fluid  yielded  by  the  cut  surface  of  a  hard 
cancer  on  scraping.  C,  Melanotic,  a  malignant 
pigmented  form.  C,  Smokers',  epithelioma  of 
the  lip  due  to  the  irritation  of  a  pipe.  C.-root,  a 
name  of  Epiphegus  virginiana,  Aphyllon  uniflorum, 
Conopkolis  americana  and  other  plants  vaunted  as 
cancer-cures.  The  above  are  all  either  root-para- 
sites or  saprophytes.  Unof.  See  Aphyllon.  C.-r. 
Beech-drop,  a  name  for  a  plant  used  as  a  local  ap- 
plication for  cancer.  C.-weed,  Prenanthes  alba,  a 
plant.  C.-wort,  Linuria  spuria  and  /..  elatine, 
European  herbs. 

Cancerate  [kanf -ser-af)  [nap/denc,  a  crab].  To  become 
cancerous  ;  to  be  developed  into  a  cancer. 

Canceration  {kan-ser-a' '-shun)  [Kapnivoc,  a  crab].  De- 
velopment into  a  cancer ;  the  assumption  of  malig- 
nant qualities  by  a  tumor. 

Cancerous  [kan' '-ser-us)  [napidvoc,  a  crab].  Having 
the  qualities  of  a  cancer;   malignant. 

Canchalagua  [kan-cha-la' '-gwah  1  [Sp.].  A  Spanish- 
American    name    for    various    plants,    chiefly    of   the 

17 


genus  Erythraa,  (as  E.  chilensis,  I.  ,  E.  tri- 

chantha).     They   are   bitter  tonics,  with  the  quali 

of  gentian.       Unof. 
Canchasmus    [kan-kaz/-mus)    [  ,  loud  laugb 

i'  1  I .      Hysterii  al  or  immoderate  laughter. 
Cancriform    [kangf -krif-orm)   [cancer,  a  crab ;   forma, 

form].      Resembling  a  cancer  in  appearance. 
Cancrisocial  ris-o'-shal)  [cancer,  a  crab;  so, 

a  companion],      hi  biology,  a  communalistic  associa 

thin  ot  sea  anemonies,  sponges,  molluscs,  etc.  on  the 
11  inhabited    by  a  hermit  crab. 
Cancrivorous     [kang-kriv'-o-rus)      [cancer,    a    crab; 

T",  at].      Applied    to  animals  that    feed  upon 

l   1    ills. 

Cancroid  [kangf -kroid)  [cancer,  a  crab].     Cancer-like; 

ti-malignant.     C.  Ulcer.     See   Rodent  Ul 
Cancroin  [kan'-kro-in)  [cancer,  a  crab].      A  substance 
1  said  to  be  identical  with  neurin),  introduced  by  Adam- 

kiewicz   as  a  material    for   hypodermatic  injection   in 
cases  of  malignant   disease,  it   being   1  i   by  him 

as  an  alexin  destructive-  of  cancer-tissue. 

Cancrophagous  [kang-krofff-ag-us\   [cancer,  a -crab; 
Iv,  to  eat].      Sain,     1-  Cancrivorous. 

Cancrum  (kang'-krum)  [L.,  "a  cancer"].  A  cancer 
or  rapidly-spreading  ulcer.  C.  Oris,  also  called 
Canker  of  the  Mouth,  Gangrenous  Stomatitis,  Noma, 
Gangrenous  i  Iceration  of  the  Mouth.  It  is  a  disease 
of  childhood  between  tlie  ages  of  one  and  five,  char- 
acterized by  the  formation  of  foul,  deep  ulcers  of  the 
buccal  surfaces  of  the  cheeks  or  lips.  There  is  but 
slight  pain,  but  the  prostration  is  great,  and  death 
usually  results  from  exhaustion  or  blood-poisoning. 
The  disease  is  generally  the  result  of  poor  hygienic 
surroundings  acting  upon  a  debilitated  system.  C. 
Nasi,  gangrenous  rhinitis  of  children. 

Candela  [kan-de,-lah  )  [candere,  to  glow]  1.  A  medi- 
cated candle  for  fumigation.     2.   A  wax  bougie. 

Candle  (kan'-Jl)  [candela,  a  candle].  A  taper;  a 
bougie.  C. -berry,  the  bay-berry.  Myrica  cerij 
or  its  waxy  fruit,  from  which  a  greenish  wax  is  ob- 
tained. See  Myrica.  C.-fish  Oil.  See  Eulachoni 
Oleum.  C.-foot.  See  Unit  Quantity  of  Light.  C- 
house,  an  establishment  in  which  candles  are  manufac- 
tured. C. -power,  in  photometry,  the  candle-power 
of  a  lamp  is  measured  by  the  ratio  of  the  illumination 
of  the  light  considered  to  that  of  a  standard  candle. 
both  sources  being  at  the  same  distance  from  the  object 
illuminated. 

Cane  Sugar  (kan-shug/-ar).     See  Sacckarum. 

Canella  [kan-elr-ah  )  [dim.  of  Canna,  a  reed].  The 
bark  of  C.  alba  deprived  of  its  corky  layer  and  dried. 
It  is  a  native  of  the  West  Indies  and  is  an  aromatic 
tonic  and  bitter  stomachic.  Dose  of  the  powdered 
bark,  gr.  xv-xxx.      Officinal  in  the  B.  P. 

Canelle-Brown.     Same  as  Phenylene  Br 

Canescent  (kan-es'-ent)  [canus,  white  or  hoary].  In 
biology,  applied  to  the  gray,  hoary  or  white  plumage 
or  fur  of  animals  and  to  the  pubescence  of  plants. 

Canestrini,  Bacillus  of.     See  Bacteria. 

Canine  [ka'-nin  or  ka-nlnf)  [canis,  a  dog].  Partaking 
of  the  nature  of,  relating  to,  or  resembling  a  dog.  or 
the  sharp  tearing-teeth  of  mammals,  located  between 
the  incisors  and  the  molars.  C.  Appetite,  bulimia, 
a.  -■■  C.  Eminence,  a  prominence  on  the  outer  side 
of  the  upper  maxillary  bone.  C.  Fossa.  See/, 
C.  Laugh,  a  sardonic  smile,  or  grin.  C.  Madness, 
rabies,  hydrophobia.  C.  Muscle,  the  levator  anguli 
oris.  See  Muscles,  Table  of.  C.  Teeth,  dentes 
canini ;  cynodontes;  dentes  laniarii  ;  dents  angulai 
cuspidati ;  conoides ;  eye-teeth.  The  cuspid  teeth 
next  to  the  lateral  incisors;  so  called  from  their  re- 
semblance to  a  dog*s  teeth. 


CANINIFORM 


<  A.NTUS  GALL1 


Caniniform  pertaining    t<> 

the  Applii  i  resembling 
canii 

Cam-                     L,"adog"],  i      I  he  dog.      2      \ 

f  animals      C.  rabiosa.  Synonym  of  .#j 

Canities  I  1  at.  ].  J   hoariness ; 

bail  I  ikIi. mi 

.1  prematui  I  decoloi 

tion   of   the  hair,  tl  trying  from  blacl 

wii    tin.  the  whiti 

i  pathologic, 
mfined    to    localized 

Canker  er].      An  ulcera- 

acrnm   ori-.  ;     in  .   a    fetid  the 

C.-rash.    Synonym 

Canna  nus  of  large- 

lc.i  is  plants.     C.  indica,  has  an  acrid 

;  stimulai  it  is  alterative,  diuretic  and  dia- 

retic      Unof.     The  rhizome  of  C.  speciosa  affords 
as    es-mois,  a  good  substitute  for 
true  an  C.  Starch.     Si  les-mois. 

Cannabene    kan'-al  See  Cannabis. 

Cannabin.      3  nnabis. 

Cannabinin  '-///-///)     [^cannabis,    hemp],      A 

itile  alkaloid  from  cannabis  indica. 

Cannabinon,  Cannabinone  [kan-al/ -in-ori)  ^cannabis, 

hemp].     An  amorphous  bittei    resinoid   from  Indian 

hemp,  an    hypnotic.      Dose    I    to    3  grains. 

I"  1 

Cannabis  I..].      Hemp.      Indian    hemp. 

The  Bowerii  tiva,  of  which  there  are 

two  varieties,  C.  indica  and  ( '.  americana,  the  former 

being  the  more  potent.     They  contain  a  resin,  cannabin, 

and  a  volatile  oil.  from  which  are  obtained  Cannabene 

.  alight  hydrocarbon,  and  Hydrid  of  Cannabene , 

rystallim   body.     It  is  an  antispasmodic,  anesthetic, 

narcotic,  and  a  powerful  aphrodisiac.     In  large  doses  it 

Itation,  intoxication,  and  a  sensa- 

It  is  a  valuable  hypnotic 

in  delirium  tremens,  and  is  useful  lor  painful  affections 

der  and  for  functional  impotence.     Bh, 

h  are  the  various  Indian 

nai  'Inch  the  drug  i.->  known.     Strychnin  and 

idism  ai  C.  Indica,  Ext.,  dose  gr. 

C.  Ind.,  Ext.  Fid.,  an  alcoholic  preparation. 

'    j— v.      C.  Ind.,   Tinct.,  contains  15  per  cent. 

Irug.      Dose  Tti^xx— J5J.     Cannabin  Tannate, 

rid        I  >ose  a-  a  hypnotic  gr.  v-x. 

Cannabism  .  hempl.     The 

ha1  nabis  indica;    ill-health  caused  by 

thi  indica. 

Cannabis  .  hemp].     A  devotee 

nabis  indica. 
Cannel  Coal  See  ( 

Cannoid  ;i     reed;  .    form], 

tain  radiolarians. 
Cannon-bor. •  1  »ne  of  the  functional  and 

•pal    or  1 

veight   of  the   body  upon 

Cannula  nn.    of    canna,    a   tube],     A 

of  a  ml.  leatn 

■I  a  stiletto.      It   i-  used  for  tap- 

Cannulated  nnula,   a    little   tube]. 

i  needle. 
Canquoin's   Paste.  of  flour,  water,  and  zinc 

chlorid  ;   it 


Cantani's  Diet.     An  exclusive  meat-diet  in  diabetes. 

Canterbury  Bell  {kari '-ter-ber-e  bel  j.     See  Campanula. 

Cantering   Rhythm  {kan> \ter-ing  rithni).      See   Bruit 
'op. 

Canthal  {kan'-thal  1  [Vcav0<5c,  a  can  thus].  Relating  to 
a  canthus. 

Canthariasis  [kan-thar-if -as-is)   [  ,   a    kind    of 

beetle]^     A  term  proposed  by  Hope  tor  the  dis< 
that  originate  from  tin  presence  in  the  body  of  coleop 
terous  insects  or  their  Ian  a  . 

Cantharidal  [k  xn-thar1 '-id-al  )[iiavdaplq,  a  blistering  fly], 
ting  to  in  containing  cantharides, 

Cantharides  [kan-thar*  Plural  of  Cantharis. 

Cantharidin    [kan-thar4 '-id-in\    [  .a    blistering 

fly],     *  i,,!!,.11,-      II"     bitter    principle   contained    in 
Spanish    die-    and    other    insects;     it    crystallizes    in 
prisms  or   leaflets,  and   melt-  at  21S0.      It   has  an 
tremly  bitter  taste,  and  produces  blisters  on  the  skin. 
Si  e  '.  'antharis. 

Cantharidism  {kan-thar* '-id-izm)  [/caWtoptf,  a  blistering 
fly],     ( lantharidal  poisoning. 

Cantharis  [kan'rthai  i  [tcavdapig,  a  blistering  fly: 
//.,  Cantharides"].  Spanish  Fly.  The  dm. I  body  of 
aspeciesol  beetle,  C.  vesicatoria  (nat.  ord.  Coleoptera). 
It  contains  a  powerful  poisi  mi  ius  principle,  cantharidin, 
•'iJl,.,1  ',-  Locally  applied,  cantharis  i>  a  rubefacient 
I  vesicant  ;  internally  it  is  an  irritant,  causing  gastral- 
gia  and  vomiting.  In  toxic  dose^  it  ]>roduces  severe 
gastro-enteritis,  strangury,  and  priapism.  It  is  used 
chiell)  a-  an  external  counter-irritant  in  the  form  of 
"blisters."  C,  acetum  (B.  P.),  of  the  strength  of 
5  ij  to  Oj.  C.j  Ceratum,  cantharides  32,  yellow  wax 
18,  resin  iS,  lard  22.  oil  of  turpentine  15.  C,  Ext., 
Ceratum.  canthaiides  30,  resin  15.  yellow  wax  35, 
lard  35,  alcohol  q.  s.  C,  Charta,  cantharides  I,  Can- 
ada turpentine  I,  olive-oil  4,  spermaceti  3,  white  wax  8, 
water  to  parts.  Charta  epispastica  (I!  P. ),  blistering 
paper  (white  wax,  spermaceti,  olive-oil,  resin,  Canada 
balsam,  cantharides,  distilled  water).  Collodium 
cantharidatum,  cantharides  <>o,  llexible  collodion 
85,  chloroform  q.  s.  C.  cum  picis  emplast.,  Warm- 
ingPlaster,  Burgundy  pitch  92,  cerat.  canthar  8  parts. 
Emplastrum  calefaciens  (B.  P.),  cantharides,  ex- 
pressed  oil  of  nutmeg,  yellow  wax,  resin,  resin-plaster, 
soap-plaster,  boiling  water.  C,  emplastrum  (  B.  I'.  ), 
cantharides,  yellow  wax,  prepared  suet,  prepared  lard, 
resin.  C,  liniment.,  cantharides  15,  oil  of  turpen- 
tine q.  s.  ad  100.  C.  Tinct.,  contains  5  per  cent,  of 
tin- drug.  Dose  mj-xx.  C,  unguent.  (B.  P.),  can- 
tharides,  yellow  wax,  olive  oil. 

Canthectomy  {kan-thek' '-to-me)  \navd6\  ,  canthus  ; 
e/cri         !  1  utting  out].      Excision  of  a  canthus. 

Canthitis  {kan-thi* -tis)  [/cm>0<$c,  canthus;  irig,  inflam- 
mation].    Inflammation  of  a  canthus. 

Cantholysis  {kan-thoV '-is-is)  \_mv86q,  canthus;  Xhot(, 
a  loosening].  Canthotomy  with  section  of  the  ex- 
ternal canthal  ligament . 

Canthoplastic  [kan-tho-plas' -tik)  \kuv06c,  the  canthus; 
irXaaffeiv,  to  form].      Relating  t"  1  anthoplasty. 

Canthoplasty  (kan' ' -tho-plds-te)  [xavftJc,  the  angle  of 
the  eye  ;  TcTu&ooeiv,  to  form],  A  surgical  operation  for 
increasing  the  ,i/e  of  the  palpebral  fissure  by  cutting 
the  . .uter  1  anthus. 

Canthorraphy  (  kan-thor' -a-fe)  [icavddc,  canthus ;   ■ 

I       A  surgical  operation  to  reduce  the  size  of 
the  palpebral  fissure  by  suture  of  the  canthus. 

Canthotomy  [kan-thof -o-me)  \kovB6c,  canthus;  t6ut),  a 
.  utting  ]       Surgii  al  divisii  in  1 .1  a  1  anthus. 

Canthus  [kan'-thus)  \jiavH6c,  canthus].  The  inner  or 
outer  angle  formed  l>v  the  juncture  ..(   the  eyelids. 

Cantus  galli  [kan"-i  [L.,  "  cock-crowing"]. 

Same  as  ( 'hild  crowing. 


CANULA 


259 


CAPRIFY 


Canula  (kan'-u-lah).     See  Cannula. 

Canutillo  {kakn-oo-til'  vo).      See   Tepopo* 

Caoutchouc  {koo-chook')  [S.  American],    [ndia-rubber. 
The  chief  substance  contained  in  the  milky  juice  that 
exudes   upon   incision  ot  a   number  of  tropical   trees 
belonging  to  tlie   natural   orders  Euphoi 
carpa    <e,  and    1  ..      I  1 1  <    juice  is  a  vegetable 

emulsion,  the  caoutchouc  being  suspended  in.it  in  the 
form  of  minute  transparent  globules.  When  pure, 
caoutchouc  i.-^  nearly  white,  soft,  elastic,  and  glutinous; 
it  swells  up  in  water  without  dissolving  ;  the  best 
solvents  an-  carbon  disulphid  and  chloroform.  It 
melts  at  al'  >ut  1500  ('.,  and  decomposes  at  2000  C. 

Capacity  {kap-as' -it-e)  [capacitas,  capacity].  Mental 
receptivity;  passive  (or active)  mental  capability;  moral 
or  Legal  responsibility. 

Capax  Doli  {ka'-paks  do'-li).     See  Doli  Capax. 

Capelina  {kap-el-i' '-nah).     See  Capistrum. 

Capeline  {kap'-el-in).     See  Bandage. 

Capeman's  Method.     See  Treatment,  Methods  of. 

Caper  [ka'-per).     See  Capparis. 

Capiat  {ka'-pe-at)  [L.,  "  let  it  take].  An  instrument 
intended  for  use  in  removing  remnants  of  the  placenta, 
polypi,  or  the  like,  from  the  uterine  cavity. 

Capillaire  {kap-il-dr/)  [Fr.].  The  plant  Adiantum  capil- 
lus  veneris,  a  species  of  maiden  hair  fern  ;  also  a 
cough-syrup  prepared  from  the  same.      See  Adiantum. 

Capillarity  {kap-il-ar1 '-it-e)  [capillus,  a  hair].  Capillary 
attraction  :  the  force  that  causes  fluids  to  rise  in  line 
tubes  or  bores,  or  in  very  thin  chinks.  In  an  electric 
battery,  the  disturbing  effects  of  the  proper  action  of 
a  voltaic  cell  caused  by  capillary  action. 

Capillary  {kap'-il-a-re,  or  kap-il' '-ar-e)  [capillus,  a  hair]. 
I.  A  minute  blood-vessel  connecting  the  smallest 
ramifications  of  the  arteries  with  those  of  the  veins. 
Also  a  very  minute  fissure  of  the  skull.  Also  the 
intercellular  biliary  passages.  2.  Hair-like:  relating 
to  a  hair,  or  to  a  hair  like  filament,  or  to  a  tube  with 
a  hair  like  bore.  C.  Attraction  capillarity.  C.  Bron- 
chitis. See  Bronchitis.  C.  Embolism.  See  Embo- 
lism. C.  Fissure,  C.  Fracture,  a  linear  fracture, 
without  displacement.  C.  Nevus.  See  Narvus  Vas- 
cularis. C.  Pulse,  a  visible  change  of  color  or  an 
artificial  blush  in  aortic  regurgitation.  C.  Vessels, 
the  capillaries.  Capillaries,  Meigs's,  branching 
capillaries  discovered  by  A.  V.  Meigs  in  the  human 
heart.  C,  Pulmonary,  a  name  used  to  designate  the 
plexuses  beneath  the  mucous  membrane,  on  the  walls 
and  septa  of  the  alveoli  of  the  lungs. 

Capilli  {kap-il' -i)  [Plural  of  Capillus,  hair].  In  biol- 
ogy, applied  to  the  hairs  on  the  front  and  top  of  an 
insect's  head. 

Capilliculture  {kap-il' ' -e-kul-chiir)  [capillus,  hair;  cul- 
tura,  culture].  Systematic  treatment  for  the  improve- 
ment or  restoration  of  the  hair. 

Capilliculus  [kap-il-ik' -u-lus)  [dim.  of  capillus:  pi., 
Capilliculi\.  Any  one  of  the  very  smallest  of  the 
capillary  vesicles. 

Capillifolious  [kap-il-if-of  le-us)  [capillus,  hair ;  folium, 
a  leaf].      Characterized  by  hair-like  have-. 

Capilliform  {kap-il' -if-orm)  [capillus,  hair;  forma, 
form].      Hair  shaped. 

Capillitium  {kap-il-isk' -e-um)  [capillus,  the  hair].  In 
biology,  the  hair-like  threads  within  the  r-,pore-cases 
of  many  fungi. 

Capillus  {kap- U'-us)  [L.  :  pi.  Capilli].  A  hair;  the 
hair  ol  the  head. 

Capistrum  (kap-is' -trum)  [I...  a  muzzle  or  halter:  //. , 
Capistra~\.  I.  A  bandage  for  the  head  or  for  the 
lower  jaw.  Called  also  Capelina.  2.  In  biology,  a 
mask  or  hood-like  coloration  of  the  face  and  part  of 
the  head  in  certain  birds. 


Capital  (kap'-it-al)   [caput,  the  head],      1.    Pertaining 

to  tin-   hi  ad,  or  to   the  summit  of  a  body  or  ol 

2.   '  'I    greal    importance;    as    a   capital    operation    in 

surgerj , 

Capitalis  reflexa  {kap-U-a' -lis  re-Jleks'-ah).  A  recur- 
rent bandage  lor  a  stump. 

Capitate  {kapZ-it-at)  [caput,  bead].  In  biology,  hav- 
ing a  head  or  a  head-like  termination. 

Capitellate  {kap-it-el' '-at)  [capilellum,  a  little  head].  In 
biolog) .  bearing  small  h 

Capitellum     {kap-it-el' -urn)    [dim.    of     caput\. 
rounded,    external    surface    of    the   lower  end  ol 
humerus. 

Capitiluvium  {kap-it-el-uf -ve-um)  [caput,  head ; 

to  wash].      A    washing  or    bathing  of    the    head;    a 
u  ash  lor  the  head. 

Capitopedal    [kap-it-o-ped'-al)    [caput,    a    head; 

foot].      In  biology,  pertaining  to  or  near  the  junction 
ol    the  head  and  loot. 

Capitular  {kap-it' -u-lar)  [caput,  head].  Pertaining  to 
a  capitulum  or  head.  C.  Process  of  a  vertebra,  one 
with  which  the  head  of  a  rib  articula: 

Capitulum  {kap-it' -u-lum)    [capitulum,  a  small  head]. 
In   anatomy  and  biology,  the  enlarged  terminal   por- 
tion   of  an  organ,  plant,  or  animal,  as  the  head  1 
bone;   the  enlar.  portion  of  a  .-.talked  animal; 

knobbed  end  of  an  antenna  or  of  an  insect's  poi 
a  dense  cluster  or  head  of  flowers,  leaves,  or  spores 
in  plants.      C.  of  Santorini,  a  small  elevation  on  the 
apex  of  the  arytenoid   cartilage  corresponding  in  j 
tion  to  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  vocal  band. 

Cappa  [kap' -all  1.    The  ectocinereal  lamina  of  the  mi 
cephal. 

Cappagh  Brown.      See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Capparis  (kap'-ar-is)  [L.,  the  caper-bush].  A  genus 
of  shrubs  including  the  caper-bush,  C.  spinosa.  ii- 
llower-buds  (capers)  are  pickled,  or  made  into  a 
piquant  sauce.  The  bark  of  the  root  and  the  flowers 
are  official  remedies  in  some  countries  (as  Spain)  ;  it  is 
diuretic,  cathartic,  depurative,  stimulant.      Unof. 

Cappazwoli's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of 

Capped  Elbow  (kapdel'-boTo).     See  Shoe-boil. 

Capped  Hock  {kapd' hok).  In  farriery,  the  develop- 
ment of  a  bruise  at  the  point  of  the  hock  of  a  horse, 
with  the  formation  of  an  hygroma,  the  result  of  rub- 
bing or  striking  that  part  against  the  partition  of  the 
stall. 

Capped  Knee  {kapd'  ne).  A  dropsical  collection  in  the 
bursa  in  front  of  the  knee-joint  of  the  horse. 

Capranica's  Tests.    See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Caprantilopine  {kap-ran-til' -o-pin)  [cap  r a,  a  she -goat  ; 
antilopinus,  antelope].  Uniting  the  characters  of  a 
goat  and  an  antelope. 

Capre  \kap'-er).      See  Mulatto. 

Capreolar  {kap-re'-o-lar),  Capreolary  {kap/ -re-o-la 
Capreolate  {kap' -re-o-lat)  [capreolus,  a  tendril].      In 
biology,  climbing,  furnished  with  tendrils;  inanatomv 
resembling  tendrils,  as   the    spermatic     \ 
capreolaria.        C.    Vessels,   the    spermatic    \<  • 
from  tluir  twined  and  twisted  appearance. 

Capreolus  {kap-re' -o-lus)  [capreolus.  a  wild  goat  ;  a 
tendril  of  a  plant].  1.  A  buck  or  he-goat.  2.  The 
tendril  of  a  plant. 

Capric  Acid  {kap'-rik  as' -id).     See  Acid. 

Caprification  {kap-rif-ik-a'  ;Aun)  [caprificus,  the  wild- 
fig  tree].  In  biology,  the  process  of  hastening  ferti- 
lization and  ripening  of  cultivated  figs  by  the  introduc- 
tion of  gall-insects,  by  hanging  a  branch  of  the  wild 
fig  in  the  tree,  or  planting  a  wild  fig  in  the  midst  of 
the  fig  orchard. 

Caprify  {kap'-rif-i)  [caprificus,  the  wild-fig  tree].  To 
fertilize  by  means  of  Caprification,  q.  v. 


CAPRILOQl  II  M 


260 


« ARANNA 


Capriloquium 

s 
Caprin  oal  ]       An  oily  ai 

. 
Caproic  Acid 
Caprolactonc 
milk],   ' 

i  with  water.      It  i-  a 

Capronc  i  proic 

1  in  butter,  and  form- 

Caproylamni  .  amin\, 

lamin.  oe  found  in  the  putre- 

Caprylic  Aci .!  \cid. 

Capsella  a   box].     The 

.  common  in  tem- 
ellent  hemo- 
irbutic,  and  is  slightly  stimulant  and 
iit.      Unof.     C.  bursa  pastoris.     See  S 

Capsicin  The  active  print 

It  is  a  thick, yellowish-red  sub- 
at   ordinary  temperatures,  but 
rv  limpid  if  warmed.     See  Capsicum. 
Capsicoi  [    -        am;   oleum,  oil].    Aredoil 

e  from  the  oleo-resin  of  capsicum. 

Capsicum  um)  [capsa,a  box;  gen.,  CapsiciJ. 

r.     The  fruit  of  C.  itum,  nati\e 

to  l  Africa  and  America.      Its  odorand  hot  taste 

are  due  itile   oil,  capsicin,  C9Hu02,   which  is 

irritant  to  the  skin  and  mucous  membranes,    internally, 

it  i-  'lie,  diuretic  and  aphrodisiac.       It 

il  in  atonic  dyspepsia,  flatulent  colic,  and  in  in- 

mittent    fever.       C,  emplastrum,  prepared  from 

the  a  and  resin  plaster.     C,  Ext.  Fid.     Dose 

n\,v~3J.      C  linimentum,  I   in  10,  for  chest  affec- 

i  tism,  etc.      C,  Oleoresin,    Ethereal. 

n\j-v.      C,   Tinct.,    contains    5    per    cent,    of 

tm.     I  lose  n\,x-  ~  j. 

Capsitis  Same  as  Capsulitis.^ 

Capsula  .    i  small  box].     The  in- 

of  the   brain;    it  is    the   thick   layer  of 

<:n  the  caudatum  and  thalamus  mesad  and 

icula  laterad ;   it  is  continuous  with  the  crura 

cpansion  is  called  the  corona. 

Capsular       <//■  u-lar)  [capsula,  a  small  box].    Pertain- 

5ule.     C.   Artery,  the  middle  suprarenal 

art'  r,  Table  of.     C.    Ligament,  the 

sac  or  membranous  bag  that  surrounds  every  movable 

it  or  articulation.      It    contains  the  synovial   fluid. 

C.  Vein,  the  supra-  renal  vein.     See  Vein. 

Capsule  il)  [dim.  of  capsa,  a  chest].     A  tunic 

a  part  of  the  body  or  an   organ. 

tit  of  a  part  or  organ,  as  a  de- 

his  vessel,  the  egg-< 

of  a  radiolarian.     Al  ,  a  small, 

d    of   glycerin    and   gelat  n, 

I  together  like  a  box  and 

for  the  administration  of  nauseous 

C,  Bonnet's,  the  posterior 

ill.      C,  Bowman's. 

C,  External,  a  layer  of 

und- 

ular  nucleus.     C. -filler,  a  contrivance 

1    funnel,  tube    and    plunger,  or   other 

for  introducing  medicines  into  capsules. 

C.  of  Glisson,  I  ■  ■:.  ,r  membram   envel- 

C,  Internal,  a  layei   ol 
and    on    the    inner  side-  of  the 
tic  thalam  audate  nucleus,  which  it  separ 


from  the  lenticular  nucleus,  and  containing  the  con- 
tinuation upward  of  the  crus  cerebri.  C.  of  the 
Lens,  a  transparent,  structureless  membrane  en<  losing 
the  lens  of  the  eye.  C,  Malpighian,  the  comment  1 
ment  of  the  uriniferous  tubules.  x<  e  Malpighian 
C,  Suprarenal,  the  ductless  glandular  bodj 
at  the  apex  of  each  kidney.  C.  of  Tenon,  the 
tunica  vaginalis  of  the  eye. 

Capsuliferous  {kap-sul-if -er-us)  [capsula  a  little  box  ; 
.  to  bear].      In  biology,  producing  capsule-. 

Capsulitis    [kap-su-lV '-lis)  [capsula,  a  small   box; 
inflammation].      Inflammation  of   the  capsule  of   the 
lens,  or  oi  the  fibrous  capsule  ol  the  eyeball. 

Capsulo-ciliary  [kap-su-lo-sil' -e-a-re)  [capsula,  a  little 
box;  cilium,  an  eyelid].     Relating  to  the  capsule  of 

the  lens  and  to  the  cili.m   organ. 

Capsulogenous  {kap-sul-of '-en-us)  [capsula,  a  little  box; 
gena,  born].  Capsule-producing,  as  the  cocoon  or 
capsule-glands  of  the  earthworm. 

Capsulo-lenticular  ( kap-su-lo-len-tik' -u-lar)  [capsula. 
a  little  box  ;  lenticula,  a  lentil].  Relating  to  the  lens 
and  to  its  capsule. 

Capsulo-pupillary  [kap-su-lo-pu' '-pil-a-re)  [capsula,  a 
little  box  ;  pupilla,  the  pupil  of  the  eye].  Relating  to 
the  capsule  of  the  lens  and  to  the  pupil. 

Capsulotome  \kap/ -su-lo-toni).     See  Cystotome. 

Capsulotomy  [kap-su-lof -o-nie)  [capsula,  a  capsule; 
TCfivuv,  to  cut].  The  operation  of  rupturing  tie 
capsule  of  the  crystalline  lens  in  cataract-opera t  ion - 

Captage  [cap-tahj)  [IT.].     The  nica-un  -  to  1„   applied 
to  a  natural  spring  of   water,  to  secure    the   entire  pro 
duct  of  the  spring,  and  the  purity  of  the  water,  by  the 
prevention  of  any  admixture  of  deleterious  or  foreign 
matter. 

Captation  {kap-ta' -shun)  [raptare,  to  desire].  The  first 
or  opening  stage  ot   the  hypnotic  trance. 

Capucin  Madder  (kap/-u-.  in  madf-er).  See  Pigments, 
Co  us  pectus  of. 

Capuron,  Cardinal  Points  of.     See  Peh 

Caput  [kap'-ui)  [L.].  1.  The  head;  also  the  chief 
part  or  beginning  of  an  organ.  2.  The  cephalic  or 
precornual  portion  of  the  caudatum  of  the  prosen- 
cephal.  C.  coli,  the  head  of  the  colon.  C.  cornu 
posterioris.  Same  as  C.  gelatinosum.  C.  gallina- 
ginis.  See  Verumontanum.  C.  gelatinosum,  the 
name  given  to  the  translucent  gray  matter  covering  the 
dorso  mesal  periphery  of  the  dorsal  horn  of  the  spinal 
cord.  It  is  a  nervous  substance  composed  of  numerous 
closely  crowded  nerve-elements,  with  an  intricate 
intervening  plexus  of  verj  fine  nerve-fibrils,  derived 
from  the  dorsal  (posterior  or  "  sensory")  nerve-roots. 
C.  medusae.  See  Medusa,  Caput.  C.  obstipum. 
Synonym  of  Wry-neck.  C.  quadratum,  the  rectan 
gularhead  of  rickets,  flattened  upon  the  top  and  at  the 
sides,  with  projecting  occiput  and  prominent  frontal 
bosses.  C.  succedaneum,  a  tumor  composed  of  a 
sero-sanguineous  infiltration  <>t  the  connective  ti 
situated  upon  the  pr<  senting  part  ol  the  fetus. 

Caraboid     (kar'-ab-oiJ)     '  .     a  carabus ; 

form].      In  biology,  the  second   larval  stage  of  certain 
insei  ts. 

Carajura  {kar-ah-ju'-rah)  [Brazil].  Same  as  Chica 
Red. 

Caramania  Gum.     See  Bassora  Cum. 

Caramel  <n-el)  [Fr.,  burnt  sugar].     Cane-sugar 

deprived  of  two  molecules  of  water.      It   is  a  viscid, 
brow  n  .  oli  Med  liquid. 

Caranna  [kar-anf-ak)  [Sp.,  caraHa\  An  aromatic  oleo- 
resin produced  by  the  tree  Protium  carana,  of  trop 
ical  America;   it  was  formerly  used   in  plasters:  also 
a   name  for  similar  gummy  resin-  from   Idea  a/tissima, 
Bursera  acuminata,  etc.,  all  tropical  American  trees. 


CAR  \I'A 


261 


CARBl  )IIVIjR.\  I  E 


Carapa  [kar^-ap-ah)  [caraipi,  a  native  Guiana  name]. 
A  genus  of  tropical  meliaceous  trees.  C.  gui- 
anensis  has  an  antispasmodic  and  febrifuge  bark, 
and  its  seeds  afford  carapa  oil,  a  protective  against 
insects  and  vermin.  C.  touloucouna,  of  W.  Africa, 
and  C.  indica,  of  Asia,  have  .similar  properties. 
In,,!. 

Carate  (kah-rah'-te)  [S.  America],  i.  A  skin-di 
local  in  tropica]  America,  marked  by  blue,  brown, 
scarlet,  or  rosy  patches  on  the  skin;  it  is  usually 
,  onfined  t,>  persons  not  of  the  white  race.  2.  A  kind 
of  camphor  produced  in  S.  America  from  the  plant 
Momordica  charantia. 

Carauna  {kar-aw' -nah).     See  Caranna. 

Caraway  [kar'-ah-wa).     See  Carum. 

Carbacidometer  [karb-as-id-om- '-et-er)  [carbo,  a  coal; 
acidum,  acid;  ufroov,  a  measure].  A  form  of  air- 
tester  for  estimating  the  amount  of  carbonic  acid  gas 
in  the  atmosphere  of  a  room  or  compartment. 

Carbamic  Acid  [kar-bam'-ik  as/-id).     See  Acid. 

Carbamid  (kar^-bam-id,  or  -mid)  [carbo,  a  coal;  amid"], 
»'ll,\.,<».  L'rea.  Amid  of  carboxyl.  It  is  prepared 
from  urine,  and  crystallizes  in  long,  rhombic  prisms  or 
needles  that  have  a  cooling  taste.  It  is  soluble  in  one 
part  of  cold    water   and    in    live  parts  of  alcohol,  but 


almost    insoluble 


ether ;    it    melts    at  132° ;    at  a 


higher  temperature  it  decomposes  into  ammonia, 
ammelid,  biuret,  and  cyanuric  acid;  it  is  found  in 
urine  ami  in  various  animal  fluids. 

Carbanil  (kar'-ban-il)  [carbo,  acoal ;  anilin],  C7H5NO. 
Phenyl  isocyanate;  a  compound  produced  in  the 
distillation  of  oxanilid.  It  is  a  mobile  liquid, 
boiling  at  1630,  and  has  a  pungent  odor,  provoking 
tears. 

Carbanilamid  {kar-ban-il'-am-id)  [carbo,  a  coal;  ani- 
iiu  ;  amid'],  C-H8N2.  Phenylurca ;  prepared  by 
evaporating  the  aqueous  solution  of  anilin  hydrochlo- 
rid  and  potassium  isocyanid.  It  forms  needles  easily 
soluble  in   hot  water,  alcohol,  and  ether,  and  melting 

at  I44-I45°- 
Carbanilid      [kar-ban' '-il-id)     [carbo,    coal;     ani/in~\, 
C13H,2N20.      Diphenyl  urea;   a  compound  formed  by 
the  action  of  phosgene  gas   on   anilin,  or  by  heating 
carbanilamid  with  anilin  to  1900.      It  consists  of  silky 


needles,    easily    soluble    in    alcohol    and    ether,    but 
llingly  soluble  in  water,  and  melts  at  2350. 

Carbasus     [kar'-bcu  nl.      G;, 

thin  muslin  used  in  surgery.  C.  carbolata  (N.  F.), 
carbolized  gauze.  C.  iodoformata  (N.  F.),  iodo 
l,,i  in  gauze. 

Carbazol  [kar1 -baz-ol)  [carbo,  coal;  azotum,  nitrogen], 
ll,,\.  Diphenylimid ;  a  body  produced  when  the 
vapors  ol  anilin  are  conducted  through  a  tube  heated 
to  redness.  It  is  a  by  product  in  the  manufacture  ,,1 
anilin.  [t  dissolves  in  hot  alcohol,  ether,  and  benzene, 
and  crystallizes  in  colorless  leaflets  that  melt  at  2380. 

Carbazotate   (kar-baz-o* -tat")    [carbo,    a  coal;    azotum, 
nitrogen],      ."same  as  Picrate. 

Carbazotic  Acid  \kar-baz-ot' '-ik).     See  Picric  Arid. 

Carbo  [kar'-bo")  [I..].  A  coal;  charcoal.  C.  ani- 
malis,  animal  charcoal ;  bone-black ;  it  i-  used  in 
pharmacy  and  in  manufacturing  chemistry  largely  as  a 
decolori/ing-agent  and  as  a  tiller.  C.  animalis  puri- 
ficatus,  purified  animal  charcoal.  C.  Hgni,  wi 
charcoal;  an  absorbent,  disinfectant,  and  deodorizer, 
used  in  poulticing  wounds  and  dressing  ulcers.  Given 
powdered,  in  capsules,  it   relieves  Lja-tric  irritation. 

Carbohydrate  {kar-bo-/nv-drdt)  [carbo,  coal  ;  i 
water].  An  organic  substance  containing  six  carbon 
atoms  or  some  multiple  of  six,  and  hydrogen  and 
oxygen  in  the  proportion  in  which  the)  form  water; 
that  is,  twice  as  many  hydrogen  as  oxygen  atom-. 
The  carbohydrates  form  a  large  group  of  interesting 
organic  compounds,  and  may  be  arranged  into  three 
groups  :  the  glucoses  {inonoses)  ;  the  disaccharids ,  or 
sugars;  and  the polysaccharids.  The  glucoses  are  the 
aldehvd  derivatives  or  ketone-derivatives  of  the  hexa- 
hydric  alcohols,  into  which  they  may  be  converted 
by  the  absorption  of  two  hydrogen  atoms.  They 
are  mostly  crystalline  substances,  very  soluble  in 
water,  but  dissolving  with  difficulty  in  alcohol.  They 
possess  a  sweet  taste  The  disaccharids  and  poly- 
saccharids  are  ethereal  anhydrids  of  the  glucoses. 
All  of  them  may  be  converted  into  the  glucoses 
by  hydrolytic  decomposition.  The  disaccharids  are 
ether-like  anhydrids  of  the  hexoses.  A  Table  of 
Carbohydrates  is  added.  C,  Test  for.  See  Tests, 
Table  of. 


SERIES  OF  THE  CARBOHYDRATES. 

1.  GLUCOSES. 


Name. 

Formula. 

Fermentation 

Optic  Activity. 

Reducing  Power. 

Monoses. 

C3H603 

Erythrose, 

C4H,*G\i 

...                                              ... 

Pentoses. 

C5H10O5 

Unfermentable. 

Reduces  Fehling's  solution. 

C5H10O5 

l'n  fermentable. 

.   .    . 

Reduces  Fehling's  solution. 

C6H1205 

I'nfermentable. 

Reduces  Fehling's  solution. 

11   \  oses. 

CgHioOg 

Fermented  by  yeast. 

Kxists  in  three  tonus  : 

1,  dextro-rotatory  ; 

2,  levo-rotatory  ;    3, 
inactive. 

Reduces  Fehling's  solution. 

Glucose,    ... 

(  ,.HioOe 

Fermented  by  yeast. 

Exists  in  three  forms  : 
1,  dextro-  rotatory  ; 
.•.    levo-rotatory;    3, 
inactive. 

Reduces  Fehling's  solution. 

*     HioOr 

Fermented  by  yeast. 

Dextro-rotatory. 

Reduces  Fehling's  solution. 

Fructose, 

L  ,,Hi.jO(5 

Fermented  by  yeast. 

Levo-rotatary. 

Reduces  Fehling's  solution. 

CARB<  ■IIVI»K.\  1  1 


■2(i-2 


(  ARBl  »ll\  DRATE 


SE]  i      1  III     '    VRBi  'UN  DRAT]  S.— Continued. 

i.  GLUCOSES. 


C  H 

Mi  N  1  A  1  l"N. 

Opth    Ac  rivi  i  i . 

Redi  i  inc  Power. 

1 '  n  i .  i  ni  e  n  tab)  e  by 

LSt. 

U  n  fe  r  in  e  n  tabl  e  by 
ast. 

•    ■    • 

Reduces  F«  hling's  solution. 

M 

C,H 

U  ii  fer  me  nt  able  bj 
ist. 

•    •    ■ 

•   •   ■ 

C,H 

Unfei  in  e  n  i  .i  b  I  e  bj 

ist. 

•  •   ■ 

.    - 

CgH 

(  .HjcOg 

1"  ii  fe  i  in  en  tabl  e  bj 

\  i  ast. 

U  n  f  e  r  ni  e  n  t  a  b  1  e  by 

yeast. 

-  •   ■ 

.    . 

•    •    • 

•  •   • 

.    .    . 

"lsOg 

Fermented  by  yeast. 

Reduces  Fehling's  solution. 

2.  DISACCHARIDS. 


'  "ane-Su- 

CuHaOu 

r  ii  ferm  entable  by 

yeast. 

Dextro-rotatory. 

Does  not  reduce  Fehling's  solution. 

-  .a 

CioH-bOh  +  H20 

Fermented  by  yeast. 

tro-rotatory. 

Reduces    Fehling's     solution    on 
boiling. 

CisH^On  +  HoO 

Fermented  bj  j  east. 

Dextro-rotatory. 

Reduces  Fehling's  solution. 

se  (Trehalose 

jHjO 

Fermented  by  yeast. 

Dextro-rotatorv. 

Does  not  reduce  Fehling's  solution 



CjjI  I 

.    .    • 

Melitose  (Raffinose), 


itose, 


3.  TRISACCHARIDS. 


C18H30O16  +  5H^(  •      Fermented  by  yeast. 


C)8HwOio-r  2H2O 


Dextro-rotatory.  Does  not  reduce  Fehling's  solution. 


Dextro-rotatory. 


4.  POLYSACCHARIDS. 


RMULA. 

ic  Activity. 
Dextro-rotatory. 

<>ry. 

Iodin  Reaction. 

Reducing   Power  and  Fer- 
ment A'l  ION. 

Stan  h  (Amylum),     .   . 

1     I !     >  >  .  or 
Cajl  1 

Blue  coloration. 

Fermentable. 

C.H,0O 

1    1 1 

1      1  ! 

Negative. 

Dirty  blue  color. 

Yellow  color. 

Reddish-brown  color. 

.   .    . 

' 

Inul 

Inimal 

'   ,  1  ' 

Dextro-rotatory. 
I  lextro-rotatory. 
Dextro-rotatory. 

Fermentable. 

.... 

Does   not   reduce   Fehling's  solu- 
tion.    I'nfermentable. 

H." 

not   reduce   Fehling's  solu- 
tion,    l.'nfermentable. 

not   reduce   Fehling's  solu- 
tion.    L'nfermentablc. 

Cellulose.  . 

I  lextro-rotatory. 

Blue  color 

•    • 

fAKIIMllYhkA  I  l   RIA 


263 


CARCINI  'MA 


Carbohydraturia  [kar-bo-hi-drat-u' -n  ah)  [carbohy- 
drate  ;  ovpov,  urine].     The  |  of  an  abnormally 

large  proportion  of  carbohydrates  in  the  tu 

Carbolic  [kar-bol' '-ih)  [carbo,  a  coal;  oleum,  oil]. 
Containing  or  derived  from  coal-tar  oil.  C.  Acid. 
Src  .-Icid,  ■  Carbolic.  C.  Mask,  Curschmann's  res- 
pirator for  use  in  fetid  bronchitis.  It  1-  fastened 
in  front  of  the  nose  and  mouth,  and  contains  cotton 
in  a  special  receptacle,  impregnated  with  carbolic  acid, 
equal  parts  of  carbolic  acid  and  alcohol,  turpentine, 
creasote,  etc. 

Carbolism  (kar'-bol-izm)  [carbo,  a  coal  ;  oleum,  oil]. 
Carbolic-acid  poisoning :  a  diseased  state  induced  by 
the  misuse  or  maladministration  of  carbolic  acid. 

Carbolize  [kar/ -bol-tz)  [carbo,  a  coal;  oleum,  oil].  To 
impregnate  with  carbolic  acid.  To  render  aseptic  or 
antiseptic  by  the  use  of  carbolic  acid. 

Carboluria  {kar-bol-u'-re-ah}  [carbo,  a  coal;  oleum, 
oil  ;  ovpov,  urine].  The  presence  of  carbolic  acid  in 
the  urine,  producing  a  dark  discoloration,  it  is  one 
of  the  signs  of  carbolic-acid  poisoning. 

Carbon  (kar'-bon)  [carbo,  charcoal].  Charcoal.  C  = 
12;  quantivalence  n,  iv.  A  non-metal  occurring  in 
the  various  forms  of  diamond,  graphite  or  "  black 
lead,"  and  charcoal.  In  medicine  only  the  last 
named  form  is  employed,  which  may  be, — C,  Animal, 
useful  as  a  deodorant  and  disinfectant,  as  it  readily 
absorbs  and  aids  in  oxidizing  many  gases.  It  is  used 
internally  to  absorb  fermenting  products  of  digestion. 
Carbo  animal.,  purificat.,  purified  animal  charcoal. 
I  lose  gr. xx- 3  j.  C.  Cataplasma  (B.  P.),  charcoal 
poultice;  wood-charcoal  I,  bread-crumb  I,  linseed 
.meal  3,  boiling  water  20.  C.  dioxid,  the  acid,  gas- 
eous product,  having  the  composition  of  C02,  com- 
monly known  as  "  carbonic  acid  gas,"  or  carbonic 
acid.  It  is  a  colorless  gas  having  a  sp.  gr.  of  1. 52, 
soluble  in  cold  water,  and  possessing  a  pungent  smell 
and  an  acid  taste.  Inhaled,  it  destroys  animal  life  by 
asphyxiation.  In  solution,  it  is  an  excellent  refrigerant 
and  stomachic.  Its  inhalation  is  fatal  in  a  short  time, 
even  when  diluted  with  95  parts  of  air.  It  is  a  pro- 
duct of  respiration.  It  is  used  in  medicine  for  inhala- 
tion in  whooping  cough,  asthma,  and  to  stop  hiccough. 
It  is  also  used  as  a  local  anesthetic  in  minor  surgery. 
C.  disulphid,  bisulphid  of  carbon,  CS2,  a  colorless, 
transparent  liquid  of  offensive  odor,  highly  inflamma- 
ble, very  poisonous.  A  good  solvent  for  caoutchouc. 
A  diluted  spray  of  it  is  recommended  in  diphtheria. 
Dose  tr^ss-j.  Carbo  ligni,  wood  charcoal.  C.  mon- 
oxid,  CO,  carbonic  oxid,  a  colorless,  tasteless,  and 
inodorous  gas,  one  of  the  products  of  imperfect  com- 
bustion. When  inhaled  it  is  actively  poisonous.  C. 
tetrachlorid,  CC14,  anesthetic,  recommended  locally 
for  asthma,  by  inhalation.  Unof.  See  Anesthetic. 
C.  oxysulphid,  a  body,  COS,  formed  by  conducting 
sulphur  vapor  and  carbon  monoxid  through  red-hot 
tubes  ;  it  is  a  colorless  gas,  with  a  faint  and  peculiar 
odor.  It  unites  readily  with  air,  forming  an  explosive 
mixture.  It  is  soluble  in  an  equal  volume  of  water. 
It  is  present  in  the  waters  of  some  mineral  springs. 

Carbonaphtholic  Acid  (kar-bon-af-thol'-ik  ).  See 
.  /  id  alpha-oxynaphthoic. 

Carbonemia  {kar-bon-e' -me-ah)  [carbon,  charcoal; 
aiun,  the  blood].  A  word  denoting  the  accumulation 
of  carbon  dioxid  in  the  blood. 

Carbonic  Acid  (kar-bon'-ik  as'-id).  See  Carbon  di- 
oxid. 

Carbonis  detergens.  Liquor.     See  Fix. 

Carbonization  [kar-bon-iz-af 'shun)  [carbo,  coal].  The 
process  of  decomposing  organic  substances  by  heat 
without  air,  until  the  volatile  products  are  driven  off 
and  the  carbon  remains. 


Carbonyl     [karf -bon-il )     [carbo,  charcoal].      A 

thetic  organic  radical  having  tin-  formula  '  I  1. 
Carbostyril    [har-bo-stir'-il )    [carbo,   charcoal;    styrax, 
storax],   CgH7NO.     Oxyquinolin;    a  compound    pn 
pared  by  digesting  quinolin  with  a  bleai  hing-lime  solu 
don.     It  crystallizes  from  hot  water  in  fine  needles,  and 
from  alcohol  in  large  prisms,  that  mell  at  198-199°. 
Carboxyl  (kar'-boks-il)   [carbo,  charcoal;  '<_<• ,  -harp]. 
The   atomic    group,    CO.OH,    characteristic    of     the 
organic  acids.     The  hydrogen  of  this  can  be  replaced 
by  metals,  l'  inning  salts. 
Carbuncle,  or    Carbunculus    [karf-bung-kel,   or  kar- 
bung/ -ku-lus)    [carbo,  a   live  coal].      A  hard,  circum- 
scribed, deep-seated,  painful  inflammation  of  tin-  sub- 
cutaneous   tissue,   accompanied    by   chill,   fever,  and 
constitutional  disturbance.      It  differs  from  a  boil  in 
having   greater  size,  a  ilat  top,  and  several  points  of 
suppuration.      It  i>  erroneously  called  anthrax. 
Carbuncular  (/tar-bung* -ku-lar)    [carbo,  a  live  coal]. 
Pertaining   to  a   carbuncle.      C.  Disease.     See    An- 
thracosis. 
Carbunculo  contagioso.     Synonym  of  Anthrax. 
Carbyl   (kar'-bil)    [carbo,  charcoal ;    bTuj,   matter].      A 
name    given    by   Magnus  to  the  hydrocarbon  ethylene 
when  it  acts  as  a  basic  radical. 
Carbylamin  [kar-bil'  -am-in)   [carbo,  charcoal ;   aminl. 
I.    A  name  for  hydrocyanic  acid.      2.   One  of  a  series 
of   compounds    parallel    to,  and    isomeric   with,   the 
nitrites,  characterized  by  their  ready  decomposition  by 
dilute  acids    into   formic   acid  and  amins.      They  are 
colorless  liquids   that  can  be  distilled,  and  possess  an 
exceedingly    disgusting     odor.      They     are    sparingly 
soluble  in  water,  but   readily   soluble    in  alcohol    and 
ether. 
Carcassonne's  Ligament.     See  Ligament. 
Carcerule  (kar'-ser-ool )  [career,  a  prison].     In  biology, 

a  many-celled,  many-seeded,  indehiscent  pericarp. 
Qaxchaiio<lor\\.(kar-l:ar'-o-dont)[K/'if)xapoc,  sharp,  jagged; 
bUovc,  tooth].      In   biology,   having   compressed,  tren- 
chant, acute,  pointed  teeth,  as  sharks  and  snakes. 
Carcinoid  1  kar' ' -sin-oid ')  [itapidvoq,  a  crab  ;  eldoc-,  shape]. 

In  biology,  crab-like. 
Carcinology  (kar-sin-ol'-o-je)  [icapidvoq,  a  crab;  Xbysiv, 
to  speak].  The  systematized  knowledge  of  crusta- 
ceans, or  crabs,  etc.,  a  department  of  zoology. 
Carcinoma  \kar-sin-o' -mali)  [Kapnivuna;  Kapnivog,  a 
crab,  thus  called  from  the  appearance  of  the  veins]. 
A  malignant  tumor,  characterized  by  a  network  of 
connective  tissue  whose  areolae  are  filled  with  cell- 
masses  resembling  epithelial  cells.  See  '/'//mors, 
Table  of.  C,  Chimney-Sweepers'.  See  Epithe- 
lioma. C,  colloid  (Alveolar),  affects  chiefly  the 
alimentary  canal,  uterus,  peritoneum,  etc.;  the  deli- 
cate connective-tissue  stroma  is  filled  with  colloid 
matter  in  alveoli,  or  cysts.  C.  cutis,  cancer  of  the 
skin.  See  Epithelioma.  C,  desmoid.  See  Hodg- 
kin's  Disease.  C,  encephaloid,  is  of  rapid  growth. 
with  a  small  amount  of  stroma,  large  alveoli,  and 
greater  amount  of  cells  and  blood-vessels.  Hematoid 
(bloody),  Osteoid  (in  bones),  Villous  (papillary),  etc., 
are  other  varieties,  encephaloid  in  character.  C. 
epitheliomatous,  or  squamous-celled,  the  cells 
resemble  squamous  epithelium,  and  they  invade  the 
adjacent  tissue  in  a  columnar  manner.  C.  lenticulare, 
the  most  common  form  of  cutaneous  scirrhus.  It 
begins  as  small,  shot-sized,  flattish.  red  papules,  that 
enlarge  to  the  size  of  a  pea,  bean,  or  filbert,  most  of 
them  projecting  above  the  surface,  while  others  are 
subcutaneous.  They  are  generally  seated  on  a  red 
or  violaceous  surface,  and  the^e  coalesce  into  large 
irregular  masses  that  -ooner  or  later  break  down, 
ulcerate,  and   fungate,   sometimes  bleeding  profusely. 


<  AR<  IN'  »M  \  1 


264 


<  ARDIO<  ELE 


The  patienl  C,  Hpomat- 

Ou>  C,  medullary. 

C.   melanodes.    similar 

n  or 

C, 

melanotic.  C, 

scirrhous.         I  ist  ; 

it    :  s'i'li 

C    tuberosum,  a   rarer  form 
which  the  nodi 

The 

laustion  at  upon 

C.  Stiles's  Test  for ; 

ent.  solution 

i  roinuti  then  in  cold 

I  he    carcinomatous    tissue 

the  normal  tissue  translucent. 

Carcinomatous  .  a  crab]. 

ireinoma. 
Carcinomorphic  crab; 

.  form] .      In  bi  rab. 

Carcinophagous  a  crab  ; 

•  rabs  and  other  crus- 

Carcinos:-  rah].     I.   A  can- 

to  the  development 
A    form    of  cancer,  usually 
rally  in  the  uterus  or  tin-  stomach 
ritoneum.     C,  Acute,  rapidly 
C   Miliary,  carcinosis    ir.    minute 

Carcinus  [  .  crab].      Same  as  C'a/i- 

■t<i. 

Cardamom  -       Cardamotnum. 

Cardamomum      iar-dam-o/ -mum)    [L.  ;    Qen.    Carda- 

im.    The  fruit  of  Elettaria  repens,  cul- 

tn  Malabar.    It-  properties  arc  due  to  a  volatile 

It  i-  an  aromatic, carminative  stomachic. 

ral  "  bitters."     Itis  useful 

wh  ined   with  purgatives  to  prevent  griping. 

C    infusum.     In  isists   of    cardamom    zj, 

•'2-     Dose  a  wineglassful.     C,  Tinct.,  io  pei 

strength.      Dose    .^j-ij-     C,    Tinct.    Comp., 

jo,  cinnamon  20,  caraway  io,  cochineal  5, 

1  60,  dilute  alcohol,  a.  s.  ad  1000  parts.      Dose 

Carden's  Operations.     See  Operations,   Table  of. 
Cardia  .   the-    heart].      The    heart. 

C.  of  the  Stomach,  the    1  al  orifice  of  the 

Cardiac  [xapfiia,  the  heart].      Pertaining  to 

C.  Aspect,  thai  the    heart.     C. 

Cycle. 

C.  Dropsy. 
C.    Dulness,  t 

n    1  iv 
C.    Dysp- 
nea C. 
Epilepsy, 

in  in 

tiin 

mn 

C. 
Ganglia,    lie     in    I 


'r      ■      ■     ;     '.         hoWS    the 
HI      ill     the 

hows 

■uihIs 

•its. 


Facies.  C. 

-the 


principal  are  Remak's  and  Bidder's,  the  first  on 
the  surface  of  the  sinus  venosus,  and  the  latter  (two) 
at    the    auriculo-ventricular    groove.      See    iian 

C.  Impulse,  the  elevation  caused  by  the 
movement  ol  the  heart,  usually  seen  in  the  tilth  left 
intercostal  space.  C.  Murmurs.  See  Murmurs.  C. 
Orifice,  of  the  stomach,  the  esophageal  orifice.  C. 
Passion,  pain  in  the  heart,  or  the  stomach.  C. 
Plexus.     See  ■  C.  Rhythm,  the   term  given 

to  the   normal  regularity  in   the  tone  and  volume  ol 
the    individual    heart-beats.     In  oi    cardiac  in- 

sufficiency this  regularity  i-  disturbed  to  a  greater  or 
less  degree,  as  is  also  the  interval  between  the  beats, 
and  thi-  condition  has  been  tinned  arrhythmia.  The 
name  allorrhythmia  has  been  applied  to  various  per- 
versions ol  rhythm.  These  abnormal  conditions  .in- 
due very  probablyto  some  derangement  of  the  intrinsic 
nerve-apparatus  of  the  heart,  and  are  considered  as  un- 
irable  indications. 

Cardiagra  [kar-de-af -grah\  [icapdia,  heart ;  oypa,  seiz- 
ure].     Gouty  attack  of  the  heart. 

Cardialgia    (kar-de-al'-je-ati)     [icapdia,    heart;     <;/;<», 
pain],     A  term  loosely  used  as  a  synonym  of    gastro 
dynia  in  general,  heartburn,  and  stomachic  pains  on  the 
side. 

Cardiamorphia  (kar-de-am-or^-fe-ah)  \_Kap6ia,  heart; 
a  priv.  ;  fiopQ//,  form].  Deformity  or  malformation  ol 
the  heart. 

Cardianastrophe  [kar-de-an-as' -tro-fe)  [i.a/xJm,  heart; 
hvaorpotyfi,  a  turning  back].  Displacement  oi  the 
heart  to  the  right  side  of   the  ch< 

Cardianeuria   [kar-de-ah-nu'-re-ah)    \mpSia,  heart  ;   a 
priv.  ;   1:1, nil.  a  nerve].     Lack  of  nerve-stimulus 
the  heart. 

Cardiant  [kar' -de-ant)  \mp8ia,  the  heart],  I.  Affect- 
ing the  heart.       2.    A  remedy  that  affects  the  heart. 

Cardiarctia  ikar-de-ark' -te-ah)  \_napSia,  heart ;  aretus, 
hound].      Cardiac  stenosis. 

Cardiasthma  {kar-de-az' '-man)   \_nap8la,  heart;   acBpa, 
asthma].      Dyspnea  or  so-called  asthma  due  to  heart- 
ase. 

Cardiatelia  {kar-de-ak-te'  -le-ah).     See  Atelocardia. 

Cardiatrophia     [kar-de-at-ro-' '-fe-ak)     \Kap6ia,    heart; 
"Ki,   wasting].     Atrophy  of  the  heart. 

Cardiauxe    {kar-de-awksf-e)    [napdia,  heart;    av^T},   ra- 
ise].     Enlargement  of  the  heart. 

Cardicentesis  {kar-de-sen-tef-sis\.     See   Cardiocentesis. 

Cardiechema  (kar-de-ek-e'-mak)  [napdia,  heart ;  15 1 ////«, 
sound  :  pi.,  Cardiechemata\  A  sound  produced  in  or 
by  the  heart. 

Cardiectasis  {kar-de-ek'-tas-is)  \jaip6la,  heart ;  inmate;, 
a  stretching  out].      Dilatation  of  the  heart. 

Cardielcosis  [kar-de-el-ko/ -sis)  \jaipSia,  heart;   ehi 
ulceration].      Ulceration  of  the  hi 

Cardiemphraxia  {kar-de-em-fraks' '-e-ah)  \mp6la,  heart; 
„;-/<■,  obstruction].      <  >bstruction  to  the  hlood-cur- 
in  the  heart. 

Cardieurysma     {kar-de-u-riz' -maK)     [mpdia,     heart ; 
wide],      1  limitation  of  the  heart, 

Cardiform     {kar* -dif-orm)     [cardus,    a    card;    forma. 
shape].      In    biology,    having    the    teeth    set    as   in 
1  id. 

Cardinal  1  kar' -din-al)   [cardo,&   hinge],      A   chief  or 
principal  part.     C.  Flower,  a  common  name  for  sev- 
lia,    chiefly    L.    cardinalis.     C. 
Points.      See  Eye,   Diagrammatic.      C.    Points  of 
Capuron.  is.     C.  Veins,  the  venous  trunks 

which,  in  the  embryonic  stage,  form  tin- primitive  jugu- 
lar veins. 

Cardiocele  \L-ar'  ■    a,  heart  ;    K^hj,  tumor]. 

Hernial   protrusion  of  the  heart,  chiefly  through  the 
diaphragm. 


CARDK  »CENTESIS 


265 


CARK  I  lL(  (GIST 


Cardiocentesis     {kar-de-o     n  [icapdia,    heart; 

Kevrqoig,  puncture].     Surgical  puncture  and  aspiration 

of  one  iif  the  chambers  ol  the  heart. 
Cardioclasia       [kar-di  o-kla*  ze-ah)     [icapdia,     heart; 

u/nnir,  rupture].      Rupture  of  the  heart 
Cardiocrystallus  (ka  ■/'  us)  [icapdia,  heart; 

hjnrrti'//i«;,    crystal:  pi.,    Cardiocrystalli\.      A    heart 

crystal ;  amii  roscopic  white  crystal  sometimes  In  mid  in 

the  tissues  of  the  heart. 
C;irdiodemia  \kar-de-o-de1 -mi  .  heart  ;  i 

fat].      Fatty  heart;  fatty  degeneration  of  the  heart. 
Cardiodynia  [kar-de-o-din'-e-ah)  i  .  heart;  61 

pain].      Pain  in  or  about  the  heart. 
Cardiogmus    {kar-de-og' -mus)    [icapdia,    heart;    5] 

a  furrow].      Angina  pectoris;  cardialgia;  palpitation; 

aneurysm  of  a  vessel   near  the    heart ;    exophthalmic 

goiter.      C.  strumosus.     Synonym  of  Exophthalmic 

Goiter. 
Cardiogram  {karf -de-o-gram)   [icapdia,  heart  ;    ypduua, 

a  writing].     The  tracing  made  of  the  cardiac  impulse 

by  the  cardiograph.      See,  also,  Heart. 
Cardiograph   {kar/-de- 

O-graf)  [icapdia ,  heart ; 

ypaipEiv,  to  write].  An 

instrument    for  regis- 
tering graphically  the 

modifications    of    the 

pulsations     of     the 

heart. 
Cardiography    (kar- 

de-o-graf' -ik)\icapdia, 

the  heart;  ip&Qeiv,  to 

write] .    Pertaining  to 

or    recorded    by    the 

cardiograph. 
Cardiography   [kar-de- 


ogf-ra-fe)  [icapdia,  the 


Cardiograph  of  v. 

t.  Exit  tube.   e.  Spring. 

(Landois.) 


Knoll. 
p.  Button. 


heart;  ypdfsiv,  to  write].  I.  The  use  of  the  cardio- 
graph.     2.   A  description  of  the  anatomy  of  the  heart. 

Cardiohemothrombus  [kar-de-o-hem-o-throm'-biis) 
[icapdia,  heart;  aiiia,  blood;  Opopjiuatg,  a  becoming 
curdled].      Heart-clot. 

Cardio-inhibitory  {kar-de-o-in-hW -it-o-re)  [icapdia,  the 
heart;  inhibere,  to  restrain].  Pertaining  to  the  dim- 
inution of  the  heart's  action.  C.-i.  Center,  located  in 
the  medulla.  C.-i.  Nerves,  the  libers  of  the  spinal 
accessory  supplied  to  the  vagus. 

Cardiolith  [kar'-de-o-lith)  [icapdia,  heart ;  ?.it)oc,  a  stone]. 
A  cardiac  concretion. 

Cardiology  [kar-de-o/' '-o-j'e)  [icapdia,  heart;  soyoq,  dis- 
course]. The  anatomy,  physiology,  and  pathology 
of  the  heart. 

Cardiomalacia  [kar-de-o-mal-af  -se-ah\  [icapdia,  heart ; 
paAaKia,  softness].  Morbid  softening  of  the  substance 
of  the  heart. 

Cardiomegalia  [kar-de-o-meg-a' -le-aK)  [icapdia,  heart  ; 
ptyag,  large].      Cardiac  enlargement. 

Cardiometer  (kar-de-om'-et-er)  [icapdia,  heart ;  pkrpov, 
a  measure].  An  instrument  for  estimating  the  force 
of  the  heart's  action. 

Cardiometry  (kar-de-om'-et-re)  [napdia,  the  heart; 
//.  rpov,  a  measure].  The  estimation  of  the  size  and 
dimensions  of  the  heart  (as  by  means  of  auscultation 
and  percussion). 

Cardiopalmus  [kar-de-o-pal' -mus)  [icapdia,  heart; 
-ii/iiiii-.  palpitation].      Palpitation  of  the  heart. 

Cardiopathy  [kar-de-op' -a-the)  [icapdia,  heart ;  ~ddog, 
disease].      Any  disease  of  the  heart. 

Cardiopericarditis  |  kar-de-o-per-e-kar-di' -tis )  [napdia, 
heart ;  Kepi,  around  ;  icapdia,  the  heart  ;  itic,  inflam- 
mation]. Carditis  and  pericarditis  together;  inflam- 
mation of  the  heart-tissues  and  of  the  pericardium. 


Cardioplegia  o-ple* '-je-ak)  [icapdia,  heart  ;  n 

a  stroke].      Paralysis  of  the  heart. 

Cardio-pneumatic  nu-mat'-ik)        [icap 

heart;    rvevpa,   the   breath].      Pertaining  to  the  heart 
and  the    breath.      C.-p.  Movements.     Thosi 
ments  of  the   air    in   the   Im  1  by  the 

pulsations  oi  the  he  irl    ind  Larger 

Cardio-pneumograph  [kar-de-o-nu' -n 

heart  ;  breath  ;  .  to   write].      An   in- 

strument  designed    for    graphically  recording    cardio- 
pneumatic  movements. 

Cardiopuncture  [kar-de-o-punk' '-chur)  [icapdia,  heart; 
punctura,  a  puncture],  i.  Cardiocentesis.  2.  Any 
surgical  or  vivisei  tional  puncture  of  the  heart. 

Cardiopyloric      (ka)  Ik)      [icapdia,     heart; 

irvfajpdg,  a  gate-Keeper].   Referring  to  both  the  cardiac 
and  pyloric  portions  ol   the  stomach. 

Cardiorrhexis   {kar-de-o-reks' -is)  [napdia,  heart ;   . 
rupture].      Rupture-  of  the  heart. 

Cardiosclerosis  (kar-de-o-skle-ro'-s'is)  [napdia,  heart; 
<7k'/ i/jHjcir,  to  harden].  Induration  of  the  tissues  of 
the  heart.      Si  i    I        id  H  art. 

Cardioscope    (kar'-dc-o-skop)    [napdia ,  heart  ;     I 

to  view].      An   instrument   for   the  observation  of  the 
movements  or  of  lesions  of  the  heart. 

Cardiostenosis     (kar-de-o-ste-no1 -sis)     [icapdia,    heart ; 
OTtvunic,    narrowing].        Constriction    of    the     b 
especially  of  the  conns   arteriosus ;    also  the  develop- 
ment of  such  a  constriction. 

Cardio-thyroid  Exophthalmos  [kar' -de-o-thi-roid  eks- 
off-thai* -mos).      Synonym  of  Exophthalmic  Goiter. 

Cardiotomy  i ,kar-de-ot'-o-mc)  [icapdia, heart  ;  TopJj,  cut- 
ting].     The  anatomy  or  dissection  of  the  heart. 

Cardioiopography  (har-de-o-to-pog'-i-a-fej^apdia,  heart; 
r6irog,  place  ;  ypaipeiv,  to  write].  The  topography  or 
topographic  anatomy  of  the  heart  and  the  cardiac  area. 

Cardiotoxic  [kar-de-o-toks' '-ik)  [icapdia,  heart ;  to%uc6v, 
poison].  Having  a  poisonous  effect  upon  or  through 
the  heart. 

Cardiotrauma  [kar-de-o-trawf -mah)  [icapdia,  heart  ; 
Tpavua,  a  wound].  Traumatism  or  wound  of  the 
heart. 

Cardiotromus  [kar-de-of '-ro-mus)  [napdia,  heart  ;  rpo- 
pog,  a  quivering].  A  fluttering  or  slight  palpitation  of 
the  heart. 

Cardiovascular  i  kar-de-o-vasf -ku-lar)  [napdia,  heart ; 
vasculum,  a  small  vessel].  Both  cardiac  and  vascular; 
pertaining  to  the  blood-vessels  of  the  heart. 

Carditic  [kar-dit' -ik)  [icapdia,  the  heart;  trig,  inflamma- 
tion].    Relating  to  or  affected  with  carditis. 

Carditis  {kar-di' -tis)  [icapdia,  the  heart  ;  trig,  inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation  of  the  heart.  C,  Internal. 
Synonym  of  Endocarditis. 

Cardo  [kar'-do)  [cardo,  a  hinge].  In  biology,  a  hinge- 
joint,  as  that  of  a  bivalve  shell  or  the  maxilla  of  an 
insei  i 

Cardol  {kar'-dol).     Se    Anacardium. 

Carduus  (kar^-du-us)  [L.,  a  thistle].  The  seeds  of  C. 
Tnarianits,  St.  Mary's  thistle,  and  C.  benedictus,  blessi  d 
thistle.  A  decoction  of  the  former,  ^  ij  ad  Oj,  con- 
stitutes an  old  and  popular  remedy  for  hemoptysis. 
The  latter  is  also  a  popular  cure-all,  used  mainly  as  a 
tonic  bitter.  Dose  of  decoction  Ijj—  5ss;  of  a  tinc- 
ture, tTLx-xx. 

Carferal  [kar1 '-fer-al)  [carbon,  charcoal  ;  ferrum,  iron; 
aluminum .]  A  proprietary  combination  of  carbon, 
iron  oxid,  and  clay;  it  is  used  as  a  filtering  material 
for  water. 

Carica  Papaya  [kar'-ik-ah  pap-a'-yak).     See  Papain. 

Caricin  [kar'-is-in).      See  Papain. 

Caricolog-ist  [kar-ik-ol'-o-iist)  [carex,  sedge;  Tiiyuv, 
to  speak].      A  student  of  sedges. 


(  ARN  I  'I  - 


266 


<  ARPAGRA 


Caricous  i  fig]       Fig-shaped,  as 

Carics.  A  chronic  in 

unmation  with  rarefaction  ption  ol 

nit  ition  ; 
molecular  with    th<  mpanying 

C.  fungosa,  tul  of 

strum,  the  m<  I   the 

lad  ng  into  them 

C,  necrotic, 
whi  n  a  suppurating  cavity. 

C.  sice.  i  baracterized  by 

tion  of  the  cavit)  oi 
th,  ic  atrophy  of  the 

C.  of  Spine, or  Pott's 

Diseas-.  of  the  (  and 

inti  ducing  curvature   oi 

C.  of  Teeth.  a  chemical   decomposition 

irtion  "f  a  tooth,  accom- 

mplete  disorganization  of  the 

ted  part. 

Carina  .   the    keel].      In    biology, 

structures  ;  as  the  breast-bone 
-.  •      m<  dian  pieci    to  the  carapace  of  a 

Carinate  [carinatus,  keel-shaped].    Keeled. 

Carinated  Abdomen  {kar* -in-a-ted  ab'-do-meri).     See 

Cariniform     [kar-in' '-if-orm)     [carina*    keel;     forma, 
In  biology,  applied  to  the  keel-like  fins  of 
d  to  other  structure-. 
Carino-lateral    (kar-in-o-laCer-al)    [carina,    a   keel; 
•  .  side].      Placed  at  the  side  of  the  carina  of  an 
animal. 
Carn  A    poisonous    active    principle    ob- 

tainable    from     parsley.      It    resembles    apiol     in    its 
phj  effei  ts,  but  produces  a  peculiar  uterine  vas- 

l    -tion  ;    it  is  useful  in  genito-spinal  atony. 
I fl 

Carious  >     [cart,   ,  rottenness].      Pertaining  to 

with    caries.      C.    Teeth,     Effects    of; 

th    may    occasion    facial     neuralgia,   facial 

pai  iatica,  hemiplegia   and    spinal    irritation, 

pai  tnus,     headache,     epilepsy,    hysteria, 

nity,  etc. 

Carissa  [I-]-      A    genus    of    shrubs.      C. 

schimperi.     See  Ouabain. 
Carius,  Method    of.     A  method    for    the    quantitative 
termination  of  ha!  The  substance,   weighed 

mall,  glass    tube,  is    heated    together  with 
and  silver  nit  from  1500  to 

ed  tube,  and  the  quantity  of  the  result- 
4,       r  haloid  determined. 
Carlsbad  Water.     A  famous  mineral  water  used  largely 
ns  of   th  intestinal    tri 

■ 
Carmin  \     ,  oloring  matter 

C.  Naphtha. 
C.  Red.    Same  as  ( '<?<  iineal. 
Carminant    {kar/-m  nen,     a    charm].      1. 

•     r  medii  ine. 
Carminative  ,  ,,.  a  charm],      A 

ithing  n,  for  child] 

Carminic  Acid  [kar-min  id. 

Carminophile  to 

min. 
Carnal  |j  ]        Pertaining    to 

C    Knowledge.  [,.  1. 

• 

without    seminal 
m. 


Carnauba    [kar-na-oot -bah )   [Braz.  ].       The    root    of 
if  era,  9,  wax-producing  palm-tree  of  tropi- 
cal Anuii. . 1.      It  i-  used  in  Brazil  as  an  alterative  and 
resembles  sarsaparilla  in  its  properties.      Dose  of  the 

lid.  e\t.  n^wx-^j.  Unof.  C.  Wax,  obtained  from 
the  leave-  of  the  camauba-palm,  Copemieia  eerifera, 
of  Brazil.  Its  specific  gravity  is.  999  and  its  melting- 
point  185  I  (84°  C).  It  is  brittle  and  of  a  yellowish 
or.      It    i-  extensivel)  used  in  the   manufacture  ol 

•   1  andles. 

Carneous  {kar4 '-ne-us)  [carneus,  of  flesh].  Fleshy. 
C.  Columns.     See  Columns  Can: 

Carnification  \kar-nif-ik-af -shun)  \caro,  flesh;  fieri, 
to  become],  A  term  indicating  the  alteration  of  tis- 
sue to  an  unnatural,  lleshy  appearance.  Also,  the 
amyloid  degeneration  of  certain  tissues. 

Carnin  {kar'-nin)  \caro,  flesh],  <'7IL\(<>..  A  U-u 
komalne  isolated  from  American  meat  extract .  but  not 
from  muscle-tissue  itself;  also  obtained  from  yeasl 
and  wine.  It  crystallizes  in  white  masses  composed 
ol  very  small  irregular  crystals ;  it  is  soluble  with  great 
difficulty  in  cold,  readily  soluble  in  hot  water,  insolu- 
ble in  alcohol  and  in  ether.  It  is  not  thought  to  be 
very  poisonous,  but  experiments  made  by  Uriicke 
show  that  it  causes  a  fluctuation  in  the  rate  of  the 
heart-beat. 

Carnivorous  {kar-niv1 -o-rus)  \caro,  flesh;  vorare,  to 
devour].      In  surgery,  caustic.  escharOtic ;  tle-h  eating. 

Carnochans  Operations.     See    Operations,    Table  of 

Carnose  [kar'-nds)  \camosus,  fleshy].  Resembling 
or  having  the  consistence  of  flesh. 

Carnosity  [kar-nos'-it-e)  [camosus,  lleshy].  A  fleshy 
growth  or  excrescence. 

Carnot's  Doctrine.  An  absurd  theory  advanced  as  an 
objection  to  vaccination.  It  is  the  doctrine  of  the 
"displacement  of  mortality."  C'arnot  claimed  that 
while  certain  diseases  (small-pox,  measles,  croup,  etc.,) 
were  decreasing,  other  diseases  (cholera,  typhoid 
fever,  dysentery)  were  increasing,  and  that  vaccination 
was  the  cause  of  all  the  disturbance. 

Caro  [ka'-rd]  [L.].      Flesh:   muscular  tissue. 

Caroba  {kar-o'-bah  )  [I-]-      The   leaflets  of  Jaearanda 

procera  and  of  Cybista  \  antisyphilitica.      It  is  a  popular 

Brazilian  remedy  as  an  emeto-cathartic  alterative,  and 

tonic   in   syphilis  and  in  yaws.      Dose  of  the  fid.  ext. 

tri  xv- 3  j.'     Unof. 

Carobin  \kar-o'-bin)  [earoba~\.  An  alkaloid  said  to  be 
found  in  the  leaves  of  Jaearanda  proeera. 

Carolina  {kar-o-li' '-nah  1  \Carolus,  Charles],  A  name 
given  to  two  Southern  Stales  of  the  Union.  C.  All- 
spice.    See  (  alycanthus.     C.  Pink.     See  Spigelta. 

Carotic  [kar-ot'-ik  )  [/edpoi .  stupor].  <  >f  the  nature  of 
1  arus  ;  stupid  ;  stupefying. 

Carotico-clinoid  (kar-of '-ik-o-kW '-void  )  \_K<i/»>r,  stupor  ; 
/</irrr,  a  bed].  Relating  to  a  carotid  artery  and  a 
clinoid  ]  rocess  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Carotico-tympanic   {kar-oP '-ik-o-tim-pan' '-ik)    [icapm  . 
stupor;    -1  ii-iimr,  a   drum].      Relating   to   the  carotid 
1  and  the  tympanum. 

Carotid    [kar-ot'-id)     [Kapur'u  \     ko uv,    to     produce 

sleep].  1.  The  principal  (right  and  left)  artery  of  the 
neck.  (They  were  thought  to  give  origin  to  sleep.  1 
•  Arteries,  Table,:  2  Of  oi  relating  to  either  of 
the  two  great  arteries  of  the  neck,  or  their  principal 
branches.    See  Cana!,  Foramen, Ganglion,  Plexus,  etc. 

Carotin  (kar' '-o-tin)  \carota,  carrot],  (',. I  !.,,(>.  An 
oily  coloring  matter  found  in  carrol  rool  and  tomato. 
It    is  a  lipot  hron 

Carpadelium  {kar-pad-e* -le-um)  [itapirbc,  fruit;  a<V<ir, 
h'>t  manifest].      Same  as  Cremocarp. 

Carpagra  {karpt -a-grah)  \Kapn6c,  the  wrist;  iypa,  a 
seizure],      A  sudden  attack  of  pain  at  the  wrist. 


CAR PA  IX 


267 


CAR  I  [LAGE 


Carpain  (kar-pa' -in) ,  <  ',,1 1.J7N<  >,.  An  alkaloid  ex- 
tracted from  the  leaves  of  Carica papaya,  li  forms 
well-defined,  beautiful  crystals,  with  a  very  hitter 
ta>te,  and  melting  at  1150  C.  It  is  recommended  for 
the  subcutaneous  treatment  of  heart-disease.  Dose, 
grain  T'(T  to  \  subcutaneously,  every  day,  or  every 
second  day. 

Carpal  [karp'-al)  [/copirdc,  the  wrist].  Pertaining  to 
the  wrist.  C.  Angle,  in  biology,  the  bend  ol  the 
_wing. 

Carpale  (kar-pa' -le)  [icapirdg,  the  wrist].  Any  one  of 
the  wrist-bones. 

Carpel  [kar'-pel)  \Kapir6q,  fruit].  In  biology,  the 
ovule  producing  organ  of  a  plant  ;  a  simple  pistil,  or 
the  homologous  portion  of  a  compound  pistil. 

Carpellary  {karf -pel-a-re)  \jtapir6g,  fruit].  Containing, 
like,  or  belonging  to  a  carpel. 

Carpen  \karp'  -en)  [icapir6g,  the  wrist].  Belonging  to  the 
carpus  in  itself. 

Carphologia  [kar-fo-lof-je-ah).     See  Carphology. 

Carphology  \kar-folf -o-je)  [K&pQog,  chaff;  / ■■ ,  ■■  v,  to 
collect].  A  symptom  in  delirious  and  dying  person-, 
consisting  in  picking  at  the  bedclothes.  It  is  generally 
looked  upon  as  an  unfavorable  omen.  Floccilatio,  or 
floccilation,  was  the  term  formerly  given  to  this  symp- 
tom. 

Carpobalsamum  (kar-po-bal'  -sam-nm)   [/captor,  fruit  ; 

i<i'/.oauov,    balsam].     The    fruit    of  Balsamodendron 

(Commiphora)  opobahamum,  the   Mecca  balsam-tree; 

also  a  fragrant  volatile  oil   from  the  same  fruit.      It  is 

highly  prized  in  the  Orient.      Unof. 

Carpocace  (kar-pok'-as-e)  [napTrog,  wrist;  kukoc,,  bad]. 
A  diseased  condition  of  the  wrist. 

Carpogenic  (kar-po-jen'  ik)  [Kapn6g,  fruit;  }«v/r,  pro- 
ducing]. Applied  to  the  fruit-producing  cell  or  sys- 
tem of  cells  in  certain  algae. 

Carpognathite  (kar-pog1 '-natk-lt)  [napwoc,  the  wrist  ; 
yvadog,  the  jaw].  In  biology,  the  fifth  joint  of  the 
gnathopodite  or  foot-jaw  of  a  crustacean.     See  Carpos. 

Carpogonium  {kar-po-gof-ni  -111/1)  [/cap7r<5c,  fruit;  yovoq, 
producing].  In  biology,  the  unfertilized  female 
reproductive  organ  of  certain  thallophytes. 

Carpolith  (kar'-po-lith)  [KapTroc,  fruit;  Aidoc,  a  stone]. 
I.  A  hard  concretion  formed  in  a  fruit.  2.  A  petrified 
fruit. 

Carpology  (kar-pol'-o-je)  [jiapizoc,  fruit ;  teyeiv,  to 
speak].  That  department  of  botany  that  treats  of 
fruits. 

Carpomania  (kar-po-ma' -ne-ah)  [napTror,  fruit ;  fiavia, 
madness].  In  biology,  the  excessive  production  of 
fruit  by  trees  that  are  cultivated. 

Carpo-metacarpal  (kar-po-mel-a-kar' '-pa/)  \_Kapir6q, 
carpus;  fiera,  between,  among;  mp-oc,  carpus]. 
Relating  to  the  carpus  and  to  the  metacarpus. 

Carpo  pedal  {kar-po-ped' '-al )  [/capTroc,  carpus ;  pes, pedis, 
a  foot].  Affecting  the  wrists  or  the  hands  and  feet. 
C.  Spasm,  a  spasm  of  the  hands  and  feet,  or  of  the 
thumbs  and  great  toes,  associated  with  the  laryngismus 
stridulus  of  children.  C.  Contractions.  See  Con- 
traction. 

Carpophagous  [kar-poff^-ag-us)  \jcapn6g,  fruit  ;  fyayelv, 
to  eat].      Applied  to  fruit-eating  animals. 

Carpophore  (kar'-po-for)  \jaapir6g,  fruit  ;  (p£peiv,  to 
bear].  In  biology,  the  stalk  or  support  of  fruits, 
corresponding  to  the  receptacle  in  the  flower.  Also 
an  organ,  in  some  thallophytes,  that  bears  spores. 

Carpopodite  [kar-popf -o-dit)  [Kaprzoe,  the  wrist; 

the  foot].      In  biology,  a  part  of  the  crustacean  limb, 
i.e.,  the  fifth  joint  of  the  endopodite.      See  Carpos. 

Carpoptosis  (kar-pop-to* '-sis)  \_nap-6r,  wrist  ;  -ruaig, 
a  fall]:     Wrist-drop. 

Carpos  (kar'-pos)  \_Kap7r6g,  wrist].      In  biology,  the  fifth 


joint  of  any  crustacean  appendagi      Bate).      The  same 
as  Carpognathite  and  Carpopoditt   (Milne  Edwards 

Carpospore  (kar' -po-spor)  \_Knp-ur,  fruit  ; 
In  biology,  the  equivalent  of  spore. 

Carpostome     [kar' -po-stbm)      \icapTc6q,    fruit  ;     <tt 
mouth].      In  biology,  one  ol    tin-   narrow   mouths  01 
canals  through  which  spores  are  discharged  from  the 
1  \  sto(  .up  "i  sporocarp, 

Carpotica   [kar-pof '-ik-ah)    [■  fruit].       Diseases 

connei  ted  with  pregnan<  y  and  1  hildbirth. 

Carpozyma  (kar-po-zi* -mah)  \mpit6g,  fruit  ;  J/////,  fer- 
meiitj.  A  genusof  fermentative  mil  rodrganisms.  C. 
apiculata,  a  widely-diffused  alcoholic  ferment  found 
in  all   fruits. 

Carpue's  Operation.     See  Operations,   Table  of. 

Carpus  {/carp1' -i/s)  \jtapir6g,  the  wrist].  The  eight  bones 
collectively  forming  the  wrist.      See  Bon    .   Table  of. 

Carr's   Method.     Nee  Treatment,  Method 

Carrageen,  or  Carragheen  1  n)  [Carragheen  in 

Ireland].      Irish  moss.      See  Chondrus. 

Carragheenin  (kar-ag-ln' '-in),  <  JI,,,'  >5.  A  mucilagin- 
ous constituent  of  carragheen,  apparently  identical  with 
pararabin. 

Carre's  Apparatus.  An  apparatus  for  manufacturing 
ice  by  means  of  the  evaporation  of  ether. 

Carriage  [kar'-dj).  Nee  Ward-carriage,  Ambulance, 
Cacolet. 

Carrick  Bend  (kar'-ik-bend).  A  form  of  knot  for  fasten- 
ing together  two  ligatures.  The  merit  of  the  knot 
consists  in  the  free  end  being  held  firmly  between  the 
two  long  portions. 

Carron  Oil  [karf-on  oil).     See  Linum  and  Calcium. 

Car-sickness  [karf -sik-nes).  The  well-known  symp- 
toms of  sea-sickness  produced  by  journeying  in  railway 
cars. 

Carswell's  Grapes.  Pulmonary  tubercle-  when  they 
occur  by  racemose  distribution  at  the  extremities  of 
several  adjacent  bronchioles.      See  Diseases,  'Table  of. 

Carter's  Operation.  See  Operations,  'Table  of.  C. 
Test.      See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Carthamin  [karth' -am-in)  [Ar. .  qartama,  paint],  Cu- 
H](i07.  The  coloring-matter  in  safflower,  the  blos- 
soms of  Carthamus  tinctorium.  It  is  precipitated 
from  its  soda  solution  by  acetic  acid  as  a  dark-red 
powder,  which,  on  drying,  acquires  a  metallic  luster. 
It  dissolves  with  a  beautiful  red  color  in  alcohol  and 
the  alkalies.  It  is  used  for  surface-coloring  or  dyeing. 
See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Carthamus  (karth' '-am-us)  [Ar. ,  qartama,  paint]. 
American  or  bastard  saffron  or  safflower.  The  flowers 
of  C.  tinctorius.  An  infusion,  "  Saffron  tea,"  is  a 
popular  domestic  remedy  as  a  diuretic  in  measles  and 
other  exanthematous  affections.      Unof. 

Cartilage  (kar'-til-aj)  \cartilago,  gristle].  Gristle; 
a  white,  semi-opaque,  non-vascular  tissue  composed 
of  a  matrix  containing  nucleated  cells.  When  boiled, 
cartilage  yields  a  substance  called  Chondrin,  </.  v.  C, 
Articular,  that  lining  the  articular  surfaces  of  bones. 
C,  Bone-,  bone  that  takes  its  origin  from  cartilage, 
and  not  from  a  membrane.  C,  Costal,  that  occupy- 
ing the  interval  between  the  true  ribs  and  the  sternum 
or  adjacent  cartilage-..  C,  Ensiform,  the  third  piece 
of  the  sternum.  It  i-  also  called  the  xiphoid  appendix. 
C,  Epactal,  -mall  cartilaginous  nodule-  on  the  upper 
edge  of  the  alar  cartilages  of  the  nose.  C,  Hyaline, 
distinguished  by  a  granular  or  homogeneous  matrix. 
C,  Fibro-,  distinguished  by  a  fibrous  matrix.  Carti- 
lages of  Larynx,  the  cartilages  of  the  larynx  take 
part  in  producing  the  various  modulations  of  the  pitch 
and  intensity  of  the  voice.  They  are  the  thyroid, 
cricoid,  epiglottis,  and  a  pair  each  of  arytenoid,  corni- 
c/tla    laryngis,  and    cuneiform,   </.  v.      C.  of  Meckel. 


I  Ai;  1  ILAGIN 


- 


<  ASCARA 


C,  Mucronate.  the  ensiform  cartil 
C,  Nasal,  the  mework  of  the  n 

two   upper   and 
low  um. 

C,    Reticular.  mnd     in    the 

am  ichian  tu 

.\  elastic 

in  all  dii  C.  of 

Santorini.  .1   nodul  ;i    arytenoid 

C.  of  Weitbrecht, 

ists    in    the 

n.     C.  of  Wrisberg,  the 

h  side  oi  the  fold  ol 

<■  to 

C  .  Yellow. 

Cartilagin  artilage].       \ 

if  hyaline  cartilage.     Boiling 
hondrin. 
Cartilaginiftcation 

.   t>.  make].      A   change  into 

Cartilaginiform  |   [cartilago,   car- 

nn].      Resembling  cartilage. 
Cartilaginous  igo,  cartilage; 

■  Tin].     Resembling  cartilage. 
Cartilaginous  ilago,  cartilage]. 

M.  itilage. 

Cartilago       rr-t  irtilaginis'].     Car- 

tilage     C.  triticea,  a  small,  oblong,  fibro-cartilaginous 
in. i-  found  in   the  cla>tic  ligament,  the  thyro- 

H-  superior  cornu  of  the  thyroid 
with  the-  greater  cornu  of  the  hyoid  bone. 
Carum   {ka'-runi)  [xdpov,   caraway].      Caraway.     The 
ui,  indigenous  to  Europe  and  an  allied 
icific  coast  of   America.      Its 
r  and  t.i  ne  to  a  volatile  oil.      It  is  valuable 

in  infantile  colic,  but  is  used  chiefly  as  a  flavor.  C, 
Aqua  B  P.  Dose  jfj-ij-  C.,  Infusum,  unof, 
-  z,       ij.    C.  Oleum.    Dose  mj-v. 

Caruncle      r» '-.-  mcula,  dim.  ofcaro,  flesh]. 

A  -mi'!,  abnormal  fl  -.  th.      In  biology,  applied 

.  protuberances,  or  excrescences  on 
ani  -    the  comb  of  a  bird,  the   fleshy 

ilia  at  tri  canthus  of  the  eye,  the  growths 

small  masses  about  the  hilum 
C,  Lachrymal,  one  upon   the   con- 
canthus.      C,  Urethral,  a 
I  i  isterior  li 
irinarius  ;  a  frequent  condition  in  women. 
m  size  from  a  hempseed  to  a  til- 
painful,  especially  during  micturition 
I  bleeds  r<  adily. 
Caruncu'.  .  [dim.  of  caro,  flesh :   />/., 

C.    mammillaris,    the 
n  eminence  ofgraymatter  betw 

Carunculae  [catuncula,   a   caruncle]. 

C.  myrtiformes,  the    pr  of 

-   thought 
hymen  after    its   ru] 
found  in  the  imperforated  hymen. 
Caruncular 

Car;.  thargic  sleep. 

C.  cataleptica  C.   ecstasis,  trance,   or 

C.  lethargu 
Carus,  Curve  or  Circle  of. 
Carvacn 

liquid  1  :rrinij   in  the 

oil  [t  is  d  on 

id.      It    i-  a 

till  ,tO° 


and  boils  at  2\<<°.    It  has  aver)  disagreeable  odor  and 

stron-  taste.     It  has  been  used  :  toothache. 

Carvene  (karv'-tri)  [It.,  carvi,  caraway],  Cj-H,,,.  A 
hydrocarbon  contained  in  caraway.  It  is  a  li,L;lit  ter- 
pene .     See  also  ( 'itrene. 

Carvol  {karv'-ol)  [It.,  carvi,  caraway;  oleum,  oil], 
CJ0H.4O.  An  aromatic  alcohol  isomeric  with  car- 
vacrol,  and  obtained  from  oil  of  cumin.  It  is  an  oil 
with  a  pleasant  odor,  boiling  at  2250  I 

Caryoblast  (/-./;'-<--<'-M/.v/ )  [/cdpvof ,  a  nucleus;  (}h  - 
a  germ].     Any  nucleated  plastidule. 

Caryocinesis  [kar-e-o-sin-e' 'sis)  [icdpvov,  a  nut  (nu- 
cleus) ;  t.;r/,nir,  movement].     See  Karyokinesis. 

Caryocinetic  [kar-e-o-sin-ef  ik\.     See  Karyokinetic. 

Caryolysis  (kar-e-ol'-is-is\  \jxapvov,  nucleus;  >/.-/r,  to 
loose].     The  process  of  the  dissolution  of  cell-nuclei. 

Caryolytic     {kar-e-o-HP '-ik)    [mpvov,    nucleus;     / 
dissolution].      Pertaining  to  Caryolysis. 

Caryomitosis    {kar-e-o-mit-o'-sis).     See    Karyomitosis. 

Caryophyllin  (kar-e-o-fil' '-in)  [nopvov,  a  nut;  (piv'/uf, 
a  leaf]  <  ',,,1 I,,.0  or  <  ,1  I  .'  >  .  Die  neutral  crystalline 
principle  of  cloves.  It  occurs  in  tasteless  and  odor- 
less silky  acicular  crystals,  soluble  in  warm  alcohol  and 
ether.    See  Caryophyllus. 

Caryophyllus  {kar-e-o-fil' '-us)  [xapvov,  a  nut;  oi'/'/<<\\ 
a  leaf].  Clove.  The  unexpanded  flowers  of  Eugenia 
caryophyllata,  distinguished  by  their  pungent,  spicy 
taste.  Its  properties  are  due  to  a  volatile  oil,  whii  h  is 
antiseptic,  stimulant,  and  irritant.  It  also  contains  a 
crystalline  body,  Eugenin,  C',,,11,,*  >.,,  and  a  camphor, 
Caryophyllin,  C]0II16O.  It  is  usi  ful  as  a  stomachic, 
and  to  prevent  griping  when  combined  with  purgatives. 
C,  Infusum  (B.  P.).  A  strength  of  1  to  40  recom- 
mended. Dose  ^j-ij-  C,  Ol.,  contains  an  acid  and 
a  phenol  compound.  Dose  rr\j-iv.  It  is  used  also 
by  microscopists  to  clarify  preparations  and  tissues  for 
mounting. 

Caryoplasm  {kar* '  -e-o-plazm)  [ic&pvov,  a  nucleus  ; 
-'/1  linn,  that  which  is  formed].  The  plasm  of  a  cell- 
nucleus  ;   nuclear  plasm. 

Caryopsis  [kar-e-op1 '-sis)  [/cdpvov,  a  nut;  bif/tg,  appear- 
ance]. In  biology,  an  indehiscent  dry  fruit,  like  that 
of  the  wheat,  in  which  the  single  seed  is  enveloped  in 
the  closely-adhering  pericarp. 

Casali  Green.  See  Conspectus  of  Pigments,  under  Pig- 
ment. 

Casali's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Casamajor's  Test.     See  Tests,  Tulle  of. 

Casaubon's  Apparatus.  ( Ine  for  charging  water  with 
i«»    by  the  intermittent  method. 

Casca  Bark  [kasf-kah  lurk).  Sassy  Park  ;  <  >rdeal  Park. 
The  bark  of  Erythrophlceum guinensi,  a  treenative  to 
Africa,  with  properties  due  to  an  alkaloid.  It  pro 
duces  nausea  and  vomiting.  It  is  valuable  in  inter- 
mittent fever-,  and  is  a  mole  powerful  heart  tonic  than 
digitalis.  C,  Tinct.,  25  per  cent,  in  strength.  I 
n\x.  Unof.  C,  Ext.  Aq.  Dose  gr.  j.  C,  Ext. 
Fid.  Dose  TTTv-xv.  Erythrophlein,  the  active  alka- 
loid, unof.,  is  locally  an  anesthetic. 

Cascadoe  [kas-kad-o* -e) .     See  Tinea  imbricata. 

Cascara  \kasf -kar-ah)  [Sp.,  "bark"].  The  bark.  C. 
amarga,  Honduras  Park.  The  bark  of  a  tree  native 
to  Mexico,  much  used  as  an  alterative  tonic  in  syphilis 
and  ski-  ros.     C.  Cordial,  a  trade  preparation. 

Dose  mjev-^ij.  C,  Fid.  Ext.  Dose  3  j;  of  the 
powdered  extract  gr.  v— x.  Unof.  C.  sagrada,  Chit- 
tern  Park,  Sacred  Park.  The  bark  of  Rhamnus 
purshiana,  or  California  Buckthorn.  Its  prop. 
are  due  to  a  volatile  oil.  It  is  useful  in  the  treatment 
of  chronic  constipation.  All  unof.  Case,  sagrad., 
Ext.  (P.  P.),  Dose  gi  ij  viij.  Case,  sagrad.,  Ext. 
Liquidum  1  B.  P.  ,.      1  >ose  tTi^v—  3  j. 


CASCAKII.I.A 


269 


'  .\-|.\l:«)LIC 


Cascarilla  (kas-kar-il'-ah)  [Sp.,  dim.  of  casca,  bark]. 
The  bark  of  Croton  eluteria,  native  to  the  Bahama 
Islands,  an  aromatic  bitter,  increasing  the  natural  se- 
cretion- .. I  the  digestive  organs.  C,  Infus.  (B.  P.). 
Dose  3J-ij.     C,  Tinctura  i  I'.    P  |.      Dose  3ss-ij. 

Cascarillin   [kas-kar-iV -in)    [cascarilla,   dim.  oi 

bark],  C8H902.       Hie    active    principle    of    cascarilla 
bark;  a  white,  crystalline,   bitter   substance,  scai 
soluble  in  water. 

Case  (ids)  [cadere,  to  happen].  A  single  instance  or 
example  of  a  disease.  A  covering,  or  box-like  struc- 
ture. C,  Brain-,  the  calvaria.  C,  Muscle-. 
Mus  /  .  C. -taking,  the  collection  of  memoranda  and 
notes  of  an  individual  case  for  service  in  diagnosis  or 
prognosis,  or  for  use  in  a  medico-legal  inquiry.  C, 
Trial-,  in  ophthalmology,  a  case  containing  various 
lenses  for  refracting  the  eye,  etc. 

Caseation  (ka-ze-a'-shun)  [caseum,  cheese].  The  pre- 
cipitation of  casein  during  the  coagulation  of  milk. 
Also  a  fatty  degeneration  of  pus,  tubercle,  etc.,  in 
which  the  structure  i-  converted  into  a  soft,  cheese- 
like substani 

Casein  [ka'-ze-iti)  [  urn,  cheese].  A  derived  albu- 
min, the  chief  proteid  of  milk,  precipitated  by  acids 
and  by  rennet  at  400  (  ',.  It  is  closely  allied  to  alkali- 
albumin,  but  contains  more  nitrogen  and  a  large 
amount  of  phosphorus.  It  constitutes  most  of  the 
curd  of  milk.  Two  varieties  of  C,  Vegetable,  have 
been  described, — Legumin,  in  peas,  beans,  etc.,  and 
Conglutin,  in  hop-  and  almonds.  C.  Saccharid,  a 
compound  of  dry  casein  one  part,  cane-sugar  nine 
parts,  and  sodium  bicarbonate  enough  to  render  it 
slightly  alkaline.  It  is  useful  in  preparing  emul- 
sions, whether  of  oils,  balsams,  terpenes,  resins,  or 
gum  resins. 

Caseinogen  (/•</-:  -in'-o-jen)  [caseum,  cheese;  yewav, 
to  produce].  A  peculiar  substance  occurring  in  milk, 
neither  an  alkali-albumin  nor  a  globulin,  but  occupy- 
ing a  distinct  position  among  proteids.  When  acted 
upon  by  a  digestive  ferment  it  produces  casein,  or  the 
curd  of  milk.  Caseinogen  is  a  proteid  analogous  to 
fibrinogen,  myosinogen,  etc. 

Caseose  (kal-ze-os)  [caseum,  cheese].  A  product  of 
the  gastric  digestion  of  casein. 

Caseous  (ka'-ze-us)  [caseum,  cheese].  Having  the  na- 
ture or  consistence  of  cheese. 

Cashew  [kash-oo').  The  cashew- nut,  the  product  of 
Anacardium  occidentale.      See  Acajou. 

Cashoo  (kash-oof).     Same  as  Catechu. 

Cassava  (kas-af-vah)  [Sp.,  casabe].  The  fecula  of 
manioc,  yd'"/''/'?  manihot,  separated  from  the  juice. 
Unof.      See  Tapioca. 

Cassel  Brown.  Same  as  Vandyke  Brown.  C.Green. 
Same  as  Manganese  Green.  C.  Yellow.  See  Con- 
spectus of  Pigments,  under  Pigment. 

Cassel's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Casselmann's  Green.  See  Conspectus  of  Pigments, 
under  Pigment. 

Cassena  (kas-e'-nah)  [L.].  The  Ilex  cassine.  the youpon- 
tree  of  the  Southern  U.  S.  Its  leaves  are  expectorant, 
cathartic,  emetic,  and  stimulant.     Unof. 

Casser,  Ganglion  of.  See  Ganglia,  Table  of.  C, 
Nerve  of.     See  Nerves,   Table  of. 

Casserian  Ganglion.     See  Ganglia,  Table  of. 

Cassia  (cash'-e-ak)  [naaia,  a  perfume],  1.  A  genus  of 
leguminous  plants,  several  species  of  which  afford 
Senna,  q.  v.  2.  An  old  name,  still  used  commer- 
cially, for  the  coarser  varieties  of  cinnamon.  See  Cin- 
namon.  C.  Bark,  Cassia  lignea.  See  Cinnamon. 
C.  Buds,  the  immature  fruit  of  Chinese  cinnamon  ; 
used  chiefly  as  a  spice.  C.  marilandica,  of  N. 
America,  produces  the  leaves  called  American  senna, 


which  are  less  active  as  a  cathartic  than  the  true  senna. 
C.  Oil,  a  variety  of  oil  oi  cinnamon,  used  in  pharm 
and  iii  perfumery.      C,  Purging,  is  the  fruit  - 
C.  fistula,  growing  in  tropical    regions.      The    pulp, 
C.Pulpa  (  B.  P. ',  in  3J-ij  doses  1-  a  mild  laxath 

Cassideus  (kas-id'-e-us)  [ca  lis, a  helmet],      Inbiol 
helmet  shaped. 

Cassimuniar,  or    Cassumunar    (kas-im-u'-n 

kas-um-u'  -nar).  The  plant  Zingiber  cassumunar 
and  its  aromatic  rhizome,  formerly  used  like  true 
ginger;   now  scarcely  known  in  C<  mil  in  phar- 

macy.     It  i-  tonic  and  stimulant.      I 

Cassius's  Purple.  of. 

Casscmade  (/■■/. -<<//-"</')  [Fr.].  A  name  formerly  applied 
in  the  French  colonies  to  Mu 

Cast  [kast)  [M  E.,  ca  ten,  to  throw].  1.  A  tna-- of  fibrous 
or  plastic  materia]  that  has  taken  the  form  of  some 
cavity  in  which  it  ha-  been  moulded.  from  their 
souro  .  -•-in. iv  be  classified  as  bronchial,  intestinal, 
nasal,  esophageal,  renal,  tracheal,  urethral,  vaginal, 
etc.  Of  these,  the  renal  casts  are  the  most  important, 
by  reason  of  their  -igniticance  in  diseases  of  the  kidney. 
Classed  according  to  their  constitution,  casts  are  epi- 
thelial, fatty,  fibrinous,  granular,  hyaline,  mucous, 
sanguineous,  waxy,  etc.  See  Tube-casts.  2.  To 
throw  off;    applied  to  labor  in  cattle.     3.   Strabismus. 

Castanea  (kas-ta/-ne-ah)  [L.].   Chestnut.     The  1- 
of  C.  vesca.     They    contain    tannic   and  gallic    acids 
and  other  principles  whose  value  is  not  known.    They 
are    used    in    infusion    or  decoction   as  a  remedy  for 
whooping-cough.      C,  Fid.  Ext.     Dose  Tt^  v-lx. 

Castillon's  Powders.  Powders  containing  sago,  salep, 
tragacanth,  of  each  8  parts,  prepared  oyster-shells,  2, 
cochineal,  I.  They  are  used  in  treating  diarrhea  and 
dysentery. 

Casting  [kas^-ing)  [ME. ,  casten,  to  throw].  In  den- 
tal mechanism,  running  fused  lead,  tin,  zinc,  or  1 
into  a  mould  made  in  sand,  with  a  plaster  transfer  of 
any  portion  or  the  whole  of  the  alveolar  border  and  so 
many  of  the  teeth  as  may  be  remaining  in  it,  and  the 
palatine  arch  when  it  becomes  necessary  to  adapt  a 
plate  to  it. 

Castor  (kas'-tor).  See  Castoreum.  C.  Bean  and  C. 
Oil.     See  Ricini. 

Castoreum  (kas-tof -re-um)  \_Kacrup,  the  beaver].  The 
dried  preputial  follicles  and  their  secretion,  obtained 
from  the  beaver,  Castor  fiber.  It  is  a  reddish-brown 
substance  with  a  strong  odor.  It  is  antispasmodic 
and  stimulant,  its  action  resembling  that  of  musk.  C, 
Tinct.     Dose  3  ss-j.     Unof. 

Castoria  (kas-to'-re-ah)  [k&otop,  the  beaver].  A  pro- 
prietary medicine  recommended  as  a  substitute  for  cas- 
tor oil. 

Castorin  (kas'-tor-in)  [marap,  the  beaver].  A  crystal- 
line substance  obtained  from  castor. 

Castration  [kas-tra'-shun)  [castrare,  to  cut].  Orchec- 
tomy; the  excision  of  one  or  both  testicles.  O,  Fe- 
male, removal  of  the  ovaries  ;  oophorectomy  ;  -paying. 

Casts  (l-asts).      See  Cast,  and  Tube- Casts. 

Casual  [kaz'-u-al]  [casus,  chance].  Fitted  or  set  apart 
for  the  treatment  of  accidental  injuries,  as  a  casual 
ward  in  a  hospital. 

Casualty  (kaz'-u-al-te)  [casus,  chance].  An  accidental 
injury  ;  a  wound,  or  loss  of  life,  accidentally  incurred  ; 
an  injury  in  a  battle. 

Catabasis  (kaf-ab'-as-is)  [nardSacrcg,  a  descent].  The 
decline  of  a  disease. 

Catabolergy,  or  Katabolergy  (kat-ab-o/'-er-fe)  [Kara, 
down;  Ati'/'/nr,  to  throw ;  epyov,  work].  Energy 
expended  in  katabolic  processes. 

Catabolic  ikat-ab-ol'-ik)  [Kara,  down;  Aa'/'/Fiv,  to 
throw].    (  >f  the  nature  of,  or  pertaining  to,  catabolism. 


CATAB01  l-M 


270 


CATAl'lInk  A 


Catabolism 

throw].     Destructive   metamorphosis;    dissimilation; 
phj  □  ;   movement  toward  a  cata 

ite. 

Catabythismomania 

.  madness].      Insane 
im: 
Catabythismus  .  sub- 

i-].l"  [j  suicidal  drowning. 

Catacathart.c  wn  ;     ra- 

n]       i     Purging.      2.   A  medicini 
'ii. 
icausis  .    down  ;    i 

bum].     Spontan 
Cataclasis  down  ;     n 

.  .  j       A  fracture. 
Catacleisis  ,  a  locking].   Clo- 

-    ism. 

Catacorolla  inst  ;   corolla, 

:i].     In  condary  corolla  either 

within  or  without  the  true  corolla. 

Catacrotic  .<i    [koto.,     down ;    ic/>droc,    a 

rrupting  the-  line  of  descent  in  a  sphyg- 

Catacrotism  f-iem)   [/arrd,down; 

|       An  interruption  or  oscillation  of  the   line 
igram;  the  quality  of  being  cat- 
g  marked  by  oscillation  in  the  sphyg- 
mi  .  ine  i  ■!  descent. 

Catadicrotism.  or  Katadicrotism  {kat-ad-ik' -rol-izm) 
[«rr  -    .  double  beating].     The  occur- 

rence of  a  divided   or    double   pulsation   in   the  down- 
:  the  sphygmograph. 
Catadidymous   {kat-ad-id' -im-us)   \jiara,  down;    i 

.twin].      Joined  into   one,  as   a   twin  monstrosity, 
but  with  a  downward  cleavage,  so  that  the  upper  parts 
double. 
Catadidymus  {kat-ad-id'-im-us)   \_Knrn,  down;   Sidi 

twin].      A  catadidymous  monstrosity. 
Catadromou-  I'-ro-mus)  [/card,  down  ;  dpduetv, 

running   down].      In    biology,  applied  to  such   fishes 
spawn  in  tin-  sea,  e.g.,  the  eel. 
Catagenesis    [kat-aj-en' -es-is)    [kcitA,   down; 

don].      In  biology,  the   process  of  creation   by 
is  of  energy,  or  by  the  special- 

Catagma  {kat-ag* -mah  i  [  ,  a  fracture  ://. .  i  a 

■].      A  fracture. 
Catagmatic  mat'-ik)  \_snrtr,iin.  a  fracture].      i. 

serviceable  in  case-  of  fracture.     2.    A 
■    union  of  broken  parts. 
Catagoglossum  {kat-ag-o-glos* '-um)  [  to  draw 

mgue].      A  tongue-deprc 
Catalepsia  C.  arti- 

ficialis,  an  jrpnotic    catalepsy.   '   C.  acces- 

soria,  ted    with  some    other  leading 

C.  cerea,  w.  ata- 

imbs  if  place, 1  in  any  given   pi 
■  if  they  wen-  made  of  wax.     C. 
epidemica.  ,r   imitative    variety.     C. 

spuria. 
Catalepsy  .     '/nu^'iviiv,  to 

A  peculiar  i  I  by  loss  of 

wi:  r  rigidit;  ased  \  ondition 

in  thosi 
I  usually  -  of 

with  hys 
ici&i  b  ,  wjln  tet:i. 

the  forms  a  pari 

nXl  C,  Local,  that 

ip    of   muscles.      C, 
Plastic. 


Cataleptic  (kat-al-epf-tik\  [Kara,  down;  /mtvirnv,  to 
seize].  Relating  to,  aliened  with,  or  of  the  nature  of, 
catalepsy. 

Cataleptiform    {kat-al-ep* -tif-orm)    [/card,  down;    '/<m. 
io   seize  ;    forma,  form].       Resembling   cnta- 
lepsj . 

Catalpa  {kut-al'-pali)  [native  Am.  Indian].  A  genus  of 
American  and  Asiatic  bignoniaceous  trees.  A.  big- 
noniodes  and  A.  speciosa,  ol  North  America,  have 
astringent,  anthelmintic,  ami  tonic  qualities  ;  the  leaves 
ami  pods  are  reputed  anodyne,  emollient,  and  antasth- 
matic.      I  nof. 

Catalysis  [kat-al' -is-is)  [koto! ir/v,  to  dissolve].  In 
chemistry,  a  reaction  that  a]. pears  to  take  place  owing 
to  the  mere  presence  of  another  body  that  apparently 
undergoes  no  change. 

Catalytic  \kat-al-it' -ik |  [/cara?,v«v, to  dissolve],  i.  Of 
the  nature  of,  or  characterized  by.  catalysis.  2.  Any 
medicine  that  is  supposed  to  break  down,  destroy,  or 
counteract  morbid  agencies  existing  within  the 
economy.      See  .  llteratii 

Catamenia  (kat-am-e'-ne-afi)  [/."-</,  concerning,  accord- 
ing   to;    flip),  month].      The    recurrent    monthly   dis 
charge   of   blood  during  sexual    life   from  the  genital 
canal  of  the  female. 

Catamenial  {kat-am-e> '-ne-al)  [/card,  concerning;  ///,;•,  a 
month].    Pertaining  to  the  catamenia. 

Catantochasmus  [kat-an-to-kazf  -mus\  [/cdravra,  down- 
ward ;  \aa(UL,  an  expanse].  In  craniometry,  l.issauer's 
term  for  a  skull  in  which  the  angle  between  the  radius 
fixus  and  a  line  joining  the  anterior  point  of  tin-  fora- 
men magnum  and  the  posterior  nasal  spine  is  less  than 

i3°- 

Catantopylus  [kat-an-topf -il-us)  [ndravra,  downward  ; 
-r'//,,  an  opening].  In  craniometry,  Lissauer's  term 
for  a  skull  in  which  the  angle  between  the  radius  fixus 
and  the  line  joining  the  anterior  and  posterior  points  of 
the  foramen  magnum  is  between  one  and  eight 
degrees. 

Catantorrhinus  (kat-an-for-i'-iius)  [KaravTa,  down- 
ward; jMf,  the  nose].  In  craniometry,  Lissauer's 
term  for  a  skull  in  which  the  angle  between  the  radius 
fixus  and  the  line  joining  the  wing  of  the  vomer  and 
the  anterior  nasal  spine  is  between  i°  and  I ' ». 50. 
Catantostomus  (kat-an-tos'-to-nms)  [/cdravra,  down- 
ward; ar6fia,  the  mouth].  In  craniometry,  Lissauer's 
term  for  a  skull  in  which  the  angle  between  the  radius 
lixus  and  a  line  joining  the  premaxillary  point  and  the 
wing  of  the  vomer  is  between  90  and  25.5°. 

Catanturaniscus  {kat-an-tur-an-is> '-ktts)  \kAto 
downwind  ;  ovpaviOKog,  the  roof  of  the  mouth].  In 
craniometry,  Lissauer's  term  for  a  skull  in  which  the 
angle  between  the  radius  hxus  and  the  line  joining  the 
posterior  rim  of  the  incisor  foramen  and  the  pic- 
maxillary  point  is  between  1°  and  200. 

Catanturanus  (kat-an-t&r/-an  us)  [/cdravra,  downward; 
ovpavdc, the  palate].  In  craniometry,  Lissauer's  term 
for  a  skull  in  which  the  angle  bl  I  wren  the  radius  fixus 
and  the  line  joining  the  premaxillary  point  and  the 
nasal  spine  is  between  i°  and  170. 

Catapasm  [kaf '-ap-azm)  [icaT&iraafia,  powder].  A  dry 
powder  to  be  sprinkled  upon  the  skin  or  upon  a  sore. 

Catapetalous  {kat-ap-et' -al-ns)  [/card, against ;  irfrakov, 
aleaf].  In  biology, applied  to  polypetalous  flowers  in 
which  the  bases  of  the  petals  are  adherent  to  the  bases 
of  the  si 

Cataphasia    \kal-af-a'-?.e-aJi)    [/cardiac*?,    assent],      A 
condition    of    imperfect    consciousness,  in    which    the 
patient  repeatedly  utters  the  same  word  or  words  sj 
taneously,  or  in  reply  to  a  question. 

Cataphora  [kat-af  '-o-rah)  [/caro^ i,  a  fall].    Lethargy  ; 

imperfect  or  restless  coma,  with  intervals  of  coma-vigil. 


I  A  I  APHORESIS 


271 


i   .VI  K<   111 


Cataphoresis  [kat-af-or-e* -sis)  [icaTcup  i  ,  to  bring 
down].  The  introduction  of  drugs  into  the  system 
through  the  skin,  by  means  of  ointments  or  solutions 

applied  by  the  electrode  of  a  buttery. 

Cataphoric    {kat-af-or1 '-ik)     \_khth,    down  .  ,    to 

carry].     Passing,    or   causing    a    passage,    from     the 
anode  to  the  kathode,  through  a  diaphragm  or  septum. 

Cataphract  {katf -af-rakt)  [/tara^pdmTyc,  a  coat  oi 
mail].  In  biology,  the  protective  armor-plates  or 
scale-  of  some  animals. 

Cataphracted  {katf-af  -rak-ted  )    [xoro  .mailed]. 

In    biology,    protected    by    an  armor    of    thick    -kin, 
heavy  plates  or  scales. 

Cataphyllum  {kat-af-W '-um)  [/card,  down;  oi'/'/m,  a 
leaf].  In  biology,  a  rudimentary  scale-like  leaf,  a-  a 
cotyledon  or  bud-scale. 

Cataplasis  {kat-ap' '-las-is)  [nard,  down  ;  ■xkaoiiQ,  forma- 
tion].     The  stage  of  decline  in  the  individual  life. 

Cataplasm  {katf -ap-lazm)  [Kara-'/anua,  a  poultice]. 
See  Poultice.     C,  Emollient.     See  Species  emollientes. 

Cataplasma  {kat-ap-laz'-mah)  [!<.]•  A  cataplasm. 
C.  fermenti  (B. P.),  beer  yea-t,  wheaten  Hour,  water 
at  ioo0  F.  A  stimulant  and  antiseptic  for  indolent 
ulcers. 

Cataplectic  {kat-ap-lek' '-tik)  \_Kard-'/tjEic,  a  striking 
down].      Fulminant ;  sudden  and  overwhelming. 

Cataplexis  {kat-ap-leks' -is)  [Kara-//,;/!-,  a  striking 
down].  I.  A  sudden  and  overwhelming  shock  or  attack 
of  disease  ;  prostration  by  the  on.-et  of  disease,  or  by 
shock.      2.    Hypnotic  sleep. 

Cataptosis  [kat-ap-tt/ -sis)  [/card,  down;  -ruoig,  a  fall- 
ing].     Apoplexy ;  epilepsy;  paralysis;  ptosis. 

Cataract  {kaf '-ar-akt)  [/carapd/cr^c,  a  falling  down  or 
over,  as  of  something  over  the  vision].  Diminished 
transparency  or  an  opacity  of  the  crystalline  lens,  or  of 
its  capsule.  C,  Artificial  Maturation  of,  Forster ' s 
Method  consists  in  friction  of  the  cornea  against  the 
lens  by  pressure  upon  the  cornea.  Beltmann's 
Method  consists  in  "  direct  trituration  ' '  of  the  lens 
with  a  spatula  introduced  into  the  anterior  chamber. 
Both  methods  are  preceded  by  an  iridectomy.  C, 
Black,  the  lens  is  pigmented,  and  of  a  dark-brown 
color.  C,  Capsular,  consists  in  non-transparent  de- 
posits on  the  inner  surface  of  the  capsule.  C,  Cor- 
tical, opacification  of  the  outer  layers  of  the  lens.  C, 
Diabetic,  is  associated  with  diabetes.  C,  Discis- 
sion of,  an  operation  preliminary  to  absorption,  or  ex- 
traction by  suction,  consisting  in  rupturing  the  capsule, 
so  that  the  aqueous  humor  gains  access  to  the  lens. 
C,  Extraction  of,  removal  of  the  cataractous  lens  by 
surgical  operation.  See  Extraction  of  C.  C,  Fluid, 
C. ,  Lacteal,  the  breaking  up  of  an  opaque  lens  into  a 
milky  fluid.  C,  Green,  a  name  given  to  a  grayish- 
green  reflex  seen  in  glaucoma  ;  it  is  also  seen  when  the 
pupil  is  dilated  and  at  the  same  time  the  media  are  not 
completely  transparent.  C,  Immature,  or  Unripe, 
only  a  part  of  the  lens-substance  is  cataractous.  C, 
Lacteal.  See  C. ,  Fluid.  C,  Lamellar,  or  Zonular; 
certain  layers  between  the  cortex  and  nucleus  are 
opaque,  the  remaining  layers  being  transparent.  C, 
Mature,  or  C,  Ripe,  the  whole  lens-substance  is 
cataractous.  C,  Morgagnian,  when  a  hypermature 
or  overripe  C.  shrinks  and  leaves  a  nucleus  floating  in 
the  dissolved  outer  layer-.  C,  Naphthalinic.  an 
opacity  of  the  lens  of  a  rabbit  following  the  administra- 
tion of  naphthalin.  C,  Polar  (anterior  or  posteriori, 
the  opacity  is  confined  to  one  pole  of  the  lens.  C- 
pricker.  See  Cataract-pricking.  C. -pricking,  a 
name  given  to  the  old  method  of  artificial  luxation  of 
the  lens  in  cases  of  cataract.  A  needle  was  passed  into 
the  sclera  on  the  outer  margin  of  the  cornea  and  into  the 
lens, which  was  then  depressed  into  the  vitreous.  Those 


who  performed  this  operation  were  called  cataract- 
prickers.  C,  Pyramidal,  the  opacity  is  at  the  an- 
terior pole  and  is  conoid,  the  apex  extending  forward. 
C,  Recurrent  Capsular,  or  Secondary,  capsular 
cataract,  appearing  after  the  extraction  of  the  I 
C,  Senile,  the  i  of   old  p  the  most  fre 

quentform,  and  that  understood  when  not  specified  as 
,  ;/    ttital,  iic  i  nile,  traumatic,  soft,  etc.      C,  Soft,  1- 
especially  thai  of  tin-  young  ;   the  lens  matter  is  of  soft 
consistency  and  milky  appearance. 

Cataracta  {kat-ar-ak'-lah).  See  Cataract.  C.  secun- 
daria.    See  After-cataract. 

Cataractous  {kat-ar-ah'  tit  |  [/carapdOT7?c,a  falling  down 
or  over].      Of  the  nature  of  or  affected  with  cataract. 

Catarrh  \kat-arf)  [kot  .  to  flow  down].      Inflam- 

mation of  a  mucous  membrane,  especially  of  the 
respiratory  tract,  but  also  applied  to  the  bladder,  etc. 
Ii-  main  symptoms  are  redness  and  swelling  of 
the  affected  membrane  with  a  more  or  less  profuse 
mucous  discharge.  C,  Epidemic.  See  Influenza. 
C,  Gastric,  gastritis,  acute  or  chronic.  C,  Intes- 
tinal, enteritis,  acute  or  chronic.  C,  Nasal,  corv/a, 
,/.  r.  See  also  Rhinitis.  C,  Pulmonary,  bronchitis, 
acute  or  chronic.  C,  Suffocative.  synonym  of 
Capillary  Bronchitis,  q.  t.  See  also  Suffocative 
Catarrh.  C,  Uterine,  endometritis.  C,  Venereal. 
Synonym  of  Gonorrhea.      C,  Vesical,  cystitis. 

Catarrhal  (hat-ar'-al)  \jcarappEeiv,  to  flow  down].  <  if 
the  nature  of,  affected  with,  or  relating  to  catarrh.  C. 
Fever.      Synonym  of  Influenza. 

Catarrhus  {kat-ar'-us).  See  Catarrh.  C.  genitalium. 
Synonym  of  Leucorrhea. 

Cataschasm  {kaf '-as-kazm)  [nard,  down;  oxdofioc,  a 
cutting].      Deep  or  thorough  scarification. 

Catastaltic   {kat-as-tatf -tik)   [KaraoTeXXeiv,  to  check,  to 
send    downward].      I.   Astringent.      2.    Passing    I 
above  downward  (as  a  nerve  impulse). 

Catastasis  (hat-as'-tas-is)  [KaTaaraois,  a  settling].    Con- 
dition, state,   habit;   a  decline,  or  quieting  of  symp 
torn-  ;  restitution,  as  of  a  displaced  part. 

Catastate  {kaf '-as-tat)  [/iardor«7o<; ,  settling  down]. 
Any  one  of  a  series  of  successive  catabolic  states,  sub- 
stances, or  conditions,  each  one  of  which  is  less  com- 
plex, more  stable,  and  exhibits  less  functional  activity 
than  its  predecessor. 

Catastatic  {kat-as-tatf -ik)  [/ca-dffraovc,  a  settling  down]. 
Relating  to  a  cata.-tasi-,  or  to  a  catastate. 

Catatonia,  or  Katatonia  (kat-af-o'-nc-ah)  [/cord,down; 
Tnvor,  tension].  A  form  of  mental  derangement  pro- 
gressing from  melancholia  succe-sively  through  mania 
and  stupidity  to  imbecility  and  tonic  convulsions. 

Catatoniac  {kal-at-of -ne-ak)  [Kara,  down;  rdvoc,  ten- 
sion].     <  me  who  is  the  subject  of  catatonia. 

Catatony  {kat-atf-O-ne).      See  Catatonia.. 

Catechin    {katf -e-chiri)    \catechu\,   C21H  5H/J. 

Catechinic  acid,  the  active  principle  of  catechu.  It 
crystallizes  in  shining  needle-  of  a  snow-white,  silky 
appearance. 

Catechol  (katf-e-ckol).      >■  atechin. 

Catechu  {katf-  ho  |  [E.  Ind.].  An  extract  prepared 
from  the  wood  of  Acacia  calecku,  a  native  of  the 
East  Indie-.  It  contains  50  per  cent,  of  tannic  acid, 
and  hence  is  a  powerful  astringent.  It  is  used  for  the 
diarrhea  of  children  and  as  a  gargle  and  mouth- wa-h. 
Dose  of  the  powdered  extract  gr.  j  ~  -  S  also 
Pigments,  Cons/  C,  Infusum  (B.  P.).     Dose 

~ j-iss.  C,  Pulv.  Comp.  1  I!.  P.).  <  ontains  catechu, 
kino,  and  rhatany.  Dose  gr.  xx-xl.  C,  Tinct. 
Composita.  contain-  catechu  10.  cassia  cinnamon  5, 
dilute  alcohol  q.  s.  Dose  n\x-3J.  C,  Trochisci. 
each  contains  one  grain  of  catechu  with  sugar,  traga- 
canth.  and  orange  flower  water. 


CA1 1  1  I  -    fROTON 


I    \  i«  >1  RETOUS 


Catelectrotonus  .    down  ; 

i 

athode. 

Catenulate  small  chain]. 

In  gement. 

Catgut  intestines  ol  .i  sheep  treated  to 

C,    CarbolizeJ.    catgut    rend 

id.     C, 
Chromicized,  :       C.  Mat, 

-  for  the  pur- 
\  ered  in 
tines.     C.  Plate,  an  appliance  for  uniting  the  intestinal 

1 1  is  made  of  a  s<  did 
ind  flat,  and  resembles  the 

Cath.i 

C.  edulis  ind   twigs    which 

the  a  and  coffee. 

Catharm.i  .  refuse:  pi.,  Cath- 

i      !  which  i  d  by  purgation  ;  ex- 

nent. 

Catharsis  purg<  ].      Purga- 

Cathartic  tik )     [  .     purging],      i. 

Purf  ■•  ine  used  to  produce  evacuations 

I  itive.     C.  Acid.    See  Senna. 
C.  Pill,  Compound.  /////. 

Cathelectrotonus 

Catheresis  or  Cathaeresis  {katli-.  |  ,  to 

cut  down].      I.    Prostration  or  weakness  induced  by 
j.    Caustic  action ;   it  often  designates  a 
aistic   action. 
Catheretic    [kath-er-et'-ik)   [  .  to  reduce].     I. 

weakening;  prostrating.      2.    Caustic.     3. 
A  1  >r  caustic  ag< 

Catheter  -     i,  a  tiling  put  down].      A 

tube-like  in-trument  for  evacuating  the  liquid  of  a  cav- 
usually  the  bladder.      C,  Bozeman's,  a  double- 
current  uterine  catheter.     C,  Eustachian,  an  instru- 


2 

3 


3 

o 

5 


4 

o 

6 


5  6  7  8 

9QOO 


10 


14 


15 


15 


17 


12 


18 


II 
13 


12 

14 


20 


16 


2? 


24 


17 


26 


18 


21 
19 


27 


20 


21 


22 


29 


23 


30 


32 


33 


35 


The  hi  tf.rs. 

The  upper  mi:  ,■  t|,,.  American  system  ;  the 

I  rem  h. 

ndingor  making 
C.  Fever,  disturbance, 

ving  tin  m  of  the 

C,  Gouley's,  a  solid  curved  steel 
■    I 

Ider. 

C,  Lui  eddown 

C,  Schrotter's,  instruments    -I   hard 


rubber  and  of  varying    caliber,  somewhat    triangular 
on  section,  used   for  tin-  dilatation  of  laryngeal   stric 
hires.     C,  Self-retaining,  oik-  that  will   hold   its,  If 
within  the  bladder  without  other  appliances  to  .t--ist  it. 

Catheterism,  «>r  Catheterization  [kath'-et-er-itm,  or 
kath-et  huu)    [icadeH/p,  a  thing    put    down]. 

I  In-  use  or  passing  of  a  cathi 

Catheterize  (ka  j  ,  a  thing  put  down]. 

I  0  operate  upon  with  a  catheter. 

Cathetometer  {kath-et-omf -et-et  <  |  of,  a  plumb-line ; 

■pov,  a  measure].  An  instrument  of  precision  used 
in  craniometry  for  determining  the  length,  breadth, 
height,  and  possible  al rmity  of  the  skull. 

Cathetometric  [kath-el-o-met '-rik)  [/cdtferoc,  a  plumb- 
line;  utrpov,  .1  measure].  Relating  to  tin  catheto 
meter. 

Cathetometry  [kath-et-om' -et-re)  [tcadeTog,  a  plumb-line; 
fiirpi  .  a  measure].  The  measurement  of  the  skull  by 
the  cathetometer. 

Cathodal  {katk' '-o-dal)  [Kara,  down;  itddg,  way]. 
Relating  to  a  cathode. 

Cathode  [kath'-od)  [/card,  down ;  wrfoc,  way].  The 
negative  electrode  or  pole  of  an  electric  circuit. 

Cathodic  (kath-od'-ik)  [/card,  down;  u66g,  way].  1. 
Relating  to  a  cathode.  2.  Proceeding  downward; 
efferent  or  centrifugal  (applied  to  a  nerve  current  01 
nerve-impulse  |. 

Catholicon  [kath-ol'-ik-on)  [koSo7uk6v,  universal],  A 
universal  remedy  ;   a  cure-all. 

Cation  {kat'-e-on)  [/card,  downward;  livat,  to  go].  An 
electro-positive  element;  one  that  accumulates  at  the 
cathode  in  electrolysis.     See  Ion. 

Catkin  [kat'-kin)  [Ger.,  Katzchen,  dim.  of  cat].  In 
biology,  the  indeterminate  deciduous,  scaly  spike  of 
unisexual  sessile  flowers,  forming  the  inflorescence  of 
many  trees,         ,  the  willow  and  birch.     Cf.  Anient. 

Catling,  or  Catlin    [kaf-ling,  or   kat'-lin).     A   1 
pointed,  two-edged  knife  for  amputating. 

Catnep,  or  Catnip  {katf-nep,  or  -////)  [corruption  of  cat- 
mint]. The  leaves  and  tops  of  the  herb  Nepeta 
cataria,  a  stimulant  and  tonic  ;  a  popular  remed]  t"i 
chlorosis,  hysteria,  etc.    Dose  of  fid.  e\t.   gj-ij.    Unof. 

Catocathartic  [kat-o-kath-ar'  -tik).     See  Catacatkartic. 

Catoche  [kat'-o-ke)  [•  tale]       |.    (  atochus. 

Catochus  {kat'-o-kus)  [/cdro^fof,  a  holding  down].  1. 
Catalepsy;  coma-vigil.      2.  Apparent  death;  trance. 

Catodont  [kaf 'rO-dont)  [naru,  down  ;  bdoi  .  tooth  |.  Pos 
se-,in^  teeth  only  in  the  lower  jaw. 

Catoptric  Test,  the  diagnosis  of  cataract  by  means  of 
the  reflection  of  images  from  the  cornea  and  lens 
capsules. 

Catoptrics  [kat-opr-triks)  [/fartwrrpi/ede,  in  a  mirror]. 
The  law- of  the  reflection  of  light. 

Catorhinus  [kat-o-rin' -us)  [/cdrw,  below  ;  pic,  the  nose]. 
In  craniometry,  Lissauer's  term  for  a  skull  in  which 
the  angle  between  the  radius  fixus  and  the  line  joining 
the  wing  of  the  nose  and  the  anterior  nasal  spine  i-, 
between  ib.50  and  330. 

CatOStomuS  |  lUS)    \        TU,    below  ;  crmia,   the 

mouth].     In  craniometry,  I  term  for  a  skull 

in  which  the  angle  between  the  radius  fixus  and  the 
line  joining  the  preinaxillary  point  and  the  wing  of 
tin     1  imi  1  en  25. 50  and  42. 5° 

Catoteric  (kat-o-ter'-ik)  [/carwrepwccJc,  a  carrying  down 
ward].      A  purgative  or  cathartic. 

Catotica  {kat-of '-ik-ak)  [KaTurepacdg,  a  carrying  down 
ward].     Medicines  oi  diseases  that  affect  the  internal 
surfaces  of  the  body. 

Catotretous    [kat-of '-ret-us)   [/card,  down;   rp^rnc,  per- 
forate].      In  biology,  having  the  oral  and   anal  aper 
cures    on     the   ventral     surface.     C,   Amaurosis,    a 
condition  noted  in  suppurative  choroiditis  in  which  the 


i  AH  IURANISCUS 


273 


<  AUS1  I'  II'. 


exudate  is  visible  at  a  distance  as  a  vivid   whitish  or 
yellowish    retlex     from    the    pupil.      C.    Pupil. 
Pupil. 

Catouraniscus  [kat-o-ur-an-is' '-kus)  [k6tu,  below; 
ovpaviOKoq,  the  rool  oi  the  mouth].  In  craniometry, 
[.isomer's  term  for  a  skull  in  which  the  angle  betvt 
the  radius  fixus  and  the  line  joining  tin-  o  nt<  i  "i  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  incisor  foramen  and  the  pre- 
maxillary  point  i--  between  -<>°  and  400. 

Catouranus   [kat-o-&r/ -an-us)   [nara,   below  ;    ovp< 
the  roof  of  the   mouth].      In  craniometry,    I.issauer's 
term  for  a  skull  in  which  the  angle  between  the  radiu- 
fixus  and  the  line  joining  the  preinaxillary  point  ami 
the  posterior  nasal  spine  i>  between  170  and  340. 

Cattarrhine  [kat'-ar-in)  [koto,  down;  pig,  the  nose]. 
In  biology,  of  or  pertaining  to  those  monkeys  and  apes 
that  have  approximated  nostrils,  directed  downward 
and  separated  by  a  narrow  septum. 

Cattimandu  [kat-im-an' -dod)  [E.  Ind.].  An  E. 
Indian  tree.  Euphorbia  cattimandoo  ;  also  its  medicinal 
gum.  It  is  used  as  a  cement  and  as  a  remedy  for 
rheumatism.    When  fresh  it  i>  an  active  vesicant.    Unot. 

Cattle- Plague  {kat'-l  plag).     See  Rinderpest. 

Caucasian  Idiocy  [kaw-kaz'-yan  id'-e-o-se).  See  Idiocy, 
Ethnic. 

Cauda  (kaw'-dah)  [L.  ].  A  tail-shaped  appendage. 
The  tail  like  part  of  the  caudatum.  C.  cerebelli,  the 
vermiform  process.  C.  epididymidis,  the  inferior 
part  of  the  epididymis.  C.  equina,  the  terminal 
extremity  of  the  spinal  cord,  in  conjunction  with  the 
roots  of  the  sacral  nerves.  C.  pancieatis,  the  slender 
left  extension  of  the  pancreas. 

Caudad  (kaw'-dad)  [cauda,  the  tail ;  ad,  to].  Toward 
the  tail  or  cauda ;  opposed  to  cephalad  ;  in  man,  down- 
ward. 

Caudal  (haw'-dal)  [cauda,  the  tail].  Pertaining  to  a 
cauda,  or  tail.  The  term  L'ral  has  been  proposed  to 
take  the  place  of  caudal. 

Caudalis  {haw-da' -lis)  [cauda,  a  tail].  In  biology, 
applied  as  the  specific  name  of  fins  or  other  organs 
near  the  tail. 

Caudate  (kaztZ-dai)  [cauda,  a  tail].  Having  or  re- 
sembling a  tail.  C.  Lobe  of  Liver,  a  small  elevation 
of  the  liver.  C.  Nucleus,  the  intraventricular  por- 
tion of  the  corpus  striatum.      See  also  Caudatum. 

Caudatum  [kaw-da1 '-turn)  [cauda,  a  tail].  A  ganglion 
or  free  ring  of  gray  matter  circling  round  the  lenticu- 
laris  of  the  brain.  It  is  massive  in  the  frontal  portion, 
but  becomes  attenuated  caudad ;  the  anterior  portion- 
is  called  the  head,  the  posterior  the  tail. 

Caudex  \haw'-deks)  [caudex,  a  tree-stem].  In  biology, 
applied  to  the  scaly,  unbranching  trunk  of  a  palm  tree 
or  tree  fern. 

Caudicle  [kaw' '-dik-l)  [caudex,  the  stem  of  a  tree].  In 
biology,  a  little  stalk,  as  that  of  the  pollen-masses  in 
orchideous  plants. 

Caudiduct  [haw' '-de-dukt)  [cauda,  tail  ;  ducere,  to 
draw].  In  biology,  to  draw  or  carry  backward 
toward  the  tail. 

Cauditrunk  [hart/ -de-trunk)  [cauda,  tail;  truncus, 
trunk].  In  biology,  that  part  of  the  body  behind  the 
head  of  fishes  and  fish  like  mammals. 

Caudle  (kaiv'-dl)  [ME.,  caudel,  a  warm  drink].  A 
nutritious  food  for  invalids.  It  is  made  as  follows  : 
Beat  up  an  egg  to  a  froth  ;  add  a  glass  of  sherry  and 
half  a  pint  of  gruel.  Flavor  with  lemon-peel,  nut- 
meg, and  sugar. 

Caudula  [kawf -du-lah)  [cauda,  a  tail].  In  biology, 
a  marginal  tail-like  process. 

Caul  [kawl)  [ME.,  calle,  a  hood].      I.  A  portion  or  all 
of  the  fetal  membranes  covering  the  head  and  carried 
out  in  advance  of  it  in  labor.      2.  The  great  omentum. 
13 


Caulescent  '    nt)  [  f.  ilk].    In  biology, 

applied  to  plants  having  a  distim  in. 

Caulicle  [iaw/-lik-l)  [caulis,  a  stalk].  In  biology, 
that  portion  oi  ili,  tern  oi  an  embryo  pi. mi  that  i-, 
below  the  cotyledons  and  above  tin-  radicle. 

Cauliflower    Excrescence    [kaw  '  er   ehs-kres'- 

,<:,).       Epithelioma    of   the   cervix   uteri.       See  also 
/  'errui  a  a,  uminata. 

Cauliform  f-orm)    [caulis,    a    stalls  ;     forma, 

shape].      In  biology,  resembling  a  stem. 

Cauligenous  n  us)    [caulis,  a  -.talk  ;  genu  , 

producing].      Borne  upon  the  stem. 

Cauline  [kavZ-lin)  [navX6g,a.  stalk].  In  biology,  ol 
or  pertaining  to  the  stem. 

Caulis  (kaw'-lis)  [navKbg,  a  stalk].  In  biology,  a  plant- 
stem. 

Caulocarpous  [kaw-lo-kar' ' -pus)[Kav7d>q,  astern;  nu, 
fruit].      In    biology,  applied    to  plants  that  bear  fruit 
from  year  to  year  upon  the  same  Stem. 

Caulome  [kaw'-lom)  [icavASg,  a  stem].  In  biology,  a 
general  term  for  all  kinds  of  stems. 

Caulophyllin  [kaw-lo-fil' -in)  [xavMg,  a  stalk ;  o, >>,,;. 
a  leaf].  A  resinoid  precipitate  from  the  tincture  of 
caulophyllum.      See  Caulophyllum. 

Caulophyllum  (kaw-lo-filf -utn)  [navkdg,  stalk;  Qvaaov, 
leaf].  Blue  Cohosh,"  Squaw-root;"  the  rhizome  and 
rootlets  of  C.  thalictroides,  growing  in  Canada  and  the 
northern  U.  S.  It  contains  a  glucosid,  Saponin,  and 
two  resins,  one  of  which  is  Caulophyllin.  It  produces 
intermittent  contractions  of  the  gravid  uterus,  and 
possesses  diuretic,  emmenagogue,  and  antispasmodic 
powers.  There  are  no  official  preparations.  Dose  of 
the  powdered  drug  gr.  v-xx  ;  of  Caulophyllin,  gr. 
ij-v. 

Cauma  [kaitZ-mah)  [navua,  a  burning:  //. ,  Caumata~\. 
Fever  ;  heat  ;  pyresis ;  an  inflammatory  fever ;  a 
burn.  C.  enteritis.  Synonym  oi  Intestinal  Catarrh, 
Acute. 

Caumatic  {kaw- mat' -it)  [icavua,  a  burning].  Pertain- 
ing to  cauma. 

Causalgia  {haw-sal'-je-ali)  [navodg,  a  burning;  akyog, 
pain].  Neuralgia  with  burning  pain,  often  of  the 
foot  ;  sometimes  with  a  local  glossiness  of  the  skin 
due  to  impairment  of  the  normal  nerve-stimulus  of  the 
part. 

Causation  [kawz-a'-shun).     See  Etiology. 

Cause  [kawz)  [causa,  a  cause].  The  sources,  conditions 
and  origins  of  a  result.  The  preceding  factors  that 
unite  to  produce  a  given  condition.  Causes  are  spoken 
of  as  efficient,  instrumental,  final,  primary,  secondarv, 
predisposing,  controlling,  determining,  ultimate,  excit- 
ing, etc.  C.  Causans,  the  causing  cause  or  the  essential 
predetermining  factor.  C,  Exciting,  the  immediately 
preceding  and  conditioning  factor.  C,  Predispos- 
ing, that  which  tends  to  the  development  of  a  condi- 
tion. 

Causoma  [kaw-so1 '-mah)  [icavooua;  xaieiv,  to  burn  : 
pi.,  Causomata-].  A  burning  ;  usually  an  inflamma- 
tion. 

Caustic  [kaws/-tik)  [naie/v,  to  burn].  A  substance  that 
disorganizes  or  destroys  living  tissue  ;  it  is  mostly  used 
in  surgery  to  destroy  unhealthy  growths.  C.  Alkali,  a 
pure  alkaline  hydrate  or  oxid.  C,  Common,  potassa 
fusa  or  potassa  cum  calce.  C,  Dubois's,  arsenious 
acid  I,  mercuric  sulphite  16,  dragon's  blood  8  parts. 
C. -holder,  aporte-caustic.  C,  Lunar,  argentic  nitrate, 
or  nitrate  of  silver.  C,  Mitigated,  argentic  nitrate 
made  less  active  by  fusion  with  potassium  nitrate  or 
argentic  chlorid.  C.  Potash,  potassium  hydrate. 
See  Potassium.      C.  Soda,  sodium  hydrate. 

Causticity  [kaws-tisr -it-e)  [nairn',  to  burn].  Caustic 
quality  ;   corrosiveness. 


CUM  ! 


274 


c  EDAR 


Causticum 

Cauter  urner].      A  searing-iron  or 

Cair. 

.  .Ul-tlC 

Cautcrism 

Cau-  a  i" 

a   i  aut< 

Cauterize  tuterize]. 

ustic 

Cautery  ,    to    burn]. 

ie  term  was  aj>j  ustii  s,  but  more 

the  platinum-wire   heated    by  an 

be  iu>t  ii  rritation, 

C,  Actual,  the    white-hot 

C.    Button,   iron    heated    in    hoi   water.     C, 

Corriean'b         5  C,     Dento-Electric, 

I  « ire,  held  1  rews,  in  con 

•  with  m  luctors  thai  pass  through  a  hard- 

rul  lie.     The  battery  wires  are  coupled  t<>  two 

-  appliance  is  held  in  the  hand  like  a 
aril  in  writing,  and  th<  losed  by  pressing 

rith    the   forefinger,    when    the    resistance 
•a ire  causes   it   to  heated.      It 

ibtunding  sensitive  dentine.     C,  Gal- 
vanic, a  platinum  wire  heated  by  electricity.     C,  Gas, 
stream  of  burning  gas  directed  upon 
C,    Paquelin's,  or  C,  Thermo-,  a  1ml 
int  kept   at  :    uniform  temperature   by 
arrent  of  benzene  vapor.     C.,  Potential,  or  C, 
Virtual,  the  application  of  caustic  substances. 
Cav.:  [L. :  />/.,  Cav>   j       A  vena  cava. 

Cava.  [cava,  a  hollow].      Relating  to  a  vena 

■•  a. 
Cavalry   Bone   \kav>   xl-re  bon).      A    bony  deposit   in 

the  >  of  the  thigh. 

Cavernoma    kav-ern-o' '-ma)  [caverna,  a  cavern;    bfia, 
a  tumor].      A  cavernous  tumor;  a  cavernous  angioma. 
Cavernous   [kan  /,  a  cave].      Having 

or  hollow  places.     C.   Bodies,  the 
if  the  penis.     C.  Breathing,  the 
hollow  sound  of  bronchial  breathing 
in   dilal  ibnormal    bronchi.     C.    Groove,    the 

C.  Plexus.     See  Pit  tus.     C.  Rale. 
C.  Sinus,  situated  at  the  side  ol 
v  of  the  sphenoid.      C.  Tissue,  erectile  tissue. 
C. Tumor.     Set  Angioma.     C.  Whisper,  whispering 
in  auscultation,   modified   by  transmission 
through  a  cavity.     C.  Voice      See  f  >uy. 

Cavernula    Tentacularis.     In    biology,  a    subumbral 
surrounding  the  I  each  tentacle 

ii 
Cavernulae  Subumbrales.      In  biology,  niches  of  the 

-  in  M  du 

Caviar.       Caviare  I  i  ].      The  salted  hard 

fish. 
Cavicorr.  >rnu,  horn]. 

In  hollow  horns;    or  a  hollow  horned 

rui 
Cavitary  .  hollow].      Hollow  : 

mi  ;   any  intestinal  worm 
inn  that  is  not anenterous. 
Cavit.v  \  hollow.      C.  cochleata. 

C.   pulpae,  the  pulp-cavity  i 

Cavitj  .  hollow].      Any 

ho  n    mg  the    normal 

■ 

■  .   '     irai  ii  .  ven- 
triculn-  .,    pulmoi 

C.-pla-  plied  in  n 


i>  al  dentistry  to  a  metallic  base  for  artificial  teeth,  so 
constructed  as  to  have  one  or  more  vacant  spaces  be- 
tween it  and  the  minis,  which,  when  applied,  and  the  ail 

exhausted,  contributes  very  greatly  to  the  firmness  of 
its  adhesion.     C,  Preperitoneal,  a  name  given   by 
Retzius  to  the  loose  and  yielding  subperitoneal  tissue 
in  1 1 . .tit  oi   the  bladder,  under  the  supposition  that   it 
could  be  inflated.     It  is  not  a  true  cavitv,  but  merel) 
a  succession  of  areolar  spaces.     C,   Sigmoid. 
Sigmoid . 
Cavo-valgus  (ha'-vo-val'-gus)  \cavus,  hollow;  va 
bow  legged].   Cavus  combined  with  valgus.  See  Club- 

Cavum  [ka'-vum)  [L.].  Any  hollow  or  cavity,  normal 
or  pathologic.     C.  dentis.     See  Dental  Cavity, 

Cavus  {ka'-vus)  [L.].  i.  A  hollow;  a  cavity.  2. 
falipes  arcuatus;   hollow-foot. 

Cayenne  Pepper  [ki'-en  pepZ-er).     See  Capsicum. 

Cazenave's    Lupus.      See    Diseases,     Tabic    of       C. 
Solution.     An    animal    parasiticide   used   in   derma 
tology.      It    consists    of    iodid   of  sulphur,    iodid   oi 
potassium,  of  each  I  ',  drams,  water  32  ounces. 

Cazeneuve's  Test.     See   Tests,  Tabic  of. 

Ceanothus    [se-an-o1 '-thus)  [xeavudoc,  a  kind  of  thistle]. 
A  genus  of  rhamnaceous  shrubs,  chiefly  N.  Amen 
C.    americanus,  New    Jersej    tea,  red  root,  is    used   in 
domestic  medicine  as  an  astringent  and  alterative  ;   its 
leaves  are  substituted  for  tea.      Unof. 

Ceasma  [se-az' '-mah)  \_Kuiaua,  a  chip:  //. ,  Ceasmata\ 
A  splinter;  a  fissured  state. 

Ceasmic  [se-az^mik)  [utaaua,  a  chip].  Fissured;  re- 
maining in  tlie  primitive  fissured  state  of  the  embryo. 
See   Teratism. 

Cebadilla  {thev-ad-Bl' -yah)  [Sp.,  "little  barley"]. 
'1  he  seed  of  Asagrcca  officinalis,  or  Schcenocaulon  <■///,  1- 
nale ;  official  in  the  B.  I'.,  and  important  as  the  prin- 
cipal source  of  the  alkaloid  veratrin.  It  is  highly 
poisonous. 

Cebocephalia  {se-bo-sef-a* -le-ah)  [ni/Jor,  a  kind  of  mon- 
key ;  />;<«;//,,  the  lead].  The  condition  of  being 
cebocephalic. 

Cebocephalic  [se-bo-sef-alf -ik)  [/c^oc,  a  kind  of  mon- 
key; Mon'n,.  the  head].  Of  the  nature  or  appearance 
of  a  cebocephalus. 

Cebocephalus  {se-bo-sef -al-us)  [ray/foe,  a  monke)  ; 
v^.head].  A  variety  of  single  autositic  monsters 
of  the  species  cyclocephalus,  in  which  there  is  entire 
absence  ol  the  nose,  with,  however,  two  orbital  ca\  ities 
and  two  eyes,  although  the  interocular  region  i--  nar- 
row and  perfectly  flat. 

Cecal  [se/-kal)  [ceecum,  blind].  Relating  to  or  of  the 
nature  of  the  cecum;   c;«cal. 

Cecitas  [sef-sit-as)  [I-].      Blindness. 

Cecitis  (se-si'-tis)  [ceecum,  the  cecum;  crcr,  inflamma 
tion].      Inflammation  of  the  cecum  ;   typhlitis,  i/.t. 

Cecity  (ses/-it-e)  \ccscus,  blind].      Blindness. 

Cecograph  [se* '-ko-graf)  \ceecus,  blind;  yp&Qeiv,  to 
write]        A   writing-machine    for  the  use  of  the  blind. 

Cecum  [se/-kum)  [  u  .  blind].  The  huge  blind 
pouch  or  cul-de-sac  in  which  the  huge  intestine 
begins. 

Cecutiency  [se-ku'-sh  ire,  to  become  blind]. 

I  endency  to,  or  the  commencement  of,  blindness. 

Cedar  [se'-dar)  \cedru  .  cedar].  One  of  the  genus  of 
coniferous  trees,  Cedrus.  C. -apple,  an  excrescence 
or  gall  produced  upon  the  red  cedar,  Juniperus  ?i>xi>i 
iana,  by  the  fungus  called  Gymnosporangium  ma 
pus.  ( ledar  galls  are  popularly  este<  med  as  an  anthel- 
mintic. I  lose  gr.  viij— xviij,  in  powder.  Unof.  C- 
Gum.the  fragrant  resin  ,,f  Callitris  arborea,  a  conifer- 
1  an  tree.  It  is  used  in  making  plasters. 
Unof.     C. -wood  Oil.     See  Cailcedra. 


CEDKI I    \ 


275 


MM 


Cedrela  {sed* '-re-lah)  [Kf(5pe/Uir//,  a  cedar-fir  tree].  A 
genu-  lit'  trees  found  in  tropica]  regions  and  allied  to 
mahogany.  C.  febrifuga,  of  Southern  Asia  ;  C.  odor- 
ata,  bastard  cedar,  of  tropical  Ann  rica  see  Cailcedrd)', 
C.  rosmarinus,  of  Indo-China,  and  C.  toona,  oi 
India,  arc  among  the  species  thai  afford  active  mi 
cines.     All  unof. 

Cedrene  {se'-drln)  \cedrus,  cedar],  Cj«H24.  A  volatile 
liquid  hydrocarbon  found  in  oil  of  red  cedar  (see 
Juniper  us  virginiand),  <>il  of  cloves  and  oil  of  cu- 
bebs.  C.  Camphor,  <  ,1 1  ,,.<  >,  a  camphor  that  sepa- 
rates from  the  oil  of  red  cedar. 

Cedrin  \ ... ■'  drin)  [cedrus,  cedar].  A  bitter  crystalline 
substance  obtained  from  cedron. 

Cedriret  {sed' -re-ret).     See  Coeroulignon 

Cedron  isef-dron)  [cedrus,  cedar].  The  seeds  of  C. 
simaba,  a  popular  external  remedy  in  tropical  Amer- 
ica for  the  bites  of  venomous  insects  and  serpents,  and 
of  reputed  value  in  malarial  fevers.  Dose  of  the  (Id. 
ext.  tTLJ-viij. 

Ceke  {thik'-e).  A  Feejee  term  for  elephantiasis  of  the 
scrotum. 

Celandini  {seV -an-dlti).     See  Chelidonium. 

Celastrus  {sel-as' '-trus)  [K^Xaarpog,  an  evergreen  tree]. 
A  genus  of  trees  and  shrubs,  nearly  allied  to  Euony- 
mus.  Many  of  the  species  are  medicinal,  and  some 
are  poisonous.  C.  scandens,  the  climbing  staff-tree 
of  North  America,  is  cathartic,  diuretic,  and  alterative; 
it  is  called  waxwork,  bitter-sweet,  and  fever-twig. 

Celation  {sel-a' -shun)  [celatio,  a  hiding].  The  conceal- 
ment of  illness,  of  a  birth,  or  of  pregnancy. 

Cele  {se'-le)  [kojXoc,  hollow].  An  encephalic  cavity; 
used  instead  of  ventricle. 

-cele  {set)  \_nrfkii,  a  tumor].  A  suffix  denoting  a 
tumor. 

Celelminth  (se' '-lel-minth)  [mv/oc,  hollow;  I'/nnr, 
worm].  A  parasitic  worm  with  a  digestive  canal  or 
cavity  ;   a  cavitary  worm. 

Celery  {sel'-er-e)  [aekivov,  a  kind  of  parsley].  The 
stalk  of  Apium  graveolens,  or  common  garden  celery. 
It  contains  Apiol,  q.  v.  It  is  reputed  to  be  antispas- 
modic and  nervine.  Dose  indefinite.  C.  Seed,  used 
to  cover  the  taste  of  other  drugs.      Unof. 

Celia  {se'-le-ah)  \K0ikia,  the  belly].  I.  The  belly:  the 
stomach.  2.  Any  ventricle,  or  normal  cavity  of  the 
brain. 

Celiac  {se' '-le-ak)  \caliacus ;  KOikia,  belly].  Abdominal. 
Pertaining  to  the  belly.  C.  Affection,  a  chronic 
intestinal  disorder  most  commonly  met  with  in  chil- 
dren between  the  ages  of  one  and  five,  characterized 
by  the  occurrence  of  pale,  loose  stool-,  not  unlike 
gruel  or  oatmeal-porridge  ;  they  are  bulky,  not  watery, 
yeasty,  frothy,  and  extremely  offensive,  and  are  ac- 
companied by  anemia  and  debility  without  much 
emaciation.  The  exhaustion  may  be  aggravated  by 
intercurrent  attacks  of  watery  diarrhea,  and  death 
may  supervene.  It  is  also  called  Diarrhoea  alba  or 
Diarrhoea  chylosa.  It  is  due  probably  to  a  temporary 
suspension  of  the  pancreatic  function.  C.  Artery. 
Same  as  C.  Avis.  See  Arteries,  Table  of.  C.  Axis, 
a  branch  of  the  abdominal  aorta ;  it  divides  into  the 
gastric,  hepatic,  and  splenic  arteries.  See  Arteries, 
Table  of.  C.  Ganglion.  See  Ganglion,  Semilunar. 
C.  Passion,  painful  diarrhea,  or  dysentery.  C. 
Plexus.     See  Plexuses,  Table  of 

Celiaca  {se-li' '-ak-ah)  \_KOikia,  the  abdomen].  Diseases 
of  the  abdominal  organs. 

Celiadelphus   [se-le-ad-elf -fus\   \jauMa,  belly; 

brother].      A  monstrosity  having  two  bodies  joined  at 
the  abdomen. 

Celiagra  {se-le-a' '-grah)  [/cot/u'a,  belly;  aypa,  seizure]. 
Abdominal  gout. 


Celialgia   [se-le-a  \KoiKia,  belly;   43-yoc,   pain]. 

Tain  in  the  abdomen 

Celian,  Celine       '      an.  xe'-lin).      Same  a-  Celiac. 

Celiocyesis     [se-le-o  \noikia,     belly;      /.< 

pregnancy].      Abdominal  extra-uterine  gestation. 

Celiolymph  >-limf)   [/cot^/'a,  a  cavity;    lympha, 

water].     The  1  erebro  spinal  fluid. 

Celiomyalgia  [se-le-o-mi  1   [holmo,   belly; 

must  le  ;  iXyog,  pain  ].     Pain  in  the  abdominal  must 

Celioncus  {se-le-ong/-kus)   \kdiKui,  the  belly;   6yn 
swelling].      A  tumor  of  the  abdomen. 

Celiopyosis   {se-le-o-pi-o* '-sis)    [xoikia,  belly; 

suppuration].      Suppuration  in  the  abdominal  cavity. 

Celiorrhea   {se-le-or-e'-ah)   \j<oi?ua,  the  belly; 
flow].     Diarrhea. 

Celioschisis  (se-le-os'-his-is)   [/co/Auz,  belly;  a\irur,  fis- 
sure].     Congenita]  abdominal  Assure. 

Celiotomy  {se-le-ot' -o-me)   \_K0iA1a,  belly;   *""//,  a  cut- 
ting].     Surgical  opening  of  the  abdominal  cavity. 

Celitis    {se-li'-tis)    [KoiXia,    belly;     irn\    inflammation]. 
Inflammation  of  the  abdominal  organ 

Cell  {sel)  [cella,  a  small,  hollow  cavity].  1.  In  anatomy, 
any  one  of  the  interstitial  spacer  and  small  cavities  of 
the  bone-,  etc.  2.  In  biology,  a  nucleated  mass  of 
protoplasm  capable  of  reproduction.  A  mass  of  proto- 
plasm, with  or  without  a  cell-wall  and  with  or  without 
a  nucleus.  3.  A  galvanic  element,  or  -ingle  member 
of  a  galvanic  battery  without  the  connecting  wire 
between  the  metal-.  See  Battery.  4.  The  case  or  cup 
in  which  a  zooid  or  larva  is  located.  See  Cell-b 
C,  Abbe-Zeiss  Counting,  a  glass  receptacle  cemented 
upon  a  glass  slide,  its  floor  being  marked  in  micro- 
scopic squares.  It  is  used  for  counting  the  blood-cor- 
puscles. C,  Air.  See  Air-cell.  C,  Ameboid,  a 
cell  capable  of  changing  its  form  and  of  moving  about 
like  an  ameba.  C.,  Apolar,  a  nerve-cell  without 
processes  or  poles,  such  as  has  been  ascribed  to  the 
sympathetic  system.  C,  Beaker.  See  C,  G 
C,  Betz's,  the  motor  or  ganglionic  cell-  comprising  the 
fourth  layer  of  the  mo(or  area  of  the  gray  matter  of  the 
brain.  C.-body,  the  mass  of  a  cell,  composed  of  two 
substances,  the  mitoma,  or  cytomitoma,  and  the  para- 
mitoma.  The  first  is  the  thread-like  basis  of  the  cell- 
body,  the  latter,  the  homogeneous  filar  and  interlilarsub- 
stance.  The  nucleus  is  composed  of  the  karyomitoma, 
or  nuclear  network,  otherwise  called  the  chromatin; 
the  nuclear  sap.  or  substances  contained  in  the  meshes 
of  the  chromatin,  and  from  its  non-staining  quality 
called  achromatin  :  and  the  nuclear  membrane,  made 
up  of  two  layers,  the  outer  achromatic,  the  inner  chro- 
matic, or  staining.  The  nucleoli  are  usually  multiple, 
and  are  composed  of  more  refractile  matter.  C, 
Bunsen,  the  same  as  the  Grove  cell  except  that  the 
platinum  electrode  of  the  latter  is  replaced  in  the 
Bunsen  by  a  stick  of  carbon.  C. -capsule,  a  thick 
or  unusually  strong  cell-wall.  C,  Ciliated,  one  pro- 
vided with  cilia.  C.  of  Corti,  any  one  of  the  hair- 
cells  on  the  outer  surface  of  the  organ  of  Cord.  C, 
Cylindrical,  a  variety  of  epithelial  cell.  C,  Dan- 
iell's,  a  battery  cell  containing  two  fluids,  viz..  a  satu- 
rated solution  of  sulphate  of  copper  and  a  semi-saturated 
solution  of  sulphate  of  zinc.  In  the  former  is  placed 
a  sheet  of  metallic  copper,  and  in  the  latter  a  mass  of 
zinc,  these  two  metals  forming  the  electrodes  of  the 
cill.  C,  Daughter-,  a  cell  originating  from  the  divi- 
sion of  the  protoplasm  of  a  mother-cell;  any  one  of 
the  young  cells  found  within  the  substance  of  an  un- 
divided mother-cell.  C.  of  Deiters.  the  cells 
with  fine  processes  resting  on  the  basilar  membrane  of 
the  cochlea,  beneath  the  air-cell-  ;  also  a  nucleated  cell 
of  the  neuroglia.  C,  Demilune.  Giannusei's  1 
granular  protoplasmic  cells  found   in   mucous  glands, 


CELLA 


276 


i  I  I  i  >l  OGY 


lyii  the  mu  lis  and    the  basement 

in  important  part  in  the  func- 

C  -Doctrine,  the  thi 

ic  structure,  and  that 

ential  |  i  life  and   it- 

C  .  Kdison-Lalande,  a  variety  ol  cell 

C,  Electrolytic, 

.   in   which 

C  .  Endothelial,  om 

tem. 
C,  Epidermic,  -r  Epithelial,  i  ring 

iv.     C, 
hmoidai,  •  ities  of  the 

the   ethmoid  <  'ailed    also 

C,  Ganglion,  a  cell  "I   the  gray 
C.  of  Giannuzzi. 
C.  Giant,  any  polynucleated  body 
I  in  tuberculosis,  sar- 
C. -globulins,    Halliburton's    name    for 
in  lymph  i  orpuscles  and 
them  l>y  solutions  "l"  sodium  chlorid. 
C,  Goblet,  a  form  ial  cell.     C.,  Gowers's, 

an  C.,  Gre 

net.  in  making  galvanic 

teries.      C,  Grove,    a   two-fluid    battery    cell,  the 
sulphuric  and   nil:  and  the 

I  in   tin  :  tively  zinc  and    plati- 

num.    C. -islets,  tin-   centers  of  most  active  growth 

■ung  cellular   tissues.      They 

;  nutriment  that  arc  gradually  dis- 

C,  Law,  a  variet)  of  cell  used 

in    n  nic   batt<  C.,    Leclanche,    a 

.    'i  making   galvanic  batteries.     It 

[uid  cell  or  as  a  dry  cell,  tin-  latter 

C,  Lymphoid,  a   large   ameboid 

C,  Mother-,  a  cell  that  divide-  ii-  protoplasm 

ich  part  a  new  cell- wall.     C,  Mounting. 

C. -Multiplication.  ( !ytogenesis, 

cess  of  reproduction  of  cells. 

It  i  .  a-  when  the  cell-content-  bn 

parate   nucleated    masses 

ell-wall ;  gemmipa    u  .  a-  when  new  cells 

A  ;   and   fissiparaus,  as  when 

ell  divides   by  cleavage  into  two  or  more 

C,  Neuro-muscular.  a  name gh  rtain 

■   lower  life  forms,  that  act  in    part    as   nerves 

C. -nests,  Epidermic  Pearls: 

ned  cells  contained  in  epithe- 

C.,  Olfactory,  any  one  of  the  cells  that  lie 

i  w..rk    of  epithelial  cells  in  the  nasal 

■    a   body  and   two  proce^ 

itward  t'>    the  surface  of  the    mucous 

r  running  inward  and   connected 

C. -parasite, 

of  various  micropara- 

idium,  living  within  a  cell.     C- 

fluid  portion  of  the  cell-con- 

C.  of  Schultze.  C, 

Scmina  ithelial  cells  contained  in 

nstituting  the  seminal 
C  .  Sphenoidal  large  cavities 

■  henoid  hone.     C., 
Squamous.  C.,  Stam- 

mer m    makii  anic 

C  -substanc  material 

C,  Thoma-Zeiss.     Sam 
C  .  Vasofactive,  or  Vasoformative,  a 
t  in  .  and  probably 

-   with   other  similar 

Cell.i  tend- 

C.  lateralis,  the    lateral 


ventricle  of  the  brain,  or  om-  ofitscornua.  C.  media, 
the  central  cornu  ol  the  lateral  ventricle,  or  that  part 
ol  the  ventricle  whence  the  cornua  extend. 

Cellseform   [sel'-e-form)   [<<•//</,  a  cell  ;  forma,  shape]. 
Resembling  a  ceil,  but  not  such  morphologically.    Cf. 
ni. 

Celliferous  [sel-if '-er-us)  [cella,  cell;  ferre,  to  bear]. 
Producing,  forming,  or  bearing  cells. 

Celliform        .  '  if-orni).      S<  i    I  elkeform. 

Celloid  [seP-oid)  [cella,  a  cell  ;  f  <<'<»;,  form].  Resem- 
bling  a  cell. 

Celloidm  '-in).    A  concentrated  form  of  collodion 

for  use  in  imbedding  objects  for  histologic  purposes. 

Cellula  [seP-u-lah).  lule. 

Cellulae  gangliosae.  Ganglion  cells,  or  mesodermal 
nerve  cells;  neuroblasts.  C.  palpantes,  tactile 
cells. 

Cellular  {seP-u-lar)  [cella,  cell].  Relating  to  or  corn- 
ed of  cells.  C.  Cartilage,  cartilage  composed 
mainly  of  large  cells,  with  but  little  intercellular  sub- 
ice.  C.  Membrane,  C.  Tissue,  areolar  tissue; 
I  ony  connective  tissue;  cancellous  tissue.  C.  Ther- 
apy, the  name  applied  by  Aulde  to  the  method  in 
therapeutics  of  exhibiting  properly-selected  medica- 
ment- with  a  view  to  restoration  of  cell-function.  It 
aims  to  apply  scientifically  those  remedies  that  expe- 
riem  e  has  -hewn  to  possess  special  curative  properties 
in  the  restoration  of  disordered  functions. 

Cellule  (seP-ul)  [cellula,  a  small  cell].  A  small  cell 
or  cavity. 

Celluliferous  {sel-u-lif '-er-us)  [cellula,  a  little  cell; 
ferre,  to  hear].       In  biology,  producing  small  cells. 

Cellulitis  [sel-u-W '-lis)  [cellula,  a  -mall  cell;  itu;,  in- 
flammation]. A  diffuse  inflammation  of  cellular  tis- 
sue.     C,  Pelvic.     See  Parametritis. 

Celluloid  [seP-u-loid)[cellula,  a  little  cell  ;  eliog,  form]. 
A  valuable  product  of  the  action  of  camphor  upon 
pyroxylin.  It  is  prepared  in  a  great  variety  of  form-, 
both  transparent  and  opaque,  colored  uniformly  or 
mottled  and  striated.  It  cannot  be  caused  to  explode 
by  heat,  friction,  or  percussion.  When  brought  into 
contact  with  flame  it  burns  like  paper.  It  dissolves  in 
warm,  moderately  concentrated  sulphuric  acid,  and  is 
also  soluble  in  glacial  acetic  acid,  rapidly  in  warm, 
moderately  concentrated  nitric  acid  (four  volumes  of 
fuming  acid  to  three  of  water),  and  in  a  hot,  concen- 
trated solution  of  caustii  soda.  The  density  of  cellu- 
loid ranges  from  I.310  to  1. 393.  When  heated  to  125° 
(  .  it  becomes  plastic  and  can  be  moulded  into  any  de- 
sired shape.  Separate  pieces  can  also  be  welded 
together  by  simple  pressure  at  this  temperature.  It  is 
useful  in  various  ways  in  surgery.  It  is  used  some- 
times to  form  a  plastic  base  for  artificial  teeth,  known 
by  various  names,  as  "Rose  Pearl,"  "Pyroxylin," 
etc.     See  Zylonite. 

Cellulose  [seP-u-los)  [cellula,  &  little  cell],  C,.,I  I.,(1<  >,„. 
Wood  fiber  ;  lignose.  The  principal  ingredient  of  the 
cell-membranes  of  all  plants.  It  is  a  white, amorphous 
mass,  insoluble  in  most  of  the  usual  solvent-.  In 
biology,  the  primary  substance  of  organic  (ell  walls, 
characteristic  of  plant-cells,  but  found  in  the  Tunicata 
among  animals.  It  is  dissolved  by  Schweitzer's  re- 
agent 1  ammonium  cupric-oxid  1  and  decomposed  by 
era!  forms  of  bacteria,  e.g.,  Bacillus  butyricu  , 
Prazmowski  ;  Bacterium gummis,  <  lom.es,  and  Bacteri 
w/i  putredinis,  Davaine.  To  stain.  1  si  1  Irenai  her's 
Alcoholic  Borax-Carmin,  Ehrlich's  or  Delafield's 
Hematoxylin,  Methyl-Green,  Methylene  Blue,  Safra- 
nin,  Fuchsin,  Chlor.  Zinc,  lodin,  Phloroglucin, 
Anilin,  Chlorid.     See,  also,  Carbohydrates,  Table  of . 

Celology  [sel-olf-o-je)  [ni////,  hernia ;  Myog,  science]. 
That  branch  of  surgical  science  that  treats  of  hernia. 


CKI.OM 


277 


CENTER 


Celom,  or  Celoma  (se'-lom,  or se-lo' '-ma/i)  [koiAcj/iu,  a 
cavity].  A  term  used  by  embryologists  and  others 
to  denote  the  body-cavity  in  its  widest  morphologic 
sense  ;  the  space  between  the  exoderm  and  the  endo- 
derm. 

Celophlebitis  [se-lo-fU-bi' -tis)  [nolAog,  hollow ;  <p/.hp, 
vein;  mr,  inflammation].    Inflammation  of  a  vena  cava. 

Celophthalmia  [se-loff-thal' -me-ah)  [Kotkog,  hollow; 
;„,ti,iAui>r,  eye].     Hollowness  of  the  eyes. 

Celoscope  {se'-lo-skop)  [koZXoc,  hollow;  anonelv,  to 
observe].  An  instrument  for  examining  the  cavities 
of  the  body  by  means  of  the  electric  light,  enclosed 
in  a  tlask  and  mounted  upon  a  glass  shank. 

Celosis  (se-lo'-sis)  \_koiaoc,  hollow].  The  formation  of 
any  cavity. 

Celosoma  (se-lo-so'->nah)  [Kfjfab  hernia  ;  aufta,  a  body]. 
I.  A  species  of  single  autositic  monsters  characterized 
by  "more  or  less  extensive  body-cleft  with  eventration, 
associated  with  various  anomalies  of  the  extremities,  of 
the  genitourinary  apparatus,  of  the  intestinal  tract, 
and  even  of  the  whole  trunk."  2.  A  variety  of  the 
foregoing  species  in  which  there  is  a  lateral  or  median 
eventration,  with  fissure,  atrophy,  or  even  total  absence 
of  the  sternum,  and  protrusion  of  the  heart. 

Celostomia  (se-h-sto/-me-ah)  [koIaoc,  hollow;  crofia, 
mouth].      Hollowness  of  the  voice. 

Celotome  (se'-lo-tom)  [«////,  hernia;  refiveiv,  to  cut]. 
A  hernia-knife. 

Celotomy  (se-lot'-o me)  [k/'/a//,  hernia  ;  rifiveiv,  to  cut]. 
The  operation  for  strangulated  hernia  by  incision  of 
the  stricture. 

Celsus's  Operations.     See  Operations,   Table  of. 

Celtis  (sel'-tis)  [L.,  an  African  species  of  lotus].  A 
genus  of  ulmaceous  trees.  C.  australis,  the  European 
nettle-tree,  honey-berry,  or  lote,  has  mild,  astringent 
leaves  and  bark.  C.  occidentalis,  the  hackberry  of 
N.  America,  has  edible,  astringent  berries;  the  bark 
is  said  to  be  anodyne,  astringent,  febrifuge.      Unof. 

Cement  (se-ment')  \coementum,a.  rough  stone].  Any 
plastic  material  capable  of  becoming  hard  and  of 
binding  together  the  objects  that  are  contiguous  to  it ; 
filling-material  for  the  teeth ;  the  crusta  petrosa  of  the 
teeth.  See  Teeth.  C.-disc,  the  glandular  disc  of 
orchids.  C.-duct,  the  duct  of  the  cement-gland  in 
cirriped  crustaceans.  C,  Shellac,  a  cement  for  seal- 
ing microscopic  preparations  and  for  making  shallow 
cells.  It  is  prepared  by  dissolving  the  gum  or  scales 
of  shellac  in  about  an  equal  volume  of  alcohol.  Decant 
or  lilter  the  fluid,  and  to  prevent  brittleness  add  to 
every  50  parts  5  parts  each  of  castor  oil  and  Venetian 
turpentine. 

Cementoblast  (se-menf '-o-btast)  \c<zmentum,  cement; 
J/aaroQ,  germ].  A  cement-corpuscle  in  tooth-tissue  ; 
more  correctly,  an  osteoblast  that  takes  part  in  the  de- 
velopment of  the  dental  cement. 

Cemento-dentinary  (se-ment-o-den/-tin-a-re)  \ccement- 
um,  cement;  dens,  dentis,  a  tooth].  Relating  to  the 
cement  and  dentine  of  a  tooth. 

Cementoma     (se-ment-o/-maA)     \camentum,    cement; 
a,  tumor:  pi. ,  Cemeniomatd] .     A  tumor  thrown  out 
by  the  irritated  alveolar  periosteum. 

Cementum  [se-menf -nm).      See  Tooth  and  Cement. 

Cenanthy  (se-nan' -the)  \jtev6g,  empty;  avdog,  flower]. 
In  biology,  that  condition  of  a  flower  in  which  the 
stamens  and  pistils  are  suppressed. 

Cenchrus  (seng'-krus)  [/cey^poc,  a  small  grain].  In 
biology,  a  small  spot  on  the  metathorax  of  an  insect. 

Cenesthesis  {sen-es-the'  -sis)  \_Koiv6q,  common;  alat-    - 
feeling].    A  sense  of  existence,  either  painful  or  pleasur- 
able.     It  is  the  prevailing  conscious  state  of  feeling, 
either    of  depression    or  of   exaltation,    which    is  the 
resultant  of   the    subconscious    organic  sympathies  oi 


the   whole  organism.      It  does  not  exceed  physiologic 

limits  so  long  as  it  if  elude  the  normal  exercise 

of  mental  fundi' 
Cenogenetic   (se-nojen-et' '-ik  )    \ttoiv6q,  common; 

trs" :'>  generation].      In  biology,  a  modi  lied,  shortened, 

and  simplified  mode  of  developm 
Cenogenous    {sen-ojr -en-us)   [_KOiv6g,    common; 

produced].      In  biology,  the   power  of  reproducing  by 

means  of  eggs  at  one  time  and  viviparously  at  another, 

as  seen  in  the  Aphides. 
Cenosis  {sen-o'-sis)  [/ccvujkc,  a  draining].      Evacuation; 

up'  icenosis. 
Cenosphaera    [sen-o-sfe' ' -rah  )    \_KEv6g,    empty  ;    o<pa 

sphere].      In  biology,  the  spherical  skeleton  of  certain 

radiolarians. 
Cenospudia  (sen-o-spu'-de-ah  )   [/cevrfc,  empty ;  airovAr/, 

zeal].     "  Drown  study  ;  "  mental  absorption,  or  anxiety 

with  regard  to  unimportant  matters. 
Cenotic    {sen-ot'-ik)    \_nevuaig,    a    draining].       Cau-in^ 

cenosis  ;   drastic  ;   purgative. 
Centaurea    (sen-taw* -re-ah  )   \jckvravpoQ,   centaur].      A 

genus  of  composite  flowered  herbs.      C.  benedictus. 

See  Carduus.      C.  centaurium,  the  greater   centaury 

of   Europe,    is    aromatic,  astringent,  diaphoretic,    and 

stomachic.        C.   cyanus,    corn-flower,     blue-bottle  ; 

once  used  for  fevers  and  in  preparing  collyria.    C.  sol- 

stitialis,  Barnaby's  thistle  ;  diuretic  and  antipyretic. 
C.  nigra,  of  Europe  (knap-weed,  centaury),  is  as- 
tringent and  diuretic.  All  unof. 
Centaury  (sen' -taw-re)  \centauriq\  A  popular  name 
for  various  plants  of  the  genera  Centaurea,  Eryth, 
Sabbatia,  Chlora,  etc.  It  is  used  as  a  simple,  bitter 
tonic.  Dose  Jss-j  in  decoction  several  times  a  day. 
Unof. 
Center  (sen'-ier)  \jdvrpm>,  the  center].  The  middle 
point  of  any  surface  or  of  a  body.  The  ganglion  or  plexus 
whence  issue  the  nerves  controlling  a  function.  C, 
Accelerating,  a  probable  center  in  the  medulla  sending 
accelerating  fibers  to  the  heart.  They  leave  the  cord 
through  the  rami  communicantes  of  the  lower  cervical 
and  upper  six  dorsal  nerves,  passing  thence  into  the 
sympathetic.  C,  Ano-spinal,  controls  defecation; 
it  is  situated  at  the  level  of  the  5th,  6th.  and  7th  lumbar 
vertebrae ;  but  for  the  co-ordinated  activity  it  must 
remain  in  connection  with  the  brain.  C,  Auditory, 
probably  in  the  temporo-sphenoidal  lobes,  upon  each 
side.  C.,  Broca's.  See  C,  Speeeh.  C,  Cardio- 
inhibitory,  in  the  medulla,  carried  by  the  vagus.  C, 
Cilio-spinal,  connected  with  the  dilatation  of  the 
pupil  ;  it  is  in  the  lower  cervical  part  of  the  cord.  It 
controls  the  movements  of  the  ciliary  body.  C, 
Convulsional,  in  the  medulla,  on  the  floor  of  the  4th 
ventricle.  C.  for  Closure  of  Eyelids,  in  the  medulla, 
a  part  of  the  facial  center.  C,  Coughing,  in  the 
medulla,  above  the  respiratory  center.  C,  Diabetic, 
in  the  posterior  part  of  the  anterior  half  of  the  floor 
of  the  4th  ventricle,  in  the  median  line.  C,  Ejacula- 
tion, Rudge's  genito-spinal  center,  4th  lumbar  vertebra 
(rabbit).  C,  Erection,  is  in  the  spinal  cord,  but  is 
controlled  from  the  medulla.  C.  for  Mastication 
and  Sucking,  facial  and  hypo-glossal  centers.  C. 
for  Secretion  of  Saliva,  on  the  floor  of  the  4th 
ventricle.  C,  Gustatory  and  Olfactory,  in  the 
uncinate  gyrus.  C,  Heat-regulating  or  Tem- 
perature, the  center  for  the  control  of  body-tem- 
perature. See  Thermotaxis.  C,  Leg,  in  the  as- 
cending frontal  convolution.  C,  Micturition,  the 
vesico-spinal  center  of  Budge,  at  the  level  of  the 
lumbar  vertebrae  ;  coordination  requires  cerebral 
connection.  C.  of  Ossification,  the  place  in  b( 
at  which  ossification  begins.  C,  Parturition,  at  the 
level  of  the  1st  and  2d  lumbar  vertebr.e.      C,  Respir- 


<  1  NTERING 


I  1  l'HAI  EMA  rOMA 


atory,  in  the  medulla,  between  the  nuclei  ol  tl 
led  bj  I  luorens  the 

or  .  C,    Sensory,    oi    Psycho-sensorial 

t.il  .m<l  tempore  sphenoidal   lobes,  prob 
:  intimal  I  with,  the  m 

C,  Sneezing,  sami    is  foi  m  i 

C,   Spasm,   in    the 

unction  with  the  pons.     C,  Speech, 

volution    in  right-handed 

C.|  Swallowing,  on  the  the   4th 

C  .  Swcat.i:       lominating  is  in  the 

C,  Upper, 
for  Dilator  Pupillze,  in  the  medulla.  C,  Vaso- 
dilator, in  the  medulla,  with  a  func 

i    tin-    \  aso-motor.     C, 

so-motor,  in  the  medulla.     C,  Vesico-spinal. 

C,  Visual,  in  the  occipital  lobe, 

the  cun 

Centering  nter].     In  mil  ro 

i  an  ob  sory 

ncides  with  the  optic  axis  ol  the 
tics,    having    the   pupil    and    the 
■  the  refracting  lens  in  die  same  axis. 
Centesimal.     In  the  proportion  of  i  to  ioo. 
Centigrade  run:,  a  hundred  ;  graa 

step]      Abbreviation,  L.     Having  ioo  divisions  or 
C.  Thermometer,  a  thermometer  with  zero 
•  and  ioo°  as  the  boiling  point  of 

Centigram  [centum,  a  hundred  ;  yp&uua, 

ght].     The  hundredth  of  a  gram,  equal  to 

a  avoirdupois,  or  one-sixth  of  a  grain 

Centiliter        n'-t  turn,  a  hundred ;    fdrpa,  a 

ind].      The  hundredth  of  a  liter,  equal  to  0.6102 

•1  cubic  inch. 
Centimeter      ••■'  tim  ntuni.  a  hundred ;  (i&Tpov, 

ire].     The  hundredth  part  of  a  meter,  equal  to 
1  of  an  English  inch. 

Centinormal  '  mal  •    [centum,  a  hundred  ; 

normal].      The  T,',  r<  of  the  normal  ;  applied  to 
ilution  ti  '  the  strength  of  a  normal  solution. 

Centrad         •  [centrum,  tin-   center:    ad,    to], 

-r  toward  the  median  line. 
'/ ,  Tail 
Central  mm,  the  center].      Relating  to 

sing  through  the  center.      See  Position 
C.    Artery,   an    artery  in 
retina;    it  to    the    optic 

C. 

Ganglia,  tl  triata  and  thalami  optici.      C. 

Ligament.  mal  filum  of  the  spinal  cord.    See 

C.  Lobe,  the  island  of   Reil.      C.  Stop. 

Centraxonial  -><>\\     center; 

.  having  a  central  axial  line. 
Centre 
Centren  ntrum,   a   center].      Belonging 

Centric.  Centrical    {sen'-trik,  ten' -trik-al)    [centrum, 

to  a  nerve- 
■  .    a    term    applied    to    the    internal 
distinct! 

structural 

r   and  under  surfai 
Centricipital  ntrum,  center  ;  <  apnl. 

iciput  ;   parietal.     C. 
vertebra,  I  nd    or   n  tral  of  tie    three 

prim 
Centriciput  1  ;    ,,,'n'. 

ond  crania]  segment 
sit  1.  put. 


Centrifugal  {sen-trif-v-gal)  [centrum,  the  center; 
fugere,  to  flee].  Receding  from  tin-  center  toward 
the  periphery.  C.  Nerves,  those  (mostly  motor) 
conveying  impulses  toward  the  peripheral  parts  oi  the 
body. 

Centrifugalized  Milk.  Milk  from  which  the  cream 
has  been  separated  by  whirling  it  in  a  centrifugal 
machine. 

Centripetal     {sen-trip* '-et-al)     [centrum,    the    center; 
,  to  seek].     Traveling  toward  the  center  from  the 
periphery.    C.  Nerves,  those  (mostly  sensorj  1  convey 
ing  impn  ssions  from  the  peri]  heral  organs  toward  the 
cerebro  spinal  nervous  system. 

Centro-acinal,  or  Centro-acinar  {sen-tro-as,-in-al,  or 
,, n-tr, '-,//  in-ar)  [centrum,  centei  :  acinus,  a  grape]. 
Belonging  to  the  center  of  an  acinus.     C.  Cells  an 
found  in  the  a<  ini  oi  the  pancreas,  etc. 

Centrolecithal  {sen-tro-les' -ith-al)  [nkvrpov,  center; 
XtiKlffog,  yolk].  III  embryology,  having  the  food  yolk 
centrally  located  in  the  protoplasm. 

Centrosoma  {sen-tro-so' -mah)  [nevrpov,  center;  oufia, 
body:  pi.,  Centrosomatd],  The  central  mass  or  body 
of  any  corpuscle,  a  -  distinguished  from  iis  appendages. 
C.  of  Boveri,  in  embryology,  a  separate  central  body 
contained  in  the  sphere  of  attraction,  at  the  pole  oi 
the  resting  nucleus  in  a  dividing  ovum. 

Centrosome  {sen* -tro-som).     See  Centrosoma. 

Centrostigma  [sen-tro-stig* '-man)  [tcivrpov,  center; 
afiyfia,  a  point].  In  morphology,  having  all  the  axes 
converging  to  a  central  point. 

Centrotriaene  {sen-tro-tri* '-e-ne)[icivTpov,  center;  rpiaiva, 
a  trident].  In  morphology,  a  trisene  spicule  whose 
arms  arise  from  a  central  bundle  or  rhabdom. 

Centrotylote   {sen-trot* '-il-oi)  [nivrpov,  center ;   toa* 
knobbed].      In  biology,  swollen  in  the  middle. 

Centrum  {sen'-trum)  [!-•]•  The  center  or  middle  part  ; 
the  body  of  a  vertebra,  exclusive  of  the  bases  ol  the 
neural  arches.  C.  Anospinale,  Budge's,  the  center 
for  the  movements  of  the  anal  sphincters,  located  in 
the  cord  at  the  level  of  the  fifth  lumbar  vertebra  in 
the  dog,  and  between  the  sixth  and  seventh  in  the 
rabbit.  C.  Ovale  Majus,  the  large  mass  of  white 
matter  appearing  when  either  of  the  hemispheres  is 
cut  down  to  the  level  of  the  corpus  callo-um.  C. 
Ovale  Minus,  the  white  matter  appearing  when 
the  upper  part  of  a  hemisphere  of  the  brain  is 
removed. 

Cenurus  (sen-u'-rus).     See  Ccenurus. 

Cepaceous  {se-pa' -she-us)  [ccepa,  an  onion].  Having 
the  smell  of  onions. 

Cephaelis  {sef-a-f el-is).     See  Ipecacuanha. 

Cephalad  {sef'-al-ad)  [/,'»•/,,,  head  ;  ad,  to].  Toward 
tin-  head.     See  Position  and  Direction,  Table  of. 

Cephalagra     {sef-al-af -grah)     [KFfa'/i/,     head;      d 
seizure].     Gouty  headache 

Cephalalgia  {sef-al-al' -ge-ah)  [mou'/ij.  head;  hXyoc, 
pain].  Tain  in  the  head.  The  word  is  variously 
qualified,  as  C.  Anemica,  C.  Contagiosa,  C.  Infiuen  a, 
('.  Epileptica,  C.  N>    "     a,  etc. 

Cephalalgic  {sef-al-al' -jik)  [KeQaTJ],  head  ;  akyoc,  pain]. 
Relating  to  headache. 

Cephalanthium  {sef-al-an' -the-um)  [nefaM, .  head; 
avBoc,  a  flower].  In  biology,  the  capitulum,  or  flower 
clust'  1,  ol  one  of  the  Compo  it,<~. 

Cephalanthus  {sef-al-an' -thus).     See  Button-bush. 

Cephalate    I  j       "">.     head].      In     biology, 

possessing  a  head. 

Cephalea  {sef-al-e* '-ah)  [netpa'kaia,  headache].  Head- 
ache; especially  severe  or  chronic  headache,  with 
intolerance  of  light  and  sound. 

Cephalematocele.     See  Cephalhematocele. 

Cephalematoma.     See  Cephalhematoma. 


<  1  II  I.  \I.1MIA 


279 


(  I  I'll.M  (  1 1  HRYPT<  >R 


Cephalemia  (sef-al-e' -me-'ah)  [kxw'/i/,  head;  aiun, 
blood].  An  abnormal  determination  of  blood  to  tin- 
head. 

Cephaletron  (sef-al-e'  trori)  [«?</>«///,  head  ;  fyrpov,  the 
abdomen].  In  biology,  applied  to  the  anterior  portion 
of  the  body  of  certain  crustaceans. 

Cephalhaematoma  (sef-al-he-mat-o,-mah).  See  Cephal 
hematoma. 

Cephalhematocele  (sef-al-he-maf -o-sil )  [kxjiu/,,  head  ; 
Hum,  blood;    Kij'/i,,  tumor].      An  hematocele  situ.: 
beneath  the  scalp,  and  communicating   with  a  dura! 
sinus. 

Cephalhematoma  (sef-al-he-mat-o' '-mah )  [/>■•  <nu  /, .  head  ; 
ii'imi,  blond;  <«//".  tumor:  />/.,  Cephalhematomata\ 
A  collection  of  blood  between  tin-  pericranium  and 
the  exterior  of  one  or  incur  bones  of  the  skull. 

Cephalhydrocele  (sef-al-hif -dro-sel)  [«oh/;/,  head  ; 
vdup,  water;  *>/,/  //.  tumor].  Effusion  of  cerebral  fluid 
beneath  the  occipitofrontal  aponeuroses  in  fractures 
of  the  skull. 

Cephalic  (sef-al'-ik)  [kx^i//,,  bead].  Pertaining  to 
the  head.  The  terms  Proral,  Cranial.  Rostral, 
.U-ralhave  been  proposed  to  take  the  place  of  Ceph- 
alic. See  Position  and  Direction,  Tabic  of.  C.  In- 
dex. See  Index.  C.  Souffle,  a  blowing  murmur 
sometimes  heard  in  auscultation  of  the  head  ;  a  sign 
of  aneurysm  or  of  anemia.  C.  Vein.  See  Vein. 
C.  Version.  See  Version.  C.  Tetanus.  See 
Kopf-  Tetanus. 

Cephalin  (sef-al-in)  [ke^oHj,  the  head].  An  unstable 
phosphatic  substance  obtained  from  brain-substance; 
it  is  allied  to  lecithin  ;  at  least  live  modifications  of  it 
are  reported  to  exist;   it  is  called  also  Kephalin. 

Cephalitis  (sef-al-i'-tis).     See  Encephalitis. 

Cephalization  {sef-al-iz-a'-slutn)  [Ktoa'/i/,  the  head]. 
In  biology,  Dana's  term  for  that  specialization  the 
tendency  of  which  is  to  concentrate  important  parts 
and  organs  at  the  head  region  of  the  trunk. 

Cephalize  (sef-al-iz)  [kx.hu>,,  head].  To  develop 
head- organs. 

Cephalobranchiate  {scf-al-o-brang' '-ke-at)  [nscpaAr/, 
head;  (3p&yxiat  gills]-  1°  biology  >  with  external 
branchial  tufts  in  the  head-region. 

Cephalocathartic  (sef-al-o-kath-ar'  -tik)  [woe////,  head; 
KaflapTiKdq,  purging].  I.  Purging  or  relieving  the 
head.     2.   A  medicine  that  relieves  the  head. 

Cephalocele  {sef'-al-o-sel)  [Kxm'/ri,  head;  />////;,  tumor]. 
Hernia  of  the  brain;  protrusion  of  a  mass  of  the 
cranial  contents. 

Cephalocentesis  (sef-al-osen-te' -sis)  [iceQaTJ},  head; 
KH-rr/air,  puncture] .    Surgical  puncture  of  the  cranium. 

Cephalocercal  (sef-al-o-ser* -kal)  [ne(paA.-f/,  head;  KtpKoq, 
tail].      In  anatomy,  from  head  to  tail. 

Cephalochord  (sef ' -al-o-kord)  [kx:><u/,,  head;  x°pdv, 
cord].  The  cephalic  portion  of  the  chorda  dorsalis  in 
embryonic  life. 

Cephaloclast  (sef'-al-o-klast).     See  Cephalotribe. 

Cephaloconus  (sefal-o-kc/ -nus)  [kk.hu/,  .  head  ;  Kavog, 
a  cone].  In  biology,  applied  to  one  of  the  processes 
on  the  head  of  a  pteropod. 

Cephalodium  (sef-al-o1 '-de-um)  [KsyaXy,  head;  eMoc, 
form].  In  biology,  one  of  the  outgrowths  on  the 
thallus  of  a  lichen,  and  in  which  gonidia  or  algal 
cells  are  found. 

Cephalodymia  (sef-al-o-diml '-e-ah)  [Kfdcu.ij,  head; 
dbfievat,  to  mingle].  Teratologic  union  of  twins  by 
the  merging  of  their  heads  together. 

Cephalodynia  (sef-al-o-din' '-e-ah)  [netpdhq,  head  ;  bdwq, 
pain].  Rheumatism  affecting  the  occipito-frontalis 
muscle,  the  pain  being  chiefly  experienced  in  the 
forehead  or  occiput,  and  at  times  involving  the 
eyeballs. 


Cephalograph  i     /'  [».'. pa?u/,  head  ; 

to  write],  Aii  instrument  for  recording  the  contours 
of  the  head. 

Cephalography  |  /, ,  bead  ; 

to  write].     A  desi  ription  of  the  head. 

Cephaloid  |  f  al-oid)  [/.  <•„//,.  bead;  eldog,  likeness]. 
Resembling  the  head. 

Cephalology     (sef-al-ol* '-o-je)     \ia<pa7Jj,    head;     > 
science].     Tin    science  ol  cranial  measurements  and 
indications. 

Cephaloma  {sef-al-o* -mah)  [ne^aTd],  head;  "■»/.  tumor: 
pi.,  Cephalomata\  Encephaloid  carcinoma;  soft  car- 
<  inoma. 

Cephalomelus  (sef-al-om' -el-us)  [-.  o»>/, .  head ;   u 
a  part].     A  form  of  double  monster  in  which  there  is 
a  supernumerary  limb  attached  to  tin-  head. 

Cephalomeningitis  (sef-al-o- men-in  ji'-tis)  [wx>',, 
lir.nl;  ii/,rr,-,  a  membrane  ;  trig,  inflammation]. 
Cephalic  meningitis;  inflammation  of  the  cephalic 
meninges. 

Cephalometer  (sef-al-om' '-et-er)  [h-aa//].  head;  mrpov, 
a  measure].      An  instrument  for  measuring  the  head. 

Cephalometry  [sef-al-om' -el-re)  [kx.hu  i,,  head;  fitrpov, 
a  measure],  i.  rhe  use  of  the  cephalometer :  craniom- 
etry. 2.  The  art  of  taking  measurements  of  the 
head  to  determine  the  position  of  the  fissures  and  con- 
volutions of  the  brain. 

Cephalont  (sef'-al-dnt)  [/.></'///,,  head  ;  r), being]. 

In  biology,  that  phase  of  a  gregarine  in  which 
an  epimerite  is  added  to  the  anterior  cyst  or  proto- 
merite. 

Cephalo-orbital  (scf-al-o-or'-bit-al)  [Ketpa/.i/,  head; 
orbita,  an  orbit].  Relating  to  the  cranium  and  orbits 
C.  Index.      See  Index. 

Cephalo-orbito-nasal  (sef-al  o-or-bit-o-na' '  -zal)[Kt:o<u  rt . 
the  head;  orbita,  an  orbit;  nasalis,  of  the  nose].  Re- 
lating to  the  cranium,  orbits,  and  nose. 

Cephalopagus  (sef-al-opf -ag-us)  [hxju'/i,.  head;  -cr,eic, 
joined].  An  ensomphalic  monstrosity  having  the 
heads  united  at  the  top. 

Cephalopathic  (sef-al-o-pathf-ik)    [Kxja/J/,  head ;  - 
disease].      Pertaining  or  belonging  to  a  disease  of  the 
head. 

Cephalopathy  (sef  ' -al-o-path-e)  [Kxja'/.ij,  head  ;  -adoq, 
disease].      Any  disease  of  the  head. 

Cephalophalsia  (sef-al-o-fal'se-ah).  Same  as  Ceph- 
alotripsy. 

Cephalophragm  (sef  '-al-o-fram)  [Keoa'/ij,  head  ;  ftpaypa, 
division].  In  biology,  a  Y-shaped  >eptum  transversely 
dividing  the  head-chamber  of  certain  insects. 

Cephalophyma  {sef-al-o-fi' ->nah\.  Synonym  of  Ceph- 
alhematoma. 

Cephalorrhachidian  (sef-al-o-rak-id'-e-an)  [neipaA.?/ , 
head;  pii\ir,  spine].      Same  as  Cerebrospinal. 

Cephaloscope  (sef'-al-oskof)  [_kx.hu  i, .  head  ;  (jkotteIv, 
to  examine].  A  stethoscope  for  use  in  auscultation 
of  the  head  or  the  ear. 

Cephalo-spinal  (sef-al-o-spi' '-nal).     See  Cerebrospinal. 

Cephalostat   (sef'-al-ostat)  [kxm'/i,,  head;   ioravai,  to 
cause   to    stand].      A    vise    or    clamp    for    holding    a 
patient's  head. 
Cephalostegite  i  S-tej-il)  [KE<paM?,  head  ;  <rr 

a  roof].      In  biology,  the   anterior  or  head  region  of 
the  carapace  of  a  crustacean. 
Cephalot,  or  Cephalote   (sef-al-ot,  or  -lot)  [kxhuui-uc  , 
headed].     A  brown,  resinoid  fat  obtainable  from  brain- 
substance.     Cf.  Cerebrot. 
Cephalothorax     (sef-al-o-thof -ra  [kxoiui,,     head  ; 

•_-,  a    breastplate].      In   biology,  the   anterior  por- 
tion of  the   body  of  an  arthropod  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  head  and  thorax. 
Cephalothryptor  (sef-al-o-thrip'-tor).   See  Cephalotribe. 


HAD  >TOME 


CEREBELD  'I  S 


Cephalotonv-  the  head; 

to  cutl.      I  he  instrument  used  in  pei  alot- 

omy. 

Cephalotomy  head; 

•ion]         1  Ik-  I    ill"-' 

Cephalotnbe 

:i]        An    in>ln;'  the    fetal 

111  . 
Ccphalotripsy 

se]       II.  i  crushing  the  fetal   head 

whi  ible. 

Cephalotnpt.T 
Cephalotroch  .  head  ; 

,u->  .in  or    annelid    larva 
ha-  ilia. 

Cephalous  head].     In    bio] 

Cephaloxi.i  5)  nonym  oi 

Cera  ]       Wax.      A  mixtui  xcid, 

j  the  honey-bee  from 

the  pol  "1   the  leaves  of  plants.      C. 

alba.  ••'•  •■  :  prepared  b)  bleaching  yellow  wax. 

It  redient   of  cerati  oint- 

C.    flava.    yellow    wax;     it    possesses    an 

le  balsamic  odor.     It  is  soluble  in  ether,  hot 

.  and  chloroform. 

Ceraceous  [.  era,     wax].      Waxy;      re- 

Ceramidium  t-id'-e-um)  [nipapog,   pottery].      In 

.  the  urn-shaped   spore-bearing  receptacle  of 
■ 
Cerasein  i  berry-tree].     A  pre 

dpi  tat  e  from  a  tincture  of  the  bark  of  choke-cherry, 
/V.    .  true);   used   as  a  quinin-substi 

tut  a  diaphoretic  and  sedative.      Dose  J  to  io 

grain-.      I  I 
Cerasin  in)    [cerasus,  a  cherry-tree].      I.     An 

ry,  peach,  and    plum 
i!  with  bassorin.      2.   A  crude 
■  if  Choke-cherry,  </.  v. 
Cerasinose  ■  .-,  ,   a  cherry-tree].      A 

■hydrate  isomeric    with  arabinose ;    it 
rry-gum. 
Cerate  ■,   wax].      In   pharmacy,   an   unc- 

m  consisting  of  wax  mixed  with  oils, 
fatt;  ■.-.  and  of  such  a  consistence 

thai  temperatures  it  can  be  readily  spread 

upon  linen  or  muslin,  and  yet  i-  so  linn  that   it  will  not 
•    run  when   applied   to    the    skin.      There   are 
C,  Goulard's.     See  Goulard. 
C,   Hufeland's.      See  Hufeland. 
Ceratectasia  ( \er-at  See  Keratectasia. 

Ceratectom  A',  rectomy. 

Ceratiasis  /Oasis. 

Ceratin  Keratin. 

Ceratitis  Uitis. 

Cerat  See 

Ceratum 

Cerbera  .    g  of  mythology], 

1  world  trees,  several  of 

C.  odollum.  of   India,  has 

I   bark  ;  in,  q.v. 

C.  taughin.  .  highly 

I      20 

Cerberin  ,  0|   mj  thology]. 

Cercana  •  ,,]  ]       Any  ti 

ge    of   larval 


Cercarian  [ser-ka'-re-an)  [xipKOQ,  a  tail].  Any  tre- 
matode,  oi  Buke-worm,  in  the  Cercaria  stage. 

Cerchnus  ( serk'-nus)  \  , rough, hoarse],     Iloarse- 

ness  ;   noisy  respiration. 

Cere  is  See  fudas   Tree. 

Cercomonas  [ser-kom'-o-nas)  [nip/cog,  tail;  w 
monad].  A  genus  of  flagellate  infusorians.  C.  in- 
testinalis,  a  minute  animal  parasite,  a  protozi 
occasionally  found  in  the  fecal  discharges  of  patients 
suffering  with  typhoid  fever,  chronic  diarrhea,  and 
cholera.  Its  pathologic  significance  has  not  yet  been 
ascertained.      C.  urinarius.     See  Bodo. 

Cercus  [ser'-kus)  [/cep/coc,  the  tail  ol  a  beast].  In 
biology,  one  oi  the  antenna-like  structures  projecting 
from  the  hinder  parts  of  certain  insects. 

Cere  i    era,  wax].      In  biology,  that  portion  of  the 

sheath   ot     the   bill    in    certain    birds.  e,  ...  parrot-    and 
bird>  ol  pre),  which  ha-  a  waxy  appearance. 

Cereal  [se/-re-al)  [Ceres,  the  goddess  of  agriculture]. 
I.  Relating  to  edible  grains.  2.  Any  edible  grain  or 
bread-corn  ;  also  the  plant  that  produces  it.  The 
composition  of  the  more  important  cereals  is  thus 
given  by  Bell : — 


Constituents. 

1 
it 

H 

~   5 
a  <n 
u 

it 

= 

'u 
"J 

w    O 
CC    tfl 
V 

"0 

U 

ui 

a 
O 

(/1 

"wi 

c 
U 

V 
N 

'5 

u 

>> 

04 

«  2 
1  = 

si 

1.48 

1.56 

1.03 

5-14 

3-58 

1-43 

0.19 

Starch, 

63-7I 

65.86 

6351 

49.78 

64.66 

61.87 

7766 

Sugar     (as     su- 
crose)  

2-57 

2.24 

1-34 

2.36 

1.94 

4-30 

038 

Albumin  (insolu- 
ble in  alcohol), 

10.70 

7.19 

8.18 

10.62 

9.67 

9.78 

7-94 

Nitrogenous 
matter     (solu- 
ble in  alcohol), 

4-83 

4.40 

3-23 

4-05 

4.60 

5-09 

1.40 

Cellulose,     .   .    . 

3-03 

2.93 

7.28 

13-53 

1.86 

3-23 

Tra- 
ces. 

Mineral   matter, 

1.60 

1.74 

14.08 
100.00 

2.32 

2.66 

1-35 

1.85 

0.28 

Moisture,     .    .    . 

1208 
100.00 

13.06 
100  00 

11.86 
100.00 

12.34 

12.45 

12.15 

Total 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

Cerealin  [sef -re-al-in)  [Ceres,  the  goddess  of  agricul- 
ture]. An  albuminoid  found  in  various  cereals  and 
obtainable  from  bran.      See  Flour. 

Cerebel  1  el).     See  Cerebellum. 

Cerebellar    (ser  [dim.    of    cerebrum].      Re- 

ing  to  the  cerebellum.     C.  Fossa.    See  Fossa.    C. 
Ganglion.     See  Ganglion. 

Cerebellic  [ser-e-bel'-ik).     See  Cerebellar. 

Cerebellitis  {ser-e-bel-i' -fis)   [cerebellum,  a  little  brain; 
,  inflammation],      Inflammation  of  the  cerebellum. 

Cerebellocortex  \ser-e-bel-o-kor' -teks)  [cerebellum,  the 
little  brain;  1 ,  bark].     The  cortex  of  the  ci 

bellum. 

Cerebello-spinal  [ser-e-bel-o-spi' '-nal)  [cerebellum,  tlie 
little  brain  ;  spina,  the  spine].  Relating  to  the  cere- 
bellum and  tin-  spinal  cord. 

Cerebellous  bel'-us).     See  Cerebellar. 


<  EREBELLl  M 


281 


'  I  REBRl  »S1   I  I'll. \  I  Hi 


Cerebellum   (ser-e-bel' -//»/)    [dim.   of  ,;>/■;•«///].      The 
inferior  part  of  the  brain  lying  below  the  cerebrum. 


Inferior  Aspect  of  the  Cerebei.u.m. 

i,i.  Inferior  vermiform  process.  2,  2.  Median  fissure.  3,3,3. 
Lobes  and  Lobules.  4.  Amygdala  or  tonsil  5.  Flocculus, 
subpeduncular  lobe  or  pneumogastric  lobule.  6.  Pons 
varolii.  7.  Median  fissure  of  pons.  8.  Middle  cerebellar 
peduncle.  9.  Medulla  oblongata.  10.  Anterior  extremity  of 
circumferential  fissure  of  cerebellum.  11.  Anterior  border  ot 
superior  surface.  12.  Small  or  motor  root  of  trigeminus.  13. 
Large  or  sensory  root.  14.  6th  nerve.  15  Facial  nerve  16. 
Nerve  of  Wrisberg.  17.  Auditory  nerve.  18  Glosso- 
pharyngeal 19.  Pneumogastric.  20.  Spinal  accessory.  21. 
Hypoglossal. 

Cerebral  [ser'-e-bra!)  [cerebrum,  the  brain].  Relating 
to  the  cerebrum.  C.  Apoplexy.  See  Apoplexy.  C. 
Arteries.  See  Arteries,  Table  of.  C.  Index. 
See  Index.  C.  Maculae,  spots  on  the  skin  caused  by 
slight  irritation,  and  abnormally  persistent.  They  may 
indicate  disorder  of  the  vaso-motor  mechanism.  C. 
Nerves.  See  jVerves,  Table  of.  C.  Pneumonia. 
See  Pneumonia.  C.  Surprise,  the  speedy,  but  not 
long-persistent  stupor  that  often  follows  sudden  mental 
shock  or  grave  lesion  or  injury  of  the  brain.  C. 
Vesicles.     See  Brain-bladder. 

Cerebralgia(.w-t>-/;;v?//-/t'-<7//)  [cerebrum, the  brain;  a/  j  og, 
pain].      Pain  in  the  head. 

CeTebTaUsm{ser/-e-bral-i:/n)[,ere/>r//M.  the  brain].  The 
theory  that  mental  operations  are  due  to  the  activitv  of 
the  brain  ;   or  that  thought  is  a  function  of  the  brain. 

Cerebrasthenia  [ser-e-bras-the/-ne-ah)  [cerebrum,  the 
brain;  aadevf/g,  without  strength].  Cerebral  asthenia. 
See  Phrenasthenia. 

Cerebrasthenic  {ser-e-bras'  -then-ik)  [cerebrum,  the 
brain;  aadevijg,  without  strength].  Characterized  by, 
or  pertaining  to,  cerebrasth'-nia. 

Cerebration  (ser-e-bra'-shun)  [cerebrum ,  the  brain]. 
Mental  and  cerebral  activity.  C.,  Unconscious,  men- 
tal activity  of  which  the  subject  is  not  conscious. 

Cerebria  {ser-e' -bre-ali)  [cerebrum,  the  brain].  Tem- 
porary cerebral  exhaustion  (but  the  term  is  variously 
applied  by  different  writers);  acute,  chronic,  partial, 
and  sympathetic  cerebria  are  among  the  varieties 
described. 

Cerebric  Acid  (se^-e-brik).     Same  as  Cerebrinic  Acid. 

Cerebrifugal  [ser-e-brif -u-gal)  [cerebrum,  the  brain; 
fugere,  to  flee].  Centrifugal;  efferent;  transmitting 
or  transmitted  from  the  brain  to  the  periphery. 

Cerebrin  {str* -e-brin)  [cerebrum,  the  brain],  C17H,  Ni  1 
A  nitrogenous  glucosid  obtained  from  brain-tissue, 
nerves,  and  pus-corpuscles.  It  is  a  light,  colorless,  ex- 
ceedingly hygroscopic  powder.  The  term  has  been 
applied  to  an  "  organic  extract  *'  of  unknown  consti- 
tution, derived  from  brain-tissue. 


Cerebrinacide  1  .  'rum,  the  brain]. 

(  me  of  certain  substances  found  in  brain-tissue,  and 
capable  ol  combining  with  metallic  oxids. 

Cerebrinic  Acid  1  ^er-e-brin'-ik).     See  Acid. 

Cerebripetal  rip/-et-al\    [cerebrum,  the  brain; 

petere,  to  seek],     (  entripetal  ;  afferent  ;    transmitting 
or  transmitted  from  the  periphery  to  the  brain. 

Cerebritis    1  |  urn,   the    brain  ; 

inflammation],     Inflammation  ol  the  proper  substance 
of  the  cerebrum,  due  to  ti  lam- 

mation,  or  septic  influence,  Headache,  possiblj  vom 
iting,and  convulsions  are  the  most  marked  symptoms. 
C,  Enzootic — of  horses.  Also  called  staggers,  or 
mad  staggers.  A  disease  of  horses  in  the  \\  estern 
I  nited  States  caused  by  eating  corn  that  has  been 
attacked  by  a  mold,  Aspergillus  %laucus,  the  -<  >.  1 
which,  finding  lodgment  in  the  kidneys  and  liver, 
germinate  and  cause  derangements  of  the  circulation 
with  central  absi  Neither  mules,  cattle,  nor  pigs 

appear  to  contract  this  disease. 

Cerebrogalactose  (ser-e-brogal-ak'-tos).  Same  as 
C  erebrose. 

Cerebro-hyphoid  (ser-e-bro-hi'-foid)  [cerebrum,  the 
brain;  r<.v/,  tissue  ;  el6og,  likeness].  Resembling  the 
substance  of  the  brain. 

Cerebrol  (ser> '-e-brbl)  [cerebrum ,  brain  ;  oleum,  oil]. 
An  oily,  reddish  fluid  obtainable  from  brain  tissue. 

Cerebroma  \ser-e-bro'  -mah)  [cerebrum,  the  brain;  bfta, 
a  tumor:  //.,  Cerebromata\.  A  growth,  outside  the 
cranium,  that  contains  cerebral  tissue. 

Cerebromalacia  ( xer-e-bro-mal-a' -se-ah)  [cerebrum,  the 
brain;  iia'/MKia,  softness].  Softening  of  the  brain- 
tissue. 

Cerebromedullary  [ser-e-bro-med-uV  -ar-e)  [cerebrum, 
the  brain  ;  medulla,  marrow].  Relating  to  the  brain 
and  spinal  cord. 

Cerebropathy  {ser-e-bropf-a-the)  [cerebrum ,  the  brain  ; 
KaBog,  illness].  I.  A  train  of  symptoms  following  over- 
work and  approaching  the  character  of  insanity.  2. 
Cerebral  disease  in  general. 

Cerebropsychosis  {ser-e-brop-rik-o' -sis)  [cerebrum,  the 
brain;  i.'iq(,w»',  animating].  Mental  disturbance  due 
to  a  disease  of  the  psychic  centers. 

Cerebrosclerosis  [ser-e-bro-skle-rof-sis)  [cerebrum,  the 
brain;  BKhjpbg,  hard].     Sclerosis  of  cerebral  tissue. 

Cerebroscopic  1  ;er-e-bro-skop/-ik)  [cerebri/"/,  the  brain  ; 
GKo~eiv,  to  inspect].      Pertaining  to  cerebroscopy. 

Cerebroscopy  (ser-e-bros' '-ko-pe)  [cerebrum,  the  brain; 
gkotteIv,  to  inspect].  Ophthalmoscopy  in  the  diagno- 
sis of  brain-disease. 

Cerebrose  {ser1 '-e-bros)  [cerebrum,  the  brain],  (  ,  1 1 
A  crystallized  sugar  isomeric   with  glucose,  occurring 
in  brain-tissue. 

Cerebro-sensorial  {ser-e-bro-sen-so1 '-re-al  1   [cerebrum, 
the  brain  ;  sensorium,  the  organ  of  sensation].      Per- 
taining to  the  cerebral  sensorium. 

Cerebroside  {ser* '-e-bro-sid  1  [cerebrum,  the  brain].  One 
of  a  class  of  substances  occurring  in  brain  tissue,  con- 
taining cerebrose,  just  as  tfucosids  contain  glucose. 

Cerebrosis  [ser-e-bro' -sis)  [cerebntm,  the  brain].  Any 
cerebral  disorder. 

Cerebrospinal  (ser-e-bro-  [cerebrum,  the  brain; 

spina,  the  spine].  Pertaining  to  the  whole  of  the 
brain  and  spinal  structure.  C.  Axis.  See  Axis.  C. 
Fluid,  the  fluid  between  the  arachnoid  membrane  and 
the  pia-mater.     C.  Meningitis.      Se<  bro- 

spinal.   C.  System,  the  brain,  spinal  cord,  and  nerves. 

Cerebro-spinant  [ser-e-bro-sp/'-nai/t  )  [cerebrum,  the 
brain  ;  spina,  the  spine].  A  medicine  that  acts  upon 
the  brain  and  spinal  cord. 

Cerebrosulphatid  [ser-e-bro-sul' -fat-id)  [cerebrum,  the 
brain ;  sulphur].    Any  cerebrinacide  containing  sulphur. 


t  1  REBR<  '1 


I   I  Ml  M 


Cerebrot.    Ccrebrote 

the  brain].     A  white,  fatty  principle  obtainable 
1 1  ■  -iit  brain  subs) 

Cerebrotomy  •    brain; 

.   t..   cut].      i:  "i    anatomii    section    oJ 

brain  n- • 
Cerebrum  [1  .  ].      The   chief   portion  ol 

th(  vhole    upper   pari   of   the 

tnium. 
Cerectomy 
Cerencephalot 

Cereolus  A 

lit  ated. 
Cerc-.r.  rite  that  has 

ut  distillation  ;   it  is  used  a-  a  sub- 

Cercus  mill    "J.      A  genus  oi 

C.  grandiflorus.      See    Night- 

Cerevisi^  [I..].     Ale  or  beer.     C.fer- 

mentum,  I  be  ferment  obtained  in  brew- 

revisice. 
ates  of  the  system.      Dose  ^ss-j. 
Cenn  .  wax].     An  ether  of  cerotic  acid  ; 

-  found  in  wa\. 
Cerise  cherry-tree].      A  pigment  of 

I  i  of. 

Cerium  *)  [named  after  the  planet  Ceres].     Ce 

i.     .      [uantivalence    n,    iv.       ( >ne    of    the    rarer 

e  Elements,  Tabic  of.     C.    oxalas,  Ce2- 

,11  <  •,  a  white,  granular  powder,  insoluble  in 

ilcohol,  but    soluble  in   hydrochloric  acid. 

The  oxalate  is   the  only  salt  commonly  employed  in 

medicine.      It  i>  a  gastric  sedative  useful  in  the  vomit- 

j-x,  in    pill.     C.  val- 
erianate ha  used  in  the  same  class  of  cases, 
gl 
Ceromel  w  i>        m/i,     honey]. 
1 1'  mey  cerate  ;   wax  one  part,  honey  two  or  four  parts. 
It  :                         wounds  and  ulcers,  chiefly  in   Asiatic 
■ 
Ceroplastic  \se-ro-plas'-tik)   [tajpbc,  wax ;    wXaaaetv,  to 
aid].      Modeled,  or  as  if   modeled,  in   wax].      C. 
Catalepsy.    See  Catalepsy. 
Ceroplasty    |  e,-ro-plas-te)    [ioip6g,  wax  ;     -'/ aaoeiv ,  to 
mould].       The  modeling  of  anatomic  preparations   in 

Cerosin  .wax].     A  waxdike  substance 

r    grayish  green  coating  on  somi 
When  purified,  it  yields  fine, 

Cerosis  !  .  wax].      That  morbid  condi- 

tnbrane  in  which  it  seems  to  consisl  of  wax- 

lik' 

Cerotene  •  ,  ■  |      An  alkylen  or  ole- 

from  Chinese  wax;  it  melts  at 

Cerotic  Acid  otic. 
Certificate                               [certificate,  to  certify].     A 

wril  of  birth 
th. 
Cerulean  Blue. 

Cerulein  ,,,„    Green,  one 

of  tl  , ,  of. 

Cerumer  rhe  wax  of  the  ear. 

Ceruminous  Pertaining 

Ceruse  i     \\  hite  lead  : 

\     while 
C.  of  antimony,  white  oxid  of  anti 


Cervical  |      rvix,    the   neck].      Pertaining 

to  the  neck,  or  to  the  cervix  uteri.  C.  Carcinoma, 
carcinoma  of  the  neck  oi  the  \\<nnb.  C.  Choke,  in 
the  horse,  the  lodgment  of  a  foreign  bod}  in  the 
phagus  at  any  point  between  the  "  throat  -latch"  and 
the  shoulder.  C.  Endometritis.  See  Endometritis. 
C.  Pregnancy,  a  rate  condition  in  which  from  atrophy 
i  it  the  decidual  membranes  the  impregnated  ovum  is  not 
properly  held  in  place,  and  dropping,  lodges  in  the 
rvical  canal,  where  it  develops  until  the  uterus,  not 
being  able  to  hold  it  longer,  expels  it. 

Cervicen  [ser^-vis-en)  [cervix,  the  neck].  Belonging 
solely  to  the  cervix. 

Cervicicardiac  [ser-vis  ik  ix,  the  neck  ; 

Kapdld,  the  heart].  Relating  to  the  neck  and  the 
heart,    as    the    cervicicardiac    nerves,    brain  lies    of   the 

\  agus. 

Cerviciplex  {ser1 ' -vis-ip-leks)  [cervix,  the  neck  ;  plexus, 
a  network].      The  cervical  plexus. 

Cervicitis  [ser-vis-if -tis)  [cervix,  the  neck;  trig,  inflam- 
mation].     Inflammation  of  the  cervix  uteri. 

Cervicobrachial  [ser-vik-o-bra' -ke-al)  [cervix,  the 
neck  ;  brachium, the  arm].  Relating  to  the  neck  and 
the  arm. 

Cervico-bregmatic  [ser-vik-o-breg-maf '-ik)  [cervix,  the 
neck;  Qptyfta,  the  sinciput].  Relating  to  the  cervix 
or  nucha  and  the  bregma. 

Cervicodynia  [ser-vik-t  -din' '-e-ak)  [cervix,  the  neck  ; 
bdi .  //.  pain].     Cramp  or  neuralgia  of  the  neck. 

Cervico-facial  [ser-vik-o-fa'-shal)  [cervix,  neck; 
fades,  face].      Relating  to  the  neck  and  the  face. 

Cervico-occipital  (ser-vik-o-ok-sip/-it-al)  [cervix,  the 
neck;  occiput,  the  back  of  the  head].  Relating  to 
the  neck  and  the  back  of  the  head. 

Cervico-orbicular  {ser-vik-o-or-bik'  -u-lar)  [cervix, 
neck;  orbicularis,  circular].  Relating  to  the  neck 
and  the  orbicular  muscle. 

Cervico-vaginal  [ser-vik-o-vaj' '-in-al)  [cervix,  the 
neck  ;  vagina,  a  sheath].  Relating  to  the  cervix  uteri 
and  the  vagina. 

Cerviculate  [ser-vik' '-u-ldl)  [cervicula,  a  little  neck]. 
In  biology,  having  a  slender  neck. 

Cervix  [serf-inks)  [L.].  The  neck;  also  the  posterior 
part  of  the  neck.  Applied  also  to  constricted  parts 
of  other  organs,  as  the  cervix  of  the  bladder,  or  of 
the  penis.  C.  Uteri,  the  neck  of  the  womb.  C. 
Vesicae,  the  neck  of  the  bladder. 

Ceryl  (sc'-ril)  [era,  wax],  < ' ..  1  I  ,  An  organic  radical 
found  in  combination  in  beeswax. 

Cerylene  {se'-ril-eu).     See  Cerotene. 

Cesarean,  orCaesaiean,  Operation  {se-za'-re-anop-er- 
a'-shun)   [cadere,    to  cut].     Extraction    of  the  fetus 
through  an  incision  made  in  the  abdomen.    C.  O.,  Con- 
servative, the  removal  of  the  fetus  through  an  open 
ing  in  the  anterior  abdominal   wall,  without   removing 
the  uterus  or  its  appendages.  CO.,  Elective,  one  done 
at  a  selected  time  prior  to  labor.      C.  O.,  Improved. 
See   Singer's  Operation,  Porro's  Operation,  etc.     C. 
O.,  Post-mortem,  extraction  of  the  child  after  the 
mother's  death.     For  the  various  methods  proposed  ol 
performing  the  Cesarean  Operation,  see  Gastro-elytro 
tomy,     Laparo-elytrotomy ,    Gastro-hysterectomy,    Ga 
tro- hysterotomy,  and  the  operations  of  Porro,  San 
Porro-Muller,    Kehrer,    and     Thomas,  under    Opera- 
tions,   Tabic  of. 

Cesarean  Section.     See  Operations,   Tabic  of. 

Cesium,  or  Caesium  (se'-ze-um)  [I...  "bluish-gray"], 
1  [32.6;     quantivalence     1.       A     rare    alkaline 

metal    resembling   potassium  in  physical  and  chemii 
properties.     C.  bromid,  like  the  other  bromids,  is  a 
good  sedative,  but  its  cost   is  very  great.      The  oxalate 
and     nitrate    have    also    been   employed    medicinally. 


CESP1  rosE 


283 


CHAM(  US  SKIN 


Unof.     C.  chlorid,  unof. ,  lowers  the  pulse  rate  and 

raises  the  arterial  pressure.      I 'use  gr.  ij— v. 

Cespitose  (ses'-pit-os)  \caspes,  a  turf  or  sod].  In  biology, 
growing  in  or  characterized  by  tangled  or  matted  tufts. 

Cesspool  [ses* '-pool ')  [E.  dial.,  suss,  a  puddle;  Ml.., 
poof].     A  reservoir  for  water ;  a  privy. 

Cestoid,  or  Cestode  {ses^-toid,  or  .  '  tod)  [(c«JT<$f,  a  gir- 
dle ;  eldoc,  likeness].  Shaped  like  a  girdle,  or  ribbon; 
applied  to  worms,  of  which   Tania  is  a  type. 

Cetacea  {se~ta' -se-ah  )  \cetus,  a  whale].  An  order  of 
mammals  living  in  the  sea,  as  the  whale,  dolphin,  etc. 

Cetaceum  [se-ta' '-se-um)  [I..:  gen.,  Cetacei].  Sperma- 
ceti. A  fatty  substance  somewhat  resembling  paraffin 
in  its  physical  properties.  It  is  obtained  from  the  head 
of  the  sperm  whale,  Pkyseter  macrocephalus.  It  is 
soluble  in  ether,  chloroform,  and  boiling  alcohol,  and 
is  employed  only  as  an  emollient.  C,  Ceratum, 
contains  spermacti  10,  white  wax  35,  olive  oil  55  parts. 
C,  Ung.  (1!.  P.),  contains  spermaceti,  while  wax, 
almond  oil,  and  benzoin. 

Cetraria  {se-tra' -re-ah  )  \ccetra,  a  short  Spanish  shield]. 
I.  A  genus  of  lichens.  2.  Iceland  moss.  A  lichen, 
C.  Islandica,  found  in  Iceland  and  other  northern 
countries.  It  contains  a  form  of  starch,  Lichenin,  that 
gelatinizes  when  boiled  with  water.  It  is  a  feebly 
tonic  demulcent,  sometimes  recommended  in  pulmon- 
ary affections.  C,  Decoct.,  contains  five  per  cent,  of 
the  lichen.     Dose  ^ij-iv. 

Cetrarin  {se-tra'-rin)  [ccetra,  a  short  Spanish  shield]. 
The  bitter  principle  of  Iceland  moss,  crystallizing  in 
fine  needles,  and  nearly  insoluble  in  water. 

Cetyl  {set-til)  [cetits,  a  whale],  C1BH.W.  An  alcoholic 
radical  existing  in  beeswax  and  spermaceti. 

Cetylid  (se' -til-id)  \cetus,  a  whale],  C22H4205. 
Geoghegan's  term  for  the  substance  in  the  brain  that 
reduces  alkaline  solutions  of  cupric  salts. 

Cevadilla  {sev-ad-W '-ah).     See  Cebadilla. 

Cevadillin  {sev-ad-iP -in)  [cevadilla],  Ca4H53NOs.  An 
uncrystallizable  alkaloid  obtained  from  cevadilla. 

Cevadin  (sev'-ad-in),  C.,.,1 1,,,\09.  A  crystalline  alkaloid 
of  cevadilla.     See  Veratrin. 

Ceylon  Sickness.      See  Beriberi. 

Chabert's  Disease.      See  Diseases,  Table  of. 

Chseraphrosyne  {ke-rafros'-in-e)  [jo/pe<v,  to  rejoice  ; 
wppoovVTj,  senselessness].      Amenomania. 

Chaeromania  (ke-ro-ma' -ne-afi)  \j(aXptiv,  to  rejoice ; 
uuvta,  madness].      Amenomania. 

Chaeta  {ke'-tak)  \_xatTTli  a  l°ng  hair].     A  bristle. 

Chaetophorous  \ke-tojf-or-us)  [xaLr'h  a  l°ng  hair ; 
cpepeiv,  to  bear].      In  biology,  bearing  bristles. 

Chaffbone  [chaf-bon)  [AS.,  ceaf,  husk;  ban,  a  bone]. 
A  name  for  the  inferior  maxilla. 

Chagres  Fever.     See  Fever. 

Chain  [c/idn)  [ME.,  chaine,  a  chain].  1.  A  series  of 
connected  links  of  metal,  etc.  2.  In  chemistry,  a 
group  of  like  atoms  joined  together  by  chemic  affinity 
without  the  intervention  of  atoms  of  another  kind. 
C.  Ecraseur,  an  ecraseur  of  which  a  chain  forms 
the  cutting  part.  C.-saw,  a  surgeon's  saw,  the  teeth 
of  which  are  linked  together  like  a  chain. 

Chair  {char)  ['SIE.,  chaire,  a  chair].  1.  A  seat  of 
office,  as  that  of  a  professor.  2.  A  piece  of  furniture 
consisting  of  a  seat  with  a  back  support.  C,  Vibra- 
ting. See  Shaking  Cure.  C,  Whirling,  a  revolv- 
ing-chair in  which  formerly  a  maniacal  patient  was 
rapidly  whirled.  This  was  regarded  as  both  a  seda- 
tive and  a  curative  procedure. 

Chalastic  {kal-as'-tik)  \_xomkjtik6s,  making  supple]. 
1.  Emollient,  softening.  2.  An  emollient  or  laxative 
medicine. 

Chalastodermia  {kal-as-to-der4 '-me-ah).  Synonym  of 
Dermatolysis. 


Chalaza  {kal-a'-zah)  [;£<£Aafa,  a  hailstone].  In  biology, 
one  of  the  twisted  cords  binding  tin-  yolk-bag  of  an 
egg  to  the  lining  membrane  oi  the-  shell  ;  or  that  pari 
of  a  seed  where  it-  coats  unite  with  each  other  and  the 
nucli 

Chalazion  {kal-af -ze-on)  [  \u'/<uii,,  ,  a  small  hail-tone]. 
A  tumor  oi  the  eyelid  from  retain.. I  secretion  of  the 
Meibomian  glands:   a  Meibomian  cyst. 

Chalazonephritis    {kal-a-zo-n  \  1    >>...'.   hail; 

•'./  ,    tli.-    kidney;    trig,    inflammation].     Granular 
nephritis. 

Chalicosis  [kal-ik-o'-sis)  [x<i'//~,  gravel].  A  disease 
of  the  lung-  of  workmen  caused  bj  the  inhalation  of 
dust  or  -and. 

Chalk  {chawk)  [WE..,  chalk,  lime],  f  'arbonate  of  lime. 
See  Calcium.  C.  Stone,  gout -tone — a  deposit  be- 
neath the  skin  in  gouty  patient-. 

Chalot's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Chalybeate  (ka-lib'-e-at)  [x"/r'\  iron].  Containing 
iron. 

Chalybs  (ka'-libz)  [I..].      See  Ferrum. 

Chamber    {chamf-ber)    [ME.,  chamber,  a  room].      A 
cavity  or  space.     C,  Anterior    (of  the  eye),  the  space 
between  the  cornea  and  the  iris.      C,   Posterior 
the  eye),  the  space  between    the    iris  and  the  lens. 
The  chambers  of  the  eye  contain  the  aqueous  humor. 

Chamberlaine's  Operations.    See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Chamberland's  Bougie  or  Filter.      See  lifer. 

Chamecephalic  [kam-e-sef-al' -ik)  [  \miin.  low  ;  Kioa'//,, 
head].      Characterized  by  chamecephaly. 

Chamecephalous  {Jcam-e-sef  -al-us).  See  Chame- 
cephalic. 

Chamecephaly  (kam-e-sef '-al-e)  \_\<uiai,  low;  m  <»;//,. 
head].  In  craniometry,  that  condition  of  the  skull  in 
which  the  cephalic  index  is  700  or  less.  A  flat  and 
receding  skull. 

Chameconcha  (kam-e-kong'-kali)   \_\auai ,  low  ;  /,< 
orbit].      In     craniometry,    an     orbital     index     below 
80.01.  ° 

Chameconchous  {kam-e-cong> '-kus)  \_\ana-.  low; 
Kdyxi,  concha].  In  craniometry,  having  an  orbital 
index  of  not  more  than  8o°. 

Chamecranious  {kam-e-kra* -ne-us)  [ x"""'*  'mv  i 
Kpavinv,  skull].  In  craniometry,  having  the  greatest 
length  of  the  skull  proportioned  to  its  height. 

Chameleon  Mineral  \kam-e'-le-on  min'-er-al).  An 
old  name  for  a  crude  mixture  of  potassium  manganate 
with  potassium  nitrate. 

Chamelirin  {kam-el-ir* '-in)  \_\anai.  ground;  '/t'tpiov, 
lily].  A  poisonous  glucosid  from  Charmelirion  lute  urn  : 
it  is  a  strong  heart-depressant. 

Chamelirion  {kam-el-ir' -e-on)   [  \<nmi,  ground  :  > 

lily].  A  genus  of  liliaceous  plants  having  active 
medicinal  and  poisonous  properties.  C.  luteum,  or 
carolinianum,  of  the  U.  S.  (called  Helonias  dioica), 
is  a  uterine  tonic  and  diuretic.       Unof. 

Chameopisthius  {kam-e-o-pis' '-the-u  [\<nmi,  low; 
bn'ujduni].  In  craniometry,  Lissauer's  term  for  a  skull 
in  which  the  angle  between  the  radius  fixus  and  the 
line  joining  the  hormion  and  the  lambda  is  from  170 
to  24.50. 

Chameprosopic       {kam-e-pro-sof  [\<iu<i<.     low; 

-p6ao)7rov,  face].  Low  faced;  having  the  zygomatic 
facial  index  below  900. 

Chamocephalic  {kam-o-sef-al* '-ik)  [\a/mi,  on  the 
ground,  low;   KEtyaki],  head].      See  Chamecephalic. 

Chamois    Leather     {sham'-wah,    or    sham'-.  See 

Leather. 

Chamois-skin  {sham'-wah-,  or  sham'-e-skin).  Properly 
the  skin  or  tanned  leather  of  the  chamois;  now  pre- 
pared from  split  sheep-skin.  It  is  used  in  surgery  and 
for  underclothing. 


<   ll.Wb  'Mil  I 


284 


CHEDDAR  CHE]  SI 


Chamomile  and   Mc 

Chamoprosopic  .    on     the 

iund  ;    - 
Champagne  enl  « ine 

times    prescribed  as  a  n  med)   tor 
and  vomitii  . 
Champak  V  mi 

d     Indo  <  lima. 
Its  hig  used   tor 

ii.l  emmi 

Chancebone  un<    foi  the  ischium. 

Chancre  i.,  same]      A   term  formerly 

:    an]  primarj  venereal   ul<  er, 
ba)  gnif)  the  initial  lesion 

.1  mil-  n  followed  b)  constitu- 

tional   sym|  ;    while  chancroid  is 

em  ate  the  infectious  but  non-consti- 

tut:  C    Hard,    Hunterian,    Indurated, 

Infecting,  Non-suppurating,  or  True,  the  ulcer  of 
igin,    that    i-    followed    by    constitutional 
C,     Non-incubatory,     Non-infecting, 
Simple,    or    Soft,    a   contagious,   suppurating,   non- 
ulcer,    properly  called    chancroid. 
C  .  Phagedenic,  chancroid   with  a  tendency  to  ero- 
C,    Serpiginous,  a    variety  of  the    last    that 
-  superficially  in  curved  lines. 
Chancroid  \\chancre\    A  local,  infective 

transmitted  by  sexual  intercourse,  and  charai 
terized    by    ulceration,   local    glandular    involvement, 
suppuration.      It  ha-  been  variously  termed 
indurated,    simple,   or    non-syphilitic 
chan  ■ 
Change  ME.,     \an    n,  to  change].     Death. 

The  word  i-  colloquially  u.-ed  either  for  the  establish 

•it  "T  the  cessation  of  the  menstrual  function.    C.  of 

Life,  th  'ii  of  the  catamenia  ;  iopause. 

Channel-bone    (chan'-el-bon)    [ME.,  cte/,  a  canal; 

He],     The  clavicle. 
Chantreuil's    Method.      In    pelvimetry,  a    method  of 
■•naming  the  distance  between  the  tuberosities  of 
tlv  i ;  i  m.  i  in  estimating  the  size  of  the  pelvic 

tlet.      Ili    two  thumbs  are  placed  upon  the  tuberosi- 
ssistant  measures  the  distance  between 
them. 
Chap  ME.,    happen,  to  cleave],      i.   The  jaw 

■uallyin  the  pi.).     2.   A  slight  or  superficial  fissure 
.  usually  upon  the  lips,  hands,  or  nipples. 
Chaptalization    [chap-tal-iz-a'-shun).       A     method    of 
ini;  isisting  in  neutralizing  the  excess 

ity  in  the  must  by  the  addition  of  marble-dust, 

mtenf   by  the  addition 

■1    quantity  of     cane-sugar.      The    wine 

in    alcohol,  poorer   in    acid,  and  the 

njured 

Charbon  [l'r]-     Thi     French     term    for 

Charcoal  ME.,  ]       Coal   made  by 

if  smothered  combustion. 
u 
Charcot   Pain.      Pain  in  the  ovarian  region. 
Charcot's  Disease, .  Disseminated, 

multiple,  or  insular 

C.'s  joint,  or  Joint  Disease.    See  Arthropathia  and 

C.-Leyden  Crystals, microscopic, 

rhomboidal  crystals  found  in 

and  broni  hitic  patients  ; 
Veumann 

C.'s  Method.     See  Hypn  - 


(ism.  C. -Neumann  Crystals.  See  Sp>  rniin.  C.- 
Robin Crystals,  crystals  forming  upon  leukemic 
blood  when  allowed  to  stand  exposed  for  a  few  days. 
C.'s  Vibrating  Arm-chair.      See  Shaking  due. 

Charlatan  [shar* '-laf-an)  [Sp.,  charlar,  to  prattle].  A 
quack  ;  a  pretender  to  medical  skill  ;  an  advertising 
.1'  ictor. 

Charlatanoid      [sliar'-lat-an-oid)     [Sp..    char/ar,    to 
prattle].      A  term  applied   to  an  organism  so  closely 
milling  a  charlatan   as  at   times  to  be  almost  in- 
distinguishable. 

Charles's  Law.      See  Lino. 

Charpie  [shar'-pe)  \carpere,  to  pluck].  Picked  or 
shredded  lint  ;  linen  shred-  for  dressing  wound-. 

Charqui  [char,-ke)  [Chilian],  A  name  given  in  South 
Aim  lira  to  strip-  and  slices  of  beef  freed  from  fat  and 
dried  rapidly  by  sun-heat  and  -prinkled  with  maize. 

Charriere's  Guillotine.  An  instrument  for  excising 
the  tonsils.      See   Operations,  Tabl 

Charta  [kar* 'tali)  [  xiipn/r,  pa]  and  pi.,  Chart.,  ]  . 

A  paper.  In  pharmacy,  a  strip  of  paper  as  an  ex<  ip- 
ient,  the  fibers  of  which  are  impregnated  with  the 
prescribed  medicinal  substance.  Also  a  wrapper  for 
holding  powders  or  medicines.  Of  the  three  official 
chart,,-,  two  are  intended  as  vesicants.  C.  epispas- 
tica,  or  C.  cantharidis,  blistering-paper.  C.  em- 
poretica,  porous  or  bibulous  paper.  C.  exploratoria, 
test-paper.      C.  sinapis,  mustard-paper. 

Chartreuse  (shar-treP)  [Fr.].  A  tonic  cordial,  ob- 
tained by  distillation  from  various  plants  growing  on 
the  Alps. 

Chartula  [kartf -u-laK)  [dim.  of  charta~\.  A  little  paper, 
especially  a  paper  containing  a  single  dose  of  a  medic- 
inal powder. 

Chasma  [kaz'-mah),  or  Chasmus  (iaz'-mus)  [%ao(i6st 
a  gaping].      A  yawn. 

Chassaignac's  Operations.   See  Operations,   Tabic  of. 

Chaste  Tree  [chast  /re).     See  Agnus  casttts. 

Chaulmugra  Oil  {chawl-moog'-raK)  [E.  Ind.].  \ 
fixed  oil  expressed  from  the  seed>  of  Gynocardia  odor- 
a/a,  a  tree  native  to  the  E.  Indies.  It  is  soluble  in 
alcohol,  and  its  properties  are  due  to  gynocardic  acid. 
It  is  thought  to  be  useful  in  leprosy  and  is  recom- 
mended in  scaly  eczema,  psoriasis,  and  syphilitic  skin- 
affections.  For  external  use,  gr.  xx  of  the  acid  ad 
f,'}  of  petrolatum.  Internally,  dose  gtt.  v-x  of  the 
oil,  or  gr.  ss-iij  of  the  acid,  in  capsules.      All  unof. 

Chaussier,  Line  of.     See  Lines.   Table  of. 

Chautard's  Test.     See   Tests,   laid. 

Chauvel's  Operation.     See  Operations,    Table  of. 

Chavibetol  [chav-e-be/-tol)  \chavica,  or  piper;  betel], 
CjqHjjOjj.  A  substance  isomeric  with  eugenol ;  it 
occurs  in  oil  of  betel. 

Chavica  (chav/-ik-ah)  [native  South  Sea  Island  name]. 
A  genus  of  plants  including  the  long  pepper  and  betel- 
pepper. 

Chavicin  [chat/ -is-in)  \chavica,  a  genus  of  plants] .  An 
organic  basii  pri  inalogous  to  piperin,  found  in 

pepper. 

Chavicol  {cha-i/ -ik-oT)  \chavica,  a  genu-  of  plant-], 
1 \  1 1  (<  >]  1  1  1 1  .  A  substance  occurring  in  the  oil 
obtained    from    tin-    leave-    oi  a    betel.       Il 

colorless  oil  with  a  peculiar  odor,  and  boils  at  2370; 
its  sp.  gr.  at  2d°  i>  1. 035. 

Chawstick  [chaw'-stik).  -wstick. 

Check  (click)  [MP..,  click,  a  sudden  -to]'].  Something 
restraining.  C. -experiment.  See  Control.  C- 
ligament.  See  Ligament.  C. -observation.  Si  e 
(  ontrol. 

Checker-berry  [click' -cr-ber'-e).  A  popular  name  for 
Gaultheria  procumb 

Cheddar  Cheese.     Si  1    (  'h  esc. 


I   I II.  IK 


•j-:. 


<   IIEMOSIS 


Cheek  [chik)  [ME.,  cheie].     The  side  of  the  face;    it 
is  com] mi-.-.  1  . 1 1  fat,  aivolai  tissue,  muscles,  etc. 

Cheese  [chlz)  [ME.,  chase'].  A  food  prepared  fromtbe 
casein  of  skimmed  or  unskimmed  milk.  I"  the  fol- 
lowing table  the  results  of  the  researches  of  Payen  on 
the  composition  of  cheese  are  quoted  in  loo  part-  foi 
the  following  kind-.:  (i)  Brie,  (2)  Camemberl 
Roquefort,  (4)  DouU.  cream,  15)  <  >Id  Neufchatel, 
(6)  New  Neufchatel,  (7)  I  heshire,  (8)  Gruyere, 
Ordinary  Dutch,  (10)  Parmesan.  The  varieties  under 
I,  exhibit  an  alkaline  reaction,  and  contain,  with 
ammonia,  cryptogamic  plants,  or,  as  it  is  termed,  are 
moldy.  l'he  varieties  under  II,  so-called  boiled, 
strongly  pressed,  and  salted  cheese,  exhibit  an  acid 
reaction,    as     also     does     freshly     prepared     casein. 


I. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

45.20 

51.90 

34-5° 

9-50 

34-50 

Nitrogenous  matter, 

18.50 

18.90 

26.50 

18.40 

13.00 

Nitrogen, 

2-93 

3  00 

4.21 

2.92 

3-31 

Fatty  matters,  .   .   . 

25-7° 

21.00 

30.10 

59-90 

41.90 

5  60 

4.70 

5.00 

6.50 

3.60 

Non -nitrogenous  ~i 
organic    matter  > 
and  loss,               J 

5.00 

4-5° 

3-90 

570 

7.00 

II. 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

Water 

36.60 

35-9° 

40.00 

36.10 

27.60 

Nitrogenous  matter, 

8.00 

26.00 

31-50 

29.40 

44.10 

Nitrogen 

1  27 

4-13 

5.00 

4.80 

7.00 

Fatty  matters,  .    .    . 

40.70 

26.30 

24.00 

27-50 

16.00 

0.50 

4  20 

3.00 

0.90 

5-70 

Non  -  nitrogenous  J 
organic    matter  > 
and  loss,               j 

14.20 

7.60 

1.50 

6.10 

6.60 

The  character  of  a  few  of  the  different  varieties  of 
cheese  is  as  follows :  Neufchatel  cheese  is  a  Swiss 
cream  cheese.  Limburger  cheese  is  a  soft,  fat  cheese. 
Fromage  de  Brie  is  a  soft  French  cheese,  rapidly  ripen- 
ing and  developing  ammoniacal  compounds.  Camem- 
bert  cheese  is  also  a  cream  cheese.  Roquefort  cheese 
is  a  cheese  made  from  the  milk  of  the  ewe.  Gruyere 
cheese  is  a  peculiarly  flavored  Swiss  cheese.  Ched- 
dar cheese  is  a  hard  cheese  made  from  whole 
milk.  Single  and  double  Gloucester  are  made, 
the  first  from  a  mixture  of  skimmed  and  entire 
milk,  and  the  second  from  the  entire  milk.  Parmesan 
cheese  is  a  very  dry  cheese,  with  a  large  amount  of 
casein  and  only  a  moderate  percentage  of  fat.  Eidam 
cheese    is  a   Dutch    cheese,  also    relatively  dry,    and 


covered    with    red    coloring.      As    to   the    bacillus   of 
cheese    see    Spirillum    tyrogenum,    1  ,    under 

B  ii  teria,  Table  of. 

Cheese-rennet  (chi  '  ren  ef\.      See  Ladi   '  Bed-strcno. 

Cheesy  (chlz' -e)[ME. ,  chese\.     Of  the  nature  ol 

C.  Degeneration,  caseous  degeneration,  or  caseation. 
C.    Tubercle,    a    mass    of    caseously  ited 

tissue. 

Cheil-,  or  Cheilo-  (/■//-,  or  kil'-o-).  For  words  thus 
beginning  see  <  'hil  ,  or  ( 'hit 

Cheiro-  Ikir'-o).     lor  word-,  thus  beginning  see  Ch 

Chekan.  or  Cheken  [chek'-en)  [Chilian].  1. 
leaves  ol  Eu  enia  cheken,  a  South  American  shrub. 
It-  properties  are  due  to  an  alkaloid  and  a  volatile  oil. 
It  is  diuretic  and  expectorant  and  similar  in  action  to 
eucalyptus.  It  is  serviceable  in  chronic  catarrh,  laryn- 
gitis, etc.  Dose  of  the  fluid  extract  ^  ss-j.  L'nof.  2. 
The  crude  resin  obtained  from  Cannabis  indi 

Chela  [ke'-lah)  [xvM .  a  claw].  In  biology,  the  claw 
or  pincers  of  a  crustacean. 

Chelicera  [ke-lis' -er-aK)  [  \ /,'//,.  a  1  lav  .  a  horn]. 

In  biology,  a  claw-like  appendage  of  scorpion-  and 
spiders,  containing  a  poison-gland  in  the  latter. 

Chelidonic  Acid  [kel-td-on'-ik).     See  Acid. 

Chelidonin  [kel-id-o' '-nim  [1  landine],  l 

H,TN,().,  -  II,<  >,orC19H17N<  >,.  A  crystalline  alkaloid 
of  celandin  [Chelidomum  ma/us),  of  a  bitter  and  acrid 
taste,  and  forming  colorless  salts  with  acids.  It  is  not 
a  very  active  substance.      See  Sanguinarin. 

Chelidonium  [kel-id-o' '-ne-uni)  \_xzkt66vurv,  celandine]. 
Celandin.  The  leaves  and  stems  of  C.  majus,  with 
properties  due  to  a  number  of  alkaloids  and  acids.  It 
is  a  drastic  cathartic,  and  externally  an  irritant,  and  i- 
of  service  in  jaundice,  whooping-cough,  and  catarrhal 
pneumonia.  Dose  of  the  plant  gr.  x-xxx ;  of  the 
juice  rr^v-xx.      Unof. 

Chelidoxanthin  [kel-id-oks-anf -thin)  \yt^-^bvwn> ,  celan- 
dine]. (  )ne  of  the  bitter,  crystalline  constituents  of 
celandin. 

Cheloid  (ke/-loid)  \_xi'AV,  a  claw;  eliJoc,  form].  A  raised 
or  elevated  fibroma  of  the  skin  ;  so  called  from  its  fre- 
quent claw-shape.      See  also  Keloid. 

Cheloma  [ke-lo'-tnaK).     Same  as  Keloid. 

Chelonin  {kel'-on-in).     See  Balmoiiv. 

Chelotomy  [ke-lot'-o-me).     See  Kelotomy. 

Chematropism  (kem-at'-ro-pizm).  See  Ckemotropism , 
and  Chemotaxi  . 

Chernic,  Chemical  [kem'-ik,  iem/-ik-al)  [xi'LFia, 
chemistry].  Of  or  pertaining  to  chemistry.  C.  Black. 
See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  C.  Food,  compound 
syrup  of  the  phosphates,  a  very  complex  preparation 
used  in  disorders  attended  with  impaired  nutrition.  C. 
Lung.  See  Neale 's  Lung.  C.  Pathology,  the 
chemistry  of  disease. 

Chemico-radical  Theory.  A  theory  of  the  constitution 
of  the  carbon  compounds.  It  is  that  the  object  of 
organic  chemistry  is  the  investigation  and  isolation  of 
radicals  as  the  more  intimate  components  of  the  organic 
compounds. 

Chemiotaxis,  Chimiotaxis  {kem'-e-o-taks-is,  kim'-e-o- 
taks-is).     See  Chemotaxis. 

Chemise,  Rectal  [she-mis').  A  form  of  sunncal 
dressing  made  of  muslin  and  applied  after  operations 
upon  the  rectum  to  control  or  prevent  hemoirha^e. 

Chemism  [kem'-i&m)  [  x>/uein,  chemistry].  Chemic 
force. 

Chemistry  (kem'-is-tre)  [t^i/f/n,  chemistry].  The  sci- 
ence of  the  molecular  and  atomic  structure  of  bodies. 

Chemocephalus  [kem-o-sefr-al-tis]  [  yaum ,  low  ;  Kfon/ij, 
head].      An  individual  possessed  of  a  flat  head. 

Chemosis  [ke-mt/sis)  [  yi/iiunic.  a  gaping].  Conjunc- 
tival and  siib-conjunctival  swelling. 


CHEMOTACTIC 


I   1 1 1 1 :  1<  1    I  'S  I  (PERATION 


Chemotactic  chemisl 

.\  ]       I  relating  t"  i  bem- 

ix  is. 
Chemotaxia  .   Chemiotaxis 

ge  ]. 
lular  atii  ad  repulsion.      It 

is  .  tituents  of  tl 

-   by 
1  he  quali- 

the  |'li> ■■■ 
Chemouc  ng]       Pertaining 

Chemotropism  chemistry; 

putting    to    flight].     In 
i  .1  by  |'li. i.  |    the 

over  bacteria,  or  of   ba<  i 
gy,  the  attraction  of   leu- 
held  in  solution 
in  •  '..  either  positive  or  negative,     (f.  Ch 

Chenopodium 

American   Wormseed;    tin- fruit  of  C. 

linticum,  a  plant  native  to   the 

Ui  due  to  a  volatile  oil, 

which  is  I  iration  used.      It  is  a  mild  car- 

mulant,  promoting    i  tions  of  the  skin 

ient    anthelmintic 
inst  tin-  round-worm.     Dose  of  the  oil  n\v-xv. 
Cheoplastic  |         c,  to  pour;   irXaor 

and  yielding  by  heat.     C.  Metal, 

mposed  "f  tin,  silver,  and  bismuth,  with  a 

small  t:  atimony. 

Cherry  Ml    .    hery\.     The  bark  of  the  com- 

.  Primus  serotina,  a  mild  bitter  and  tonic, 

ntaining tannin.      I1 — of  fid.  ex t.  sjss— j.     Prunin, 

ext.      Dose gr.  j— iij.     C. -Compound, 

(lurry-bark    5  viij,    lettuce    ,^iij, 

md  5  ii  root  ,^i.  veratrum  viride  gss. 

-e  rt\_\\- -  j.     Allunof.     See  also  Choke-cherry  and 

C. -laurel,  the    European  ever- 

lerry,  Prunus  lauro  Water  distilled 

a  the  same  way  as  dilute    by- 

/.  Hydrocyanic. 

Cheselden's  Operations.     See  Operations,  Table* 

Chest.  C,  Barrel-,  a  peculiar  formation 

of  '-d  in  cases  of  long-standing  em- 

ph)  f  the  lun^- ;    it    is    round    like  a  barrel,  and 

in    respiration    is    lifted    vertically   instead    of    being 

see   Emphysema.      C.  founder. 
C.  Sweetbread.     See  Sweetbread. 
Chestnut.  C.    Extract.     See    Horse- 

C.-wood,  a  wood    used    in    leather- 
rived   from    the  Castanea  vesca,  and 
1   n   per  cent,   of  a  tannin 
illotannic  acid.     The  exii 
from    14    to    20    per    cent,    of    tannin,    is 
lify  the  color  produced   by  hem- 
and  for  tanning  and  dyeing. 
Chevreul's  Test. 

Chevron-bone  n)  [ML.,  capro,  a    rafter; 

forming  a  V  shaped 
tudal    portion  ol   the  back-bone  of 
Is. 
Chewstick  |  Hken,  to  pierce]. 

iisis,    a    popular    . 
in   the  Wesl    Indie,.      It   is  also  u 

of   the    lid. 

Cheyne's  Operation 

Cheyne-Stokes    Breathing    or    Respiration.       See 

C.    Nystagmus,  a 


variet]  of  nystagmus  in  which  the  oscillations  of  the 


Tracing  of  Chkyne-Stokes  Breathing. 

eyeball  have  a  rhythmic  variation  similar  to  the  rhythm 

1  >i  1  be)  ne  Stokes  respiration. 
Chian  {ki'-an)    [\"»\  Chios].      Pertaining  to  Chios,  an 

island    in    the    -Kgean    Sea.     C.    Turpentine.     See 

Terebinthina. 
Chiasm,    Chiasma   [ki'-azm,  hi-az'-mah)  [  i"<,    r,  to 

make  a  cross,  as  an  X].      The  optic  commissure. 


Optic  Chiasm  and  Adjacent  Parts. 

1.  Infunclibtilum.  2.  Tuber  cinereum.  j.  Corpora  albicantia, 
"i  mammillaria.  4.  Cms  cerebri.  5.  Pons  varolii.  6.  Middle 
cerebellai  peduncle.  7.  Anterioi  pyramid.  8.  Decussation. 
9.  Olivary  body.  10.  Cray  tubercle  of  Rolando.  11.  .\im- 
form  libers.  12.  Superioi  extremity  of  spinal  cord.  13,  13. 
Denticulate  ligament,  m.  Spinal  dura  mater.  1=;.  Optii 
tract.  16.  Optic  chiasm.  17.  -■!  nerve,  is.  4th  nerve. 
19.  5th  nerve.  20.  6tb  nerve.  21.  Facial  m  r  22.  Audi- 
tory nerve.  23.  Nerve  ol  Wrisberg.  24  Glosso-pbaryn- 
geal  nerve.  25.  Pneumogastrii  nerve.  26,  26.  Spinal 
accessory  nerve.  27.  Hypoglossal  28  isi  cervical  pair, 
29.  2d  cervical  pair.  1        vical  pair. 

Chiastometer     (hi-as-tom'-et-er)     [  x""1'"' ■    crossed; 
pov,   a   measure].     An   instrument    for   measuring 
any  deviation  of  the  optic  axes  from  parallelism. 
Chibou  1  \  Fr.  ].     The  resin  or  gum  of  Bursera 

.1  ne,    of  I  lorida   and   tropii  al    America  ; 
it  is  locally  valued  in  disease- of  the  lung  and  kidneys, 
d    i-    used    in    various    plasters    and    ointments;    it   is 
(ailed  also  cachibou  and  archipin.      Unof. 
Chibret's  Operation.     See  Operations,   Table  of. 


CHICA   RED 


■-•-: 


''HIM   -1 


Chica  Red  [che'-kah)  [S.  Amer.].  See  Pigments, 
C  'onspectus  of 

Chick  Pea  [chikf-pe)  [ME.,  chick-pea].  The  plant 
( '/,,■>  arislinum  ;  also  the  pulse  derh  ed  fr<  im  it ;  much 
used  as  an  article  of  food  in  various  countries.  Lathy- 
>i. m  (apparentl)  i  br  ilic  a<  id  poisoning),  q.  v., 

sometimes  results  from  the  too  free  use  "i    th 
pea  as  a  fi  iod. 

Chickahominy  Fever  ^chik-a-hom' -in  efe'-ver). 
Fever. 

Chicken  (chik'-en)  [ME.,  chiken,  a  chicken].   A  domes 
tic  fowl.     C.  Breast,  an  abnormally  pr inent  condi- 
tion <>i  the  sternum  and  ol  thetsternal  region;  pii; 
breast ;  it  is  seen  in  rhachitic  persons,  etc.    C.  Cholera, 
See  Cholera.     C.-fat    Clot.     A  clot  of  blood  consisl 
ing  largely  of  fibrin,  yellowish  in  color,  and  contain- 
ing but  few  red-cells.     C.-pox.     See   I  art  ella. 

Chicle  (chik'-l)  [S.  Amer.].  A  gum  obtained  from  the 
Achras  sapota,  a  tree  of  tropical  America,  and  used 
as  a  masticatory. 

Chico  Red  (che'-ko)  [S.  Amer.].      Same  as  Chica  Red. 

Chicory  [chik'-or-e)  [nixopa,  chicory].  Cichorium 
intybus,  a  composite  plant  of  Europe  and  Asia,  natur- 
alized and  growing  in  the  United  States.  Its  ground- 
root  is  used  to  adulterate  coffee. 

Chicot  [che'-ko)  [Fr.].  Kentucky  Coffee  Bean.  The 
seeds  of  Gymnocladus  canadensis.  Chicot  contains 
a  volatile  oil  and  a  glucosid,  and  is  probably  a  cere- 
brospinal stimulant.  It  is  sometimes  used  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  coffee.     Unof. 

Chiene's  (Johnj  Method.  A  method  of  locating  the 
fissure  of  Rolando.  A  square  piece  of  paper  is  folded 
once,  so  as  to  form  a  triangle.  Either  of  the  two 
equal  angles  is  then  450.  One  free  edge  is  then 
folded  back  so  that  this  angle  is  bisected,  thus  form- 
ing an  angle  of  22. 50.  The  paper  is  then  unfolded  at 
the  first  crease,  so  as  to  secure  an  angle  of  67.5,  the 
apex  of  which  is  placed  ]/2  inch  behind  the  mid-point 
between  the  glabella  and  the  inion,so  that  the  straight 
side  of  the  paper  corresponds  to  the  middle  of  the 
anterior  aspect  of  the  head  ;  the  other  margin  of  the 
paper,  the  fold,  corresponds  to  the  fissure  of  Rolando, 
the  length  of  which  is  about  3^  inches.  C.'s  Opera- 
tion.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Chignon  Fungus  [shin-yon')  [Fr.].  A  fungoid  dis- 
ease of  the  hair  in  which  oval  or  roundish  masses  sur- 
round the  hair  shaft  at  irregular  intervals.  It  is  also 
miscalled  Chignon  gregarine. 

Chigoe  [chig'-o)  [Fr.,  Chique],  Sand-flea;  Sarcop- 
sylla penetrans ,  a  small  parasite  of  the  skin,  affecting 
usually  that  portion  between  the  toes  and  fingers  ;  also 
the  red  harvest  mite,  Leptus  irritans.  It  is  also 
written  ckigo,  chegoe,  ckigga,  ckiggre,  dagger,  jigger. 
Sec  Parasites  [Animal),  Table  of . 

Chilblain  [ckil'-blan)  [AS.,  cele,  cold  ;  blegan,  to  boil]. 
Pernio;  Erythema  pernio.  An  erythematous  local 
inflammation  and  swelling  of  the  skin,  due  to  cold. 
It  is  most  common  in  the  young  of  lymphatic  con-ti 
tution.  The  symptoms  are  an  eruption  of  circular, 
raised  erythematous  spots,  attended  with  severe  itch- 
ing or.  burning  ;  later,  bullae  may  form,  and  these  may 
lead  to  ulceration. 

Child  [child)  [ME.,  child:  pi.,  Children}.  A  young 
person.  C.-bed,  the  popular  term  for  the  condition 
of  a  woman  during  and  after  labor.  C.-bed  Fever. 
See  Puerperal  Fever.  C. -birth,  parturition.  C- 
crowing,  the  crowing  sound  of  the  respiration  that 
characterizes  Laryngismus  stridulus,  q.  v.  C.-hood, 
the  age  of  childishness  ;  the  period  before  puberty. 
C. -murder.  See  Infanticide.  Children's  Diseases. 
See  Pediatrics. 

Chile  {chil'-e).      See  Capsicum. 


Chili  Saltpeter.      See  S,;lua>:. 

Chilitis  [kll-i'-tis)  [t</<».  lip].     Inflammation  of  a  lip. 

Chill  [chil)  [ME.,  chil].      A  sensation   <A   ''.Id  a< 
panied   by  shivering,   usually  appearing  shortly  after 
exposure  to   '"Id   or  wet.      It  is  frequently   the   initial 
symptom    of    grave    acul  pneumonia, 

etc.  It  is  a  prominenl  symptom  of  various  form-  '.I 
malarial  fever. 

Chilli  (chil'-e).  im  and  African  Peppt 

Chills  and  Fever.  A  popular  term  for  intermittent 
fever. 

Chilo-angioscope     [ki-lo-an' -je-o-skbp)     [  lip  ; 

'i.  vessel;  ,  to  look].      An  apparatu-   for 

observing  the  circulation  of  the  blood  in  the  human 
lip. 

Chilocace  [kil-ok'-as-e)  \xzXko$,  lip;  wk6c,  evil]  A 
linn,  reddish  swelling  of  the  lip  in  scrofulous  children. 

Chiloglossa     [ki'-lo-glos-ak)     [^eZAoc,     lip;      ;/• 
tongue].       In  biology,  tin-  anterior  lip,   or  the  mem- 
branous protuberance  that  lies  in  front  of  the  mandibles 
and  is  continued  under  these  in  certain  arthropods. 

Chilogramma  {hi -lo-gram' -mah  \  I  nun, 

a  mark  :  pi.,  Chilogrammata].  Jadelot's  labial  line. 
See  Lines,  fade!. 

Chiloma  [ki-lo'-mah  )  [xf''"-'"n>  a  lip].  In  biology,  a 
projecting  thickened  upper  lip — as  in  the  camel. 

Chiloplasty  ( hi' ' -lo-plas-te)   [^eZAoc,    lip;    nXaaaea 
form].      Any  plastic  operation  upon  the  lip. 

Chilorrhagia  [ki-lor-a'-je-ak)    [xe'ikoq,   lip ; 
to  burst  forth].      Hemorrhage  from  the  lips. 

Chiloschisis  {hi-los'  kis-is)  [xri'/'ic,  lip  ;  -    .  a  split]. 

Hare-lip. 

Chimaphila     [ki-maf -il-ah)     \_\nun,     winter: 

loving],  Pipsissewa,  Prince's  Pine ;  the  leaves  of  C 
umbellata,  an  evergreen  found  in  the  I'.  S  ,  an  astrin- 
gent tonic  and  excellent  diuretic.  The  bruised  leaves 
are  used  as  a  rubefacient.  It  is  valuable  in  dropsy, 
several  forms  of  kidney  disease,  and  for  affection-  of 
the  urinary  passages.  C,  Fid.  Ext.  Dose  ^ss-ij. 
C,  Decoctum.      1  to  17.      Dose  §j-iij.      Unof. 

Chimaphilin    [ki-maf ' -il-in)     [^e2//a,     winter  ; 

loving].  A  precipitate  from  the  tincture  of  Chin/-, phi/a 
umbellata,  used  in  cancers;  it  is  a  diuretic,  discutient, 
and  alterative.     Dose  two  to  three  grains.      Unof. 

Chimiotaxis  [kim-e-o-taks'-is).     See  Chemotaxis. 

Chimiotetic  (kim-e-o-tet'-ik).      See  Chemotactic. 

Chimney-sweep's  Cancer.  Cancer  of  the  scrotum, 
formerly  not  uncommon  among  chimney-sweepers. 

Chin  [ME.,  chin].  The  mentum  ;  the  lower  part 
of  the  face,  at  or  near  the  symphysis  of  the  lower 
jaw.  C,  Double.  See  Buccnla.  C. -cough,  whoop- 
ing-cough. C.-jerk.  See  faw-jerk,  and  Reflexes, 
Table  of.      C.  Reflex.      See  Reflexes,  Table  of 

China  {'kin'  -ah,  or  ke'-nah)  [Sp.].      Same  as  Cinchona. 

China  (i  hi'  nah)  [Pers.,  Chlnl,  China].  A  country  of 
Asia.  C.-blue.  See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  C- 
clay.    SeePigm  .'us of    C. -grass,  Ramie; 

a  soft,  silky  vegetable  substance  used  as  a  siir 
gical  dressing;  the  fiber  of  Bahmeria  nivea.  C- 
root,  the  rhizome  of  Smilax  china,  a  plant  of  Eastern 
Asia;  it  is  used  a.  a  substitute  for  true  sarsaparilla. 
Unof.  C.-root,  False,  the  plant  SmilaA  pseudo- 
china  of  X.  America.  Unof.  C. -white.  Same  as 
White  Lead. 

Chinese  (chi-nes',  or  -nSz)  [Pers..  Chin/,  China].  Per- 
taining or  belonging  to  China.  C.  Catarrh. 
Synonym  of  Influenza.  C.  Foot,  a  deformed  and 
undeveloped  foot  due  to  atrophy  from  compression.  It 
is  a  popular  fashion  among  <  Chinese  ladies.  C.  Green. 
See  Pigmen  C.  Red.     Same  as    I 

milion.  C.  Twist,  a  name  given  to  a  variety  of 
silk-thread  used  in  surgerv.     C.  Wax,  Insect  Wax  ;    a 


CHINOIDIN 


CHLORAL 


sui  ipon 

the  It   is  a   white,  line, 

1  brittle  wax,  ti  in  app 

:    it  fuses  .it 
e  m  aU. >hol  and 
eth  'die 

ma      -        C.    White.  C. 

Yellow. 
Chinoidin,  01  Chinoidinum  •'/"'• 

////;i     [Sp.,  ;>-       A    mixtun 

i  the  manufai  tin 
.  mn.      I-  rties  of  quinin. 

Chinolin  S  >  and  Quinolin. 

Chinolina  quinin],    <',,H.\. 

alkaloidal  derivativeof  quinin 

.'.  tar.      It  i-  now 

lilin  or  nitro  benzol 

tnd  .1  dehydrating  agent.      It  is  a  valu- 

ab  d  i-  useful  in  pneu- 

lt  is  commonly 

•   the  tarl  ause  of  the  deli- 

injij  to  x  ;  of  the 

Chinovin  uinin],  C^HjgOg.     A 

i  in  im  ( 
Chinwhelk  \m  of  /  tis. 

Chiococc.i  -      v  .      kkoc,  aberry]. 

See  Cahin 

Chionanthin  .   snow;    avdoc,   a 

A   pr  from  the  tincture  of  the  root- 

niana ;    it    i-   an  aperient, 

diuretic,    tunic,   and   narcotic.      Dose   I    to  3  grains. 

I '! 

Chionanthus  \anf-thus)    \_\h'jv,   snow;    avdog,   a 

'■it].      A  -  and  shrubs.      C. 

virginiana.  frii  ;on-ash.     The  root  is 

a  vulnerary.     See  als<  I  nof. 

Chionyphe     ki-on'-if-e)   [%un>t  snow;   wpfi,  a  texture]. 

A    [  C.    carteri,   a   parasitic   fungus, 

itly  the  cause  of  the  disease  known  as  Fungus 

Chip  Blower  (.  h  <p  A  warm  air  blowpipe. 

Chiragra  »,  the  hand;  aypa,  a  seiz- 

ure in  the  hand. 

Chirarthritis   [ki-rar-thri'-tis]   [t"/>.   hand;   apdpov,  a 
joint;   inr,  inflammation].      Rheumatism  or  arthritis 
of  the  hand. 
Chirata    ke-ra'-tah,  or  che-raf -taK)  [Hind.,   chira 

nan].       Chiretta.       The   entire    plant, 
resembles  gentian  in  its   thera 
-    and   is  an  excellent  tonic.      It   1 
tain  any  tannin.      Dose  of  the  powdered  plant 
C.,  Fid.  Ext.,  in  glycerin  and  alcohol. 
Dose    >V'.      ■. ...     C.,    Infusum     (B.  P.         Dose   a 
wii  C,  Tinct.,  ten  per  cent,   in  strength. 

~; 
Chiratin  [Hind.,   chirSelS,    a  species    of 

\     light  yellow,    crystalline, 

•1  from   Chirata. 
Chiretta  hirata. 

Chirettin  |  1 1  in.l . .  ,  kiraetd,  a  species  of  gen- 

A    :  from    the  tincture  of 

chii 

Chirismus    [ki-i  ,    handling].      1. 

■i ;    a  kii  2.   Spasm  of  the 

hai 

Chiromancy  -       Palmistry. 

Chiropelvimeter  [  %eip,  the  hand  ; 

\n  instrun 
■   the  pelvis. 
Chiropodist  .,   hand  ;    -•■ 

]•     A  «  iionally  treats 


diseases  of  the  bands  and  feet,  especially  corns,  bun- 
ion-, etc. 

Chiro-Pompholyx  [ki-ro-pom' -fo-liks)  [p/-.  hand; 
uf,  buster],  Dysidrosis;  pompholyx;  an  ill- 
defined,  inflammatory  skin  disease  confined  to  the 
hands  and  feet,  and  characterized  by  the  development 
of  peculiar  vesicles  or  bleb-,  arranged  in  group-,. 
They  are  deeply  seated  and  distributed  chiefly  on  the 
soles  ami  palms  and  sides  of  the  fingers.  Itching, 
burning,  pain,  and  stiffness  are  present.  The  disease 
is  common  in  neurotic  women  in  the  prime  of  life;  it 
is  almost  invariably  recurrent,  and  is  rare  in  winter. 

Chirurgeon  [ki-rer^-j^n)   [p  .a  surgeon],      A 

surgeon. 

Chirurgia  {hi-rer* -je-a/l)    [  r ',"•     hand;  .    work]. 

Surgery. 

Chirurgical  {ki-rert -jik-al )  [.  0, surgery],    Pei 

t. lining  to  surgery. 

Chirurgien  Dentiste  {ki-rer* -je-en  den-tisP)  [Fr.]. 
Surgeon-dentist. 

Chisel  Cramp  \chizf -el-kramp') .     See   Cramp. 

Chitin  (ki'-tin)  [,y/7iJr,  a  tunic].  1  ,  1  I  ,,  \  ,<  >,,,  I  li  • 
substance  composing  the  chief  part  of  the  exoskeleton 
of  many  invertebrates,  as  crabs,  lobsters,  etc.  It  is  the 
animal  analogue  of  the  cellulose  of  plants.  When  heated 
with  concentrated  He  '1  it  is  decomposed  into  glycosamin 
1  acetic  acid.  Glycosamin (C6H18N05) , crystallizes 
from  alcohol  in  line  needles,  is  dextro-rotatory,  and  re- 
duces Fehling's  fluid  to  the  same  extent  as  does  dex- 
trose, but  is  not  fermentable.  C.  Substance,  a  gela- 
tinous substance  found  in  hydatid  cysts. 

Chittim  Bark  [chW-im  bark).     See  Cascara  Sagrada. 

Chlamydate  [klamf -id-ai)  [\/aui>c,  a  mantle].  In 
biology,  provided  with  a  pallium  or  mantle. 

Chlamydeous  {klam-id'-e-us)  \_x%nnvc,  a  mantle]. 
In  biology,  pertaining  to  the  floral  envelops. 

Chlamydospore  [klam/-id-o-spor)  [\'/anir,  mantle; 
tT7ro  id,  seed].  In  biology,  applied  to  a  spore  having 
its  own  protective  envelop. 

Chloasma  (klo-az'-mah)  [\/i><'i~tn\  to  be  pale-green]. 
Mi  lanoderma;  melasma;  a  condition  characterized  by 
dyschromia  of  the  skin  of  various  sizes  and  shape-. 
and  of  a  yellow,  brown,  and  black  color.  They  occur 
chiefly  u|  k  »n  the  face,  and  are  idiopathic  or  symptomatic 
in  character.  An  old  name'  for  Tinea  versicolor.  C. 
hepaticum,  Liver-spots;  a  form  following  dyspepsia 
and  popularly  associated  with  hepatic  disturbance.  C. 
phthisicorum,  the  brown  patches  upon  the  skin  of  tin- 
forehead  or  upper  portions  of  the  cheeks  in  tuberculous 
patients.  C.  uterinum,  chiefly  located  on  the  fore 
head,  temples,  cheeks,  nipples,  and  median  line  of 
abdomen.  They  are  marked  during  pregnancy,  and 
often  during  menstruation. 

Chloracetic  Acid  [klo  ras-e'-tik).     See  Acid. 

Chloral  {klo'-ral)  \cklorin ;  aldehyd\  C2C1,H0.  A 
pungent,  colorless,  mobile  liquid.  The  name  is  often 
misapplied  to  chloral  hydrate.  C.  Butylicum,  Butyl- 
Chloral  Hydrate  (15. P.),  croton-chloral,  <  ,1 1  <  l,<  >,- 
II  ,<  »,  a  solid  occurring  in  crystalline  scales,  resembling 
(  Moral  hydrate,  but  made  with  but  vl.  ',11,,,  a-  a  base, 
instead  of  ethyl.  <  .11,.  lis  properties  are  parallel  to 
those  of  chloral,  but  are  much  feebler.  I  lose  gr.  v-xx 
in  syrup.  Syrupus  Butyl-Chloral,  16  -rain-  to  the 
ounce.  Dose  Z}— iv.  L'nof.  C.  Hydrate,  a  colorless, 
crystalline  solid  having  the  composition  C2HC1„(H0),, 
the  hydrate  of  chloral.  It  is  a  powerful  hypnotic,  anti- 
spasmodic, and  depressant  to  the  cerebral,  medullary, 
i  spinal  centers,  and,  to  a  limited  extent,  is  an 
anesthetic.  It  is  serviceable  in  fevers  accompanied 
by  cerebral  excitement,  in  chorea,  convulsions,  and 
all  affections  requiring  a  cerebral  depressant,  and  is 
excellent  in  delirium  tremens,  but  should  be  used  with 


CHLORALAMID 


289 


<  III  <  IROMA 


great  caution.      Dose  gr.  v-xx  ;   smaller  if  combined 

with    potassium    or    sodium    bromid.      C,    Syrupus 

(B.P.).     Dose  gss-ij.     C.-urethane.    See  Uraliutn. 

Chloralamid^hlo-ral-am'-id^chloral;  amid'],  < '<  1  tCH- 

^NHCHO'     ^  name  inaptly  applied  to  chloral  for- 

mamidate.     In  doses  of  30  to  45  grains  it  is  a  hypnotic. 
Chloralid  {klo'-ml-id )  [chloral],  C5H2<  lg0      '   \.  sub- 
stance obtained  when  trichlorlactic  acid   is  heated  to 
1500,  with  an  excess  of  chloral;    it  crystallizes  from 

alcohol  and  ether  in  large  prisms,  is  insoluble  in 
water,  and  melts  at  from  II40  to  1150  ;  it  boils  at  from 
2720  to  2730. 

Chloralimid  {Mo-raP '-im-id ')  [chloral;  imid],  C('l.,.- 
(  11X11.  A  hypnotic  allied  to  chloral,  soluble  in 
alcohol.     Dose  same  as  that  of  chloral  hydrate.     Unof. 

Chloralism  (klo> '-ral-izm)  [chloral],  I.  Chloral- 
poisoning  ;  the  morbid  state  caused  by  the  injudicious 
use  nf  chloral.     2.    The  habit  of  using  chloral. 

Chloralize  (klo/-ral-lz)  [chloral].  To  put  under  the  in- 
fluence  of  chloral. 

Chloralose  [kl^-ral-os)  [chloral ;  glucose].  Anhydro- 
glycochloral ;  a  product  of  the  action  of  anhydrous 
chloral  upon  glucose. 

Chloramyl  [klo'-ram-il).      See  Anesthetic. 

Chloranemia  [klo-ran-e' '-me-ah).  Synonym  of  Chlo- 
rosis. 

Chloranil  {klor -ran-il)  [chlorin],  C6C1402.  A  com- 
pound obtained  from  many  benzene  compounds  (anilin, 
phenol,  isatin)  by  the  action  of  chlorin  or  potassium 
chlorate  and  HC1.  It  consists  of  bright,  golden 
1  Lnets,  insoluble  in  water,  but  soluble  in  hot  alcohol 
and  ether. 

Chlor-anodyne  [klor-an' '-o-dlti)  [chlorin  ;  ar  priv.  ; 
<"'<  v7],  pain].  A  proprietary  remedy  introduced  as  an 
improvement  on  chlorodyne.  It  contains  morphin 
hydrochlorate,  tinct.  cannab.  Ind.,  chloroform,  dilute 
hydrocyanic  acid,  and  aromatics.  Dose  for  an  adult 
mjev.      Unof. 

Chloranthus  {klo-ran'  -thus)  [\tupoc,  yellowish-green; 
i(''oc,  a  flower].  A  genus  of  chloranthaceous  plants 
of  hot  climates.  C.  officinalis,  of  Java,  is  a  valuable 
febrifuge  and  anti-spasmodic.     Unof. 

Chlorate  [Mo' -rat)  [chlorin].  Any  salt  of  chloric  acid. 
See  Potassii  chloras;  Sodii  chloras,  etc. 

Chloremia  {klo-ref-me-aK)[%kup6q,  green  ;  auta,  blood]. 
A  blood-disorder,  either  idiopathic  or  associated  with 
other  ailments,  consisting  in  a  diminution  of  the  per- 
centage of  the  hemoglobin  and  a  decrease  in  the 
number  of  red  blood-corpuscles. 

Chlorethyl  (k/o-reth'-il).     See  Ethyl chlorid. 

Chloric  (klo'-rik)  [chlorin].  Pertaining  to  or  contain- 
ing chlorin.  C.  Acid.  See  Acid.  C.  Ether.  1. 
See  Ethyl  chlorid.     2.  See  Spiritus  Chloroformi. 

Chlorid  {klo'-rid)  [chlorin].  In  chemistry,  a  binary 
compound,  one  of  the  elements  of  which  is  chlorin. 
C.  of  Iron  Test.  See  Tests,  Table  of.  C.  cf 
Methyl.  See  Anesthetic.  Chlorids,  Test  for.  See 
Tests,  Table  of. 

Chlorin,  or  Chlorine  {klo/-rin)  [x?uop6c,  green].  CI 
==  35-5  5  quantivalence  1.  A  non-metallic  element. 
At  ordinary  temperatures  it  is  a  greenish-yellow  gas, 
prepared  by  decomposing  sodium  chlorid,  NaCl.  It 
is  highly  irritative  to  the  skin  and  mucous  membranes, 
producing  spasmodic  closure  of  the  glottis.  It  is  the 
most  valuable  of  disinfectants.  Chlori,  Aqua,  C, 
Liquor  (B.  P.),  chlorin  water,  contains  4  per  cent,  of 
the  gas  in  solution.  It  is  a  good  antiseptic  wash. 
Dose,  internally,  n^x-xxx.  Calx  Chlorinata, 
"chlorid  of  lime,"  a  hypochlorite  of  calcium  contain- 
ing free  chlorin;  a  valuable  disinfectant.  Dose,  in- 
ternally, gr.  iij-vj.      Calx   Chlorat,  Liq.  (P.  B    .  con- 

19 


tains  I  pound  of  the  salt  per  gallon  of  water.  Sodiun 
Chlorat.,  Liq.,  Labarraque's  Solution,  sodium  carbon 
ate  10,  calx   chlorinata  8,  water  ad   100.     Dose  n\  x- 

t^  j  in  20  parts   of  water.     Chlorin   Vapor   1 1;.    I 

d  for  inhalation.  C. -Hunger,  the  condition  of  the 
body  when  chlorin  (usually  in  the  form  of  common 
-ill  1  is  lacking.  Among  the  immediate  results  of  this 
deficiency  are  u  in  and  albuminuria. 

Chloroanemia  {klo-ro-an-ef-me-ah).  Synonym  of 
Chi  <ro  1  . 

Chlorobrom  {klo> '-ro-brdm)  [chlorin:  brotnin].  A 
solution  each  ounce  of  which  contains  30  grains  of 
chloralamid  and  potassium  bromid.      It  is  a  hypnotic. 

Chlorocruorin  {klo-ro-kru'-or-in)  [xXup6q,  green; 
cruor,  blood].  A  green  respiratory  pigment  from 
the  greenish  blood  of  the  Sabella. 

Chlorodyne  {klo/-ro-din)  [%kop6q,  green;  bdinnj,  pain]. 
A  proprietary  remedy  supposed  to  contain  chloroform, 
ether,  morphin,  cannabis  Indica,  hydrocyanic  acid. 
and  capsicum.  The  various  imitation-  differ  widely. 
It  is  a  good  anodyne  and  narcotic.  Dose  rt^  x-xx.x. 
with  care.      Unof. 

Chloroform  {klof -ro-forni)  [chloroformum,  chloroform  : 
gen.,  Chloroformi].  Methyl  Terchlorid.  CH<  1  .  A 
heavy,  colorless  liquid  obtained  by  the  action  of 
chlorinated  lime  on  methyl  alcohol.  (The  commercial 
article,  C.  venale,  contains  2  per  cent,  of  impurities 
and  is  unfit  for  administration.)  Administered  inter- 
nally, chloroform  produces  narcosis  and  violent  gastro- 
enteritis. Chloroform  has  an  agreeable  odor  and  a 
sweetish  taste.  It  solidifies  in  the  cold,  melts  at  710, 
boils  at  61  °,  and  its  specific  gravity  is  1. 5 26.  It  is 
excellent  in  true  cholera  and  in  similar  diseases  of  the 
stomach  and  bowels.  Externally,  it  is  much  employed 
as  an  ingredient  of  rubefacient  and  anodyne  liniment-. 
Mixed  with  a  large  per  cent,  of  air  and  inhaled, 
it  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  of  general  anesthetics, 
but  occasionally  (1:3000)  causing  death  by  cardiac 
paralysis.  See  Anesthetic.  Deep  injections  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  sciatic  nerve  are  recommended  in 
sciatica.  C,  Alcoholized,  a  mixture  of  chloroform 
and  alcohol.  C,  Ammoniated,  equal  part-  of  am- 
monia in  alcohol  and  chloroform ;  antipyretic  and 
anodyne.  Unof.  C,  Aqua.  Dose  ^ss-ij.  C,  Lini- 
ment, contains  chloroform  30,  soap-liniment  70.  C, 
Liniment.,  Comp.,  contains  chloroform  ^j,  oil  of 
turpentine  3J,  tincture  of  opium  3  iv,  tincture  of  aco- 
nite 3  ij.  Unof.  C,  Emulsum,  chloroform  4,  ex- 
pressed oil  of  almond  6,  tragacanth  1.5,  water  q.  s. 
Dose  .^j-.^ij.  C,  Spt.,  pure  chloroform  6,  alcohol 
94  parts.  DosenUx-^j.  Tinct.  chloroformi  etmor- 
phinae  (B.  P.),  a  substitute  for  chlorodyne.  Each  dose 
of  ten  minims  contains  chloroform  TTL I '+ ,  ether 
Vf\,'$,  alcohol  TTLI1^,  morphin  hydrochlorate  gr 
dilute  hydrocyanic  acid  n\^,  oil  of  peppermint 
TTLj'jj,  fluid  extract  of  licorice  rt^i '+ ,  treacle  and 
syrup  q.s.  Tinct.  C.  Comp.  (B.P.),  chloroform  2, 
alcohol  8,  comp.  tinct.  of  cardamon  10.  Dose 
rr.xx--j. 

Chloroformism  {klo1 ' -ro-for-mizm)  [chloroformum, 
chloroform].  I.  The  use  of  chloroform  to  excess 
for  its  narcotic  effect.  2.  The  symptoms  produced  by 
this  use  of  the  drug. 

Chlorolymphoma  ( klo-ro-Kmf-of-maK)  [xAupig,  green  ; 
lympha,  water;  dun,  a  tumor].  Another  name  for 
chloroma;  it  is  thought  by  some  to  be  a  variety  of 
lymphoma,  from  its  containing  lymphocytes. 

Chloroma  (k!o-ro'-mah\  [xku>p6q, yellowish-green  ;  Luc, 
a  tumor:  pi.,  Chloromata],  "  Green  cancer'";  a  rare 
variety  of  sarcoma,  of  a  greenish  tint,  usually  seated 
upon  the  periosteum  of  the  bones  of  the  head,  or  uoon 
the  dura. 


CHLORI  >M  IK'  »B1  SZI  \1 


lIloI.KCVSroKRAI'HV 


Chloronitrobenzene 

i»].     I  'Hf  of  the  inj 
dients  of  A 
Chlorophane 

A   yellowish-green    chromopbane.     See 

Chlorophyl  ' '"  •  'l'al  ]• 

A  in  the  chlorophyl -granules 

in  all  t  nts.      W  ax  and  other  sub- 

: i  it       It-  i  onstitution  1-  not 
aii.      It  i>  tfa  ice  b)  « 

rmed  in  .  uit.-. 

Chlorophyllu:-.  '"' - 

tained  from   fresh  grass  by  ex- 
the  hater  with  boiling  absolute  alcohol.     It 
is  that  melt  at  no0  C.  to  a  black  liquid, 
n  further  heating  burns  with  a  luminous  flame. 
hi-  luble  in  ether,  benzol,  and  chloroform. 

Chloroplastid  ,  green;  n'Aaa- 

■:  mold].      In    biology,   a  chlorophyl- 
ule      Applied  by  Lankes  olorophyl-bearing 

n  in  Hydra  viridi  .     Probably  tlie.se  are 
tive  glands  comparable  to  the 
Amphioxus. 
Chlorosarcoma  {klo-ro-sar-ko/-mah).     See  Chloroma. 
Chlorosis   [klo-rt/ -sis)   [  i  .  green].     The  "  green 

iung  women,  associated  with 
ini.i  and  menstrual  abnormality,  usually  suppression. 
It  l-  the  most  common  form  of   idiopathic  anemia.      It 
t-  i  ntary  life  and  poor  hygiene.     The 

lows  a  marked  deficiency  in  hemoglobin,  with 
in    the    number  of    red    corpuscles, 
ther  with  an  increase  in  its  watery  elements.   The 
•  do   not    seem  to  suffer  from  any  interference 
with  the  general  nutrition;    in  fact,  there  is  often  a  ten- 
dency to  the  accumulation  of  fat  in  the  tissues.     There 
is  present  well-marked  neurasthenia,   with,  at  times, 
hysterical  manifestations.     There  ran  always  be  heard 
Ac  bruit  at  the  base  of  the    heart  and   in  the 
no  in  nature.       The  bowels  are  constipated, 
and  there  may  be  some  fever.     C.  pituitosis.     Syno- 
,i    of   Enteritis,  Pseudo-membranous.     C.    rubra, 
if  chlorosis  of   moderate  grade,  with  a  reddish 
tint  of  the  cheeks,  especially  on  exertion. 
Chlorotic  f-ik)   [t  --].      Relating 

A  person  affected  by  chlorosis. 

Chlorozone  green  ;     breiv,    to 

111.      A   yellow  liquid  assumed  to  be  a  mixture  of 

chlonn   and  il    is  formed  by  passing  nascent 

■rin   through  caustic  soda;    its  composition  is  not 

known.      It  i-  a  strong  bleaching-agent  and  disinfec- 

Chlorphenol  \6g,  green  .  .  pur- 

,.    C6H4C1.0H.       Monochlorphenol,  a    sub- 

I   of   marked   antiseptic  and  antituber- 

culoti.    pro]  It   i-  strongly  recommended   for 

inhalati  iratory  passages. 

Chlorun.  green:   gen.,Chlori\  The 

il  chlorin.      See  Chlorin. 
Choana  .  funnel:  />/.,  Choana].  A 

funi  A  name  applied  to  the  posterior 

Choanocyte  . ,,,  a  funnel;  kvtoq ,  a 

)■     In  b  ell. 

Choanosome  a   funnel;   crufia, 

Hi.  m    of   the    cavity  of  a 
Us.' 
Chocolate  /„//, 

red  from  the  powder 
with  varii  ilaginous 

2.    A  b  r<  pan  d 

iusly 


compounded  and  flavored,  containing  some  proportion 
of  the  i  iregoing  paste ;  sometimes  medicated,  as  with 
cinchona,  scammony,  or  magnesia.  C,  African. 
See  fi'ti. 

Choke  ichdk)  [ME.,  <  hok  «,  to  choke].  To  suffocate  ; 
to  prevent  the  access  of  air  to  the  lung-  by  compres- 
sing or  obstructing  the  trachea.  C  cherry,  the 
fruit  of  Prunus  (Cei  giniana,  not   the  /'.  vir- 

giniana  of  the  pharmacopeia;  common  in  the  I'.  S. 
It  is  antispasmodic,  tonic,  and  slightly  astringent. 
Cerasin  is  a  concentrated  extract.  I  >ose  gr.  ij-viij. 
(Jnof.  C.-damp,  a  name  given  by  miners  to  car 
bonic  acid  gas.     Called  also  Black-damp. 

Choked  Disc  [chbkd  disk).     See  Papillitis. 

Choking  (chok'-ing)  \WLE..,choken,  to  choke].  Partial 
or  complete  suffocation,  whether  by  the  lodgment  ..| 
food,  or  any  foreign  body  in  the  larynx,  trachea,  phar- 
ynx, or  esophagus,  or  by  the  inhalation  of  any  irres 
pirable  gas  or  vapor.  C.  Distemper,  a  name  applied 
in  Eastern  Pennsylvania  to  cerebro-spinal  meningitis 
in  the  horse. 

Cholagogic  [kol-ag-og' -ik)  [x"/'/7  bile  ;  ayay6g,  carrying 
off].    I.  Stimulating  the  flow  of  bile.    2.  A  cholagogue. 

Cholagogue  [kol' -ag-og)  [^o/.//,  bile  ;  ayutydg,  leading]. 
Any  medicine  that  promotes  the  flow  of  bile;  an 
agent  that  is  supposed  to  stimulate  the  secretion  or 
excretion  of  bile. 

Oholalic  Acid  (ko-lal'-ik).     See  Chaloidinic  Acid. 

Cholangitis  \ko-lan-ji' -tis)  \_x(,/'i,  bile;  ayyelov,  a  ves 
sel].     Inflammation    of  a  bile-duct.      It  is  attended 
with  ague-like  paroxysms,  chills,  fever,  and  sweating, 
and  jaundice  of  varying  intensity. 

Cholate  {kol'-dt)  \_xo/>l,  bile].     Any  salt  of  cholic  acid. 

Choleate  (kol'-e-at)  [^o/.//,  bile].  Any  salt  of  choleic 
acid. 

Cholecyanin  [kol-e-si'-an-iti).     See  Bilicyanin. 

Cholecyst  (kol'-e-sist)  \_x°^ht  hile ;  kvotiq,  &  bladder]. 
The  gall-bladder. 

Cholecystectasia  (kol-e-sis-tek-ta'-se-ah)  [{<>'",,  bile; 
kvotiq,  a  cyst;  ihramr,  a  distention].  Distention  or 
dilatation  <  if  the  gall-bladder. 

Cholecystectomy  {kol-e-sis-tek'  -to-me)  [  jo/.//,  bile ; 
kvotiq,  bladder;  enro/iy,  a  cutting  off].  Excision'  of 
the  gall-bladder. 

Cholecystendysis  (kol-e-sis-trn'-dis-is)  [x°'-'h  bile; 
kvotiq,  a  bladder;  evdvoiQ,  an  entering].  Cholecys- 
totomy,  q.  rr. 

Cholecystenterostomy(^£>/-c-5w-^«-/cr-^/-/o-w<')  [)«>//, 

bile;  kvotiq,  a  bladder;  evrtpov,  intestine;  or6fia,  a 
mouth].  Incision  of  the  gall-bladder  and  intestine, 
with  suture  of  the  intestinal  wound  to  that  of  the 
gall  bladder,  so  as  to  relieve  the  effects  of  obstruction 
of  the  gall-duct  by  opening  a  new  passage  into  the 
intestine. 

Cholecystic  [kol-e-sis'-tik)  [.\»'/i/,  bile;  kvotiq,  a  blad- 
der].   Relating  to  the  gall-bladder. 

Cholecystitis  [kol-e-sis-ti' -tis)  [x°Mi  bile;  kvotiq, 
bladder;  trie,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the 
gall-bladder. 

Cholecystocolostomy  {kol-e-sis-to-ko-losf -to-me)  [  \"'t>/, 
bile;  kvotiq,  &  bladder;  k67mv,  the  colon;  TOfifj,  a 
cutting].  The  surgical  establishment  of  a  passage 
between  the  gall  bladder  and  the  colon. 

Cholecystolithotripsy  [kol-e-sis-to-litk'-o-trip-se')  [  \">>l, 
bile;  KVOTIQ,  a  bladder;  TiidoQ,  a  stone;  Tpi/3eiV,  to 
crush],     I  he  crushing  of  gall-stones  in  the  gall-bladder. 

Cholecystoncus  i /v/ ,  sis-tong*  kus)\  xpMi,  bile ;  kvotiq, 
bladdei  ,  a   tumor].      A   swelling  or  tumor  of 

the  gall   bladder. 

Cholecystorrhaphy  \kol-e-sist-or'-a-fe)  [x°W>  bile; 
kvotiq,  bladder;  ,'../.-/,,  a  seam].  Suture  of  the  gall- 
bladder. 


UIOLECYSTus-n  i.MV 


291 


l  HOLES!  EATOMA 


Cholecystostomy  (kol-e-sis-tos' '-to-me)  \  \""i,  bile; 
KvaTir,  a  bladder;  aropa,  mouth].  The  surgical 
establishment  of  an  opening  into  the  gall-bladder. 

Cholecystotomy  [kol  '-o-me)  [,£oA#,  bile ;  id 

bladder  ;  r&fiveiv,  to  cut].      Incision  of  the  gall-bladder 
to  remove  gallstones,  etc. 

Choledoch  (/■(^"•r' ,/!'/;•)[  (o/^,  lulr  ;  6i  \taQ<ut  to  receive]. 
I.  Conducting  bile.  _>.  A  l>ile-duct.  3.  '1  In-  common 
bile-duct. 

Choledochitis  [kol-ed-o-ki' '-tis)  [{"'", ,  bile;  dixeodai, 
to  receive  ;  ir/r,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the 
cholcd'  ich  diK  1 . 

Choledocho-duodenostomy  [kol-ed-o-ko-du-od-en-osf- 
to-me)  [i"/'/,  bile;  3i  1  ■"''"',  to  receive;  duodeeim, 
twelve;  otouu,  mouth].  The  surgical  establishment 
of  a  passage  between  the  common  bile-duct  and  the 
duodenum. 

Choledocho-enterostomy  [kol-ed-o-ko-en-ter-os* -to-me) 
[X°Mji  bile  >    texi'atifU>    to    receive ;    ivrepov,   bowel  ; 
CTOfta,  mouth].     The  surgical  establishment  of  a  pass 
age  between  the  cavity  of   the  choledoch    duct    and 
the  small  intestine. 

Choledocholithotripsy  \  kol-ed-o-ko-lith  '-o-trip-se)  \_\  0/  /, , 
bile;  Jf'^effWa;,  to  receive;  Ai6oq,  a  stone;  rpiJetv,  to 
rub].  The  crushing  of  a  gall-stone  in  the  ductus 
choledochus. 

Choledochostomy  (kol-ed-o-kos' '-to-me)  [xd)J),  bile  ; 
<y  \ eadat,  to  receive  ;  aroua,  mouth].  The  formation 
of  a  fistula  in  the  gall-duct  through  the  abdominal 
wall. 

Cboledochotomy  (kol-ed-o-kof  -o-?ne)  [,X"'/>/,  bile ; 
6i  \tatidL,  to  receive  ;  Top//,  section].  Opening  of  the 
common  bile-duct  by  incision. 

Choledochus  (kol-ed' -o-kus)  \_xohii,  bile;  dkx^ai,  to 
receive].  Receiving  or  holding  bile.  C,  Ductus 
Communis,  the  common  excretory  duct  of  the  liver 
and  gall-bladder. 

Choledology  (kol-ed-ol'-o-je)  \_X°^i  bile;  At) civ,  to 
speak].      The  sum  of  knowledge  concerning  -he  bile. 

Choleic  (kol-c'-ik)  [xo/.y,  bile].     Pertaining  to  the  bile. 

Cholein  {kol'-e-in)  \_xoAy,  bile].  A  mixture  of  several 
principles  of  the  bile  ;  a  fatty  principle   found  in  bile. 

Cholelith  {kol' -e-litli)  [xo/-'/<  bile  ;  'Aidor,  a  stone].  A 
biliary  calculus  or  gall-stone. 

Cholelithiasis  (kol-e-Iith-V -as-is)  [xo/'l>  bile;  TJBoq,  a 
stone].  The  presence  of,  or  a  condition  associated 
with,  calculi  in  the  gall-bladder  or  in  a  gall-duct. 

Cholemesis  [kol-em'-es-is)  [x°^f],  bile;  epeaig,  vomit- 
ing].    The  vomiting  of  bile. 

Cholemia  (ko-le' -me-ah)  [^0/.//,  bile;  atua,  blood]. 
The  presence  of  bile  in  the  blood. 

Cholemic  1  ko-le' -mik)  [,\'oZ//,  bile;  alfia,  blood].  Re- 
lating to  cholemia;   marked  or  caused  by  cholemia. 

Cholepyrrhin  (kal-e-pir* '-in)  [xo/'/>  bile;  Tvvppog, orange- 
colored].  The  brown  coloring-matter  of  bile.  Also 
called  Bilcpyrrhin. 

Cholera  [kol'-er-ah)  \j(pKkpa\  from  x°^-'h  bile].  A 
name  given  to  a  number  of  acute  diseases  charac- 
terized mainly  by  large  discharges  of  fluid  material 
from  the  bowels.  A  synonym  of  C.  asiatica.  C. 
asiatica,  an  acute,  specific,  highly  malignant  dis- 
ease, existing  in  India  and  the  tropics  of  Asia 
during  the  entire  year,  and  occasionally  spreading 
as  an  epidemic  over  large  areas.  It  is  character- 
ized by  excessive  vomiting,  alvine  discharges  resemb- 
ling flocculent  rice-water,  severe  cramps,  collapse, 
and  frequently  death.  The  rate  of  mortality  varies 
from  10  to  66  per  cent.,  the  average  being  over 
50  per  cent.  The  cause  or  specific  virus  is  very 
generally  believed  to  be  the  so-called  "  comma 
bacillus"  of  Koch,  which  is  contained  in  the  rice- 
water  discharges.      Cultures  of  this  germ  have  in  some 


instances  produced  the  disease  and  in  others  have 
failed.  The  virus,  whatever  it  may  be,  commonly 
gains  entrance  into  I  ans  of  the  drink- 

ing-water; hence  in  cases  of  threatened  epidemic, 
and  during  the  prevalence  of  an  epidemic  the  purity 
of  tin-  water-supply  should  be  carefully  investigated. 
C,  Bilious,  a  form  of  the  disease  attended  witl 
iivt  disi  barge  of  bile.  C,  Chicken,  a  very  fatal  epi 
demic  di  ea  ol  fowls,  marked  bj  tumefaction  of  the 
lymphatic  glands,  with  inllammation  and  ulceration 
of  the  digestive  organs.  The  symptoms  peculiar  to 
cholera  are  wanting.  C,  English.  See  C.  nos- 
tras.  C,  European.  Se<  (  '.,  Simple.  C.  gravior. 
Synonym  of  C.  asiatica.  C.-hand.  a  livid,  grayish- 
blue,  corrugated  state  of  the  palms  of  the  hand 
from  immersion  in  water.  It  is  present  in  death 
from  drowning,  and  is  also  called  "  washerwoman's 
hand."  C,  Hog,  an  infectious  disease  attacking 
swine  and  characterized  by  a  patchy  redness  of  the 
skin,  with  inflammation  and  ulceration  of  the  bowels, 
enlargement  of  the  abdominal  glands,  and  congestion 
of  the  lungs.  C.  infantum,  the  "summer 
plaint'''  of  infants  ami  young  children;  an  acute  dis- 
ease occurring  in  warm  weather,  and  characterized  by 
gastric  pain,  vomiting,  purgation,  fever,  and  prostra- 
tion. The  cause  of  the  disease  is  the  prolonged  action 
of  heat,  together  with  errors  in  diet  and  hygiene.  It 
is  most  common  among  the  poor  and  in  hand-fed 
babes.  The  disease  is  of  short  duration,  death  fre 
quently  ensuing  in  three  to  live  days.  C.  infec - 
tiosa.  See  Cholera  asiatica.  C.  morbus,  an  acute 
catarrhal  inllammation  of  the  mucous  membrane  of 
the  stomach  and  intestines,  with  enteric  pain,  purging, 
vomiting,  spasmodic  contractions  of  the  muscles,  etc. 
It  is  a  disease  of  the  heated  term  and  is  very  similar 
to  Asiatic  cholera  in  its  symptomatology.  C.  nostras, 
also  called  Engliih  Cholera  and  Cholerine.  Same  as 
C.  morbus .  C.  sicca,  a  term  applied  to  those  cases  of 
Asiatic  cholera  in  which  rice-water  liquid  is  found  in 
the  intestines  after  death,  though  none  had  bi  1  a 
voided  during  life.  C,  Simple,  the  diarrhea  with 
cramps,  purging,  and  collapse,  common  in  the  autumn 
or  late  summer.  C,  Summer.  See  C. ,  Simple.  C. 
Voice,  the  peculiar  whispering  voice  of  those  in  the 
cold  stage  of  cholera. 

Choleraic  (kol-er-a' '-ik)  \_xo'/.tpa,  cholera].  Pertaining 
to  or  resembling  cholera.  C.  Diarrhea.  See  Diar- 
rhea. 

Choleraphobia  (kol-er-af-o' '-be-ah)  [jo/i/ja,  cholera ;  d 
priv.  ;  <p6(3og,  fear.]  Absence  of  fear  during  an  epi- 
demic of  cholera. 

Choleraphonia  [kol-er-af-o' '-ne-ah)  \_\o'/ipa,  cholera  ; 
d  priv. ;  0}  iv),  a  voice].  Aphonia  occurring  during  an 
attack  of  cholera. 

Choleriform  [ko-lcr'-iform)  \_\n/.ipn,  cholera  ;  forma, 
form].     Resembling  or  appearing  like  cholera. 

Cholerigenous     (kol-er-i/'-eu-us)     [10/tpo,    cholera; 
-/(-,  production].     Giving  origin  to  cholera. 

Cholerine  {kol'-er-in\  [dim.  of  cholera].  A  mild  case 
of  choleraic  diarrhea.  Also,  the  initiatory  stage  of 
malignant  cholera.  Also,  the  zymotic  cause  or  virus 
of  cholera.      See  Cholera  nostras. 

Choleroid  (kol'-er-oid)  [  t "/.-/>«.  cholera  ;  u6oq,  like]. 
Resembling  cholera;   choleriform. 

Cholerophobia  [kol-er-o-fo1 '-be-ah)  \_xoV.kpa,  cholera; 
<f>6  I  ■■  .  1    tr].      Morbid  dread  of  cholera. 

Cholerrhagia  [kol-er-a' '-je-ah)  [  yln,.  bile;  jtojyvvvai,  to 
burst  forth].      Synonym  of  Ch  /era  morbus. 

Cholesteatoma   (kol-cs-te-at-o'  -mah.)    \j(pKif,  bile  (chol- 
esterin)  ;  ore&TO/ia,  a  sebaceous  tumor :  //. ,  Ckolesteat- 
omata~\.      A  tumor  containing  cells  inclosing  plat' 
cholesterin,  and  occurring  most  frequently  at  the  base 


.  H<  ILESTEA  1'  'MAH'i  - 


(  HONDROG1  N 


A  in  con- 

dienl   oi   nervous 


the  brain,  bul  y  in  subcutaneous  tissue. 

It  often  in  ids,  hair-follicles,  and 

,i  -inn  u.- 
Cholesteatomatous  .  bile; 

imor].     «  >f  the  nature  of,  per- 
iteatoma. 
Cholesteremia  Cholesterin- 

emia 

lolesterin 

jn  ;  :.l  state  .  to  such 

Cholestcnn  olid], 

■ui    B 

■ 
.li.      It 

talline 

It  i-  quite 
■ 

in  rBR1N  Crystals. 

il  i-.  levo-rotatory. 
Choletelin 

ious,  soluble,  yellow 
'■in.      It  is  the  final   pro- 
It  i>  readily 
in  alka1..  iroform. 

Choleuria  ,  urine]. 

lile  in  the  urine. 
Choleverdin     |  '-Jin  J     []■-';,    bile;     viridis, 

in  in. 
Chohc  ■  ].      Pertaining  to  the  bile. 

C.  Ac.  '..     - 
Cholin  ].<    II,  \'i.      A  substance 

decomposition  of 

-   name.        It    is   also 

■ui  in  th  the  supi  •  and  is  a  pro- 

*  1 11  ithin.    It  i-  a  colorless 

fluid,  of  oil]  ses  a  strong  alkaline 

with  acid>  very  deliquescent  salts. 

It  ;  It  is  soluble  in  alcohol  or 

It  is  di  m, though  closely  relate. 1  to, 

n      C.  Group  of  Ptomaines,  four  ptomaines — 

In,  and  Muscarin — have  been  thus 

•I.    All  I  ida- 

thyl-ammonium  hydrate. 

Cholochrom-  a,  color]. 

:it. 
Cholocyst  u. 

Cholohcmatin  ,   l)ile  ;    diua, 

and    in    the  bile  of  the  ox  and 
hematin. 
Choloidinic  Aci  1 
Chololith 

Chololithiasi  holelithiasis. 

Chololith.c  ,„  ■]. 

lith. 
Cholophen  Biliphein. 

Cholopoiesis  ■  .,:>   a 

Cholorri 

Cholorrhea  ,w]. 

CholosK.  I  by 

Cholotic 


Choluria  {kol-u' -re-aK)  [  \»'n,,  Kile  ;  ovpw,  urine}.  The 
presence  of  bile,  bile-salts,  or  bile-pigments  in  the 
urine.     Also,  the  gre<  nish  coloration  of  the  urine. 

Chondodendron     [kon-do-den'-dron).     See     Chvndro- 

■<■<■>/. 
Chondral  [kon'-dral)  [\<'i'V""..  cartilage].     Cartilagin- 
ous ;  relating  to  <>r  composed  of  cardiac 
Chondralgia     {kon-dral* '-je-ak)      [^<ivo/ooc,     cartilage; 

.  |    in].      Pain  in  or  about  a  cartilage. 
Chondrectomy    [kon  drek'-to-me)    \_x6vSpOQ,  cartil. 

,  a  cutting  out].     Surgical  excision  of  a  cartil- 
age, or  of  a  part  of  one. 
Chondren  (ion'-dren)  [^wJ/aoc,  cartilage].     Belonging 

to  a  cartilage  in  itself. 
Chondrification  [kon-drif-ik-a'-shuri)    [v'r'V""'.  cartil  - 
,  to   make-].     The   process  "I    being  con- 
verted into  <  artilage  ;  the  state  of  being  chondrified. 
Chondrify    ikon' -drif-i)    [xovfipnc,   cartilage  ;    fieri,  to 
become].  erl   into  cartilage;  to  become  car- 

tilaginous. 
Chondrigen  [konr -drij-en)  \_x&vSpoq,  cartilage  : 

to  produce].     That  material  of  the  hyaline  cartilage 
which  on  boiling  with  water  becomes  chondrin. 
Chondrigenous  .{kon-driy -en-us)    \_\  .  cartilage" 

.  t<>  produce].      Producing  chondrin;    relating 
;  tilage  that  has  not  hardened. 
Chondriglucose  {kon-dre-glu' -kos)  [  V''''V"f-  cartilage  ; 
;/iu'',   sweet],      A    material  formed  by  boiling  i 
tilage  with  mineral  acids.     It  has  a  sweet  taste  and  the 
erties  of  glu< 
Chondrin         .'  .cartilage].    A  substance 

obtained  from  the  matrix  of  hyaline  cartilage  by  boil- 
ing. It  resembles  gelatin  in  general  properties,  Kut 
differs  from  it  in  not  being  precipitated  by  tannic  acid. 
The  substance  yielding  it  is  chondrigen,  probably  an 
anhydrid.  See  also  Glue. 
Chondritis  (kon-drir -lis)  [x6vdpor,  cartilage;  trie,  in- 
flammation]. Inflammation  of  a  cartilage. 
Chondroblast     [konf -dro-blast)     [v''r'V"r>    cartilage; 

rm],     A  cell  of  developing  cartilage. 
Chondroclasis    [kon-drok' -las-is)    [  v''"''V'"f.  cartilage; 

s/i'in/r,  fracture].     The  crushing  of  a  cartilage. 
Chondroclast      {kon'-dro-klast)      [r"'V"r>    cartil. 

■■'.",  to   break].      A    cell  supposed   to  be  concerned 
in  the  absorption  of  cartilage. 
Chondrocostal    [kon-dro-kos* -tal\    [^vdpof ,  cartilage  ; 
casta,     a    rib].       Relating     to     the     ribs     and     their 
cartilages. 
Chondrodendron    [kon-dro-den'-drori)     [  car- 

tilage ;    6ev6pov,  a  tree].      A  genus   of  S.    American 
menispermaceous  climbing-plants.     C.  glaberrimum 
and    C.     tomentosum    are    among    the    plants    that 
furnish  Pareira  brava. 
Chondrodynia  [kon-dro-din1 '-e-afi)   [xi,1"^f>°C,  cartilage  , 

tin].      Pain  in  a  cartil 
Chondrodystrophia    \kon-dro-dis-trof -fe-aJt)   [  k/JwJ/mjj 
cartilage;      cJuf,     bad;      TptfeiV,    to    nourish].        I'Vt.y 
rhachitis. 
Chondroepiphysis  (kon-dro-e-pif  '-is-is)  \  carti- 

lage; ,  an   outgrowth].      A    cartilage    thai 

tined  to  become  an  epiphysis  ;  anepiphysis  that  has 
been  devi  li  ipi  d  from  cartilage. 
Chondrofibroma  [kon-dro-Ji-bro1 '-niah  poc,  carti- 

•.  a  a  tumor:  pi. ,  Chondrofibro- 

'//].     Chondroma  with  fibromatous  elemei 
Chondrofibromatous  [kon-dro-fi-br(/-mat-t4s)  [  r/rfwTpoc, 
• ;    fibra,  a  fiber  ;   Ifia,  a  tumor].      « )f  the  na- 
ture  ndrofibron 

Chondrogen  (kon' -dro-jeti)  [;f(5v<Jpoc,  cartilage  ; 

|.      i.   See    Chondrigen.     2.    A    substance 
found  in  fetal  and  early  life,  forming  a  part  of   the  tis- 
of  imperfectly  developed  cartil 


CHONDROGENESIS 


293 


CHI  IREIC 


Chondrogenesis  >.-'  [        rlpoc,  cartil 

ykvtmq,  formation].     The  formation  ol  cartila 

Chondrogenetic  [kon-dro-jen-eP -H    |  i  irtilage; 

yiveoif,  formation].     Forming   cartilage;    relating 
chondrogenesis. 

Chondrogenous   [kon-droj' -en-ns)    [  i  irtilage; 

ytvECiq,  production].      (Jf   the  nature  of  chondroLv 
producing  cartila 

Chondroglucose  {kon-dro  ioc,  cartil 

VKvg,  sweet].     One  of  the  glucoses.     See  Card 
droit  and  Glucose. 

Chondrography   {kon-drog/ -ra-fe)  \yd  ■     .irtilage; 

ypatpetv,  to  write].      An   anatomic  description  of   the 
cartilages. 

Chondroid     (kon'-droid)     \_\  cartilage;    cIJoc, 

form].      Resembling  cartilage. 

Chondrology  [kon-droP -o-je)  \j(6v8poq,  cartilage ;  /• 
science].     The  science  of  cartilages. 

Chondroma  {kon-dro' -malt)  \x6v6poq,  cartilage;  bna, 
tumor].      A  cartilaginous  tumor.     See  Enchondroma. 

Chondromalacia  (kon-dro-mal-a' '-se-ah\  \j(6v6poc,  car- 
tilage; [la/.ania,  softening].  Softening  of  a  cartilage. 
C.  auris.     Same  as  Hematoma  our;-. 

Chondromalacosis  {kon-dro-mal-ak-o' 'sis).  See  Chon- 
dromalacia. 

Chondromatous  [kon-drom'-at-us)  [;r;<5v<Jpoc,  cartilage ; 
dfta,  a  tumor].    Relating  to  or  of  the  nature  of  cartilage. 

Chondro-myxoma(/v)i/-(/;o-w//'.t-(/-WM//)  [ x^vdpoc, car- 
tilage ;  i'i;n,  mucus;  bun,  a  tumor:  pi.,  Chondro- 
myxomataX.  A  chondroma  with  myxomatous  ele- 
ments. 

Chondrosarcoma  {kon-dro-sar-ko'-mah)  [xbvSpoz,  car- 
tilage ;  oapnu/ia,  sarcoma:  //.,  Chondrosarcomata~\. 
A  cartilaginous  and  sarcomatous  tumor. 

Chondrosarcomatous  {kon-dro-sar-komf  -at-us)  \_X"V~ 
Jpoc,  cartilage  ;  aapKio/ta,  sarcoma].  Relating  to  chon- 
drosarcoma. 

Chondrosis  {kon-dro' -sis)  [x'^'^C'C,  cartilage].  For- 
mation of  cartilage. 

Chondrosteous  {kon-dros'-le-us)  [^<5vdpoc,  cartilage; 
bariov,  bone].  In  biology,  having  a  cartilaginous 
skeleton. 

Chondrotome  {kon'-dro-toni)  [xbvdpoc,  cartilage  ;  touoc;, 
cutting].      An  instrument  for  cutting  cartilage. 

Chondrotomy  (kon-drol' -o-me)  [jowfywc,  cartilage; 
r  i!ti\  to  cut].  The  dissection  or  surgical  division 
of  a  cartilage,  or  the  anatomic  analysis  of  a  cartilage. 

Chondrus  (kon'-drus)  [_X^V^P'K>  a  grain>  cartilage]. 
I.  Iri^h  Moss.  The  substance  of  the  algae  C.  crispus 
and  Gigartina  mamillosa.  These  yield,  on  boiling  with 
water,  a  soluble  colloid  consisting  mainly  of  mucilage. 
This  is  demulcent  and  somewhat  nutrient,  and  is 
sometimes  used  in  making  blanc  tnange.  Dose  indefi- 
nite. Unof.  See  CarragJiecn.  2.  A  cartilage ;  the 
ensiform  cartilage. 

Chopart's  Amputation.  See  Operations,  Table  of.  C. 
Operations.      See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Chopping  (chop/ -ing).     See  Percussion. 

Chorda  (kor' -(tah)[L.  ,acord  :  pl.,C/iorda~\.  A  cord, ten- 
don, or  filament  of  nerve.  C.  caudalis,  the  urochord. 
C.  dorsalis.  See  A'oloc/iord.  C.  spinalis,  the 
spinal  cord.  C.  tendineae,  the  tendinous  strings 
connecting  the  columns  cornea  of  the  heart  with  the 
auriculo-ventricular  valves.  C.  tympani,  a  filament 
of  the  Vidian  nerve  that  enters  the  tympanum.  C. 
umbilicalis,  the  umbilical  cord.  C.  vertebralis,  the 
notochord  ;  the  spinal  cord.  C.  vocalis,  one  of  the 
vocal  bands  or  thyro-arytenoid  ligaments. 

Chordal  {kor'-dal)  [chorda,  a  cord].  Relating  to  a 
chorda,  especially  to  the  notochord. 

Chordapsus  {kor-dap'-sus)  [xop^'i,  an  intestine  ;  airretv, 
to  tie  up].     Synonym  of  Acute  Intestinal  Catarrh. 


Chordee  (kor-dc')  [x"i><*";,  a  cord].  A  symptom  of 
gonorrhea  consisting  of  painful  erection  and  down- 
n  ard  <  tin  ature  i  >i  the  penis. 

Chorditis   (kor-d'd  •tis}   [;ropc$//,  a  cord ;    tnc,  inflamma- 
tion],     Inflammation  of   the  vocal  bands.     C.  tuber- 
osa,    a    localized    thickening    on     the    vocal    bands, 
often   bilateral,   and  situated   at   the    junction   of 
posterior  two-thirds  with  the  anterior  third. 

Chordotonal  !  . 

tone].  In  biology,  applied  to  sense-organs  or 
parts  of  arthropods  that  are  responsive  to  sound- 
vibratii  > 

Chorea  '   ill)     [xopeia,    dancing].      St.    Yitus's 

dance.  A  functional  nervous  disorder,  usually  occur- 
ring in  youth,  characterized  by  spasmodic  and  con- 
vulsive contraction  and  non-rhythmic  action  of  the 
muscles  of  the  extremities,  face,  etc.  The  action  of 
the  heart  is  irregular,  and  in  a  large  number  of  i 
a  systolic  murmur  is  present.  Rheumatism  is  a  fre- 
quent complication.  Chorea  may  be  caused  by  a 
number  of  conditions,  among  which  are  fright  and 
reflex  irritations,  but  it  is  essentially  a  disease  of  the 
later  period  of  childhood,  and  affects  girls  about  three 
times  as  frequently  as  boys.  Occasionally  it  is  seen 
in  the  adult,  and  may  become  a  serious  complication 
of  pregnancy,  resulting  in  the  death  of  both  fetus 
and  mother.  When  it  occurs  late  in  life  it  generally 
resists  treatment.  C,  Automatic,  an  affection  in 
which  paroxysms  of  apparently  purposive  actions 
occur  independently  of  the  will,  as  the  result  of  an 
impulse  that  arises  spontaneously  or  that  occurs  in 
response  to  a  stimulus  received  from  without.  C, 
Buttonmaker's,  a  form  of  chorea  in  girls  empl< 
in  button-mills,  the  result  of  application  at  their  trade. 
The  fingers  move  involuntarily  when  not  at  work, 
following  the  same  motions  as  when  guiding  the 
procession  of  buttons.  It  is  due  to  an  erethism  of 
the  centers  in  the  brain  for  the  hands  and  fingers. 
C,  Chronic.  See  C. ,  Huntingdon  s.  C,  Electric. 
See  Dnbini  s  Discus:.  C,  Epidemic,  dancing  mania. 
See  Choromania.  C.  festinans.  See  Paralysi 
tans.  C.  germanorum,  a  term  for  the  major  form  of 
chorea.  C. -habit.  See  Spasm.  C,  Hereditary. 
SeeC ,  Huntingdon's.  C,  Hysterical.  See  C. ,  Major. 
C,  Huntingdon's,  an  affection  frequently  hereditary, 
of  adult  or  middle  life,  characterized  by  irregular 
movements,  disturbance  of  speech,  and  gradual  de- 
mentia. It  was  first  described  by  Huntingdon,  a 
physician  of  Long  Island,  U.  S.  C.  insaniens, 
maniacal  chorea  ;  a  grave  form  of  chorea  usually  seen 
in  adult  women,  and  associated  with  maniacal  symp- 
toms. This  may  develop  from  the  ordinary  form,  and 
usually  ends  fatally.  It  may  develop  during  preg- 
nancy. C,  Maniacal.  See  C.  insaniens.  C,  Major, 
the  hysterical  chorea  of  the  French,  in  which  there 
are  regular  oscillatory  movements  of  the  parts.  C, 
Mimetic,  that  which  is  caused  by  imitation.  C, 
Minor,  simple  chorea.  C.  oscillatoria  is  marked  by 
more  or  less  regular  oscillations  of  the  head,  trunk,  or 
limbs.      C,   Post-hemiplegic.     S  is.     C 

Post-paralytic,  a  form  of  involuntary  movement  seen 
in  patients  after  an  attack  of  hemiplegia.  C,  Rhyth- 
mic. See  C,  Major.  C,  Rotatory,  a  hysterical  form 
associated  with  rhythmic  movements  ol  the  1 
or  head.  C,  School-made,  chorea  resulting  from 
overstimulation  of  children  at  school  by  parents  and 
teachers.  C.  scriptorum.  See  Cram 
C,  Senile.  See  Paralysis  agitans.  C.  spastica. 
See    /'  Infantile   Spasmodic.      C,  Syden- 

ham's, ordinary  chorea. 

Choreic  '-ik)  [xopeia,  dancing].      Relating  to,  of 

the  nature  of,  or  aftected  with,  chorea. 


CHOREU  i  IRM 


294 


i   IlkoMATnl'SKlDOPSIS 


Choreifonn  .   dancing;   forma, 

form].      Resembling  ch<  n 
Choremania  t,  dancing; 

madness].     Synonym    I 
Choreoid  •  like]. 

Pertain  milai  to 

reomanu  mia. 

Chorial  ilil'- 

Chohob!  ,    skin ; 

of  growth  of 
the  corium  :r  tissue. 

Chorio  capillars  |  ■    skin  ; 

pillaries  over  the 
inn  f  the  eye.     See 

Choriocele  :-u]  '• 

A    hernial  protrusion  "I'  the  choroid 

Chorioid 

Chorioidal 

Chorioideremia  See    Choroi- 

Chorioidiritis  See  Choroido-iritis. 

Chorioiditis  See  Ch        litis. 

Chorioido-retinitis      *  ' -o-ret-in-i' -tis).        See 

nitis. 

Chorion  n  .  fetal    membrane].      The 

nl  meml  formed   from   the 

rnal   layer   of  the  non-germinal    epiblast.       The 

tween    tin-  amnion  and    the  decidiue 

C. ,  Cystic  Degeneration  of,  a 

rare  myxom  seaseof  the  chorion,  producing  the 

It    is    characterized    by 

id  increase  in  the   size  of  the  uterus,  hemorrhage, 

ginning  during  the  second  month    of 

[,r.  j  and  the  discharge  of  small  cysts,  whitish  in 

ap;  .  surrounded  by  bloody  clots.     These  cysts 

vary  in  size  from  a  pin's  head  to   a    filbert.      C.   leve, 

the  m-villous  portion  of  the  chorion.     C, 

Primitive,  membrane  (or  Zonapellucidd) 

during  tin-  time  of  the  development  of  the  hollow, 

villi  upon  its  surface.     C,  Shaggy,  or  C. 

frondosum,  the  part  covered  by  villi. 

Chorionic  .  the  chorion].      Relat- 

lorion. 
Chorionitis  i'-tis).     ~  roderma. 

Choripetalous  c,     asunder  ; 

•  ].      In  biology,  applied  to  a  corolla  wi 

Chorisi1-  ,  a  separation].     Inbiology, 

two  or  more  members  when  but 
ted  ;   a  doubling. 
Choroid  .    the  chorion  ;  eWoc,  like- 

ular  tunic  of  the  eye,  con- 
tinuous with    the   iri-    in  front    and  lying   between  the 
1  the  retina,      C.  Plexus,  a  vascular  plexus 
in  the  i  of  tin-  brain.     C.  Sulcus  (of 

Schwalbe  .  .       tre  of.     C.    Vein. 

in. 
Choroidal  ■//. 

Choroideremia  >piov,  the  cho- 

;  !        Absi 

pithelium    of  the 

Choroiditis  he  chorion  ;    irir, 

l  hoi'. id  coat  of 

It   may  1  <  the    fo<  i    of  exudation 

ng  at  I  ■/■(//, 

iacula  hn 
d    by  numerous 
■id  or   irregular  the  fundus; 

,  when  there  are  isolated 


of    inflammation    scattered    over    the    choroid; 

metastatic  .  when  due  to  embolism  ;   and  suppurah 

when  proceeding  to  suppuration.     C.  serosa.     Syno- 

n\  in  of  Glaucoma. 

Choroiuo-iritis  [ko-roidf-o-i-ri'-tis)[  {6picn>,  the  chorion; 

like;    Iptg,  th''    rainbow;    trig,  inflammation]. 

Inflammation  of  the  choroid  and  the  iri>. 

Choroido-retinitis  (ko-roid'  o  ret-in-i' '-tis)  \Kbpiav,  the 
chorion;  u6og,  like  ;  retina,  the  retina;  trtc,  inflam- 
mation]. Choroiditis  with  retinitis,  C.-r.,  Ametro- 
pic,  i  aused  bj  ametropia. 

Choromania  [ko-ro-ma1 '-ne-ah)   [^op<5c,  a  dance  ;  w 
madness],     A   nervous   disorder   manifest   at   various 
time-  and   places,   and    i  i    b)    dancing  or 

other    rhythmic    movements;    epidemic  chorea;  dan- 
cing mania. 

Chrchtschonovitsch's  Method.  A  method  of  stain- 
ing tissues.     See  Stains,  Table  of. 

Christian  Science  (kris'-chan  H'-ens).  An  alleged 
system  of  therapy  ;   faith-cure,  or  one  form  of  it. 

Christison's  Formula.  A  formula  for  estimating  the 
amount  of  solids  in  the  urine:  Multiply  the  last  two 
figures  oi  pecific  gravity  expressed  in  tour  figures 

by  2.33  (or  by  2,    Trapp ;  or  by  2.2,  LabiscK).     This 
gives  th'--  amount  of  solids  in  every  iooo  parts. 

Chromate     [kro'-mai]  ■  ",   color].     Any  salt  of 

chromic  acid. 

Chromatic  [kro-mat'-ik)  [xihjiki,  color].  Relating  to 
or  possessing  color.  C.  Audition,  luminous  sensations 
aroused  by  sound.  See  Photism.  C.  Gustation. 
See  Gustati  1:. 

Chromatin  {kro> '-mat-in)  [xf"~>!m>  color].  The  chro- 
matophilous,  or  tingible  portion  of  the  protoplasm, 
forming  a  delicate  reticular  network  or  plexus  of 
librils  permeating  the  achromatin  of  a  typical  cell  in 
process  of  division.  It  is  called  also  Karyomiton. 
see  t  'ell-body. 

Chromation  [kro-ma' '-shun)  [  1  /'■'ma,  color].  The  pro- 
cess of  tingeing  or  staining. 

Chromatism  [kro> '-mat-izm)  \_xi"'"nTlol"'^  coloring]. 
I.  Abnormal  coloration  of  any  tissue.  2.  Chromatic 
aberration. 

Chromatoblast  (kro-maf '-o-blast)  [jpr7>//a,  color; 
A'/an-<'n\  a  germ].     Same  as  Chromatopkt 

Chromatodysopia  (kro-mat-o-dh  (/-pe-ah ) [ xpuua, 
color;  6vo,  ill;  bij)i£,  vision].     Color-blindni 

Chromatogenous  ikro-mat-oj' -en-us)  [xi"~>!'"t  color; 
yevvdeiv,  to  beget].     Producing  color. 

Chromatology  {kro-mat-oF -o-je)  [xp&ua,  color ;  ~/&yog, 
science].  The  science  of  colors.  Abo  the  spectro- 
scopic investigation  of  colors. 

Chromatopathia  [kro-mat-o-pathr-e -ah)  []  'olor; 

jr&dog,    disease].       Any    pigmentary    skin-disease;    a 
chromatosis. 

Chromatopathy  (kro-mat-op/-a-the).  See  Chromato- 
pathia. 

Chromatophile  {kro-mat'-o-fil).  Same  as  Chromo- 
phil 

Chromatophobia  [kro-mat-o-fof -be-aK)   [xi"-'""-  color; 
lo{ ,  dread  ].      Abnoi  mal  fear  ol  color-.. 

Chromatophore  [kro'-mat  o-for)  \  ^pu/xa,  color;  <f>6poc, 
bearing].  In  biology,  (i)  one  of  the  contractile  pig- 
ment-sacs,  abundant  in  the  skin  of  many  animals,  e.g., 
squid,  chameleon  ;  (2)  one  of  the  pigmented  marginal 
sense-organs  of  an  Actinozoan;  " bourse  calicinale ,-" 
(3)  a  plastid  containing  chlorophyl,  or  oth<  r  coloring- 
matt  1  ;  1  olor-granule,  chromoplast,  1  hromoleui  ite. 

Chromatophorous   {kro-mat-off*       us)  |  ^pa/ia,  color; 
/r,  to    bear].     Containing   pigment    or   pigment- 
< .  Us. 

Chromatopseudopsis  [kro-mat-o-su-dopf-sis)  [xt>'~"iai 
color;  ||   -    '■,  false;  6t/wc,  sight].     Color-blindness. 


CHRMMATOrsiA 


295 


CHRONIZOOSF  IRE 


Chromatopsia  {Aro-mat-op/-s,  ah)  [^pw/wi,  color ;   •■■ 
vision].     Abnormal  sensation   of    color.      It  may  be 
due    to  disorders  of   the   optic   centers,   or   to  drugs, 
especially  santonin. 

Chromatopsy  {kro'  mat-op-se).      See  Chromatopsia. 

Chromatoptometry  (iro-mat-op-tom'-et-re)  \_xpupa, 
color;  dirTeiv,  to  sec  ;  »  r;i/i,  ;i  measure].  The  test- 
ing of  the  sensibility  of  the  eye  with  respect  to  color- 
perception. 

Chromatoscope  [kro-matf -o-skb  [;r/pd>pa,  color; 
OKoKtiv,  to  observe].  An  instrument  for  determining 
the  retractive  index  of  colored  light. 

Chromatoscopy  [hro-mat-os/-ho-pe)  [^poi^a,  color; 
OKcmelv,  to  observe].  The  determination  of  the  color 
of  objects. 

Chromatosis  (kro-mat-o/-sis)  [  \p<~,iim.  color].      Pigmen- 
tation ;    a  pathologic    process   or    pigmentary  disi 
consisting  in  a  deposit  of  coloring-matter  in  a  locality 
where  it  is  usually  nut  present,  or  in  excessive  quan- 
titv  in  regions  where  pigment  normally  exists. 

Chromatosome  [kro-maf '-o-sdtri)  [^pdi/zrc,  color;  cujia, 
body].     In  bii  »logy,  the  "  nuclear  rods  "  of  the  nucli 

Chromaturia  [kro-mat-u' '-re-ah)  [;fpejpa,  color;  ovpov, 
urine].      Abnormal  coloration  of  the  urine. 

Chrome  {krom)  [  \p(.:iui,  color].  Chromium,  q.v.  C- 
alum.  See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  C. -black. 
See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  C.-carmin.  Same  as 
Clirome-red.  C.  chlorid.  See  Pigments,  Conspectus 
of.  C. -garnet.  Same  as  Chrome-red.  C. -green.  See 
Pigments, Conspectus  of.  C. -orange.  Same  as  Chrome- 
red.  C.-red,  a  pigment ;  basic  lead  chromate.  See 
Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  C. -vermilion.  Same  as 
Chrome-red.  C. -yellow,  lead  chromate,  a  pigment. 
See  Chromium,  and  Pigments,   Conspectus  of. 

Chromesthesia  (krom-es-thef-zc-ah)  [xpupa,  color; 
aioOrjaic,  perception  by  the  senses].  The  association 
of  colors  with  words,  letters,  and  sounds. 

Chromhidrosis  (krom-hid-rc/sis).  Same  as  Chromid- 
rosis. 

Chromic  [kromf-ik)  [xP^!La>  color].  Pertaining  to  or 
made  from  chromium.  C.  Acid.  See  Acid.  C.  Acid 
Test.     See   Tests,  Table  of. 

Chromicize  (kr& '-mis-iz).  To  impregnate  with  chromic 
acid. 

Chromidrosis  [krom-id-ro'-sis)  [yp(j//a,  color;  idpojf, 
sweat].  A  rare  condition  of  the  sweat  in  which  it  is 
variously  colored ,  being  bluish ,  blackish,  reddish,  green- 
ish, or  yellowish.  Black  sweat  (Seborrhea  nigricans  i 
occurs  usually  in  hysterical  girls,  the  part  aftected  being 
the  face.  It  is  associated  with  chronic  constipation  and 
is  due  to  the  presence  of  indican  in  the  sweat.  Red 
sweat,  hematidrosis,  may  be  due  to  an  exudation  of 
blood  into  the  sweat-glands,  or  to  the  presence  of  a 
microorganism  in  the  sweat.  See  Jl/icrococcus  hama- 
todes,  Babes,  under  Bacteria.  Table  of. 

Chromium  [kro'-me-um)  [xP(J"a  color].  Cr  =52.2; 
quanti valence  II  and  IV.  One  of  the  elements  of 
the  iron  group.  The  various  salts  of  chromium, 
especially  chromic  acid,  Cr2<  >;,  are  much  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  pigments  and  in  dyeing  textile  fabrics. 
All  are  poisonous.  Potassium  dichromate  (bichromate 
of  potash),  K.,Cr207,  is  used  in  various  pharmaceutic 
and  chemic  operations.  C. -green.  Same  as  Chrome- 
green. 

Chromocrinia  {kro-mo-krin' -e-ah)  [  xpajia,  color ; 
npivsiv,  to  separate].  The  secretion  of  coloriny- 
matter,  as  in  the  sweat,  etc. 

Chromocytometer  { kro-mo-si-tom' '-ef-er)  [  xp''<"" . 
color;  kvtoc,  cell;  uirpov,  a  measure].  An  instru- 
ment for  estimating  the  proportion  of  hemoglobin 
present  in  the  blood. 

Chromocytometry       (kro-mo-si-tom'-et-re)      [xp^un^ 


color;  KVTOQ,  cell ;   uirpov,  a.  va    tsure;  v6aog,  disea 
The   estimation    of    hemoglobin     bj    means    of    the 
chromocytometi  1 . 
Chromodermatosis     [kro-mo-der-mat-of -sis)     \_XP{ 
color;  6ipfia,  skin].     A  skin-disi  1  by 

discoloration  of  the  surface. 
Chromogen  [kro* '-mo-jen)  \xpu\M,  color;   ,  .  pro- 

duction].    Any  principle  of  the  animal  or  vegetable 
economy   which   (though    it   is  itself  not  of   any  | 
nounced  color)  is   susceptible,  under  suitable  circum- 
stances, of  being  changed  into  a  coloring-matter. 

Chromogenic   (kro-mo-jen'-ik)  [  > 

luction].      I.   Relating  to  chromogen.       2.    Color- 
producing. 

Chromoleucite  (hro-mo-Iu'-slt)  [^pw/ta,  color;  T&vK&q, 
white].      Same  as  Chrom 

Chromopare  (kr<>'  -mo-par)  [xpu/ia,  color].  In  biology, 
applied  by  Beyerinck  to  those  chromogenic  bacteria 
that  excrete  the  pigment,  remaining  colorless  them- 
selves.    Cf.  Chromophori  and  Para-chromophor. 

Chromophan  (kro'-mo-fin)  [xpafia,  color;  (paiveiv,  to 
appear].  In  biology,  the  pigment  of  the  inner  seg- 
ments of  the  retinal  cones  of  certain  animals.  There 
are  at  least  three  varieties,  chlorophan,  rhodophan, 
xanthophan.     (Ruhnes  1. 

Chromophile  [kro,-mo-fil\.     Same  as  Chromophil  u  . 

Chromophilous  {kro-moff' -il-us)  [  \puj.u,  color ;  <■  /or, 
loving].  Readily  stained;  easily  absorbing  color; 
applied  to  tissues  prepared  for  microscopic  study. 

Chromophore   (kro' -mo-fur)    |  ,  color;    tpipetv,  to 

bear].  In  biology,  applied  by  Beyerinck  to  those 
chromogenic  bacteria  that  possess  pigment  as  an 
integral  part  of  their  organism.  Cf.  Chromopare  and 
Para-chromophor. 

Chromophytosis     {kro-mofi-to'-sis)      \  a,  color; 

(j)vr6v,  a  plant].  I.  Any  microscopic  plant-growth  that 
produces  a  discoloration  of  the  skin  in  which  it  grows  ; 
any  pigmentary  skin-disease  caused  by  microscopic 
vegetation.  2.  A  synonym  of  Tinea  versicolor,  or 
Pichstedt' s  Disease.  See  Tinea  versicolor,  anil  Diseases, 
Table  of. 

Chromoplastid,  or  Chromoplastidule  (kro-moflas'- 
tid,  or  kro-mo-plas'-t id-til ')  \_xpuim,  color;  TT/.aooeiv, 
to  form].  In  biology,  a  pigment-granule  imbedded 
in  the  protoplasm  of  a  plant  or  animal.  It  is  also 
called  chromoleucite. 

Chromopsia     {krdm-op'-se-ah).      See  Chromatopsia. 

Chromoptometer    [kro-mop-tomr -et-er)    [.  .  <olor; 

//  rpov,  a  measure].  A  contrivance  for  determining 
the  extent  of  development  of  color-vision. 

Chromosome  (krof  -mo-sotn)  \_xpafia,  color;  aufia, 
bodv].  Any  one  of  the  nuclear  chromatin-fibrils  <>l 
a  cell.  According  to  some  observers  there  is  only  one 
such  fibril  in  closely  intertwined  folds.  Others  say 
that  the  chromosomes  are  many,  and  of  two  varieties, 
the  fine  and  the  coarse. 

Chromostroboscope  ( kro-mo-stro' -bo-skop)  [  xP<~>"n, 
color;  crp63or,  a  twisting;  OKOtreiv,  to  inspect].  A 
device  for  showing  the  persistence  of  visual  impres- 
sions of  color. 

Chromule  {kr</-mul)  [xpi'.wn.  color;  vhj,  matter].  In 
biology,  coloring-matter  in  plants,  especially  when  not 
green,  or  when  liquid. 

Chronic    {kron'-ik)    [;rpdvoc,  time].      Long-continued; 
of  long  duration  ;  slow  of  progress ;  opposed  to  a 
and  to  subacute. 

Chronicity  [kro-nis'-it-e)    \jxp6voc,   time].  state 

of  being  chronic  or  long-continued. 

Chronizoospore  [kro-niz-o* '-o-spor)  [upoviog,  1 

an  animal;  oiropa,  seed].  One  of  the  microzoogoni- 
dia  or  minute  zoospores  or  resting-spores,  produced  by 
the  water-net,  Hydrodictyon. 


CHRi  »N(  »GR  \1*I  I 


296 


i  HYLIFICA  inkV 


Chronograph 

write].     An  instrument  for  graphically  recording  inter 
vals    of   time,    in    physiologic    and    psycho-physical 
experimi 
Chronoscope  tin 

inspect].      An    instrument    for   measuring   extremely 

it    intcrv.il>  of  time.     C,  A-form.  an    apparatus 

introduced    by   Galton    for   measuring    the   time   of 

.mi    psycho-physical    reactions.       It    is    so   railed 

tn  its  outline,   which   somewhat  resembles  that  ol 

tin-  letter  A 

Chronosteal  .    time ;    bcrriov, 

bone].     Relating  t"  the  chronost< 
Chronosteor.  temporal)  ; 

.  bone].      ["he  temporal  boi 
Chronothermal  .  ■.    [xpAvog ,  time ;  dipfta, 

beat]       Pertaining  to  the  theory  that  all  diseases  are 
terized  b)  if  intermitting  chill  and  heat ; 

relating  to  periodicity  in  changes  of  bodily  tempera- 
ture. 
Chrobpsia  ah)    [»""',  color;    uxptc,  sight]. 

Chrotal    Epithelium      krt/-t  thef-le-um).     The 

•  m. 
Chrotic   [kro'-tik)   [^f/Jwc,   the  skin].      Relating    to  the 

in. 
Chrotoplast    [A  .       in;    -'/aaaeiv,  to 

uj.     A  -kin-cell ;  a  dermal  or  epithelial  cell. 
Chrymar's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Tabic  of. 
Chrysalis    [kris* -al-is)    [,y/)W7<5c,  gold].     The  pupa  or 
indary    stage    in    the    transformation    of    insects, 
called  from   the  golden  color  of  certain  chrysa- 
lidt 
Chrysamin  [kris/ -am-in)  [\pvauc,  gold  ;  amin\  <  '._,,.  I 116- 
\  '  *4Naj.      Plavophenin  ;  a  coal-tar  color  of  the  oxy- 
ap,  used  in  dyeing.      It  dye.-  on  cotton  a  sulphur- 
yellow,  remarkably  fast  to  light.     See  Pigments,  Con- 
spe 
Chrysanilin    [kris-an' -il-in)    [x(>V(7<>C,    gold;    anilinl, 
II, A  MI , ...      A  body  obtained  as  a  by-product 
in   the  manufacture  of  rosanilin.      It  crystallizes  from 
dilute    alcohol   in    golden-yellow  needles,  melting  at 
about  26S0.      It  is  used  largely  as  a  dye-stuff,  yielding 
a  very  beautiful  yellow    color.      See   Pigments,   Con- 

Chrysanisic  Acid  [kris-ati-is' -ik).      See  Acid. 
Chrysarobin,  or  Chrysarobinum    [kris-ar-of -bin,    or 
krx  num)   [  xfivaog,    gold;    aroba  (nat.    East 

;r^  of  a  leguminous  tree],  <  \,,I  !.,,.<  >7.     A  reduc- 
tion-product of  chrysophanic  acid  ;  it  occurs  in  goa- 
iba-powder.      It  is  a  yellow-colored 
duct  of  the  decay  of  Andira  araroba, 
It  1-  a  gastro  intestinal  irritant,  and 
en  applied  1<  ically  in  psoriasis.    It 
d  irk    yellowish-brown  color,  which 
in-.  d  by  a  weak   solution    of   chimin. 

nally.gr.   \-\.     C,  Ung.,  contains 

I  bug   with  90  per  cent,  benzoated 
lard. 

Chrysaurin  in)     [xpvadg,    gold;     aurum, 

Chrysen.  ,      h„.       A    hy. 

r.       It     is    generally 
ndered  perfectly  colorli 

II  '  •!   or  ether  ;  melts  al 

and  sub- 
limes in  sib  ibil  an   intense  v\ 

fill"! 

Chrysenic  Acid 

Chrysin  ,        A  color 

n    I  Hack 
ar. 


Chrysoidin  [kris-oi'-din)  [xpvo6g,  gold ;  eidog,  like]. 
1.  CjjHjN^CI.  A  coal-tar  color  used  in  dyeing,  it 
is  the  hydrochlorid of  diamidoazobenzene.     It  consists 

ol  .  I. irk  violet  crystals  soluble  in  water.    It  dyes  bright- 
yellow  on  >tlk  and  cotton.     See  Pigments,  Conspt 

2.  CjHjjOj.     A  yellow  coloring  substance  found 
in  asparagus  berries. 

Chrysoin  (kris'-o-in) .     See  Orange  Colors. 

Chrysolin  [kris'-o-lin)  \_\,»-<".  gold;  oleum,  oil], 
»'..,,!  I, „(  I .'.'  "  Hi'MI.  A  coal-tar  color  of  the  phtha- 
lein  group,  used  in  dyeing.  It  is  the  sodium  salt  of 
benzyl-fluorescein.  It  produces  a  yellow  color,  similar 
to  that  of  turmeric,  on  silk,  cotton  and  wool.  See 
Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Chrysophan  \krisf -o-fan)  \_xpva6g  gold;  ipalveiv,  to 
-how],  CigHjgOg.  A  yellow,  crystalline  body  found 
in  rhubarb.  It  has  a  distinctly  bitter  taste,  is  readily 
soluble  in  warm  water  and  diluted  alcohol,  but  insolu- 
ble in  ether.      It  is  also  called  Chrysophanin. 

Chrysophanic  Acid  [kris-o-fan' '-ik).     See  Acid. 

Chrysophanin  [kris-o-fanf-in).  See  Crysophan,  and 
Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Ghrysophyl  [kris' '-o-fit)  \_xpva6g,  gold;  <f>vA.h)v,  a  leaf]. 
Xanthophyl  ;  a  bright  golden-yellow  crystalline  pig- 
ment derived  from  leaves. 

Chrysorrhamnin  [kris-or-am' '-nin)  [xpvoog,  gold  ;  pd/n- 
vog,  a  prickly  shrub].  The  yellow  pigment  found  in 
French  berries.      See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Chthonophagia,  or  Chthonophagy  [thon-o-fa* -je-ah, 
or  thon-off' -a-je)  [ir'wr,  earth  ;  tya^ttv,  to  eat].  Dirt- 
eating  ;   geophagy. 

Churning  Sound  [churn'-ing  sound).  A  peculiar 
splashing-sound  like  that  made  by  a  churn,  heard  in 
the  chest  in  some  cases  of  pleural  effusion. 

Churrus  {churf-us)  [Hind. ,charas\.  Hemp-resin.  See 
Cannabis. 

Chvostek's  Sign.  See  Tetany  ;  also  Signs  and  Symp- 
toms, Table  of. 

Chylaceous  {ki-la' ' -se-us)  \chylus,  chyle].  Composed 
of  chyle. 

Chylangioma  [ki-lan-je-or-mah)\chylus,  chyle;  ayyelov, 
a  vessel].  Retention  of  chyle  in  lymphatic  vessels 
with  dilatation  of  the  latter. 

Chylaqueous     ( kit -a'-kwe-us)    [v1''''' •    chyle;    aqua, 
water].     Like  water  and  chyle.      C.  Fluid,  the  di 
ted  food  or  nutritive  lluid  in  the  somatic  or  periga-tric 
cavity  of  invertebrates;   it   is  never  enclosed   in   dis- 
tinct vessels  and  represents  the  blood  of  higher  animal-. 

Chyle  (/•//)  [^uA^c,  juice].  The  milk-white  fluid  ab- 
sorbed by  the  lacteals  during  digestion.  <  >n  -landing, 
it  separates  into  a  thin,  jelly-like  clot  and  a  substance 
identical  with  serum.  C. -corpuscle,  any  floating  cell 
of  the  chyle.  These  cells  resemble,  and  are  probably 
identical  with,  the  colorless  blood-corpuscles.  C- 
gland,  Cheshire's  name  for  system  11,  of  the  "sali 
vary  glands  "of  bees. 

Chylidrosis    (kll-id-ro'-sis)    [  t  /■/--«■,  chyle  ;     Idpoo 
sweating],      Milkiness  of  the  sweat. 

Chylifaction  [ki  /<■-,  or  kil-if-ak'-shun)  \chylus,  chyle  ; 
facere,  to  make].     The  forming  of  chyle  from  food. 

Chylifactive  [ki-le-,  or  kil-if-akf -tiv)  \chylus,  chyle ; 
facere,  make]      Chyle  forming. 

Chyliferous  [ki-lif -er-us)  \chylus,  chyle;  ferre,  to 
(any],       I.    <  hvle  forming.      2.    Containing  chyle. 

Chylific  [ki-lif-ik)  \chylus,  chyle ;  facere,  to  make]. 
Making  chyle  ;   pertaining  to  chylifaction. 

Chylification  [ki-le-.  or kil-if-ik-a' -shun)  [  i[vX6g,  chyle  ; 
I       The  process  by  which  the  chyle  is 
formed,  separated  and    absorbed   by  the   villi  of  the 
small  intestine. 

Chylificatory  (ki-lif '-ik-at  o-re)  \chylus,  chyle;  facre, 
t. .  in  1    .    ]        Chyle  making. 


CM  VI. IKY 


297 


I  [LIARY 


Chylify  (ki'-lifi)  [chylus, chyle :  facere,  to  make].  I. 
To  make  into  chyle.      2.   To  be  made  into  chyle. 

Chylocele  {ki'-lo-sll)  [i>'>-'»;,  chyle;  /./,///,  a  tumor]. 
Ad  effusion  of  chyle  into  the  tunica  vaginalis  testis. 
C,  Parasitic.     Sec  Filaria  sanguinis  hominis. 

Chylocyst  [ki'  -lo-sist)  [xv/lk\  juice;  frfiffrtc,  bladder], 
'■"he  chyle-bladder;   the  reservoir  of  Pecquet. 

Chylocystic  (ki-lo-sis' '-til;)  \yykbg,  juice  ;  Kbarig,  blad- 
der!.     Relating  to  the  chylocyst. 

Chyloderma    [ki-lo-der'-mah)    [rvUg,   lymph;    <v 
skin].      Scrotal    elephantiasis,   with    accumulation    of 
lymph    in    the    thickened    skin    and    in    the  enlarged 
lymphatic  vessels  ;    lymph-scrotum. 

Chylodochium  [kil-o-d& '-ki-uni)  [  fuA^c,  chyle;  doxetov, 
receptacle].      The  receptaculum  chyli. 

Chylogaster  \ki-lo-gasf-ter)  [\r'/<,c,  chyle;  yaar^p,  the 
stomach].  The  duodenum,  so-called  because  of  its 
being  the  chief  seat  of  chylous  digestion. 

Chylogastric  [ki-lo-gasf-trik)  [\v/ur,  chyle;  yaorqp} 
stomach].      Pertaining  to  the  chylogaster. 

Chylopericardium  [ki-lo-per-ik-ar* '-de-urn)  [%v%6g, 
chyle  ;  Trepi,  around  ;  K<i/>did,  the  heart].  A  rare  con- 
dition, in  which  chyle  is  present  in  the  pericardium,  as 
a  consequence  of  the  formation  of  a  channel  of  com- 
munication between  a  chyle-duct  and  the  cavity  of  the 
heart-sac. 

Chylopoiesis  {ki-lo-poi-e'-sis)  [vr/a-m^aic ;  ^v/Wc, 
chyle;    Toff/i',  to  make].      Chylification. 

Chylopoietic  {ki-lo-poi-ef '-ik)  [^vAdc,  chyle ;  iroteiv,  to 
make].      Chylifaction  ;   making  or  forming  chyle. 

Chyloptyalism  [ki-lop-ti' '-al-izm)  [^A<5c,  chyle ;  irrva- 
TuCew,  to  spit].      Milkiness  of  the  saliva. 

Chylorrhea  (ki-lor-c'-ah)  [%v'/6c,  chyle;  pine,  to 
flow].  The  excessive  flow  of  chyle.  Also,  a  diarrhea 
characterized  by  a  milky  color  of  the  feces. 

Chylosis  (ki-lo'-sis)  [^-ivunr,  a  converting  into  juice]. 
Chylification. 

Chylothorax  {ki-lo-tho'  -raks)  [jv/oc,  chyle  ;  Oupa^,  the 
chest].  The  presence  of  chyle  within  the  pleural 
cavity.  It  is  consequent  upon  wounds  or  rupture  of 
the  thoracic  duct,  and  is  usually  fatal. 

Chylous  (/•/'  lus)  [^uyWc,  chyle].  Relating  to  or  re- 
sembling chyle. 

Chyluria  (ki-lu'-re-ah)  [xv'toc,  juice;  ovpor,  urine]. 
The  passage  of  milky-colored  urine.  It  is  thought  to 
be  caused  by  a  disordered  condition  of  the  lacteals  and 
is  also  connected  with  the  presence  in  the  blood  of 
Filaria  sanguinis  hominis.  The  urine  passed  is 
generally  above  the  normal  in  quantity,  has  the  color 
of  milk,  and  becomes  jelly-like  on  standing,  after- 
ward again  becoming  liquid.  It  readily  undergoes 
decomposition.  The  condition  arises  from  a  blocking 
of  the  lymph-channels  by  the  parasites.  See  Bacillus 
of  Chyluria  under  Bacteria,  Synonymatic  Table  of; 
also  Filaria  sanguinis  li  om  in  is,  Lewis,  under 
Parasites  {Animal),   Table  i 

Chyme  {klm)  [\  <'""<;,  juice].  Kood  that  has  under- 
gone gastric  digestion  and  has  not  yet  been  acted 
upon  by  the  biliary,  pancreatic,  and  intestinal  secre- 
tions. 

Chymiferous  {kim-if -er-us)  [chymus,  chyme  ;  ferre,  to 
bear].      Capable  of  producing  chyme. 

Chymification  [kim-ifik-a  jAun)  \chymus,  chyme; 
facere,  to  make].  The  change  of  food  into  chyme  by 
the  digestive  process. 

Chymophorous  (kun-off'-or-us)  [xvp6r,  chyme;  (pepetv, 
to  carry].      C'h villiferous. 

Chymoplania  (kim-o-plar -ne-ah)  [v'''"'f,  juice  ;  ~?drr/, 
a  roving].  The  morbid  or  abnormal  metastasis  of 
chyme  or  any  secretion. 

Chymorrhea  [kim-or-e' -ah)  [\ru6c,  chyme;  f>Eiv,  to 
flow].      A  discharge  <>f  chyme. 


Chymosepsis    [kim-o-sep/-sis)    [xvf*6c,  chyme;    ai 
putrefaction].    Putrefactive  fermentation  of  the  <  hyme. 

Chyron  (ki'-ron)  [ciron,  cyron\  The  name  given  by 
ancient  writers  to  the  itch-mite,  Sarcoptes  sea-' 

Cibarious  {sib-a'-re-us)  [cibum,  food].  Serving  as 
t'  tod  ;   nutritious  ;   edible. 

Cicatricial  [sik  nt-rish' -al)  [cicatrix,  a  scar].     Pertain- 
ing to  or  of  the  nature  of  a  cicatrix.      C.  Deformities, 
abnormal  contractions  caused  by  cicatrices.     C.  Tis 
sue,  a    form    of    dense    connective    tissue,    seen    in 
(ricatrio  - 

Cicatricula  [sik-at-rik' -u-lak)  [L. ,  dim.  of  cicatrix, a 
scar].      The  germinating  point  of  the  fecundated  egg. 

Cicatrisant  (sik'-at-ri-sant).      5  atrizant. 

Cicatrisive  [sik/-at-ri-siv)  [cicatrix,  a  scar].  Tending 
to  form  a  cicatrix. 

Cicatrix  [sik-a' -triks)  [I..:  //.,  Cicatrices'].  A  scar; 
a  connective-tissue  new-formation  replacing  loss  I 
substance  in  the  skin.  It  extends  as  far  as  the 
corium.  It  may  be  depressed  below  or  elevated  above 
the  surface  ;  its  color  is  usually  whitish  and  glistening 
when  old,  red  or  purple  when  young. 

Cicatrizant  [sik' -at-ri-zant  ^[cicatrix,  a  scar].  I.  Tend- 
ing to  cicatrize  or  heal.  2.  A  medicine  that  aids  the 
formation  of  a  cicatrix. 

Cicatrization  [sik-at-riz-a'  -shun)  [cicatrix,  a  scar]. 
The  process  of  healing. 

Cicer  (si'-ser)  [!-•]•  A  genus  of  leguminous  plants. 
See  Chick-pea. 

Cicuta  (sik-u'-tah)  [L.].  A  genus  of  umbelliferous 
plants.      C.  virosa.     See  Cowbaue. 

Cicutin  {sik-u'-fin)  [cicuta,  hemlock],  i.  An  alkaloid 
obtained  from  Cicuta  zrirosa.      2.   The  same  as  Conein. 

Cicutoxin    {sik-u-toks'-in)    [cicuta,    hemlock;     r   ! 
poison].     The   poisonous  active  principle   of    Cicuta 
virosa.      It  is  a  viscid,  non-crystallizable  liquid  of  un- 
pleasant taste  and  acid  reaction. 

Cider  [si'-der)  [ME.,  cidre~\.  The  expressed  juice  of 
apples  or  pears.  C.  Brandy.  See  Apple- Brandy. 
C.  Vinegar.     See  Vinegar. 

Cigaret  [sig-ar-ef).     See  Cigarette. 

Cigarette  [sig-ar-etf)  [Kr.,  dim.  of  cigare,  a  cigar].  A 
roll  of  inflammable  material  medicated  and  adapted  for 
smoking.  Nasal  catarrhs  and  spasmodic  attacks  of 
dyspnea  are  among  the  disorders  sometimes  treated 
by  cigarette-smoking.  C.  -makers'  Cramp. 
Cramp. 

Cigarmakers'  Cramp.     See  Cramp. 

Cigue  (se-gu-e)  [Kr.].     Cicuta. 

Cilia  (sil'-e-ah)  [cilium,  the  eyelid  or  lash].      The  eye- 
lashes.     Also,  the   locomotor  and   prehensile   organs 
of    certain    infusoria,    and    the    hair-like    append 
of   certain    epithelial   cells,    whose    function    it   is 
propel    fluid    or    particles    along    the    passages    that 
they  line. 

Ciliariscope  [sil-e-ar* -is-kop)  [cilium.  eyelid  ;    cnawr 
to  look   at].      An  instrument  (essentially  a  prism)  for 
examining  the  ciliary  region  of  the  eye. 

Ciliary  (sil'-e-a-re)  [cilium.  an  eyelash].  Pertaining  to 
the  eyelid  or  eyelash,  and  also  by  extension  to  the  C. 
Apparatus,  or  the  structure  related  to  the  mechanism 
of  accommodation.  C.  Arteries — anterior,  post 
long,  and  posterior  short,  branches  of  the  ophthalmic 
artery,  supplying  the  recti  muscles,  the  ciliary  appara- 
tus, and  the  posterior  structures  of  the  eye.  with  the 
exception  of  the  retina.  See  Arteries,  Table  of.  C. 
Body,  the  ciliary  muscle  and  processes.  C.  Canal, 
the  canal  of  Kontana.  See  Canal.  C.  Ganglion,  the 
ganglion  at  the  apex  of  the  orbit,  supplying  the  ciliary 
muscle  and  iris.  See  Ganglia,  Table  of .  C.  Muscle, 
the  muscle  of  accommodation,  whose  contraction  les- 
sens the  tension   upon    the  suspensory  ligament  of  the 


<    II   I  A  I  1 


298 


(   IM.KI    \ 


len-  C.  Nerves,  blanches 

ol  the  ophthalmic  ganglion  supplying  the  anterior 
structures  of  the  eyeball  and  the  accommodative 
apparatus.      See  C.    Neuralgia, 

neuralgic  pain  of  the  eye,  brow,  temple,  etc.  C. 
Processes,    circular!)  choroidal    foldings 

continuous  with  the  iris  in  front.  C.  Region,  the 
pericorneal  or  "  dai  »ne,  corresponding  to  the 

lion  of   the  ciliarj    body.     C.   Zone,  the  ciliary 

Ciliate,  or  Ciliated  ium,aa  ey< 

-hj.       I  laving  cilia 
CUiation  lash].     The  con- 

dition ot  having  i 
Cilio-spinal  tm,    an    eyelash; 

the  spine].     Relating  to  the  ciliary  zone  and  the 
C.  Center. 
Cilium  '.     [I..  J       -         Sa  and  Eyelash. 

Cillo  or  Cillosis  [cilium,  an  eyelash]. 

ondnued  trembling  of  the  eyelid. 
Cillotic  tf-ik  i  [  a  eyelash].      Pertaining  to 

<  ith  cillo. 
Cimbia  i  im'-bt    th)  [!•]•     The  white  band  seen  upon 
t  of  the  cms  cerebri,  the  tractus  pedun- 
culi  transversus  of  Gudden. 
Cimbial  i  /'.■'      -ol)  [cimbia,  a  cincture].      Relating  to 

the  cimbia. 

Cimex  [L.,abug].     A  genus  of  hemipterous 

insects.     C.   lectularius,  the  common  bed-bug.     A 

insect   that   infests  beds,  furniture,  and  the 

wa  I  n  n  »ms,  and  that  feeds  on  the  human  body, 

puncturing  the   skin  and  injecting  an  irritating  fluid  to 

in>  :  flow  of  blood.      It  is  characterized  by  the 

repu  r  of  it-  secretion. 

Cimicifuga  i   [cimex,  a  bug;  fugare, 

to  drive  away].      Black   Snake   Root,    Black  Cohosh. 

The   root  of   C  a,  ord.    Ranunculacese.      A 

machic,    antis])asmodic,    aphrodisiac,    expectorant, 

1  diuretic.      Its  action  on  the  hear)  is  similar  to  that 

of  digitalis.     It  is  efficient  as  a  tonic  in  many  cardiac 

diseases,  in  functional  impotence,  and  ovarian  neural- 

C,  Ext.  fid.  (alcoholic).     Dose  lT\,v— xxx.      C, 

Ext.  liquid.,    B.  P.).      Dose  mjij-xxx.     C,  Tinct., 

20  per  cent,  in  strength.     Dose  rn^xv—  zj.     Macrotin 

(unof.),  a  resinous  extract.     Dose  gr.  J^-ij. 

Cimicifugin    i   im  is-e-fu'-gin)  [cimex,  a  bug;  fugare, 

hiveaway].     The  precipitate  from  a  tincture  of  the 

I  of  Cimicifuga  racemosa;    it  is  an  antispasmodic, 

,    nervin,   emmenagogue,    parturient,    and 

D    el  to  2  grains.     As  an  oxytocic,  2  to  3 

peated  in  from  40-60  minutes,  if  neces- 

Cimolia  .  Cimolite   (sim'-o-lit)  [la/iulia, 

irth  ;  a  white,  soapy  clay  formerly 

brought    from    the    '  land    of   Cimolus.     The 

ancients  prized    it  as  a   remedy  ;    now   little  used,  ex- 

int. 

Cin..  I..].     The  plant    Artemisia   santonica. 

Cinchamidin    [sin-kam' -id-iri)     [cinchona;     a»ii</i>i~\. 
An    alkaloid    frequently    present    in 
idin. 
Cinchocerotin  '-tin)[cinci  ra,  wax], 

aloid  of  calisayabark. 
Cinchona  the  Com  inchon], 

■ '-r.il  varieties  of  cin 
pes  of  the  An 
liable  beinj 
(rubra,  red  bark, 
.  pitaya  bark, 
'  tins  21  alka- 
1  which  4,  quinii  nin,  quinidin  and 


<-.J11H,.,V<». 


chonidin,  are  the  most  important.  Cinchona  has  the 
same  physiologh  action  and  therapeutic  uses  as  it-  chief 
alkaloid,  quinin.  See  ( htinin.  It  is  also  an  astringent, 
bitter   and   stomachic    tonic.     Stimulating   appetite    and 

promoting  digestion,  beneficial  in  atonic  dyspepsia  and 
adynamia,  but  especially  useful  in  malarial  affections. 

C,  decoctumiK.  P.),  Dose  3  i  ij.  C.  Febrifuge. 
Sec  Quinetum.  C,  Ext.  Dose  gr.  j— v.  C, 
Fid.  Ext.  Dose  rr\,x-zj.  C,  Ext.  liquidum 
(B.  P.).  Dose  n\,v-x.  C.,  infusum,  bark  6,  arom. 
sulphuric  acid  I ,  water  93  parts.  Dose  gj  3j.  C,  In- 
fus,  Acidum  (B.  P.).  Dose  Jj-ij.  C.  rubra,  red  cin- 
chona, the  bark  of  c'.  succirubra.  C,  Tinct.,  20  per 
cent  of  the  bark.  Dose  3  ss-ij.  C,  Tinct.,  Comp., 
red  bark  10,  bitter-orange  peel  8,  serpen taria  2,  alcohol 
80  parts.  Dose  3  j—  ^ss.  Huxham's  Tinct.  of  Bark, 
red  bark  5iv,  orange  peel  5iij,  serpentaria  v.v.  lxxx, 
Spanish  saffron  gr.  clx,  cochineal  gr.  lxxx,  brandy  3  xl, 
digested  four  days,  expressed  and  filtered.    DoseSss— ij. 

Cinchonamin  (sin-ko' -nam-ui)  [cinchona;  aminj,  < ',., 
II.,,.Y,<>.     An  alkaloid  of  cuprea  bark.       It  occurs  in 
glistening,  colorless   crystals  that  are    nearly  insoluble 
in  water,  and  but  slightly  soluble  in  ether. 

Cinchonicin    (sin-kon1 '-is-in)   [cinchona"], 
An  artificial  alkaloid  derived  from  cinchonin. 

Cinchonidin,  or  Cinchonidina  (sin-kon' '-id-in,  or  sin- 
kon-id-i'-nah),  <  ',llII„1\,l  >.  An  alkaloid  derived  from 
cinchona.  It  is  a  crystalline  substance  resembling 
quinin  in  general  properties.  C.  salicylate  (unof.) 
has  decided  anti-malarial  properties.  C.  sulph.,  (C20- 
ir.,|N.,0)2II2S04.3lI.20,  less  bitter  than  quinin  and 
valuable  as  an  antipyretic.      Dose  gr.  j-xx  or  more. 

Cinchonina,  or  Cinchonin  (sin-ko-m/  -nah,  or  Hn'-ko- 
iiiii)  [cinchona:  a7-''"-,  Cinchonince],  Cj9HMN20.  An 
official  alkaloid  derived  from  cinchona.  It  is  a  color- 
less crystalline  body,  similar  to  quinin  in  therapeutic 
effects,  but  less  active,  producing  much  headache  and 
some  muscular  weakness.  C.  sulph.,  (C19HwNaO), 
II,S(  )j.2ll./).  Soluble  with  difficulty  in  water,  but 
soluble  in  acidulated  water.      Dose  gr.  v-xxx. 

Cinchoninic  Acid    (sin-ko-nin'-ik).      See  Acid. 

Cinchonism  (sin' -ko-nizm)  [cinchona'].  The  systemic 
effect  of  cinchona  or  its  alkaloids  in  full  doses.  The 
symptoms  produced  are  a  ringing  in  the  ears  with 
deafness,  headache,  often  severe,  giddiness,  dimness 
of  sight,  and  a  weakening  of  the  heart's  action. 

Cinchonize  (sin'-ho-nlz)  [cinchona].  To  bring  under 
the  influence  of  cinchona  or  its  alkaloids. 

Cinchotin  (sin'-kot-in)  [cinchona],  C,flHMNaO.  An 
almost  insoluble  crystalline  alkaloid  derived  from  a 
species  of  cinchona  bark. 

Cincinulus  (sin-sin' '-u-lus)  \_ki kiwv'/ or ,  a  curl].  In 
biology,  small  hooks  attached  to  the  stylamblys  of 
crustaceans. 

Cincture  (singk'-tur)  [dnctura,  a  girdle].  A  belt  or 
girdle.  C. -feeling,  a  sensation  as  if  the  waist  were 
encircled  by  a  tight  girdle. 

Cinene  (si-nin')  [cina,  wormseed].    See  Dipentene. 

Cineol   (sin'-e-ol)   [cina,   wormseed;     oleum,  oil],  C10 
II,,,' >■      The  principal   constituent  of  wormseed,  1 
put .  and  eucalyptus  oils.     It  is  a  pleasant  camphora 
■  eons   liquid,   inactive   to   polarized    light,  that    boils 
bi  tween  1700  and  1770  (.'.,  and  crystallizes  at  — 1°  C.  ; 
its  s],.  gr,   at  10°  js.  0.923. 

Cineraria  (sin-er-a* '-re-ah)  [cinerarius,  pertaining  to 
ashes].  A  genus  of  composite  plants.  C.  maritima, 
the  juice  of  this  plant  has  been  long  used  in  Venezuela 
in  the  belief  that,  dropped  in  the  eye,  it  would  cause 
the  absorption  ol  1  atarai  1.      I  nof. 

Cinerea   (sin-e'  re-ah)     [cin  reu  .  ashen].     The    gray, 

1  mention-,,  or  cellular  substance  of   the  brain,  spinal 

1.  and  ganglia.      C,  Lamina,  a  thin  layer  of  gray 


CINERE1  M 


299 


CIR<  I  I   VI  [ON 


substance  extending  backward  above  the  optic  com- 
missure from  the  termination  of  the  corpus  callosum  to 
tin-  tuber  cinereum. 

Cinereum,  Tuber.     Sec  Tuber  Cinereum. 

Cineritious  (sin-er-isk'-us)  [eineres,  ashes].  Ash-like 
or  pertaining  to  ashes.  C.  Substance,  the  cortex  of 
the  brain,  from  the  color  of  the  same.  C.  Tubercle, 
the  tuber  cinereum. 

Cinesiology  [sin-es-e-ol1 '-o-je).     See  Kinesiology. 

Cinesis  [sin-e'-sis  ).      See  Kinesis. 

Cinesitherapy  (.7;/  es-e-ther/-a-pe).     See  Kinesitherapy. 

Cinetica  {sin-ef '-ik-ah)  [mvelv,  to  move].  Medicines 
or  diseases  that  affect  the  motor  apparatus. 

Cingulum  [sing* '-gu-lum)  [cingere,  to  gird:  pl.,Cin- 
gula~\.  I.  A  girdle  or  zone ;  the  waist.  2.  Herpes 
zoster,  or  shingles,  q.  v. 

Cinnabar  \sinf -ab-ar)  [tuwafiapi,  a  pigment].  Mercuric 
sulphid,  HgS.  See  Hydrargyrum  and  Vermilion.  C- 
green.     Same  as  Chrome-green. 

Cinnamene    (sin'-am-lri).     See  Styrol. 

Cinnamic  {sin-amf-ik\  [icivvdfiufiov,  cinnamon].  Per- 
taining to  or  derived  from  cinnamon.  C.  Acid.  See 
Acid.     C.  Aldehyd.    See  Aldehyd. 

Cinnamomum,  or  Cinnamon  {si>i-a»i-of-nium,  or 
sin'-am-ori) Tiuwdfiufiov,  cinnamon  :  gen. ,( 'innamomi"]. 
The  inner  bark  of  the  shoots  of  several  species  of 
Cinnamomum,  native  to  Ceylon  and  China,  the  latter 
being  known  in  commerce  under  the  name  of  cassia. 
Its  properties  are  due  to  a  volatile  oil.  It  is  an 
agreeable  carminative  and  aromatic  stimulant,  useful 
when  combined  with  opium  for  flatulence,  colic, 
enteralgia,  etc.  C,  Aqua,  2  parts  of  oil  in  iooo  of 
water.  Dose  j|j-ij.  C,  Ext.  Fid.  Arom.,  contains 
aromatic  powder  io  parts,  alcohol  8  parts.  Dose 
n\,x-xxx.  C,  Oleum,  the  volatile  oil.  Dose  gtt. 
j-v.  C,  Pulv.  Comp.  (B.  P.),  cinnamon  bark, 
cardamom-seeds,  and  ginger.  Dose  gr.  iij-x.  C.  sai- 
gonicum,  Saigon  cinnamon.  C,  Spt.,  IO  per  cent, 
of  the  od  in  spirit.  Dose  ITlv-xxx.  C,  Tinct.,  io 
per  cent,  of  the  powdered  bark  in  alcohol.  Dose  .^ss— 
ij.  C.  zeylanicum,  Ceylon  cinnamon.  Pulvis 
aromaticus,  aromatic  powder,  cinnamon,  ginger,  aa 
35,  cardamom,  nutmeg,  aa  15.  Dose  gr.  x-xxx.  C- 
brown.      Same  as  Pkenylene-brown. 

Cinnamyl  (sin'-am-il)  [nivva/nufiov,  cinnamon],  C9ILO. 
The  radicle  believed  to  exist  in  cinnamic  acid. 

Cionectomy  {si-on-fk'-to-me)  [kiuv,  the  uvula;  inrou?/, 
a  cutting  out].     Ablation  of  the  uvula. 

Cionitis  (si-on-i'-tis)  \_Kiav,  the  uvula ;  crig,  inflamma- 
tion].     Inflammation  of  the  uvula. 

Cionoptosis  (si-pn-op-to'-sis)  [/a'ow,  uvula ;  rcruair,  a 
drooping].      Prolapse  of  the  uvula. 

Cionorrhaphia  (si-on-or-af-e-ah)  [jduv,  the  uvula ; 
pa<i>f/,  a  suture] .     See  Staphylorrhaphy. 

Cionotome  {si-on'-o-tom}  [/c/ov,  the  uvula  ;  muor,  cut- 
ting].     An  instrument  for  cutting  off  the  uvula. 

Cionotomy  {si-on-otf -o-me)  \klwv,  uvula;  TOfifj,  a  sec- 
tion].     Incision  of  the  uvula. 

Circinate  (sir' -sin-fa)  Tcircinalus,  circular].  In  biology, 
rolled  inward  from  the  top,  like  a  crozier.  C.  Erup- 
tion.    See  Wandering  Rash. 

Circinus  [sir* -sin-us)  [idpiuvog,  circle].  Herpes  zoster  ; 
zona. 

Circle  (sir^-hl)  [tcipKor,  a  circle].  A  ring;  a  line,  every 
point  of  which  is  equi-distant  from  a  point  called  the 
center.  C.  of  Diffusion.  See  Diffusion.  C.ofHaller, 
1.  The  plexus  of  vessels  formed  by  the  short  ciliary 
arteries  upon  the  sclerotic,  at  the  entrance  of  the  optic 
nerve.  2.  The  circulus  venosus  mammae.  See  also 
Circulus.  C.  of  Willis,  the  remarkable  arterial  anasto- 
mosis at  the  base  of  the  brain.  The  passage  between 
the  anterior  cerebral  arteries  anteriorly,  and  the  internal 


carotifls  and  middle  and  poster!  ral  arteries  pos- 

teriorly, h\  communicating  vessels. 


Circi-k  of  Willis. 
1.  Middle  cerebral  artery.  2.  Internal  carotid  artery.  3.  Pos- 
o- median  perforating.  4.  Posterioi  cerebral  artery. 
5.  Superior  cerebellar  artery.  6.  Anterior  infi  rior  cerebellar 
artery,  7.  Anterior  communicating  artery.  S.  Antero-Iateral 
perforating.  9.  Anterior  choroid.  10.  Posterior  communi- 
cating. 11.  Posterior  choroid.  12.  Basilar  artery.  13.  Crus 
cerebelli  cut. 

Circuit  {ser'-kit)  \circuitus,  a  going  round].      The  course 

of  an  electric  current.     C. -breaker,  an  apparatus   for 

interrupting  the  circuit  of  an  electric  current. 
Circulation     (sir-iu-la-'shun)     \circulatio,     a    circular 

course].      The  passage   of  the  blood  through  various 

\  1  -sels ;  distinguished  as 

capillary,  fetal,  portal, 

pulmonary,   etc.       C, 

Cross,  a  laboratory  ex- 
periment in  which  the 

vessels  in  one  vascular 

area  of   an  animal  are 

separated  from  the  rest 

of  the    circulation    by 

ligation  of  anastomos- 
ing channels,  and  then 

supplied     with     blood 

from  the  circulation  of 

a  second   animal.      In 

this  way,  for  example, 

the  vascular  area  of  the 

head  may  be  isolated, 

and     precluded     from 

receiving      chloroform 

inhaled  by  the    lungs, 

but  which  is  distributed 

to    other -parts    of   the 

body.      By  connecting 

the  cerebral  ends  of  the 

severed  carotid  arteries 

of  one  dog  with  the  car- 
diac ends  of  the  severed 

carotids  of  an  other  dog, 

the  cerebral   and  gen- 
eral circulatory  systems 

of  the  first  dog  may  pre- 
sumably be  separated. 

The     first    animal      is 

called  the  fed,  and  the  Scheme  of  the  Circulation. 

animal     supplying    the   a.  Right,  b,  left  auricle.    A.  Right, 

blood  the  feeder.     1  he 

experiment    is  of   little 

value.    C,  Collateral, 

that    through   branches 

and  secondary  channels 

after  stoppage    of    the 

principal    route.       C, 

Fetal,    that   of    the 

fetus,   including  the  circulation  through  the  placenta 


P..  left  ventricle.  1.  Pulmonan 
artery.  2  Aorta.  /.  Area  of  pul- 
monary circulation.  K.  Upper 
area  of  systemic  circulation- 
G  Lower  area  of  systemic  cir- 
culation, o.  The  superior  vena 
cava.  ;/.  Inferior  vena  cava,  d, 
d.  Intestine.  »i  Mesenteric  ar- 
tery a.  Portal  vein.  L.  Liver. 
h.  Hepatic  vein.       Landois.) 


CIRCl  l.L  S 


CIRS<  (MPHALOS 


,1  cord.      C,  First,  or  Primitive,  tii   ' 

I  system,  carrying  nutriment  and 

C,   Placental,    the    fetal 

olation.     C,   Portal.      S  C., 

Pulmonary,    the    circulatit f   blood    through    the 


The  Fetal  Circulation. 

j.  fmbilical  vein.     b.  Ductus  venosus.     c.  Ductus  arteriosus. 
d.    i  ric    arteries. 

rial  vein. 


e.    Mesenteric    arteries  and  vein. 


lung-  by  means  of  the  pulmonary  artery  and  veins, 
for  the  purpose  of  oxygenation  and  purification.  C, 
Second,  th  rculation,  replacing  the  omphalo- 

m.  C,  Systemic,  the  general  circu- 
lat:  from    the    pulmonary   circulation. 

C,  Third,  that  of  the  adult.  C,  Vitelline,  first,  or 
primitive  circulation. 

Circulus  ir* '-ku-lus)  [L.].  A  circle.  C.  arteriosus, 
the  t    Haller.      The    plexus  of  arteries   that 

surroun  i    border   of    the  iris.     C.    iridis 

minor,  an  arterial  i  r  the  pupillary  border  of 

the  iris.  C.  venosus  mammae  (or  Halleri),  a 
rin.  that  surround  the  nipple. 

Circum-  ['-■]•     A   prefix  meaning  around, 

Circumagentes  [L.,   "causing    to 

of  th<    eye.      2. 
les   that 
rm. 
Circumanal  [circum,  around  ;    anus, 

fundamenl  ,  urrounding  the  ai 

Circumcision  un)    [circumi  i  cut 

lund].      I  pi<  prepui  e. 

Circumclusion  [circum,  around; 

•;irc  in  which 


the  pin  is  passed  beneath  the  vessel,  a  wire  loop  placed 
over  it-  point,  and  it.-,  ends  brought  over  the  artery  and 

made  fast. 

Circumcorneal  {sir-kum-kor* -ne-al)  [circum,  about; 
corneus,  horn}  ].     Around  or  about  the  cornea. 

Circumduction  (sir-kum-duk'-shun)  [circumducere,  to 
le.ul  around].  The  movement  of  a  limb  in  such  a 
manner  that  it-  distal  part  describes  a  circle,  the  proxi- 
mal   end   being  fixed.      See  Motion. 

Circumference  [sir-kum' -fer-ens)  [circumfere,  to  carrj 
around].       The  distance  around  a  part. 

Circumflex  [sir* -kum-JUks)  [circumJUctere,  to  bend 
about].  Applied  to  a  number  of  arteries,  vein-  and 
nerves. 

Circumgyration  [sir-kum-ji-ra' 'shun  )  [citcum,  around  ; 
gyrare,  to  turn].     See  /  'cm 

Circuminsular  [sir-kum-in' -su-lar)  [circum,  about; 
insula,  island].     Surrounding  the  island  ol   Reil. 

Circumlental  (sir-kum-len' -tal)  [circum,  around;  lens, 
a  lentil  ;  lens].  Surrounding  the  lens.  C.  Space. 
See  Space. 

Circumnuclear  {sir-kutn-nu' -kle-ar}  [circum,  about; 
nucleus,  kernel].      Surrounding  the  nucleus. 

Circumnutation        ( sir-kum-nu-ta' '-shun )         [circum, 
around;  nutare,  to  nod].      In  biology,  a  bowing  sue 
cessivelv  toward  all  points  of  the  compass.     Applied 
to  the  movements  of  young  and  growing  organs. 

Circumocular  (sir-kum-ok/-u-lar)  [circum,  about  ; 
oculus,  eye].      Surrounding  the  eye. 

Circumoral  (sir-kum-of-ral)  [circum,  about;  os, 
mouth].      Surrounding  the  mouth. 

Circumpolarization  {sir-kum-po-lar-iz-a'-shutt)  [cir- 
cum, around  ; polus,  pole.]  The  quantitative  estima- 
tion of  sugar  in  a  suspected  liquid  by  the  degree  of 
the  rotation  of  polarized  light,  sugar  rotating  the 
ray  to  the  right,  albumin  to  the  left. 

Circumrenal  (sir-kum-re/ -nal)  [circum,  about;  ren, 
the  kidney].      Around  or  about  the  kidneys. 

Circumscribed  [sir' ' -kum-skribd)  [circumscribere,  to 
draw  a  line  around].  Strictly  limited  or  marked  oil  ; 
well  defined ;  distinct  from  surrounding  parts,  as  a 
circumscribed  inflammation  or  tumor. 

Circumvallate  (sir-kum-val' '-at)  [circutnvallare,  to  sur- 
round with  a  wall].  Surrounded  by  a  wall  or  promi- 
nence. C.  Papillae,  certain  papillae  at  the  base  of  the 
tongue. 

Cirrhonosus  (sir-on'  -o-sus)  [ni'pp6t,  yellow  ;  ri>r,<tc ,  dis- 
ease], i.  A  fetal  disorder,  marked  by  yellowness  of 
the  serous  membranes.  2.  Abnormal  post-mortem 
yellowness  of  any  surface  or  tissue. 

Cirrhose  (sir-ds/)  [cirrus,  a  tendril].  In  biology,  pro- 
vided with  tendrils. 

Cirrhosis  ( nr-t/sis)  [nipjidr,  reddish-yellow  ;  from  the 
color  of  the  cirrhotic  liver].  Increase  and  thickening 
of  the  connective  tissue  of  an  organ,  especially  of  the 
liver.  C,  Biliary,  a  form  due  to  chronic  retention  of 
bile  in  the  liver  from  long-continued  obstruction  in  the 
bile  ducts  from  anj  cause.  C,  Fatty,  a  rare  form  in 
which  the  hepatic  cells  become  infiltrated  with  fat. 
The  surface  is  smooth  and  the  organ  enlarged,  but 
\rr\  tough,  owing  to  increase  in  the  interstitial connei 
live  tissue,  which  does  not  contract.  This  form  is 
usually  seen  in  the  intemperate. 

Cirrhotic   |  [iup'p6c,  yellow]        Effected  with, 

or  relating  to,  cirrhosis.      C.  Kidney.     See    Bright'* 

Cirsocele  [sir* -so-sll)   [tapadc,  a  varix;    *//>'/,  tumor]. 

A  varicose  tumor,  especially  of  the  spermatic  cord. 
Cirsoid  \d)    [ntpodq,  a  varix;    elSog,   likeness]. 

Resembling  a  varix,  or  dilated  vein. 
Cirsomphalos  (sir-som' -fal-os)  [iapa6g,  varix;  bfupa'/or, 

navel].      A  varicose  condition  of   the  navel. 


CIRSOPHl  IIAI.MIA 


301 


CLAKIFVIN<; 


Cirsophthalmia  [sir-soff-tkal' -me-aK)  [Kifinoi  ,  varix; 
in.itiii'/ nor,  the  eye],  i.  Ophthalmia,  with  an  apparent 
varicose    condition   of    the   conjunctival  2. 

Corneal  staphyloma,  with  an  appearance  of  varicosity 
of  the  surface. 

Cirsotome    (sir^-so-tdm)   \jupa6$,  a  v;irix  :   rofii/,  a  cut- 
tin^].     A  cutting  instrument  for  the  operation  of      > 
sotomy. 

Cirsotomy  {sir-sotf-o-me)  [tapodg,  varix  ;  ri/ieiv,  to  cut]. 
Excision  of  a  varix. 

Cisma  (siz'-mah).      Same  as  .l/>stts. 

Cismatan  (sis/-mat-an).     Same  asAi  us. 

Cissampelos  {sis-am' -pel-os)  [tuaadg,  ivy;  uu-t'/nr,  a 
vine].  A  genus  of  climbing  menispermaceous  plant-. 
The  root  of  C.  capensis,  of  South  America,  1-  cath- 
artic and  emetic.  C.  pareira,  of  tropical  America, 
false  pareira  brava  (r/.  v.),  is  tonic  and  diuretic. 

Cistern  isis'-tern)  [cisterna,  a  vessel;  receptacle].  1. 
Any  dilatation :  reservoir.  2.  Any  dilatation  of  the 
space  between  the  pia  and  arachnoid.  The  cisterns  axe. 
true  lymph-sacs.  C.  of  Pequet.  See  Receptaculum 
chyli.     C.  of  the  Cerebrum.     See  Cistern,  2. 

Cisterna  (sis-ter'-nak)  [L.].  Same  as  Cistern.  C. 
ambiens,  one  of  the  pockets  situated  over  the  opti< 
lobe-.  C.  magna,  a  large  cisterna  where  the  arach- 
noid spreads  across  from  the  caudad  border  of  the 
cerebellum  to  the  oblongata.  C.  perilymphatica,  in 
the  ear,  a  large  space  adjacent  to  the  foot-plate  of  the 
stapes. 

Cistus  (sis' -/us)  [xiaroc,  the  rock-rose].  A  genus  of 
plants  of  the  order  Cistace.c.  growing  in  the  old  world. 
C.  oreticus,  C.  cyprius,  C.  ladaniferus,  and  C. 
ledon   afford  the  drug  labdanum,  or  ladanum. 

Citerior  [si-te1 '-re-or)  [L.,  "hither"].  Brainward, 
centripetal,  or  afferent. 

Citrate  (sit' -rat)  [citrus,  citron-tree].  Any  salt  of  cit- 
ric acid. 

Citrene  (sit'-ren)  [citrus,  citron-tree],  C10H]fi.  Hes- 
peridene  ;  carvene.  The  oil  of  Citrus  aurantice,  and 
the  chief  ingredient  of  cedar  oil,  cumin  oil,  and  dill 
oil.  It  occurs  associated  with  pinene  in  lemon  oil. 
It  is  an  agreeable-smelling,  colorless  liquid,  sp.  gr. 
0.846  at  200,  and  boiling  at  175-1760. 

Citric  (sit'-rik)  [citrus,  citron-tree].  Pertaining  to  or 
derived  from  lemons  or  citrons.     C.  Acid.     See  Acid. 

Citrine  (sit'-riu)  [citrus,  a  lemon].  Yellow  ;  of  a  lemon 
color.     C.  Ointment.     See  Hydrargyrum. 

Citronella  {sit-ron-el'  -ah)  [dim.  of  tcirpov,  the  citron- 
tree].  A  fragrant  grass.  C.  Oil,  the  essential  oil  of 
various  grasses,  mostly  of  the  genus  Andmpogon  ; 
used  chiefly  as  a  perfume  ;  antirheumatic.      Unof. 

Citrus  (sit'-rus)  [L.].  A  genus  of  aurantiaceous  trees. 
See  Aurantium,  Bergamot,  Lime,  Limon. 

Cittosis  (sit-to'-sis)  [tdrra,  Kiaaa.  pica].  Pica;  a  long- 
ing for  strange  or  improper  food. 

Civet  {sizr'-et)  [ME.].  A  semi  liquid,  unctuous  secre- 
tion from  the  anal  glands  of  Viverra  civetta,  I',  zibetlia, 
and  /".  rasse,  carnivorous  old-world  animals,  them- 
selves called  civets.  It  is  now  used  as  a  perfume  ; 
formerly  as  an  antispasmodic  and  stimulant,  like  musk. 
I  nof. 

Civiale's  Operations.     See  Operations,   Table  of. 

Clacking  Pivot,  or  Tenon  {klak'-ing  pizZ-ot).  Clack 
pivot  ;  a  method  of  attaching  an  artificial  crown  to  the 
root  of  a  natural  tooth  ;   it  was  invented  by  Magiola. 

Cladocarpous  iklad-o-kar'-pus)  [kKoAot,  a  branch; 
Knp-or,  fruit].  In  biology,  having  the  fruit  borne  at 
the  end  of  short  lateral  branches. 

Cladocerous  (klad-os' '-er-us)  [ka&Sos,  a  branch  ;  nipaq, 
horn].      In  biology,  with  branched  antennae. 

Cladode  (klad'-od)  [kM.6oc,  a  branch  ;  eMoc,  form].  In 
biology,  branch-like.      See  Phyllocladium. 


Cladodont    (klad'-o-ddnt)    [iduaioq,    a   branch ;     0 
tooth].     .Same  as  Hybodont. 

Cladonea  (klad-o1 '-ne-ah)  [/cAdrfoc,  a  branch].  A  genus 
ol    lichens.     C.    rangiferina.   the    reindei  ;    a 

lichen  that  grows  extensively  in  Asia.  I  and  N. 

America.      It  is  used  as  a  food  in  famine-seasons,  and 
is  locally  distilled,  affording  an  alcoholic  spirit. 

Cladophyl  [klad' '-o-fil)  [*c/ld<5oc,  a  branch;  <o'/'/nr,  a 
leaf].  In  biology,  a  branch  that  in  form  mimics  a 
leaf.      Same  as  Cladode. 

Cladoptosis  [klad-op-t</ -sis\  [/cAadoc,a  branch  ;  Ti- 
to fall].      In  biology,  the  annual  falling  of  twigs  bear- 
ing Leaves  instead  of  the  leave-  alone. 

Cladose  [klad'-os]  [icXadog,  a  branch].  In  biology, 
ramose  or  brant  b 

Cladothrix  (klad'-o-tliriks)  [tcXadoq,  branch  ;  "/"c.  a 
hair].  A  genus  of  bacteria,  having  long  filament-,  in 
pseudo-ramifications,  with  true  spores.  See  Bacteria, 
Synonymatic,   'Fable  of. 

Clairaudience  \klar-aw'-d e-en  1  [Fr.  clair, clear ;  audi- 
ence,  hearing].     The    alleged    telepathic    hearing  of 
ads  uttered  at  a  great  distance. 

Clairvoyance  (klar-7-oi'-ans\  [It.  clair,  clear;  voir,  to 
see].      The  alleged  ability   (in  certain  st  see 

things  not  normally  visible ;    the  d  ability  to 

see  the  internal  organs  of  a  patient,  and  thus  diagnos- 
ticate his  ailments. 

Clamp  [klamp)  [Ger.  Klampe~\.  An  instrument  for 
compressing  the  parts  in  surgical  operations,  to  fix 
them  or  to  prevent  hemorrhage,  etc.  C,  Gaskell's, 
an  instrument  applied  over  the  heart  so  that  the 
pulsation  of  the  auricles  and  ventricles  may  be 
separately  registered  ;  it  is  used  in  the  study  of  cardiac 
pulsation. 

Clang  [Hang)    [KMyyi},  a   clang].      A   sharp    metallic 
sound  ;  a  hoarse  voice.    C. -deafness,  a  defect  of  hear 
ing  in  which  sounds  are  heard,  but  their  more  delicate 
qualities  are  not  perceived.      C.-tint,  the  timbre,   or 
delicate  shading  of  a  tone.      See  Timbre. 

Clap  {klap)  [OF.,  clapoir,  a  venereal  sore].  Gonor- 
rhea. C. -threads,  characteristic  slimy  threads  in  the 
urine  of  gonorrheal  cystitis. 

Clapotage  (klah-po-ta(li)zh')  [Fr.].  The  splashing 
sound  of  a  liquid  in  succussion. 

Clapping  (klap* -ing).     See  Percussion  and  Tapoiemeut. 

Clapton's  Lines.     See  Lines,  Table  of. 

Claquement  [klahk' -mon{g))  [Fr..  clapping,  slapping] 

1.  In   massage,  percussion   with    the   fiat  of  the  hand. 

2.  The    clack,  or   flapping   sound  caused    by  sudden 
closure  of  the  heart-valves. 

Claret  (klar'-et\  [clarus,  clear].  A  wine  of  a  light-red 
color.  C.-red.  See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  C. 
Stain.     Same  a-  Ncevus  maternus. 

Clarificant  [klar'-if-ik-ant  1  [clarus,  clear].  A  sub- 
stance used  for  the  purpose  of  clearing  solutions  turbid 
from  insoluble  matter. 

Clarification  {klar-if-ik-a' -shun)  [clarus.  clear;  facere, 
to  make].  The  operation  of  removing  the  turbidity 
of  a  liquid  or  naturally  transparent  substance.  It  may 
be  accomplished  by  allowing  the  suspended  matter  to 
subside,  by  the  addition  of  a  clarificant  or  substance 
that  precipitate^  suspended  matters,  or  by  moderate 
heating.      See  Pining. 

Clarify  {klar'-if-i)  [clarus,  clear:  facere,  to  make]. 
To  free  a  liquid  or  solution  from  insoluble  or  hetero- 
geneous -ubstances.      To  make  clear. 

Clarifying  [klar' -if-i-ing)  [clarus,  clear;  facere,  to 
make].  Clearing;  purifying.  C.  Reagent,  any  pre- 
paration iwd  for  purifying  microscopic  and  anatomic 
preparations  that  have  been  mounted  in  gummy  media. 
Oil  of  cloves,  turpentine,  creasote,  xylol,  and  oil  of 
bergamot  are  the  chief. 


I  1  ARK  '\1   1    PI  AY1  R  -  I  KAMI' 


302 


(  i  i:  \ki.\<; 


Clarionet-player's  Cramp.     See  Cramp. 

Clark's    Operation.      See    Operat    n  .    Table   of.      C. 

(Alonzo  ,  Sign.     S  '"■*.  Tabt 

Clarke's   Corroding   Ulcer.     An    ulcer  of  the  cervix 
uteri   th.it  shows  ■  tendency  to  spread.      C.   Inter- 
medio-lateral  Tract.      See  Column     '.     C.  Poste- 
rior Vesicular  Column.     -  C.  Pro- 
ces.                                                     C.  Rule,  a  nil 
dosage,      [he  dose  is  to  I               I  by  the  weight  of  the 
One  hundred  and  fifty  pounds  is  taken  as  the 
in  average  human  adult,  and  in  order  to 
the  fractional  dose  this   Dumber  serves  fur  the 
denominator  ol  a  fraction  whose  numeratoi 
t,>-               it  of  the  child  in  avoidupois  pounds.    Thus, 
formula  for  a  child  of  50  pounds  would  he  j'.,00-  or 
1  the  adult. 
Clasmacytosis  [klas-nuth-si-to,-sis).     Same  as  Clasma- 

Clasmatocyte  [■      "  ".     fragment; 

11].     A  form  of  very   large  connective-tissue 

that   tend   to    break    up   into    granules    or 

pie 

Clasmatocytosis  [klas-mat-o-si-tof -sis)  [khaafia,  a  frag- 
ment; *  roc,  a  cell].  The  breaking  up  of  clasmato- 
c\te-.  and  the  formation  of  islands  of  granules  from 
their  del 

Clasp         ■     )     [ME  1,   to    grasp    firmly].       In 

mechanical  dentistry,  a  hook  fitted  to  a  tooth  and  de- 
aed  for  the  retention  of  a  dental  substitute  or  other 
apparatus  to  be  worn  in  the  mouth.  In  biology,  an 
apparatus  at  the  end  of  the  male  abdomen  in  certain 
insect-,  intended  to  grasp  the  female.  C. -knife 
Rigidity,  a  reflex  spasmodic  action  of  the  legs  from 
increased  myotatic  irritability,  as  a  result  of  which 
it  were,  completed  with  a  "  spring," 
as  in  the  kni 

Classification  [klas-if-ik-a'-shuri)  [classis,  a  class; 
facere, to  make].  An  orderly  arrangement  of  names, 
oli  ases,  etc.,  according  to  their  properties  and 

peculiarities. 

Clastothrix  [kins' -to-thriks).   Synonym  of  Trichorrhexis 

Clathrate  1  klath' -riit)    \k'/  gdpa,  a  lattice].      In  biology, 

latticed;    a  name   given    by  Mohl   to  cribriform   cells; 

also  written  clathroid. 

Clathrocystis  [ilath-ro-sis'-tis)  [n/j/flpa,  a  trellis;  Krar/r, 

pout  h].      A  genu-,  of  microbes  with  round  or  oval  cells, 

forming  in  the  form  of  circular  layers.     See 

•.  Synonymatic  Table  of . 

Clathrose  [klath'  lattice].      In  biology, 

having  deep  furrows  crossing  at  right  angles. 
Claudication,     or      Claudicatio      {klaw-dik-a' '-shun, 
kin  1  [claudicare,  to  halt  or  limp].     The 

act  of  limping  ;   lamer 
Claudius,  Doctrine  of.     The  doctrine  that,  in  the  pro- 
duction of   fetal  monstrosities,  attributes   the   atrophic 
-  primarily  to  the   reversal   and    impairment    of 
1  upon  the  overpowering  vigor 
of  the  stronger  fetus.     C,  Cells  of,  the  outer  epithe- 
lial layer  of  the  ducts  of  the  <  ochlea. 
Claustrophobia  >  a,  a   bolt; 

Morbid  di-ip  --  at  being  in  anyroort 
lithrophobia. 
Claustrum  [ ,  lauden  .  to  shut  :  pi.,  Claus- 

A  barrier;  a]  rtures  that  may 

\l-o,  a  layer  of  gray  mat- 
ter in  th  ular  nucli 
Clausura  1/                           L.].    (  losu  ia ;  as  of 
C.  tubalis,                      a    I  allopian  tube. 
C  uteri.                                          of   the  uterine  cervix. 
Clava,  Clavola,    t  Clavolet  ih,  or 
kla'-:o-Ut)  [clava,  a.  club].      1.    In    biology,  clubbed 


at  the  end,  as  the  antennas  of  certain  insects.      2.    See 
l:u  nun  I  ia  gracilis. 
Clavate  (klar/St)  [clava,  a  club.]      In   biology,  club- 
shaped.      Applied  to  a  stigma,  antenna,  or  other  organ 
that  is  thick  toward  the  apex  and    gradually  narrowed 

toward  the  base. 

Clavation  lklav~af-shuri)  [clavatio;  claims,  a  nail]. 
Same  as  G-<  mphosis. 

Clavelization  [klav-el-iz-a' -shun)  [Fr.,  clavelie,  sheep- 
pox].      Inoculation  with  sheep-pox  virus;  ovination, 

Claven,  or  Claviculen  [kla'-ven,  kla-vik '-u-leh)\clavis, 
a  key],      belonging  to  the  clavicle  in  itself. 

Claviceps  [klaT/ -is-eps)  [clava,  club;  caput,  head].  A 
genus  of  fungi.  C.  purpurea,  the  fungus  produc- 
ing the  ergot  of  rye. 

Clavicle  (klaiZ-ik-l)  [clavicula;  clavus,  a  key].  The 
collar-bone.      See  Bones,   Table  of. 

Clavicular  {kla-vik' -u-lar)  [clavus,  a  key].  Relating 
to  the  clavicle. 

Clavilla  marginales  [kla-vil'-ah  mar-jin-aV -Iz)  [!••]• 
The  "  olfactory  clubs  "  or  marginal  clubs  in  Medusa 
also  called  Cordyli  marginales. 

Clavula  [klav> '-u-lah)  [clava,  a  club].  In  biology, 
applied  to  various  clubbed  organs ;  as,  a  knobbed 
bristle  in  echinoderms,  or  the  swollen  receptacle  of 
S(  mie  fungi. 

Clavus  [kla'-vus)  [clavus,  a  nail,  a  wart,  a  corn]. 
Corn  ;  a  hyperplasia  of  the  horny  layer  of  the  epider- 
mis, in  which  there  is  an  ingrowth  as  well  as  an  out- 
growth of  horny  substance,  forming  circumscribed 
epidermal  thickenings,  chiefly  about  the  toes.  Corns 
may  be  hard  or  soft,  the  latter  being  situated  between 
the  toes,  where  they  are  softened  by  maceration.  Both 
forms  are  due  to  pressure  and  friction.  C.  hysteri- 
cus, a  local  neuralgic  pain  in  hysteria,  anemia,  etc., 
in  the  head,  as  if  a  nail  were  being  driven  in. 

Claw  [klaw)  [AS.,  dawn,  a  claw].  The  stalk,  or  con- 
tracted base  of  a  petal.  In  biology,  the  hooked  limb 
or  appendage  of  an  animal.  C.-hand,  a  condition 
of  the  hand  characterized  by  over-extension  of  the 
first  phalanges  and  extreme  flexion  of  the  others. 
The  condition  is  a  result  of  atrophy  of  the  interosseous 
muscles,  with  contraction  of  the  tendons  of  the  com- 
mon extensor  and  long  flexor.  (French,  »taiii-<,>i- 
griffe.) 

Clayed  Sugars  [kldd  sugf -arz).  Sugars  that  have  been 
freed  from  the  dark  molasses  by  covering  them  in 
moulds  by  moist  clay,  which  allows  of  a  gradual 
washing  and  displacement  of  the  adhering  syrup. 

Cleaning  [klen'-ing)  [ME.,  clensen,  to  make  clean]. 
Cleansing;  removal  of  dirt;  purifying.  C.  Mix- 
ture for  Glass,  1.  Potassium  bichromate  2  parts, 
water  10  parts,  sulphuric  acid  IO  parts ;  dissolve  the 
potassium  in  the  water  with  heat,  pour  into  a  warm 
bottle,  add  the  sulphuric  acid  slowly  and  at  intervals. 
2.   Nitric  acid  (cone.)  2  parts,  sulphuric  acid  3   parts. 

Cleansings  [klen' -zingz)  [ME.,  clensen,  to  clean"). 
The  lochia. 

Clearer  (k/er'-e?-).     See  Clearing  Mixture. 

Clearing  [kllr'-ing)  [ME.,  cleren,  to  make  clear]. 
Clarification;  makingclear.  See/Fining.  C.  Agent, 
a  substance  used  in  microscopy  to  render  tissues  trans- 
parent and  suitable  for  mounting.  To  replace  alcohol 
in  a  dehydrated  section,  1  reasote,  turpentine,  xylol,  and 
the  oils  of  bergamot,  cedar,  cloves,  and  origanum  are 
used.  For  celloidin  sections,  Bergamot  or  cedar  oil  or 
creasote  is  preferable.  Before  mounting  vegetable  sec- 
tion r,  glycerin,  solution  of  carbolic  acid,  liquor  potassaj, 
alcoholii  solution  of  potash,  liquor  ammonias,  solution 
of  chloral  hydrate,  Javelle  water,  Labarraque's  solu- 
tion, are  vised.  See  Stains,  Table  of.  C.  Mixture, 
a  fluid  u>ed  in  microscopy  for  rendering  sections  trans- 


CLKAVACK 


:'>03 


I  LINICIST 


parent  after  dehydration.      It  musl  be  miscible  with  the 

mounting  medium.  A  very  satisfactory  and  generally- 
applicable  mixture  is  the  following  :  <  larbolic  acid  crys- 
tals 4  parts,  rectified  oil  of  turpentine  6  parts. 

Cleavage  ikle'-vaj)  [ME., eleven].  I.  The  linear  clefts 
in  the  skin  indicating  the  general  direction  of  the 
fibers.  They  govern  to  a  certain  extent  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  lesions  in  skin-diseases.  The  lines  of 
cleavage  run,  for  the  most  part,  obliquely  to  the  axis 
of  the  trunk,  sloping  from  the  spine  downward  and 
forward  ;  in  the  limbs  they  are  mostly  transverse  to 
their  longitudinal  axis.      2.    A  mode  of  (ill  division. 

Cleavers  [kle'-verz) .     See  Galium  aparine. 

Cleft  (/■///!  [ME.,  clift],  i.  A  fissure;  crevice.  2. 
The  crotch,  or  point  of  junction  of  the  legs.  3.  In 
botany,  divided  half-way,  as  a  leaf.  C.  Face.  See 
Schistoprosopia.  C,  Ocular,  a  fissure  in  the  embryo, 
leading  from  the  mouth  to  the  eye.  It  is  situated 
between  the  frontonasal  process  and  the  superior 
maxillary  plate.  C,  Olfactory.  See  Olfactory.  C. 
Palate,  a  congenital  malformation  of  the  palate, 
usually  occurring  with  hare-lip.  C.  Sternum,  con- 
genital fissure  of  the  sternum.  C,  Visceral,  or 
Branchial.  The  four  slit-like  openings  on  each  side  in 
the  cervical  region  in  the  fetu-.  sometimes  called  the 
Branchial  openings.  The  slits  close  (in  the  human 
fetus),  except  the  upper,  from  which  are  developed 
the  auditory  meatus,  tympanic  cavity  and  Eustachian 
tube.     See  Branchial  Clefts. 

Cleidal  [kli'-dal)  [k/e/c,  clavicle].  Relating  to  the 
clavicle  ;   clavicular. 

Cleido-  [kii'-do-)  [kAe/c  the  clavicle].  A  prefix,  mean- 
ing a  relation  to  the  clavicle. 

Cleido-hyoid  (kli'-do-hi'-oid)  [kXeig,  clavicle ;  voeidqg, 
>haped  like  the  letter  upsilon].  Relating  to  the  clav- 
icle and  the  hyoid. 

Cleido-mastoid  (kli' -do-mas' -toid)  [kKe'ic,  the  clavicle; 
fiaardg,  the  breast ;  eldoc,  like].  Pertaining  to  the 
clavicle  and  to  the  mastoid  process. 

Cleistocarp  (hits' -fo-harp)  ^_K?.eiar6g,  that  may  be 
closed;  Kaprrog,  fruit].  In  biology,  an  ascocarp  in 
which  the  spores  are  completely  enclosed  and  from 
which  they  escape  by  the  rupturing  of  its  walls. 

Cleistogamy  (khs-tog1 '-am-e)  \_K/tiar6g,  that  may  be 
closed;  yafwq,  marriage].  In  biology,  self-fertiliza- 
tion in  closed  flowers. 

Cleithrophobia  (kli-thro-fo' -be-ah)  [itkefflpov,  a  bolt; 
<j>6(iog,  fear].  Same  as  Claustrophobia,  but  a  better 
formed  word. 

Clematin  (klem' -at-in)  [ufa/fiaTig,  clematis].  An 
alkaloid  from  Clematis  vitalba. 

Clematis  (hlem'-at-is)  [/>> //unrig,  clematis].  A  genus 
of  ranunculaceous  plants  of  many  species,  most  of 
which  are  acrid  or  poisonous.  C.  corymbosa  is 
powerfully  irritant  and  resistant.  C.  crispa  and  C. 
erecta  are  diuretic  and  diaphoretic,  and  are  said  to  be 
antisyphilitic.  C.  viorna,  C.  virginica,  and  C. 
vitalba  are  similar  in  properties  to  C.  erecta. 

Clemens'  Solution.     See  Arsenium. 

Clemot's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Cleptomania  (klep-to-ma'-ne-ah).     See  Kleptomania. 

Cleptophobia  (klep-to-fo' '-be-ali) .     See  Kleptophobia. 

Clergyman's  Sore-Throat.  A  chronic  hypertrophic 
form  of  pharyngitis,  with  more  or  less  enlargement  of 
the  tonsils  and  lymph-follicles  of  the  posterior  wall, 
due  to  excessive  and  improper  use  of  the  voice. 
Dysphonia  clericorum.  See  also  Pharyngitis, 
Granular. 

Clerk-Maxwell's  Experiment.     See  /  :      's  Ring. 

Clethrophobia  (kleth-ro-fo'  -be-ali)  \_k7  fjHpov ,  a  bar,  bolt  ; 
90. foe,  fear].      Same  as  Claustrophobia. 

Clevenger's  Fissure.     See  Fissures,  Table  if. 


Clichy  White.      Sam.   as  White  Lead. 

Clicking  Sounds  {klik'-ing  oundz).  Peculiar  sharp 
sounds  heard  in  auscultating  the  apex  of  a  tuberculous 
lung.  They  indicate  the  commencement  "I  softening 
in  a  tuberculous  deposit.     See  Rale. 

Cliff-Rose  (///- '  See  A    nsenel. 

Climacteria  (kli-mak-te'-re-ah).      Syn.  of  Menopause. 

Climacteric  [kli-mak-ter' '-ik ,  or  kli-mak' -ter-ik)  [h'/m- 
aicrfip,  the  round  of  a  ladder].  A  period  of  the  life- 
time at  which  the  system  was  believed  t"  undergo 
marked  changes.  These  were  at  yearly  periods 
divisible  by  seven.  C.  Age,  puberty;  also  in  women 
the  time  of  cessation  of  the  catamenia.  C,  Grand, 
the  63d  year,  also  the  81st  year.  C.  Dentition.  See 
C.  Teething.  C.  Insanity.  See  In  anity.  C. 
Teething,  the  development  of  teeth  at  a  very  late 
period  of  life,  after  the  loss  of  those  of  the  second 
dentition,  and  usually  between  the  sixty  third  and 
eighty-first  year,  the  grand  climacteric  years  of  the 
1  .nek  physiologists. 

Climate  (kli' '-mat\\Kki(ia,  a  region,  or  zone,  of  the  earth]. 
The  sum  of  those  conditions  in  any  region  or  country 
that  relate  to  the  air,  the  temperature,  moi-ture,  sun- 
shine, winds  etc.,  especially  in  so  far  as  they  concern 
the  health  or  comfort  of  mankind.  Climate  i-  an  essi  a 
tial  factor  in  the  production  of  or  modification  of  cer- 
tain diseased  conditions.  This  influence  depend-  upon 
the  nearness  of  the  country  to  large  bodies  of  water,  it-. 
altitude  above  the  sea-level,  the  peculiarities  of  its 
atmosphere,  the  nature  and  composition  of  its  soil  and 
subsoil,  and  the  character  of  its  vegetation.  The  111.  .-t 
equable  climate  is  that  of  the  ocean,  and  next  from  a 
therapeutic  point  of  view  stands  the  sea-coast.  I  be 
climate  of  mountains  is  especially  lauded  for  the  treat- 
ment of  pulmonary  disease.  Its  value  consists  in  the 
rarefaction  of  the  atmosphere  and  the  freedom  from 
particles  and  germs.  Climate  also  plays  an  important 
part  in  the  management  of  hay-fever  and  other 
diseases. 

Climatic  (kli-maf -ik)  \tOdpxi,  a  region  or  zone  of  the 
earth].      Pertaining  to  climate. 

Climatology  (kli-mat-ol' '-o-je)  [i</ii/n,  climate,  a  clime; 
"hdyoc,  science].     The  science  of  climate. 

Climatotherapy  (kli-mat-o-ther' -a-pe)  [idJLfia,  clime; 
drpenrsia,  a  waiting  on].  The  employment  of  clima- 
tic measures  in  the  treatment  of  disease. 

Climbing  Staff-tree.  False  Bittersweet.  The  bark 
of  the  root  of  Celastrus  scandens,  alterative,  diuretic 
and  slightly  narcotic.  It  has  been  advantageously 
employed  in  syphilitic  and  scrofulous  afiections.  Dose 
of  fid.  ext.    3J-ij.      Unof.      See  Celastrus. 

Clinandrium  (klin-an' -dre-um)  \jduvri,  abed;  avrjp,  a 
man].  In  biology,  a  cavity  at  the  apex  of  the  column 
in  orchids  in  which  the  anthers  rest.  This  is  also 
called  the  Androclinium. 

Clinantheum   (klin-an' -the-um)    [/>>  vtj,   bed;   avdoc,  a 
flower].      In   biology,   the  receptacle  of  a  com] 
plant. 

Clinic  (klin'-ik)  [^//i7/coo,pertainingtoabed].  I.  Medi- 
cal instruction  given  at  the  bedside,  or  in  the  presence 
of  the  patient  whose  symptoms  are  studied  and  whose 
treatment  is  considered.  2.  A  gathering  of  instructor-, 
students,  and  patient-,  for  the  study  and  treatment  of 
disea-e. 

Clinical  (klin' '-ik-at ')  \_k'/ivikw\  pertaining  to  a  bed]. 
Relating  to  bedside  treatment,  or  to  a  clinic. 

Clinician  {klin-ish' -an)  \kAivik6q,  pertaining  to  a  bed]. 
A  physician  whose  opinions,  teachings,  and  treatment 
are  based  upon  experience  at  the  bedside;  a  clinical 
instructor;    one  who  practises  medicine. 

Clinicist  (klin'-is  is/)  \j0avin6g,  pertaining  to  a  bed]. 
A  clinician. 


CI  IN'  "    I  I'M  M.IA 


304 


(  II  BBED  FINGERS 


Clinocephalia  vq,  bed ; 

head].     Abnormal  B  I  the  top  of  the  head. 
Clinocephalous 

1].      Having   i  f    the   head    abnormally 

Bat 

Clinodactylous  •  •"  ,,|l'x  "r 

lie  .  r].      Pertaining    to   an  abnormal 

■  urc.  de  i  curvatm  toes. 

Clin-  -]      Re- 

iundry  bony  structures  of 
the  dls,  et< . 

Clinostat  •   to    incline  ; 

itus  for  regulating  the  exposure  of 

Clip 

Clire.    rClyers  E.  dial.].     Tul 

Cliseometer  inclination  ; 

•      isure].     An  instrument  for  measuring  the 
the  peh  ic  axis. 

Clistocarpous  .  that   can  l>e 

.  fruit].      In    biology,  having  a  closed 

Clithrophobia  ah).      Same    as    Cleithro- 

Clitoralgia  ,   the    clitoris; 

.     ain].      Pain  referred  to  the  clitoris. 
Clitoridectomv  i-ekf-to-me)  [•  ,  clitoris ; 

ision  of  the  clitoris. 

Clitoris  .  clitoris].    The  homologue 

in  •  Je  of  the  penis,  attached  by  two  crura  or 

the  ischio-pubic  rami,  which  meet  in  front 

the  pubic  joint  to  form  the  body,  or  corpus.     The 

■1  "    i-  such  only  in  appearance  and 

name.     C.  Crises,  paroxysms  of  sexual  excitement  in 

a  tabes. 

Clitorism  w)  [«XttTopic,  the  clitoris] .    I.  En- 

larg  r  hypertrophy  of  the  clitoris.   2.  Tribadism. 

Clitoritis  i'-tis)  [  .  clitoris;  trig,  inflam- 

:;ion]      Inflammation  of  the  clitoris. 
Clitorotomy  \klit-or-otf-o-me).      Incision  of  the  clitoris. 
Clitorrhagia       (klit  ah)       [h/wrop/c,     clitoris; 

.  t'>  burst].      Hemorrhage  from  the  clitoris. 
Clivus  1    .  |.     Aslope.    C.  Ossis,or 

C.  of  Blumenbach,  the  slanting  surface  of  the  body 
noid   between   the  dorsum  sella;   and   the 
basi-occipital. 
Cloaca      .'   a'-kah)  [cloaca,  a  sewer]  .     I.  In  early  fetal 
life,  the  common  orifice  of  the  intestine  and  the  allan- 
z.    In  surgery,  the  long  canal  of  escape  of  pus 
from  a  im.      3.  In  biology,  the  cham- 

r  into  which  open  the  large  intestine  and  urogenital 
ducts  of  bird-,  amphibians  and  monotremata. 
Cloacal    klo-a'-kal)  [clou,  a,  a  sewer].      Pertaining  to  or 

ica. 
Clonic    (klon'-ik)    [K/6vdh,    commotion].      Applied    to 
and   spasmodic   conditions  of  muscles  in 
whii  h  i  relaxations  occur  in- 

voluntarily. 
Clonici  i)   [I..].     Diseases  marked  by  clonic 

•in. 
Clonism,  Clonismus  (klof-nizm,  klo-niz' -mus)  [kMvoc, 

>m;  clonospasm. 
Clonospasm  iazm)      [n/6ior,     commotion; 

Clonus  in].      Involuntary, 

of  muscles  when  put  siid- 

ing  lo  the  part  stimu- 

lati  ankle,   foot, 

It  is 
a  valua  ign   in   certain   lesions  of  the 

spinal  cord.      Cathodal  closure  clonus,  and  Catho- 


dal   opening    clonus,    etc.     See    Contraction.     See 
Ankl  < '. ,  /'  rist  ('. ,  etc. 

Clopemania  [klo-pe-ma/ -ne-ah)  [*/»:/,,  robbery,  uavia, 
mania].      See  Kleptomania. 

Cloquet,  Angle  of.  See  Angle.  C,  Canal  of.  See 
Canals,  and  Hyaloid  Artery  .  C,  Fascia  of,  the  s<  p 
turn  crurale,  </.  v.  C,  Ganglion  of.  See  Ganglia, 
Table  of .  C.Herniaof.  See  Hernia,  and  Disea 
Table  of.  C,  Needle  Test  of.  See  Death,  Signs  of. 
C.|  Operation  of.  See  Opt  rati  ns,  Table  of.  C., 
Pseudoganglion  of.     See  Pseudoganglion. 

Closing  Tetanus  (khZ-zing  tetf-an-us).  See  o'<i/:;i>io- 
to>:  I 

Clostridial  [klos-trid' -e-al)  [kXoot^p,  a  spindle].  Re- 
ferring to  spindle-shaped  bacilli  and  especially  to  the 
agent  of  the  butyric  acid  fermentation. 

Clostridium  [klos-tridf -e-um)  [kAuot^p,  a  spindle:  //., 
Clostridial.    A  genus  of  bacteria,  differing  from  bacilli 
in   the   fact   that   their  spores  are  formed   in  character 
istically  enlarged  rods.     See  Bacillus  butyricus,  under 
Ba,  teria. 

Closure  (klo/-ziir)  [clausura,  a  closing].  The  act  of 
completing  or  closing  an  electric  circuit.  According 
as  a  closure  is  anodal  or  cathodal,  it-,  effects  may  so 
differ  as  to  give  it  a  marked  significance  in  diag- 
nosis 

Clot  (klot)  [ME.,  clot,  a  round  mass].  A  coagulum, 
especially  that  of  blood ;  a  crassamentum.  See  Throm- 
bus, Embolism.  White  clots  are  formed  of  the  pure 
fibrin  of  white  corpuscles  and  of  blood-plaque-..  Il  the 
white  clot  has  become  slightly  stained  with  red  blood- 
cells,  it  becomes  yellowish  [chicken-fat  clot )  ;  if  it  be 
red  and  soft,  it  is  a  currant-jelly  clot.  Stratified  clots 
contain  layers  of  more  than  one  variety.  C  Distal, 
a  clot  formed  in  a  vessel  beyond  the  seat  of  ligature. 
C. -districts,  the  small  divisions  into  which  a  clot  is 
broken  by  the  dissemination  through  it  of  the  fibro- 
blastic plasma-corpuscles.  C,  Proximal,  the  clot 
formed  in  a  vessel  above  the  seat  of  ligature. 

Clotbur  (klot?-  or  klot'-bur).  The  leave-  of  Xanthium 
strumarium,  much  used  as  a  domestic  remedy  for  bites 
of  poisonous  insects  and  venomous  serpents.  Also  an 
active  styptic.  Dose  of  the  fluid  extract  J5J-ij.  Unof. 
See  also  Spiny  Clotbur. 

Clottage  of  the  Ureters.  An  operation  proposed  in 
case  of  hematuria  from  a  kidney  hopelessly  crushed 
or  with  advanced  carcinoma.  The  procedure  consi-t- 
in  blocking  or  corking  up  the  ureter  with  a  clot. 

Cloudberry  (k/oiei/'-lirr-e).  The  leaves  of  h'uluis  cha- 
mamorus,  used  in  Russia  as  a  diuretic.  Dose  ,zl\  to 
a  cupful  of  boiling  water.      Unof. 

Cloudy  Swelling.  Parenchymatous  degeneration  ;  a 
swelling  up  of  the  elements  of  a  tissue  by  imbibition 
or  accretion,  a  form  of  hypertrophy  with  a  tendency  to 
degeneration. 

Clove  (/:/«:■).  See  Caryophyllus.  C. -hitch  Knot,  a 
form  of  double-knot  in  which  two  successive  loops  are 
made  close  to  one  another  on  the  same  piece  of  cord 
or  bandage,  a  half-twist  being  given  to  the  junction  of 
each  loop  at  the  time  of  making  it.      See  hunt. 

Clover's  Gas  and  Ether  Inhaler.    See  Anesthetic. 

Clownism     (klown'-izm)     [ME.,    cloune\     Charcot's 
term  lor  that  stage  of  liv-tero epilepsy  in    which    there 
is  an  emotional  display  and  a  remarkable  series  of  con 
tortions  or  cataleptic  poses. 

Club  (klub)  [ME  ,  club,  a  club].  In  biology,  a  broad 
ending  of  an  antenna.  C.-foot.  See  Talipes.  C- 
hand,  a  deformity  of  the  hand  similar  to  that  of  club 
foot. 

Clubbed  Fingers  (klubdfingt-gerz).     Knobbed  defor- 
mity of  the    finger  end-,  with   curvature  of    the   nails, 
me  cases  of  pulm  mary  and  cardiac  disease. 


CI.  VERS 


:;(!.-, 


<  «  M  A I  N 


Clyers  [kli'-erz).     See  CHre  and  A^rr« 

Clypeate  (klip'-e-at)  [clypeus,  a  shield].  In  biology, 
shaped  like  a  buckler. 

Clyster    (klisf-ter)  [»/rar/,]i,  an  injection].     An  enema. 

Cnemis  [in-'-i/tis)  [kvt}/j.u  ,  a  legging].  The  tibia  or 
shin-bone. 

Cnemitis  (ne-mi' '-tis)  [kv/'/iu/,  shin  ;  iTif,  inflammation], 
[nflammation  of  the  tibia. 

Cnicin    (ni'-sin)   [tan/nog,  a  plant   of   tin-  thistle  kind], 
C^HjjOjg.      A    crystalline    bitter   substance    found   in 
rsed  Thistle. 

Cnidoblast  (ni' '-do-blast)  [icvidij,  a  nettle;  \Xaar6q ,  a 
germ].  In  biology,  the  budding  thread-cell  or  urticat- 
ing  cell. 

Cnidocell  (ni'-do-sel)  [cnida,  a  nettle ;  <<//</,  a  cell]. 
In  biology,  a  lasso-cell,  nematocyst,  or  urticating  cell. 

Cnidocil  (ni'-do-sil)  \_cnida,  a  nettle;  cilium,  an  eye- 
lash].     In  biology,  the  thread  of  a  nematocyst. 

Cnidophorous  (nid-off'-or-us)  \p>iSri,  a  nettle;  ipipeiv, 
to  bear].  In  biology,  bearing  lasso-cells  or  nemato- 
cysts. 

Cnidosis  (ni-do'-sis)  [nvi8i],  nettle].      Urtication;    nel 
tie-rash. 

Coacervate  (ko-as-erv'-al)  [coacervare,  to  heap  up]. 
In  biology,  clustered,  bunched;  said  of  grains  or 
flowers. 

Coach   (/w//).   See  Quizzer. 

Coachmen's  Cramp.     See  Cramp. 

Coadnate  (ko-ad'-nat)  [con,  together;  adnatus, 
bunched].      In  biology,  clustered. 

Coagulant  (ho-ag1 '-u-lant)  [coagulare,  to  curdle].  I. 
Causing  the  formation  of  a  clot  or  coagulum.  2.  A 
coagulating  agent. 

Coagulated  (ko-ag* -u-la-ted)  [coagulare,  to  curdle]. 
Clotted  ;  curdled.  C.  Proteids,  a  class  of  proteids 
produced  by  heating  solutions  of  egg  albumin  or 
serum-albumin  globulin  suspended  in  water  or  dis- 
solved jn  saline  solutions,  up  to  loo°C.  At  the  body- 
temperature  they  are  readily  converted  into  peptones 
by  the  action  of  the  gastric  juice  in  an  acid,  or  of 
pancreatic  juice  in  an  alkaline  medium. 

Coagulation  (ko-ag-u-laf -shun)  [coagulatio,  a.  clot- 
ting]. The  formation  of  a  coagulum  or  clot,  as  in 
blood  or  in  milk. 

Coagulative  {ko-ag'  -u-la-tn:)  [coagulare,  to  curdle]. 
Causing  or  marked  by  coagulation.  C.  Necrosis. 
See  Xecrosis. 

Coagulum  (ho-ao-' '-u-luni)  [coagulare,  to  curdle :  pi. , 
Coaguld],  Clot.  The  mass  of  fibrin,  enclosing  red 
and  colorless  corpuscles  and  serum,  that  forms  from 
the  plasma  of  the  blood  after  the  latter  has  been 
drawn  from  the  body.  Also,  the  curd  of  milk,  and 
the  insoluble  form  of  albumin. 

Coal  (hoi)  [ME.,  cole].  A  solid  and  more  or  less 
distinctly  stratified  mineral,  varying  in  color  from  dark- 
brown  to  black,  brittle,  combustible,  and  used  as  a  fuel ; 
not  fusible  without  decomposition,  and  very  insoluble. 
C,  Anthracite,  the  hard  variety  of  coal,  used  largely 
as  a  heating-agent.  It  contains  but  little  hydrogen, 
and  is  mainly  (over  90  percent. )  composed  of  pure  car- 
bon. C,  Bituminous,  is  black  or  grayish-black  in 
color,  of  a  Fesinous  luster,  and  somewhat  friable,  being 
easily  broken  into  cubical  fragments  of  more  or  less 
regularity  ;  upon  ignition  it  burns  with  a  yellow  dame. 
When  heated  to  bright  redness  in  retorts  or  ovens,  free 
from  the  access  of  air,  the  volatile  matter,  composed  of 
carbon  compounds  of  hydrogen  and  oxygen  with  water, 
passes  off.  It  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of  gas.  C, 
Cannel  is  much  more  compact  than  gas  or  coking 
coals,  duller  in  appearance,  possessing  a  grayish-black 
to  brown  color,  and  burning  with  a  clean  candle-like 
flame.  It  does  not  soil  the  hands,  and  is  not  readily 
20 


fractured.  C,  Brown,  or  Lignite,  appears  to  occupy 
an  intermediate  portion  between  the  bituminous  coals 
and  wood.  It  retain-  the  ligneous  structure  of  the 
material  from  which  it  1-  formed,  hence  the  name 
Lignite.      'I  table  remains  are  in  a  great  many 

quiti   distinct.     The  color  varies  from  yellowish 
brown   in   the  earthy,  to  black   in  the  more  compact, 
1  oal  like  van.  ties       It  does  nol  yield  coke.     It  i-  used 
as  fuel  in  some  localities,      /'eat,  or  Turf,  occurring  in 
large  area-,    in    Ireland  and    in    some    parts  of   Eun 
consists  of  the  decayed   remain-  of  certain  forms  ol 
plants.      It  has   been   destructively  di-tilled  for  tarry 
products,  without  profit,  however.     C. -miner's  Lung. 
Miner's    Lung.      C.-tar,    a    by-product    in    the 
manufacture  of  illuminating  gas;   it  is  a  black,  vis 
fluid  of  a  characteristic  and  disagreeable  odor.     The 
specific  gravity  range-  from  1.10  to  1.2".     'Its  compo- 
sition is  extremely  complex,  and  its  principal  constitu- 
ents  are   separated,  one    from   the  other,  by  mean-  of 
fractional  distillation.     C.-tar  Colors.     See  Pigments, 
t  i '/  <rs,  and  Dyi  stuffs. 

Coalescence  (ko-al-es' '-ens)  [coalescere,  to  grow  to- 
gether].     The  union  of  two  or  more  parts  or  things. 

Coaptation   (ko-ap-tar-shun)   [con,  together;   apta; 
fit].       I  lie  proper  union  or  adjustment  of  the  ends  of  a 
fractured  bone,  the  lips  of  a  wound,  etc. 

Coarctate  (ko-arkr -tat)  [coarctare,  to  press  together]. 
( Irowded  together. 

Coarctation  (ko-ark-ta1 '-shun)  [coarctare,  to  put  to- 
gether]. A  compression  of  the  wall-  of  a  vessel  or 
canal,  thus  narrowing  or  closing  the  lumen  ;  reduction 
of  the  normal  or  previous  volume,  as  of  the  pu 
shrivelling  and  consequent  detachment,  as  of  the 
retina.      A  stricture. 

Coarctotomy  (ko-ark-tof '-o-me)  [coarctatus,  constricted  ; 
TEfiveiv,  to  cut].      The  cutting  of  a  stricture. 

Coarse  (kors)  [ME. ,  course].  Not  fine;  gross.  C. 
Adjustment.  See  Adjustment.  C.  Features  of 
Disease,  macroscopic  organic  lesions,  such  as  tumor, 
hemorrhage,  etc. 

Coarticulation  (ko-ar-tik-u-la' -shun)  [eon,  together; 
articulare,  to  join,  articulate].     A  synarthrosis. 

Coat    (hot)    [coitus,  a   tunic].      A    cover,  or  membrane 
covering   a   part,  or  substance.      C,  Buffy,  the  u] 
fibrinous  layer  of  the  clot  of  coagulated  blood,  marked 
by  its  color,  and  absence  of  red-corpuscles. 

Coates's  Operation.     See  Operations.  Table  of. 

Coating  (hotf-ing)  [coitus,  a  tunic].  A  covering,  as  of 
a  wound,  the  tongue,  etc.  C.  of  the  Tongue,  a  con- 
dition of  the  tongue  indicative  of  abnormality  of  the 
digestive  tract.  C.  of  Pills,  a  covering  of  various  sub- 
stances to  conceal  the  taste  in  swallowing. 

Cobalt  (ho'-bawlt)  [Kobold,  a  German  mythologic 
goblin].  A  tough,  heavy  metal  having  some  of  the 
general  properties  of  iron.  Its  oxids  have  been  em- 
ployed in  medicine,  but  are  now  very  little  used.  See 
Elements,  Table  of.  C.-blue.  See  Pigments,  Con- 
spectus of.  C. -green.  Same  as  Rinmanris  Green. 
C.-red.  See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  C. -ultra- 
marine. Same  as  Cobalt-blue.  C. -yellow. 
Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Cobweb  (hob'rweb)  [ME.,  cobweb,  a.  spider's  web"]. 
Tela  aranece,  spider's  web.  The  web  of  a  common 
house  spider,  Tegeneria  domestica.  It  is  a  styptic  rec<  »m 
mended  for  bleeding  after  tooth-extraction,  and  in 
pulmonary  tuberculosis,  in  30-grain  doses.  It  forms 
a  serviceable  moxa,  with  the  aid  of  the  blowpipe. 

Coca  (ko,-kah).     See  Erytkroxylon. 

Cocain  (ko'-kah-in.  or  ho/-hdn)[S.A. .  r<va],C17H21N<  >,. 
The  chief  alkaloid  extract  of  Erytkroxylon  eoea.  It 
is  at  first  stimulant  and  afterward  narcotic,  and  resem- 
bles  caffein    in    its  action   on    the   nerve-centers,  and 


UNISM 


306 


O  (CHIN  CHINA 


atropin  in  its  >n  the  respiratory  and  circulatory 

It-    long  continued    as  i    is 

followed  by  insomnia,  decay  «'f  moral  and  intellectual 
.\er,  emaciation,  and  death.     Locally,  it  is  a  pow 
erful  anesthetic  in  a  limited  area  of  surface.     It    acts 
most  rapidl)  on  mucous  tissues.     Applied  to  the  con- 
junctiva of  the  eye   ii  causes  also  dilatation  of  the 
pnpil  and  paralysis  of  the  function  of  accommodation. 
.  to  the  tongue  it  temporarily  destroys  the  sense 
taste.     1  C.- 

Bug, an  u  t   which  cocainomaniacs  fre- 

quently think  they  are  infested  with;  a  belief  that  is  pro- 
bably dt  perversion.  C, 
Ceratum,  I  in  .;  ),  for  burns,  etc.  C.  Citras,  used  in 
dentisti                        hing  teeth.     C.    Hydrochloras, 

I  ,,Ni  ",('1.   more    prop 
ain  chlorid,  most  commonly  used  for  local  an 
thesia  in  2-  :  Dose,  internally,  gr. 

C.  Hydrochlorat.,  Liquor,  i  lU'        D  ise  nxij-x. 
injectio  C.  Hydrochlorat..  Hypoderm.  ;  i  grain  in 
minim-.      C,   Lamellae     B.P.),  each    containing 
ain  hydrochlorate.     C.  Oleas,  a    io 
Ution  in  oleic  acid,  for  external  use.      C. 
Phenas  or  Carbolas,  a  topical  application  in  catarrhs 
I  in  rheumatism.     Used  as  a  live  to  ten  per  cent. 
Ution,  also  internally,  gr  ,'_.-.',. 
Cocainism     (ko-ka' -in-izni)     [S.     Amer.     coca}.     The 

dn-habit. 
Cocainization  [ko-ka-in-iz-a' 'shuri)   [S.  Amer.,  coca"]. 
The  bringing  of  the  system  or  organ  under   the  intlu- 
en<  ain. 

Cocainomania  [ko-ka-in-o-maf-ne-ah\  [cocain;    fiau'ia, 
m.!  The    habit    of    using    cocain  ;     properly, 

insanity  due  to  the  cocain-habit. 
Cocainomaniac  iko-ka-in-o-ma'  -ne-ak\  [cocain  :   tu 
madness].      '  >ne   who  is  insane   from   the   effects    of 
ain. 
Cocamin  '  iam-in)     [S.     Amer.     coca;     amin~\, 

ii    \'  >,.    Truxillin,  or  Isotropyl-cocain  ;  an  alkaloid 
>ca.     It  has  active  properties,  but  its  physio- 
■:  effects  are  little  known. 
Coccaceae  {kok-kas' '-e-e\  [Fr. ,  coccacees ;  kokkqc,  a  ker- 
]       A    gnup  <f  -chizomycetous  fungi,  or  bacteria, 
including  as  genera   the  Micrococcus,  Sarcina,  Asco- 
.  and  Leuconostoc.    The  elements  are  normally 
il,  reproduction   usually   taking   place  by  divi- 
•  writers  place  the  genus  Leuconostoc  alone 
in  this  group ;   others  exclude  it  entirely. 
Coccidia  (kok-sid'-e-a)i)  \k6kkoc,  a  berry] .   The  so-called 
rmia — minute  oval  structures  about  0.035  mm- 
long,  with  a  thick  capsule  and  coarsely  granular  con- 
They  are  frequently  found  in  the  liver  of  the 
rabbit,  and  have  been  found  in  the  liver,  in  a  pleuritic 
exudate,  and  in  the   kidney,  ureter,  and   heart-muscle 
in  man.      The  organism  is  more  properly  called  ( 

um  oviform  ,   while  the    spores  that  it  forms  are 

termed  '-rmije. 

Coccidiosis    (kok-sid-i'-o-sis)    [kokkoc,   a  berry;    v6ooc, 

disease].     The  group  of  symptoms  produced  by  the 

roccidia  in  the  body. 

Coccidium    [kok  .    1  berry:    pi.,  Coc- 

'•']•    1    In  bi  plied  (a)  to  the  spore-bearing 

conceptacle   of  certain   alga  .  to   egg-shaped 

-rms.      2.    A  :  protozoans,  by  some  re- 

■  iii). 
C.  oviforme  has  been  found  in  intes- 
tinal epithelium,  and  in  the  liver  of  man,  and  often  in 
r  of  the  rabbit.      True  coccidia  are  non-motile 
C.    sarkolytus,  the    name    given   by 
ireinoma. 
Coccillana  (  4)  [S.  Amer.].       The  bark  of 

:  the  W.  Indies,  a  tree  of  the  fam 


ily  Afeliacea)aa  emetic  and  purgative;  in  over-doses  it 
i-  poisonous  as  an  irritant  narcotic.  It  acts  locally  upon 
the  mui  ous  mi  mbrane  when  directly  applied  or  when 
absorbed.  It  i-  commended  for  bronchial  catarrh.  Dose 
of  fl.  ext.  't\  x— xxx.     (Jnof. 

Coccinella  [kok-sin-el' '-ah) .     See  Cochineal. 

Coccinellin  (kok-sin-el' -in),  or  Coccinellina  (kok-se- 
n  F-lei-nd).     See  Carmin. 

Coccinin  [kok' -sin -in)  [coca'nus,  scarlet],  C,4H1205.  I. 
A  substance  obtained  by  heating  carmic  acid  with  po 
tassium  hydrate.  It  crystallizes  in  yellowish  leaflets 
from  an  alcoholic  solution.  2.  A  coal-tar  color  belong 
ingto  the  azo-groii]).  Same  as  New  Coccin  and  Pkent 
tol  Red. 

Coccobacteria  (kok-o-bak-tef  -re-ah\   \k6kkoq,  a  kernel  ; 
laKrijpiov,  a  little   rod].      The  rod-like  or  spheroidal 
bacteria  found   in  putrefying  liquids,   and   called    C. 
septica.     See  Bacteria,  Synonymatie  Tabic  of. 

Coccoloba  (kok-oF  -o-baJi)  \_cocolobis,  a  kind  of  grape]. 
A  genu-  of  polygonaceous  trees  of  tropical  America. 
C.  uvifera,  the  sea-side  grape,  has  a  hard  and  valu- 
able wood,  which,  when  boiled,  yields  what  is  called 
Jamaica  kino. 

Coccomelasma  (kok-o-mel-azf -mak\  \k6kkoq,  berry; 
fie'/.aaua,  blackness].       A  granular  dermal  melanosis. 

Cocculus  (kok'-u-lus)  [dim.  of  coccus,  a  berry].  A 
genus  of  menispermaceous  plants  of  the  tropic-.  C. 
indicus,  is  the  dried  fruit  of  Anamirta  cocculus.  It 
is  an  active  narcotic  poison,  and  is  employed  as  a  de- 
stroyer of  vermin  ;  its  preparations  have  proved  ser- 
viceable for  headaches,  dysmenorrhea,  etc.  See  Picro- 
toxin. 

Coccus  [kok' -its')  \k6kxoc,  a  berry].  I.  A  cell  or  cap- 
sule. 2.  In  biology,  {a)  the  separable  carpels  or  mit- 
lets  of  dry  fruits;  (Ii)  a  spherical  bacterium,  a  micro- 
coccus.    C.  cacti,  the  cochineal  insect.    See  Cochineal. 

Coccyalgia  (kok-se-al'-je-ah)  \_k6kkv!-,  coccyx ;  iXyoq, 
pain],      Coccygodynia. 

Coccydynia  (kok-se-din' -e-ah).     See  Coccygodynia. 

Coccygalgia  (kok-sig-alf -je-afi).     See  Coccygodynia. 

Coccygeal  (kok-sif '-e-al)  [k6kkvI;,  coccyx].  Pertaining 
to  the  coccyx. 

Coccygectomy  (kok-sig-ek' '-to-me)  [ki'ikkv^,  coccyx; 
EKTOftq,  excision].     Surgical  excision  of  the  coccyx. 

Coccygeus  (kok-sif -e-us)  \k6kkvI-,  coccyx].  One  of 
the  pelvic  muscles.     See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Coccygodynia  (kok-sig-o-din' '-e-ah)  [k6kkv!-,  coccyx; 
bUvvrj,  pain].  Pain  referred  to  the  region  of  the  coc- 
cyx ;  confined  almost  exclusively  to  women  who  have 
given  birth  to  children.  The  pain  i*  due  to  a  rupture 
or  stretching  of  the  ligaments  surrounding  the  coccyx, 
or  to  fracture  or  dislocation  of  that  bone. 

Coccygotomy  (kok-sig-ot'-o-me)  \k6kkvI-,  coccyx ;  rofii], 
a  cutting],      tutting  of  the  coccyx. 

Coccyx  (kok/-siks)  \k6kkvI-,  the  cuckoo  (resembling  the 
bill)  ].  The  last  bone  of  the  spinal  column,  formed 
by  the  union  of  four  rudimentary  vertebrae.  See 
Bones,   Tabic  of. 

Cochenille  [Fr.].      Same  as  Cochineal. 

Cochia  (ki>' -ke-ah,  or  ko' '-che-ah)  [I..  ;   of  <!r.  KOKKU 
pill].       An    old,    but   not  obsolete,   name   for  certain 
drastic  and  mainly  aloetic  pill-  (pilula  cochia).     The 
ime  cochia  is  now  adjectival. 

Cochin  China  ;  k>'  chin  chi'-nah)  [native  Asiatic].  A 
country  of  lower  Asia.  C.  Diarrhea,  a  form  of 
tropical  diarrhea  dependent  upon  the  presence  in  the 
intestine  of  a  thread  worm.  Anguillula  intestinalis, 
and  it-  larval  offspring.  C.  Leg.  Synonym  of 
Elephantiasis  arabum.  C.  Ulcer,  an  affection  of 
Cochin  China  characterized  by  deep  ulceration  of  the 
extremities.  It  is  supposed  to  be  the  same  as 
Furunculus  or/,  n talis. 


('<><  IIIM'.AI, 


:;<)7 


(  '1.1  ,<  iSPKKM 


Cochineal  (koch'-in-il,  or  koch-in-ll*)  [ME.,  cut- 
chaneal].  The  dried  insects  of  a  species  "t  plant 
lice,  Coccus  cacti,  parasitic  upon  a  cactus  of  Mexico 
and  Central  America.  It  contains  a  rich  red  coloring 
matter,  carmin,  used  mainly  as  a  dyeing  agent.  See 
Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  It  is  thought  to  he  valuable 
in  infantile  whooping-cough.      Dose  gr.  y^. 

Cochlea  {kok'-le-ah\  [/»<,  \/<"\  a  conch-shell].  A  cav- 
ity of  the  internal  ear  resembling  a  snail-shell.  It 
describes  two  and  a  half  turns  about  a  central  pillar 
called  the  modiolus  or  columnella,  forming  the  spiral 
canal,  about  I  ' 2  inches  in  length.  The  latter  is  di- 
vided into  three  canals  or  scake, — the  scale  tympaui, 
vestibuli,  and  media.  See  also,  I:ar.  2.  In  botany, 
a  coiled  legume,  like  that  of  Medicago. 


Scala  tympani. 
lar  canal. 


3.  Anterior  or  triangu- 


Cochlea. 
2.  Scala  vestibuli. 
4.  Posterior  or  quadrilateral  canal.  5,  5.  Spiral 
ligament.  6.  External  spiral  sulcus  7.  Membrana  tectoria, 
or  membrane  of  Corti.  8.  Membrana  basilaris.  9  Spiral 
vessel,  to.  Limbus  laminae  spiralis.  11.  Pillars  of  Organ 
of  Corti.  12.  Branch  of  cochlear  nerve.  13.  Ganglion 
spirale.  14  Branch  of  cochlear  nerve  between  the  lamellae 
of  the  lamina  spiralis  ossea  15.  One  of  the  orifices  by 
which  this  branch  penetrates  the  canal  of  Corti.  16.  Part  of 
bony  cochlea.  17.  Lining  periosteum.  18.  Membrane  of 
Keissner. 

Cochlear  {kok'-le-ar)  [k6\7oc,  a  conch-shell].  Per- 
taining or  belonging  to  the  cochlea.  C.  Nerve,  the 
nerve  supplying  the  cochlea.      See  Nerves,    Table  of. 

Cochlear,  or  Cochleare  (  kok'-le-ar,  or  kok-le-a'-re ) 
[L.  :  pi.,  Cochlearia~\.  A  spoon;  a  spoonful.  C.  mag- 
num, a  tablespoon  ;  C.  medium,  a  dessert-spoon  ; 
C.  minimum,  a  teaspoon. 

Cochlearia  [kok-le-ar'-e-ah).     See  Horseradish. 

Cochleate  { kok'  -le-at)  \cochleatus,  spiral].  Spirally 
coiled,  like  a  snail-shell. 

Cochlitis  [kok-W '-lis)  [hii)/oc,  a  conch-shell;  trig,  in- 
flammation].     Inflammation  of  the  cochlea. 

Cockroach  (  kok'-roch).     See  Blatta. 

Coco  (ko'-kd).    Synonym  of    Yaws.     See  Framboesia. 

Coco,  or  Cocoa  (ko'  ko)  [Port.,  cacao~\.  See  Cacao  and 
Theobroma.  C.-nut,  the  nut  of  Cocos  nucifera,  a 
palm-tree  of  tropical  coast-regions.  The  oil  is  used 
as  a  substitute  for  cod-liver  oil,  and  in  Germany  it  is 
employed  in  pharmacy  in  the  place  of  lard.  C.-nut 
Fiber,  coir.  The  coarse  fibrous  covering  of  the  nut 
of  the  cocoa-palm  is  largely  used  in  making  brooms, 
brushes,  matting,  and  coarse  carpeting.  The  fiber  is 
coarse,  stiff,  very  elastic,  round,  and  smooth  like  hair. 
It  also  has  great  tenacity,  and  is  well  adapted  for 
cordage.  C.-nut  Oil,  oleum  cocois,  is  obtained  from 
the  dried  pulp  of  the  cocoa-nut  by  expression.  It  is 
an  oil  of  the  consistency  of  butter,  fusing  at  from  730  to 
8o°  F. (22. 70  to  26. 6°  C.).  When  fresh,  it  is  white  in 
color  and  of   sweet   taste  and  agreeable  odor,  but  it 


easily  becomes  rancid.  It  is  easily  saponified,  even 
in  the  cold.  It  is  u>ed  in  the  manufacture  of  candles 
and  Soap. 

Cocomania  {ko-ko-ma'  -ne-ah) .     See  Cocainomania . 

Cocomaniac  {ko-ko-ma' '-ne-ak).      Sec  Cocainomaniac. 

Cocoolein  [ko-ko-cZ-le-ih)  [Port.,  cacao;  oleum,  oil]. 
A  proprietary  substitute  foi  cod  liwr  oil,  said  to  be 
derived  froi a  nut  oil. 

Cocotte  [ko-kof)  [Fr.].      Synonym  of  Influenza. 

Coction  [kok'-shun)  [coctio ;  coquere,  to  cook],  1. 
Digestion.  2.  The  preparatory  alteration  that  morbific 
matter  undergoes  in  preparation  for  its  discharge. 

Cod  (kod )  [ME.,  cod].  1.  Thescrotum.  2.  Thebelly. 
3.  In  the  plural,  the  testes.  4.  The  Gadus morrhua, 
a  lish  furnishing  a  valuable  medicinal  product.  C- 
liver  Oil,  an  oil  derived  from  the  liver  of  the  Gadus 
morrhua,  and  ranging  in  color  according  to  the  method 
of  its  preparation  from  pale-straw  to  dark-brown  ;  its 
-pecific  gravity  is. 923  to  .924  or  even  .930  at  150  C. 
The  finer  qualities  are  used  for  medicinal  purposes, 
the  darker  by  tanners  and  curriers.      See  Morrhua. 

Codamin  {ko/ -dam-in)  \k£>6zui, the  head;  poppy-head; 
amin\,  <  ,„II25N04.      A  crystalline  alkaloid  of  opium, 
isomeric  with  laudanin.      When  ferric  chlorid  is  added 
6      to  it,  it  assumes  a  deep-green  color. 

Codein  (kof-den)  \jdt6eia,  the  poppy-head],  C,8H21N<  ' 
1 1  ,<  ).  A  white,  crystalline  alkaloid  of  opium.  It  is 
:1G  mildly  calmative  and  is  serviceable  in  diabetes  mel- 
litus.  It  is  also  valuable  in  ovarian  pain.  Dose  gr. 
ss-ij.  C.  Phosphate,  soluble  in  water.  Similar  to 
morphin  in  action,  but  less  toxic.  Dose,  hypodermi- 
callv.  gr.  ss.  C.  Sulphas,  dose  gr.  '  ()-'4  .  C.  Valeri- 
anate, an  antispasmodic  and  sedative.      Dose  gr.  '.  . 

Codex  (ki>'-deks)  [L.  :  //.,  Codices'].  A  pharmacopeia 
or  book  of  formulae  ;  specifically,  the  French  pharma- 
copeia. 

Codie  Pine  Resin.     See  Cotvdie-gum. 

Codonostoma  1  ko-do-nos' -to-mah)  [K<jrk>i',abell  ;  at 
a    mouth].      In    biology,    applied   to   the  oral   or  disc 
aperture  of  certain  marine  invertebrates,  medusa;,  etc. 

Ccelelminth    {se'-lel-minth).     See  Celelminth. 

Ccelia  (se'-lc-ah).     See   Celia. 

Cceliac  (se'-le-ak).     See  Celiac. 


Cceliaca  [se-li' '-ak-ah) .     See  Celiaca. 

Cceliadelphus  (se-le-ad-el'-fus).      See  Celiadelphus. 

Cceliagra  (se-le-a'-grah).     See  Celiagra. 

Ccelialgia    [se-le-al'-je-ah).     See  Celialgia. 

Ccelian,  Cceline  (se'-le-an,  se'-lin).    See  Celean,  Celine. 

Cceliocyesis  (se-le-o-si-e'-sis).      See  Celiocyesis. 

Cceliolymph    (se'-le-o-limf).      See  Celiolymph. 

Cceliomyalgia  (se-le-o-mi-aF  -je-ali).     See  Celiomyalgia. 

Ccelioncus  [se-leong'-kus).     See  Celioncus. 

Ccelioplegia  (se-le-o-ple'-je-ah)  [/cof/U'a,  the  belly; 
t> /,;//,  a  stroke].      A  synonym  of  Asiatic  cholera. 

Cceliopyosis  (se-le-o-pi-o'-sis).     See  Celiopyosis. 

Cceliorrhcea  (sc-le-or-e'-ah).     See  Celiorrhca. 

Ccelioschisis  (se-le-os'-kis-is).      See  Celioschisis. 

Ccelioscope  (se'-le-o-s&op).      See  Celioscope. 

Caeliotomy  (se-le-of ' -o-me).      See  Celiotomy. 

Ccelitis  (se-li' -tis).      See  Celitis. 

Ccelodont  (se'-lo-dont)  \ko17.oc,  hollow  ;  bdoig,  tooth]. 
Hollow-toothed,  as  certain  lizards — the  opposite  of 
Pleodont,  or  solid-toothed. 

Ccelom,  Cceloma  (se'-lom,  se-lo'-mab).      S  "i. 

Ccelophlebitis   (se-lo-tlc-bi'-tis).      Si  phlebitis. 

Ccelophthalmia  (se-loff-thal'-me  all).  See  Celophthal- 
mia. 

Ccelosis  (se-!o'-sis).     See  Celosis. 

Ccelosoma  <se-lo-so/-mah).      See  Celosoma. 

Ccelosperm  (sef-lo-sperm\  [/cotAoc,  hollow;  G-ep/ia, 
seed].  In  biology,  a  seed  so  curved  as  to  form  a  con- 
cavity on  one  of  its  surfaces. 


CCELOST<  'MIA 


308 


C'UKK 


Coelostom.-i  oia- 

Ccelumbrc.a  lollow;    um- 

ln  biology,  the  con- 
umbrella  ft  .)/, 
Ccenenchym.i  common; 

In   biology,  the   calcified  tissue 
i  .1  compound  Acti- 

Ccenesthcsis 

Ccenobium  life]. 

[,,  olony  of 

.  common  ini 
sit. 
Ccenoblast  •  •' 

nn],  the    primitive   germinal    layer, 

n  ami  mesoderm. 
Ccencecium  common;    r,)h  ,    a 

ramon  dermal  system 
polypidom  of  Johnson. 
Ccenosarc  oramon;  aapi,  flesh]. 

In  .  Allman's  term  for  the  "common  living 

mposite   zoo- 
another." 
Ccenosteum  tm)   \kqiv6c,  common  ;    ooredv, 

.  tin-  calcareous  ectoderm  of  hy- 

Ccenotype  .  common  ;   rr-<>r,  type]. 

ital  type-form  of  a  group. 

Ccenjru-  .    common;     ovpd,    tail]. 

I'h  .   Kiichenmeister,   pro 

ducing  the  d  called  staggers.     See  also 

ration.     C.  cerebralis,  a  many- 

Itid    found   mainly  in  the  brain  ami    spinal 

tnd  lostly  in  young  animals  |. 

mally  it  has  been  discovered  in  tin-  muscles  of 

man.      It  i>  now  known  to  be  the  larva  of  the  tape- 

ni.    Tan  .i  .      See    Parasites   [Animal), 

Cceroulignone    -  '-non)    [caruleus,   blue;     lig- 

l],    CjBH1606.      Cedriret;    a   derivative   of 

I   i    tyi.      It    separates   as  a  violet  powder 

nit   i>   ] Jiiritied  on   a   large    scale 

tssium  chromate      It  is  insoluble  in  the 

rents,  and  i-<  precipitated  in  fine,  steel-blue 

a  its  phenol  solution,  by  alcohol  or  ether. 

Coffee  -  C.-bean,    Kentucky, 

lie  for  Gymnocladus  canadensis.     C- 

grouni  Vomit,   the  material    ejected    by  emesis   in 

■i  of   the  stomach  and  other 
!■        '-.-i^t-.  of    blood    and    other 
aach  changed   by  the  action  of  the 
C  -tree,  Kentucky.     See  Chicot. 
Coffeinism  ■  izm)  [  Bee].      Kxcessive 

hab  the  si  ite  of  ill-health    that 

.  it. 
Coffer  Dam,  Barnum's.     See  Rubber  Dam. 
Coffeurin  u' -rin)  \caffea,  coffee;    obpov,  urine]. 

nt  in  urine  after 

;  age  or  medicine.     The 

M>r  is  red, 

'.VII. 

Coffin  sket].      I.    A  case    in 

1    body.      2,    In    farriery,  the 

•    bool      C. -birth,     post- 

I   "i,.      C.-bone,  tin:   las)  01 

.1. 

CoBBnism  advo- 

quackery  or  professed  -vstem 
■I     111. .in 

Cogged     Breath-sound.     I  iration    or 

ni,/. 


Cogwheel  Breathing  or  Respiration.  See  Cogwheel 
Sound  and  Breath-sounds.  C.  Sound,  a  pathologic 
sound  sometimes  heard  in  auscultation  of   the  lungs, 

due  to  interruptions  in  the  accession  ol  air  to  a  part; 
this  gives  tin-  sound  an  intermitting  character.  See 
Breath- Sounds. 

Cohabitation  [ko-hab-it-af -shun)  [con,  together; 
habitare,  to  dwell].  The  living  together  of  a  man 
and  woman,  with  or  without  legal  marriage.  Sexual 
ci >nn< '  ii. 'ii 

Cohen's  Method.  A  method  of  inducing  premature 
labor.  It  consists  in  injecting  fluid  into  the  uterine 
cavity  between  the  uterine  wall  and  the  ovum.  See 
Treating  nt.   Methods  of. 

Cohesion     [ko-he' '-zhun)    \coharere,  to  stick  together]. 
The    force    whereby    molecules    of    matter    adhere   to 
i  other.      The  "attraction  of  aggregation." 

Cohn's  Fluid.  A  fluid  culture-medium.  It  is  com- 
posed of  potassium  phosphate,  o.i  gm.;  magnesium 
sulphate,  o.l  gm.;  tricalcic  phosphate,  o.oi  gm.;  dis- 
tilled water,  20  gm.;    ammonium  tartrate,  0. 2  gm. 

Cohnheim's  Areas.  See  Area.  C.  Fields.  See  Colin  - 
heim's  Areas.  C.  Frog.  See  Salt-frog.  C.  Method, 
a  method  of  staining  tissues.  See  Stains,  Table  of. 
C.  Theory,  a  theory  as  to  the  origin  of  tumors;  a 
satisfactory  hypothesis,  namely,  to  the  effect  that  all 
true  tumors  are  due  to  faulty  embryonal  development. 
The  embryonal  cells  do  not  undergo  the  normal 
changes,  are  displaced,  or  are  superfluous.  When 
the  favorable  conditions  are  presented  later  in  life 
tiny  take  on  growth,  with  the  formation  of  tumors  of 
various  kinds. 

Cohnstein's  Operation.     See  Operations,    Table  of. 

Cohobation  (Icoho-ba' -shun)  [cohobare,  to  redistil]. 
I.    Redistillation.      2.    Recurrence  of  disease. 

Cohosh  (ko'-lios/i)  [Am.  Ind.].  A  name  given  to 
several  medicinal  plants.  C,  Black.  See  Cimicifuga. 
C,  Blue.     See  Caulophyllum. 

Coil  [koil)  [colligere,  to  gather  together].  Rings  formed 
by  winding,  as  a  wire.  C. -gland.  See  Sweat-gland. 
C,  Induction,  rolls  of  wire  in  which  an  electric  cur- 
rent is  induced  by  the  alternate  opening  and  closing  of 
a  circuit.  C,  Leiter's.  See  Letter's  Tubes.  C, 
Ruhmkorff,  an  induction-coil,  or  spark-coil. 

Coiling  [koil'-ing)  \colligere,  to  bind  together].  Form- 
ing into  spirals  or  rings.      C.  of  the  Cord.     See  Cord. 

Coin  Jication  {ko-in-de-ka* -shun)  [eon,  with  ;  indicare, 
to  indicate].  A  concurrent  indication  ;  a  collateral 
and  confirmatory  indication.     Cf.  Contraindication. 

Coin-test  [koin'-test).  See  BaccellVs  Sign,  and  Bell- 
Sound . 

Coir  (l'ir)  [Tamil,  kayaru,  a  rope].  See  Coeoanut- 
fiber. 

Coiter's  Corrugator.  The  corrugator  supercilii.  See 
Muscles,   Table  of. 

Coition  [ko-ish'-un)  \coire,  to  come  together].  Same 
as  Coitus. 

Coitus  [kof-it-us)  [  «/«,  to  come  together].  The  act 
of  sexual  connection.  Copulation.  C.  Disease,  the 
venereal  disease  of  the  horse.  C.  reservatus,  con- 
gressus  interruptus  :  incomplete  copulation  ;  the  in- 
complete performance  of  the  sexual  act;  onanism. 

Coix  \ko/-iks)  [m»;,  ;iii  Kgyptian  variety  of  palm ].  \ 
nus  of  coarse  monecious  grasses.  C.  lacrima.  an 
old  world  -|.  i  of  grass, having veiy large  and  hard 
Is,  called  fob's  teat  .  from  which  beads  are  made 
which  are  worn  a-  amulets,  and  are  thought  to  a^sis( 
the  process  of  dentition  when  bitten  upon  by  young 
teething  children.  The  seeds  an-  used  locally  for 
lung  troubles  and  for  dropsy        Inof. 

Coke  [kok]  [origin  uncertain],  The  solid  product  of 
the  carbonization  of  coal. 


COKO  DISEASE 


309 


COLIC 


Coko  Disease  {ko'-ko  dis-ez').  A  name  applied  in  the 
liji  Islands  to  a  disease  resembling  Yaws. 

Cola   [ko'Lah).      See  Kola-nut. 

Colalgia  [ko-lal' '-je-ah)  \tUfhov, the  colon;  a?.yoc, pain]. 
Pain  in  the  great  intestine. 

Colation  (ko-la/-shuu)  \_colare,  to  strain].  The  opera- 
tion of  straining. 

Colatorium  Ikol-at-o' -re-um)  [!-■]•  A  sieve,  colander, 
or  strainer  ;   used  in  pharmacy. 

Colature  [kot -lat-yiir)  [colatura,  straining].  In  phar- 
macy, a  liquifl  that  has  been  subjected  to  eolation. 

Colchicein  {kol-chis-e' '-in)  \_K<i'/\non,  colchicum],  Cu- 
ll.^ NO- +  2ll20.  A  crystalline  decomposition-product 
of   colchicin. 

Colchicin  {kol'chis-in)  [/co/;$7/><ir,  colchicum],  C,7II19- 
N05.  An  alkaloid  of  colchicum;  it  isa  pair,  brown- 
ish-yellow, exceedingly  bitter  powder,  freely  soluble  in 
water.  It  is  a  very  active  poison.  Its  dose  is  gr. 
yjjj  or  \  milligram,  hypodermatically. 

Colchicum  [kolr -chik-um)  [ko?.xik6v,  colchicum  :  gen., 
Colchici\.  Meadow  Saffron.  The  corm  and  seed  of  C. 
autumnale,  with  properties  due  to  an  alkaloid,  colchicin. 
It  is  an  emetic,  diuretic,  diaphoretic,  and  drastic 
cathartic.  It  is  valuable  in  acute  gout,  and  is  used 
with  good  results  in  gonorrhea.  Dose  of  the  pow- 
dered root  gr.  ij— viij ,  of  the  powdered  seeds  gr.  j-v. 
C,  Extract.  (15. P.).  Dose  gr.  ss-ij.  C,  Extract., 
Aceticum  (B.P.).  Dose  gr.  ss-ij.  C.  Rad.,  Ext., 
dilute  acetic  acid  35,  powdered  root  loo  parts,  water 
q.  s.  Dose  gr.  l/2-\).  C.  Rad.,  Ext.,  Fid.  Dose 
rnjj-x.  C.  Rad.,  Vinum,  40  per  cent,  in  strength. 
Dose  n\v-xv.  C.  Sem.,  Ext.,  Fid.  Dose  n\j-v. 
C.  Sem.,  Vinum,  15  per  cent,  in  strength.  Dose 
rn^x-xxx.  C,  Tinct.,  prepared  from  the  seed ; 
strength  15  per  cent.  Dose  n\,x-xxx.  C,  Vinum 
(B.P.).     Dose  rr\_x-xxx. 

Colcothar  (hoi' '-ko-thar)  [ML.].  A  crude  sesquioxid 
of  iron  ;  red  oxid  of  iron  ;  a  tonic  and  hemostatic. 
Unof.      See  also  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Cold  {hold)  [AS. ,  ceald\  I.  The  comparative  want  of 
heat.  2.  A  term  used  popularly  for  coryza  and  catarrhal 
conditions  of  the  respiratory  tract.  Cold  is  employed 
largely  in  various  forms  as  a  therapeutic  agent,  mainly 
for  the  purpose  of  lowering  temperature  and  allay- 
ing irritation  and  inflammation.  It  may  be  used  in 
the  form  of  affu<ion,  that  is,  the  sudden  application  of 
a  considerable  volume  of  cold  water  to  the  body.  This 
application  of  trie  cold  douche  is  contraindicated  in  all 
cases  of  extreme  weakness,  with  feeble  pulse.  Cold 
may  be  used  as  an  anesthetic  (see  Anesthetic)  ;  in  baths 
(see  Bath)  ;  in  the  form  of  compresses  applied  over 
the  affected  part ;  in  the  form  of  irrigation,  especially 
in  the  treatment  of  bruised  and  injured  members  ;  as  a 
lotion,  for  the  purpose  of  relieving  local  heat,  pain,  and 
swelling;  as  an  injection,  in  the  form  of  ice- water,  into 
the  vagina  or  rectum,  for  various  conditions ;  and  as 
the  cold  pack ,  which  is  a  valuable  means  of  reducing 
the  body-temperature  in  cases  of  hyperpyrexia.  The 
patient  is  wrapped  in  a  sheet  wrung  out  of  cold  water  ; 
as  this  becomes  warm,  it  is  replaced  by  a  fresh  cold 
one,  or  iced  water  may  be  poured  upon  it,  or  lumps  of 
ice  placed  upon  and  around  it.  When  the  temperature 
is  reduced  the  wet  sheet  should  be  removed  and  a  light 
covering  applied,  but  not  a  blanket.  This  is  not  as 
efficacious  as  the  cold  bath.  Cold  may  be  applied  in 
the  dry  form  by  means  of  the  ice-cap  or  /'ladder,  an 
india-rubber  bag  filled  with  ice,  snow,  or  a  freezing 
mixture.  C.  Abscess.  See  Abscess.  C. -blooded. 
See  Poikilothermic.  C.  on  the  Chest,  bronchial 
catarrh,  q.  v.  C.  Coil.  See  Letter's  Coils.  C. 
Cream.  See  Rosa.  C.  Freckles.  See  Lentigo. 
C.   Pack.       See    Cold.       C.    Plague.      Synonym    of 


Cerebrospinal  Meningitis.  C.  Sore,  same  as  Fe-eer- 
blister.  C.  Spots.  See  Temperature  Sense-,  C. 
Stroke,  a  condition,  the  analogue  of  heat-stroke,  in 
which  from  excessive  cold  the  patient  1-  suddi  nl)  • 
come  and  falls  into  a  comatose  state,  shortly  followed, 
as  a  rule,  by  death.  C.  Test,  a  test  applied  ch 
to  lubricating  oils  to  determine  the  point  at  which  the 
oil  In  lmii-  (o  congeal,  and  ceases  to  How. 

Colectomy  (ko-lck'-to-m, )  [k<5Aoi>,  colon;  Hcroyu#,  cut- 
ting out].      Excision  of  a  portion  of  the  colon. 

Coleitis  \col-e-i* '-tis)  [mj/.£oc,  sheath;  trie,  inflamma- 
tion].     Vaginitis. 

Coleocele  [ko/'-c-o-sel)  [ko/.c<5c,  sheath;  kt/'/j/,  tumor]. 
Vaginal  tumor  or  hernia. 

Coleophyl  1  kol' -e-o-fil)  \twke6c,  sheath;  QvXXov,  leaf]. 
In  biology,  the  investing  sheath  of  the  monocotyle- 
donous  plumule. 

Coleoptosis  {kol-e-op-to> '-sis)  \ko\e6c,  sheath;  Trri.inir,  a 
fall].      Prolapse  of  the  vaginal  wall. 

Coleorhiza  {kol-e-or-i* '-zaA)  \koXe6c,  sheath ;  l>Ka,  root]. 
In  biology,  a  sheath  that  envelops  the  radicle  in 
some  embryos  and  through  which  roots  penetrate 
when  the  seed  germinates. 

Coleorrhexis  (kol-e-or-eks'  -is)  [no/roe,  a  sheath  ;  pf/i":, 
a  rupture].      Rupture  of  the  vagina. 

Coleostegnosis  (kol-e-o-steg-no' -sis)  [ko7.eoc,  a  sheath  ; 
ariyvuoi.c,  a  constriction].  Contraction  or  atresia  of 
the  vagina. 

Colic  (kol'-ik)  \_colicns,  ku'/ikoc,  pertaining  to  the  colon]. 
I.  Pertaining  to  the  colon.  2.  A  severe  griping  pain 
in   the  bowels  or   adjacent  organs,  as,   e  /tic, 

nephritic,  etc.  In  intestinal  colic  the  pains  radiate 
over  the  abdomen  from  the  region  of  the  umbilicus. 
The  belly  is  usually  distended  (save  in  /., 
q.  v.),  and  pressure  will  usually  relieve  the  pain. 
Colic  may  be  due  to  irritation  from  the  intestinal 
contents,  a  diseased  condition  of  the  bowel-wall,  re 
flex  irritation  from  other  abdominal  viscera,  and 
general  blood-poisoning.  C.  of  the  Antilles,  an  ende- 
mic form  of  colic  somewhat  resembling  lead-colic.  C. 
Arteries.  See  Arteries,  Table  of.  C,  Biliary.  - 
Gall-stones.  C,  Bilious.  See  C,  Endemic.  C, 
Copper,  a  colic  or  pain  in  the  intestinal  canal  seen 
in  workers  in  copper,  and  differing  from  lead  colic 
in  being  attended  with  extreme  prostration  and  diar- 
rhea. The  duration  is  short  and  the  prognosis  favor- 
able. C,  Cramp.  See  Cramp.  C,  Devonshire. 
Synonym  of  C,  Lead.  C,  Dry.  See  C,  Endemic. 
Also  a  synonym  of  C,  Lead.  C,  Endemic,  a  variety 
of  colic  occurring  epidemically  in  some  of  the  inter- 
tropical countries.  Its  symptoms  resemble  those  of 
lead-colic.  It  is  not  accompanied  by  any  constant 
lesion  ;  it  lasts  from  eight  to  fifteen  days  and  may 
end  in  general  paralysis  and  death,  or  it  may  become 
chronic.  Relapses  are  frequent.  C,  Hill. 
Hill  Diarrhea.  C  Horn.  Synonym  of  Priapism. 
C,  Lead,  or  C  Saturnine,  or  Colica  /'/,.'.  uum, 
painter's  colic,  is  that  due  to  lead-poisoning.  It  is 
common  among  those  who  use  or  work  with  lead. 
It  is  characterized  by  excruciating  abdominal  pain,  a 
hard  and  retracted  condition  of  the  abdomen,  slow 
pulse,  and  increased  arterial  tension.  C,  Madrid. 
Synonym  of  C,  Lead.  C,  Meconial,  the  colic  of 
the  new-born.  C,  Menstrual,  the  pain  of  menstrua- 
tion. C  Mucous.  See  Enteritis,  membra- 
nous. C,  Nervous.  See  C,  Endemic  C,  Nor- 
mandy. Synonym  of  C,  Lead.  C.  of  Poitou. 
Synonym  of  C,  Lead.  C.  Root.  See  Aletris  and 
Dioscorea.  C,  Sailors',  a  form  of  colic  common 
among  sailors.  C.  of  Surinam.  Synonym  of  C, 
Lead.  C,  Uterine,  colic-like  pains  experienced  at 
the  menstrual  epochs,  often  coming  on  in  paroxysms. 


C(  'I  I<    \ 


310 


COLLODION' 


C   West    Indian.      Synonym    of  C, 

Zinc.  .1  form  of  colic  due  to  chronic  tine  poisonii 
Colica  C.pictonum   | 

lie  of  the  people  of  Poitou  Paint 

C.  pituitosa.     Syno 
nvin   ol  C.   scorto- 

rum.  a  pain  in  the  p<  youthful  prostitutes,  symp- 

ts  1 1 « .1 11  tin-n- 
un It  is  due  probably  (<■  a 

Colicodynia  Pain    in    the    large 

inti 
Colicoplegia  .  pertainingto 

i    the   intes- 

Colttis  •  -  >tine  ;     -  -  .  in- 

mmation  nt'  the  colon.     See  also 
C..   Mucous. 
C,  Pellicular.     A  synonym  of  Mem- 

Collagen  ,   glue ;  .    to  pro- 

isting  in  various  tissues  ol  the 
ad   cartilage;    it  is  converted 
latin  by  I 
Collapse  Mil  together].    Exti 

stration   from   failure    of    nervous 

shock,   hemorrhage,  etc.     C.  of 

Lung,  return  of  a  portion  or  the  whole  of  a   lung   to 

fetal  or  airless    condition    from    some   mechanical 

'Hindrance  to  the  entrance  of  air.      It  is  characterized 

by  .  with  more  <>r  less  cyanosis,  and  is  mainly 

encountered  in  broncho-pneumonia.     C,  Parturient, 

urient  apoplexy;   vitular  or  vitulary   fever;    puer- 

ver  in  cow-. 

Collapsing  [kol-  \coUabere,  to  fall  together]. 

Idenly    breaking   down.       C.    Pulse.      See    Cor- 

i'.i 

CoIIapsu  its)  [L.].     Collapse.     C.  corneae, 

;re  collapse  of  the  cornea. 

Collar  '-•.)■    [ME.,«4r].     Something  worn  about 

the  neck.      C  Adjusting,  in  microscopes,  a  ring  or 

collar  acting  on  a  screw  to  increase  or  decrease   the 

ince  between  th«  is  of  lenses  of  an  objective. 

C.-bone.      S  C.-cell,    in    biology,    a 

gellate  cell  having  the  base  of  the  rlagellum  sur- 

!   by  a  collar-like  extension  of  the  cell-wall. 

C  -crown,  in  dentistry,  an  artificial  crown,  to  be  en- 

.   on  a  natural  root,  attached  to  which  is  a  gold 

•  which  encircles  the  exposed  portion  of  the  root, 

to  the  lining  or  hacking  that  holds  the 

■     -    m        ises,  or  to  the  dowel  by  means  of  a 

i-e  of  the  artificial   crown  and  the 

natural  i 

Collatera:  al)  [con,  together ;     lateralis,    of 

the  side].     Accessory  or  secondary  ;   not  direct  or  im- 

Collecting  Tubes  of  the  Kidney.     A  name  given  to 

the  dui  ts  disi  barging  into  the  calices  of  the  kidneys. 
Collector  to  collect].      A   de- 

which  any  number  of  cells  may  be  taken  from 
urrent. 
Collenchyma  m-ak)  [ko/'/ji,  glue; 

i  »n].     In  biology,  ap]  a  modified  plant- 

parenchyma  in  which  tbe  cells  arc  thickened   at  the 

lie-like  mass. 
Collenchyme  0,  glue  ;   /;  xvhXL>  an 

'"  gelatinous  matrix 

Collencyte  ,  rofj 

1,1  --sue 

•    •    i 
'  ••  >    ol     thi     perineal 


Colles      Fascia. 


fascia  It  is  attached  to  the  base  of  the  triangular 
ligament,  to  the  anterior  lips  of  the  rami  of  the  pubes 
and  ischia  laterally,  and  anteriorlj  it  is  continuous 
with  the  fascia  oi  tin-  scrotum.  C.  Fracture. 
Fracture,  and  Diseases,  Table  of  C.  Law.  See 
Law  C.  Ligament.  See  Ligament.  C.  Opera- 
tion. S  ations,  Table  of 
ColKt  I  i  .  'lum,  tin-  neck].  A  neck  or 
collar.  A  term  applied  by  some  writers  on  dental 
anatomy  to  the  neck  of  a  tooth. 

Colleterium  [kol-et-e,-re-um)  [m</> /,.<){•,  glued  to- 
gether]. In  biology,  a  gland  in  certain  insects  that 
secretes  a  viscid  substani  e  for  gluing  the  ova  together. 

Colletic  i  kol  t-t'-ik)  [/v<;>>./;, /mv  ;  mi'/'/h,  glue].  Oluey  ; 
promoting  surgical  union  in  wounds. 

Colletocystophore  {ko-let-osis'-to-for)  [KoXkr/ri/c,  one 
who  glues;  kvotic,  bladder;  (pipeiv,  to  bear].  In 
biology,  marginal  bodies  found  in  lucernarian  hydro- 
zoans. 

Colliculus  [kol-ikf -u-his)  [dim.  of  collis,  hill:  //., 
Colliculi~\.  Any  eminence  of  the  cerebral  parietes. 
The  colliculi  are  the  caudatum,  hippocamp,  calcar, 
collateral  eminence,  occipital  eminence,  and  amyg- 
daline  eminence. 

Collidin  \kol'-id-in)  [n6A?.a,  glue],  CH1I,,N.  A  name 
given  to  N'encki's  ptomaine-base,  isomeric  but  not 
identical  with  aldehyd-collidin.  The  ptomaine  was 
obtained  from  pancreas  and  gelatin  allowed  to  putrefy 
together  in  water.  Its  constitution  is  still  unknown. 
The  free  base  is  oily,  and  possesses  a  peculiar,  agree- 
able odor.  Nencki  believed  it  an  aromatic  base.  Its 
physiologic  action  appears  to  be  doubtful,  but  an 
isomer  of  it  discovered  in  ox-blood  fibrin  and  in 
putrefied  jelly-fish  has  a  poisonous  effect  resembling 
that  of  curara.  Frogs  poisoned  by  the  isomer  emit 
an  orange-flower  odor.  N'encki's  collidin  is  isomeric 
with  collidin   obtained  from  coal-tar. 

Collier's  Lung.     Synonym  of  Anthracosis. 

Collilongus  (kol-e-lon  '  n\  \collum,  neck;  longus, 
long].     The  muscle  called  longus  colli.     See  Muscles. 

Collimator  [koV -im-a-tor)  {jollimare,  to  aim  at].  The 
receiving  telescope  of  a  spectroscope. 

Collin's  Black,  CfiHjN.  A  name  for  Anilin  lilack, 
employed  in  staining  microscopic  sections. 

Collinsonia  {kol-in-so'  -ne-ah)  [after  Peter  Collinson,  an 
English  gentleman],  A  genus  of  labiate  herbs.  C. 
canadensis  (stone-root,  heal-all),  is  a  coarse  plant 
with  a  disagreeable  smell ;  it  has  useful  tonic,  diuretic, 
and  diaphoretic  properties.  Dose  gr.  xv-lx  in  decoc- 
tion ;  of  the  fluid  extract  ^x-^j;  of  the  tincture 
(i  in  io)   £  ss-ij. 

Collinsonin  {kol-in-so1 '-nin)  [Collinsonia].  A  precipitate 
from  the  tincture  of  the  root  of  Collinsonia  canadensis. 
It  is  tonic,  diaphoretic,  resolvent,  and  diuretic.  Dose 
2  to  4  grains.      Unof. 

Colliquation  (kol-ik-wa' '-shun)  [con,  together  ;  liquare, 
to  melt].  The  liquefaction  or  breaking  down  of  a 
tissue  or  organ. 

Colliquative  [kol-ikf -wa-tiv)  [con.  together;  liquare. 
to  melt].  Exhausting;  enfeebling;  copiously  pro- 
fuse or  excessive  ;  marked  by  excessive  fluid  dis- 
charge. C.  Diarrhea,  a  profuse  watery  diarrhea.  C. 
Necrosis,  a  high  degree  of  inflammatory  process  in 
the  tissues,  with  active  movement  of  the  leucocytes 
toward  the  central  focus  and  rapid  breaking  down  of 
the  tissues,  forming  an  abscess-cavity.  C.  Sweat,  a 
profuse,  clammy  sweat. 

Collocystis  [kol-o-sis1 '-tis)  [Ko/wa,  glue  ;  Kvanc,  cysts]. 
A  gelatin  capsule  to  facilitate  the  swallowing  of  a 
■  hug. 

Collodion  ikol-o' -de-on)  [Ko'/'/fjih/c,  glue-like].  See 
Pyro  xylin. 


COLLOOIL  M 


311 


'  OLOR 


Collodium  (kol-o'-de-um).      Se<    Pyroxylin. 

Colloid  (kol'-oid)  [ko/>«,  glue],  i.  A  non-crystalliza 
ble  and  generally  soluble  organic  substance. 
Dialysis.  2.  A  mobile  pathologic  material,  jelly  tiki  . 
firmer  than  mucus,  ami  differing  in  it ^  reactions  from 
albumin  and  from  lardacein.  3.  Having  (In-  nature 
of  glue.  4.  In  chemistry,  amorphous  and  non  crystal 
line.  C.  Cancer.  See  Cancer.  C.  Degeneration 
of  the  Skin,  a  rare  disease,  o<  1  lining  chiefly  on  the 
upper  part  of  the  face,  in  the  form  of  small,  glistening, 
translucent,  flattish  elevations,  and  yielding  by  pres- 
sure a  small,  jelly-like  mass.  C.  Milium.  See  Mil- 
ium . 

Colloma  (kol-of-maK)  [mi/'/a,  glue;  bfta,  a  tumor:  />/., 
Collomata~\.  A  cystic  tumor  containing  a  gelatiniform, 
amorphous,  and  non-vascular  substance. 

Collonema  (kol-o-ne/-mah)  [h<i/'/<i,  glue;  vfjua,  tissue: 
pi. ,  Collonemata"^.     Myxoma,  or  myxosarcoma. 

Collum  (kol'-ttm)  [L.].  The  neck;  especially  the 
anterior  part  of  the  neck.  C.  distortum.  Synonym 
of  Torticollis. 

Collunarium  (kol-un-a' '-re-um)  [L.].   A  nasal  douche. 

Collyrium  [kol-ir'-e-um)  [w)/./i,»r,  an  eye-salve:  pi. , 
Colfyria],  An  astringent,  antiseptic,  or  medicinal 
lotion  for  the  eyes.  More  rarely,  a  vaporous  or  gase- 
ous medicament  for  application  to  the  eyes,  or  even 
a  powder,  or  solid,  to  be  used  in  treating  the  eye 
topically,  is  called  a  collyrium.  (Anciently,  any 
suppository  or  medicated  bougie  was  thus  called.)  C. 
adstringens  luteum.  See  Graefe  s  Collyrium  and 
fforsfs  Eye-water. 

Coloboma  \kol-o-bo'  -mah)*\_Kt>'/  oIoeiv,  to  mutilate:  //. , 
Colobomata\.  A  cleavage  or  fissure  of  parts  of  the 
eye,  of  congenital  or  traumatic  origin.  Congenital  C. 
are  due  to  imperfect  closure  of  fissures  during  fetal 
development.  C,  Bridge,  a  variety  in  which  the 
pupil  is  separated  from  the  coloboma  by  a  narrow 
thread  of  iris-tissue  that  stretches  like  a  bridge  from 
one  pillar  of  the  coloboma  to  the  other. 

Colocentesis  (kol-o-sen-tef-sis)  \_k67mv,  colon  ;  kevttioic, 
puncture].      Surgical  puncture  of  the  colon. 

Colocleisis  (kol-o-kli'-sis)  [ko'/.ov,  colon ;  K/.elatc,  clo- 
sure].    Occlusion  of  the  colon. 

Colocynth     (kol'-o-sintk).     See  Colocynthus. 

Colocynthein  (  kol-o-sin'  -the-in  )  [ko/.okwO'ic ,  colo- 
cynth], C^H^Ojj.  A  resinous  decomposition-product 
of  colocynthin. 

Colocynthin  (kol-o-sin' thin)  [m'/oKwdic,  colocynth], 
C-jjH^O^.  The  active  principle  of  colocynth ;  an 
extract,  or  a  yellow  amorphous,  neutral,  exceedingly 
bitter  powder,  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol,  but  not  in 
ether.      It  is  an   irritant  hydragogue  cathartic.      Dose 


er.  l%  to  I. 


Unof. 


Colocynthis  [kol-o-sin' -this)  [koKokovBiq,  colocynth]. 
Colocynth.  The  fruit  of  C.  citrullus,  from  which  the 
seeds  and  rind  have  been  rejected.  Its  properties  are 
due  to  a  bitter  glucosid,  colocynthin.  C56H8t023,  the  dose 
of  which  is  gr.  ^  -  I.  It  is  a  tonic  and  astringent  pur- 
gative, and  is  used  mainly  as  an  ingredient  of  compound 
cathartic  pills.  It  is  somewhat  useful  in  colic,  sciatic 
rheumatism,  and  neuralgia.  C,  Ext.,  alcoholic.  Dose 
gr.  ]/2-V).  C,  Ext.,  Comp.,  contains  colocynth  ex- 
tract 16,  aloes  50,  cardamom  6,  resin  of  scammony  14, 
soap  14,  alcohol  10.  Dose  gr.  v-xx.  C,  Pilula 
Comp.  (B.  P.)  contains  colocynth,  aloes,  scammony, 
sulphate  of  potassium  and  oil  of  cloves.  Dose  gr. 
v— x.  Pilulae  Cathartic.  Comp.,  compound  cathartic 
pills  ;  contain  each,  comp.  ext.  of  0  >  1  <  icj  nth  gr.  1. 3,  ab- 
stract jalap  gr.  j,  calomel  gr.  j,  gamboge  gr.  J^.  Dose 
j-iij  pills.  Pil.  catharticae  vegetabiles,  contain  colo- 
cynth, hyoscyamus,  jalap,  leptandra,  resin  of  podophyl- 
lum, oil  of  peppermint.    Pil.  colocynth  et  hyoscyam. 


Dose  gr.  v-x.      Laville's  Anti-gout  Remedy,  con- 
tains  colocynthin  2.yz,  quinin,  cinchonirj  aa  - 
ish  wine  800,  alcohol  loo,  water  1000  parts. 
Colocynthitin     (kol-o-sin' -tkii-in)      [koao  <  olo- 

i  yniii]       A  crystalline,  tasteless,  inactive  principle  of 
colocynth. 

Colo-enteritis       (kol-o-en-ter-V ' -tis  )       [/.ww,    col 

,  an  intestine;  trig,  inflammation].  Inflamma- 
tion  of  the  small  and  large  intestine.  See  Enlero- 
<  otitis. 

Cologne  {kol-on'\.  See  Spiritus  odoralus.  C.  Spirit, 
rectified  commercial  alcohol.  C.  Glue.  See  Glue. 
C. -water,  aqua  cologniensis.  See  Spiritus  odoratus. 
C. -water  Habit,  the  use  of  cologne-water  as  a 
drink  for  the  purpose  of  experiencing  the  effects  of 
the  alcohol  which  it  contains. 

Colognese  (kol-on-ez' ).      Same  as  Cinder. 

Colomba,  Colombo  (kol-om'-bah,  kol-om'-bo).  See 
Calumba. 

Colomiatti,  Bacillus  of.     See  Bacteria. 

Colon  (ko'-lon)  \k67av,  kuIXov,  the  colon].     The  secon- 
and   principal    part    of    the    large    intestine.      In    the 
various  parts  of  its  course  it  is  known  as  the  ascending 
C,  the  transverse  C,  the  descending  C,  and  the 
moid  flexure. 

Colonia  (ko-lon-i'-ah).      Synonym  of  Dysentery. 

Colonic  (fco-lon'-ik)  \ku?iov,  the  colon].  Pertaining  to 
the  colon. 

Colonitis  (ko-lon-i'-tis).      See  Coliti  . 

Colony  \kol'-o-ne)  [colonia,  a  colony].  A  collection  or 
assemblage,  as  of  microorganisms  in  a  special  culture. 
C.  Treatment,  for  the  insane.      See  Gheel  System. 

Colophony  Resin  (kol'-o-fo-ne)  [/co/kxpwv,  a  city  of 
Ionia].  Rosin.  The  solid  residue  left  on  distilling 
off  the  volatile  oil  from  crude  turpentine.  Rosin 
is  a  brittle,  tasteless,  very  friable  solid,  of  smooth. 
shining  fracture,  specific  gravity  about  1. 08.  It 
softens  at  8o°  C.  (1760  F. ),  and  fuses  completely 
to  a  limpid,  yellow  liquid  at  1350  C.  (2750  F.  |.  It  is 
insoluble  in  water,  with  difficulty  soluble  in  alcohol, 
freely  soluble  in  ether,  acetone,  benzene,  and  fatty 
oils.      See  Resin. 

Coloproctia  (kol-o-prok'  -te-ali)  \_k67.ov,  colon  ;  irpoicrdg, 
anus].     The  formation  of  an  artificial  colonic  anus. 

Colopuncture  (kol' '-o-punk' -chur)  \_ko'/.ov,  colon  ;  punc- 
tura,  puncture].      Same  as  Coloccnt, 

Coloquintida  (kol-o-kwin'  -tid-ah)  [ML.].  An  old 
name  for  colocynth. 

Color  (kull'-er)  [color,  color].  The  differences  in  the 
appearance  of  a  thing  seen,  other  than  those  due  to 
form  and  relief.  The  tint  or  hue  of  an  object,  de- 
pendent upon  the  number  of  vibrations  of  the  ethereal 
stimulus.  See  Pigment.  C. -blindness.  See  Blind- 
ness. C,  Complementary,  any  color  that  added  to 
another  color,  or  to  a  mixture  of  colors,  produces 
white.  C. -contrast,  any  two  colors  that,  when  mixed, 
supplement  the  prevailing  tone  of  the  light-  C.-cure, 
the  supposed  therapeutic  effect  of  exposure  to  variously 
colored  light.  C. -hearing,  the  excitation  of  the 
visual  center  for  color  through  the  auditory  nerve  ;  the 
perception  of  sound  photisms.  See  /'holism.  C- 
image,  an  image  of  a  highly-colored  object  lighted 
with  so  wide  an  aperture  that  the  refraction-images  are 
drowned  in  the  light.  C. -sensation,  depends  on  the 
number  of  vibrations  of  the  ether,  the  same  as  the 
pitch  of  a  note  depends  on  the  number  of  vibrations 
of  the  sounding  body.  Hcring  s  Theory  of  C.-s  pre- 
dicates disassimilation  and  assimilation  (decomposition 
and  restitution)  of  the  visual  substance  in  vision — 
white,  red.  and  yellow  representing  the  sensation  of 
disassimilation,  black,  green,  and  blue  that  of  restitu- 
tion.     The    Young- Helmholtz    Theory    assumes    three 


Col  I  (RECTI  IIS 


312 


COLTS  1  (  lOT 


kinds  "t   nerve-elements   corresponding  t.>  tin-  three 
primarj  Stimulation   "i    the    rirst    develops 

red,  of  the   second,  green,  of  the  third,  violet. 

C. -sense, the  faculty  1>>  which  the  various 
are  distinguished.     C.-top.    i  mtaining 

mi  tht  'i    it>  » li -<.-  .1  numb 

••  mixed"  by  rapid  whirling.     Colors,  Mixed,  i 
produced  when  the  retina  i^  excited  by  two  or  more 
C,  Saturated,  i  Mining  little 

lute      C,  Simple,  those  of  the  spectrum. 
Colorectitis  ctus, 

•.tr.u^'nr  :      -    .   inflammation].      Inflammation   of  the 

..i  synonym  of  Dysentery. 
Colorectostom  .  v,    colon; 

.    a    mouth]         The    Mirgical 
tun  n  the  colon  and  the 
.im. 
Colorimeter  i    [color,  color;     it; - 

measure].      An  instrument  for  determining  the  quan- 
ta matter  in  a  mixture,  as  in    the  blood. 
3 
Colorin  .color].    An  alcoholic  extract 

Coloring  -in&  i  [color,  color].      A  lint  or  combi- 

oal  nrs.     C.  Matters.     See  Pigments,  Colors, 

■ 
Colostomy  i  ■{•    .  [k6Xov,   colon;   ardua,  open- 

i      [Tie    formation  of    an  artificial    anus    by 
an  g    into    the    colon  ;     coloproctia.      2.    Any 

>u:.  ration  upon  the  colon  that  maki  >  a  i><rma- 

nent  opening  into  it,  whether  internal  orexternal. 
Colostration  i  i-  <l-os-tra' '-shun  i  [colostrum,  the  first  milk 
livery].      A  disease  or  illness  of  young  infants 
d  to  the  effect--  of  the  colostrum. 
Colostric    i  kol-o^-trik)  [colostrum,  the  first  milk    after 

livery].      Relating  to  colostrum. 
Colostrou-*  '      i      [colostrum,  the  first  milk  after 

very].  <  >f  the  nature  of  or  containing  colostrum. 
Colostrum  l-oi '-tnun  \  [L.].  The  first  milk  from  the 
mother's  breasts  after  the  birth  of  the  child.  It  is 
- i ->ts  in  the  expulsion  of  the  meconium. 
C.  Corpuscles,  small  microscopic  bodies  contained 
in  the  colostrum.  They  are  the  epithelial  cells  of  the 
mammary  glands,  full  of  oil  globules.  After  about 
the  third  day  these  cells  bur>t  and  set  free  the  fat 
globuh  they  leave  the  gland,  and  in  this  way 

true  milk  i-  firmed. 
Colotomy  !  [kSKov,  colon;  rsuveiv,  to  cut]. 

In<  i  ither  abdominal,  lateral,  lum- 

tinal,  according  to  tin;  region  of  entrance. 
Colotyphus  ,  smoke], 

r  with  involvement  of  the  colon.     Also  a 
ry. 
Colpaltcia  ah)  [niXnoq,  vagina ;  akyoc, pain], 

neuralgia. 
Colpaporrhexis  |  .■•-.»,    vagina; 

or  breakage].     Severance 
dy  of  the  uterus. 
Colpatresia  ah)  [«W,7roc,  vagina ; 

n  or  atresia  of  the  vagina. 
Colpectasia  ,  vagina  ; 

•lit].     Vaginal  dilatati 
Colpedema  ,  vagina;    oid^/m, 

gina. 
Colpemphraxis  '    .  ■  -,„■.     vagina  ; 

m  of  the 
Colpeurynter  ,  vagina; 

n].      An  inflatabl  1  for  dilating 

Colpeurysis 

•inal  dilal  illy  that  effected 


Colpitis  {kol-pi/-tis)[K6'\iro<  .  vagina  ;  irir,  inflammation]. 

Inflammation  of  the  vagina. 
Colpocele  [kol' -po-sil,  or se/-le)  [nd/.irng,  vagina;   «/>//, 

tumor].      Hernia  or  tumor  in  the  vagina. 
Colpocleisis  (kol-po-kli'-sis)  [k6aitoc,  vagina;  nXetaig,  a 

sure].     The  surgical  closure  of  the  vagina. 
Colpocystic    [kol-po-sis* -tik)    [ndAirog,  vagina;    nc6c 

bladder].     Relating  to  the  vagina  and  the  bladder; 

\  esi«  •  •  « aginal. 
Colpocystitis  [kol-po-sis-ti'-tis)  [nu/rror,  vagina;  Ma-ir, 

bladder;    inr,    inflammation].      Inflammation  of  the 

vagina  and  the  bladder. 
Colpocystocele     [holpo-sis,-to-sll)     [K6"kiroct    vagina; 

kvotic,  a  bladder  ;  «///.//,  a  tumor].      A   hernia  of  the 

bladder  into  the  vagina,  with  prolapse  of  the  anterior 

vaginal  wall. 
Colpocystosyrinx       ( kol-po-sis-to-sir* -ingks)     [k61tzo(;  , 

vagina;   irfwrnc,  cyst;  ovpiy!;,   pipe].     Vesico-vaginal 

fistula, 
Colpocystotomia   [kol-po-sis-to-to,-me-ah).     See   Colpo- 

totomy. 
Colpocystotomy  (kol-po-sis-to/'  -o-me)   [ndXnog,  vagina  ; 

hi  orig,  bladder  ;  rnur/,  a  cut].      Surgical  incision  of  the 

bladder  through  the  vaginal  wall. 
Colpohyperplasia     ( kol-po-hi-per-plaf -ze-ah )     [k6Xko{, 

vagina;  vwkp,  over;  nAaaos  tv,  to  form] .      Hyperplasia 

of  the  vagina. 
Colpo-hysterectomy  (kol-po-his-ter-ek'  -to-me)  [k£Xito\  , 

vagina;  voripa,  womb ;  sKTOfif/,  excision].    Removal  of 

the  uterus  through  the  vagina. 
Colpo-hysterotomy     {kol-po-his-ter-of  -o-me)     [ndXirog, 

vagina;   i  erf  pa,  womb;  fofii],  section].     Surgical  in- 
cision of  the  vagina  anduteru-. 
Colpoleukorrhea  (kol-po-lu-kor-e'-ah)  [k&'Kicoc,  vagina; 

'/ tvK.6c,  white;  pktiv,  to  flow].      Vaginal  leucorrhea. 
Colpo-myomotomy    [kol-po-mi-o-mof '-o-nte)     [ko'akoc, 

vagina ;    fivg,   a    muscle ;    refivetv,  to   cut].      Vaginal 

myomotomy. 
Colpopathy    {kol-pop'-a-the)    [Ko'hnoc,    vagina ;     wdOoc, 

illness].     Any  disease  of  the  vagina. 
Colpoperineoplasty  {kol-po-per-in-et -o-plas-te)  [icdXirog, 

vagina;    irepiveov,  the  perineum  ;    -'/Jirsotiv,  to    form]. 

Plastic  operation    for  abnormality   of  the   vagina   and 

perineum. 
Colpoplastic  {kol-po-plas'-lik)   [k67*ttoc,  vagina;    -r/nn- 

aeiv,  to  form].      Relating  to  colpoplasty. 
Colpoplasty  [koV ' -po-plas-te)  [  vagina;  irXaooeiv, 

to  form].      Plastic  surgical  operation  upon  the  vagina. 
Colpoptosis  {kol-pop-to'-sis)    [i>o'/-i>e,   vagina;    KToatg, 

a  falling].    Prolapse  of  the  vagina. 
Colporrhagia      {kol-por-a' '-j'e-ah)      [ic6Xirog,      vagina; 

pi/)irv(u,  to  burst  forth].      Vaginal  hemorrhage. 
Colporrhaphy    [kol-por* '-a-fe)    [iM/rror,   vagina;    pi 

Mam].      Suture  of  the  vagina. 
Colporrhea    [kol-por-ef -ah)    [Kokiroc,    vagina;    poia,    a 

flow].     Vaginal  leucorrhea;  a  mucous  discharge  from 

the  vagina. 
Colporrhexis  \kol-por-ek' '-sis)   [k6/.~oc,  vagina  ;  p 

rupture].      Laceration  or  rupture  of  the  vagina. 
Colpostegnosis  {Jiol-po-sleg-no' -sis)   [sAXirog,    vagina; 

artyvaaic,  closure].     Same  as  Colpostenosis. 
Colpostenosis  [kol-po  [ndXirog,  vagina;  <-;-■ 

.  narrow].     Stenosis  or  constriction  of  the  vagina. 
Colpotomy    [kol-pot* -o-me)    [/,'/>-<»,   vagina;    "'""/,   a 

cutting].     Surgical  or  obstetric  incision  of  the  vagina. 
Colpoxerosis  [kol-po-ze-ro' '-sis)  [ic6?.irog,  vagina 

dry].      Morbid  dryness  of  the  vagina. 
Colt-ill  [kdlf  See  Stran 

Coltsfoot  [koltz'-fooi).      The    leaves  of   Tussilago  far- 

fara,  a  demulcent  and  tonic,  sometimes  prescribed  for 

chronic  cough.      1  lose  of  decoction,  3  j  to  <  >j,  a  tea- 

<  upful  ;   of  fld.  ext.   3J-ij.      I  110I 


COLl'MIMX 


313 


MA 


Columbin  (kol-umf-biri).  An  active  principle  of  Ca- 
lumba.  It  is  a  colorless  crystalline  substance  of 
excessively  bitter  taste  and  neutral  reaction, 

Columbo  [kol-umf -bo) .     See  Calumbo. 

Columella  {kol-u-rnel'  -ah)  [I..,  a  little  column],  i. 
The  column-like  rod  of  birds  and  reptiles,  a  part  of 
the  organ  of  hearing,  corresponding  to  the  stapes  of 
the  higher  animals.  2.  The  modiolus  or  central  axis 
of  the  cochlea  of  the  human  ear.  See  Cochlea  and 
Modiolus.  C.  res  dentes  ;  the  cuspid  teeth  an 
called  from  their  shape. 

Column  [koV-um)  [columna,  a  column].  A  pillar  or 
column.  Applied  to  sundry  column-like  organs  of  the 
body,  and  especially  to  certain  parts  of  the  spinal  cord. 
C,  Anterior,  the  layer  of  white  matter  in  either  half 


&&*& 


POS 
BOOT 


Columns  of  Spinal  Cord. 

A.  C.  Anterior  commissure.     P.  C.  Posterior  commissure.     I.g 
P.  cor.  Posterior  cornu.     c.  c.  p.  Caput  cornu  posterioris. 
A.-L.  A  T.   Antero-lateral  ascending  tract,  which  extend 
cord.    (Gowers.) 

of  the  spinal  cord  included  between  the  anterior  horn 
and  anterior  nerve-roots,  and  the  anterior  median  fis- 
sure. It  contains  the  anterior  or  direct  pyramidal 
tract,  a  portion  of  the  antero-lateral  ascending  tract, 
and  a  portion  of  the  anterior  ground-fibers.  C, 
Antero  -  lateral  Ascending.  See  C.  of  Gowers. 
C.  of  Burdach,  the  postero-external  column  of  the 
cord.  C.  of  Clarke,  a  column  of  gray  substance  oc- 
cupying the  region  to  the  outer  and  posterior  part  of 
the  central  canal  of  the  spinal  cord,  at  the  inner  part 
of  the  base  of  the  posterior  cornu.  It  is  most  marked 
in  the  dorsal  region,  and  contains  fusiform  cells,  some 
furnished  with  axis-cylinder  processes.  It  is  also  called 
the  posterior  vesicular  column  of  the  cord.  C,  Direct 
Cerebellar,  in  the  spinal  cord,  is  >ituated  outside  of  the 
lateral  pyramidal  tract,  and  ventrad  of  the  Spitzka- 
Lissauer  column.  It  is  sensory  or  afferent.  C,  Dor- 
so-mesal,  a  name  for  the  posteromedian  column  of 
the  spinal  cord  and  medulla  oblongata.  C.  of  Goll, 
the  postero-median  column  of  the  spinal  cord.  C, 
Gowers',  in  the  spinal  cord,  a  bunch  of  fibers  lying 
in  front  of  the  direct  cerebellar  tract  and  reaching 
around  upon  the  periphery  of  the  anterior  pyramidal 
tract.  It  is  probably  a  sensory  column  containing 
the  nerves  of  pain  and  temperature.  C,  Lateral, 
the  layer  of  white  matter  in  either  half  of  the  spinal 
cord  included  between  the  posterior  horn  and  posterior 
nerve-roots,  and  the  anterior  horn  and  anterior  nerve- 


roots.  It  contains  the  lateral  pyramidal  tract,  the  di- 
rect cerebellar  tract,  and  the  greater  part  of  the 
anterior  ground-libers  and  anten.  lateral  ascending 
tract.  C.  of  Morgagni,  vertical  folds  ol  the  re<  tal  mu 
cous membrane  seen  at  the  point  of  union  of  the  latter 
with  the  skin  of  the  anus.  They  diminish,  but  an  no< 
entirely  effaced,  when  the  bowel  is  distended.  Between 
their  lower  ends  little  arches  are  sometimes  found 
stretching  from  one  to  the  other,  forming  pockets  of 
skin  and  mucous  membrane.  These  are  the  sinuses  of 
Morgagni;  they  are  more  developed  in  old  people. 
C,  Posterior,  a  collection  of  white-matter  situated 
in  the  spinal  cord  on  either  side  between  the  posterior 
horns  and  posterior  nerve-roots,  and  the  posterior 
median  fissure.     It  is  divided  into  two  parts  by  the 

imperfect  intermediate 
septum,  a  narrow  "pos- 
teromedian column,"  and 
a  wide  "postero-external 
column.''  C,  Postero- 
external, the  outer  wider 
division  of  the  posterior 
column  of  the  cord  ;  the 
column  of  Burdach.  C, 
Posteromedian,  the  me- 
dian division  of  the  poste- 
rior column  of  the  cord  ; 
the  column  of  Goll.  C. 
of  Rolando,  an  eminence 
on  the  lateral  border  of 
the  medulla  oblongata.  C. 
of  Spitzka-Lissauer,  in 
the  spinal  cord  a  group  of 
nerve-fibers  lying  just  in 
front  and  just  behind  the 
posterior  horns  or  cornua. 
C,  Posterior  -  vesicu- 
lar. See  Column  of 
Clarke.  C.  of  Tiirck, 
the  anterior  or  direct 
pyramidal  tract.  Col- 
umns of  the  External 
Abdominal  Ring,  the 
free  borders  of  the  apon- 
eurosis of  the  external  oblique  muscle. 
Columna  (ivZ-^w'-wa//)  [L.].  A  column  or  pillar.  C. 
bertini,  that  part  of  the  cortical  structure  of  the  kid- 
neys that  separates  the  sides  of  any  two  pyramid-,  and 
through  which  the  arteries  and  nerves  enter,  and  the 
veins  and  lymphatics  emerge.  C.  nasi,  the  antero- 
posterior septum  between  the  nostrils.  C.  vertebralis, 
the  spinal  column.  Columnae  carneae,  muscular 
umns  projecting  from  the  inner  surface  of  the  cardiac 
ventricles. 
Colytic  {ko-lit'-ik)  \Kokvruc6c,  preventive].  Prevent- 
ive; inhibitory;  caused  by  an  obstruction  ;  antiseptic. 
Coma  [ko'-Diah)  [koui/,  the  hair  of  the  head].  In  bi 
ology,  any  tuft,  as  the  top  of  a  pineapple,  the  hair-  on 
the  end  of  a  seed,  etc. 
Coma  (ko'-maJt)  [nafta,  deep  sleep].  Abnormally  i 
and  prolonged  sleep,  with  the  cerebral  functions  in  abey- 
ance; it  is  due  to  many  conditions  affecting  the  cere- 
brum directly  or  indirectly.  The  well-marked  form  is 
characterized  by  stertorous  breathing,  relaxation  of  the 
sphincters,  lividity  of  the  face,  and  loss  of  paralleli.-m 
of  the  optic  axes.  C,  Alcohol,  that  due  to  pois 
ing  by  alcohol.  C,  Apoplectic,  that  due  to  apoplexy. 
C.  diaceticum,  a  form  of  coma  occurring  in  carcinoma 
of  the  stomach  and  in  diabetes.  It  is  due  to  the  pres- 
ence of  diacetic  acid  in  the  system.  It  is  also  called 
Diabetic  coma.  C.  Kussmaul's.  See  Kusstn 
C,  Uremic,  that  due  to  uremia.     C.  Vigil,  a  comatose 


s.  Intermediate  gray  substance. 
L.  L.  L.  Lateral  limiting  layer, 
s   along  the  periphery  of  the 


O  (MANIC  A(  ID 


:;il 


<  <  i.Mi'i. i:\is 


condition  in   which  the  patient   lies  with  op 
but  unconscious  and  delirious.     This  i-  occasionally 
met  with  in  typhoid  ami  typhus  fevers,  and  in  deli- 
rium t! 

Comanic  Acid  See 

Comatose  J.     In  a  con- 

dlti  :  il.i 

Combination  •  to  com 

bine].  or    uniting;    chemic 

union.     C.-back,  in  the  mi  .  the  lens  system 

tive  farl  »m  tin-  o  omposed 

.ln.l  a  l.i  concave  of 
and  two  bi  convex  glasses. 
C. -front,  in  the  mi  .  the  lens  system  nearest 

th 
Combustion  [  ombur  re,  to  burn  up], 

ilion,  attended  with  tin-  liberation 
beat  and  sometimes  of  light     It  i-  loosely  used  as  a 
f   inflammation.     C,  Spontaneous,  that 
do  from  chemic  chang  -.  such  a-  tin-  spon- 

•  >r  shoddy  in  woolen 
mi  etc.     C,  Spontaneous  Human,  the 

if   the  body   without  the  external 
■f  heat 
Comedo  a  glutton  :  //. ,  Comedones'] . 

.   Grub-worms;    lUack-heads.     A  chronic    dis- 
aceous  glands  characterized  by  yellow- 
ish ..r  whitish  pin-point  and  pin  head  sized  elevations, 
in    their    center   exposed  blackish  points. 
Th  und  usually  on  the  face,  back  of  the  neck, 

chest,  and  back,  and   are  often  associated   with  acne. 
is  a  rule  in  the  young.     Occasionally  a 
.   the  /'  folliculorum,  a  small  mite,  is 

found  in  each  comedo. 
Comenic  Acid  [ho-men/-ii).     See  Acid. 
Comes  [kof-tnH)  [L.://.,  Comiies\.     A  companion,  as 

■  r  nerve  to  an  artery. 
Comfrey    [kum'-fre)   [ME.,   cumfirie\     The   root   of 
tiphytum  officinale,  a  demulcent,  slightly  astringent 
i  tonic  drug.     It  is  a  common  ingredient  of  domes- 
tic cough-mixtun  -      1  lose  of  the  decoction  indefinite; 
of  the  fid.  ext   JJj-ij.     Unof. 
Comma-bacillus   [kom'-ah-bas-il'-us).     See  Bacteria, 

.'  ible  of. 
Commensal     [kom-en' -sal)     \com,    together;     mensa, 
•■].      In  biology,  the  harmonious  living  together  of 
two  animals  or  plants.      One  of  two  Mich  organisms. 
Commi  [i(6fifu,    a   gum].       Any    gum;     the 

pur|  un-resin  of  Exccecaria  cochinchinensis,  a 

In  lo-china. 
Comminution       ■  m-in-u'-shun)     \comminutio  ;    com- 
»!>■:  in  pieces].       The  process  by  which  a 

1   body  is  reduced   to  pieces  of  varying  sizes.      It 
udes    the    various    operations  of   cutting,  raspmg, 
.    slicing,    pulverizing,    levigating,    triturating, 
aulating,    etc.      See,   also,   Fracture, 

Commissure,    Commissura     {kom'-is-&r,    kom-is-uf- 

>    unite],      A    joining  or  uniting 

C,  Anterior  [of  third  ventricle) ,  a  rounded 

fibers   pla<  .-1   in   front  of  the  anti 

if  the  fornix.      It  perforates  the  corpus  Striatum 

ids  out    into  the  sub-,tance  of 

the  roof  of  the  descending  horns 

he  lat'  C..    Anterior  White 

I  iting  tin-  posterior 

I  of  the  aterior  median 
C,  Gray  •  ),  the    transi 

ng  the  crescentic  masses 

■    h    half  of  tli-    spinal    i  ord.      C. 

:orpus  mi.      C,   Middle,  a  band 

•tic  thalami.  and 


miiuous  with  tin-  gray  matter  lining  the  anterior 
part  of  the  third  ventricle.  C,  Optic,  the  union  and 
crossing  ol  tin-  two  optic  nerves  in  front  of  the  tuber 
cinereum.  C,  Posterior  {of  third ventricle),  a  flattened 
white  band  connecting  the  optic  thalami  posteriorly. 
C,  Posterior  White  [of  spinal  cm  ■■  | .  •  >  band  of  libers 
separating  the  gray  commissure  from  the  bottom  of 
tin-  posterior  median  fissure.  Commissura  brevis, 
a  portion  of  the  inferior  vermiform  process  of  the 
cerebellum,  situated  in  the  incisure  posterior.  C. 
simplex,  a  small  lobe  on  the  upper  surface  of  the 
cerebellum  near  the  incisure  posterior. 

Common  [komf-un)  [communis,  common].  Belonging 
or  pertaining  to  all.  Prostitute.  C.  Black.  See 
Pigmt  nts,  Conspectus  of. 

Commotio  [kom-o,-sh(-d)  [I-].  A  commotion  or 
shock.  C.  cerebri.  Synonym  of  Shock.  C.  retinae, 
the  name  given  to  those  cases  in  which  a  depreciation, 
or  perhaps  an  entire  loss  of  vision,  follows  a  blow 
on  or  near  the  eye.  It  can  be  explained  as  the 
result  of  insensibility  due  to  the  same  changes  in  the 
retina  as  occur  in  the  central  organ  of  patients 
suffering  from  concussion  of  the  brain. 

Communicans  { /--ow-  u'  -  u  i  k-a  n  s)\_L.~\.  Communicating. 
C.  noni.     See  Nerves,  Tabic  of. 

Communication  [kom-wnik-a' '-shun)  [communicare,  to 
communicate],  i.  The  transference  of  a  contagium 
from  one  person  to  another.  2.  The  channel  between 
two  or  more  parts.  C. -plate,  in  biology,  a  perforated 
diaphragm  between  the  zooids  of  a  composite  actin- 
ozoon  (the  "  Rosettenplatte  "  of  Reichert,  and  the 
Communication-pore  of  Smith)  by  means  of  which 
communication  is  maintained  between  all  the  cells  in  a 
colony  and  between  all  the  compartments  of  the  stolon 
in  I'olyzoa.      C.-pore.      See  C. -plate. 

Commutator  [kom' -u-ta-tor\  \_commutare ,  to  exchange]. 
An  instrument  for  automatically  interrupting  or  revers- 
ing the  flow  of  an  electric  current,  making  and  break- 
ing it  with  desired  frequency.      See  Electric. 

Comose  (ko'-mos)  [coma,  hair].      Having  much  hair. 

Compass  Plant    [hum' '-pas plant).      See  Rosin  Wed. 

Compatibility  [kom-pat-ib-U' '-it-e)  [compati,  to  suffer 
with].  The  property  of  being  compatible  ;  suscepti- 
bility (as  of  different  medicines)  of  being  exhibited  in 
the  same  solution  with  no  loss  of  the  desired  effect,  and 
without  change  in  constitution. 

Compensating  {kom'-pen-sa-ting)  \compensare,  to  com- 
pensate]. Making  amends  for.  C.  Ocular.  See  Oc- 
ular. C.  Operation,  in  ophthalmology,  tenotomy  of 
the  associated  antagonist  in  cases  of  diplopia  from 
paresis  of  one  of  the  ocular  muscles. 

Complaisance,  Operations  of  [kom-pla-zongs* ').  See 
E  led  ion . 

Complanate  [kom'-plan-at)  [complanatus,  to  make 
plane  or  level].      In  biology,  flattened. 

Complemental  (  hom-ple-menf-tal)  \complementum, 
that  which  completes  or  fills  up].  Supplying  a  defi 
ciency.  In  biology,  forming  a  complement  to  a 
female.  C.  Air.  See  Air.  C.  Male,  one  of  such 
supernumerary  males  as  those  cirripedia  [Ibid)  that 
lie  within  the  sac  of  the  female. 

Complementary  [hom-ple-men' '-ter-e)  \complementare, 
to  lill  up;  to  complete].  Complemental.  C.  Colors. 
See  Mid  Pigment, 

Completely  Born  [kom-plitf -le  born).  As  employed  in 
legal  medicine,  this  expression  implies  that  the  child 
must  be  in  the  world  in  all  its  parts,  i.  e. ,  completely 
external  to  the  mother.  It  does  not  imply  that  the  pla- 
centa  lias  been  separated  or  the  cord  divided. 

Complexus  [kom-plek ■■'  us)  \complexus,  complex].   The 
totality  of  symptoms,  phenomena,  or  signs  of  a  morbid 
mdition.     C.  Muscle.     See  Mu    ;,  ,   Tabl 


COMPLICATE  »N 


315 


(  ON<  HOS<  OPE 


Complication  [kom-plik-a' 'shun)  [complicare,  to  fold 
together].  A  disease  <>r  a  process  secondary  t<> 
and  more  or  less  dependent  upon  some  primarj 
disease. 

Compos  Mentis  (kom'-pos  men'-tis)  [L.].  Of  sound 
mind,  memory,  and  understanding.  Sec  Non  Com- 
pos Mentis. 

Composite  (kom-poz'-it)  [componere,  to  put  together]. 

1.  Composed  of  distinct  portions.  2.  In  biology,  be- 
longing to  the  order  Compositse.  C.  Monsters  ;  this 
is  a  term  used  to  designate  any  form  of  monstrosity 
showing  some  degree  of  duplicity  in  the  main  region.-, 
of  the  body. 

Composition  [kom-po-zish' '-uri)  \_compositio,  a  putting 
together] .  Compounding ;  applied  to  drugs.  The 
constitution  of  a  mixture.  C.  Powder,  a  popular 
name  (originally  Thomsonian)  tor  thepu/vis  myrica 
compositus,  N.  F.  At  present  it  is  a  mixture  of 
finely  powdered  bayberry  bark  {Myrica  cerifera), 
12  parts;  ginger,  6  parts;  capsicum  and  cloves, 
each  I  part.  It  is  useful  for  sore  throat  and  severe 
coryza.  Unof.  C.  Tea,  a  warm  drink  composed  of 
different  spices,  and  used  as  a  stomachic  and  to  abort 
an  attack  of  coryza. 

Compound  (kom' -pound,  or  kom-pound')  [ME.,  com- 
pounen,  to  mix  or  compound].      I.    To  mix,  as  drugs. 

2.  Composed  of  several  parts ;  in  chemistry,  a  com- 
pound body.  C.  Cathartic  Pills.  See  Colocyntk. 
C.  Cavities,  cavities  in  teeth  that  are  produced  by  the 
coalescence  of  two  cavities  or  by  the  extension  of  a 
single  cavity  in  such  a  manner  as  to  include  two  sur- 
faces of  a  tooth.  C.  Fracture.  See  Fracture.  C. 
Granule-Cell.  See  Corpuscle,  Gluge's.  C.  Oxy- 
gen, a  quack  cure-all  consisting  of  a  strong  solution 
of  potassium  nitrate  or  chlorate  through  which  the  air 
to  be  inhaled  is  passed. 

Compounding  (kom-pound' -ing)  [ME.,  compounen,  to 
mix].  The  mixing,  manipulation,  and  preparation  of 
the  drugs  ordered  in  a  prescription. 

Compress  [kotn'  -pres)  [compressus,  pressed  together]. 
Folded  cloths,  wet  or  dry,  applied  firmly  to  the  part 
for  relief  of  inflammation,  or  to  prevent  hemorrhage. 
C,  Fenestrated,  with  a  hole  for  drainage  or  inspec- 
tion. C,  Graduated,  the  strip  applied  directly  is 
small ;  the  others,  progressively  larger,  cover  it. 

Compressed  (kom-presd')  \compressus,  pressed  to- 
gether]. Firmly  pressed  together.  C.  Air,  air  the 
density  of  which  has  been  increased  by  forcible  com- 
pression.     C.  Air  Bath.     See  Bath. 

Compression  (kom-presh'-un)  [compressus,  pressed  to- 
gether]. The  state  of  being  compressed.  C. -atro- 
phy, atrophy  of  a  part  from  constant  compression. 
Instances  are  the  Chinese  foot,  liver-atrophy  of  tight 
lacing,  atrophy  of  tissues  from  pressure  by  an  aneurysm. 
C.  of  Brain.  See  Brain .  C. -myelitis,  myelitis  due 
to  compression.      See  Myelitis. 

Compressor  (kom-pres'-or)  \compritnere,  to  press  to- 
gether]. I.  An  instrument  for  compressing  an  artery, 
vein,  etc.  2.  It  is  also  applied  to  muscles  having  a  com- 
pressing function,  as  the  C.  naris,  C.  vena  dorsalis  penis  . 
etc.  See  Muscles,  Table  of.  3.  One  of  the  light  springs 
inserted  on  either  side  of  the  stage  of  a  microscope  for 
holding  the  slide  in  position  ;  a  clip.  C.  sacculi 
laryngis,  the  inferior  aryteno-epiglottideus  muscle. 
See  Muscles,  Table  of.  C.  urethrae,  constrictor 
urethnie.     See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Compressorium  [kom-pres-of  re-urn)  [compressor,  a 
compress].  An  instrument  devised  for  making  pressure 
on  the  cover-glass  of  a  microscope-slide  in  order  to 
favor  separation  of  the  elements  of  the  specimen  to  be 
examined. 

Comptonia    (komp-to'  -ne-ah)     [after    Henry   Complon, 


I      hop  of  London,  a  botanist].      A   genus  of  plants. 
C.  asplenifolia.      See  Liquidambar. 

Conarial  [ko-na'-n  al)  [nuvapiov,  the  pineal  gland]. 
Relating  to  the  conarium.     C.  Vein.     See  Vein. 

Conario-hypophyseal    [ko-na-re-o-hi-po-fis'  -e-al)   [/><./- 
hop, the  pineal  gland  ;   inroQiiotg,  an  undergrowth]. 
Relating  to  the  conarium  and  to  the  hypophysis  of  the 
1  erebrum  ;  pineo-pituitary. 

Conarium  {ko-na' '-re-um)  [nuvapiov;  dim.  of  Ktjvog,  a 
cone].     See  Pineal  Gland. 

Conation  \  ko-na' -shun)  [conari,  to  endeavor].  The  ex- 
ertive  power  of  the  mind,  including  will  and  desire; 
a  special  act  or  exercise  of  the  exertive  power. 

Concassation  (kon-kas-a'-shun)  \concassatio ;  con,  to- 
gether; cassare  or i/uassare,  to  shake,  to  beat].  I.  The 
shaking  of  medicines,  as  in  a  bottle  ;  the  pulverizing  of 
drugs  by  beating.      2.    Mental  distress  or  affliction. 

Concato's  Disease.  See  Diseases,  Table  of,  and 
Polyorrhymenitis. 

Concaulescence  { Icon -kawl-es' -ens)  [<<>//,  together; 
cauli .a  stalk].  In  biology,  the  partial  fusion  of  the 
pedicle  of  a  flower  with  the  stem  from  which  it 
springs. 

Concavo-concave  (kon-kah'-vo-kon'-kav).  See  Lens, 
Bict  weave. 

Concavo-convex  (kon-kah'  -70-lcon'  -velcs) .     See    / 
/'  ri    opic. 

Conceive  (kon-sev')  \_concipere ,  to  take  in].  To  become 
pregnant. 

Concentration  (kon-sen-tra'-skun)  [con,  together: 
trutn,  the  center].      Evaporation  of  part  of  the  water  of 
a  mixture,  thus  rendering  it  relatively  more  di  1 

Concentric  ikon-sen1 '-trik)  [re;?,  together;  centrum,  the 
center].  Arranged  in  an  equidistant  manner  about  a 
center.  C.  Hypertrophy  of  the  Heart,  increase  in 
the  muscular  texture  of  the  heart,  the  capacity  of  the 
cavities  remaining  unchanged. 

Conception  [kon-sepf -shun)  [concipere,  to  conceive]. 
I.  The  fecundation  of  the  ovum  by  the  spermatozoid. 
See  Pregnancy.  2.  The  abstract  mental  idea  of  any- 
thing ;  the  power  or  act  of  mentally  conceiving.  C, 
Imperative,  a  false  idea  that  an  insane  person  dwells 
upon,  and  which  he  cannot  expel  from  his  mind.  1 
when  he  knows  it  to  be  absurd,  and  which  dominates 
his  actions. 

Concha  (kongf-kah)  \_noyxa,  a  shell].  A  shell.  Applied 
to  organs  having  some  resemblance  to  a  shell,  as  the 
patella,  vulva,  etc.,  and  especially  to  C.  auris,  or  the 
hollow  part  of  the  external  ear.  C.  narium,  the  tur- 
binated bones.  C.  santoriniana,  a  name  applied  to 
a  fourth  turbinated  bone  sometimes  found  in  the  nose. 

Conchiolin  [kong-ki' -o-lin)  \k&]  \a,  a  shell  ;  lov,  a  vio- 
let], C30H48N96U.  The  skeletin  material  that  forms 
the  organic  bases  of  the  shells  of  gastropods.  C.  Os- 
teomyelitis.    See  Osteomyelitis. 

Conchitis  [kong-ki'-tis)  [ndyxa,  a  shell  ;  inc.  inflamma- 
tion].     Inflammation  of  the  concha. 

Concho-anthelix  | kong/-ko-ant/-he-liks)  \k6]  \a,&  shell; 
avBt '//;,  the  inner  curvature  of  the  ear].  The  muscle 
called  obliquus  auricula-.      See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Concho-helix  {kong'-ko-he'-liks)  \k&)  \a,  a  shell;  '>'//:, 
a  spiral].  The  muscle  called  transversus  auriculae. 
See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Conchology  [kong-koi' -o-jt)  [*>";  i«,  a  shell;  teyetv, 
to  speak].  That  department  of  science  that  deals 
with  the  shells  of  mollu- 

Conchometer  [kong-kom' -et-er)  [w;  \a.  a  shell  ;  ukrpov, 
a  measure].  An  instrument  for  the  measurement  of 
the  shells  of  molluscs. 
Conchoscope  [kon^f '-ko-skop)  \k6)  \a.  a  shell  ;  the  na- 
ris; OKOireiv,  to  inspect].  A  speculum  and  mirror 
for  inspecting  the  nasal  cavity. 


II' » 


316 


CONM'KANU)    HARK 


Concoctio       n  |  [L.].    Digestion.     C.  tarda. 

Concoction  to    boil    to- 

,  r]       i  two  substani  hei 

Concolor  gether;  lor]. 

In  biology,  having  the  same  coloi    on  both  sides  or 
over  the 
Concomitant  ni/ari,  to  a<  i  om- 

impanying.     C.  Strabismus.     Si 
C.   Symptoms,   symptoms   that   are   net    in 
tlu.-  tial  to  the  course  of  a  disease,  but  that 

or  in  association  with  the  essential  symptoms. 
Concrement  .to  grow 

r]        A  >n- 

Concresce  t,   together;    crescere,    to 

v  ].     In  bii  ■'.  ig) .  to  grow  together. 
Concrescescencc  [con,     together; 

grow].      In    biology,   the   union  of   the 
■  rtn  the  primitive  streak. 
Concrete  •  '"  .^"|NV 

therj.       -  or    condensed.       Concreted 

Sugar,  the  product  of  the  Fryer  concretor,  or  simi- 
lar form  of  apparatus.  It  is  a  compact,  boiled-down 
mass,  ning  both  the  crystallizable  sugar  and  im- 

parities that  ordinarily  go  into  the  molasses.    It  shows 
little  or  no  distinc  t  grain. 
Concretion  <tn     [    ncretio ;  concrescere,\.o 

•r].  The  solidification  or  condensation 
of  a  fluid  substance ;  a  calculus ;  a  union  of  parts 
normally  separate,  as  the  ringers.  C,  Animal,  an 
earthy  deposit  found  in  any  of  the  various  organs  or 
I  the  body.  These  concretions  have  a 
rib:  containing  salts  of  calcium,  phosphorus, 

or  magnesium. 
Concubitus    [kon-ku' '-bit-us)     \_concumbere,    to    lie  to- 
gether].     Copulation. 
Concursus  u      \concursere,  to  run  together] . 

A  synonym  of  Anastomosis. 
Concussion  V-uri)  [concussio,  a  violent  shock]. 

.    the  state  of  being  shaken  ;   a  severe  or  inju- 
rious  shaking  or  jarring  of  a  part;   also,  the  morbid 
•    resulting    from  such   a   jarring.      C.  of   Brain. 
tin      C.  of  Spinal  Cord.     A  condition  caused 
by  lock  of  the  spinal  column,  with  or  without 

appreciable  lesion  of  the  myelon. 
Concussor     [kon-ku^ -or)     [concutere,  to  shake].      In 
:n  ;--  ige,  an  apparatus  for  gently   beating   the  part  to 
treated. 
Condaminea  [ion-dam-in' -e-ah)  [after  Condamine,  the 

].       \  genus  of  Cinchona-yielding  trees. 
Condensability  ■  ■      '  it-i  )     \_condensare,    to 

apacity  for  undergoing  condensation. 
Condensation  i    a/shun)    \condensare,  to  con- 

-c]     In  chemistry,  the  union  of  two  or  more  m 
cules  by  the  linking  of  carbon-atoms  and  the  forma- 

iiains.      2.   The  patholog- 
ic hard  vith  or  without  contraction,  of  a   soft 

Condensed  [condensare,  to  make  thick]. 

:  to  a  denser  form.     C.  Milk, 

milk  that  has  had  mosl  of  its  watery  dements  eva 

rat  vn  process.     Condensed  milk 

1  with  the  addition  of  cane-sugar  is  a  white  or 

luct   of   about   die    consistency  of 

i     gi  ivity    from    I.25  to 

1  •    ly  soluble  in  from  four  to 

ilk  of  water,  without  separation  of  any 

flocculent  r-  .-  the  taste  of  fresh, 

!    milk    prepared    without 
not    boiled    down  to  the 
liquid.      Ilatter- 
!   both  classes:  — 


n  iNPKNSKD    MILK    WITH    ADDITION   OF   SUGAR. 


Brand. 

a 

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30-05 

10.08 

46.01 

12.04 

1.82 

Anglo-Swiss  (American),     .    . 

29.46 

8.11 

50.41 

10.22 

1.80 

Anglo-Swiss  (English),     .   .    . 

27.80 

8.24 

51-07 

10.80 

2.09 

Anglo-Swiss  (Swiss) 

25-51 

8.51 

53-27 

10.71 

2.00 

27.30 

6.60 

44-47 

10.77 

1.86 

29.44 

0.27    AQ.26 

10. 1 1 

1.92 

CONDENSED    MILK    WITHOUT   CANE-SUGAR. 


u 

a 

M 

Brand. 

3 
in 

= 

V 

M 

t> 

tfl 

in 

$ 

s 

a 

O 

Hi 

52-07 

15.06 

16.97 

14.26 

2.80 

56.71 

14-13 

1398 

13.18 

2.00 

Granulated  Milk  Company,    . 

55-43 

13.16 

14.84 

14.04 

2-53 

Eagle, 

56.01 

14.02 

14.06 

13.90 

2.01 

Condenser  (ion-den' 'ser)  [condensare,  to  make  dense]. 
A  lens  or  combination  of  lenses  used  in  microscopy 
for  gathering  and  concentrating  rays  of  light. 

Condiment  (ion'-dim-ent)  [condimentum,  spice]. 
Spice,  sauce,  or  other  appetizing  ingredients  used  with 
food. 

Condom,  or  Cundum  {ion'-dum,  or  iun'-duni)  [cor- 
ruption of  Conton,  the  name  of  the  inventor].  A 
sheath  worn  over  the  penis  during  copulation  for  the 
purpose  of  preventing  conception. 

Conduction    iion-dui' -shun)     \conductio ;    condu 
to  draw  together].     The  passage  or  transfer  of  force 
or  material    from  one  part  to  another.    C. -resistance, 
the  resistance  encountered   by  an  electric   current  in 
passing  through  a  circuit. 

Conductor  [ion-dukV -tor)  \conducere,  to  draw  together]. 
1.  A  body  that  transmits  force-vibrations,  such  as  those 
of  heat  or  electricity.  A  term  applied  to  the  elec- 
trodes and  cords  by  which  they  are  joined  to  the  bat- 
tery. 2.  An  instrument  serving  as  a  guide  for  the 
surgeon's  knife. 

Conduplicate  [ion-du' -plii-at)  [eonduplieare,  to  double 
together].  In  biology,  doubled  or  folded  together,  as 
leaves   or  wings. 

Condurango  Bark  [kon-du-rangt-go  /'ark)  [native  of 
S.  Am'er.].  Bark  of  Gonolobm  tetragonus,  or  of 
Conglobm  condurango;  a  remedy  much  used  in  S. 
Am  an   alterative  in   syphilis.      It  was  intro- 

duced into  the  U.  S.  as  a  remedy  for  carcinoma  of  the 


COMA'S  FLUID 


317 


l  ONICAL 


stomach,  but  yielded  uncertain  results.      Dose  of  the 
fluid  extract  3  ss-j  ;  of  the  tincture,  J5J-1J.      Unof. 
Condy's  Fluid.     One  part  of  sodium  or  potassium  per- 
manganate   dissolved  in  500  parts  of   water;   it  is  a 
useful  disinfectant. 
Condylar  [kon'-dil-ar)  [kov6v?j)c,  a  knuckle].      Pertain- 
ing to  the  condyles. 
Condylarthrosis     [kon-dil-ar-throf  si         [k6v6vXoq,    a 
knuckle;    apHpov,  a  joint].      A    form    of  diarthrosis, 
wherein   a  condyle  is   set  in    a    shallow    and    elliptic 
cavity,  and  free  and  varied  movement  of  the  joint  is 
possible  ;   condylar  articulation. 
Condyle  {kon'-dll)  [kAv6v/u»q,  a  knuckle].    Any  rounded 
eminence  such  as  occurs  in  the  joints  of  many  of  the 
bones,  especially  the  femur,  humerus,  and  lower  j a:,- . 
Condyloid  [kon  '-<///-<  </</ )    [k6v6v\oc,  a  knuckle;    eli 
likeness].     Resembling  or  pertaining  to  a  condyle. 
Condyloma    (kon-dil-o'  -mah)    [icovdi)Xci/m,  a  swelling: 
//. ,    Condylomata].       A    wart-like    growth    or    tumor 
about  the  anus  or  pudendum.       The   term  is  applied 
also  to  syphilitic  patches  and  discolorations. 
Condylomatous      [kon-dil-o1 '-mat-us)      [i«>v<Yc'/uiia,    a 

swelling].  Of  the  nature  of  a  condyloma. 
Condylotomy  (kon-dil-ot' -o-me)  [k6v6vXoq,  a  knuckle  ; 
rkfwziv,  to  cut].  F.xtra-articular  osteotomy  ;  a  division 
through  the  condyles  of  a  bone. 
Cone,  Conus  (ion,  kot-nus)  [kutvoq,  a  cone].  A  solid 
body  having  a  circle  for  its  base,  and  terminating  in  a 
point.  A*  patch  of  choroidal  atrophy  near  the  pa- 
pilla of  the  eye,  in  myopia.  C,  Graduated,  a  cone- 
shaped  body  used  lor  measuring  the  size  of  orifices  of 
vessels,  etc.,  especially  in  post-mortem  examinations. 
C.  Inhaler.  See  Anesthetic.  C.  of  Light,  the  tri- 
angular reflection  from  the  normal  membrana  tympani. 
C,  Retinal,  one  of  the  rod-like  bodies  of  elongated 
conical  form,  which,  with  the  associated  rods,  form 
one  of  the  outer  layers  of  the  retina,  the  so-called 
rod-and-cone  layer.  C,  Spermatic,  one  of  the  series 
of  cones  forming  the  head  of  the  epididymis,  and 
composed  of  the  coiled  efferent  tubules. 
Conenchyma  [kon-eng1 '-kim-ah)  [kuvoc,  a  cone  ;  eyju.ua, 
an  infusion].  In  biology,  a  term  applied  to  tissues 
formed  of  conical  cells,  as  the  velvety  surface  of  some 
petals. 
Confectio  (kon-fek'-she-o)  [L. :  gen. ,  Confectionis\ . 
Official  name  for  any  confection,  q.  v.  C.  damocratis. 
See  Mithridate. 
Confection  {kon-fek' -shun)  [confectio,  a  preparation]. 
In  pharmacy,  a  mass  of  sugar  and  water,  or  of  honey, 
used  as  an  excipient  with  a  prescribed  medicinal  sub- 
stance. There  are  two  official  (U.S.  P.)  confectiones ; 
in  the  B.  P.  there  are  eight. 
Confectioners'  Disease  \kon-fek'  -shun-erz  dis-ez').  A 
disease  frequently  occurring  in  the  workpeople  manu- 
facturing candied  fruits,  nuts,  etc.  It  is  confined  to 
the  nails  of  the  fingers  of  the  hands  ;  the  nail  loses  its 
polish,  and  becomes  black,  and  the  periungual  portion 
becomes  loosened  and  raised. 
Configuration  {kon-fig-u-rar  shun)  [configurare ,  to 
form  after  something].  In  chemistry,  a  term  now 
designating  what  was  formerly  called  the  "  constitu- 
tion" or  "  structure  "  of  the  molecules. 
Confinement    [kon-ftn1 '-ment)    [L. ,  confiner,  to   shut 

up].  The  condition  of  women  during  childbirth. 
Confirmatory  (kon-fir'-iwit-or-e)  [confirmare ,  to  con- 
firm]. Confirming.  C.  Incision,  an  abdominal 
section,  made  to  confirm  a  diagnosis,  as  in  case  of 
malignant  disease  of  the  ovary,  uterus,  peritoneum, 
etc. 
Confluent  (kon'-flu-ent)  [confluere,  to  flow  together]. 
In  descriptive  pathology,  a  term  applied  to  eruptions 
that    run    together.      The    opposite    of    discrete.      In 


anatomy,  coalesced  or  blended  ;  applied  to  two  or  more 
bone-  originally  separate,  but  subsequently  formed  into 
one. 

Conformator  [kon' -for-ma-tor)  [Fr.,  conformateur\. 
A  form  of  cephalograph  used  in  determining  the  out- 
lines of  the  skull  in  craniometry. 

Confrontation  [kon-frun-ta' 'shun)  [confrontari,  to  be 
contiguous  to].       lhe  bringing  of  one  person  into  the 
presence   of  another   from    whom   he  or  she  has  0 
traded  a  disease,  as  an  aid  in  diagno-i-. 

Confusion  [kon-fu* -zhun)  [confusio,  a  confounding]. 
Mixing;  confounding.  Kmbarrassment.  C.  Colors, 
a  set  of  colors  so  chosen  with  regard  to  their  degree 
of  brilliancy  that  they  cannot  be  distinguished  by  one 
who  is  color-blind  ;  a  good  test  for  color-blindness. 

Congelation  [kon-jel-a' 'shun)  [congelatio,  a  freezing]. 
1.  Freezing;  frost-bite;  intense  cold  or  its  effect  on 
the  animal  economy,  or.  any  organ  or  part.  2.  The 
chilling  or  benumbing  effect  of  any  freezing-mixture 
or  application;  mainly  employed  for  its  local  anes- 
thetic effect.      3.   Coagulation. 

Congener  [kon' -jen-er)  [L. ,  of  the  same  race].  In 
biology,  belonging  to  the  same  genus  ;   closely  allied. 

Congenital  (kon-Jen'-it-al)  [con,  together;  genilus, 
born].      Existing  at  birth. 

Congestion  ikon-jes' '-chun)  [congerere,  to  heap  up]. 
An  abnormal  collection  of  blood  in  a  part  or  organ. 
Congestion  may  be  active  or  passive,  atonic  or  inflam- 
matory, functional  or  hypostatic.  It  is  also  named 
from  the  parts  affected;  the  most  important  vari< 
of  morbid  congestion  are  the  cerebral,  spinal,  pul- 
monary, hepatic,  and  renal. 

Congestive  (kon-Jes' '-tiv)  [congerere,  to  heap  up]. 
Marked  by,  due  to,  or  of  the  nature  of  congestion. 

Congius  (kon'-je-us)  [L.].  A  Roman  measure.  A 
gallon. 

Conglobate  (kon-glo' -bat )  [con,  together;  globare,  to 
make  into  a  globe].  Rounded.  C.  Glands,  the 
absorbent  or  lymphatic  glands.     See  Gland. 

Conglomerate  (kon-glom'  -er-at )  [conglomerare,  to  heap 
up].  1.  Massed  together;  aggregated.  2.  A  mass 
of  units  without  order.      C.  Glands,  acinous  gland-. 

Conglutin  [kon-glu' -tin)  [con,  together;  gluten,  glue]. 
One  of  the  proteids  found  in  peas,  beans,  and  other 
kinds  of  pulse.  Vines  considers  it  an  artificial  pro- 
duct. It  is  more  glutinous  and  more  soluble  in  acetic 
acid,  and  richer  in  nitrogen,  than  ordinary  legumin. 
See   Casein. 

Conglutination  (kon-glu-tin-a'  -shun)  [conglutinare,  to 
glue  together].  The  abnormal  union  of  two  contig- 
uous surfaces  or  bodies,  as  of  two  fingers,  or  of  the 
opposed  surfaces  of  the  pleural  or  pericardial  sac. 

Congo  (kon' -go)  [native  African].  A  country  of 
western  Africa.  C.  Fever.  See  Fever.  C.  Paper, 
a  test-paper  stained  with  Congo-red.  C. -paper 
Test.  See  Tests,  Table  of.  C.-red,  a  red  coloring 
matter  which  becomes  blue  in  the  presence  of  free 
HC1.  It  is  used  in  chemic  investigation  of  the 
gastric  juice.  See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  C.  Solu- 
tion.    See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Congress  (kong/-gres)  [congressut,  a  meeting  together]. 
An  assemblage  for  deliberative  purpose.  C,  Sexual, 
coition,  or  carnal  intercourse. 

Congressus  (kong-gres' -us)  [L.].  Congress,  sexual 
intercourse.      C.  interruptus.     See  Coitus  reservatus. 

Conhydrin  {kon-hi' -drin)  [icaveiov,  hemlock;  vdup, 
water],  C8H17NO.  A  solid  alkaloid  of  conium,  an 
oxyconin,  occurring  in  pearly,  iridescent,  white,  folia- 
ceous  crystals,  with  a  faint,  conin-like  odor,  and 
melting  at  1210  ('.  and  distilling  at  2260. 

Conical  [kon'-ik-al)  [kuwik6q,  pertaining  to  a  cone]. 
Cone-shaped.      C.  Cornea.     See  Kerato-globus. 


I  l  ■nidi.  fPHORE 


318 


CONSCIOUSNESS 


ConiJiophore  .   <ln-t  ;    •         v,  to 

.r]       In:        gy,  applied  to  the  hypha  that  produces 

Conidium  .  dim.  -uthx  : 

pi.  i  Id  biology, the  deciduous  asexual  -pnir-.il 

certain  fungi.      S 
Conidosi  xria. 

Coniferin 

H  .  |  .  ■       \    rystalline  glucosid  found  in  the 

cambium   i  I  ■    and    consisting    <>i 

i  the  air  and  melts  at 
i  J5 
Conn  a  tin. 

Con:::  j.  '  ,  1 1 ,   X.      A    vol- 

.  cur-  in  hemlock  (<  onium  m, 
and  is  obtained  by  exti 
tii.n  wil  I  or  distillation  with  soda.      It  i-  a 

ly  liquid,  having  the  odor  of  hemlock  and 
i  ific  gravity  is  0.886  at  o°. 

Conium  .    hemlock]'      Hemlock. 

Th  vn  fruit  of  the  spotted  hemlock,  ( '. 

ntains  three  alkaloid.- and  a  volatile 
.in'    mainly  due  to  the  alkaloids 
..:      J,  and    nuthylconiin,  C8HMNCHS.     It 
-.  without  loss  of  sensation  or 
of  i  c  doses  cause  death  by  paraly- 

-  ol  respiration.      It  is  valuable  in  acute 
ma  rium  tremens,  tetanus,  blepharospasm,  asth- 

ma, and  whi  ough.      C  Abstract.,  made  from 

mm  200,  dilute  hydrochloric  acid  <>,  sugar  of  milk 
.to  make  io  )  parts  of  abstract.      Unof. 
1'  -iij.    C,  cataplasma   (  B.  I'. ),  made  from 

Vox  external  use.  C,  Ext.,  Alcoholic, 
each  grain  representing  one  grain  of  the  drug.  Dose  gr. 
ij— v-xl.     C,  Fid.  Ext.,  san  .  th  as  preceding. 

se  mjj— v— xl.     C,  pilula  Comp.  ill.  P.),  contain 
extract  of  hemlock  and  ipecac.      Dose  gr.    v-x.       C, 
succus     I'..  P.  i,  made  from  the  leaves.      Dose  ITi^xxx— 
Jij.      C,  Tinct.,  15  per  cent,  strength.     Dose  n\x- 
g         C.   Vapor      II.   P.),    for    inhalations.      Coniin, 
f..  volatile  alkaloid   of  conium.      Dose  gr.  g^-,1,,- 
Coniin    Hydrobrom.,    1    ll,(    H:i.    unof.,    recom- 
ismodic    affections.      Dose   gr.    X— Jg. 
All    preparation-    uncertain     in    strength.       Coniin. 
Hydrobrom.,  Injectio  Hypoderm.      Dose  rr^j — iij . 
Conjuga!  <*galis,&  husband  or  wife]. 

to    marriage;    connubial.      C.  Diabetes, 
cting  husband  and  wife  together;  this  is 
1  to  be  not  infrequently  observed. 
Conjugate     [kon> '-ju-gOt)    [con,    together;    jugare,    to 
iked   or   coupled.      C.    Deviation. 
n.      C.    Diagonal,    Internal,    an     internal 
it   of  the   pelvis   from   the   middle    of   the 
sub-pubic  ligament  to  the   sacro  vertebral  angle.     It 
'-  I  C.  Diameter  (of  the  pelvis),  the  antero- 

'  -.pubic.  xmeter.    C.  Diameter 

.  external.     See  Baudelocque,  Diam  ter 
C.  Focus.  7  .     C.-symphyseal  Angle, 

that   the  conjugate  diameter  of  the  pelvis 
pubic  bone  at  the    symphysis.     C, 
True,  '  mm  useful  diameter  of  the  pelvic  inlet. 

■  ugation  ;,  .,  iUll  _  j,,IM,.,|    ,,, 

:  ill  reproduc- 

imilar  in  size  and  appearance, 

'    ■     exua  ter  of  con- 

I  out  by  Vaucher,  in  1 

Conjunctiva  ,  ..„....■,.  u     connect- 

ring  the  anterior 
ted  on  and 
ol  the  lids.      It-  parts  are 

r    .  U 


Conjunctival  {kon-junW '-tiv-al,  or  kon-junk-tif -val} 
\conjunctivus,  connecting].  Relating  to  the  con- 
junctn  a. 

Conjunctivitis  [kon-junk-tiv-i'-hs)  \conjunetivus,  con- 
necting;  trig,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the 
conjunctiva.  It  may  be  catarrhal,  croupous,  diphtheric 
membranous),  gonorrheal,  phlyctenular,  puru- 
lent, etc.,  in  character  or  origin.  C,  Atropin,  a 
peculiar  idiosyncratic  catarrh  of  the  conjunctiva  pro 
duced  by  prolonged  use  of  atropin  as  a  mydriatii  . 
and  characterized  by  the  formation  of  numerous  folli- 
cles. C.  crouposa,  a  form  associated  with  the  form- 
ation of  a  whitish-gray  membrane  that  i*.  easily  re- 
moved.  C.  diphtheritica,  a  specific  purulent  inflam- 
mation of  the  conjunctiva  spreading  by  infection, 
yielding  a  contagious  secretion,  and  leading  to  necro- 
sis  of  the  infiltrated  tissue.  C.  eczematosa.  See 
C.  lymphatica.  C,  Egyptian.  See  Trachoma,  C. 
exanthematica.  See  C.  lymphatica.  C.  follicularis, 
a  form  characterized  by  the  presence  of  foiiicles. 
C,  Granular.  See  Trachoma.  C.  lymphatica, 
that  incurring  in  scrofulous  individuals.  It  i-  accom- 
panied by  the  formation  of  ulcers.  C.  membranacea. 
See  C.  1  rouposa  and  Ophthalmia.  C.  phlyctenulosa. 
See  C.  lymphatica.  C.  pustulosa.  See  C.  lymphatica. 
C.  scrofulosa.     See  C.  lymphatica. 

Connate  [kon'-Ht).     See  Confluent  and  Congenital. 

Connection  (kon-ck'-shun)  \connectere,  to  connect]. 
Sexual  intercourse. 

Connective  [kon-ek' '-tiv\  \connectere,  to  connect].  I. 
Connecting;  binding.  2.  In  botany,  the  portion  of 
the  filament  that  connects  the  two  cells  of  an  anther. 
C.  Tissue.    See  Animal  Tissue. 

Connivent  [kon-i'-vent}  \connivere,  to  wink  at].  In 
botany  converging  toward  each  other;  applied  to 
stamens  that  converge  above,  as  those  of  the  violet. 

Conocephalic,  or  Conocephalous  {ko-no-sef-al'-ik, 
ko-no-sef -al-us)  [/cdwoc,  cone;  Ktoa'/i/,  head].  Having 
the  skull  somewhat  conoidal. 

Conoid,  or  Conoidal  [ko'-noid,  or  ko-noi'-da!)  [/,.  ■ 
cone;  euhr,  shape].  Of  a  conical  or  approximately 
conical  shape.  C.  Ligament,  the  lower  and  inner 
part  of  the  coraco-clavicular  ligament.  C.  Tubercle, 
the  eminence  on  the  inferior  surface  of  the  clavicle  to 
which  the  C.  ligament  is  attached. 

Conquassant  [kon-kwas/-ant\  [conquassare,  to  shake 
severely].  Very  severe  (applied  chiefly  to  labor-pains 
at  the  acme  of  their  intensity). 

Conquassation  [kon-kwas-af-shun).    See  Concassation. 

Conquinamin  {kon-kwin'-atn-iri).  An  alkaloid  of 
<  'uprea  bails. 

Conrad's  Water.  An  eye-wash  composed  of  three 
parts  of  mercuric  chlorid,  100  of  distilled  water,  and 
five  to  ten  of  tinctura  opii  crocata. 

Conroy's  Test.     See  Tests,   Table  of. 

Consanescent  (kon-san-es1 '-ent\  [consanescere,  to  be- 
come sound].  Healing,  becoming  healed  (applied 
mostly  to  wound-i. 

Consanguine    [kon-san' '-gwin\   [consanqvineus,  of  the 
tie  blood].      Allied  by  birth  or    de-cent;   akin    by 
bl.  lod-relationship. 

Consanguineous  |/v«    an   rwinf-e-us)  \consangutt 
of  the  -an I.-  blood  ] .       Related  by  a  common  parentage. 

Consanguinity     Ikon  \an-gwin1 '-it-e)     [con,    together; 
uini  .  ol   blood].        The  relationship  arising  from 
mmi  hi  pan  ntage  ;   blood  relationship. 

Consciousness  [kon' '-shus-nes)  [conscitts,  knowing]. 
I  he  State  of  being  aware  of  one's  own  existence,  of 
one's  own  menial  stale-,  and  of  the  impressions  made 
upon  one's  senses  ;  ability  to  take  cognizance  of  sensa- 
tion- :  applied  to  ab  extra  impressions.  C,  Double, 
thai  morbid  condition  in  which  there  are  two  separate 


consenescence 


319 


CONTAGIOl  - 


and  alternating  states  of  mental  consciousness,  in 
either  one  of  which  the  events  that  have  occurred  in 
the  other  state  are  not  remembered  by  the  patient. 

Consenescence  [kon-sen-esf  ens)  I  oust  «<  teen  ,  to  grow 
old].       The  state  or  condition  of  growing  old. 

Consensual  [kon-sen' '-su-al)  [consensus,  agreement]. 
Reflex  and  involving  sensation,  but  not  volition ;  as  a 
consensual  act  or  movement. 

Consent  [kon-senP)  \consentire,  to  agree].  In  forensic 
medicine,  this  term  signifies  willing  participation  in 
unnatural  or  illegal  intercourse.  In  pathology,  a  sym- 
pathetic affection  of  a  part  distant  from  a  diseased 
part. 

Consentience  {kon-sen' '-she-ens)  [consenlire,  to  agree]. 
Undeveloped  or  unintellectual  consciousness  ;  the  sum 
or  result  of  the  impressions  made  by  sensations  upon 
the  psychic  center  of  the  organism. 

Conserva,  or  Conserve  {kon-scr'--ah,  or  con-serv') 
[conservare,  to  keep].     A  confection,  q.  v. 

Conservancy  \kon-ser,-van-se)  \conservare,  to  keep]. 
Public  conservation  of  health  or  of  things  that  make 
for  health  ;  the  sum  of  hygienic  or  preservative  legis- 
lation.    C.  System.     See  Sewage,  Disposal  of. 

Conservative  (kon-ser' '-vat-iv)  [conservare,  to  keep]. 
Aiming  at  the  preservation  and  restoration  of  injured 
parts  ;   as  conservative  surgery  or  dentistry. 

Conservator  (kon' ' -ser-va-tor)  [conservare,  to  preserve]. 
A  person  appointed  to  look  after  the  business  interests 
and  general  welfare  of  an  insane  person  or  idiot. 

Consolidant,  Consolidating  (kon-sol' -id-ant,  or  kon- 
soP -id-a-ting)  \consolidare ,  to  make  firm].  Tending 
to  heal  or  promoting  the  healing  of  wounds  or  frac- 
tures ;   favoring  cicatrization. 

Consolidation  (kon-sol-id-a'  -shun)  [consolidare,  to 
make  firm].  The  process  of  becoming  firm  or  solid, 
as  a  lung  in  pneumonia. 

Consonants  (kon'-so-nants)  \con,  together ;  sotia re,  to 
sound].  Non- vowel  sounds  in  speaking  produced  at 
certain  parts  of  the  resonance-chamber.  They  are 
sounded  only  with  a  vowel.  They  consist  of  Explo- 
sives, Aspirates,  Vibratives,  and  Resonants  ;  they  are 
also  divided  into  four  classes,  according  to  the  situation 
in  which  they  are  produced — the  Articulation  Posi- 
tions,— the  first  being  between  the  lips;  the  second 
between  the  tongue  and  hard  palate ;  the  third  be- 
tween the  tongue  and  soft  palate  ;  the  fourth  between 
the  vocal  bands.  Labials,  made  at  the  lips,  may 
be  explosive  (/>,/),  aspirate  (/,  v,  w),  vibrative  (the 
"  burr  "),  and  resonant  (w).  These  form  the  conso- 
nants of  the  first  articulation  position.  Those  of  the 
second  position  are  the  explosives  /and  d\  the  aspi- 
rates s,  z,  sch,  th  ;  the  vibrative  r;  the  resonant  n. 
Those  of  the  third  position  are  the  explosives  k  and 
g ;  the  aspirates  are  the  unvoiced  consonants,  unvoiced 
ch  and/;  the  vibrative,  palatal  r;  the  resonant,  pala- 
tal ;/.  That  of  the  fourth  position  is  the  aspirate,  the 
glottis-formed  k. 

Constant  (kon' -slant)  \constans,  steady].  Fixed;  not 
changing.  C.  Battery,  Element,  or  Cell.  One 
yielding  a  constant  current.  A  galvanic  battery,  of 
which  the  most  common  types  are  those  of  Bunsen, 
Callaud,  Daniell,Grenet, Grove,  Leclanche,  and  Smee. 

Consternatio  {kon-ster-na' -she-d)  [!>•]•  See  Night- 
Terrors. 

Constipation  {kon-stip-al -shun)  [constipare,  to  crush 
tightly  together].  Costiveness  ;  retention  and  hard- 
ness of  the  feces  from  functional  inactivity  of  the  intes 
tinal  canal,  or  from  abnormalism  of  the  biliary  or 
other  secretions.  It  may  also  be  due  to  mechanical 
obstruction  of  the  intestinal  canal,  paresis  of  the  intes- 
tinal walls,  the  use  of  certain  foods,  and  general  de- 
pression of  vital  activity. 


Constituent  {kon-stif '-u-ent)  \constituere,  to  establish], 
A  formative  element  or  ingredient.  The  Constitu- 
ents of  the  Organism  are  organic  and  inorganic. 
The  Inorganic  C.  are  Water,  forming  58.5  per 
cent,  of  the  body  ;  Gases,  such  as  oxyg<  a,  marsh  ura>, 
etc.  ;  Salts,  of  which  the  chief  aVe  sodium  chlorid, 
calcium  phosphate  'forming  more  than  one  half  of  the 
bonc^),  sodium  phosphate,  sodium  carbonate,  sodium 
and  potassium  sulphates,  potassium  chlorid,  calcium 
fluorid  and  carbonate;  Free  Acids,  as  hydrochloric, 
sulphuric,  etc.  ;  Bases,  such  as  silicon,  mangan 
iron.  The  Organic  C.  comprise  the  large  classi  oi 
the  proteids,  albuminoids,  fats,  etc. 

Constitution     [kon-  tit-it' -shun)     [constituere,    to   dis- 
pose].     In    chemistry,  the   atomic  or  molecular   com 
position  of  a  body.      In  pharmacy,  the  composition  of 
a  substance.      In  physiology,  the  general  temperament 
and  functional  condition  of  the  body. 

Constitutional  [kon-stit-u' -skun-al)  [constituere,  to 
dispose].  Pertaining  to  the  state  of  the  constitution. 
C.  Diseases,  in  pathology,  such  diseases  as  are  inhe- 
rent, owing  to  an  abnormal  structure  of  the  body. 
Also,  inherited  diseases.  Also,  a  condition  in  which 
the  disease  pervades  the  whole  system.  General,  in 
contradistinction  to  local. 

Constrictor  {kon-strik/-tor\  [constringere,  to  bind  to- 
gether]. Any  muscle  that  contracts  or  tightens  any 
part  of  the  body.      See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Constringent  (kon-strinr -jent)  [constringere,  to  con- 
strict].    Same  as  Astringent,  </.  v.. 

Consultation  [kon-sul-laf-skun)  \_consnltare ,  to  take 
counsel].  A  deliberation  between  two  or  more  phy- 
sicians concerning  the  diagnosis  of  the  di.-ease  of  a 
patient  and  the  proper  method  of  treatment. 

Consumption  [kon-sump1 '-shun)  [consumere,  to  con- 
sume or  wear  away].  Wasting,  denutrition,  or  atrophy, 
loosely  used  as  a  synonym  of  Tuberculosis,  especially 
pulmonary  tuberculosis.  Phthisis,  q.  v.  C.  of  the 
Bowels.     See  Diarrhea,  Chronic  Inflammatory. 

Consumptive  [kon-sumpf-tiv)  [consumere,  to  consume 
or  wear  away].  I.  Of  the  nature  of  tuberculosis. 
2.   One  afflicted  with  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

Contact  [kon'-takt)  [contactus,  a  touching].  A  touch- 
ing. C.  Lenses,  in  optics,  a  glass  shell  the  con- 
cavity of  which  is  in  contact  with  the  globe  of  the 
eye,  a  layer  of  liquid  being  interposed  between  the 
lens  and  the  cornea.  C.  Series,  a  series  of  metals 
arranged  in  such  an  order  that  each  becomes  positively 
electrified  by  contact  with  the  one  that  follow-  it. 
The  contact-values  of  some  metals,  according  to  Ary 
ton  and  Perry,  are  as  follows:  — 

DIFFERENCE   OF    POTENTIAL    IN"    VOLTS 

Zinc,  Lead 210        Iron,  Copper 146 

Lead,  Tin      ....    0.69  Copper,  Platinum    .    .238 

Tin,  Iron 3.15  Platinum,  Carbon    .    .113 

C.  Test,  Heller's  test.      See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Contactile,  or  Contactual  (kon-takr -til,  or  kon-lak'- 
tn-al)  [contactus,  contact].  I.  Tactile.  2.  Due  to 
or  spreading  by  actual  contact. 

Contagion  (kon-ta' '-jun)  [contagio  ;  contingere,  to 
touch].  The  process  by  which  a  specific  disease  is 
communicated  between  persons,  either  by  direct  con- 
tact or  by  means  of  an  intermediate  agent.  (See,  al.-o. 
Infection.)  Also  the  specific  germ  of  virus  from 
which  a  communicable  disease  develops.  C,  Mental. 
See  Imitation. 

Contagionist  (kon-taf-jun-ist)  [contagio;  contingere,  to 
touch].  One  who  believes  in  the  contagious  <  rigin 
or  transmission  of  any  given  disease. 

Contagious  (kon-ta' -jus)  [contagium,  a  touching]. 
Communicable  or  transmissible  by  contagion,  or 
by  a   specific    contagium.       Infections — applied    to    a 


I  AGIl  M 


CONTROL 


dis  gendered    by   .1  ncy,    which, 

once  present,  may  multiply  and  renew  itself  in- 
definitely, and  which  always  rise  to  the  same 
dis  ...                                       plied  to  an  infectious  dis- 

luse  i\i-t>  only  in  certain 
malaria,  pneumonia,  acute  rheumatism. 

I    which   the 
msmitted  from  person  to  person,  through 
1,,,  variola, 

tina,  diphthi 

in  infectious  disease  ol  «  hich 

ih<  arried    by    persons,    or   their 

emanal  md  in  the  soil,  water  or 

which  it  multiplies  and  thence  generates 

teric  fever,  yellow  lever. 

C.  Typhus.     Synonym  ■ 

Contagium  ['■•]•   Any  virus  or  mor- 

which  a  communicable  dis- 

imitted  from  the  sick  to  the  well.     C.  ani- 

matum.  same  C.    vivum    ("living 

ly  living  vegetable  >>r  animal  organism 

th.it  cam  I  of  an  infectious  disease. 

Contest  to  call  to  witness].   To 

C.   Theory,   the  doctrine  of 

Contiguity  u'-it-e)   [contiguitas,  a   touching]. 

Proximity.     C,  Amputation  in  the,  is  performed  at 
:it.  without  section  "I  a  bone. 
Continued  tare,  to  make  con tinu- 

s]       Persisted  in.     C.  Fever,  a  fever  that  is  neither 
intermittent  nor  typically  remittent.     See  Fever. 
Continuity        n  tin-it' -it  <\  [continuitas,  uninterrupted- 
is].      In    anatomy,  the    portion   lying  between  two 
ft  of  a  hone.     C,  Solution  of.     See 
S  'utt   >:.      C   Amputation    in    the,   amputation   in 
which  a  bone  is  divided. 
Continuous  (A  n-tin'  -u-us)  [continuus,  joined  ;  uninter- 
rupted].     Unbroken.      C.-gum  Work,  a  method  of 
;  |  ing  artificial  d  mures. 
Contortion  hun)   [contorquere,  to  twist].      A 

twi-ting  or  writhing,  as  of  the  body. 
Contour  r*\  [Ft., contour,  circuit].     I.  The  line 

that   bounds,  di  I    terminates  a  figure.     2.    In 

lentistry,  to  effect  the  restoration  of  lost  parts 
of  teeth    by  building   them  up   with    gold,  etc.     C- 
feather-hair,  one  of  those  outer  and   longer  hairs  or 
to  determine  the  contour  of  a  bird  or 
mammal,  a-  distinguished  from  a  soft  down-feather  or 
the   under-fur.     C. -fillings,   in   dentistry 
fillings   in   which   the  material    is  so  built   out   as    to 
•    portion   of   the  crown  of   the  tooth; 
I  from  plane  or  flu-di-fillings. 
Contracted  Heels.     See  Hoofbound, 
Contractility  alt-til' -it-e)    [contrahere,  to    draw 

r].     That  property  of  certain  tissues,  especially 
shortening  upon  the  appli 

Contraction  '    huh)  [contrahere,  to  drav 

the  elements  of  a  tissueor 

:hu>  diminishing  its  volun  intents.     C, 

Carpo-pedal,  a  of  tetany  occurring  in  infant-, 

■  ith  dentition  01  seat  w.,rms. 

ing   of  tl  rs,  >ws,  and 

i  onvulsions.     C, 

Closing  reduced    at    the 

C,  Front- 
tap.  ■  often  i 
in  It  is  a  delicate 
n  tl  irritability.       I  he  fool   i 

i  the  musi  h  s  ol  the  I 
:  nsion  of  the 

n  of  the  R 


flexes.  Table  of .  C. -furrows,  a  number  of  concentric 
curved  lines  near  the  ciliary  margin  ol  the  iris.  I  lay 
are  produced  in  the  living  w\>  by  a  folding  of  the  iris 
upon  itself  during  dilatation  of  the  pupil.  C,  Hour- 
Glass.  See  Uterus.  C„  Opening,  the  muscular 
contraction  produced  by  opening  or  breaking  the  cir- 
cuit. C,  Paradoxic,  Westphal's  term  for  a  phe- 
nomenon that  consists  in  the  contraction  of  a  muscle, 
caused  by  the  passive  approximation  of  its  extremities. 
C. -remainder,  the  stage  of  elastic  after-vibration  or 
i>  idual  contraction  persisting  in  a  muscle  after  with 
drawal  of  the  stimulus.  C.-ring,  the  boundary  line 
between  the  upper  and  lower  uterine  segments,  often 
marked  by  a  perceptible  ridge.  That  portion  of  the  uter- 
ine canal  that  must  be  dilated  to  allow  the  escape  of  the 
fetus  is  i  ailed  the  lower  uterine  segment ;  that  portion 
above  the  point  at  which  the  dilatation  ceases,  /.  e.,  the 
contracting  portion  of  the  muscle,  is  called  the  upper 
uterine  segment. 

Contractions.  See  Contracture  and  also  Abbreviations > 
in  Introductory  Tables. 

Contracture  {kon-trak'-ckur)  [contractus,  a  drawing  to- 
gether]. Contraction;  permanent  shortening,  as  of  a 
muscle  ;  distortion  or  deformity  due  to  the  shortening 
of  a  muscle  or  of  various  muscles.  In  electro -thi 
peutics,  muscular  spasms,  clonic  or  tonic,  the  variety 
determined  in  regard  to  time,  by  the  method  of  appli 
cation  of  the  current. 

Contra-extensio  (kon-trah-ek-stenf-se-o)\L,.~\.  Counter- 
extension. 

Contra-fissura  (Icon'  -trah-fis-su'  -rah)  [contra,  opposite 
to;  fissura,a.  fissure].  Cranial  fissure  or  fracture  pro- 
duced by  a  blow  upon  the  skull  at  a  point  distant  from 
or  opposite  to  the  seat  of  the  fracture. 

Contra-indicant  [kon-trah-inf -dik  ant  I  [contra,  op- 
posed to  ;  indicare,  to  indicate],  i.  I  laving  the  effect 
of  a  contra  indication.  2.  A  symptom,  indication.  or 
condition  that  forbids  the  use  of  a  particular  remedial 
measure  or  set  of  measures. 

Contra- indication  {kon-trah-in-dik-a'-shuri)  [contra, 
against ;  indicare,  to  point  out].  That  pathologic  or 
modifying  condition  in  which  a  remedy  or  a  method 
of  treatment  is  forbidden  that  under  ordinary  cases 
might  lie  proper. 

Contra-stimulant  [kon-trah-stim' '-u-lant)  [contra. 
against;  stimulare,  to  stimulate].  I.  Counteracting  the 
effect  of  a  stimulus;  depressing;  sedative.  2.  A 
sedative  remedy. 

Contra-stimulism  (kon-trah-stim'  -u-lizm)  [contra. 
against  ;  ti  inula  re,  to  stimulate].  The  doctrine  of 
controstrimulus ;    Rasorianism. 

Contra-stimulus,  or  Contro-stimulus(/v;;-//v?//-r//w'- 
u-lus,  or kon-tro-stim1 '-u-lus )[  contra,  against ;  stimulus, 
a  stimulus].  An  influence  that  is  opposed,  or  acts  in 
opposition,  to  a  stimulus. 

Contrayerva  [kon-trah-yert '-vah\  [contra,  against; 
herba,  an  herb].  The  root  of  Dorstenia  contrayerva, 
a  stimulant,  tonic,  and  diaphoretic.  Its  decoction  is 
mucilaginous,  and  is  serviceable  in  low  fevers  and 
malignant  eruptive  diseases.      DoseJJss.      I  not. 

Contrecoup  (kon'-tr-koo)  [Fr.].  Counter-stroke,  a 
variety  of  injury  by  indirect  violence,  as  by  a  blow  on 
a  remote  part.      See  Contra-fissura. 

Contrectation  [kon-trek-ta '-sli un)  [contrectatio  :  contrec- 
tare,  to  touch].  Digital  examination;  palpation; 
touch;   manipulation,  as  in  massage. 

Control  f kon-trbV)  [contra,  against;  rotula,  a  roll]. 
An  experiment  performed  to  test  the  correctness  of 
the  results  of  another  experiment ;  a  standard  by 
which  to  check  observations  and  insure  the  validity 
of  their  results.  Also,  a  synonym  for  Control  Animal. 
C.  Animal.  See  C.  Experiment.  C.  Experiment,  an 


CON'ITSK  >N 


321 


COOPERS  ARSENIOUS  OINTMENT 


experiment  carried  out  under  normal  or  common  cir- 
cumstances or  conditions,  to  serve  asa  standard  where 

by  to  test  the  variation  or  value  of  another  experi 
ment  carried  out  under  peculiar  or  abnormal  circum- 
stances. For  instance,  an  animal  is  rendered  immune 
by  inoculation  with  some  anti-specific  agent.  Such  an 
animal  is  called  the  Immune  Animal.  Another 
animal,  not  having  been  previously  rendered  immune, 
is  called  the  Control  Animal.  Both  animals  are 
then  exposed  to  the  action  of,  or  are  inoculated  with, 
the  specific  virus  in  question,  and  the  relative  differences 
in  the  reaction  of  the  two  animals  to  the  lasl  inocula- 
tion or  exposure  constitute  the  conclusions  of  the 
experiment. 

Contusion  {kon-tu* '-zhuri)  \contusio  ;  contendere,  to 
bruise].  A  bruise  or  injury  by  a  blunt  weapon,  or  by 
collision,  without  breaking  the  skin  or  covering  C- 
pneumonia,  a  form  of  pneumonia  following  trauma- 
tism.     It  is  of  frequent  occurrence. 

Conus  Utof-nus\  \kLxvoc,  a  cone:  pi. ,  Coni\  A  cres- 
centic  patch  of  atrophic  choroid  tissue  near  the  optic 
papilla  in  myopia.  C.  arteriosus,  the  conoid  eminence 
of  the  right  ventricle  of  the  heart,  whence  arises  the  pul- 
monary artery.  C.  medullaris,  the  cone-like  termina- 
tion of  the  spinal  cord,  continuous  as  the  filum  ter- 
minate. Coni  vasculosi,  a  series  of  conical  masses  that 
together  form  the  globus  major  of  the  epididymis. 

Convalescence  (kgn-val-es,-ens)  \_convalescere,  to  be- 
come well].  A  term  applied  to  the  restoration  to 
health  after  the  subsidence  of  a  disease  or  ailment. 

Convalescent  {kon-val-es' '-ent )  \convalescere,  to  be- 
come well],  i.  One  recovering  from  a  sickness.  2. 
Recovering  from  sickness. 

Convallamarin  [kon-val-dm' '-ar-in)  [convallis,  a 
valley;  amarus,  bitter],  C2gH44012.  A  bitter,  crystal- 
line whitish  powder;  a  glucosid  derived  from  Conval- 
laria.  It  is  a  rather  active  poison.  See  Convallaria 
majalis. 

Convallaria  {kon-val-a' '-re-ah)  \_convallis,  a  valley].  A 
genus  of  liliaceous  plants.  C.  majalis,  Lily  of  the 
Valley.  All  parts  of  the  plant  are  used  in  medicine. 
Its  properties  are  due  to  convallarin ,  C34H62Ou,  and 
convallamarin,  C23H4l< .),,,  glucosids.  It  is  a  prompt 
cathartic,  diuretic,  and  cardiac  stimulant,  valuable  as 
a  heart-tonic.  Unlike  digitalis,  it  has  no  cumulative 
effect.  C,  Ext.,  soluble  in  water.  Dose  gr.  ij-x. 
C,  Ext.,  Fid.,  alcoholic.  Dosett\ij-xj.  C.  infusum, 
prepared  with  three  times  its  weight  of  water.  Dose 
i|ss-ij.  Convallamarin,  or  Convallamarinum,  is 
soluble  in  water.      Dose  gr.  %—Tl).     All  unof. 

Convallarin  [kon-val' '-ar-in)  [convallis,  a  valley], 
Cjjll,;./),,.  A  purging,  crystalline  glucosid  derived 
from  Convallaria. 

Convallarrhetin  (kon-val-ar-e* '-tin)  [coiwallis,  a  valley ; 
I'rrirr;,  resin],  CMH52Oe.  A  poisonous  resiniform  sub- 
stance obtainable  from  convallarin  upon  the  separation 
of  glucose  from  the  latter. 

Convection  {kon-vekf-shuri)  \convehere,  to  carry  to- 
gether]. A  transmission  or  carrying,  as  of  heat  or 
electricity.  C. -current,  a  current  of  a  liquid  or  gas 
heated  to  a  temperature  above  that  of  the  surrounding 
medium  ;  it  rises  to  the  surface  because  of  its  lighter 
density,  and  thus  the  entire  fluid  or  gas  acquires  the 
same  temperature. 

Convergence  {kcn-verf -jens)  [convergere ,  to  tend  to  a 
center].  Inclination  or  a  direction  toward  a  common 
point,  center,  or  focus,  as,  e.g.,  of  the  axes  of  vision 
upon  the  near-point.  C. -theory,  a  theory  that  ac- 
counts for  the  production  of  myopia  by  the  pressure 
exerted  by  the  external  ocular  muscles  upon  the  eye- 
ball in  convergence,  this  pressure  leading  to  distention 
of  the  eyeball. 
21 


Convergent  {kon-ver* '-pent)  [con,  together;  re,  to 

incline].      In  biology,  coining  together.      Tending  to 
a  common  center.     C.  Strabismus.     See  Strabismus. 

Convex  {kon-veks')  [convexus,  vaulted].  Rounded,  as 
a  swelling  of  a  round  or  spheric  form  on  the  external 
surface;   gibbous;   opposed  to  concave 

Convexity  (kon-veks' '-it-e)  [convexus,  convex].  A 
surface  rounding  outward;  the  quality  of  being  con- 
vex. 

Convexo-concave  and  Convexo-convex  {kon-veksf- 
o-kon-kdv,  k  a  veks'-o-kon-veks).      See  Lens. 

Convolute  {kon' -vo-lut)  or  Convoluted  \k  n' -vo-lu- 
t  d  1  [convo  utu  .  lolled  together].  Rolled  together. 
C.  Bones.     See  Turbinated  Bones. 

Convolution  {kon-vo-lu'  -shun)  [convolvere,  to  roll  to- 
gether]. A  folding  and  turning  upon  itself  of  any 
organ,  as  the  cerebrum  and  the  small  intestines; 
any  gyrus  of  the  brain.  A  Table  of  the  Convolutions 
of  tli ,■  Cerebrum  is  added.      (See  page  323.) 

Convolvulin  {kon-vol'  -vu-liti)  [convolvere,  to  roll  to- 
gether], C;,H50O16.  A  glucosid  derived  from  the 
roots  of  Jalap  {Convolvulus  purga).  It  is  a  gummy 
mass,  with  active  purgative  properties. 

Convolvulus  {kon-vol' -vu-lus)  \_convolvere,  to  roll  to- 
gether]. A  genus  of  plants.  C.  panduratus,  wild 
potato.  The  tuber  is  a  mild  cathartic.  Dose  gr.  xl. 
Unof.  C.  purga.  See  falap.  C.  scammonia. 
Scammony. 

Convulsant  {kon-vuV '-sant)  \_convellere,  convulsum,  to 
pull  together].      A  medicine  that  causes  convulsions. 

Convulsion  (kon-vul'-skun)  [convellere,  to  convulse]. 
A  general  paroxysm  of  involuntary  muscular  contrac- 
tion, whether  tonic  or  (more  especially)  clonic. 
Loss  of  consciousness  and  voluntary  control  of  the 
muscles,  with  clonic,  tonic,  or  mixed  contraction,  etc. 
It  may  be  due  to  epilepsy,  other  functional  or  or- 
ganic disease  of  the  brain,  circulation,  etc.  ;  or  may 
be  cataleptic,  hysteric,  choreic,  etc.  See,  also, 
Epilepsy.  C,  Infantile,  due  to  a  number  of  can-  s, 
such  as  rickets,  exhaustion,  etc.  ;  sometimes  called 
"  screaming  fits. "  C,  Puerperal.  See  Eclampsia. 
C,  Salaam,  Eclampsia  nutans,  q.v.  C,  Uremic, 
due  to  the  altered  state  of  the  blood  in  disease  of 
the  kidney. 

Convulsionary  {kon-vuP '  -shun-a-re)  [convellere,  to  con- 
vulse]. One  who  is  subject  to  convulsions  ;  especially 
one  of  a  set  of  patients  who  are  subject  to  epidemic 
or  imitative  convulsions. 

Convulsivant  {con-vuU -siv-ant\  [convellere,  to  con- 
vulse].    An  agent  that  causes  convulsions. 

Convulsive  [kon-vuP '-siv)  [convellere,  to  convulse]. 
Marked  by  convulsions  or  spasms.  C.  Cerebral 
Typhus.  See  Dubini's  Disease.  C.  Cough.  Set 
Cynobex  kebetis.  C.  Tic.  See  Habit- Spasm.  C. 
Tremor.     See  Paramyoclonus. 

Conydrin  {ko-ni'-driu).     See  Conhydrin. 

Cook's  (Alleyer)  Hematoxylin  Solution.  A  solu- 
tion for  staining  microscopic  sections.  Extract  of  log- 
wood 6  gm.,  alum  6gm.,  cupric  sulphate  1  gm.,  and 
water,  40  c.  c.  are  rubbed  up  into  a  paste  in  a  mortar. 
This  is  allowed  to  stand  for  two  days,  and  then  filtered, 
and  a  crystal  of  thymol  is  added  to  the  filtrate  for 
preserving.     See  Stains,  Table  of. 

Cooper's  (Sir  Astley)  Arsenious  Ointment.  An  oint- 
ment composed  of  arsenious  acid  and  sulphur,  each  one 
part,  spermaceti  cerate,  eight  parts.  It  has  been  used 
as  a  local  application  in  skin-affections.  C.  Fascia. 
"See  Sea/pa's  Fascia.  C.  Hernia.  See  Hernia,  and 
Diseases,  Table  of.  C.  Irritable  Breast.  Synonym 
of  Mastodynia.  C.  Irritable  Testicle.  Synonym 
of  Orchialgia.  C.  Ligaments.  See  Ligaments.  C. 
Method.  See'  Treatment,  Methods  of.   C.  Operations* 


NVOU  flONS 


«•<  'l'nn'iA 


utions  of  the  si  \spect  or  convexity  of  the 

Cerebrum. 
i,i.  Fissure  of  Rolando.    2,2.  Ascending  frontal  convolution.    3,3.  As- 

j>  and  suj"  11s.     4,  4.   First   frontal  con- 

utal.    6,6.  Third  frontal.    7,7.  First occi- 
tal.    9,  9.  Third   occipital.      to.  Anterior 
•  emity  of  corpus  callostim.     1 i ,  11.  Posterior  extremity. 


'      y^r* 


'     PECT  OF  THE  CEREBI 

I  >ptic  (  hiasm.     -     ! 

niammill.it  ia. 
Sylvius. 

the  lisMii 


Se<  .   Table  of.     C.  Ventilator. 

See  '  entilation. 

Coopers'  Knee.  An  enlarged  bursa  patellae 
found  in  coopers,  as  the  result  of  pressure 
exerted  by  the  knot.'  against  the  barrel. 

Coordination   {ko-or-din-a'-shun)    [con,    to 
gether;  ordinare,  to  regulate].     The    hai 
monlous  activity  and    proper  sequence   ol 
operation  ol  the  various  organs  "l  the  body, 
<   peciall)  "t  those  parts  that  cooperate  in 
the  performance  of  any  function. 

Copaiba    [ko-pa' '-e-bah)    [Sp.].      Balsam   "I 
1  opaiba.     The  oleoresin  of  Copaifera  q 
cinalis,  C.  coriacea,  C.  guianen  1  ,  i '.  multi- 
juga,   C.   cor di folia,   C.  laxa,  ( '.   nitida,  ('. 
oblongifolia,  and   C.   Ian  :  legumin- 

ous trees,  native  to  South  America.  It  is  a 
.stimulant,  diuretic,  diaphoretic,  and  an  ex- 
pi  -  torant,  and  is  much  used  in  gonorrhea, 
although  now  considi  n  d  oi  doubtful  value. 
C,  Massa,  copaiba  94,  magnesia  6  parts. 
Dose  tnjc-sjj.  C,  Mist.  Comp.,  Lafay- 
ette's mixture,  unof.,  copaiba  3  \- i j ,  oil 
till h1  is  ~  j,  glyceriti  vitelli  3  vij  ;  triturate  and 
add  syr.  aq.  menth.  piperit.  3iiss;  then  add, 
with  '  onstanl  stirring,  liq.  potass.  3|ss,  tinct. 
cardami  in  comp.  ^ij,spt.  aether,  nitrosi,  ^ss, 
aq.  menth.  piperit.  q.s.  to  make  3  viij.  Dose 
3J-^ss.  C,  Ol.  I  »ose  rrpx-xv.  C,  Re- 
sina,  mainly  copaibic  acid.     Dose  gr.  j-v. 

Copal  [kof-pal)  [Mex.,  copalli,  resin-]. 
Anime.  These  terms  include  a  number  of 
related  resins  that  are  of  both  fossil  and 
recent  origin.  The  copal  resins,  when  of 
good  quality,  are  too  hard  to  be  scratched 
by  the  nail,  have  a  conchoid  fracture,  and 
a  specific  gravity  ranging  from  1. 059  to 
I.0S0.  Unlike  others,  they  are'  soluble  with 
difficulty  in  alcohol  and  essential  oils,  and 
are,  therefore,  valuable  for  making  var 
nishes.      The  softer  kinds  are  called  anime. 

Copalche  (ko-palf-che)  [Mex.].  The  bark 
of  '  'roton  niveus  and  other  trees  of  tropical 
America.  The  term  i-  a  vague  one,  and  is 
little  used  in  medical  literature. 

Copalin,  Copalm  [ko'-pal-in,  ko'-palm) 
[Mex.,  copalli,  resins].  The  sweet-gum 
tree.  1  jquidambar  styraciflua  ;  also  the  resin 
that  in  warm  latitudes  exude-  from  it,  the 
so  1  ailed  I  lighgate  resin. 

Copeman's   Method.     A   method    of  over 
nig   the    nausea   and  vomiting    of   preg- 
nancy.      It    consists   in    digital  dilatation  of 
the    cervix    uteri    to    a    slight    degree,   not 
sufficient  to  induce  abortion. 

Copernicia  cerifera  [ko-per-nishf-e-ah  ser- 
if'-er-ah).     See  Carnauba. 

Cophosis  [ko-fo'-sis)  [mapdc,  deaf].  Deaf- 
ness  or  dulness  of  hearing. 

Copiopia  {kop-i  o'-pe-ak)  \  kSttoi  .  a  straining; 

eye].      Eye-strain;    weariness   of  the 

C.  hysterica,  a  term  applied  lo  those 

Symptoms  that   indicate  hyperesthesia  ol  the 

fifth  and  optic  nerve-. 


Sylvius.    T2.  Olfactory  net  13.  Third  convolu- 

tion ol  inferior  surface  ol  frontal  lobe.  [4.  Fourth 
convolution.  1-.  Third  convolution  ol  external 
surface  ol  frontal  lobe.  r6  External  border  ol 
erior  lobe.  17.  Sphenoidal  extremity.  18.  Oc- 
cipital  extremity.  19.  Hippocampal  convolution. 
20.  External  convolution  of  posterior  loh«».  21. 
involution.  2  •.  Intel  nal  1  onvolution.  23. 
Gyrus  fornicatus. 


CONVOLUTIONS 


:;->:; 


I  I  >NV<  iLl    I  EONS 


TABLE   OF   CONVOLUTIONS   OR   GYRI    OF  THE   CEREBRUM. 


Divisus 


D'ourlet. 


Name. 

Loca  1  ION. 

Abrupt. 

Small  convolutions  at  the  extremity  of  the  01 
tal  lobe. 

Angular. 

Posterior  portion  of  inferior  parietal  lobule. 

Anteriorly,  continuous  with  the  supra- 
marginal     convolution       Inferioily, 
continuous  with  the  middli 
sphenoidal  convolutioi      /          wrly, 
■  onnec'ted  with  the  <mi  ipital  lobe  t.\ 
the  annectant  convolutions. 

Annectant  (4). 

Occipital  lobe. 

Connect  the  occipital  with  the  tcm- 
poro-sphenoidal  and  parietal  lobes. 

Annectant,  external. 

See  Anne,  tant,  first 

Annectant,  first. 

aal  lobe;  a  portion  of  the  superior  occipital 
convolution. 

Joins  the  superior  occipital  convolu- 
tion with  the  superior  parietal  lobe. 

Annectant,  second. 

1  U  1  ipital  lobe,  postei  L01  part. 

Connects  the  angular  and  middle  con- 
volutions. 

Annectant,  superior. 

See  Paroccipital. 

Antero-parietal. 

See  Frontal,  ascending. 

Antero-temporal. 

See  Temporal,  first. 

Antorbital. 

Frontal  lobe  (of  orang-outang),  orbital  surface. 

Internally,  olfactory  lobe. 

Arcuate. 

See  Uncinate. 

Of  Arnold. 

See  Posterior,  inferior. 

Basilar,  internal. 

Frontal  lobe  (orbital  face) ;    probably  the  rectus 
convolution,  q.  v. 

Basirrhinal. 

Temporal  lobe,  near  tip. 

Hippocampal  and  arm  gdaliue  fissures. 

Breves. 

The  larger  number  of  the  insular  convolutions, 
as  distinguished  from  the  long  insular. 

Bridging. 

See  Annectant. 

Broca's. 

The  inferior  or  third  frontal  convolution,  q.  v. 

Callosal. 

See  Fornicate. 

Calloso-marginal. 

See  Fornicate. 

Central,  anterior. 

See  Frontal,  ascending. 

Central,  posterior. 

See  Parietal,  ascending: 

Choroid,  anterior. 

In  the  embryo,  the  convexity  of  the  parietes  of 
the  lateral  recess  of  the  fourth  ventricle. 

■ 

Choroid,  inferior. 

See  Choroid,  posterior. 

Choroid,  posterior. 

In  the  embryo,  a  convexity  posterior  to  the  ante- 
rior choroid  convolution  in  the  lateral  recess  of 
the  fourth  ventricle. 

Choroid,  superior. 

See  Choroid,  anterior. 

Of  the  corpus  callosum. 

See  Fornicate. 

Cruciate. 

See  Orbital  convolutions. 

Cuneate. 

Occipital    lobe,    median     aspect    of    cerebrum ; 
wedge-shaped. 

Above,  parieto-occipital  fissure.  Be- 
low,  calcarine  fissure 

Cuneiform. 

See  Abrupt. 

Dentate. 

In  the  dentate  fissure  ;  rudimentary  in  man. 

Above,  the  taenia  hippocampi;  termi- 
nates in  the  notch  of  the  uncinate 
gyrus 

Descending 

lital  lobe. 

Anteriorly,  post-calcarine  fissure. 

External  (4). 


See  Frontal,  ascending. 


See  Fornicate. 


Convexity  of  each  cerebral  hemisphere  (of  dog). 


SVOU   riONS  324  CONVOl  I    I  LONS 

fABLE  OB   CONVOLl   HONS  OR  GYR]   ''I     fHE  CEREBRUM.— Continued. 


urn,  immediately  above 
tin  im. 


Boundaries. 


tlloso-marginal   fissure.     /»/- 
ternally,  great    longitudinal   fissure. 
w,  corpus  callosum. 


: 

1  rontal  lo 

■  and  belou  .  g<  n<  rallj  continuous 
with  the  ascending  parietal  convolu- 
tion. Posteriorly,  fissure  ol  Rolando. 
Anteriorly,  precentral  ami  supercen- 

tral  fissures. 

- 

Frontal  lob               and  outer  portion.    U-shaped 
convolution;  forms  an  essential  part  of  Broca's 
titer. 

Above,  subfrotital  fissure.    Poster, 
the    ascending    frontal    convolution. 

Ant'i  lorly,  becomes  the  posteiiur 
orbital   convolution. 

■ 

le. 

'id. 

uperior  and  inferior 
ntal  i  onvolutions. 

Po  teriorly,  continuous  with  the  as- 
cending frontal  convolution.  Ante- 
riorly, continuous  with  the  middle 
orbital  convolution  Above,  super- 
frontal    ii      mi        Below,    subfrontal 

lis     111, 

tus. 

Frontal  lobe. 

Posteriorly,  continuous  with   as 
ing  frontal  c.  Anteriorly,  continuous 

with  the  internal  orbital.  Its  mesal 
surface  is  called  the  marginal  c.  Be- 
low, the  superfrontal  fissure. 

Front 

See  Frontal,  inferior. 
See  Frontal,  ascending. 

See  Frontal,  superior. 

Frontal  lobe  of  cerebrum,  median  aspect. 

Above,  fronto-marginal  fissure.  Below, 
supercallosal  fissure. 

; 

See  Frontal,  superior. 

•  rm. 

See  Subcollaleral. 

"  Passes  from  the  anterior  extremity  of  the  forni- 
cate convolution  over  the  upper  surface  of  the 
callosum,    becoming    the    medial    and     1 
stria-  Lam  isi." 

See  Subcalcarine. 

Extends  from  the  splenium,  dipping  behind  and 
v  the  callosum,  and  continuing  forward  to 
the  uncinate  convolution. 

The   hippocampal    and    collateral    fis 
sin  <s      Anteriorly,  the  uncinate  con- 
volution.   Posteriorly,  the  splenium. 

ntal. 

ubfrontal. 

\   V-shaped  convolution   about  the  inflected  fis- 

Temporo-sphenoidal  lobe,  the  superior  convolu- 
tion. 

Above,  the  Sylvian  fissure  Below,  the 
super-temporal  or  parallel  fissure 

f  a  group  of  small  convolutions  that  form 
the                    Reil. 

\  portion  of  the  insula;  recognized  by  its 
!  horizontal  direction 

■  nvolution  between  the  two  parallel  central 
fissures,  in  the  rare  cases  in  which  two  co-exist. 

The  parallel  central  fissures 

■ 

■     alcarine. 

nal. 


Internally,  longitudinal  fissure.    Tnfe- 
thi    i  altoso-marginal   fissuw. 
Posi  o-marginal  fis- 

re  of  Ro  indo. 


CONVOLUTIONS  325  CONV<  >l.i    I  [<  >NS 

TABLE   OF  CONVOLUTIONS  OR  GYR1  OF   THE  CEREBRUM.— Continued. 


Name. 

Location. 

Boundaries. 

Marginal,  external. 

See  Fornicate. 

Marginal,  inferior. 

See  Supertemporal 

Marginal,  internal. 

The  lamina  of  the  septum  lucidum  and  dentate 
convolution. 

Above  and  externally,  by  the  fornicate 
convolution. 

Medifrontal.                                                 See  Frontal,  second 

Medio-parietal,  transverse. 

See  Parietal,  ascending . 

Meditemporal. 

Middle  of  temporal  lobe;  a  small  horizontal  con- 
volution. 

Above,  the  supertemporal  fissure  Be- 
low, meditemporal  fissure  Posteri- 
orly, continuous  with  the  angular 
•  '.n  volution. 

Mendel's. 

See  Opercular. 

Nuclear;   also  called  Pauber's  con- 
volution. 

A  fold  of  gray  matter  in  the  olivary  body. 

Occipital,  fifth. 

Occipital  lobe  (of  gorilla)      Corresponds   to   the 
lingual  convolution  of  man. 

Occipital,  first. 

See  Occipital,  superior. 

Occipital,  fourth. 

Occipital   lobe   (of  gorilla).     Corresponds   to   the 
fusiform  of  man. 

Occipital,  inferior. 

Occipital  lobe. 

Above,  middle  occipital  fissure.  Below, 
inferior  occipital  fissure.  Anteriorly, 
continuous  with  middle  temporo- 
sphenoidal  convolution. 

Occipital,  lower. 

See  Occipital,  inferior. 

Occipital,  middle. 

Occipital  lobe,  between  the  first  and  third  occi- 
pital convolutions. 

Superiorly,  transverse  occipital  fis- 
sure. Inferiorly,  inferior  longitudi- 
nal and  occipital  fissures  Internally, 
the  median  longitudinal  fissure.  £  >  - 
ternally  ox  anteriorly,  it  runs  into  the 
angular  gyrus. 

Occipital,  second. 

See  Occipital,  middle. 

Occipital,  superior. 

Occipital  lobe,  superior  surface,  upper  convolu- 
tion. 

Connected  with  the  superior  parietal 
by  the  annectant  gyrus. 

Occipital,  third. 

See  Occipital,  inferior. 

Occipital,  upper. 

See  Occipital,  superior. 

Occipitotemporal . 

Lower  surface  of  temporo-sphenoidal  lobe. 

Occipito-temporal,  inferior. 

See  Subcollateral. 

Occipitotemporal,  lateral.                     i  See  Subcollateral. 

Occipito-temporal,  middle.                      See  Subcalcarine. 

Occipito-temporal,  superior. 

See  Subcalcarine. 

Olfactory. 

Arises  in  the  anterior  perforated  space,  passitig 
forward  in  the  olfactory  sulcus,  and  ending  in 
the  olfactory  bulb. 

Olfactory,  external. 

The  lateral  root  of  the  olfactory  tract. 

Internally,  the  olfactory  groove. 

Olfactory,  internal. 

Frontal  lobe  ;  the  ridge  along  the  inner  side  of  the 
olfactory  groove.     The  internal  root  of  the  ol- 
factory tract. 

Opercular  ;  also  called  Menders  con- 
volution. 

Frontal  lobe. 

Enters  into  the  operculum. 

Of  the  operculum. 

See  Breves. 

Orbital. 

Frontal  lobe;   small  convolutions  on  the  orbital 
surface. 

Orbital,  anterior. 

Frontal  lobe. 

Continuous  with  the  middle  fronta' 
convolution.  Posteriorly,  orbital  sul- 
cus. 

Orbital,  external. 

See  Frontal,  inferior. 

Orbital,  internal. 

Frontal  lobe. 

Infernally,  the  rectus  convolution. 

NVOl  I   Hi  INS  CONVO]  I   I  [ONS 

PABl  I    OF    CONVOLl  riONS  OR   GYR]  OF    111  1  -  <  1  R]  BRl  M.— Continued. 


N  v  ■ 

N 

Bol'NDARlKS. 

.  Iatcr.il. 

["he  ventral  portion  of  the  subfrontal 
i  onvolution. 

Internally,  the  internal  orbital  convo- 
lution 

Front                 small  i  on\  olution. 

Anteriorly  and  internally,  the  orbital 
fissure.  Continuous  with  the  inf<  i  ioi 
frontal  convolution. 

Frontal  lob* .  posterior  portion  ol  inferior  sun  u  i , 

•  ,1  .ui.l  post-frontal  lobes,  mesial  aspect.    It 
i>  the  motoi  area  i"i  some  part  ol  the  leg. 

Below,  the  paracentral  fissure.  Dor- 
sal, the  precuneus. 

> at. 

■ 

■ 

Parietal  lobe. 

.  Interiorly,  fissure  of  Rolando.    Poste- 
riorly, intraparietal  iissut.-.    Below, 
fissure  ol  Sylvius.     Above  and  /. 
usually  continuous  with  the  asc<  nd- 
ing  frontal,  and  also  above  with  the 
superior  parietal  convolutions. 

Parietal,  superior. 

See  Subparietal. 

See  Angular. 

See  I'arietal.  ascending. 

,  ond 

,  ular  and  Subparietal. 

lal,  superior. 

Parietal  lobe. 

Continuous  anteriorly  with  ascending 
frontal  (generally).  Anterio>lv,  upper 
part  of  fissure  of  Rolando.  Posteri- 
orly, the  external  parieto-occipital 
fissure.  Inferiorly,  the  intraparietal 
fissure. 

•  il.  third. 

See  Marginal. 

See  Parietal,  superior. 

i-occipital,  lati 

See  Occipital,  middle. 

ital,   middle    (of 

Occipital  lobe;  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  superior 
occipital  convolution. 

ital. 

•  i.M]. ital  and  parietal  lobes;  U-shaped,  curving 
around  the  dorsal  end  of  the  occipital  fissure 

Laterally,    the     paroccipital     fis 
Mesiafly,  the  margin  of  the  cei  <  bi  un 

•central 

Parit  lal,  ascending. 

Posterior  portion  of  the  sigmoid  convolution. 

;              -        .       r (of  A  n 

Occipitotemporal  lobe,  ventral  aspect. 

See  Parietal,  ascending. 

See  Post-cruciate. 

See  Parietal,  ascending. 

See  Frontal,  ascending. 

In  the  dog's  brain,  the  convolution  lying  in  front 
of  the  cruciate  fissure. 

Posteriorly,  the  cruciate  fissure. 

See  Precruciate 

mtal  lobes  at  junction  of  frontal  and  orbital 
of  the  cerebrum. 

Caudad,  preorbital  (or  orbito-frontal) 

■ 

'  ><intal,  ascending. 

if  cerebrum,  median  surface. 

Anteriorly,  ralloso-marginal  fissure. 
Posteriorly,  the  parieto-occipital  fis- 
sure. Below,  continuous  with  the 
fornicate  convolution, 

ar. 

irbital  aspect. 

Between  the  olfactory  fissure  and  the 
mesial  margin. 

CONVOLUTIONS  327  '  '  »NV(  >]  I    1  [ONS 

TABLE  OF  CONVOL1    riONS  OR  GYR1    01     Mil.   '  I  1:1  BRUM.— Continued. 


Temporo-occipital. 


Temporo-occipital,  middle. 


Name. 

Location.                                                            Boundaries. 

Retrocentral. 

See  Parietal,  ascending. 

Rolandicus,  anterior. 

Sec  I'i  ecentral. 

Rolandicus,  posterior. 

See  Post-central. 

Sagittal. 

[n  /  lentata,  the  longitudinal  (.'involution.                         next  t<.  tin-  longitudinal  fissure. 

Of  Schwalbe. 

See  Parieto-occipital,  middle 

Sigmoid. 

A    U-shaped    convolution,    including    important 
motor  areas. 

Surrounding  the  cruciate  fissure. 

Straight. 

See  Rectus. 

Subcalcarine. 

Occipital  and  temporal  lobes  ;  a  narrow  convolu- 
tion. 

Above,  calcarine  fissure.  Below,  col- 
lati  ral  fissure.  Peripherad,  the  cu- 
neus. 

Subcallosal  (of  Zuckerkandl). 

Mesial  aspect  of  cerebrum. 

Reaches  from  the  chiasm  to  the  ros- 
trum. 

Subcollateral. 

Temporal  lobe  ;  the  fusiform  lobules  of  the  brain. 

Connects  the  occipital  and  temporal 
lobes.  Above,  collateral  fissure.  Be- 
low, subtemporal  fissure. 

Subfrontal. 

See  Frontal,  inferior. 

Subparietal. 

Parietal  lobe. 

Above,  parietal  fissure.  Antet  iorly, 
continuous  with  the  marginal  and 
angular  convolutions.  Posteriorly, 
the  paroccipital  fissure. 

Subtemporal. 

See  Teniporal,  inferior. 

Superfrontal. 

See  Frontal,  superior. 

Superior. 

See  Temporo-sphenoidal,  superior-. 

Supertemporal. 

See  Infra-marginal. 

Supra-marginal. 

Inferior  parietal  lobe,  anterior  portion. 

Anteriorly,  the  inferior  extremity  of 
the  intraparictal  fissure.  Below,  con- 
tinuous with  the  ascending  parietal 
and  superior  temporo-sphenoidal 
convolutions. 

Supra-orbital. 

See  Frontal,  inferior. 

Supra-sylvian. 

The  third  external  convolution  of  the  dog. 

Sylvian. 

In  Marsupials,  the  portion  of  the  brain  surround- 
ing the  hssure  of  Sylvius. 

Temporal,  first. 

See  Infra-marginal 

Temporal,  inferior. 

Temporo-sphenoidal  lobe  ;  the  lowest  of  the  three 
convolutions. 

Posteriorly,  connected  with  the  third 
occipital  convolution.  Above,  the 
meditemporal  fissure.  Below,  the 
subtemporal  fissure. 

Temporal,  inframarginal. 

See  Temporo-sphenoidal,  superior. 

Temporal,  lateral  inferior. 

See  Temporal,  inferior. 

Temporal,  lower. 

See  Temporo-sphenoidal ,  inferior. 

Temporal,  middle.                                     See  Meditemporal 

Temporal,  second. 

See  Meditemporal. 

Temporal,  superior.                                     See  Infra-marginal. 

Temporal,  third. 

See  Subtemporal. 

Temporal,  transverse. 

Temporal  lobe,  ental  surface:  a  number  (2  to  4) 
of  short  convolutions  near  its  extremity. 

Temporal,  upper. 

See  Infra-marginal. 

. 

See  Occipital,  inferior. 


Temporo-occipital,  internal. 


See  Fusiform. 


See  Calcarine. 


Temporo-sphenoidal,  first. 


See  Temporo-sphenoidal,  superior. 


•  h  >DYS<  INESIA  Col'VolM  \ 

fABLE  OF  CONVOLUTIONS  OR  GYR1    "I     111!     CEREBRUM.— Continued. 


LOCATK 

Boundaries. 

ro-sphenoidal,  inf< 

See  Temp   ■               >  ior. 

remporo-sphen                 Idle. 

Temporo-sphenoidal,  - 

-.mil. 



>ial. 

leondus. 

nail  convolution. 

Anteriorly,  the  ascending  branch  of 
the  fissure  of  Sylvius. 

Se                 .  ascending: 

Frontal  lobe. 

Posteriorly,  the  opercular  convolution. 

' 

Temporo-sphenoidal  lobe  (median  surface). 

Above,  the  calcarine  and  dentate  fis- 
sures. Kel<nu,  the  collateral  fissure. 
Internally,  the  great  longitudinal  fis- 
sure. 

Vaui- 

See  Fornicate. 

uckerkandl.                                        See  Subcallosal. 

Copodyscinesia     [kop-o-dis-in  \h)     [k6~oc,    toil, 

fat  lard;     tuvqoig,    motion],      Difficult     or 

faulty  motion  due  to  constant  repetition  of  the  same 

nn  for  the  so-called  Fatigue-diseases. 

Copopsia  r'n.     See  Copiopia. 

Copo  tigue].     i     Lassitude ;  exhaus- 

2.  Cramp  in  the  calves  of  the  legs. 

Copper  [ME.,  coper,  copper].     Cuprum.       \ 

ad  metal  not  used  in  medicine  in  it--  metallic 

m,  but  n  1  by  several  salts.     The  latter  are 

ga-  tinal  irritants,  producing  nausea  and  emesis. 

C.  acetate,  ("u  (C2H3<  >.     . 
i  pulmonary  diseases,  and  as  a  lotion  in 
Dose  gr.   ^^-\.     C.  aceto-arsenite, 
Pai  is    a  pigment  and  an  insecticide. 

C.   ammoniate,  unof. ,  ammonium  carbonate    ],  cop- 
t  sulphate  4  parts.      Useful   in  chorea,  hysteria,  etc. 
-•■  gr.   '  ij  -j.      C.  arsenite,  a  salt  valuable  in  intes- 
tinal il;  Dose    gr.    ,-,',,,.      C.  nitrate  (H.  P.), 
■     jHjl  1.  1-  used  for  the  same  purposes  as  the 
C.    sulphate.    CuS04.5H20,    soluble    in 
valuable  as  an  emetic.      Dose,   as  an  emetic, 
'r-'i-       C.  Amalgam,    a 
'illic  fill  riaj   <  omposed  of  chemically  pure 
tilled  mercury.     C. -colic.     See  Colic. 
C. -glass.  Blu  .    C. -green.    Same 
C.  Indigo.     Same  as  Oil  Blue. 
C.  Lazulite.     S               Xzurite.     C.-nose.     Synonym 
C,     Potassio-tartrate     Sol., 
0,    unof.,    copper   sulphate   gr.    70, 
tT\,4<x>;    also   dissolve    Rochelle  salt, 
r  itl  160  . ;    wh.-n  requii  and 

Coppera  of  copp 

sulphati  1    /■email. 

C-  black. 
Coppice-bar  .,,-/. 

i  Hind.].     The   dried  and  crushed 
m   whi<  h  cocoa  oil  is  ex- 

a  purgative. 

Copremesis 

Copremia  dung;    1 


from  absorption  of  unduly  retained  feces.  This  con- 
dition is  occasionally  met  with  in  chronic  constipation. 
The  symptoms  are  anemia,  sallow  complexion,  ano- 
rexia, frontal  headache,  vertigo,  nausea,  flatulence, 
thirst,  lithemia,  fetid  breath,  lassitude,  hypochondri- 
asis, and  irritability  of  temper. 

Copremic  (kop-rem* '-ik)  [icdirpoc,  dung ; . tfieoic,  vom- 
iting].    Relating  to  or  affected  with  copremia. 

Coproctic  {kop-rok' -tik)  [koV/joc,  feces].  Relating 
to  feces ;  fecal. 

Coproecholalia  (kop-ro-ek-o-la'-le-ah)  [/coVpoc,  tilth  ; 
tjx^i  an  echo  ;  /</>/<;,  a  babbling].  The  mechanical 
and  purposeless  utterance  of  obscene  words  by  the 
insane. 

Coprolalia  ( kop-ro-la' -le-ah)  [ndTvpor,  filth;  lalid, 
speech].  The  use  of  filthy  and  offensive  language  as 
a  manifestation  of  disease.      See  Habit-spasm . 

Coprolith  [kop' -ro-lith)  [K&irpoe,  dung ;  XiOog,  stone] . 
A  hard  mass  of  fecal  matter  in  the  bowels. 

Coprophagous  (kop-rofff-ag-us)  \jn>~poc,  dung;  <t»i 
eat].      In  biology,  applied  to  dung-feeding  beetles. 

Coprophagy    [kop-roff'-a-je)     [noTrpog,    dung;    •"■, 
to  eat].     The  eating  of   ordure;    a   symptom   some- 
times seenin  insane  and  hysterical  patients. 

Coprophilous  [kop-roff' -il-us)  [koV/wc,  dung;  tyiloc, 
loving].  In  biology,  fond  of  feeding  or  growing  upon 
dung. 

Coprorrhea  [kop-ror-ef -ah)  \k6-i»i<\  dung;  ptetv  to 
flow].      Synonym  of  Diarrh 

Coprostasia  [kop-ro-sta'-se-ah).   See  Coprostasis. 

Coprostasis  [kop-ros' '-las-is)  [icdirpog,  dung  j  ar&aic  a 
-landing].  The  accumulation  of  fecal  matter;  arresl 
ot  the  onward  movement  of  fecal  matters. 

Coptin  [kop'-tin)  \_k6tztelv,  to  cut].  A  colorless  alka- 
loid oi  Goldthread.     See  Coptis 

Coptis    (kop,-tis)    [a'i-:.'/i,  tocut].   Goldthread.    The 
il   of  C.  trifolia,  a  simple  bitter  tonic   resembling 
intains  coptin,  an  alkaloid  closely  allied 
to  berberin.     Dose  gr.  x-xxx. 

Copula    [kop'-u-lah)     [L. ,  "a  band "  ].      1.    The 
ula  alba  cerebri,  an  anterior  commissure   of  the  cere- 
brum.      2.    A  thin  lamina    joining  the  rostrum   with  the 

terma. 
Copulation  '/-shun)  \copulare,  to  couple].   The 

act  of   sexual  intercourse. 
Copyopia  [kop-e-o' -pe-ah) .     See  Copiopia. 


O  H)\   II  I  CI  IK 


:',■»> 


CORIANDER 


Coqueluche  \kok-luih')  [It.,  a  hood  or  cowl].  Syn- 
onym of  Influenza;  also  of  Whooping-cough. 

Coquet  or  Coquette  {ho-ket')  [I'r.j.  Synonym  oi  In- 
fluenza. 

Coquilles  [ko  k,\')  [Fr.].  A  variety  of  dark  eyeglasses 
curved  like  shells. 

Cor  [kor)  [I..  ;  gen, .  cordis'].  The  heart.  See  Heart. 
In  biology,  according  to  Csesalpino,  the  seat  of  tin- 
principle  oflife  in  plants.  See  Root  neck.  C.  adipo- 
sum,  a  heart  with  a  simple  excess  of  the  normal  >ul> 
pericardial  fat.  C.  biloculare,  reptilian  heart  ;  a 
congenital  condition  in  which  there  i.-.  absence  or  de 
ficiency  of  the  septa  of  both  cardiac  auricles  and 
ventricles.  C.  bovinum.  See  Bovine  Heart.  C. 
seminis,  the  heart  of  the  seed  ;  the  corcle  or  corcule. 
C.  villosum,  hairy  heart  ;  the  peculiar  shaggy  ap- 
pearance presented  by  the  heart  in  acute  plastic  peri- 
carditis, with  the  deposited  fibrin  existing  in  long 
shreds. 

Coraco-  (kor'-ak-o-)  [_Kopa^,  a  crow].  Pertaining  to  the 
coracoicl  process,  as  C.-brachialis.  .See  Muscles, 
Table  of. 

Coracoid  (kor'-ak-oid)  \_n6pai, ,  a  crow  ;  etdoc,  likeness]. 
I.  Having  the  shape  of  a  crow's  beak.  2.  The  cora- 
coid process.  C.  Ligament,  a  triangular  ligament 
joining  the  coracoid  process  to  the  acromion.  C. 
Process,  a  beak-shaped  process  of  the  scapula. 

Coracopectoralis  (kor-ak-o-pek-tor-a'-lis)  \_Kopa^,  a 
crow  ;  pectus,  the  breast].  The  pectoralis  minor 
muscle.      See  Muscles,    'fable  of. 

Coral  (kor'-al)  [nopaAJaov,  coral].  The  hard  sub- 
r.tance  secreted  by  marine  polyps.  C.  Calculus,  a 
peculiar  dendritic  form  of  calculus  found  in  the  pelvis 
of  the  kidney,  and  forming  a  complete  mold  of  the 
infundibula  and  calices. 

Coral  Root  [kor'-al  root).  Crawley.  The  root  of 
Corallorhiza  odontorhiza,  a  prompt  and  powerful 
diaphoretic  that  is  used  in  fevers.  Dose  gr.  xxx. 
C,  Fid.,  Ext.     Dose  tt\xv-xxx.     Unof. 

Coralliform  [kor-aV -if-orni)  \_corallum,  coral ;  forma, 
shape].      In  biology,  resembling  coral. 

Corallin  ykor'  -al-in)  [corallinus,  coral-red].  A  color- 
ing-matter derived  from  rosolic  acid  and  alcoholic  am- 
monia. It  is  used  for  dyeing  red,  and  is  noteworthy 
as  being  a  cause  of  local  and  general  poisoning,  and 
it  is  liable  to  lead  to  cutaneous  and  constitutional 
affections  in  those  who  wear  garments  dyed  with  it. 
Some  observers  ascribe  its  ill-effects  to  an  arsenical 
admixture.  C.-red.  See  Pigments,  Conspectui  of. 
C. -yellow.     See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of 

Corallite  (kor'-al-it)  \corallum,  coral].  In  biology, 
the  calcareous  calyx  or  cup  of  a  single  coral  polyp. 

Corbiculum  [kor-bikf -u-lum)  \corbis,  a  basket].  In 
biology,  applied  to  the  pollen-basket  or  the  inner  side 
of  the  tarsus  of  a  bee. 

Cord  [chorda,  a  string].  Used  as  a  synonym  for  the 
Umbilical  Cord,  the  vascular,  cord-like  structure  con- 
necting the  placenta  and  fetus.  C,  Coiling  of,  loops 
about  the  fetus  or  its  members.  C,  Columns  of. 
See  Columns.  C,  False  or  Superior  (vocal),  a  fold 
of  mucous  membrane  on  either  side  of  the  middle 
line  of  the  larynx,  inclosing  the  superior  thyro-arvte- 
noid  ligament.  C,  Knots  of,  real  knots  of  the  cord 
formed  by  the  passage  of  the  fetus  through  a  loop. 
False  Knots,  accumulations  of  Wharton's  jelly  at  par 
ticular  points.  C,  Presentation  of,  descent  of  the 
cord,  at  the  beginning  of  labor,  between  the  presenting 
part  and  the  membranes.  C,  Prolapse  of,  descent 
at  the  rupture  of  the  bag  of  waters  ;  incomplete,  if 
remaining  in  the  vagina,  complete,  if  protruding  there- 
from. C,  Spinal.  See  Spinal  Cord.  C,  Torsion 
of,  twisting  upon  its   axis.      The   blood-vessels  of  the 


cord   make  about  40  spiral   turns.      C,  Vocal. 
Vocal  Band.      C.  of  Weitbrecht,  the  orbicular  liga- 
ment of  the  elbow.     See  also  ( 'hi 

Corda  1  kor'-dali).  See  Chorda.  C.  valvuleux,  I  Hi- 
four's  term  for  the  cecal  pouches  or  pancreatic  organs 
invariably  and  normally  loaded  with  bacl 
cociU'  insectorum,  Burrill)  in  certain  families  of  the 
higher  l  lemiptera  |  /'  ntatomida,  Scutelleridce,  Coritne- 
kenida)',  invariably  wanting  in  the  lowi  1  I  biniptera. 

Cordial  (por'-jal)  [cor,  the  heart],  I.  Pertaining  to 
the  heart  ;  exhilaranl  ;  stimulant.  2.  An  aromatic, 
spirituous  stimulant. 

Cordiale  (kor-de-a'-le)  [L.].  Acordial.  C.rubifruc- 
tus.     See  Blackberry  Cordial. 

Corditis  [kor-di' '-tis).     See  Chorditis. 

Cordon  (kor'-doii)  [Pr.,  a  cord  or  rope].  A  chain  >>f 
posts  to  enforce  a  quarantine  against  a  place  infected 
with  an  epidemic  disease. 

Cordylus  {/tor* -dil-us)  \KopSvXri,  a  club].  In  biology, 
one  of  the  tentacular  "  auditory  clubs  "  of  Hydrome- 
dusce. 

Core  [kor)  [ME.,  core,  a  core].  1.  The  central  slough 
of  a  boil  or  carbuncle.  2.  The  axial  or  central  por- 
tion  of  the  terminal  corpuscle  in  a  nerve.  3.  A 
bundle  of  soft  iron  wires  used  as  a  magnet  in  the  cen- 
ter of  a  coil. 

Coreclisis  ikor-ek-li'-sis).     See  Coroclisis. 

Corectasis  {kor-ek' -las-is)  [nopr/,  pupil  ;  huraoic,  a 
stretching  out].     Dilatation  of  the  pupil. 

Corectome  (kor-ek' -torn)  \_k6j»i,  the  pupil;  fKTifiveiv, 
to  cut  out].      An  instrument  used  in  iridectomy. 

Corectomy  (kor-ek' '-to-me)  \_1t6p1j,  pupil;  lurifiveiv,  to 
cut  out].      See  Iridectomy,  and  Pupil,  Artificial. 

Corectopia    (kor-ek-to'  -pe-ah)     \_KOprj,    pupil  ; 

misplaced].  An  anomalous  position  of  the  pupil ; 
displacement  of  the  pupil. 

Coredialysis  (kor-e-di-al'-is-is)  [nopr/,  pupil  ;  Siakveiv, 
to  liberate].  The  production  of  an  artificial  pupil  at 
the  ciliary  border  of  the  iris. 

Corediastasis  (kor-e-di-as'  -tas-is)  [tcbpri,  pupil  ;  Sidara- 
aiq,  dilatation].      Dilatation  of  the  pupil. 

Corelysis  (kor-el'-is-is)  [nbpr/,  pupil ;  Xvaig,  a  loosen- 
ing]. The  detachment  of  iritic  adhesions  to  the  lens, 
or  to  the  cornea. 

Coremorphosis  ( kor-e-mor' -fo-sis)  [nopr],  pupil ;  uopo- 
uoic,  formation].      See  Pupil,  Artificial. 

Corenclisis  (kor-en-kli'-sis)  [_n6pjj,  pupil;  hyicXsiaig,  in- 
clusion]. The  formation  of  a  new  pupil  by  displace- 
ment, the  iris  being  drawn  aside  and  in  part  excised. 

Coreometer    {kor-e-ond -et-er)    \_Kopq,    pupil, 

measure].  An  instrument  for  measuring  the  pupil  of 
the  eye. 

Corephthisis  (kor-ef  '-tis-is)  [ndpi/,  pupil ;  o"/ovf,  a 
wasting].      See  Corophthisis. 

Coreplasty  (kor'-e-plas-te).      See  Pupil,  Artificial. 

Coreses  (kor'-es-ez)  [K<>ptr,  a  bed-bug].  In  botany, 
reddish  discoid  bodies  found  beneath  the  skin  of 
grapes. 

Coretomy  {kor-etf -o-me)   \pnpv,  pupil  ;    -  to  cut]. 

[ridotomy  or  iridectomy;  any  surgical  cutting  opera- 
tion on  the  iris. 

Coriaceous  [kor-e-a' -she-u  um,  leather].    In  biol- 

ogy,  leathery. 

Coriamyrtin  \kore-am-er' -tin)  [corium,a  hide;  myr- 
tus,  myrtle].  An  exceedingly  poisonous  principle,  a 
glucosid,  obtained  from  the  fruit  of  ( 'oriaria  myrtifolia. 

Coriander,  or  Coriandrum  (ko-re-an'-der,  ko-re-an'- 
drum)       [/co  coriander].        Coriander.       The 

fruit  of  C.  sativum,  an  aromatic  carminative  and  stim- 
ulant, used  mainly  to  give  flavor  to  other  remedies  and 
as  a  corrective  to  griping  purgatives.  Dose  gr.  j-xx. 
C,  Ol  .  the  volatile  oil.      Dose  m__  ij-v. 


RI ARI A 


330 


O  IRONAL 


Coriaria  i^  ]■  A  genus  of  poisonous 
shr  ographic 
distribution.  C.  myrtifolia.  used  in  dyeing  and  tan- 
ning, h  nous  berries  and  shoots,  rhe  seeds 
and  shoots  of  C.  sarmentosu  ol  N<  «  Zealand  afford 
wi.  The  memorj  i-    said  t" 

ing   by    iliis 
int.      I  In 

Corium  1    .  leather].      1  in-  deep  lay< 

the  cul 

Cork  .    bark]        A    substance   obtai 

rl   of  the   sub-epidermic    bark,   of 

.  "I  the 

v  used  in  pharmacy, 
:n  surgery.     C.-oak.     See  Oak- 
C. -black.     - 
Corm  the  trunk  of  a  tree].     The   bulb- 

rtain  plants,  as  the  crocus. 

Cormophyte  .  the  trunk  of  a  tree  ; 

a  plant].     In  biology,  a  term  formerly  applied 

ms   and    flowering  plants — to  all 

and  leaves. 

Cormus  ,  a  tree-trunk :  pi.,  Cormi\ 

In  if   animals,    associated    "  per- 

Corn  .  horn].      A  local    induration   and   thicken- 

of  the  skin  from  friction  or  pressure.     See  Claims. 

C. -flower.  taurea.   C. -plaster,  a  thick  plaster 

■    a  corn,   sometimes   as   a   direct   curative 

nt.  and  sometimes  to  prevent  pressure  and   friction 

m   the   .-hoe.      C.-silk.  the   long,  thread-like  styles 

iian     corn,    gathered     while     still     green     and 

ulent.     It  i>  used  occasionally  to  relieve  the  pain 

chronic   and   subacute    cystitis,   and  is 

immended  for  gonorrhea,  gravel,  rheumatism, 

it,  etc.      Dose  of  the  tincture  ,^ss  toj.     See  Zea 

C.-smut.    See  Ustilago.    C. -starch,  the  com- 

mercial   name  of  a  starch  derived  from   maize,  and 

1   as  an  article  of  food,  especially  for 

inv.i 

Cornalia's    Corpuscles.     See  Bacteria,   Synonymatic 

Cornalian    Corpuscles.     See    Bacteria,    Synonymatic 

Corne's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 
Cornea  i  (■•  r'-nc-ah)  [  .  horny].     The  transparent 

anterior   portion   of   the   eyeball,   its    area    occupying 
sixth  the  circumference  of  the  globe.      It  is 
-  .vith  the  sclerotic,  and  is  nourished  by  lymph 
I  Mo.  nl-vessels  at  its  peripheral  border. 
It  posteriorly  by  Descemet's  membrane  ;  the 

firmly   adherent   to   its    substance    in 
C,   Conical.     See   Keratoglobus.      C,   Leu- 
koma of.     See   Leukoma.     C,  Tattooing  of.     See 
C .,  Transplantation  of,  the  operation  of 
'ion  of  ti  it  cornea  from  some 

animal  portion  of  leuko- 

Cornea.  ,horny].     Relating  to  the 

C.  Reflex.     Si  e  I: 
Cornein  -     -  .    homy],   '  :„IIn\,,0„. 

and  C<  rtain  coral-.. 
Corneit. 

Corneocalcareous  us)     [corneus, 

lime].      In   biology, 

nces. 

Corneosilicious  .  horny; 

to    flint].       In    biology,  applied   to 

y  and  silicious  substances. 

Corneous  horny].      Horny,   ot 

hon  C.  Tissue,  the  substanceof  the  nails. 

c°rr>et  ■ .  J.      .\  5mall  ear  trum- 


pet worn  within  the  auricula,  and  sometimes  concealed 
by  the  hail  of  the  wi 

Comic  Acid  (koi^-nik).     See  Cornin. 

Cornicle  [kor^-nik-l)  [corniculum,  dim.  of  cornu,  a 
horn].  In  biology,  one  of  the  horn-like  excretory 
ducts  on  the  back  of  a  plant  louse. 

Corniculum  {kor-nik'-u  turn)   [cornieula,  a  little  horn: 
pi..  Cornieula'].      A  small  cornu  or  horn-like  proci 
C.  laryngis,  a  small,  hum  shaped  mas-  of  cartilage 
.m  the  arytenoid  cartilages;  called  also  the  Cartilages 
of  Santorini. 

Cornification     [kor-nif-ik-af -shun)     [corneus,    horny, 
facere,  to  make].     The  process  of  hardening  or  mak- 
]  horny. 

Corniform  [kor/-nif-orm)  [cornu,  a  horn;  forma, 
shape].     In  biology,  shaped  like  the  hom  of  an  ox. 

Cornin  [kor^-nin)  [corneus,  homy].  A  precipitate 
from  the  tincture  of  the  bark  of  Dogwood,  Cornus 
florida  ;  it  occurs  in  white,  silky,  bitter  crystals,  and 
i-  a  tonic,  stimulant,  and  astringent.  Dose  two  to 
four  grains.      Unof. 

Coming's  Method.     See  Treatment,  Methods  of. 

Cornu  [kor^-nu)  [L.  :  pi.,  Cornua].  A  horn.  A  name 
applied  to  any  excrescence  resembling  a  horn.  C. 
ammonis,  the  hippocampus  major  of  the  brain.  C. 
cervi,  hartshorn  or  ammonium  hydrate.  C.  cuta- 
neum,  cornu  humanum,  a  horn  or  excrescence  arising 
from  the  skin,  with  a  deeper  portion  imbedded  within. 
These  horns  vary  in  shape  and  size,  and  may  resemble 
the  horns  of  lower  animals.  They  are  solid,  dry, 
dense,  -month  or  corrugated,  laminated  or  excavated  on 
the  surface,often  elongated  and  conical  at  the  extremity. 
In  color  they  are  white,  gray,  yellow,  brown,  or 
black.  They  may  be  single  or  multiple,  and  may  in- 
volve any  region  of  the  body,  though  usually  seen  on 
the  scalp  and  face.  They  are  likely  to  recur  on  re- 
moval. C.  humanum.  See  C.  cutaneum.  C.  sacri, 
the  prominence  on  each  bone  of  the  sacrum. 

Cornual  (korf-nu-al\  [cornu,  a  horn].  Relating  to  a 
cornu.  C.  Myelitis,  myelitis  affecting  the  anterior 
cornua  of  the   spinal   cord. 

Cornuan's  Operation.     See    Opera/ions.  Tabic  of. 

Cornus  (kor'-nus)  [L.].  Dogwood.  The  bark  of  the 
root  of  C.  florida,  with  properties  due  to  a  crystalline 
principle,  cornin.  It  is  a  simple  stomachic,  bitter  and 
somewhat  antiperiodic.    C,  Fid.  Ext.     DosetT^x—  5jj. 

Comutin  [kor-nu'-tin).  One  of  the  poisonous  basic 
principles  or  alkaloids  of  Ergot.      Unof. 

Coroclisis,  or  Corocleisis  {ko-ro-kW '-sis)  [K6ptf,  pu- 
pil ;  K/nmc,  a  closure].  Pathologic  closure  or  oblit- 
eration of  the  pupil. 

Corodialysis  [kor-o-di-aP '-is-is)[K6p/j,  the  pupil;  StAXvaic, 
a  loosening].      See   IridoJialvsis. 

Corodiastasis  {kor-o-di-as' '-tas-is)  [ndpy,  the  pupil; 
Staaraaiq,  separation].      Dilatation  of  the  pupil. 

Corolla  (ko-fol'-ah)  [corolla,  dim.  ol  corona,  a  crown]. 
In  biology,  the  inner  floral  envelop. 

Corona  [ko-ror-nah)  [coronay  a  garland].  A  crown. 
See,  also,  Capsula.  C.  ciliaris,  the  ciliary  ligament. 
C.  dentis,  the  crown  of  a  tooth,  a.  v.  C.  glandis, 
the  ridge  of  the  r^lans  penis.  C.  ovariana,  the  i 
centic  area  of  tympany  above  the  area  of  dulness 
in  cases  of  ovarian  tumor.  C.  radiata,  a  radiating 
mass  of  white  brain-sub  :  nding  from  the  in- 

ternal  capsule  to  the  cortex   cerebri.      C.  veneris,  a 
circle  of  syphilitic  blotches  occurring  on  the  forehead; 
mo,  dependent  upon  caries  or  inflammation  of 
Hi,    frontal  bone. 

Coronad  {korf-o-nad)  [corona,  the  crown;  mi,  to]. 
Toward  the  coronal  aspect  of  the  head. 

Coronal  [kor-o,-nal)  [corona,  the  crown].  Pertain- 
in''  to   the  crown  of  the  head.      C.  Intestine.     See 


CORONA MEN 


331 


CORPUSCLE 


Perogaster.      C.  Suture,  the  suture  joining  the  frontal 
with  the  two  parietal  In  mo. 

Coronamen  {kor-o-na'-men)  [I..,  a  crowning:  //., 
Coronamina\     Same  as  Coronet. 

Coronary  [kor1 '-o-na-re)  [corona,  a  crown].  A  term 
w\  iplied  to  vessels,  nerves,  or  attachments  thai  encircle 
a  part  or  organ.  C.  Bone,  the  small  pastern  or  me- 
dian phalanx  of  a  horse's  foot. 

Coronate  \ko>'  o-nat )  [coronatus,  to  crown].  In  bi- 
ology, provided  with  a  crown. 

Coronen  {ko-ro'-neri)  [corona,  a  crown].  Belonging 
to  the  corona  in  itself. 

Coroner  [kor'-o-ner)  [coronator,  a  crown,  an  officer  ap- 
pointed by  the  Crown].  An  officer  who  inquires  by 
authority  of  the  law  into  the  causes  of  deaths  of 
sudden  or  violent  occurrence.  C,  Inquest  of,  the 
legal  inquiry  before  a  jury  into  the  cause  of  a  sudden 
or  violent  death. 

Coronet  (kor'-o-nct)  [Fr.,  coronette,  dim.  of  corone,  a 
crown].  I.  In  biology,  a  crowning  circle  of  hairs. 
2.  In  veterinary  surgery,  the  lowest  part  of  the  pas- 
tern of  the  hoof,  also  called  coronamen. 

Coronilla  [kor-o-nil* '-ah)  [dim.  of  corona,  a  crown]. 
A  genus  of  leguminous  herbs.  C.  emerus  is  purga- 
tive. C.  scorpeoides,  abundant  in  southwestern 
Europe,  has  doubtful  value  in  cardiac  affections  when 
increased  amplitude  of  pulsation  is  required.  C.  varia 
is  diuretic,  purgative,  and  poisonous.      Unof. 

Coronillin  [kor-o-nil'  -in)  [dim.  of  corona,  a  crown]. 
A  glucosid  from  Coronilla  scorpeoides  ;  it  is  said  to 
be  a  diuretic  cardiant. 

Corono-basilar  [kor-o-no-bar-sil-ar)  [corona,  a  crown  ; 
basis,  the  base].  Extending  from  the  coronal  suture 
to  the  basilar  aspect  of  the  head. 

Coronofacial  [kor-o-no-fa' 'shal )  [corona,  crown  ;  fades, 
face].  Relating  to  the  crown  of  the  head  and  to  the 
face. 

Coronoid  (kor'-o-noid)  [corona,  crown;  ehhr,  like- 
ness]. Crown-shaped;  as  the  C.  process  of  the 
ulna  or  of  the  jaw. 

Coronule  (kor'  -o-niil)  [coronula,  dim.  of  corona,  a 
crown].  In  biology,  the  tuft  of  down  forming  a 
crown  to  certain  seeds. 

Corophthisis  (ko-roff'-tis-is)  [n6pri,  pupil  ;  0'toiq,  a 
wasting].  Habitual  or  permanent  contraction  of  the 
pupil  due  to  a  wasting  disease  of  the  eye. 

Corpora  (kor'-por-ah )  [pi .  of  corpus,  a  body] .  A  general 
term  applied  to  certain  parts  of  the  body  having  a 
rounded  or  ovoid  shape.  C.  albicantia.  See  C.  mam- 
millaria.  C.  arantii,  the  tubercles,  one  in  the  center  of 
each  segment  of  the  semilunar  valves.  C.  cavernosa, 
the  cylindric  bodies  of  erectile  tissue  forming  the  chief 
part  of  the  penis.  Also  the  two  masses  of  erectile 
ti>sue  composing  the  clitoris.  See  Penis.  C.  geni- 
culata,  two  small  eminences  projecting  from  the  optic 
thalami.  C.  libera  ar- 
ticulorum.  Mures  Ar- 
ticulorum  ;  joint  -  mice  ; 
loose  bodies,  either  fibro- 
matous,  lipomatous,  or 
chondromatous  in  nature, 
occurring  occasionally  in  i  I 
joints.  They  vary  in  size 
from  that  of  a  pea  to  that 
of  a  walnut,  and  are  of  all 
shapes.  They  are  most 
frequent  in  the  knee-joint. 
They  are  of  traumatic  Corpora  Cavernosa  and  Ad- 
origin.  C.  mammilla-  jacent  Parts.  (Potter.) 
ria.  Corpora  albicantia;  '•  Corpora  cavernosa.  2.  Cor- 
the  mamillary  bodies  J«?„.S,7f  ^Tri^Tl 
of  the   brain.      1  hey  are    Nerves. 


formed  by  the  spreading  out  on  the  surface  of  Oud- 
den's  ganglion  and  an  adjoining  ^an^l ion  of  the  some- 
what interwoven  fibers  of  Gudden\  and  \  i<  <)  d  Azyr's 
bundles.  They  form  the  bulbs  of  the  fornix.  C. 
olivaria,  the  two  oval  masses  behind  the  pyramids 
ol  tin-  medulla  oblongata.  C.  oryzoidea,  the  rice- 
like corpuscles  or  melon-seed  bodies  of  hygromata. 
C.  pyramidalia,  tin-  two  bundles  of  white  matter  of 
the  medulla  oblongata,  situated  below  the  pons  varolii. 
C.  quadrigemina,  the  optii  lobes  of  the  brain,  the 
four  rounded  eminences  situated  under  the  corpus  cal- 
losum.  The  anterior  pair  arc  called  the  nates,  and 
the  posterior,  the  testes.  C.  restiformia.  the  large 
columns  or  cord-like  bodies  extending  from  tin-  me- 
dulla to  the  cerebrum.  C.  striata,  two  organs,  one 
in  each  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain,  composed  of  the 
caudate  and  lenticular  nuclei.  The  first,  or  intra- 
ventricular portion,  extends  into  the  lateral  ventricle. 
C.  wolffiana,  the  "primordial  kidney." 

Corporeal  {kor-por^-e-al)  [corpus,  a.  body].  Pertain- 
ing to  the  body.  C.  Endometritis.  See  Endome- 
tritis . 

Corpse  (korps)  [ME.,  corps,  a  dead  body].  See  Cada- 
ver. C. -plant,  the  Monotropa  uniflora,  a  singular 
saprophytic  plant  of  Asia  and  N.  America  ;  it  is  a 
popular  remedy  for  epilepsy  and  for  sore-eyes.      Unof. 

Corpulency  {kor1 '-pu-len-se)  [corpulentus,  corpulent]. 
Obesity  ;  fatness  of  the  body. 

Corpulent  {kor' -pu- lent)  [corpulentus,  corpulent].  Ex- 
cessively fat ;  obese. 

Corpus  (kor' -pus)  [corpus,  a  body :  //.,  Corpora\  A 
body  ;  the  human  body.  C.  of  Arantius.  See  Cor- 
pora. C.  callosum.  See  Commissure.  C.  caver- 
nosum  vaginae,  the  spongy  tissue  of  the  vagina.  C. 
candicans,  corpus  mamillare  ;  a  small  white  tubercle 
lying  on  the  base  of  the  brain,  one  on  each  side  under 
the  thalamus.  The  two  form  the  boundary-point 
between  the  fore-brain  and  inter-brain ;  each  is  com- 
posed of  three  nuclei.  C.  ciliare,  the  ciliary  body 
of  the  eye.  C.  dentatum.  See  Olivary  Body.  Also  a 
ganglion  of  the  cerebellum,  an  open  bag  or  capsule  of 
gray  matter,  on  section  of  a  dentated  outline,  and 
open  anteriorly.  C.  highmorianum,  the  mediastinum 
of  the  testis,  a  reflection  inward  of  the  tunica  albuginea 
into  the  testicle  at  its  posterior  border.  C.  fimbriatum, 
the  lateral  thin  edge  of  the  taenia  hippocampi.  See 
also  Fimbria.  C.  luteum,  the  yellow  body.  Hyper- 
trophy of  the  membrana  propria,  or  reticulata  of  the 
ovisac,  after  the  escape  of  the  ovule.  C.  L.,  False, 
that  resulting  when  pregnancy  does  not  occur,  called 
also  the  C.  L.  of  Menstruation.  C.  L.,  True,  that  re- 
sulting when  pregnancy  takes  place,  called  also  the  C. 
L.  of  Pregnancy,  and  differing  in  several  respects 
from  the  tir-t .     C.  mamillare.     v  us  candicans. 

C.  pampiniforme,  the  parovarium.  C.  spongiosum, 
the  spongy  body  enclosing  the  urethra,  etc.  C.  stri- 
atum. See  Corpora.  C.  trapezoides,  the  arbor  of 
the  cerebellum.  C.  trigonum.  See  Trigonum  vesica. 
C.  uteri.  See  Uterus.  C.  vertebrae.  See  Centrum. 
C.  Vitreum.     See  Vitreous  Humor. 

Corpuscle  (kor'-pus-l)  [dim.  of  corpus"].  A  name 
loosely  applied  to  almost  any  small,  rounded,  or  oval 
body.  C.,  Bizzozero's.  See  Blood-platelets.  C.  of 
Blood,  the  minute,  biconcave,  flat  discs,  circular  in 
man,  elliptic  in  the  camel,  and  oval  in  birds  and 
reptiles.  They  are  distinguished  a-  red  and  white,  or 
colorless.  Red  corpuscles  have  been  divided,  accord- 
ing to  their  size,  into  normoblasts  (normal  in  size). 
megaloblasts  or  megalocytes  (of  excessive  size), 
microblasts  or  microcytes  (abnormally  small),  and 
poikiloblasts  or  poikilocytes  (of  irregular  shape 
and  size).     The  red  corpuscles  in  the  blood  of  man 


<  ORPUSI  I  E 


(  l  |RR<  »SU  '\ 


in.   in  diameter  and  n    thick. 

Th.  iraglobulin, 

cholesterin,  lecithin,  and  oeurin)  infiltrated  with  co 

I  be   white   or  colorless 

corpuscles  arc  flattened,  binucleated  or  trinucleated 

,.    La   diameter,  and  cxi^t  in  the 

i      ;  - .  |  with  red  corpuscles.      I  bey 

r,   alter  tluir  shape   readily, 

|y  resemble  ami 

st  numerous  in  venous  blood.     The  color- 

Lesignated  as  eosinophil*, 

:r,  lym- 

C.  of  Donne. 

C,  Eichhorst's,  a  special 

id  of  those  suffering  from 

C,  Gluge's,  a  variety  of  large 

cells  ning  fat-drops,  myelin,  or  detritus.     They 

Cells  and  Infiamma- 


\ 


'/ 


Cor  i  Krause. 

i,  i,  i.    Nerve-tubule.     2, 
2,   2.    Its   medullary  sub- 

wann. 

tance 
iter  of 
•    and    the 
1  nuclei. 


Corpuscle  of  Pacini. 
1.    Base,   or    proximal   extremity. 

2.  Summit,  or  distal  extremity. 

3.  Capsules    displaying    nuclei. 

4.  4.  Attachment  of  capsules  to 
sheath  of  nerve-tubule.  5.  Cavity 
of  corpuscle.  6  Nerve-tubule. 
7.  7.  Nerve-tubule  successively 
losing  its  medullary  sheath  and 
neurilemma.  8.  Enlargement  in 
which  it  terminal  Granu- 
lar matter  continuous  with  the 

■his  enlargement. 

C.     of    Krause,  the   spherical  or 
lining    it   the  ends  of   tin-  nerve- 
tub'  from  a  nerve-plexus,     rhey  occur 
in  <  »  of  the  lips,  and  various 
lul.tr  surfaces.     C,  Malpighian,  a 
cor]   iscles,   and   to  the 
C.  of  Neumann,  the  nucleated 
the  blood  seen   after  repi 
C,    Norris's      Invisible, 

of  the  same   size  as   the 
•  ause  their  colorand 
if  tin-  liqui 
I  by  Non  '-1  normally 

that 

bin.     C,   Pacinian,  certain 

cellular 

C.  of  Purkinje. 

C,  Shadow.    S  C. 

Tactile,  of  Wagner,  the  small,  nnd 


Tactile  Corpus- 
cle WITH    TWO 

Lobes. 


in  the  papillae  of  the  skin  and  enveloped  by  nerve 
fibers.     C.  of  v.  Troltsch,  a  name  formerly  given  to 
a  si  ries  <•!   lymph-channels  between  the  two  layers  of 
the  lamina  propria  of  the  ear.     They 
arc    spindle  shaped   on    longitudinal 
tion    and    stellate   on    transvi  rse 
section,  and  are  lined  with  endothe- 
lium.     C,    Valentin's,    the    small, 
roundish   amyloid    bodies    found    in 
nerve-substance.     C,  Weber's,  the 
sinus  pocularis. 

Corpuscula  [kor-pus' '-ku-lah)  [1 ..]. 
Plural  of  Corpusculum.  C.  margi- 
nalia, in  biology,  the  marginal  sense- 
organs  of  Medu 

Corpuscular  [kor-pus' -ku-lar)  \cor- 
puscuhtm,  a  little  body].  Relating 
to  or  of  the  nature  ol  a  corpuscle. 

Corpusculation  [kor-pus-ku-la'-shun) 
[corpusculum,  a  corpuscle].  .A  con- 
dition in  which  the  corpuscles  of  the 
blood  have  undergone  hyperplasia, 
being  larger  and  more  numerous  than 
normally. 

Corpusculous  [kor-pus' -ku-lus)  \cor- 
pusculum,  a  corpuscle].  Corpuscular. 

Corpusculum  [k  <r-pus'-ku-lum)  [L.  : 
pi.,  Corpuscula].     A  corpuscle. 

Correctant,  or  Corrective  [kor-ek'- 
tant  or  kor-ek' '-tiv)  \corrigere,  to  correct].  1.  Having 
the  power  to  correct  or  to  modify  favorably.  2.  A 
substance  used  to  modify  or  make  more  pleasant  the 
action  of  a  purgative  or  other  remedy. 

Correction  [kor-ek'-shun)  \correctus ;  corrigere,  to 
amend].  The  rectification  of  any  abnormality  (as  a 
refractive  or  muscular  defect),  or  of  any  undesirable 
quality  (as  in  a  medicine). 

Correlated  [kor'-el-a-ted)  [correlatus,  related].  Inter- 
dependent;  related.      C.  Atrophy.     See  .{trophy. 

Correlation  [kor-el-a1 '-shun)  [correlatus,  related].      In 
terdependence ;   relationship. 

Corrigan's  Button.  A  cautery-iron.  It  consists  of  a 
button  of  iron,  ^  inch  in  diameter  by  '4  inch  thick, 
fastened  in  a  wooden  handle  by  a  rod  2  inches  long. 
C.  Cautery.  Same  as  C.  Button.  C.  Disease.  See 
Diseases,  Table  of.  C.  Line.  See  Signs  and  Symp- 
toms, Table  of,  and  Line.  C.  Pulse,  water-hammer 
pulse.  The  jerking  pulse  of  aortic  regurgitation. 
The  volume  of  the  pulse  is  large,  owing  to  the  hypei 
trophy  and  dilatation  of  the  left  ventricle  :  hence  there  is 
a  sudden  expansion  of  the  arteries.  The  regurgitation 
of  the  blood,  however,  as  suddenly  empties  'he  artery, 
and  the  puKe  wave  subsides  rapidly.  The  peculiarities 
of  the  radial  pulse  may  usuall)  l»-  intensified  by  rais- 
ing the  hand.  It  i-  also  called  the  collapsing,  speakin  . , 
reading,  locomotive,  kicking,  and  shuttle  pulse. 
Pulse,  and  Signs  and  Symptoms,   7h/>/ 

Corrigent  [kor'-ij-en  ;   e  Corrective. 

Corroborant  [kor-ob'-o-rant)  \corroborans,  strengthen- 
ing]. 1.  Tonic  :  strengthening.  2.  A  strengthening 
medicine. 

Corrosion  [kor-o'-ehun)  \corrodere,  to  corrode].     The 
process  of  corroding,  or   the    -tale  of  being  corroded. 
C. -anatomy,  the  preparation  of  any  anatomic  s] 
men  by  means  of  a  corrosive  process  that  eats  away 
tho^e    parts    which    it    i-   not    desired    to   preserve.       In 
some  cases  a  resisting-substance  is  injected,  so  a 
preserve  the  vessels  and  duct--  from  corrosion.     C- 
preparation,  one  in  which  the  vessels,  ducts,  or  cavi 
ties  "i  organs  are  idled  bj  a  fluid  that  will  harden  and 
the   shape    of  :  el    or  cavity  after  the 

an  itself  i-  corroded  or  digested  or  otherwise  de- 


(OKROSIVK 


:;:;:; 


I  I  \ 


stroyed,  the  cast  remaining.  Three  methods  are  used: 
i.  The  injection  i-  composed  of  rosin  ami  white  wax 

colored  with  paint,  dissolved  in  balsam  of  copaiba  ; 
after  the  injection,  the  organ  is  destroyed  b)  hydro 
chloric  acid  ami   water.      2.  ■        Fusiform   Metal, 

consisting  of  7  parts  of  bismuth,  4  parts  lead,  2  parts 
tin,  and  i  part  cadmium.     The  tissues  are  destro 
by  caustic  potash.     .}■   Celloidin:   The  cold  celloidin 
is  slowly  and  forcibly  injected  by  a  syringe,  and  the 
soft  parts  eaten  by  an  acid  or  a  digesting  iluid. 

Corrosive  [ko  1  [con,  intensive ;  rodere,  to  gnaw]. 

A  substance  that  destroy-  organic  tissue  cither  by 
direct  chetnic  means  or  by  causing  inflammation  and 
suppuration.  C.  Chlorid,  mercuric  chlorid.  C. 
Sublimate.  See  Hydrargyrum.  C. -sublimate 
Bath.     See  Bath. 

Corroval  [kot^-o-val).  A  variety  of  curare,  or  arrow- 
poison  ;   a  cardiac  and  muscular  paralyzant. 

Corrovalin  [kor-o'-val-in).  A  poisonous  alkaloid  ob- 
tained from  corroval.      Unof. 

Corrugator  [kor1 '-u-ga-tor)  [corrugere,  to  wrinkle]. 
That  which  wrinkles.      Sic  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Corset  {kor' -set)  [F. ,  dim.  of  cors,  body].  In  sur- 
gery, an  investment  for  the  abdomen  or  chest,  or  both; 
useful  in  some  spinal  disorders  and  deformities,  and 
in  fractures  or  injuries  of  the  thoracic  walls.  C. -liver, 
a  liver  characterized  by  a  furrow  resulting  from  the 
pressure  exerted  by  a  corset  and  situated  chiefly  in 
the  right  lobe.  It  is  due  to  habitual  tight  lacing,  and 
hence  is  found  in  women  and,  rarely,  among  soldiers. 
If  extreme,  the  furrow  can  be  felt  along  the  margin 
of  the  ribs  if  the  abdominal  walls  are  lax. 

Corsican  Moss.  A  mixture  of  fragments  of  various 
seaweeds,  brought  from  Corsica,  etc.  ;  called,  also, 
helminthochorton.  It  is  said  to  be  alterative,  febri- 
fuge, anthelmintic,  and  nutritious.      Unof. 

Corson's  Paint.  A  substance  used  as  a  means  of  coun- 
ter-irritation. It  consists  of  croton  oil  2  drams,  ether 
4  drams,  compound  tincture  of  iodin  sufficient  to  make 
2  ounces.  Paint  over  the  affected  part  with  a  camel' s- 
hair  pencil  once  daily. 

Cortex  (kor'-teks)  [L. ,  bark].  The  bark  of  an  exo- 
genous plant.  C.  aurantii,  orange-peel.  C.  cerebri, 
the  external  layer  of  gray  matter  of  the  brain.  C. 
renalis,  the  cortical  substance  of  the  kidney. 

Corti  (kor'-te).  A  celebrated  Italian  anatomist,  1729- 
1813.  C,  Arch  of.  SeeArck.  C,  Canal  of.  See 
Canal.  C,  Cells  of,  the  external  hair-cells  of  the  organ 
of  Corti.  Seed?//.  C,  Fibers  of,  the  rods  of  Corti.  C, 
Ganglion  of.  See  Ganglia,  Table  of.  C,  Membrane 
of.  See  Membrane.  C  Organ  of,  a  series  of  some 
3000  arches  upon  the  floor  of  the  basilar  membrane 
within  the  ductus  cochlearis  of  the  internal  ear.  C, 
Pillars  of,  the  rods  of  Corti.  C,  Rods  of,  the  pil- 
lars of  the  arch  of  the  organ  of  Corti.  C,  Rolls  of, 
the  fibers  forming  the  inner  limb  of  the  arches  of 
Corti.  C,  Tunnel  of,  a  triangular  canal  between 
the  layers  of  the  rods  of  Corti. 

Cortical  (kor' -tik-al )  [cortex,  bark].  Pertaining  to 
the  cortex  or  bark,  or  to  the  cortex  of  the  brain,  or  of 
the  kidney.  C.  Epilepsy,  ('.  Paralysis,  such  as  is 
due  to  a  lesion  of  the  cortical  substance  of  the 
brain. 

Corticiferous  [kor-tis-if-er-us)  [cortex,  bark  ;ferre,  to 
bear].      In  biology,  producing  a  bark. 

Corticin  [kor'-tis-in)  [cortex,  bark].  1.  An  alkaloid 
fmm  poplar-bark.  2.  A  form  of  tannin  from  certain 
wood-barks. 

Corticole  (kor'-tik-ol)  [cortex,  bark  ;  colere,  to  inhabit]. 
In  biology,  growing  on  bark. 

Cortina  [kor-ti1 '-nan)  [cortina,  a  curtain].  In  biology, 
the  marginal  veil  of  certain  fungi. 


Corviform     [kor* '-ve-form)    [eorvus,   a    crow;     forma, 
ipe].     In  biology,  resembling  a  crow. 

Corvisart's  Facies.   See  Signs  and  Symptoms,  Tal 

Corybantism  [kor-e-bantt '-izm\   [ 

bantic  frenzy].  Maniacal  frenzy,  with  sleeplessness, 
choreic  exi  itement  and  visual  hallucinations. 

Corydalin  [kor-id/-a/-in)  [icopvda%Xi(,  tin- crested  lark], 
Ci8H19N04.  A  precipitate  from  the  tincture  of  the 
r<>, ,t  of  Corydalis  formosa ;  it  i-  tonic,  diuretic,  anti- 
syphilitic,  resolvent,  etc.      hose  i  to  5  grains.      Unof. 

Corydalis  [kor-id'  vdaXUg,  the  crested  lark]. 

Turke)  corn.     The  tuber  of  C.fornu  ntra  can- 

adensis), a  tonic,  diuretic,  and  alterative.  Doseof  fid. 
ext.  IT\x-xl.  Corydalin,  the  alkaloid.  Dosegr.  j-v. 
Unof. 

Corymb  {kor'-imb)  [  .  a  head  or  cluster  of  fruit 

or  flowers].  In  biology,  a  flower-cluster  on  the  inde- 
terminate plan,  in  which  the  axis  i-  somewhat  short- 
ened and  the  pedicels  of  the  lower  flowers  somewhat 
lengthened,  so  :t-  to  form  a  flat-topped  clust 

Corymbose  [kor-im' '-60s)  [no/iv/iSor,  a  flower-cluster]. 
In  biology,  corymb-like,  or  arranged  in  corymbs.  C. 
Eruption,  a  variety  of  the  eruption  of  smallpox  in 
which  it  shows  itself  in  patches  or  clusters  the  size  of 
the  hand,  as  thickly  set  as  possible,  while  the  surround- 
ing skin  often  remains  entirely  free.  The  grouping 
may  be  symmetrically  distributed.  This  variety  of 
small-pox  is  very  dangerous. 

Coryphodont   1  kor-if -o-dont)    [icopv<pf/,   summit  ;    0 

>>VT-)  tooth].     In  biology,  having  teeth  with  pointed 
cusps . 

Corysterium  [kor-is-te1 '-re-um)  [ko  uo~r  .  one  having  a 
helmet].  In  biology,  an  onjan  found  in  the  abdomen 
of  certain  female  insects,  that  -ecretes  a  jelly-like  pro- 
tective envelop  for  the  eggs. 

Coryza  (ko-ri'-zak  )  [Kdpvg,  m'>m-~n.  the  head].  Catarrh  of 
the  muci  »us  membrane  of  the  nasal  passages  and  adjacent 
sinuses,  popularly  called  a  "  cold  in  the  head." 
Rhinitis.  C.  caseosa,  a  term  applied  I  y  Cozzolino 
to  a  disease  in  which  the  nostril-  are  filled  with  casi 
masses.  C,  Idiosyncratic.  See  Hay-fever.  C. 
maligna.  Synonym  of  Siui[fles  of  the  New-born.  C, 
Periodic  Vasomotor.  See  Hay-fever.  C.  Vaso- 
motor.    Synonym  of  Hay-fever. 

Cosme's  Paste.      See  Ilcbrd s  Arsenical  Paste. 

Cosmesis  (koz-me> '-sis)  (Knauhiv,  to  adorn].  The  art 
of  preserving  or  increasing  beauty. 

Cosmetic  [koz-metf -ik)  [KoafiTfriKdt  .  -  iv,  to  adorn]. 
A  remedy  designed  to  improve  or  to  hide  defei  t  - 
the  skin  or  other  external  part-.  It  may  be  a  white 
powder,  such  as  starch,  magnesic  oxid,  calcium  car- 
bonate (levigated),  zinc  oxid.  mercurous  chlorid,  or 
bismuth  subnitrate  applied  externally,  it  may  be  a  white 
substance  dissolved  in  dilute  alcohol,  which  is  left 
upon  the  face  after  the  evaporation  of  the  solvent ;  or 
it  may  be  a  stimulant  to  the  skin  used  internally,  such 
as  arsenic.  C.  Operation,  a  surgical  operation  to 
give  a  natural  appearance  to  a  defective  or  unsightly 
part. 

Cosmetology  [koz-met-oV -o-je)  [kSo/ietos,  orderly; 
/<<;<></,  science].  The  science  of  the  proper  care  of 
the  body  with  respect  to  cleanliness,  dress,  etc. 

Cosmic  Disease.      Syphilis  of  the  heart-valves. 

Cosmolin  '  mo-lin).     See  Petrolatum. 

Costa  [k  [L.].     A  rib.      See  Tib. 

Costal  (kos'-tal)  [costa,  a  rib].  Pertaining  to  the  ribs. 
C.  Arch,  the  arch  of  the  ribs.  C.  Cartilages,  the 
12  cartilaginous  extensions  of  the  ribs. 

Costalgia  \kos-tal'-je-ah)  [costa,  a  rib;  «/;or,  pain]. 
Intercostal  neuralgia;   pain  in  the  ribs. 

Costen  [kosf-ten)  [costa,  a  rib].  Belonging  to  a  rib  in 
itself. 


PAS!  I 


COUP  1»1"  Si  Mill. 


Coster's  Paste.    A  remedy  of  some  value  in  the  treat 
ment  \i   \-   made    ol  todin 

ims,  in  one   oun«  of  pitch.      This  is  to  be 

nted  upon  the  patch  and  allowed  t"  remain  until 
the  cru-t  which  is  produced  by  the  application  falls  off. 
Costicartilage  a  rib; 

ified 

rib. 

Costicervical 
.1  net  k]       R 
Costicervical^ 

endens  muscle. 

Costispinal  "•'.    the 

niiii.    C. 

muscles.  S 

Costr.  bound].     Consti- 

ted  with 
Costiveness  ■  be  bound]. 

stion  characterized  by  reten- 
i  and  hai 
Costi  -  |     :hx  denoting  con- 

Costotome  ,    rib;   n/tdg,  cutting]. 

A  itting  the  costal  cartilages  in  dis 

Costus  Roo-  utchuk. 

Cotnar  lavian  place-name].      A  rich, 

and  highl)  esteemed  wine  from  Roumania. 

Coto  -    .,  a  cubit].      Coto    Hark.      The  bark  of 

a  tree  native  to  Bolivia.     It  contains  a  bitter  principle, 

H1806,   irritant    to    the    skin    and    mucous 

membranes,      ll  -  utic  properties  arc  not  known. 

It  i-  recommended  for  diarrhea  and  zymotic  fevers  and 

•  of  pulmonary  tuberculosis.     Dose 

:.  j— xv  ;  of  the  lluid  extract  gtt.  v— xv  ;  of 

the  tincture     i        i    |,  L^tt.  x-xxx  ;   of  cotoin,  gr.  ss-j. 

Cotoln  5]        oto,  a  cubit],  CMH18Og.     A 

.    -;ance  found  in  Coto  Bark.  to. 

Cottage-hospital  [kot/-Sf-hos/-pit-al).     A  small  esta- 
nt  for  the  purpose  of  providing  for  the  sick  in 
mall  and  isolated  community. 
Cotting*s  Operation.  ations,  Table  of. 

Cotton  [Ml  "].     Gossypium,  a  white 

h:\ir  that  envelops  the  seeds  of  the  cotton- 
i  fiber  is  very  char- 

It  ]  i  and  collapsed  tube, 

ghtly  twisted  in  a  spiral  form,   with  comparatively 
:  ill  central  opening.     <  hcmically, 
it  (  l  t.  of  pure  cellulose,  ~ 

all  amount  of  fat,  nitrog- 
C,  Absor- 
ber.' d,  by  removal  of  oily  matl 

C.-blue.    -  Blue. 

C. -holder,  near  the    end,  upon 

isted  into  a  pledget.     C.-oil. 

C.-root.  vpium.  C. -phthisis, 

a  pulmonary    disease    occurring    among 

in  inhalation  of  cotton  dust.     C- 

seed  Oil  nr  C.-oil,  oleum  gossypii  .  an  oil 

t       feral 
brownish  yellow 
in  ii    grai  it) 

i  oil  has  a  straw- 

.  nutty  flavor, 

15°  C,  boiling  al  about  6oo° 

poni- 
lulterating  olive,  lard, 

Cotton's  Test. 

Cotunnius,  Aqueduct  of  C,  Canal 

of.  C,    Liquor,   or   Water    of,    the 


perilymph.  See  .l./ua  labyrinthi.  C,  Nerve  of. 
the  naso  palatine.     S  .   .  . 

Cotyledon      [hot-il-e'-dori)     \  a  socket].       \ 

mass  "i  tuft  of  villi  on  the  fetal  side  oi  the  placenta  ; 
not  no  mi.  ill\  preseat  upon  the  human  placenta.  The 
placenta  of  the  ruminant  mammals  has  many  such 
masses,  hence  is  polycotyledonous. 

Cotyloid      i  I)      \_Kuri/i,.  a  cup;   eldog,    form]. 

Cup-shape.     C.  Fossa,  <>r   Cavity,  the  acetabulum. 
C.  Ligament,  surrounds  the  acetabulum.    C.  Notch, 
a  notch  in  the  anterior  and  lower  border  of  the  acel 
abulum. 

Couch-grass  (-.  See  Triticum. 

Couching     [kowch'-ing\      [Fr.,  .  t<>  depress]. 

The  operation,  now  fallen  into  disuse,  "i  depressing  a 
cataractous  lens  into  the  vitreous  chamber,  where  it 
was  left  to  be  absorbed. 

Couerbe's  Test.     Se<  .    Table  of 

Cough  {kof)  [ME.,  cough,  a  cough].  A  sudden  vio- 
lent expiratory  explosion  after  deep  inspiration  and 
el. .Mire  of  the  glottis.  C. -center.  See  Center.  C, 
Trigeminal,  a  reflex  paroxysmal  cough,  occurring  in 
individuals  whose  respiratory  organs  are  perfectlj 
sound,  and  due  to  an  irritation  of  the  trigeminal  fibers 
distributed  to  the  nose,  pharynx  and  external  auditory 
meatus.  O,  Winter,  a  short  troublesome  cough  of 
old  people  due  to  chronic  bronchitis,  and  recurring 
every  winter. 

Coulomb  (/cc>olt>//i/)  [after  Coulomb,  a  French  physi- 
cist]. The  unit  of  measurement  of  electric  quan- 
tity ;  the  quantity  of  electricity  that  passes  during  one 
second  through  a  conductor  having  a  resistance  oi 
ohm,  with  one  volt  of  electromotive  force.  The 
micro-coulomb  is  the  millionth  part  of  this  amount. 

Coulomb's  Law.     See   Law. 

Coumalic  Acid  {koo-mal'-ik).     See  Acid. 

Coumaric  Acid  {koo-mar'-ik).     See  A  id. 

Coumarilic  Acid  {koo-mar-il' '-ik).     See  Acid. 

Coumarin  [koo' '-mar-in),  C9H6<  '..  A  vegetable  proxi- 
mate principle  that  occurs  in  Asperula  odorata,  in  the 
Tonka  bean,  and  in  Melilotus  officinalis.  It  is  solu- 
ble in  hot  water,  readily  so  in  alcohol  and  ether;  it 
crystallizes  in  shining  prisms,  possesses  the  odor  of  the 
Asperula,  ami  melts  at  o-°,  in  the  proportion  oi  - 
grains  to  the  dram.  It  covers  the  odor  ol  iodoform. 
Unof. 

Coumarone  {koo' -mar-on) ,  C8H60.  A  body,  formed 
by  distilling  coumarilic  acid  with  lime.  It  is  present 
in  coal  tar.  It  is  an  oil  that  sinks  in  water,  and  boils 
at  IO90  C. 

Counter-extension  [kownf-ter-eks-tenf-shuri).  See  Ex- 
ion. 

Counter- indication    {kownf  -tcr-in-Jik-a'  -shun).       See 
ntra-indication. 

Counter-irritation  [kown' ' -ter-ir-it-a1 '-shun)  [contra, 
against;   irritare,   to  irritate].      Superficial    and 

illv  produced  inflammation,  in  order  to  exercise  a 

I  up.  .n  some  adjacent  or  deep  seated  morbid 

process.     This  is  generally  accomplished  by  vesicants. 

Counter  -opening  (kown/-ter-op/-en-ing'\  [contra, 
in-i  ;  Ml...  openyng,  an  opening].  An  incision 
in. id.'  in   an    ab  i    cavity,  opposite  to  another, 

nerally  tor  purposes  of  drainage. 

Counter-poison  \k07vn' '-ter-poV  >d  [contra,  against; 
ME.,  poisoun,  poison],  A  poison  given  as  an  anti- 
d.  .i  i|  her  poison. 

Counter-stroke   [kown' '-ler-strok).     See   Contre-coup. 

Country  Fever.     Si  .  Florida.     C.  F.  of  Con- 

stantinople.    Synonym  oi  Mediterranean  I 

Coup   de   Soleil   {koo  duh  so-lay')   [Fr.].      Sunstroke. 


coir  sir  i  mi  I- 


:;:;; 


CRADIN 


Coup  sur  Coup    [koo  sur  kot/)    [Fr.].     Blow    upon 
blow;  a  designation  lor  an  obsolete  method  of  appl) 
ing  venesection;  the  successive  bleedings   following 
each  other  rapidly. 

Couperose     [kupt-rdz)     [Fr.].       Synonym    of     Acn 
rosacea. 

Coupler's  Blue.  See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  C. 
Red.    Same  as  Rosanilin. 

Courses  (kors'-cz).     See  Menses. 

Court  Plaster  [iortplas/-ter).     See  Ichthycolla. 

Courty's  Method.     See  Treatment,  Methods 

Couvade  [koo-vakd'}  [Fr.,  couver,  to  hatch].  Male 
child-bed.  A  custom  o(  certain  savage  tribes  in 
which,  alter  child  birth,  the  father  goes  to  bed,  etc., 
and  the  mother  gets  up,  etc. 

Couveuse  (/  ')  [Fr.].     See  Incubator. 


Tarnier's  Couveuse. 
(From  Fullerton's  "  Obstetric  Nursing:") 

Cover  |7vr;''-rr)  [ME. ,  cuveren,  to  cover].  I.  To  pro- 
tect. 2.  To  copulate  with;  said  of  male  animals.  C- 
correction,  an  arrangement  to  so  adjust  the  lenses  of 
a  microscope  that  the  best  definition  may  be  obtained 
for  varying  thicknesses  of  cover-glasses.  C. -glass, 
in  microscopy,  the  thin  lamina  of  glass  covering  the 
object  mounted  on  the  slide.  It  should  not  exceed 
2^„  inch  in  thickness.  <  )n  account  of  its  effect  on  the 
transmission  of  light,  the  thickness  of  the  cover-glass 
must  be  considered  in  correcting  the  objective.  C- 
glass  Preparation,  the  fixing  and  staining  of  a  fluid 
upon  a  cover-glass.     C.-slip.    Same  as  C. -glass. 

Cow  (/-,<:,',  [AS.,  cu,  cow].  The  female  of  the  genus 
Bos,  ami  of  other  large  animals.  C.-bane.  Water 
Hemlock.  The  leaves  of  Cicuta  virosa,  an  acrid  nar- 
cotic, highly  poisonous  to  cattle,  but  not  affecting 
sheep  and  goats.  It  causes  intoxication  and  spasm. 
It  i-  sometimes  used  externally  as  an  anodyne  in 
rheumatism.  C. -parsnip.  See  Masterwort.  C.-pox, 
C.-pock,  a  variety  of  pock  seen  in  the  cow,  and 
thought  to  correspond  with  smallpox  in  man.  C- 
tree.     See  Brosimum. 

Cowage  {koitZ-aj}  [Hind.,  kawanch,  cowhage].  The 
external  hairs  <<\  tin-  pod  of  Mucuna  pruriens,  used 
in  medicine  as  a  mechanical  vermifuge. 

Cowan-plant  [kow'-an-plant).     See  Alonsenel. 

Cowdie-gum   i  .;'■■  urn)    [nat.  N.  Zeal.].      Codie 

pine  re--in.  The  resinous  juice  from  the  Dammara 
australis,  a  coniferous  tree  of  Xew  Zealand.  It  is 
one  of  the  ingredients  of  copal  varnishes.  It  is  also 
one  of  the  ingredients  of  the  impression-material 
known  as  "  Modeling  Composition."  It  is  one  of  the 
varieties  of  Dammar,  </.  v.,  and  is  also  called  Kauri- 
gum. 

Cowell's  Operation.     See  Operations,   Tab!, 

Cowhage,  Cowitch    (kozo'-aj,  kow'-i  -       Mucuna 

and  Cowage. 

Cowl  [kowl )  [AS  .      •    .a  hood].     A  cover  for  a  chim- 


ney, that    turn-,    with    the  wind    and  iila- 

tion. 
Cowling's    Rule.      A.  rule  for  dosage.       In  his  formula 
the  age  of  the  child  at  the  next  birthda)  is  the  nume 
rator  and    24   the  denominator.      According  to  this, 
the  dose  of  a  child   approaching    lour   years   of  age 

Would    be     .\   =    \    of  tie-   dose   fo]    ail   adult. 

Cowper's  Glands.     See  Gland. 

Cowperitis  {kow-per-i' -tis)  [Cowper,  an  English  anato- 
mist ;  trie,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the  glands 
ot  Cowper,  usually  gonorrheal  in  origin. 

Cowpoxing  [kow-poks'-ing).     Synonym  of  Vaccination. 

Coxa  {koks'-ah)  [coxa,  hip].  'I  he  hip  joint  or  the  hip. 
In  biology,  the  basal  joint  of  the  [eg  ot  an  arthropod, 
abbreviated  from  coxognalhite and  coxopodile,ot  Milne 
Edwards  ;   also  -  lite. 

Coxagra  [koks-a' -grah)  [coxa,  the  hip;  aypa,  seizure]. 
Gout  in  the  hip;   sciatica. 

Coxal  [koks'-al)  [coxa,  the  hip].     Relating  to  the 
or  hip. 

Coxalgia    [koks-al' '-je-ah)    [coxa,  a  hip;  .tin]. 

Pain  in  the  hip-joint.  See  Sciatica,  and  Hip-joint 
Dis 

Coxalgic  ( koks-al' -j/k)  [coxa,  the  hip;  a/.tioc,  pain]. 
Relating  to  coxalgia. 

Coxarthrocace  (koks-arth-rok' -as-e)  [coxa,hip; 
joint;   kok6q,  bad].     A  fungoid  inflammation  of  the 
hip-joint. 

Coxe's  Hive-mixture.     See  Scilla  and  Antimonium. 

Coxecphysis    (koks-ek'-fis-is)    [coxa,    hip  ;     h 

blow  out].  In  biology,  a  branch  springing  from  the 
coxa  of  an  arthropod  ;  synonymous  with  the  epignath- 
ite  and epipodite  of  Milne  Edwards,  and  with  the  podo- 
branchia  of  Huxley  when  it  is  connected  with  the 
branchial  plumes,  as  in  Homarus. 

Coxitis  [koks-i' -tis)  [coxa,  the  hip;  trie,  inflammation]. 
Inflammation  of  the  hip-joint. 

Coxocerite  [koks-os/ -er-it)  [coxa,  the  hip  ;  nepac ,  horn]. 
In  biology,  the  basal  joint  of  the  antenna  of  an  arthro- 
pod. 

Coxodynia  [koks-o-dinr -e-aK)  [coxa,  hip;  tin]. 

Same  as  Coxalgia. 

Coxo-femoral  [koks-o-fem'-or-al)  [coxa,  the  hip; 
femur,  the  thigh-bone].  Relating  to  the  coxa  and  the 
femur. 

Coxopodite  (koks-op'-o-dit)  [coxa,  hip  ;  kovq,  a  foot]. 
See  Coxa. 

Coxotuberculosis  [koks-o-tu-ber-ku-lo'-sis)  [coxa,  the 
hip  ;  tuberculum,  a  tubercle].  Tuberculous  disease  of 
the  hip-joint. 

Crab  L.ouse  (k>-a/>/-/t'7(is)     See   Pedicu 

Crab's-eyes  [krabz'-li  .  Mat,  calcareous  concretions 
{Lapides  cancrorum)  derived  from  the  stomach  of  the 
crab,  and  used  as  a  means  of  removing  foreign  bodies 
from  the  eye.  Also  a  name  for  the  seeds  of  Abrus 
precatorius. 

Crachotement  [kra-shot-mon  (g)')  [Fr.].  A  peculiar 
reflex  following  operations  upon  the  utero  ovarian  or- 
gans, marked  by  a  desire  to  spit,  without  the  ability  to 
do  so.  It  is  usually  accompanied  by  a  tendency  to 
syncope. 

Cracked-metal  Sound.     See   Crack  und. 

Cracked-pot  Sound.  A  peculiar  sound  elicited  by  per- 
cussion over  a  pulmonary  cavity  communicating  with 
a  bn  melius. 

Crackling  [krak'-ling)  [Ml  .  ak  'en,  to  crackle]. 
A  sound  compared  to  that  produced  when  salt  is 
thrown  into  the  fire,  heard  over  a  lung  in  which  soften- 
ing of  tuberculous  deposits  has  begun  to  take  place. 

Cradin  [krad'-iri]  [Kpadi/,  fig-branch].  A  principle 
obtainable  from  tin-  leaves  and  twigs  of  the  common 
tig.      It  is  said  to  be  a  peptic  ferment,  in  some  respects 


I>I  I 


CR  Wll  «    I'  'MY 


lie].      Ii 

,   injured 

C  -< 

. 

of  a 
.  and  in- 
C  -pessary,  a  cradle-shaped 
ie  uterus. 
m]       I  'i  ston 

se  merely  of 

C. -stunt,  arrest    in   mental 

\.    C. -stunted,  arrested 

idy. 

Cramp  \    5p  ismodic  tonic 

with  >harp   pain. 
1:  calf. 

.  and 

C,  Accommo- 

of  the  eye.     C, 

Auctioneer  >es  affect- 

.  aris  oris  muscle. 
C  -  C,   Ballet-dancers', 

>pe- 
by  pain   and 

fcalf. 
upon    the   part-.     C- 
bo:.  C,  Black- 

smith -  C,  Car-drivers', 

-■  d  ;  erhaps 

;pasm  and  weak- 

'  -brakes. 

Chisel.  ing  in  smiths, 

thi  o  mtinuous 
nt.     C,  Cigar- 
maker  n.il  neurosi  s,c<  msist- 

es  of  the 

itions  also  extend 

C,  Cigaret-makers'. 

C,  Clarionet-players',  a  cramp 

■  u    les  experienced 

trument.     C.  Colic, 

by  contrac- 

small   intestines 

C,  Coach- 

rn<"  isionally 

C,  Cornet-players',  a  rare  and 

r     .    in 

d,  from  inability 
C,  Dancers'. 
C.    Elocutionists'. 
C,     Flute-players',     slight 
lly    in    fl 
t.     Also 
band, 
C,  Glass- 
blower  I    and    permanenl 

to  the 
with  wh 
ldbeatc:  ;,u-- 

C,    Himmer.  n's. 


■ 


C,  Hammermen's,  a  spasmodic  affection  of  tin- 
musi  les  "i  the  arm  and  shoulder,  at  times  unattended 
with  pain,  due  to  the  repeated  act  oi  hammering.  C, 
Knitters',  a  peculiar  affection  "t  the  hands  "t  those 
uh>.  knit,  consisting  in  a  contraction  of  the  extensor 
muscles,  with  numbness  oi  the  ends  oi  the  6ngers.  C, 
Milkers',  a  spasmodic  contraction  oi  the  extensors 
and  flexors  of  th  rm  in  consequence  of  continu- 

ous exertion  in  milking.  C,  Milkmaids'.  See  ('.. 
MM  rs' .  C,  Musicians',  .1  genera]  term  including 
pianists'  cramp,  violinists'  cramp,  flutists'  cramp, 
the  cramp  of  clarionet  players,  etc.  C,  Nailsmiths'. 
(  ..  Hammermen's.  C,  Photographers',  a  ran 
professional  neurosis  C,  Pianists',  a  neurosis  of  the 
hands  and    fingers  of  piano-players,  1  d    by 

fatigue,  pain,  and  weakness.  The  pain  extends  up 
the  arm  to  between  the  shoulders.  C,  Piano- 
players'.  See  '.,  Pianists'.  C,  Saltatory.  See 
■  ism.  C,  Sawyers',  peculiar  incoSrdin- 
ated  movements  of  the  saw-arm  and  corresponding 
side  of  the  body,  from  excessive  use.  C,  Scri- 
veners'. Sc<-  ('..  Writers'.  C,  Seamstresses',  a 
fessional  neurosis  consisting  in  a  spastic  condition  1 A 
tin-  flexors  of  the  fingers  from  constantly  plying  tin- 
needle.  C,  Shoemakers'.  SeeSAoesalesmen'sDis, 
C,  Smiths'.  See  C,  Hammermen's.  C,  Speakers'. 
See  Dysphorila  spastica.  C,  Swimmers',  a  painful 
cramp  of  the  muscles  of  the  calf  of  the  leg  of  swimmers, 
frequently  causing  death  by  drowning.  C,  Tailors', 
a  spasmodic  affection  of  the  muscles  of  the  thumb, 
forefinger,  hands,  and  arms,  sometimes  occurring  in 
tailor-,  from  overwork.  C,  Telegraphers',  a  partial 
paralysis  of  the  muscles  of  the  hand  and  lingers  with 
spasm,  produced  by  fatigue  from  long-continued  use 
.■I  Morse's  instrument.  C,  Treadlers',  one  of  the 
professional  neuroses  ;  it  is  met  with  in  treadlers,  and 
consists  in  cramps  of  the  leg-muscles  from  constant  use 
"I  the  machine.  C,  Violinists',  a  painful  tramp 
most  common  in  the  left  shoulder  of  violinists  ;  it  is  due 
to  the  peculiar  position  assumed  in  holding  the  violin. 
C,  Watchmakers',  a  cramp  in  which  there  is  a 
flexion  of  tin- metacarpophalangeal  joints,  with  exten- 
sion of  the  other  joints  of  the  hand.  Also,  an  inability 
to  retain  the  glass  in  the  eye-socket.  C,  Writers', 
Scriveners'  palsy;  a  difficulty  in  writing,  due  to  spas 
modi  action  of  the  muscles  of  the  hand  and  arm,  to 
pain,  i"  tremulousness  of  these  muscles,  or  to  fati 

1  weakness  of  the  extremity.      Th<  titute  the 

four  forms,  spastic,  neuralgic,  tremulous,  and  paralytic. 

Crampton's    Muscle.      See-    Muscles,    Table    of.      C. 
Operations.     See  Operations,   Tabic  of. 

Crampus  [kramf-pus\  [!-]•     An  old  name  for  a  cramp, 
or  for  any  disease  characterized  by  cramp-. 

Cranberry    [kran'  [ME.,  cranebery,   a    berry]. 

The  acid  iruit  of  Vaccinium  /»  and   / '.  macro- 

It  i-  a  popular  material   for  poultices,  and  is 

1  cure  for    carcinoma.      Dnof.     C.-tree. 

See  Viburnum  opulus. 

Crane-bark  [kran'-bark).     Sec  Viburnum  opulus. 

Crane's-bill  Root.     St re  Geranium. 

Craniacromial  ak-rof-me-al\    [>.  ■  nil; 

the  point  of  the  shoulder-blade].      Relating 
to  the  1  ranium  and  the  acromion. 

Cranial  [kra'-ne-al)  \jtpaviov,  the  skull].  Relatin 
the  1  ranium.  C.  Bosses,  flat,  bony  elevation-  oi 
frontal  imes  seen  at  the  angles 

mi.  1  ioi  fi  mtani  1       I  he)  are  said  to  bi   a  pi 
1 .1  hereditary  syphilis. 

Craniectomy  [kra  neck'  /,<  n  skull  ;  i/cropi/, 

out].  The  surgical  removal  of  strips  or 
pieces  of  the  cranial  bones.  It  is  performed  in  cases 
of  m  haly. 


CRANK  >CELE 


3157 


CRANIOSTOSIS 


Craniocele    (kra' -ne-o-sll)     [Kpaviov,    skull;     m/'/'i,    a 

tumor].      Encephalocele,  </.  v. 
Cranioclasis  [kra-ne-ok' '-las-is)  [jcpaviov,  skull;  idAoig, 

a  breaking].     See  Cranioclasm. 

Cranioclasm  (kra'-n, °.-o-klazm)  [Kpaviov,  the  skull ; 
icX&eiv,  to  break].  The  operation  of  breaking  the 
fetal  head  by  mean-  ol  the  cranioclast. 

Cranioclast  Utraf -ne-o-klast)  [upaviov,  skull;  Kkaevu, 
to  break],  A  heavy  forceps  for  crushing  the  fetal 
head. 

Craniodiaclast  [kra-ne-o-dV '-ak-last)  [Kpaviov  skull  ; 
diaK/av,  to  break  into  pieces].  An  instrument  fur 
breaking  the  skull  in  craniotomy. 

Craniodidymus  {kra  ne-o-did' '-im-us)  [Kpaviov,  skull; 
didvpog,  double].      Same  as  Cephalopagus. 

Craniofacial  {kra-ne-o-fa'  -shal)  [Kpaviov,  skull  ;  fades, 
face].  Relating  to  the  cranium  and  the  face;  as  the 
craniofacial  axis,  the  craniofacial  notch,  etc. 

Craniograph  Ikra'-ne-o-grdf)  [Kpaviov,  skull ;  ypdtpeiv, 
to  record].  An  instrument  for  recording  the  outlines 
of  the  skull. 

Craniography  {kra-ne-og^-ra-fe)  [Kpaviov,  the  skull  ; 
yp&Qeiv,  to  write].  That  part  of  descriptive  crani- 
ology  the  object  of  which  is  to  describe  the  parts  or 
regions  of  the  skull  or  bones  of  the  face. 

Cranio-hematoncus  [kra/-ne-o-hem-at-ong,-kus)  \jtpa- 
v/ov,  skull;  alfia,  blood  ;  bynoc,  a  tumor].  Synonym 
of  Cephalhematoma. 

Craniology  ikra-ne-ol'-o-je)  [Kpav'tov,  cranium ;  /oyog, 
science].  A  branch  of  anatomy  based  upon  the  com- 
parative study  of  skulls. 

Craniomalacia  [kra-ne-o-mal-a' '-se-ah).  See  Cranio- 
tabes. 

Craniomandibular  {kra-ne-o-man-dib'  -u-lar)  [Kpav'tov, 
skull;  mandibula,  the  mandible].  Relating  to  the 
skull  and  the  lower  jaw. 

Craniometer  {kra-ne-om'  -et-er)  [Kpaviov,  skull ;  perpov, 
a  measure].  An  instrument  for  gauging  the  dimen- 
sions of  the  skull. 

Craniometric,  Craniometrical  ( kra-ne-o-met'-rik, 
kra-ne-o-metf -rik-al)  [Kpaviov,  skull  ;  perpov,  a  mea- 
sure]. Pertaining  to  craniometry.  C.  Point,  any 
one  of  the  points  of  measurement  used  in  craniom- 
etry. A  list  of  the  craniometric  points  is  given. 
ACANTHION  [aK&vdiov,  a  little  spine],  a  point  in 
the  median  line  of  the  skull  at  the  base  of  the 
nasal  spine.  Alveolar  Point,  the  point  between 
the  two  middle  incisors  of  the  upper  jaw.  Antinion, 
that  point  on  the  glabellum,  and  in  the  median  line, 
that  is  farthest  from  the  inion.  AsTERlON  [adTeptov, 
starry],  the  point  behind  the  ear  where  the  parietal, 
temporal  and  occipital  bones  meet.  Auricular 
Point,  the  center  of  the  orifice  of  the  external  audi- 
tory meatus.  Basion  [basis,  fundament],  the  middle 
point  of  the  anterior  margin  of  the  foramen  magnum. 
BREGMA,  the  point  where  the  coronal  and  sagittal 
sutures  meet.  Dacryon,  or  Dakryon  [daupvov,  a 
tear],  the  point  beside  the  root  of  the  nose  where 
the  frontal,  lachrymal,  and  superior  maxillary  bones 
meet.  Entomion,  the  point  where  the  parietal  notch 
of  the  temporal  bone  receives  the  anterior  extension 
of  the  mastoid  angle  of  the  parietal.  Glabella,  or 
GLABELLUM,  the  point  in  the  median  line  between  the 
superciliary  arches,  marked  by  a  swelling,  sometimes 
by  a  depression.  GNATHION,  same  as  Mental  Point. 
GoNiON.the  point  at  the  angle  of  the  lower  jaw.  HoR- 
MION,  the  anterior  point  of  the  basilar  portion  of  the 
united  spheno-occipital  bone,  where  it  is  crossed  by  the 
median  line.  Inion,  the  external  occipital  protuberance. 
JUGAL  POINT,  the  point  situated  at  the  angle  that  the 
posterior  border  of  the  frontal  branch  of  the  malar 
bone  makes  with  the  superior  border  of  its  zygomatic 


branch.  KORONION,  the  apex  of  the  coronoid  pro- 
cess  "i  the  inferior  maxilla.  Lambda,  the  point  of 
meeting  of  the  sagittal  and  the  lambdoid  sutures. 
M  \i.\k  PoiN  i.  a  point  situated  on  the  tubercle  on  the 
external  surface  of  the  malar  bone,  nr  at  the  intersec- 
tion (,|  a  line  drawn  from  the  external  extremity  of 
the  fronto-malar  suture  to  the  tuben  ]>■  at  the  inferior 
angle  ol  the  malar  bom-  and  a  line  drawn  nearly  hori- 
zontall)  from  the  inferior  border  of  the  orbit  over  the 
malar  bone  to  the  sup<  i  i<  >r  border  of  the  zygomatic  arch. 

Maximum  Occipital  Point,  or  Occipital  Point, 
the  posterior  extremity  of  the  antero-posterior  diameter 
of  the  skull,  measured  lr<>m  the  glabella  in  front  to  the 
most  distant  point  behind.  Mental  POINT,  the 
middle  point  of  the  anterior  lip  of  the  lower  border 
of  the  lower  jaw.  METOPION,  or  METOPN  Point,  a 
point  in  the  middle  line  between  the  two  frontal  emi- 
nences.  NASION,or  Nasal  Point,  the  middle  of  the 
frontal  suture  at  the  root  of  the  nose       I  .  the 

part  of  the  sagittal  suture  between  the  two  parietal 
foramina.  OCCIPITAL  POINT.  See  Maximum  Occi- 
pital Point.  OPHRYON,  the  middle  of  the  supraorbi 
tal  line,  which,  drawn  across  the  narrowest  part  of  the 
forehead,  separates  the  face  frqm  the  cranium.  (  >pis- 
THION,  the  middle  point  of  the  posterior  border  of 
the  foramen  magnum.  PROSTHION,  the  Ah-eolar 
point.  PTERION,  the  point  where  the  frontal,  parie- 
tal, temporal,  and  sphenoid  bones  come  together. 
RHINION,  the  upper  median  point  of  the  anterior 
nasal  opening.  Spinal  Point.  Same  as  Subnasal 
Point.  STEPHANION,  1  NFERIOR,  the  point  where  the 
ridge  for  the  temporal  muscle  intersects  the  coro- 
nal suture.       Stephanion,    Superior,  the    point 

where  the  coronal  suture  crosses  the  temporal  ridge. 
Subnasal  Point,  the  middle  of  the  inferior  border 
of  the  anterior  nares  at  the  base  of  the  nasal  spine. 
Supra-auricular  Point,  the  point  vertically  over 
the  auricular  point  at  the  root  of  the  zygomatic  pro- 
cess. Supranasal  Point.  Same  as  Ophryon. 
Supraorbital  Point.  Same  as  Ophryon.  Sym 
physion,  the  median  point  of  the  outer  border  of  the 
alveolus  of  the  lower  jaw.  Vertex,  the  superior 
point  of  the  skull.  In  obstetrics,  that  conical  portion 
of  the  skull  whose  apex  is  at  the  posterior  fontanel 
and  whose  base  is  formed  by  the  biparietal  and 
trachelo-bregmatic  diameters. 

Craniometry  (kra-ne-om,-et-re)  [Kpaviov,  skull  ;  perpov, 
a  measure].  The  ascertainment  of  the  proporti'n- 
and  measurements  of  skulls,  together  with  the  discus- 
sion of  the  ascertained  facts,  and  the  drawing  of  sci- 
entific inferences  therefrom.  See  An  .  Index, 
Plane,  Point. 

Craniopagus  [kra-ne-op/ -ag-us).     See  Cephalopagus. 

Craniopharyngeal  {kra-ne-o-fa  y in' '-je-at ')  [Kpaviov, 
skull ;  oapv-}:,  the  pharynx].  Relating  to  the  crani- 
um and  the  pharynx. 

Craniophore  (kra'-ne-o-fdr)  [Kpaviov,  cranium  ;  oipetv, 
to  bear].  A  device  for  holding  the  skull  during  cra- 
niometric study. 

Cranioplasty  (  kra' -ne-o-plas-te  )  [Kpaviov,  skull  ; 
-'/naroc,  formed].  The  surgical  restoration  or  cor- 
rection of  cranial  deficiencies. 

Craniosclerosis  {kra-ne-o-skle-ro'  -sis)  [Kpaviov,  skull  ; 
(TK/j/f>6c,  hard].  A  condition  the  antithesis  of  that 
seen  in  craniotabes.  A  thickening  of  the  cranial 
bones,  usually  due  to  rhachitis. 

Cranioscopy  {kran-e-os* -ko-pe).     See  Phrenology. 

Craniostegnosis  [kra-ne-o-steg-no* '-sis)  [Kpaviov,  skull; 
ari-.vt.imt;,  contraction].      Contraction  of  ihe  skull. 

Craniostosis  [kran-e-os-tor -sis)  [Kpaviov,  skull  ;  bareov, 
a  bone].  Congenital  ossification  of  the  cranial 
sutures. 


(RAM'  '1   ' 


«  kl   ^.SOTE 


Craniotabcs 
to  waste  awaj  ]      A 

formatioi 
ihc  bone-substance.     These  pits 
worm  eaten 
most  usually 
parietal 
of  the  other  cranial 
i    u  ithin  out  ■  that  in 

I 

I  lie 

with  the 

i  ;  they  may 

markings  of 

the  .skull.     1  inly  encoun 

that  is,  up  to  the 

s<  rious  on 

lotabetiv.  .  skull ;  ta- 

or   belonging   to 

Craniotome  ill;  rifiveiv,  to 

iniotomy 
Craniotomy  nil;  to:. 

i  lucing  the  size  of  the 

.  ung  ii  up,  when  delivery 
I      ision  of  a  portion 
i  by  Prof.  Lannelongue  in  ca 

isure  upon  the  brain  and 
C  ,  Linear.      See  Crani- 

Craniotractor  !  . ,  skull  ;  trac- 

lesigned  to  be   used 
als  tor. 


hum. 
i 

6.  Lamb- 
|uamo-pari< 

■i  su- 
tal  suture, 
nto-malai 
'    o-maxillar 
lital  foran 

mtal 
torn  of  which  may 


nil].    The  skull 
1,1  ind 


vessels.      It  consists  of  n  bones,  of  which  14  belong 
ui  the  face,  and  8  to  the  cranium  proper.     See  Skull. 

Crank  [krank)  [Ger.,sick],     A  popular  term   for  an 
lividual  or  a  hobby  rider. 

Cranter  [kran'-ter\  [icpavTJjp,  upaiveiv,  to  finish,  render 
perfect:  pi.,  Cranteres\  A  wisdom-tooth.  The 
dentes  sapientiae  arc  sometimes  so  called  because  their 
presence  is  n  ry  to  a  pei  feet  denture. 

Crapaudine  [krap'-atu-din)  [Fr.,  crapaud,  a  toad]. 
In  veterinary  surgery,  an  ulcer  on  the  coronet  ol  a 
hi  >rse's  hoof. 

Crapulous   (krap/-u-lus)   \crapula,    drunkenness,    sur 
feit].    <  'har.u  terized  by  debauch  or  excess  in  drinking 
or  in  eating. 

Craquement  Ucrahk '-tnon(g))  [Fr.].  Any  crackling 
sound  heard  in  auscultation. 

Crasis  (kras/-is)  [i<i>dair%  mixture].  Temperament  ; 
constitution;  predisposition.  C,  Verminous,  an  old 
term  used  to  designate  a  peculiar  dyscrasia  of  the 
system  due  to  the  presence  of  worms. 

Craspedotal  do' -tal )  [icpaarreduTdg,  bordered]. 

In  biology,  applied  to  those  Medusas  that  nave  velar 
otolithic  vesicles. 

Crassamentum  {kras-am-en' -turn)  [L.,  thickness]. 
A  clot,  as  of  blood. 

Crateriform  [kra-ler^-if-orm)  [crater,  a  crater ;  forma, 
shape],  (iob'et-shaped  or  deep-saucer-shaped.  Ex- 
1  .n  ated  like  a  crater. 

Cratomania  {krat-o-ma'  -nc-ah)  [Kparoc,  power;  unr  n, 
madness].  A  delirium  of  exaltation  in  which  the 
patient  conceives  himself  to  possess  vast  power. 

Cravat  [kra-vaP)  [Fr. ,  cravate,  a  Croat].  I.  A  neck- 
cloth. 2.  A  bandage  of  triangular  shape,  used  as  a 
temporary  dressing  for  a  wound  or  fracture.  The 
middle  is  applied  to  the  injured  part,  and  the  ends  are 
brought  an mnd  and  tied.    See  Handkerchief Dressin  1 . 

Craw-Craw  [kraztZ-kraw).  See  Filaria  sanguinis 
hominis,  and  Parasites  {Animal),  Table  of. 

Crawley  {kraw'-L  \.      See  ( 'oral  Root. 

Craziness  (kra' '-ze-nes)  [ME.,  crascn,  to  break].  In- 
sanity. 

Crazy  (kra'-ze)  [crasen,  to  break].  Insane;  de- 
mented ;  deranged.  C.-bone.  See  Funny-bone. 
C.-weed.     See  Loco. 

Cream  (krem)  \cremor,  thick  juice  or  broth].  The 
rich,  fat  part  of  milk.  C,  Cold.  See  Rosa.  C, 
Ripening  of.  See  Ripening.  C.  of  Tartar.  See 
Potassium. 

Creamometer  [krlm-om'-et-er)  [cremffr,  cream ;  u&Tpov, 
a  measure].  An  instrument  for  estimating  the  amount 
of  cream  in  milk. 

Crease  {kres)  [Celtic].  A  line  made  by  folding.  C, 
Gluteo-femoral.  See  C,  Ileo-femoral.  C,  Ileo- 
femoral,  is  the  crease  that  bounds  the  buttock  below, 
1  orresponding  nearly  to  the  lower  edge  of  the  gluteus 
maxinms  muscle.  It  is  of  supposed  significance  in 
the  diagnosis  of  hip-disease. 

Creasol  (kre/-as-ol)  [«peac,  flesh  ;  oleum,  oil],  1  'J  l,„<  > 
<  me  of  the  principal  phenols  contained  in  creasote.    It 
is  formed  from  guaiacum-resin,  and  is  found  in  beech- 

w 1  tar.      It  is  a  colorless,  oily  liquid  of  an  agreeable 

odor  and  a  burning  taste,  boiling  at  22o°C.    It  is  very 
similar  to  guaiacol. 

Creasote,  or  Creasotum   [kt  .    dP-um)   [Kpiaq, 

,  to  preserve].    The  product  of  the  distilla- 
tion ol  wood  tar,  consisting  of  a  mixture  of  phenol-corn 
pounds.      It  is  an  inflammable  oily  liquid,  differing  in 
'I'1  from  carbolic  acid.      It  docs  not  coagulate 

albumin  or  collodion.     Musi  of  the  commercial   cre- 
msists  oi  acid  or  contains  a  large  per 

"f  it.       It  is  valuable  for  its  antiseptic,  astrin- 
gent,   styptic,    anesthetic,  and    escharotic   properties. 


CREATIC 


339 


CR1 


Dose  TT\j— iij .  Beechwood  Creasote,  from  Fagussyl- 
vatica,  is  best  for  internal  use.  Dose  »t\  j ,  every  three 
hours.  C.,  Aqua,  a  one  percent,  solution.  Dose 
Sj-iv.  C.-bath.  See  Bath.  C,  Mistura  (B.P.). 
Dose  J5J-ij.  C.-oil,  Heavy  Oil,  the  third  mam  frac- 
tion in  the  coal  tar  distillation-process.  It  is  collected 
at  temperatures  of  from  2300  to  270°  C,  or  until  the 
anthracene  commence-  to  distil.  The  oil  has  a  green- 
ish-yellow color,  and  is  very  fluorescent,  and  becomes 
progressively  more  so  upon  exposure  to  light  and  air. 
The  odor  is  unpleasant  and  extremely  characteristic. 
The  oil  is  heavier  than  water,  and  contains  naphthalene, 
anthracene,  phenanthrene,  phenol,  cresol,  etc.  It  is 
used  mainly  in  the  creasoting  or  preservation  of  timber  ; 
it  is  also  used  as  a  fuel,  and  for  the  production  ol  illu- 
minating nas,  as  a  lubricant,  and  for  the  production  of 
lampblack.  C,  Unguentum  \  B.P.),  for  local  appli- 
cation.    C  Vapor  (B.P.),  for  inhalation. 

Creatic  {kre-atf-ik)   [icpeag,   flesh].      Relating  to    fl 
See  Kreatinin.     C.    Nausea,  a  loathing  of  flesh   as 
food. 

Creatin  [kref-at-in)  [/c/jmc,  flesh],  C4H9N302.  A  neu- 
tral organic  substance  that  occurs  in  the  animal  organ 
ism,  especially  in  the  juice  of  muscles.  It  crystallizes 
with  one  molecule  of  water  in  glistening  prisms,  which, 
heated  to  IOO°,  sustain  a  loss  of  water.  It  has  a  faintly 
bitter  taste  and  dissolves  rather  readily  in  boiling  water. 
It  dissolves  with  difficulty  in  alcohol  and  yields  crys- 
talline salts  with  one  equivalent  of  acid. 

Creatinin  [kre-af '-in-iti)  [apiac,  flesh],  C4H7N3<  >.  An 
alkaline  substance,  a  normal  constituent  of  urine.  It 
crystallizes  in  rhombic  prisms,  and  is  a  strong  base. 
It  is  much  more  soluble  than  creatin. 

Crebricostate  (kreb-re-kos'-tdt)  [creber,  close;  casta, 
rib].      In  biology,  characterized  by  closely-set  ridges. 

Crebrisulcate  (kreb-re-sul'-kat)  [creber,  close;  sulcus, 
a  furrow].    In  biologv.  marked  by  closely-set  furrows. 

Crebruria  [kreb-ru' '-re-ah)[creber ,  close  together  ;  oipo'i  . 
urine].      Frequent  micturition. 

Creche  (krasK)   [Fr.,  a  crib].      See  Infant  Shelter. 

Crede's  Method  {kre-da').  See  Treatment.  Methods 
of.      C.  Operation.     See  Operations ,  Table  of. 

Credivite  (kra-div-it-a'}  [Fr.].      See  Hypnotism. 

Creeping  Sickness  (krep'-ing  sik'-nes).  The  gangren- 
ous form  of  ergotism. 

Cremaster  [kre-mas'-ter)  [upeadeiv,  to  support].  The 
muscle  that  draws  up  the  testis.     See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Cremasteric  (kre-mas-ter' '-//•)  [npEftdeiv,  to  support]. 
Pertaining  to  the  cremaster  muscle.  C.  Reflex.  See 
Reflexes,  Table  of. 

Cremation  [kre-maf-shuti)  [cremare,  to  burn].  The 
destruction  of  the  body  by  burning,  as  distinguished 
from  interment. 

Cremator  \f  re-ma1 '-tor)  [cremare,  to  burn].      A  crema- 
tory, q.  v.     C,  Engle  System,  a  variety  of  cremator 
for  the  destruction  of  garbage,   in  which  the  smoke 
and   gases  generated  by  the  destruction  of  the  w; 
material  are  consumed  by  a  second  tire. 

Crematory  [krem' '-at-or-e)  [cremare,  to  burn].  An 
establishment  for  burning  the  bodies  of  the  dead,  or 
for  consuming  garbage  and  other  refuse  matter. 

Cremnitz  White.     Same  as  White  Lead. 

Cremocarp  \krem'-o-karp)  [/cpe/iav,  to  hang;  Kapirdg, 
fruit].  The  peculiar  capsular  fruit  of  the  natural 
order  TJmbelliferce. 

Cremor  [kret-mor)  [cremor,  broth],  ('ream.  Any 
thick  substance  formed  on  the  surface  of  a  liquid.  C. 
tartari.  cream  of  tartar. 

Crena  (kre'  -nah\  [I-].  A  notch,  especially  such  a 
notch  as  is  seen  on  the  sutural  margins  of  the  cranial 
bones. 

Crenate    kre'-naf),  or  Crenated   [kre'-na-ted)  \_crena, 


a  notch].      Notched  or  scalloped.      In  botany,  1< 
that  are  serrated. 
Crenation  {kre-na' -shun)  \crena, a  notch].     A  notched 

or  mulberry  appearance  of  the  red  corpuscles  of  the 
blood  ;  it  may  Ik-  spontaneous  or  due  to  poisoning  with 
1  alabar  bean,  etc. 

Crenic  Acid  \kr,' -nil).      See  Acid. 

Crenothrix  [kren  oth'-riks)  [npfjvT],  a  spun.     •         hair]. 
\  genus  of  Schizomycetes  the   filaments  of  which  are 
enveloped    in    a    gelatinous    sheath.      C.  kiihniana. 
abundant    in    fresh    waters;     when    |  it    gives 

drinking-water  a  very  bad  taste,  but  the  role  attributed 
to  it  in  the  production  ot  typhoid  fever  is  unjustifii 

Crenulate  [hren'-u-ldt)  [crena,  a  notch].  Finely 
crenate. 

Creolin  [kref-o-lin  [/./<■ •«<-,  flesh  :  oleum,  oil].  A  coal- 
tar  product  deprived  of  carbolic  acid.  It  is  hemostatic 
and  highly  antiseptic,  and  is  more  active  than  car 
bolic  acid  in  pure  cultures  of  pathogenic  microbes,  but 
efficacious  in  putrefying  masses.  It  is  an  excel- 
lent non-poisonous  deodorizer,  used  in  a  two  per  cent, 
solution  or  a  five  per  cent,  ointment  with  lanolin. 
It  is  used  internally  in  typhoid  fever  and  catarrh  of 
the  bladder  in  live-drop  doses. 

Creosol  (kre'-o-sol).      See  Creasol. 

Creosote  (kref-o-sbt).  See  Creasote.  C.-bush,  Larrea 
mexicana,  an  odorous  and  resinous  shrub  of  the 
Pacific  States  and  Mexico.  It  is  a  local  remedy  for 
rheumatism  and  for  wounds  and  sores.      Unof. 

Crepitant  {krep'-it-ant)  [crepitare,  to  crackle].  Pos- 
sessing the  character  of  crepitus.  C.  Rale.  See 
Rale  and  Breath-sounds. 

Crepitation  (krep-it-a'-skurt),  Crepitus  (krep'-itu\ 
\_crepitare,  to  crackle].  The  noise  produced  by  escap- 
ing flatus.  The  grating  of  fractured  bones.  The 
crackling  of  the  joints.  The  noise  produced  by  pres- 
sure upon  tissues  containing  an  abnormal  amount  of 
air  or  gas,  as  in  cellular  emphysema.  Also  the  pecu- 
liar murmur  of  respiration  observed  in  pneumonia  dur- 
ing inspiration.  It  closely  resembles  the  sound  pro- 
duced by  rubbing  the  hair  between  the  fingers  held 
close  to  the  ear.  C,  Redux,  a  crepitant  rale 
heard  in  pneumonia  during  the  stage  of  resolution ; 
usually  the  first  manifestation  of  the  recession  of 
the  disease. 

Cresalol  ( kres'-al-ol)  [cresol;  saloT\,  C6H4.OH.COO.- 
C6H4.CII:i.    Salicylate  of  cresol.      It  possesses  antisep- 
tic   properties    very  similar  to  those  of   salol.       1  1 
gr.  iv  in  water  from  one  to  eight  times  daily.      Unof. 

Crescent  (kres'-ent)  [crescere,  to  grow].  Shaped  like 
the  moon  in  its  first  quarter.  A  name  given  to  one 
form  of  the  malarial  hematozoon.  C.  of  Gianuzzi. 
Groups  of  non-secreting  cells  in  the  acinus  of  a  gland, 
pushed  to  one  side  by  the  secreting  cells.  C,  Myopic. 
See  Myopia.     C.  Operation.    See  Operati 

Crescentia  \  kres-en' -she-ah)  [crescere,  to  grow].  A 
genus  of  bignoniaceous  trees  and  shrubs.  C.  alata, 
of  tropical  Asia  and  America,  affords  leaves  that  are 
useful  in  hemoptysis,  and  the  fruit  is  employed  in  pul- 
monary di-eases.  The  pulp  of  the  West  Indian  C. 
cujete  is  similarly  used.      Unof. 

Cresol   [kre'-sol)    [xi»ar,   flesh;   oleum,  oil],    t'.II.11 
Cresylic  acid  ;   a  body  obtained  from   the  distillation 
of  coal-tar.      It  is  a  colorless,  caustic  liquid,  with  prop- 
erties similar  to  those  of  phenol,  but  is  superior  as  an 
antiseptic.      Unof. 

Cresolin  [kresf -o-liri)  [fcpiag,  flesh  ;  oleum,  oil].  A 
proprietary  preparation  usr-d  as  a  disinfectant  in  diph- 
theria, etc. 

Cresosulphuric  Acid  (kres-o-sul-fu'-rik). 

Crest  (hrest)  [crista,  a  crest].  The  surmounting  part 
of  any  bone,  organ,  or  process       C.  Frontal,  a  ridge 


CRESTTS    M  -  1 


340 


CRCM  KER'S  I    \I  W1IX    LINIMENT 


aiddle  line  of  the    internal  surface   ol    the 

C.  of    Ilium,    the    thickened     and 

exi  if  the  ilium.    C,  Lachrymal, 

. i. -rn.il  surface  ol  the 

irvm.il    I)  'i.i-   iti'  iri-       C.  Nasal,  a  cresl 

ming 
C,  Neural,  a  .- 

:  \  spinal 

C,  Occipital.  a  the  ex- 

tending from  the 
lagnum.     C. 
of  Pubes,  i  '"'in  (Ik-  spine  i"  the  inner 

C.  of  Tibia,  the  prominent 

,,n  tlu-  the  tibia  ;    the  shin. 

C,   Turbinated.  linent  horizontal  ridge  on  the 

internal    surface  of   the  me.      C,  Urethral. 

Cresti's  Test. 

Cresylic  Acid 

Creta  i      [L.].      Chalk.      See   Calcium. 

Cretaceous  [creta,  chalk].     Chalky; 

ilcium  carbonate. 
Cretefaction  ft).    See  Calcification. 

Cretin  .  a  simple  minded  person]. 

1  with  cretinism. 
Cretinism  '-  in-i  m)   [Fr.,  ere    n,  a  simple-minded 

:   ,  i dition   uf    a   cretin.      Also  an  en- 

by  goiter  and  a  condition 
I  mental  degeneracy  and 
ment.       I  he  subjects  of  this  disease  sel- 
■   in    height.      C. ,   Sporadic,   the 
form  of   myxedema,  characterized  by  ab- 
if  the  thyroid  gland,  diminutiveness  of  size, 
-  of  arm-,  and   legs,  prom- 
iize   of  face,  thickness  of 
lips,  large  and  protruding  tongue,  and  imbecility  or 
[|   :-   popularly  supposed  that   coitus  during 
intoxicati  »n  is  a  cause  of  this  condition. 
Cretinoi  I  \  ritin,  a  simple-minded  per- 

).     i.    Resembling  a  cretin ;  resembling  cretinism. 
j-     \  person  who  resembles  a  cretin. 
Creuse's  Test.     See  Tests,   Table  of. 
Crewels  |  Fi . ,  i  rouelles,  scrofula].     Syno- 

nym 
Crib  ;  :  rib,   a    manger].      A   small    frame 

with   in  for  a  child's  bed.     z.    A    si  ill 

for    cattle.      C.    Biting.     See    Cribbing  and    Wi 

Cribbing  \r  '-ing)  [ME.,  crib,  a  manger].  The  pe- 
culiar wearing  of  a  horses'  teeth,  due  to  a  habit  of 
biting  his  crib  or  ma  I  at  the  same  time  suck- 

Cribriform  rum,  a  sieve;  forma. 

in   being  perforated,  as  the 
F  the  el  mi  .id  i. 
Cribrose  [cribrum,  a  sieve].      In  biology, 

■ 
Crick  [Ml    .     ricke,  a  twist  in  the  neck].      Any 

.1   the  Karl,  or  neck. 
Crico  a  ring].      A   prefix    denoting 

id  cartilage 
Cric  mii-].     Ring-shaped.     C. 

Cartilage.  ;      ,  „ , 

a  ring  ;   ih 
P         -.iiil,'  to   I  oid  and 

C.  Arter  |   branch  of  the 

.  thyroid     mem- 
importance. 
C.   Membrane,   a   ligan 

•id  and  thyroid 
C  Muscle.  of. 


Cricotomy      [kri-kot? -o-tne)     [uptime,   ring;   rifivetv,  to 
cut].     Surgical  laryngotomy  by   cutting  through   the 
id  cartilage. 
Criminal    [krim' '-in-al)     [crimen,    a  crime].     Of    the 
nature  of  crime.      C.  Abortion.     See    Abortion.     C. 
Assault.     Si  •  ■    I    anlt. 
Criminalogy  [krim-in-al* '-o-je\.     See  Criminology. 
Criminology  \krim-in-ol/  o  ie)    [crimen,  crime  ; 

nee].     The  scienci     ol    crime  and  of  criminals; 
i  riniinal  anthropology;    the  study  of  crime  as  a  branch 
of  morbid  psychology. 
Crino  [kri'-no)    [crinis,    hair:    />/.,  Crinones"].       I.   A 
skin-affection    "I     infants   supposed    to  be  clue  to  the 
presence  of  a  hair-worm.      2.   Same  as  Comedo. 
Crinosin    [krin* '-o-sin)   [crinis,  hair].      A    nitmgenized 
tat     from    brain-substance,    crystallizing    in     hair-like 
threads. 
Cripple  {krip'-l)  [ME. ,  eripel,  a    paralytic].      One  who 

is  unable  to  walk  or  to  use  his  members  normally. 
Cripps'   Operations.      See  Operations,  Table  of . 
Crisis    [kri'-sis)  [npioic,  a  decisive  point:  //. ,  Crises!. 
I  iie  turning-point  in  a  disease,  fever,  time  of  life,  etc., 
and  in  disease,  marking  a  change  either  for  the  better 
or  worse.     C.  clitoridiennes,  periods  of  voluptuous 
excitement  in  women  suffering  with  tabes  dorsalis,  ac- 
companied by  vaginal  secretion,  analogous  to  the  violent 
erections    and    spermatorrhea    found    in    men    in    the 
initial    stages    of    talus.       C.   gastriques,   Charcot's 
term  for  certain  gastric  symptoms  sometimes  encount- 
I   in  the  course  of  progressive  locomotor  ataxia. 
The   symptoms  are  shooting  pains  in   the  groin  and 
abdomen,   ending  finally  in  gastralgia,   puns   in   the 
shoulders  and   arms,  a  quick    pulse,  and  often  vertigo 
and  vomiting.      C,  Laryngeal,  paroxysmal  spasm  ,,| 
the  larynx  sometimes  observed  in  cases  of  posterior 
spinal  sclerosis. 
Crispate    (fcris'-pdt)     [crispatus,    curl].       In     biology, 

crisped  on  the  margin. 
Crista  Utris'-tah)  [L.].      Same  as  Crest.    C.  acustica, 
a  yellow  elevation   projecting  into  the   equator  of  the 
ampulla   of   the   ear.      C.   fornicis,   the    crest  of   the 
fornix  ;   a  half-oval  or  semi-globular  mass  on  the  pos- 
terior surface  of   the  fornix  of  the  brain.      C.    galli, 
cock's  crest,    the   superior   triangular    process   of   the 
ethmoid   bone       C.    helicis,  spina  helicis  ;   a   projec- 
tion of  the  helix  above  the  external   auditory  meatus. 
C.   spiralis,  a   crest   of   the   limbus  of   the  ear  over- 
hanging  the  internal  spiral  sulcus  of  Waldeyer.     C. 
urethralis.     See  /  'erumontanum. 
Critchett's  Operations.     See  Operations,   Table  op. 
Crith    (krit/i)   [ttpcdtj,  barley-corn].     The  assumed  unit 
ol   mass  and  weight  for  hydrogen,  and  hence  for  gases 
generally.      It  is  .0896  of  a  gram  or  1.37  grains. 
Critical  (krit'-ilc-al )  [np'tatr,  a  decisive  point].      I.  Per- 
taining  to   a  crisis  in  disease,  period  of  life,  etc.      2. 
A  qualification  applied  to  temperature  and  to  pressure 
in  relation  to  -ases. 
Crocein  Scarlet  [kro'-se-in  sic 7 >■' -let).     See  Pigments, 

<    n      •  ■',    ,  ■  . 
Crochet   {kro-shaf)    [Fr.,  dim.    of   eroc.  a  hook].      A 
ik.      C.  of  Uncinate   Gyrus,  the  narrow  portion 
ol  tie-  uncinate  gyrus  at  its  anterior  extremity  which 
is  reversed  in  the  form  of  a  hoo 
Crocin  [krof-sin),  C18HI806.     Polychroit ;  the  coloring- 
matter  of  Saffron.     It  is  a  deliquescent,  orange  red, 
amorphous  substance,  odorless,  with  a  sweetish  taste-. 
ely  soluble  in  water  and  diluted  alcohol. 
Crocitin  [krof-sit  in).     A  1  oi,  ,1  ing  subsl  ini  e  ol  saffron  ; 
a    I'd    powd  ly    soluble    in    alcohol,  but   not    in 

wat<  1    'i  ether. 
Crocker's    Calamin   Liniment.      A    liniment  used  in 
the  treatment  of  dermatitis.      It  consists  of  prepared 


CROCONIC  A( 'Hi 


Ml 


CRUSO-CREATININ 


calainin  powder,  2  scruples  ;  powdered  zinc  oxid,  ]/2 
dram  ;  olive  oil  and  lime-water  each  one  ounce.  Jt 
is  applied  on  soft  rags. 
Croconic  Acid  [kro-konf-ik).  See./,/,/. 
Crocus  [krof-kus)  [/c/xJ/cof,  crocus,  saffron].  Saffron. 
The  stigmata  of  the  llowers  of  C.  sativus.  (This  should 
not  be  confounded  with  American  Saffron,  Carthamus 
tinctorius.)  It  is  an  aromatic  stimulant  and  emmena- 
gogue,  commonly  used  as  a  cooling-agent.  C  ,  Tinct., 
io  per  cent,  in  strength.  Oo.se  3  j-ij ;  of  the  drug, 
gr.  v-.\x,  in  infusion. 

Crocydismus  [kro-sid-izf -mus\  [Kpoicvdireiv,  to  pick  at]. 
Same  as  Carphology. 

Croft's  Operations.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Crook's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Crop  [krop)  [ME.,  crop,  the  craw  of  a  bird].  The 
craw  or  pouch  of  the  esophagus  of  a  bird.  C. -bound, 
a  disease  of  poultry  in  which  the  fowls  are  unable  to 
pass  the  food  from  the  crop  into  the  gizzard,  and  the 
former  becomes  filled  with  food,  hanging  like  a  bag 
in  front  of  the  bird. 

Crosby's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Cross  (kros)  [crux,  a  cross].  In  biology,  a  cross-breed 
in  plants,  the  result  of  cross-fertilization.  C. -birth, 
shoulder-presentation,  or  other  presentation  requiring 
version.  C. -circulation.  See  Circulation.  C.-eye. 
See  Strabismus.  C. -fertilization,  in  biology,  the  fer- 
tilization of  the  ovules  of  one  species  by  the  seed- 
germs  of  another.  C.-knee.  See  Genu  valgum. 
C.-leg,  a  deformity  that  sometimes  follows  double 
'lip-joint  disease;  the  legs  are  crossed  in  walking. 
C. -legged  Progression,  a  method  of  walking  in  which 
one  foot  gets  over  or  in  front  of  the  other.  It  is  a 
symptom  of  certain  cord-lesions. 

Crossed  (krosd)  [crux,  a  cross].  Having  the  shape  of 
a  cross.  Applied  to  alternate  sides  of  the  body.  C. 
Anesthesia.  See  Anesthesia.  C.  Hemiplegia.  See 
Stauroplegia.  C.  Paralysis.  See  Paralysis.  C. 
Reflexes,  an  exception  to  the  usual  law  of  reflex 
movements,  in  which, e.g.,  excitation  of  one  fore-limb 
induces  movement  in  the  opposite  hind-limb.  See 
Reflexes,   Table  of. 

Crotalin  (kro'-tal-in)  [tcpora/iov,  a  rattle].  An  albumin- 
ous body  contained  in  the  poison  of  the  cobra.  It  is 
not  coagulable  by  heat  at  21 2°  C. 

Crotalus  [/kro/-tal-us)  [np&ratov,  a  rattle].  A  genus 
of  serpents,  including  the  typical  rattlesnakes.  C. 
Poison.  The  virus  of  the  rattlesnake,  used  as  a 
remedy  by  homeopath  ists. 

Crotchet  [kroch'-et)  [ME.,  Crockett,  a  little  hook].  A 
hook  used  in  extracting  the  fetus  after  craniotomy. 

Croton  [kro'-tori)  [updrav,  a  tick].  A  great  genus  of 
euphorbiaceous  plants.  C.  eleuteria,  yields  cascarilla. 
C.  tiglium,  croton  oil ;  C.  niveus,  a  part  of  the  pro- 
duct called  copalche  bark.  C.  Aldehyd,  C4H6<  >,  a 
compound  obtained  by  the  condensation  of  acetaldehyd 
when  heated  with  dilute  IIC1,  with  water  and  zinc 
chlorid  ;  it  is  a  liquid,  soluble  in  water,  possessing  an 
irritating  odor;  it  boils  at  from  I040  to  1050  and  has 
a  sp.  gr.  of  I.033  at  o°.  In  the  air  it  oxidizes  to  cro- 
tonic  acid.  C.  Chloral.  See  Chloral  butylicum. 
C.  Oil.     See  Tiglii,  Oleum. 

Crotonol  [kro' -ton-ol\  [updruv,  a  tick],  C9Hu02.  An 
acid,  aromatic  principle  in  croton  oil,  believed  to  be  the 
vesicant  constituent  of  the  oil. 

Croup  [kroop)  [AS.,  kropan,  to  cry  aloud].  Membran- 
ous croup;  pseudo-membranous  croup;  true  croup; 
a  disease  of  the  larynx  and  trachea  of  children, 
prominent  symptoms  of  which  are  a  peculiar  cough, 
and  difficulty  in  breathing  ;  it  is  often  accompanied  by 
the  development  of  a  membranous  deposit  or  exudate 
upon  the  parts.     There  is  doubt  as  to  the  real  nature 


of  the  disease,  some  contending  that  it  is  laryngeal 
diphtheria,  while  others  believe  it  a  special  type  of 
.li-case.  See  al.so  Roup.  C,  Catarrhal,  an  affection 
•  ■i  childhood  characterized  by  paroxysms  ol  intense 
dyspnea  and  a  peculiar,  ringing,  metallic  cough.  C, 
False,  catarrhal  or  spasmodic  croup;  catarrhal  laryn- 
gitis.    C,  Spasmodic.     See  C,  Catarrhal. 

Crown  [krown)  [ME.,  crowne,  a  crown].  See  Corona. 
C.  Glass,  a  kind  of  glass  used  in  optics.  C.  Leather. 
See  Leather.  C. -setting,  the  operation  of  uniting  an 
artificial  crown  to  the  root  of  a  natural  tooth  ;  the 
operation  being  commonly  known  by  the  misnomer 
"pivoting."  C.  of  a  Tooth,  the  exposed  pai 
tin  tooth  above  the  gums,  covered  with  enamel. 
C.-work,  the  adaptation  of  an  artificial  crown  ol 
porcelain  or  gold  on  the  cervical  portion  of  the  natural 
root  of  a  tooth.    C. -yellow.     Same  as  (  hrome-yellow. 

Crucial  ykru'-skal)  [crux,  a  cross].  Resembling  or 
pertaining  to  a  cross,  as  a  crucial  incision. 

Cruciate  (kru'-she-dt)  [crux,  a  cross].  In  biology, 
shaped  like  a  Greek  cross. 

Crucible  {krii'-sib-l )  [crucibulum,  a  melting  pot].  A 
vessel  of  conical  shape  in  which  substances  are  ex- 
posed to  the  heat  of  a  fire  or  furnace  ;  it  is  formed  of 
clay  or  earthenware,  porcelain,  iron,  black  lead  or 
plumbago  or  graphite,  silver,  gold  or  platinum. 

Crucifixion  Attitude  {kru-se-fik'-shun).  See  Atti- 
tude. 

Crucing  (kru'-sing).    See  Block  Teeth. 

Cruels  (kroo'-elz).      Synonym  of  Scrofula. 

Cruentin  (kru-en'-liu)  [cruentus,  bloody].  A  preci- 
pitate obtained  by  boiling  defibrinated  blood  with 
strong  H.2S(  )4,  adding  water,  and  filtering. 

Crull's  Line.      See  Line. 

Cruorin  {kru'-or-in)  [cruor,  blood].  Synonym  of 
Hemoglobin. 

Crupper  [krup'-ef)  [Fr. ,  croupe,  the  rump].  The  but- 
tocks of  a  horse.      C.-bone,  the  coccyx. 

Crura  (kru'-rah)  [Plural  of  cms,  a  leg].  A  name  ap- 
plied to  certain  parts  of  the  body,  from  their  resemb- 
lance to  legs  or  roots.  C.  cerebelli,  the  peduncles 
of  the  cerebellum,  superior,  middle,  and  inferior.  C. 
cerebri,  the  peduncles  of  the  cerebrum.  C.  of  Dia- 
phragm, the  muscular  bundles  arising  from  the  verte- 
brae, etc.,  and  inserted  into  the  central  tendon.  C. 
of  Penis,  the  corpora  cavernosi. 

Crural  [kru'-ral)  [crus,  a  leg].  Pertaining  to  the 
thigh.  C.  Arch.  See  Ligament.  C.  Hernia,  fe- 
moral hernia.  C.  Ring,  the  femoral  ring ;  the  upper 
opening  of  the  temporal  canal,  bounded  in  front  by 
Poupart's  ligament  and  the  deep  crural  arch,  behind 
by  the  pubis,  internally  by  Gimbernat's  ligament, 
externally  by  a  fibrous  band  separating  it  from  the 
femoral  ring. 

Crureus  [kru'-re-us)  [L.].  One  of  the  muscles  of  the 
thigh.      See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Crus  (krus)  [L.].  The  leg;  structures  resembling  a 
leg.      Sec  the  plural.  Crura. 

Cruso-creatinin  (kru-so-kre-atf-in-in),  C3II„X4<».  A 
leucomaine.  isolated  from  muscle-tissue.  In  this  and 
other  leucomaines  of  the  Creatinin  Group,  as  well  as 
in  those  of  the  Eric  Acid  Group,  hydrocyanic  acid 
plays  an  important  part  in  the  molecular  structure  of 
the  base-.  Very  little  is  yet  known  as  to  the  function 
of  this  Cyanogen  Group  in  relation  to  the  vital  activ- 
ity of  tissues,  but  recent  investigations  seem  to  sh.  iw 
that  the  seat  of  the  cyanogen-formation  lies  within 
the  nucleated  cell,  and  is  intimately  connected  with 
the  functions  of  the  nuclein-molecule.  A  number  ol 
leucomaines  of  fresh  muscle-tissue  are  credited  with 
possessing  an  intensely  poisonous  action  ;  and.  if  this 
be    the  case,  any  accumulation  of   such  bases  in   the 


CRUSH 


34S 


i  KVS1AI.I1/KI> 


system,    due    to   inl  with    elimination,    may 

cau  us  disturbam 

Crust  iru-t  ].      An    in  I r i t- « 1 

in. i-  tudation,  ><r    othi  products  "l   'li- 

lt varies  much  in  a|  :  ord- 

idition    i  It   ma)  be 

;  .111.1    I  I.. 

Crust.i  rusi  |.       rhe  ectal    portion 

C.  lactea.     S  Uso 

C.    petrosa,  .1   thin    layi  i 

ii       C.  phlogistica, 
:    stratum  of  a  blood 

Crustaceorubrin 

■  1].     In  biology   .i  red  coloring- 

Crustaceous  [  crust].       In 

.i   thin,  hard,  brittle,  crust-like   shell 

Crusted  .  .i  crust].      Having  crusts 

C.     Ringworm.     Synonym    of     Fa 
C.  Scall.     Synonym 
Crustin  ,  a  crust].     The  formation 

Crutch  i  [Ml  .a    crutch].      A    staff 

g   from  the  axilla  to  the  ground,  for  the  pur- 
■    aiding  the  i"ii  of  lame  or  crippled 

C.  Paralysis,  paralysis  of  an  upper  extrem- 
ity ilu.-   i"  the  pressure  of  the  crutch-head  upon  the 
ilia. 
Cruveilhier's    Atrophy.     See   Disease;:,   Tabic  of.       C. 
Disease.  .   Table  of.    C.   Fascia,    the 

ial   layer  of  the    perineal    fascia.     C.  Plexus. 
C.  Paralysis.     Same  as  C. 

Cry         :     [ME.,  crien,   to  cry].     The  utterance  of  an 
inarticulate   vo<  al  sound,  or  the  sound  so  uttered;    the 
1   o|   the  voice  in  lamentation. 
Cryesthesia  (kri-es-lke/-ze-aA)    [npioc,  cold;    aladj/air, 

,].     Undue  sensitiveness  to  cold. 
Crypt  concealed],     A    -mall    sac  or 

Crypts  of  Lieberkiihn,  minute  tubular  de- 
:    the  mueou.-  membrane  of  the  small  intes- 

Ciypta   [kripf-tah)    [»,<i~7//,  concealed :    />/. ,    Cryplaf\. 

■  pt. 

Cryptic  (krip'-tik)  [a  .hidden].      In   biology,  a 

ii  the  study  of  mimicry,  for   such  colors  as 

the  animal   |  mies,  or  to  approach 

tic  :  aggi  mticryp- 

Similar  el  iy  be  produceil  by 

with  which  the  animal  covers 

tent,  allocryptic.      (I'oul- 

Cry;  •   hidden],    CuHnN. 

istillation  of  quinin. 
I  iiillam 

ol   i  crypt,  pts.     C, 

Urethral,  f  the  mucous  follicles  of  the 

Cryptobranchiate  {krip  at)  [Kptmrde,  hid 

In  biology,  having  concealed 

Cryptocephalus  hidden; 

is  with  an  imperfei  tlv 

Crvptodidymus  hidden; 

Cryptodirou^.  .  hidden  ;  i 

neck].      In  I 


Cryptogam    [krip' -to-gani)    [  .   hidden;    yd 

marriage].  In  biology,  a  general  term  applied  loan) 
plant  below  Phanerogamia ;  any  flowerless  plant  i> 
called  a  1 1\  ptogam. 

Cryptogamia     \  ra'-me-ah)     [  hidden; 

ya/ing,  marriage].  A  division  of  tin  vegetable  king 
dom  comprising  all  plant-  with  concealed  sexual 
oil;. in-,  without  pi-til-  or  stamens. 

Cryptogamic  [krip-to-gam'-ik).     See  Cryptogamous. 

Cryptogamous  [krip-tog1 '-ata-us)  [/cpi/Tfrdc,  concealed; 
;in/i« ,  marriage].  Belonging  to  the  cryptogamia; 
having  the  processes  ol  the  reproductive  function  ob- 
scured or  ci  mcealed. 

Cryptogenetic  [krip-to-jen-ef -ik)  [k/wjtt<5c,  concealed  ; 
,  to  beget].     Same  a>  Cryptogamous. 

Cryptolith  [krip' -to-lith)  [KpvitTq,  crypt;  /U0oc,  stone], 
A  concretion  i>i  calculus  formed  within  a  crypt. 

Cryptophanic.or  Kryptophanic  Acid  [krip-to-fan' '-ik) 
[Kpvmdg,  concealed  ;  <j>aivetv,  to  bring  to  light],  < ',,, 
ll|„N,<  >10.  An  acid  said  to  occur  in  a  free  slate  in 
urine,  though  regarded  by  Landwehr  as  an  animal 
gum. 

Cryptophthalmia  [krip-toff-lhal' -nu-ah ).  Same  as 
( 'ryptophthalmos. 

Cryptophthalmos  [krip-toff-thaU -mos)  [/cpwrnic,  hid- 
den; o  iihi'/.uoq,  the  eye].  I.  Congenital  union  of 
the  eyelids,  usually  over  imperfect  eyes.  2.  A  person 
who  has  congenital  union  of  the  eyelids. 

Cryptopia  [krip-to,-pe-ah).     Same  as  Cryptopin, 

Cryptopin     {krip/ -to-pin)     [/tpiwrnJc,     bidden ; 

opium],  ('._,,  I  l._,.,Ni  '-,.  One  of  the  alkaloid-  of  opium, 
colorless  and  odorless.  It  is  said  to  be  anodyne  and 
hypnotic,  but  it  is  less  safe  than  morphin.  Dose,  's 
gr.      Unof. 

Cryptopyic    [krip-to-pi* -ik)    [/./>r-rof,    hidden;     - 
pus].     Characterized  by  concealed  suppuration. 

Cryptorchid,  or  Cryptorchis  [krip-tor' -kid,  -kis) 
[Kpv-ror,  hidden  ;  bpX'<;,  testicle].  A  person  with 
retained  testicles,  /.  e.,  not  descended  into  the  scrotum. 

Cryptorchidism  (krip-tor' -kid-izm)  ^Kpvnr6g,  bidden  ; 
<>PXlS,  testicle].  Retention  of  the  testes  in  the  abdom 
inal  cavity. 

Cryptorchism  (krip-tor' -kizm).     See  Cryptorchidism. 

Cryptozygosity  (krip-to-zi-gos'-it-e)  [ah--,,,  hidden; 
,i ;  6v,  arch].      The  quality  of  being  cryptozygous. 

Cryptozygous      (krip-to  '  [«pwrr<Jc,      hidden; 

Qvydv,  arch].  Having  the  dental  arches  or  zygomata 
concealed  from  view  when  the  skull  is  viewed  from 
above. 

Crystal  (kris'-lal)  [upboraXkos,  clear  ice] .  In  chemis- 
try, a  substance  that  assumes  a  definite  geometrii 
form.  C,  Charcot  Leyden.  See  Charcot- Ley  den. 
C,  Charcot's,  minute  colorless  crystals  found  in  the 
sputa  ol  asthmatic  and  bronchitic patients  and  others. 
They  are  said  to  consist  of  tyrosin,  or  according  to 
some,  of  mucin.  C,  Violet.  See  Pigments,  Con 
spec /us  of. 

Crystalli  (kris-tal'-i).      Synonym  of  Chicken-pox. 

Crystallin  (kris'-tal-in)  [KpiaraMag,  clear  ice].  The 
globulin  of  the  crystalline  lens. 

Crystalline  (ktis* '-tal-en  or  -///)  [fcpdffraMot  ,  crystal], 
Liki   a  crystal.     C.  Lens.     See  Lens.     C.  Swelling. 
Soemmering. 

Crystallitis  (kris-tal-i'-tis).     See  Phakitis. 

Crystallization  (kris-tal-,  \       oraXfog,  ice], 

I  he  process  by   which  the  molecules  of  a  substance 

arrange    themselves    in  geometric  forms  when  passing 

from  a  |  or  a  liquid  to  a  solid  state.    C,  Water 

of,  the  watei  ol   salts  that  cannot  be  extracted  without 

truction  of  their  crystalline  nature. 

Crystallized  (kris'-tal-lzd)  [(cpvffraAAoc,  ice].  Formed 
into  crystals.      C.  Green.     Same  as  fodin  Ore  n. 


CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 


343 


(  I  MBERLAND  DISEASE 


Crystallography  (kris-tal  rraKhoc,  crys 

tal  ;     ypatfiEiv,    to    write].     The    science    of  crystals, 
their  formation,  etc. 

Crystalloid  (kris* -tal-oid\   [KpbaraXXog,   crystal;   el 
likeness].      Having  a  crystalline  structure,  as  di 
guished  from  colloid.      In  biology,  one  ol   the  crystal- 
like proteid  bodies  found  in  seeds,  tubers,  etc. 

Ctenes  (ten'-e%)  [Krkvtg"\.     Incisor  teeth. 

Ctenocyst  (ten' '-o-sist)  [icreig  (ktcv),  comb;  Kbong,  a 
bladder].  In  biology,  applied  to  the  auditory  \<  -icles 
of  ctenophorans. 

Ctenoid  (ten'-oid)    [  crev-),  comb;    eidog,   like]. 

In  biology,  pectinate  or  comb-like. 

Cubeb,  or  Cubeba  (ku'-beb,  or  ku  be/-bah)  [Pers. ,  ka- 
baba,  cubeb  :  gen.,  Cubeba\.  The  unripe  fruit  of  Piper 
Cubeba,  cultivated  in  Java.  Its  properties  are  due 
to  a  volatile  oil,  C15H.M,  and  an  organic  acid.  It  is  an 
aromatic  stimulant,  diuretic  in  small  doses,  and  is  use- 
ful in  affections  of  the  bladder  and  urethra.  It  is  a 
good  remedy  (applied  by  insufflation  or  smoked  in 
cigarets)  for  diseases  of  the  fauces,  catarrh  of  the 
air-passages,  etc.  Dose  gr.  x-^ij.  C,  Fid.  Ext., 
alcoholic.  Dose  tt^v— xxx.  C,  Oleoresina,  ethereal. 
Dose  nvv-xxx.  C,  Ol.,  the  volatile  oil.  1  >ose  n\v- 
xx.  C,  Tinct.,  20  per  cent,  in  strength.  Dose  Trpx- 
sjiij-  C.j  Trochisci,  oleoresin  gr.  %,  oil  of  sassafras 
gr.  -j-1^,  ext.  of  glycyrrbiza  gr.  iv,  acacia  gr.  ij,  syr.  of 
tolu  q.s.,  in  each  troche.     Dose  j-iij. 

Cubebene  (ku'-beb-en)  [cubeb],  C20H16.  The  light 
portion  of  the  essential  oil  of  cubebs. 

Cubebic  Acid  (ku-beb'-ik)  [cubeb],  C1:tHu07,  A  resi- 
nous acid  body  from  cubebs;  actively  diuretic  and 
cathartic.      Unof. 

Cubebin  [ku-beb'-in)  [cubeb],  CinH10O3.  An  odor- 
less crystalline  substance  obtained  from  cubebs. 

Cubic  (ku'-bik)  [mftog,  a  cube].  Pertaining  to  a 
cube.  C.  Space  (of  air),  the  amount  of  space  re- 
quired by  persons  in  health  and  in  disease.  In  hos- 
pitals about  1000  cubic  feet  to  each  patient  is  necessary 
for  proper  ventilation. 

Cubital  (ku'-bit-al )  [avjinc,  a  cube].  Relating  to  the 
forearm,  to  the  elbow,  or  to  the  ulna. 

Cubitocarpal  (  ku1 '-bit-o-kar1 '-pal  )  [  Ki>f3or,  a  cube  ; 
KfifjTroc;,  the  wrist].  Relating  to  the  forearm  and  to 
the  carpus. 

Cubitoradial  (ku'-bit-o-ra'-de-al)  [nvfioc,  a  cube; 
radius,  a  staff].  Relating  to  both  the  ulna  and  the 
radius. 

Cubitus  (hu'-bit-us)  [cubitus,  the  elbow].  The  fore- 
arm. 

Cubitus  (ku' -bit-us)  [cubare,  to  lie  down].  A  bed ; 
a  couch. 

Cuboid  (ku'-boid)  [nvfioq,  cube;  tidoq,  resemblance]. 
Resembling  a  cube.  C.  Bone,  a  bone  of  the  foot  situ- 
ated at  the  outer  anterior  part  of  the  tarsus. 

Cuca    (koo'-kah).     See  Erythroxylon. 

Cucullate  (ku-kid'-at)  [cucullus,  a  cap,  hood].  In 
biology,  hooded. 

Cucullus  (ku-kul'-us)  [L. ,  a  hood].  1.  In  biology, 
a  hood-shaped  formation  of  the  head.  2.  Synonym 
of  II  'hooping-  cough . 

Cucumber,  Squirting.     See  Elaterium. 

Cucumis  yku'-ku-mis)  [L.,  a  cucumber].  A  genus  of 
plants.      C.  colocynthis.     See  Colocynth. 

Cucurbit  (ku-ker'-bit)  [cucurbita,  a  gourd].  ,1.  A 
cupping-glass.      [Old.]      2.    The  body  of  an  alembic. 

Cucurbitation  (  ku-ker-bit-a' '-shun )  [cucurbiiatio,  a 
cupping].      The  operation  of  cupping. 

Cud  (kud)  [AS.,  cudde\.  The  regurgitated  food  of 
ruminants.  C.-weed  (kud-wid).  See  Life  Ever- 
lasting. 

Cudbear  (kud'-bar)    [After  Dr.   Cuthbert  Cordon].      A 


purplish  red  powder,  nearly  identical  with  Orchil,  q.v. 
I  rom  ii  the  Tinctura  persionis,  and  Tinctura  persionit 
composita,  N.  F.,  are  prepared.  Both  are  used  mainly 
in  coloring  various  pharmaceutic  preparations.  See 
/'/  m  nts,  Con  < 

Cuichunchulli  [Peruvian].  The  root  of  lonidium 
parviflorutn  ;  said  to  be  diaphoretic,  diuretic,  siala- 
gogue,  emetic,  and  cathartic;  it  is  useful  in  elephan- 
tiasis.      I  nof. 

Cuirass  (kwe-ras'^)  [Fr.].  A  close-fitting  or  immovable 
bandage  for  the  front  of  the  chest.  C.  Cancer,  a 
large,  flat  cancerous  growth  upon  the  front  of  the  chest. 

Cul-de-sac  [kul> '-de-sak,\  [Fr.  cul,  the  bottom  ;  de,  of; 
sac,  bag].  A  cavity  of  the  body  closed  at  one  end. 
Douglas's  C,  a  pouch  between  the  anterior  wall  of 
the  rectum  and  the  posterior  wall  of  the  uterus,  formed 
by  the  reflection  of  the  peritoneum.  It  i>  called,  also, 
the  recto-uterine  or  retro-uterine  cul-de-sac. 

Culex  (ku'-leks)    [L.,  a  gnat].      A  mosquito.      A  well- 
known  inseel  that  punctures  the  skin  to  obtain  its  food, 
blood,      See  Parasites  (Animal) ,  Tabl 

Culicifuge  (ku-lis' '-if-uj)  [culex,  a  gnat ;  fugare,  to  drive 
away].  An  agent  that  prevents  the  biting  of  mosqui- 
toes ;  as  oil  of  pennyroyal. 

Cullen's  Theory.  A  theory  as  to  the  origin  of  gout, 
which  he  claims  to  be  primarily  an  affection  of  the 
nervous  system. 

Culm  (kulm)  [culmus,  a  stalk].  In  biology,  a  hollow- 
jointed  stem. 

Culmen  (kul'-meri)  [L. ,  the  summit].  The  cacumen  ; 
a  portion  of  the  cerebellum  situated  to  the  cephalic 
side  of  the  vermis.  In  biology,  the  highest  middle 
lengthwise  line  of  the  bill  of  a  bird. 

Cultrate  (kuV-trat)  [culler,  a  knife].  Sharp-edged; 
also  cultriform. 

Cultriform  (kulr -trif-orm)  [culler,  a  knife;  forma, 
shape].      See  Cultrate. 

Culture  (kuV-chur)  [colo,  cultum,  to  till,  cultivate].  A 
name  loosely  and  indiscriminately  applied  to  the  act, 
the  liquid  or  solid  medium  used,  and  the  product  of  the 
process,  in  culture-experiments  upon  microorganism-. 
The  culture-media  are  of  various  kinds;  mineral  liquid-, 
(see  Raulin's  Liquid,  Cohn's  Liquid,  etc.),  bouillons 
of  various  kinds,  gelatinous  fluids,  gelose,  potato, 
serum,  etc.  These  media  are  first  sterilized,  usually 
by  heat  (see  Oven,  Sterilization),  but  possibly  also  by 
chemicals,  by  filtration,  by  cold,  by  steam,  etc.  The 
infectious  matter  is  then  taken  upon  a  sterilized  plati- 
num needle-point,  pipet,  or  other  instrument,  and 
transferred  to  the  culture-medium.  When  the  latter  is 
of  semi-solid  consistency,  as  gelatin,  the  inoculation 
by  the  needle  is  called  Stab-culture,  Stichcultur 
(Ger.),  or  par  piq&re  (Fr.).,  the  needle  briny  thrust 
into  the  substance.  When  smeared  over  the  surface, 
it  is  called  smear-culture,  Strichcultur  (Ger.),  or 
en  stries  (Fr.).  The  macroscopic  features  of  the  sub- 
sequent development  give  important  means  ot  differ- 
entiation. For  example,  when  the  inoculated  matter 
forms  a  mass  in  the  medium,  pointed  below  and  rising 
like  a  nail-head  above,  it  is  called  en  clou,  nail-shaped. 
Then  the  medium  maybe  liquefied  or  not,  variously 
colored,  peculiarly  changed,  sediment  deposited  or  not, 
etc.  Subsequent  microscopic  examination  of  the  cul- 
ture-product, inoculation-experiments  upon  animal-, 
etc.,  complete  the  study.  Culture-bulbs,  culture-, 
culture-fluids,  culture-media,  culture-ovens,  culture- 
tubes,  etc.,  are  among  the  equipments  of  the  bacteri- 
ologist.    C.-oven.    See  Oven. 

Culver's  Physic,  or  Root  (kuV-verz  fiz'-ik  or   roof) 
S<  itandra. 

Cumberland   Disease.      An   Australian   term   for  An 
thrax,  q.  :■. 


CUMENE 


:;  1 1 


CURD 


Cumene  \i-ii' nun)  \cummum,  cumin],  <  ,ll,:-       lso 
pyl    benxeni  mpoond    made     bj    distilling 

comic  acid  wuh  lime.     It  boils  .it   15;     '    .  and  its 
ity  at  o- 
Cumic  cumin].     Derived  from  or 

perl  umin.      C.    Acid.      See    ./  id.       C. 

Aldehyd. 
Cumidin  ,  cumin],  t   ,11     \        \ 

lilin.      It  melts  at     ,    '    . 
C.-rcd 

Cumin  .  i  umin  ]       A  fennel  like, 

cultivated,  umbelliferous    plant,   Cuminum  cyminum, 
md    iiatr-  and    Syria.      The    fruit    is 

romatic  and    possesses  well  marked  sum 
rminative    properties.      It--  active  prin 
■ 
Cumino'.  nuniy  cumin  ;  oleum,  oil], 

ildehyd,   occurs    in    Roman    cara- 
if  Ci  uta  :iros,!.  or  water  hemlock, 
etc.       It    .  .in  aromatic  odor  and  a   burning 

gravity  of  0.973  at  130  C,  and 
I 
Cumulative  [cumulare,   to   heap  up], 

ling    to.     C.  Action,  or  Effect,  the 
production  of  a  noteworthy  and  sudden  result,  after 
the  administration  of  a  considerable  number  of  com- 
aefTectJve  doses.     The  possible  cumulative 
'•.im  drugs  i>  one  of  the  sources  of  danger 
that  attend  their  administration. 
Cumulu  .7  I     [1..,    a    heap].       A  heap   or 

mound       C.  ovigerus.     See  Ovule. 
Cundurango    kun-du-ranf -gd).     See  Conduran 
Cuneate  U)     [cuneus,    a    wedge].        Wedge- 

sha] 
Cuneiform   (ku-ne/-if-orm)    [cuneu  .  a  wedge;    forma, 
tped,  cuneate.     C.  Bones,  three 
ihaped  bones  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  tarsus. 
C.  Columns.      -  tmns  of  Burdach. 

Cuneihysterectomy  1  ku-ne-i-his-ter-ekf -to-me)  [cuneus, 
.  the   womb;    curoni/,    a  cutting  out]. 
I  hi  1  of  a  wedge-shaped  piece  of  uterine  tis- 

lure  that  has  been  advocated  in  the  ti 
•  hi  anteflexion  of  the  uterus. 
Cuneus  ■<  \  [I..,  a  wedge].      A   wedge-shaped 

□volution  on  the  internal  aspect  of  the  cortex  of  the 

Cunicular    {ku-nikf -u-lar)  [kouvuOuoc,   a    subterranean 

■].      Furrowed. 

Cuniculate   {ku-nik* -u-ldt  me  as  Cunicular. 

Cunicul  :                     .  [1..].     The   burrow  of  the 

Cunila  <h)   [L.,  a  plant].      ^  genus  of  labiate 

C.   mariana,  dittany  ;    a  labi 
America.       It  is  aromatic,    carminative, 
timulant.      Unof. 
Cunisset's  Test.  Table  of . 

Cunnilingui   I  ,.,-.     the  vulva ; 

h     prai  tii  es  licking  the  vulva. 

Cunn  :  :•'/..  Cunni\      I  he  vulva. 

CuP  ip],       I.    To  bleed.       2.    A 

C,  Dry,  a  cup  for  drawing  the  blood 
C,  P"avus,  a  depression  in  a 
hair.      C,    Physiologic. 
C.  Wet,  a  cup  for  abstract 
in. 
Cuphos; 

CuPola  The    dome 

hlea.     A 
,!'  '  ill  intestii 

Cupped  Having    the 


upper  surface  depressed  ;  applied  to  the  coagulum  of 
blood  alter  phlebotomy.  C.  Disc,  excavation  of  the 
fundus  oculi,  normally  present  in  slight  degree,  but 
pathologic  ii  excessive. 
Cupping  [kup,-ing)  [AS.,  cuppe,&  cup].  A  method  of 
blood  derivation  by  means  of  the  application  of  cup 
ping  Ld.i>>es  to  the  surface  of  the  body.  C,  Dry, 
without  the  abstraction  ol  blond — a  form  of  counter- 
irritation.  This  i>  used  mainly  m  inflammatory  affec- 
tions of  the  lung.  C. -glass,  a  small  bell  shaped  glass 
capable  of  holding  three  to  four  ounces,  in  which  the  an 

is  rarefied  eithei  bj  heat  or  exhaustion,  and  the  oia.-s 
applied  to  the  skin,  either  with  or  without  scarifica- 
tion of  the  latter.  C,  Wet,  with  the  abstraction  of 
blood  alter  scarification. 

Cuprea  Bark  [ku> '-pre-ah)  [cupreus,  coppery;  ME., 
barke,  bark].  The  bark  of  certain  species  of 
Remijia,  1/.  i".  ;  it  affords  quinin  anil  the  associated 
alkaloids. 

Cuprum  [ku'-prum\  [I..:  gen.,  Cupri\     See  Coffer. 

Cupule  [ku'-pul)  [cupula,  a  little  cup].  In  biology, 
a  cup-shaped  organ,  as  an  acorn-cup,  or  the  sucking 
apparatus  of  an  insect's  foot. 

Curacao  \lu-ra-so')  [Island of  Curacao, north  of  Vene- 
zuela].      A    cordial  or  elixir  prepared    from   brandy, 
and   variously    llavored,  principally  with  orange  pi 
It  is  sometimes  used  as  a  vehicle  for  certain  medicines. 

Curacoa  {ku-ras-of-ah\.     See  Curacao. 

Curage  (ku-rahzh')  [Fr.].  Curettage;  cleansing  of  the 
eye,  or  of  an  ulcerated  or  carious  surface. 

Curara  (koo-rak'-rah),  Curare  [koo-rah-re\t  Curari 
(koo-rah'-re)  [S.  Am.].  Woorara.  A  vegetable  ex- 
tract obtained  from  Paullinia  curare  and  certain  mem- 
bers of  the  Strychnos  family.  It  is  a  powerful  paral)  - 
zant  of  the  motor  nerves  and  of  the  voluntary  muscles, 
[ts  active  principle  is  Curarin,  C,0HI5N*(  I'r,  1 
dose  gr.  ^^y^-,  hypodermatically.  It  is  used  ins. 
\merica  and  elsewhere  as  an  arrow-poison.  Toxic 
doses  cause  death  by  paralysis  of  the  organs  of  respira- 
tion. It  has  been  reported  effectual  in  two  cases  of 
hydrophobia,  and  has  been  successful  in  the  treatment 
of  tetanus.  Dose  by  hypodermatic  injection  gr.  2<r~s- 
Injectio  Curare  Hypodermatica,  5  grains  in  60 
minims.     Dose  fl\J— vj. 

Curarin  [koo-rahf-riri).     See  Curara. 

Curarism,  Curarization  {koo-rah* '-rizm,  koo-rah-riz-a'  ■ 
shun)  [S.  A.,  curare].  The  state  of  one  subjected  to 
the  lull  influence  of  curare  by  hypodermatic  injection. 
The  voice  and  power  of  motion  are  generally  abol- 
ished, but  not'the  sensibility  to  pain. 

Curatio  (ku-ra'-s/ie-o)  [cura,  care].  The  treatment  and 
nursing  of  a  patient. 

Curative  [ku'-rat-iv)  [cura,  care].  Having  a  healing 
tendency. 

Curb  [kerb)  [ME.,  courben,  to  bend].  A  hard  and 
callous  swelling  on  various  parts  of  a  horse's  leg,  as 
the  hinder  part  of  the   hock,  the   inside   of  the  hoof, 

Curcas  {ker^-kas).     See  Barba  Vut. 

Curcuma  (/,-,■>■' -ku-»ia/i)  [I..].    Turmeric.   The  rhizome 
ol  Curcuma  longa  of  India.      Its   action   is  similar  to 
that  of  ginger.      It  is  employed  a>  a   yellow  dye  ;  in 
chemistry,  as   a   test    for   alkalies;   and   in    pharmacy, 
1  alK  .  to  color  ointments  and  other  preparations. 
Curcumin  [kerf -ku-min\  [curcuma,  saffron],  C.4Hu04. 
I  In-    coloring-matter   of  turmeric;    it   crystallizes   in 
orange-yellow   prisms,  and  melts  at  1770  C.     It  dis 
solves    in    the    alkalies    to    brownish  red    salts.      See 
/'/  >n  a/  .  ( 'onspectus  of. 
Curd   [kerd]    [ME.,  curd,  curds].      The   coagulum   of 
milk   that    separates  <m  the   addition  of  rennet  or  an 
id. 


CURDLING  FERMENT,    IKS  I    FUR 


:$!.-> 


SCO   BARK 


Curdling  Ferment,  Test  for.      See   Tests,  'Table  of. 

Cure  {kiir)  [cura,  care].  I  he  successful  treatment  <>t" 
a  disease  ;  also,  a  system  of  treatment.  See  Faith- 
cure,  Mind-cure,  Grape-cure,  Water-cure  (see  Hydro- 
pathy), Hunger-cure,  Rest-cure,  etc.  C.-all,  a  Pana- 
cea, q.  v.  C,  Herb-juice,  a  met  1km  I  oi  treating  certain 
intestinal  and  gastric  troubles.  Ii  consists  in  drinking 
daily  the  fresh  juice  of  various  herbs  and  wild  plants. 
C,  Potato,  Cameron's  method  of  treating  foreign 
bodies  in  the  alimentary  tract  by  the  ingestion  of 
mashed  potatoes.  1  lie  bodj  becomes  imbedded  in 
the  potato-mass  that  is  formed.  C,  Shaking-.  See 
Shaking-cure. 

Curet  {ku-rel')  [Fr.].  An  instrument  shaped  like  a 
spoon  or  scoop,  for  detaching  substances  from  one 
another,  as  the  placenta  from  the  uterine  wall,  etc. 

Curettage  [ku-retf-aj).     See  Curage. 

Curling's  Operation.  See  Operation.  'Tabic  of.  C. 
Ulcer.     See  i  'leer  and  Diseases,   Table  of. 

Currant  {kcr'-ant)  [ME.],  i.  Uva  passa  minor  ;  the 
small,  dried,  seedless  grapes  of  Greece;  formerly 
used  in  pharmacy.  2.  The  fruit  of  various  species  of 
Kibes,  as  A',  nigrum,  the  black  currant,  preparations 
of  which  have  long  been  employed  in  the  home- 
treatment  of  sore-throats.  Unof.  C. -jelly  Clot,  a 
soft  variety  of  clot  seen  in  thrombi,  the  fibrin  being 
stained  by  the  presence  of  red  cells. 

Current  \kcr'-cnt)  [currere,  to  run].  In  electricity,  a 
term  applied  to  the  transference  of  electric  force, 
which  \n  arbitrarily  likened  to  the  flow  of  a  liquid  in 
a  confined  passage.  C,  Action,  the  physiologic 
current  obtained  during  the  activity  of  a  muscle  or 
nerve.  C,  After,  a  current  produced  in  nervous  or 
muscular  tissue  when  a  constant  current  which  has 
been  flowing  through  the  same  has  been  stopped.  C, 
Alternating,  a  term  applied  to  a  current  which,  by- 
means  of  an  interrupter,  is  alternately  direct  and 
reverse.  This  current  is  employed  (in  New  York)  for 
the  execution  of  capital  sentences.  C,  Ascending, 
the  current  formed  by  placing  the  positive  electrode 
upon  the  periphery  of  a  nerve  and  the  negative  upon 
the  surface  over  the  nerve-center  in  the  spinal  cord. 
C,  Axial,  a  current  passing  through  a  nerve  in  the 
direction  opposite  to  that  taken  by  the  normal  impulse. 
C,  Battery,  a  galvanic  current.  C,  Blood,  the 
stream  of  blood  as  it  flows  from  and  back  to  the  heart. 
C, Centrifugal, a  descending  current.  C, Centripetal, 
an  ascending  current.  C,  Constant.  See  C,  Con- 
tinuous. C,  Continuous,  a  constant,  uninterrupted 
current  in  one  direction.  C,  Critical,  the  current  at 
which  a  certain  result  is  reached.  C,  Demarcation, 
the  muscle-current  of  Du  Bois  Reymond  ;  the  current 
obtained  from  an  injured  muscle.  C,  Derived,  a  cur- 
rent drawn  off  by  a  derivation- wire  from  the  main  cur- 
rent. C  Descending,  one  passing  through  a  nerve 
centrifugallv.  the  anode  being  placed  proximally,  the 
cathode  distally.  C,  Diffusion  of,  the  power  of  a 
galvanic  current  to  extend  its  influence  in  all  direc- 
tions, the  same  power  never  being  limited  to  the 
two  electrodes.  C,  Direct,  a  current  constant  in 
direction,  in  contradistinction  to  an  alternating  current. 
C  Electrotonic,  in  electro-therapeutics,  a  current 
due  to  internal  polarization  in  the  nerve-fiber  between 
the  conducting  core  of  the  nerve  and  the  enclosing 
sheath.  C,  Faradic,  the  current  produced  by  an  in- 
duction-coil, or  bv  a  magneto-electric  machine.  C 
Franklinic.  a  term  sometimes  used  in  electro-thera- 
peutics for  a  current  produced  by  the  action  of  a  fac- 
tional electric  machine.  C,  Galvanic,  a  current 
generated  by  the  decomposition  of  acidulated  water 
by  means  of  metallic  plates.  C,  Induced.  See  ('. . 
Secondary.      C,  Interrupted,  a  current  that  is  alter- 


nately opened  and  closed.  C,  Inverse,  an  ascending 
or  centripetal  current.  C,  Labile,  moving  one  or 
both  electrodes  ovei  the  surface  treated.  C,  Muscu- 
lar or  Nerve,  Alteration  Theory  of,  a  pro- 
posedby  L.  I  Eermann,  in  which  the  currents  of  nen 
muscular  fibers  an  regarded  as  a  result  of  their  altera 
tion  from  any  original  condition;  Molecular  Theory 
of,  a  theory  proposed  byDu  Bois  Reymond,  according 
to  wliu  h  every  nerve  or  muscular  liber  is  regarded  a- 
composed  of  a  series  of  electro-motive  molecules  ar- 
ranged in  series  and  surrounded  by  a  neutral  conduct- 
ing fluid.  C,  Reversed,  that  produced  by  changing 
the  poles.  C,  Secondary,  a  momentary  current 
produced  when  a  coil  of  insulated  \\ire  i-  introdui  ed 
within  the  field  of  another  coil,  through  which  a  i 
tinuous  current  is  passing.  When  tin- coil  is  removed 
from  the  held  there  is  a  momentary  current  in  the  op- 
posite direction.  C,  Secretion,  a  current  following 
stimulation  of  the  secretory  nerves.  C. -selector,  a 
device  for  altering  the  strength  of  a  current.  C, 
Stabile,  a  current  applied  with  both  electrodes  in  a 
fixed  position.  C,  Swelling,  one  that  begins  weak 
and  is  gradually  made  stronger,  and  again  gradually 
diminished.  C,  To  and  Fro,  a  Faradic  current.  C, 
Voltaic,  the  continuous  current. 

Curry  ikerf-e)  [Canarese,  kari\  A  sauce,  originally 
Anglo-Indian,  containing  turmeric,  coriander,  capsi- 
cum, garlic,  ginger,  etc.  ;  it  is  much  employed  as  a 
relish  or  appetizer,  especially  in  warm  countries; 
also,  a  dish  seasoned  with  the  foregoing. 

Curschmann's  Spirals.  Corkscrew-like  threads  of 
mucin  contained  in  the  small,  thick  pellets  that  ate 
expectorated  during  or  at  the  close  of  an  asthmatic 
paroxysm.  They  are  supposed  to  be  casts  of  the 
bronchioles,  and  have  also  been  seen  in  simple  bron- 
chitis and  in  pneumonia.  C.  Theory.  See  Bronchio- 
litis c.\  inlativa. 

Curtate  (kcr'-fdt)  [curtatus,  shortened] .  See  Expecta- 
tion of  Life.   C.  Expectation.  See  Expectation  of  Life. 

Curtman's  Test.     See  Tests,   Table  of. 

Curvature  (ker/-vat-ur)  [curvare,  to  curve].  A  bend- 
ing or  curving.  C.  Angular.  See  Spondylitis.  C, 
Potts',  angular  curvature  of  the  spine,  with  a  posterior 
projection.  C.  of  Spine.  See  Caries,  Kyphosis, 
Scoliosis. 

Curve  [kerv)  [curvus,  bent].  A  bending  or  flexure. 
C.  of  Carus,  in  obstetrics,  a  portion  of  the  arc  of  a 
circle  the  circumference  of  which  lies  in  the  median 
line  of  the  pelvis,  the  center  being  at  the  symphysis 
pubis ;  the  curve  is  that  part  of  the  arc  that  lies 
between  the  planes  of  the  inlet  and  the  outlet. 

Curvicaudate  [ker-ve-kawf-dat\  [curvus,  curved; 
cauda,  a  tail].      In  biology,  having  a  curved  tail. 

Curvidentate  [ker-ve-den' '-tat)  [curvus,  curved;  dens, 
tooth].      In  biology,  having  curved  teeth. 

Curvifoliate  (ker-ve-fo/-le-at )  [curvus,  curved  ;  folium, 
leaf].      In  biology,  having  curved  leaves. 

Curvinervate  [ker-ve-ner1 '-vat)  [curvus,  curved; 
nervus,  nerve].  In  biology,  applied  to  leaves  the 
veins  of  which  are  curved  and  nearly  parallel  in  their 
course. 

Curvirostral  [ker-ve-ros' -tral)  [curvus,  curved;  ros- 
trum. ht\ik~\.     In  biology,  having  a  crooked  bill  or  beak. 

Curvoisier  and  Von  Hacker's  Method.     See  ( 
/ions.    Table  of. 

Cusack's  Operation.      See   Operations.   Table  of. 

Cuscamidin  [kus-kam' -id-in)  [cusco ;  amid].  A  sub 
stance  found  in  Cinchonas. 

Cuscamin  [kits' -ham-in)  [cusco;  amin~\.  A  crystalline 
substance  found  in  Cinchonas. 

Cusco  Bark  [kus'-ko  bark  I.  A  kind  of  cinchona  ;  the 
bark  of  a  variety  of  Cinchona  pubescens. 


CUS<  I  INIDIN 


346 


i  VANOGEN 


Cusconidin         -.  ]         An    alkaloid 

found  in 

Cusconin  H    \  I  ',      A  crys 

tall                       found  in  a  kirk. 
Cushings   Operation. 

Cushion                        [  M I  .                  ■   •'  cushion].     A 

;  «  the  purpose  of  reclin- 

Cusp  Qt]       1  he   i  rown  or  pro 

:h. 
Cusparia  Bark  ura. 

Cuspid  Teeth  four  I  :eth  that  have 

situated,  one  on  each  side, 
in  lateral    incisor   and    first 

Cuspidate  i  point].     In  biology, 

.  rigid  point. 

CuspiJatus  '  point:  pi.,  Cus- 

i '].      A  i  uspid  ti 

I  [Pg.,  ■  a  spittoon].      \ 

ring  the  ejecta  from  the 
•ali.      C,  Sanitary,  ;i  small  i  rd  or  woo 

cup  with  a  cover  su]  a  ;i  rim  of  metal.     Tl 

i    -  ime   water  or  disinfecting 
.  and  at  the  end  of  the  day  should  be  thrown 
int  an-  used   to   prevent   the  dissem- 

inal  of  tuberculos 

Cuss.'  lyera  and  A'ooso. 

Cut  .  to  cut].     To  incise,  a- with  a 

km  Vn  incision.     In  biology,  a  cleft. 

C. -velvet. 
Cutaneous  the  skin].      Pertaining 

C.  Calculus.     See  Milium.      C.  Em- 
physema, ma.     C.  Horns.    See  Cornu 
C.    Respiration,    the    transpiration    of 
in. 
Cutch                   [Anglo.-Ind.].     i.   A    name   given    to 
r.  the  dried  extract  from  Acacia  catechu,  cul- 
in  India  and  Hannah,  and  containing  45  to  55 
ecial  variety  of  tannic  acid  (catechu- 
tannic  >>r  mimotannic).     It  is  used  in  leather-manu- 
I  .    tool,  or  book  of  parchment  leaves, 
j  dd  is  lieaten  int  1  foil. 
Cuticle  [kie'-tik-l)   [dim.  of  cutis,  the  skin].      The  epi- 

e  Skin. 

Cuticula   1  ku-tik'-u-lah)   [dim.  of  cutis,  a  skin].      The 

.    lamellated   layer   of  the  wall   of  hydatid 

C.  dentis,  the  cuticle  of  a  tooth;    Nasmyth's 

the   delicate    horny   envelop    that    covers 

the  enamel  of  young  and  unworn  teeth. 

Cuticular  [cuticula,  dim.    of  cutis,  the 

ir  pertaining  to  the  skin. 

Cuticularization      (ku-tii-u-lar-iz-a/-shun)     [cuticula, 

in].       The  formation  of  a  cuticula. 

Cutin  skin].      In    biology,   cork-sub- 

n  of  cellulose  1  I  -  remy),  also  called 

Cutipunctor  1    [cutis,    skin;    punctor, 

•  ]       An  instrument  for  puncturing  the  skin. 
Cut:  [I..].       The  derma,  or  true   skin.      C. 

ansenna.  C.pendula.     Synonym 

C.  testacea,  a  variety  of  seborrhea 
nk    and 

!  with  large,  thick  plates  of  greasy, 

•r  blackish,  from 

dirt  upon  them.     There  is  no  inflam- 

a.     C.  unctuosa.     Syn- 

Cutisatioi  in],     Theacquire- 

Cutisector       1  .,  cutter]. 


An  instrument    for   taking   small    sections  of  skin  from 

the  living  subject  for  microscopic  study. 

Cut-off  Muscle.  A  popular  designation  for  the  com- 
pressor urethr.e  muscle.      See  Muscles.  Tabic  of. 

Cutose  [ku'-tds)  [cutis,  skin].  In  biology,  the  substance 
forming  the  thin  outer  covering  of  the  aerial  organs  of 
plants  (  Frenn  |, 

Cuttle,  Cuttlebone  {kutf-l,  kutf-lbdn),      See  Sepia. 

Cuvier,  Angle  of.  See  Angle.  C,  Canals  of.  See 
Canal.      C,  Ducts  of.     See  Pud. 

Cyanalcohol  [si-an-aV '-ko-hol)  [icvavog,  dark-blue; 
alcohol].  Cyanhydrin  ;  a  substance  obtained  by  the 
union  of  an  aldehyd  with  hydrocyanii  acid. 

Cyanaldehyd  {si-an-al' -de-hid )  [icvavog,  dark-blue ; 
aldehyd  "j.  A  substitution-compound  of  acetic  alde- 
hyd. ' 

Cyanalkin  {si-an-al'-kin)  [icvavog,  blue;  alkali"].  One 
ol  the  products  of  the  action  of  sodium  upon  the  pure 
nitrites.  The  cyanalkins  are  crystalline  and  strongly 
alkaline  bases,  and  form  salts  with  one  equivalent  of 
the  acids. 

Cyanamid  {si-an'-am-id  )  [icvavog,  blue;  amid  ] ,  CN.  ■ 
NIL.  A  white,  crystalline  body  prepared  by  the  ac- 
tion of  ammonia  on  cyanogen  chlorid. 

Cyananilid  [si-an-an'-il-id)  [icvavog,  blue;  anilin]. 
(  -\.II.  Phenylcyanamid,  a  body  formed  on  conduct- 
ing ( )N<  1,  into  a  cooled  ethereal  solution  of  anilin.  It 
is  readily  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether,  but  dissolves 
with  difficulty  in  water. 

Cyanbenzene  [si-an-ben'-zen).     See  Benzonitrile. 

Cyanein  [si-an-e'-in)  [niavoq,  dark-blue].  In  biology, 
the  blue  pigment  found  by  Krukenberg  in  Rhizostoma, 
Vellella,  Aurelia,  and  Cyanea.  It  is  soluble  in  water, 
insoluble  in  benzene,  carbon  disulphid,  and  chloro- 
form. 

Cyanephidrosis       {si-an-efid-ro'  [icvavog,    blue  ; 

dpuoig,  sweat].      Hlue  sweat. 

Cyanetholin  [si-an  -cth'-o-lin)  [icvavog, blue ;  ethyl"].  A 
liquid  of  ethereal  odor,  insoluble  in  water,  and  de- 
composing when  distilled.  The  cyanetholins  are  the 
esters  of  the  cyanic  acids. 

Cyanhematin  (si-an-hem' '-at-in)  [nvavoc,  blue  ;  alua, 
blood].  A  substance  produced  by  adding  a  solution 
of  cyanid  of  potassium  to  a  solution  of  blood,  and 
heating  gently  for  some  time. 

Cyanhydrin  [si-an-hi' '-driri).     See  Cyanalcohol. 

Cyanhydrosis     isi-an-hid-ro'-sis).   See   Cyanephidrosis. 

Cyanic  [si-an'-ik)  [icvavog,  blue].  Blue  or  bluish.  C. 
Acid.      See  Acid,  Cyanic. 

Cyanid  {si'-an-id)  [icvavog,  blue].  Any  compound 
of  cyanogen  with  a  metal  or  a  radical.  Most  of  the 
cyanids  are  actively  poisonous. 

Cyanidrosis     (si-an-id-ro'-sis).     Same  as  Cyanephidro- 

Cyanin  [si'-aii-in)  [icvavog,  dark-blue].  I.  In  biol- 
ogy, the  blue  pigment  of  certain  flowers,  as  the  corn- 
flower, violet,  iris,  etc.  2.  <',,ll,  Y,l.  A  blue  dye 
formerly  prepared  by  heating  quinolin  amyl  iodid 
with  potassium  hydroxid.  Same  as  Quinolin-blue. 
Pigments,  Conspectus  of .  C.-blue.  See  Pigments, 
mspectus  of. 

Cyanochroia  [si-an-o-kroi' '-ah)  [icbavog,  blue;  \[potd, 
C(  >1<  ir].     1  yanosis. 

Cyanoderma  [si-an-o-der1 '-mah)  [hinror,  blue;  depua, 
skin].      (  yanosis. 

Cyanodermia  [si-an-o-derf-me-aK\.      See  Cyanoderma. 

Cyanogen     {si-an'-o-j  u  1    [  <  blue;     ytwav,    to 

produce].      A  radical   molecule   having  the  structure 
CN,  an  acid  compound  of  carbon  and  nitrogen,  exist- 
ing as  a  colorless,  combustible  gas,  exceedingly  pois 
onous.       With     hydrogen     it    forms    hydrocyanic   or 
prussic  acid;  with  metals,  the  cyanids ;   with  oxygen, 


CYANOHEM( )(,!.( >BIN 


347 


CYLINDRO  EPHALIC 


the  compound  known  as  fulminic  acid.  <  yanogen 
and  hydrocyanic  acid  are  usually  distinguished  by  the 
odor  nf  hitter  almonds. 

Cyanohemoglobin  (  si-au' ' -o-hem-o-glo* '-hin  i  [kvi 
blue;  yewdv,  to  produce;  n'nui,  blood;  globus,  a 
ball].  A  peculiar  compound  of  hydrocyanii  acid  and 
hemoglobin,  made  by  the  addition  oi  hydrocyanic  acid 
to  warm  blood  outside  of  the  body.  ["his  substance 
is  entirely  wanting  in  the  ozonizing  power  of  normal 
oxyhemoglobin. 

Cyanomycosis  {si-an' -o  tni-ko' -sis)\_Ki  avm; \\wtt ;  //'  «7f, 
fungus].  The  production  of  blue  pus,  or  of  pus 
charged  with  Micrococcus pyocyaneus.     See  Bacteria. 

Cyanopathy  [si-an-opr-a-the\.     See  Cyanosis. 

Cyanophilous  [si-an-off,-il-us\  [idiavoq,  blue;  (piXieiv, 
to  love].     Stainable  with  blue  coloring-matter. 

Cyanophyl  (si-an'-o-fil)  [tcbaooc,  dark-blue;  or/'/nr, 
leaf].  Fremy's  name  for  a  supposed  blue  constituent 
of  chlorophyl. 

Cyanopia  {si-an-</-peah)  \_Kravnr,  blue;  in]/,  eye].  A 
perverted  state  of  the  visual  powers,  during  which  all 
objects  appear  blue. 

Cyanosin  [si-an'-o-sin)  [jtbavog,  blue].  One  of  the 
Fluorescein  colors.      See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Cyanosis  (si-tiu-o'-sis)  [kAjovoq,  blue].  A  bluish  dis- 
coloration of  the  skin  from  non-oxidation  of  the  blood, 
caused  by  local  or  general  circulatory  diseases.  It 
may  be  due  to  the  admixture  of  arterial  and  venous 
blood,  as  when  there  is  a  deficiency  of  the  septum 
between  the  auricles  and  ventricles.  It  is  seen  in 
various  diseases  of  the  heart  and  lungs.  C,  Con- 
genital.    See  Blue  Disease. 

Cyanospermia  {si-an,-o-sper,-me-ah  )  [icvavog,  blue ; 
a-ipfia,  sperm].  A  condition  wherein  the  semen  has 
a  bluish  tint. 

Cyanotic  [si-an-of-ik)  \jcbavog,  blue].  Relating  to  or 
affected  with  cyanosis. 

Cyanuric  Acid  (si-an-u'-rik).      See  Acid,  Tricyanic. 

Cyanurin  (si-an-u'-rin)  [xvavoc,  blue;  oipov,  urine]. 
I  roglaucin  or  urine-indigo  ;  indigo  found  in  the  urine 
in  cystitis  and  in  chronic  kidney-diseases ;  it  is  also 
occasionally  found  in  apparent  health. 

Cyar  [si'-ar)  [/aap,  the  eye  of  a  needle].  The  internal 
auditory  meatus. 

Cyasma  (si-as'-mah)  [kveeiv,  to  be  pregnant :  //. , 
Cyasmatd\.  The  peculiar  freckle  sometimes  seen 
upon  pregnant  women. 

Cyathiform  {si' '  -ath-if-orni)  Tcyatkus,  a  cup ;  forma, 
shape].     In  biology,  cup-shaped. 

Cyclarthrosis  [sik-lar-thro'-sis)  [/ci'/c/loc, circle ;  apflpuaic, 
a  joint].  A  pivot-joint;  lateral  ginglymus,  or  rotary 
diarthrosis;  an  articulation  that  admits  of  decided  rota- 
tion in  one  of  its  elements. 

Cyclic  (si'-klik)  [kvk/ukoc,  circular].  Having  cycles  or 
periods  of  exacerbation  or  change,  as  cyclic  insanity. 
In  biology,  applied  to  flowers  whose  organs  are  ar- 
ranged in  whorls.  C.  Albuminuria.  See  Albumi- 
nuria.     C.  Insanity.     See  Insanity. 

Cyclicotomy  {si-klik-ot'-o-me)  \kvk7ak6c,  circular ; 
ri  uveiv,  to  cut].  Surgical  incision  or  division  of  the 
ciliary  body. 

Cyclitic  Shell  (si-klit'-ik)  [kitc/v/ioc,  circular].  A  co- 
herent, solid,  fibrous  mass  of  exudate,  completely 
enveloping  the  crystalline  lens. 

Cyclitis  {stk-Ii' -tis)  \_kI'k/o<;.  a  circle  ;  trig,  inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation  of  the  ciliary  body,  characterized 
bv  a  zone  of  congestion  in  the  sclerotic  coat  surround- 
ing the  cornea.  It  is  a  serious  condition,  often  impli- 
cating adjacent  structures.  It  may  be  serous,  plastic, 
or  suppurative.  Irido-cyclitis.  the  involvement  of 
both  iris  and  ciliary  body  in  the  inflammatory  proci  5S 

Cyclocephalus     {si-klo-sef -al-tts)    [kvkAoc,     a    circle; 


Ke<pa/.i/,  head].     I.   A  species  of  single  autositii   i 

Sti  r>  (  harai  trri/ed  by  a  more  or  le-s  c<  implete  absence 
of  the  olfactory  organs,  together  with  an  intimate 
union  of  imperfectly  developed  or  rudimentary  visual 
aiis,  situated  in  the  median  line.  2.  A  variety  of 
this  spei  ies  in  which  there  is  a  fusion  of  the  orbital 
cavities  and  of  the  eyes,  without  a  vestige  of  a  r. 
or  of  a  proboscis. 

Cycloid  isi'-kloid)  [msXag,  a  circle  ;  e'kW,  form].  In 
biology,  having  a  circular  form. 

Cyclophoria  {sik-lo-fo'-re-ah)  [kvkDjoq,  a  circle  ; 

to  bear].  I.  A  term  applied  to  the  circulation  of  the 
fluids  of  the  body.  2.  An  insufficiency  of  the  oblique 
muscles  of  the  eye,  giving  the  eyes  a  tendency  to  roll 
outward  or  inward,  so  that  the  naturally  vertical  meri- 
dians would  diverge  either  at  the  upper  or  lower 
extremities. 

Cyclopia   {si-klo'-pe-ah).      See  Synophthalmia. 

Cycloplegia  [si-klo-ple'-je-ah)  [/ewefoe,  circle;    ->/ 
stroke].      Paralysis  of  the  ciliary  muscle  of  the  e\ 

Cyclops  (si' -kips)  [m ' K/or,  circle  ;  o>ip,  eye].  A  con- 
genital malformation  consisting  in  a  fusion  of  the  two 
eyes  into  one.      See  Rhinocephalus. 

Cyclosis  (si-klo'-sis)  \_ni k'/oc,  a  circle].  In  biology, 
circulation,  as  of  the  protoplasm  within  a  cell. 

Cyclothymia   (si-klo-thim'-e-ah)  [xiicXoc,  circle ; 
mind].      <  vclic  insanity.      See  Insanity. 

Cyclotome  (sik'-lo-toni)  [/ci'/c/or,  circle  ;  r  .  cut- 
ting].     A  kind  of  knife  for  performing  cyclotomy. 

Cyclotomy  {sik-lot'-o-mc)  [kvk?jOc,  round;  rofiij,  section]. 
An  operation  proposed  for  the  relief  of  glaucoma,  con-, 
sisting  of  an  incision  through  the  ciliary  body. 

Cydonium  (si-do'-ue-um)  [ko8£wiov,  a  quince].  'Quince- 
seed.  The  seeds  of  C.  vulgaris,  employed  mainly  for 
the  mucilage  contained  in  the  epithelial  covering,  which 
consists  of  a  compound  of  gum  and  glucose.  C. 
mucilago,  quince-seeds  2,  macerated  in  water  loo 
parts,  is  a  bland  demulcent,  known  as  Bandolin,  and 
used  as  a  hair-dressing. 

Cyematocardia  isi-em-at-o-kar'-de-aK)  [ni  i/ua,  a  fetus  ; 
Kapfiia,  a  heart].       fetal  rhythm  of  the  heart-sounds. 

Cyesiognosis  (si-e-se-og-no'-sis)  [kvijoic,  pregnancy; 
yvuoic,  knowledge].     The  diagnosis  of  pregnancy. 

Cyesiology  (si-e-se-ol'-o-je)  [tan/aic,  pregnancy ;  /«;"</. 
treatise].  The  science  of  gestation  in  its  medical 
aspects. 

Cyesis  [si-e'-sis)  [nvqatc,  pregnancy].      Pregnancy. 

Cyetic  (si-et'-ik)  \kvi]tlko<;,  pregnant].  Relating  to 
pregnancy. 

Cylicotomy  (il-ik-ot'-o-me)  [m'/'5,  cup;  teuveiv,  to 
cut].      Surgical  incision  of  the  ciliary  muscle. 

Cylinder  [stlf -in-der)  [KvTuvdpog,  a  cylinder].  Along, 
circular  body.  See,  also,  Lenses.  C.-cone  of 
Kuhnt,  one  of  the  conical  sections  marked  off  by  the 
"  incisures"  and  going  to  build  up  the  annular  seg- 
ments of  a  medullated  nerve-fiber.  C. -filling,  a  till- 
ing, the  material  of  which  is  composed  of  gold-foil  or 
tin-foil  cylinders,  sometimes  called  block-tilling.  C. 
of  Gold-foil,  a  form  of  gold-foil  for  filling  teeth, 
made  by  rolling  a  tape  of  non-cohesive  gold  upon  a 
fine  broach,  commencing  at  one  end  of  the  tape  and 
continuing  the  movement  until  the  desired  size  of  the 
cylinder  is  reached. 

Cylindrenchyma    {sil-in-dreng* -kim~ah)    [kv7uv6(* 
cylinder;    tyxvfia,    an    infusion].      In  biology,  tissue 
composed  of  cylindric  cells. 

Cylindric  [sH-in'-drik),  or  Cylindrical  [sil-tn' -drik-al) 
[tcvXivSpog,  a  cylinder].  Pertaining  to  or  like  a 
cylinder.      C.  Lenses.      See  Lenses. 

Cylindrocephalic  {sil-in'-dro-sef-al'-ik)  [iw'hivSpoQ, 
cylinder;  KBpatej,  head].  Affected  with  cylindro- 
cephaly. 


i  \  1  IM.R.  »C1  I'll  \1V 


348 


CYR  1".  EPHALUS 


CVI.INDROIDS. 

a  and  b.  Cast-like  forms. 
.  lil  tmentous  forms. 


Cylindrocephalv  \li" 

dei  .  \    ■  )    ndrii    formation   of   the 

ill. 
Cylindroid  .   cylinder; 

likeness].       A     name 
n  i"  a  ■ 

.  ucntly  found   in 
orii 

It 

lin  .1m 

Us,     IW1 

len  the 

.1-    renal 

l'i. 

■us      sha 
dm  s  and  t- 

ng  them 

I  'he 

rrow  and 
ind  often  bi- 

Cyliniroma 

.  lin- 

A  tumor  peculiar  to  the  orbit  of  the  eye,  to  the  face, 

and  t.>  the  stomach,  composed  of  cylindric  or  club-like 

hyaline  processes.      It  is  a  variety  of  myxo-sarcoma. 

Cyhndrosis    [sil-in-a  |  to  roll].       V 

variety   of    bony  articulation,  the    bone    being    rolled 

f  to   f  inn  a  canal   and   then   a  suture,  as  in 

the  cranium. 

Cyllosis    [sit  [\r/v.(j<7/<;,   crippled].      Club-foot ; 

l.un  im  deformity. 

Cyllosoma  |   ..'-.  ,  lame  ;  ffiifia,  a  body  : 

]       A  variety  of  single  autositic  mon- 
-    celosoma,    in   which    there    is    a 
lateral    eventration   occupying   principally  the   lower 
portion  of   the  abdomen,   with  absence  or  imperfect 
development   of    the    lower    extremity    on    that    side 
i  by  the  eventration. 
Cyllum  .  crooked].      Knock-knee. 

Cymba    dm'-bah)  [*/■«. fy,  a  boat].      In  biology,  aboat- 

spicule. 
Cymbiform  orm)  [cymba,  boat ;  forma ,  shape]. 

In  1  C.  Bone,  the  scaphoid  bone. 

Cymbocephalia  ef-a' -le-ah).     See  Cymboceph- 

Cymbocephalic,  or  Cymbocephalous   [sim-bo-sef-aV '- 
■   ;/  i   [m  .;  ■>//,  boal  ;  .  bead], 

haly. 

Cymbocephaiy 

adition    of    having    a    boat-shaped 

Cyni'  ,  ,ung    sprout].      In    biology,  a 

thi    determinate  or  centrifugal 

Cymene  (  vminum,  cumin],  C,0HU.     A   hy- 

her  w-iih  cumic  aldehyd, 
hi    /'/////iiu/m   cyminum), 
li  i-  prepared  by  treating 
vitriol.     It  is  a  pleasantl) 
i    -      176°  <'.;   its  specific 

Cyrnoge    ■  jn;  yhn/g,  pro 

ileum,  gaseous  at 

by  1  old  or  1 

11  v  uo° 
irtificial 

>.ld   for  lot  al 
or  min 


Cymose  [sif-mdi)  [Kbfia,  a  young  sprout].      In  l>i" 
pertaining  to  a  cyme  ;  bearing  cymes. 

Cynanche  [sin-angf -ke)  [k'uuv,  a  dog;  &yxeiv,  to 
strangle].  An  old  name  for  any  acute  affection  of 
the  throat,  as  diphtheria,  croup,  tonsillitis,  etc.,  in 
which  the  patient  struggles  lor  breath  (as  a  panting 
dog).  See  also  Angina.  C.  maligna,  a  fatal  form 
.1  sore  throat.  C.  suffocativa.  Synonym  of  Croup. 
C.  tonsillaris.     See  Quinsy. 

Cynanthropia  [sin-an-thro' '-pe-ah)  [kvw,  dog;  avtipuirof 
a  man].  A  mania  in  which  the  patient  believes  him- 
self a  dog,  and  imitates  the  actions  of  one. 

Cyniatria  [si/ir-a-fri'-a//]  [m  wv,  do<j ;  larpfia,  med- 
ication]. Thescienceortreati.se  of  the  diseases  of 
the  dog  and  their  treatment. 

Cynic  Isin'-ik)  [/cwwcdf,  dog  like].  Pertaining  to  a 
dog.  C.  Spasm,  a  contraction  of  the  facial  muscles 
upon  one  side,  so  as  to  expose  the  teeth  in  the  man- 
ner of  an  angry  dog. 

Cynobex  hebetica  [si'-no-beki  he-bef-ik-ah)  [/rfiwv, 
dot,';  jS^f,  cough;  /,  .  youthful].     The  convul- 

sive cough  of  puberty;  aloud,  dry.  barking  cough 
that  often  attacks  boys  and  girls  at  puberty.  General 
hygienic  treatment  is  usually  curative. 

Cynocephalous  [sin-o-sef -al-us)  [m»uv,  dog;  at  yu '/./;, 
the  head].      With  the  head  dog-shaped. 

Cynodontes       [si-no-don'-Iez)       [wm',    dog;     060 
bddvToq,  tooth].     The  canine  teeth,  so  called  from  their 
resemblance  to  the  teeth  of  a  dog.     See  Cuspid  Teeth. 

Cynoglossum  [si-no-glosJ '-urn).    See  Hound's  Tongue. 

Cynolyssa  [si-no-lisf-ah)  [k/'uv,  dog;  '/.iaaa,  rabies]. 
Hydrophobia ;  rabies. 

Cynophobia  [si-no-fo* ' -be-ah)\x^(ov>  adog;  <p6(3o$,  fear]. 
1.    Morbid  fear  of  dogs.     2.    Imaginary  hydrophobia. 

Cynorexia  [si-no-reks' -e-aK)  [kvov,  dog;  bpe^tq,  appe- 
tite].     Canine  voracity ;   bulimia. 

Cynospasmus  {si-no-spas' -mus)  [kvov,  dog ;  a~aafi6^, 
spasm].      Same  as  Cynic  Spasm. 

Cynurenic  Acid  [sin-u-ren'-ik)  [k&ov,  a  dog;  ovpov, 
urine],  <  !20H14N2O„  -f-  2H.20.  A  crystalline  acid  found 
in  dog's  urine  It  is  a  decomposition-product  of  pro- 
teids.      On  heating  it  cynurin  is  evolved. 

Cynurin  (../;/' -u-rin)  \_nri,>v,  a  dog;  ovpov,  urine], 
C18HUN2<  >.,.  A  base  obtained  by  heating  cynurenic 
a<  id  to  2500. 

Cyophoria  (si-o-fo'-re-ah)  [k^oc,  fetus;  tykpeiv,  to 
carry].      Pregnancy;   gestation. 

Cyopin  isV-o-pin)  [tcvaveog,  blue;  irbov,  pus].  The 
coloring-matter  found  in  blue  pus. 

Cyphosis  [si-fa* -si  ).     See    Kyphosis. 

Cypripedin  [sip-rip-e* -din)   [xi-p/r,  Venus;   irddutv,   a 
slipper],     A  precipitate  from  the  tincture  of  ( 
dium    pubescens ;    antispasmodic,    nervine,    narcotic. 
I  'ose   '..  to  .?  grains.      Unof. 

Cypripedium  (sip-rip^-de-um)  [xi-pic,  Venus;  -<'>A/<>y, 
a  slipper].  Lady's  Slipper.  The  roots  of  C.  /- 
cens  and  C.  parviflorum,  American  valerian,  with 
properties  due  to  a  volatile  oil  and  acid.  It  is  an 
antispasmodic  and  stimulant  tonic,  Used  instead  of 
valerian,  which  it  resembles.  C,  Fid.  Ext.  Dose 
n\x-xxx. 

Cypriphobia    [sip-rif-o' -be-ah)  [i&irpig,  \  enus ;    <:<■ 
1        of  sexual  intercoui 

Cyprus  Vitriol  [sif-prus  v/^-re-ol).  Same  as  Blue 
Vitriol.     C.  Fever.     Same  as  Malta  Fever. 

Cypsela  [sip-sel' '-ah)  [icutyk'Xa,  a  hollow,  cup-like 
structure].  In  biology,  a  term  sometimes  applied  to 
an  mi  which  is  invested   with  an  adnate  calyx 

such  as  that  of  the  ( lompositae. 

Cyron  (sir*  oh).      See  Chyt   u 

Cyrtocephalus      [sit  il-us)      \_Kvpr6q,     convex; 

', ,  head  J.      1  laving  a  short  head, 


CYRTOCORYPHUS 


349 


I  \  51  [NURIA 


Cyrtocoryphus  {sir-to- kor* '-if -us)  \Kvpr6q,  convex; 
Kopwpq,  the  crown  of  the  head].  Li-  .iw  i  -  term  for 
a  skull  with  a  parietal  angle  betwi  en  122°  and  1320. 

Cyrtograph  {sir* -to-graf)  \xupr6g,  curved;  ypcupeiv,  to 
record].    A  recording  cyrtometer. 

Cyrtoma  {sir-to' -mah)   (  a,  a  curving:    />/.,  Cyr- 

tomatd\.       A    convexity,    especially    one    that    is    ab- 
normal. 

Cyrtometer    (sir-torn' -et-er)    [nvprSg,    curved;  fiirpov, 
a  measure].     An    instrument  adapted   for  mi 
curves,  and  especially  those  of  the  chest. 

Cyrtometopus  (sir-to-met-op'-us)  \jtvprog,  convex; 
piiTanrov,  the  forehead].  Lissauer's  term  for  a  skull 
in  which  the  angle  formed  by  lines  connecting  the 
nuMon  with  the  bregma  and  the  metopion  i.-^  between 
1200  and  1 30. 50. 

Cyrtonosus  (sir-ton' -o-sus)  \Kvpr6g,  curved  ;  ruaog, 
a  disease].      Synonym  for  Khachitis. 

Cyrtopisthocranius  (sir-to-pis-tho-kra' -ne-us)  \Kvpr6  . 
curved  ;  bwiaOoKpavtov,  the  occiput].  Lissauer's  term 
for  a  skull  in  which  the  angle  of  the  summit  of  the 
occiput  is  between  1 1 70  and  i_;o0. 

Cyrtosis  (sir-to' -sis)  \_Kvpr.uacg,  curvature  :  //. ,  Cyrtoses~\ . 
Any  deformity,  especially  one  that  affects  the  bones. 

Cyrturanus  (sir-iur-a'-  nus)  \jcupT6g,  curved;  o'vpavog, 
the  roof  of  the  mouth].  Lissauer's  term  for  a  skull 
in  which  the  angle  at  the  roof  of  the  mouth  is  between 
1320  and  147.5°. 

Cyst  (sist)  [hlotic,  sl  pouch].  A  cavity  containing  fluid 
and  surrounded  by  a  capsule.  C.,  Blood.  See 
Hematoma.  C,  Cutaneous.  See  C,  Dermoid.  C, 
Dentigerous,  one  containing  teeth  ;  one  form  is  found 
in  the  ovaries.  C,  Dermoid,  a  congenital  cyst  con- 
taining bone,  hair,  teeth,  etc.  ;  the  cyst-wall  is  like 
the  skin.  C,  Echinococcus,  a  cyst  formed  in 
various  tissues  and  organs  of  m?n  by  the  larva  of  the 
Tenia  echinococcus  of the  dog,  taken  into  the  stomach. 
C,  Exudation,  one  resulting  from  increase  of  exuda- 
tion, or  from  exudation  into  a  closed  cavity.  C, 
Hydatid.  See  C,  Echinococcus.  C,  Meibomian. 
See  Chalazion.  C,  Mucous,  a  retention  cyst  con- 
taining mucus.  C,  Multilocular,  one  composed  of 
many  separate  compartments.  C,  Miillerian,  a  cyst 
containing  mucus,  blood,  or  pus,  developed  in  the 
remnants  or  rudiments  of  the  inferior  or  vaginal 
portion  of  the  duct  of  Miiller.  C,  Piliferous,  a 
hair-containing  or  dermoid  cyst.  C,  Primary,  one 
newly  formed,  not  from  distention.  C,  Retention, 
one  that  is  due  to  the  non-expulsion  from  its  duct  of 
the  secretion  of  a  gland,  in  consequence  of  closure  of 
the  duct,  as  in  mucous  or  sebaceous  cysts.  C,  Seba- 
ceous, one  containing  fatty  material.  C,  Secondary, 
a  cyst  within  a  cyst.  C,  Sublingual.  See  Ranula. 
C,  Synovial,  one  resulting  from  the  distention  of 
bursce  or  synovial  sheaths.  C,  Tarsal.  See  Chala- 
zion C,  Unilocular,  one  having  but  a  single  cavitv. 
C,  Wolffian,  a  cyst  developed  in  the  inferior  vestiges 
of  the  canal  of  Wolff.  It  is  situated  in  the  anterior  or 
antero-lateral  vaginal  wall,  and  is  frequently  pro- 
longed toward  the  cervix  or  even  into  the  base  of  the 
broad  ligament. 

Cystadenoma  (sist-ad-en-o'-mak)  \_tiiarig,  cyst ;  aA^v, 
gland;  bita,  a  tumor:  pi. ,  Cystadenowata'j.  An  ad- 
enoma containing  cysts. 

Cystalgia  (sist-al'-je-ah)  [/c/crr/c,  bladder ;  a/; oc,  pain]. 
Pain  in  the  bladder. 

Cystatrophia  (sist-at-ro'-fe-ah)  [nvarir,  bladder;  arpo- 
ua,  want  of  nourishment].  Atrophy  of  the  urinary 
bladder. 

Cystauchenitis  (sist-aw-ken-i'-tis)  [Krnrtr,  bladder  ; 
hi '' 1  //!•,  neck  ;  trie,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of 
the  neck  of  the  bladder  ;   trachelocystitis. 


Cystauxe  (sist-awks'-e)  [jcvoTtg,  bladder;  avl-7),  in- 
1  rease  ].       I  hi<  kening  of  the  bladder. 

Cystectasia  [sist-ek-ti  \,  or  Cystectasy  (si 

[xvarcg,  bladder;  enTaoig,  a  stretching  out]. 
Surgical  dilatation  of  the  urethra  or  of  it-  prostatic 
portion  in  certain  operations  f 

Cystein  (sist'-e-in)  [/oWtc,  bladder],  <\.IL\o,s.  A 
compound  obtained  by  reducing  cystin  ;  it  is  a  crys- 
talline powder,  soluble  in  water,  yielding  an  indigo- 
blue  color  with  ferric  chlorid  ;  in  the  air  it  rapidly 
oxidizes  to  cystin. 

Cystelcosis   (sist-el-ko'-sis)    [nvong,   bladder;  >'/■ 
ulceration].      Ulceration  of  the  bladder. 

Cystencephalus  (sist-en-sef  -al-us)  \_Kvartg,  a  blad 
'>""""',  the  brain].   A  form  of  monstrosity  in  which 
the  brain  is  replaced  by  a  cyst  like  structure. 

Cystenchyma  (sist-eng'-kim-a/t)  [ic'vtmq,  a  bladder; 
■■ ,  pyaz,  an  infusion].  In  biology,  a  connective  tissui  of 
large,  oval,  thin-walled  cells,  as  seen  in  cerl  !\ges. 

Cysthitis  (sis-thi' -tis)  [pjadog,  vulva;  trig,  inflamma- 
tion].     Inflammation  of  the  vulva. 

Cystic  (sist'-ik)  [itvOTig,  bladder].  Pertaining  to  or 
resembling  a  cyst;  pertaining  to1  the  urinary  bladder  or 
the  gall-bladder.  C.  Angioma.  Synonym  of  Lymph- 
< :  ngioma  circumscriptum. 

Cysticercus  (sis-te-ser'-kus)  [k!  ar/c,  a  bladder ;  nipnog, 
a  tail].  The  scolex  of  the  tape- worm.  An  hydatid. 
C.  bovis,  a  form  of  hydatid  existing  in  the  muscles 
of  the  ox  (mostly  in  the  calf).  Its  progenitor  is  the 
Tcenia  mediocanellata  of  man.  It  produces  the  dis- 
ease called  Beef  Measles.  C.  cellulosae,  the  hydatid 
found  inhabiting  the  intermuscular  connective  tissue 
of  the  pig,  producing  the  condition  known  as 
"measles."  Its  progenitor  is  the  Tania  solium  of 
man.  See  Alternation  of  Generation.  C.  cellu- 
losae cutis.  An  hydatid,  or  immature  form  of  Tttnia 
solium,  which  is  sometimes  parasitic  upon  the  subcu- 
taneous tissues  of  the  skin.  C.  ovis,  an  hydatid  of 
uncertain  origin  found  in  sheep  in  the  condition  called 
Mutton  Measles.  C.  pisiformis,  an  hydatid  found  mainly 
in  the  abdominal  cavity  of  the  rabbit  and  of  the  hare, 
and,  in  its  immature  state,  in  the  liver  of  these  animals. 
Its  progenitor  is  the  Taenia  serrata  of  the  dog.  C. 
tenuicollis,  a  slender  or  long-necked  hydatid  found 
in  the  abdominal  and  pelvic  cavity  of  the  sheep,  the 
pig,  the  ox,  and  the  fowl.  Its  progenitor  is  the  Tcenia 
marginala  of  the  dog.  See  Parasites  [Animal  \ .  Tab: 

Cystid  (sist'-id)  \Kvorig,  a  bladder].  In  biology,  the 
saccular,  ciliated,  planula-like  embryo  of  a  polyzoan  ; 
also  the  cell  in  which  the  body  of  an  adult  polyzoan 
is  contained. 

Cystidomyeloma  [sist-id-o-mi-el-o'-mah  |  [K&artg,  blad- 
der; five7u6g,  marrow],  A  medullary  carcinoma  of  the 
bladder. 

Cystifellotomy  (sist-if-el-of-o-me)  \jwarig,  cyst ;  fel, 
bile;   70////,  a  cutting].      See    Ckolecystotomy. 

Cystiform  (sist'-if-orm)  \_cystis,  a  bladder;  forma, 
shape].      Encysted,  cystomorphous. 

Cystin  (sisf-in)  [fdiarvg,  bladder],  CJI.XSt  ).,.  A  sub- 
stance found  in  the  urine  in  small  amount.  It  occurs 
in  regular,  colorless,  six-sided  tables  of  very  chai 
teristic  appearance.  It  is  insoluble  in  water,  alcohol, 
and  ether,  but  readily  soluble  in  ammonia.  Test  : 
boil  with  a  solution  of  lead  oxid  in  sodium  hydrate. 
If  cystin  is  present,  black  lead  sulphid  is  precipitated. 

Cystinuria  (sist-in-u'-re-ah  )  [xt-artc,  bladder;  01 
urine].  The  presence  of  cystin  in  the  urine.  The  cystin 
may  be  present  in  the  form  of  calculi  or  as  a  deposit. 
The  urine  has  a  yellowish-green  color  and  a  peculiar 
smell,  like  that  of  fresh  sweet-briar,  but  rapidly 
acquires  a  putrescent  odor  on  standing,  whilst  an  oily 
film  tortus  on  the  surface. 


i  YSTIPATHY 


CYTIN 


Cystipathy  bladder  ;     - 

disease].      \\\y  disease  of  the  bladd 
Cystirrhea  |  ...:;,'    .1,    a 

Sow].     Vesi  irrh. 

Cyst:- 
Cystitic  i  bladder].      Relating  to 

tia  .  bladdi  iflammation]. 

idder.     C,  Exfoliative,   that 
he   inflammatory   proi 
of    the    mucous    mem- 
bra t  a  portion  <>t  the 
men                 i                       i  the  bladder. 
Cystitome 
•.oblast 
Cystobubonocelc  |      "    .bladder; 

lernia].     Hemia  of  the  blad- 

Cystocarcinoma  .   blad- 

.  a   cancer].     Carcinoma  with  cystic 
ration. 
jcarp    |  -      .    a    bladder;    Kap 

fruit].      In  I  .ne  sometimes  applied  to  the 

certain  a 
Cystocel  .  pouch;  k/'//'/,  a  tumor], 

A  :  the  bladder  into  the  vagina,  pushing  the 

vaginal    wall     through    the     vulvar  orifice.        In    the 
if  cases  it  is  a  sequela  of  childbirth, 
ition    of    the  pelvic    floor.     It    may, 
suit  from  heavy  lifting,  etc.     There  is  a 
if  weight,  with  frequent  and  difficult  micturi- 
protrusion  between  the  labia.     It  is  gener- 
all  •  ted  with  a  rectocele,  and  if  left  uncorrected 

fav  if  the  uterus. 

Cystochondroma   {sist-o-kon-dr</ -maK)   \_K.vaTiq,  blad- 
der;    )  hi,   a  tumor:    pi. ,  Cysto- 
.•].     A  neoplasm  presenting  the  characters 
of  both  chondroma  and  cystoma. 
Cystocolpitis  {sist-o-kol-pi'-tis)  [kinttvc,  bladder;   k&X- 
.   vagina].     Inflammation    of    both   bladder    and 
;na. 
•  ocope    (sist'-o-kdp)    [k/cttvc,    bladder;     k<5toc,    a 
v]       A  urethral  sound,  having  at  the  proximal  ex- 
nity  a  plate    to   amplify    the   sound   produced   by 
ical  calculus. 
Cystocy.                             --    ,ab  idd  r;  kOtoc, a  cell]. 
In                  one  of  the   bladderdike  cells  of  the  cys- 
tenchym  i,  ai  in  sponges. 
Cystodynia                         ih)    [kuotic,  bladder;    bSvvr/, 

Ha. 
Cystofibroma   [sist-o-Ji-bro'-mah)    \Kvartg,  a  bladder; 
r;  b/ia,  a  tumor:  pl.yCystofibromata\.     A 
nting  the  character  of  both  a  fibroma 

Cystohemorrhagia  n-or-a' -je-ah)  [iiboTig,  the 

.   to    burst].     Vesical 

Cy  --    .  bladder  .a  stone]. 

ilus.      In  biology,  a  stalked  body  mainly 

ite,  found  in  the  cells  of 

ise  of  the  nettle. 

C     tolithiasis  (sist-o-lith  [tcbarig,  a  bladder; 

bl  idder;   also  thatcon- 
'   that  i-  ted  with  the  pres- 

Cystolithic  --.,-,  bladder;    Wog,  a 

cal  calculus. 
Cystolutein 

iind  in  cysts. 
Cystom:.  ,,,/ri)  ;l  tumor  : 

A   t.  "dally  an  ovarian 

turn  ySts. 


Cystomerocele     {sist-o-mer'-o-sll}     [/rfiffrec,    bladder, 
.  thigh  ;  »>/,///,  hernia].      A  hernia  of  the  bladder 

through  the  femoral  rin<^. 
Cystomorphous  [sist-o-mor/ -fits)  [m'ctt/c,  cyst;  [to 

form],      Having  the  form  of  a  cyst. 
Cystomyxoma    {sist-o-miks-t/'»iak)     [xixmg,    a   cyst; 

ur;<i,   mucus;    '""'",   a  tumor:    pi.,   Cystomyxomata\. 

A  neoplasm  presenting  the  characters  of  both  myxoma 

and  cystoma. 
Cystoncus   (sist-ong* '-kits)    [m onr,    bladder  ;    6}Korf    a 

swelling].      Any  swelling  of  the  bladder. 
Cystonephrosis  {sist-o-tir-fro'-sis)  [n'voTiq,  sac  ;    vt< 

kidney].     A  cystic  or  cystomorphous  dilatation  of  the 

kidney. 
Cystoparalysis    (sist-o-par-al'  -is-is)   [k'votic,    bladder  ; 

n'/vmc,  palsy].      Paralysis  of  the  bladder. 
Cystopexy  (sistf -o-peks-e)  [/o'frr/c,  bladder;    ~'7iir,  fixa- 

tion],      Fixation  of  the  bladder.     An  operation  for  the 

cure  of  cystocele,  based    upon  the  principle    of  the 

Alexander  Adams  operation. 
Cystophotography  {sist-o-fo-tog'  -ra-fe)  \_Krariq,  the  blad- 
der;  o<~.>c,  light;    ypd<j>eiv,    to  write].      Photographing 

the  interior  of  the  bladder  for  diagnostic  purposes. 
Cystoplastic     {sist-o-plus'-/ik)     [/cCkjtjc,   the     bladder  ; 

-}nnarivy  to  form].     Relating  to  cystoplasty. 
Cystoplasty  (sisf ' -o-plas-te)  [/twelve,  bladder  ;   ■kXo.ggeiv, 

to  form].      Plastic  operation  upon  the  bladder,  espe- 
cially for  vesico-vaginal  fistula. 
Cystoplegia    {sist-o-ple'-jc-ah)  [kIotic,  bladder ;   irJafyfj, 

a  blow].      Paralysis  of  the  bladder. 
Cystoptosis  (sist-op-to' -sis)   [/d'ffrtc,  bladder  ;  tttuoh;,  a 

fall].     The  projection  of  some  portion  of  the  bladder 

into  the  urethra. 
Cystopylometer  (sist-o-pi-lom' -et-er)   [k'votu;,  bladder  ; 

■kvAt/,  gate  ;     fifrpov,  measure] .      An  instrument    for 

measuring  any  obstruction   (as  an   enlarged  prostate) 

at    the    entrance    to    the    bladder;     it    is    called    also 

pylometer. 
Cystorrhagia  {sist-or-a' -je-ah).     See  Cystohemorrhagia. 
Cystorrhea  (sist-or-e'-ah).      Same  as  Cystirrhea. 
Cystorrhexis    (sist-or-eks' -is)    [nvariq,  bladder  ;     p'/^ir, 

rupture]  .      Rupture  of  the  bladder. 
Cystoscope   (sist'-o-skop)   [Kixmc,  bladder ;  am-tlr,  to 

examine].      An   instrument  for  examining  the  interior 

of  the  bladder. 
Cystoscopy    (sist-os'-ko-pc)    [nvarig,    bladder;    OKOTreiv, 

to    examine].      Examination    of    the    interior   of   the 

bladder  by  means  of  the  cystoscope. 
Cystospasmus     {sist-o-spaz' '-mus)    [kiW/c,     bladder ; 

r,-nap6q,  spasm].      Spasm  of  the  bladder. 
Cystospastic  (sist-o-spas'-tik)  [/iror/.c,  bladder;   airanri- 

n6g,  pulling].      Relating  to  spasm  of  the  bladder. 
Cystostomy  [sist-os'-to-me)    [/cdorfc,  bladder ;  ar6fia,  a 

mouth   or    opening].      The    formation   of  a    fistulous 

opening  in  the  bladder- wall. 
Cystotome    [sisf '-'o-tom)    [/rfiOTfC,   bladder;     repveiv,  to 

cut].      A  knife  used   in    cystotomy  ;   also  a  knife  used 

in    rupturing   the    capsule    of    the    lens    in    cataract- 
operations. 
Cystotomia  [sist-o-to* '-me-ah )  [  I ..  ] .     Same  as  Cystotomy. 

C.  hypogastrica.      Suprapubic  cystotomy. 
Cystotomy    (sist-ot'-o-me)   [kicstic,    bladder;     tou/j,    a 

cutting].      Incision  of  the  bladder. 
Cyte  [sit)  [k(itoc,    a    hollow].      Any   cell;   especially   a 

nuclear  cell   (used  mostly  in  composition). 
Cythemolysis     [si-lhem-olf-is-is)      [/c{iroc,  cell;  «///</, 

blood;   Xvaiq,   dissolution].      Dissolution  of  the   cor- 

puscles  of  the  1)1 1 

Cytin  [si'-tin)   [/cvroc,   a   cell].      An  insoluble  cellular 

substance  that  remains   in    various   residues  of  animal 
ue  from  which  cytoglobin  has  been  removed.     Hy 

decomposition  it  is  changed  into  an  albuminoid. 


CYTISIN 


351 


CZUMPELITZS  TES1 


Cytisin  (sit'-is-in)  [i&Ttaog,  a  kind  of  clover],  C,1PH.,7- 
Ns0.  A  poisonous  alkaloid  obtained  from  Cytisus 
laburnum  and  other  species.  It  occurs  in  yellowish- 
white,  deliquescent  crystals.  It  is  chiefly  used  in  the 
form  of  the  nitrate,  a  beautiful  crystalline  salt,  pa 
yellow  in  color  and  acid  in  reaction.  It  i-.  used  sub 
cutaneously  in  paralytic  migraine,  and  as  a  diuretic  in 
dropsy  and  cardiac  disease.  Dose,  grain  2Jff  to  f, 
hypodermatically. 

Cytoblast    (si'  to  blast)    [kvtoc,     a    cell;     /J/.aor. 
germ].      In  biology,  applied  to  the  nucleus  of  a  cell ; 
also  one  of  the  ameboid  cytodes  going  to  make  up  the 
cytoblastema  of  sponges. 

Cytoblastema  (  si-to-blas-te' '-mah  )  [  m'toc,  a  cell ; 
f/aarima,  a  sprout].  In  biology,  applied  to  forma- 
tive material  or  protoplasm,  as  giving  rise  to  cells  or 
cytodes;  also  to  the  matrix  in  which  the  individuals  of 
a  protozoan  colony  are  imbedded  ;  the  gelatinous  ma- 
trix of  a  sponge. 

Cytochylema  (si-to-ki-le'-mak)  [kitoc,   a  cell ;     \  i 
juice].      Strasburger's  term  for  the  inter-reticular  por- 
tion of  protoplasm  ;   cell-juice. 

Cytochyma,  or  Cytochyme  (si-to-kim'-ah,  or  si'-t,- 
kim)  \_Krr<)<;,  a  cell ;  ji^oc,  juice].  The  water-sap 
in  the  vacuoles  of  the  cytochylema  of  protoplasm. 

Cytococcus  [si-to-kok' '-us)  [/error,  cell ;  kokkoc,  ker- 
nel:    //.,    Cytococci~\.     The  nucleus  of  a  cytula. 

Cytode  (si' -tod)  [kitoc,  a  cell  ;  eldog,  form].  In  biol- 
ogy, a  term  applied  by  Haeckel  to  a  non-nucleated 
cell.  The  simplest,  most  primitive  form  of  cell, 
without  nucleus  or  nucleolus ;  Haeckel  therefore  calls 
the  Monera  cytodes. 

Cytoderm  [sV -to-derni)  [kltoc,  a  cell;  dipfia,  skin]. 
In  biology,  a  cell-wall. 

Cytodieresis  (si-to-di-er' '-es-is)  [kitoc,  cell ;  Sialpeaig, 
division].     The  process  of  cell-division. 

Cytogenesis  ( si-to-jen' -es-is)  [kitoc ,  a  cell ;  ykveoig, 
production].  The  formation  or  genesis  of  the  cell,  or 
of  cells. 

Cytogenetic  (si- to- fen- et' '-ik)  [kitoc,  a  cell ;  }  eveaig, 
production].      Relating  to  cell -formation. 

Cytogenic  (si-to-jen' -ik).     See  Cytogenous. 

Cytogenous  (si-toj'-en-us)  [kitoc,  a  cell ;  yevrjg,  pro- 
ducing].     In  biology,  producing  cells. 

Cytogeny  (si-toj'-en-e).      See  Cytogenesis. 

Cytoglobin  (si-to-glo'-bin)  [kctoc,  a  cell  ;  globus,  a  ball]. 
An  albuminoid,  obtainable  in  the  form  of  a  white, 
soluble  powder.  It  forms  three  per  cent,  of  the  pulp 
of  the  lymphatic  glands.  It  is  partially  convertible 
into  preglobin. 

Cytography  [si-tog* -ra-fe)  [%1'Toc,  a  cell ;  ypayeiv,  to 
write].      A  description  of  cells. 

Cytohyaloplasm  (si-to-hi'  -al-o-plazm)  \jiVTog,  a  cell ; 
va/.og,  transparent  ;  Tv'/daua,  formed  matter].  Stras- 
burger's name  for  the  reticulum  of  protoplasm. 

Cytoid  (si'-foiJ)  [/cfrroc, cell ;  eufog,  likeness].  Resem- 
bling a  cell. 

Cytokinetic  (si-fo-ki-net'-ik)  [/citoc,  a  cell ;  Ktvelv,  to 
move].  In  biology,  applied  to  the  phenomena  of  mo- 
tion of  plasma  or  cells ;  the  opposite  of  Cytostatic 
(Ryder). 

Cytolergy  (si-tof -er-je)  [kitoc,  a  cell;  ipyov,  work]. 
Cell-activity. 

Cytologist  (si-tol' '-o-fist)  [kitoc,  a  cell  ;  7J>yog,  science]. 
One  who  is  versed  in  cytology. 

Cytology  (si-tol' -o-ie)  [kitoc,  a  cell;  Myog,  science]. 
The  science  of  cell-formation  and  cell-life. 


Cytolysis  [si-tol* '-is-is)  [kit/c,  cell;  /b'xwc,  loosening; 
solution],     Cell-catabolism  ;   (ill  destruction. 

Cytometeri  ri-tom'-et-er)  [ki'tic,  cell;  fiirpov,  a  measure] 
A  device  6  >r  measuring  <  i 

Cyto-mitoma  (si/-to-mi-to/-mah)  [<rfrof ,  cell ; 

filler].     The  fibrillar  part  of  a  cell  body.     See  hlitoma. 

Cytonergy  [si-ton' -er-je).     Sum'- 

Cytopathy  (si-top' -ath-e)  [kitoc,  a  cell ;  irhtioq,  disease]. 
1  disease  of  the  living  cell. 

Cytophagous  [si-toff' ' -ag-us)  [avroq,  a  cell;  tj>ayeii>,  t<> 
devour].  Phagocytic;  of  the  nature  of  a  phagocyte  ; 
cell-devouring. 

Cytophosphatid   (si-to-fos-fit'-id  |    [kiitoc,  cell  ;   •     - 
/""/,  Lucifer].      A  form  of  nuclein,  containing  sulphur 
and  phosphorus  and  said  to  be  obtainable  from  brain- 
tissue ;   gangliocvtin. 

Cytoplasm,  or  Cytoplasma  (si'-to-plazm,  or  si-to-plaz'- 
mah)  \jtuTog,  cell;  -'/Anna,  anything  formed].  In 
biology,  Dujardin's  name  for  protoplasm,  q.  v. 

Cytoproct  i  i' -to-prokt )  [kitoc,  a  cell  ;  Trpunrog,  the 
anus].  In  biology,  an  orifice  with  anal  functions  in 
the  Infusoria.      Cf.   Cytopyge. 

Cytopyge  (si-to-pi' -;'<■)  [kitoc,  a  cell;  irvyjj,  the  rump]. 
In  biology,  the  anal  aperture  of  a  unicellular  animal. 
Cf.  Cytoproct. 

Cytostasis   (si-tos' '-tas-is)   [/error- ,  cell;    oraotg,  stasis]. 
Stoppage  or  plugging  of  the  capillaries  by  the  blood 
cells. 

Cytostatic  (si-to-staf -ik)  [kitoc,  a  cell;  arar6g,  fixed]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  the  static  or  resting  con- 
ditions of  plasma  or  cells  ;  the  opposite  of  Cytokinetic 
(Ryder). 

Cytostome  (si'-to-stow)  [kitoc,  a  cell;  ardfia,  mouth]. 
In  biology,  the  oral  aperture  of  a  unicellular  organ- 
ism. 

Cytotaxis  (si-to-taks'-is)  [kitoc,  a  cell;  rdfff,  order]. 
The  selective,  ordering,  and  arranging  function  of  a 
living  cell. 

Cytotrophy  (si-tot1 '-ro-fe)  [kitoc,  cell ;  rpbor/,  nourish- 
ment] .  The  growth  of  the  cell  and  sustentation  of 
cell-life. 

Cytozoon  (si-to-zo'-on)  [kitoc,  cell;  (,Cxrv,  animal].  A 
protoplasmic  cell-mass,  probably  parasitic  in  nature, 
with  independent  movement ;  found  by  Gaule  in  de- 
fibrinated  blood  and  other  structures. 

Cyttarhagia  (sit-ar-a' '-je-ah  )  \_niT-apog ,  cell ;   .' 

to   burst   forth].       Hemorrhage  from  the  socket  of  a 
tooth. 

Cytula  (sit'-u-lah)  ^Ktrog,  a  cell].  In  biology,  an  im- 
pregnated ovum. 

Cytuloplasm   [sif ' -u-lo-plazm)  [kitoc,  a  cell ;   -'/u>-- 
to    form,  mold].      In    biology,  the    mingled  ovoplasm 
and  spermoplasm  in  a  cytula. 

Czermak's  Spaces.  Certain  interglobular  spaces  in 
the  body. 

Czerny's  Operations.     See    Operations,   Tabic  of. 

Czerny-Lembert  Suture.     See  Suture. 

Czerny-Schrceder  Operation.  See  Operations,  Table 
of. 

Czoker's  Alum  Cochineal.  A  solution  for  staining 
microscopic  sections.  Boil  ~  grams  of  pulverized 
cochineal  and  J  grams  of  alum  in  700  c.c.  of  distilled 
water,  until  the  quantity  of  tluid  is  reduced  to  400  c.c. ; 
cool,  add  a  few  drops  of  carbolic  acid,  and  filter. 
After  standing  for  a  few  days  filter  again,  after  which 
the  tluid  will  be  ready  for  use.     See  Stains,  Table  of. 

Czumpelitz"s  Test.     See  Tests,   Table  of. 


D 


I'.M   fYLOSYMPHYSIS 


D 


D.     Dosia         \  dose.     In   Electro-therapeutics  an  al>- 

bn  and  of    I  '  In  ophthal 

molog)     the    lettei  an    abbreviation    ol 

It  i~  also  used  tr,  let  ii 

Da  Costa's  Disease 

Dacryadcnu'.      i  [danpv,  tear; 

pain]       Pain    in   a    lachrymal 
ul. 

•.enitis  See     Dacryo- 

Dacryagogu  [      tpv,    tear;     dy 

i     Inducing  a  Bow  of   tears.     2.  An 
i  that  induces  a  il«>w 
Dacrycystalgia  See    Dacryo- 

Dacryelcosis  [  '•■•.  "\  tear;   i'/moaig, 

ml.      I  the  lachrymal  apparatus. 

Dacrygelosis  [daicpv,   tear;     ;.'Auf 

laughter].     Alternate  weeping  and  laughter. 
Dacryhemorrhysis  ;  [daicpv,  tear; 

a  flow].      The  weeping  of  bloody 
blood  from  a  lachrymal  duct. 
Dacryin  [■  iitpv,  a  tear].      A  [)eculiar  sub- 

,  "i  I 
Dacryma  (a  a,  a  tear:  pi. ,  Dacry- 

:].      A  tear ;   the  lachrymal  secretion. 
Dacryoadenitis  [dak-re-o-ad-en-i'-tis)  [daupvov,  a  tear; 
id],      [nflammation  of  a  lachrymal  gland. 
Dacryoblenorrhea     [dak-re-o-bleh-or-e* '-ah)    [daupvov, 
a  i  .  mucus;   po.-a,  a  flow].     Chronic  in- 

flammation and  discharge  of  mucus  from  the  lachry- 
mal 
Dacryocele  •-o-sll,   or    -se'-le)    [daupvov,    tear; 

.    lernial.      See  Dacryocystocele. 
Dacryocyst    [dak? -re-o-sist)     [daupvov,    tear;     aveng, 

it].      The  lachrymal  cyst. 
Dacryocystalgia  i  dak-re-o-sis-tal' '-je-ak)  [daupvov , tear  ; 
.  pain].     Pain   in  a   lachrymal  sac. 
Dacryocystitis  {dak-re- o-sis-tif -tis)  [daupvov,  tear;  kvo- 

].      Inflammation  of  a  lachrymal  sac. 
Dacryocystocele  [dak-re-o-sist? -o-sil)  [daupvov,  a  tear; 
a  sac;  nr/'/.r/,  hernia].      Hernia  of  a  lachrymal 
sac. 
Dacryocystoptosis  [dak-re-o-sis-tqp-to/-sis)   [daupvov,  a 
i    irrua    .   a  fall].       Prolapse  or 
^placement  of  a  lachrymal  sac. 
Dacryohemorrhea  [dak-re-o-hem-or-e/-ah).     See  Dae- 

Dacryoid    [dak* -re-oid)    [daupvov,   tear;    eidog,    form]. 

a  tear. 
Dacryolite  See  Dacryolith. 

Dacryolith    i il-'-tr-o-li.'h  ,  [Saupvov,  tear  ;  V.Wog,  stone]. 
•  rnal  calculus;   a  calcareous   concretion  in  a 
•  in  the  palpebral  conjunctiva. 
Dacryolithiasis  >-lith-i' '-as-is)  [oVfcpuov,  a  tear; 

morbid    condition  that   is   at- 
■n    of   dacryoliths :    also,    the 
■ 
Dacryom  i  ....     p-j      r     \ 

2.   'I  ure  ■  r  obstruction 

ing  epiphora. 
Dacryon  a  tear].      I.    A  tear. 

Dacryoj-  ,  tear;   8i/»,  eye],      i. 

A  v  t   of  a    lachrymal 

Dacryoptosis  [d 


a    fall].      I.   The    falling    or    shedding    of   tears.      2. 
I  lai  ryocystoptosis. 

Dacryopyorrhea  [dak-re-o-pi-or-e' -ah)  [d&npvov,a  tear  ; 
TVOV,  jius;  ',iu  a,  a  flow].  A  discharge  of  pus  from 
the  lachrymal  apparatus. 

Dacryopyosis  (a  pi-o* -sis)  [ddtepvov,  tear ;    irbov, 

pus].      Suppuration  in  the  lachrymal  apparatus. 

Dacryorrhea  [dak-re-or-e' -ah)  [daxpvov,  tear ;  pola,  a 
flow].      Excessive  discharge  ol  tears. 

Dacryosolen  [dak-re-o-so/ -len)  [daupvov,  tear;  auiMjv, 
pipe].     A  lachrymal  duct  or  canal. 

Dacryosolenitis  (dak-re  o  to  n-i'-tis)  [d&Kpvov,  a  tear; 
au/.i/v,  a  pipe;  trig,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of 
a  lachrymal  duct. 

Dacryostenosis  [dak-re-o-sle-not -sis)  [daupvov,  teai  ; 
orevdg,  narrow].  Stenosis  or  stricture  of  a  lachrymal 
duct. 

Dacryosyrinx  [dak-re-o-sir4 '-inks)  [daupvov,  tear  ; 
ovptyl;, pipe],  i.  A  lachrymal  fistula.  2.  A  syringe 
for  use  in  the  lachrymal  ducts. 

Dactyl  [dak' -til)  [danrvAog,  a  linger].  A  ringer  or  toe  ; 
a  digit. 

Dactylagra  [dak-til-af-grah)  [da.Krv?.og,  a  digit ;  &ypa, 
seizure].  An  attack  of  gout  or  rheumatism  in  the 
lingers. 

Dactylate  [dak* -til-at)  [danTv?Mq,  a  finger].  Resem- 
bling a  tmger.      Possessing  five  rays  or  appendages. 

Dactylion  (dak-til' -e-on).      See  Syndactylism. 

Dactylitis  [clak-til-i'-tis)  [daaTvAoq,  a  linger  ;  crig ,  in- 
flammation].     Inflammation  of  a  finger  or  toe. 

Dactylognathite  [dak-til-og-nath'-lt)  [ddnrvloq,  a 
linger ;  yvadoq,  jaw].  In  biology,  Milne  Edwards' 
term  for  the  terminal  (distal)  joint  of  one  of  the  foot- 
jaws  of  a  crustacean.      See  Dadylos. 

Dactylogryposis  [dak-til-o-grip-o1 'sis)  [Sanrvhog,  finger; 
ypvrroq,  curved].  Abnormal  curvature  of  the  fingers 
or  toes. 

Dactyloid  (dak'-til-oid)  [SoKTvkog,  finger ;  tMoc,  form]. 
In  biology,  resembling  a  finger. 

Dactylology  [dak-til-ol' -o-je)  [dan-vloq,  finger;  Adyog, 
speech].      Conversation  or  talking  by  the  fingers. 

Dactylolysis  [dak-til-ol' -is-is)  [doucrvTuog,  digit ;  Avotq, 
loosening].  The  falling  off  of  a  finger  or  toe.  D. 
spontanea.     See  Ainhum. 

Dactylopatagium  [dak-til-o-pat-ag,-e-um)  [ddicroXug, 
finger;  irarayeiov,  a  border  to  a  woman's  gown].  In 
biology,  that  part  of  the  patagium  of  a  bat  which  is 
connected  with  the  digits.      Cf.  Ectopatagium. 

Dactylopodite  [dak-til-of/ -o-dlt)  [daKTvAoq,  a  finger; 
trove,  a  foot].      See  Dactylos. 

Dactylopore  [dak-til* -o-por)  [dnnrvlog,  finger;  ndpoc, 
pore].  In  biology,  applied  to  the  opening  of  the 
finger  like,  or  tentacular  dactylozoid  of  certain  hydro- 
zoans. 

Dactylopterus  {dak-til-op,-ter-tts)  [d&KTV%og,  linger; 
nrep&v,  wing].  In  biology,  applied  to  fishes  in  which 
certain  of  the  pectoral  fin  rays  are  separate  and  finger- 
like. 

Dactylorhiza  [dak-til-or-V -zah)  [SaKrvTuog,  finger; 
pira,  root].  A  disease  of  the  roots  of  certain  vege- 
table-., as  turnips. 

Dactylos  [dakf -til-os)  [S&KTvXog,  a  linger].  In  biol- 
ogy, the  seventh  joint  of  any  crustacean  appendage, as 
the  dactylognathite and  dactylopodite  of  Milne  Edwards. 

Dactylospasmus    [dak-til-o-spaz'-mus)    [ddarvAog,    a 
it  ;  oiraopdg,  a  spasm].     Spasm  of  a  digit. 

Dactylosymphysis  (  dak-til-o-sim' -fis-is  )  [SdicrvAog, 
finger;   ni  r,  together  ;  oiiiv,  to  grow].    Syndactylism. 


DADI   GOGO 


353 


LAKW  1M>.\1 


Dadi  Gogo  (dd/-de  gtZ-gd)   [African].     See  Gogo. 

Daemonomania  (de-mo-no-ma'-ne-an).  See  Demono- 
mania. 

Daffy's  Elixir.  A  compound  aromatic  tincture  of 
senna.     \  no! 

Dahlia  (dahl'-yah).     See  Pigm  n  '  ,/usof 

Dajaksch  (di'-ahsh)  [Java],  ["he  arrow  poison  used 
in  Borneo.  It  is  believed  to  be  distinct  from  the  fava 
arrow-poison. 

Dakryon  [dah'-re-on).     Sec  Craniometrit  Points. 

Dakryops  [dak* -re-ops).      Same  as  Dacrvops. 

Dalby's  Carminative.  An  old  empiric  carminative 
and  mildly  opiate  mixture,  answering  nearly  to  the 
mistura  carminativa  of  tin-  National  formulary.  It 
contains  about  two  and  a  half  minim--  oi  tincture  of 
opium  to  the  Quidounce. 

Dalgarno  Alphabet.  Glove-alphabet ;  a  method  of 
manual  communication  among  deaf-mutes,  in  which 
the  letters  are  indicated  by  touching  various  parts  of 
the  hand. 

Dallas's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Dalmatian  Insect  Powder.     See  Buhach. 

Dalton's  Theory.    The  atomic  theory  of  compounds. 

Dalton-Henry  Law.     See  Law. 

Daltonism  {daP '-ton-izm)  \_Dalton,  a  physician]. 
Color  blindness.      See  Blindness. 

Dam.      See  Rubber  Dam  and  Coffer  Dam. 

Damalic  Acid  (dam-al'-ik  ).     See  Acid. 

Damaluric  Acid  [dam-al-u'-rik).     See  Acid. 

Damiana  {dam-e-anf-ah).  The  leaves  of  Turnera 
aphrodisiaca,  found  in  Mexico  and  Lower  California; 
a  stimulant  tonic  and  said  to  be  a  powerful  aphrodi- 
siac. It  is  the  basis  of  a  great  number  of  quack  reme- 
dies. D.,  Ext.  Dose  gr.  ij-x.  D.,  Fid.  Ext. 
Dose  TTlx-^j.  Dose  of  the  leaves  ^j  daily.  All 
unot. 

Dammar  (dam'-ar)  [Hind.,  damar,  resin] .  A  gum  or 
resin  resembling  copal,  produced  by  various  species 
of  Damtnara  and  by  various  other  trees.  D.,  True, 
is  obtained  from  the  Dammara  orientalis,  a  coniferous 
tree,  indigenous  in  the  East  Indies,  and  also  from 
Dammara  australis,  in  New  Zealand.  The  latter 
variety  is  also  known  as  Kauri,  or  cowdie  resin.  The 
former  is  the  variety  commonly  called  dammar  in 
commerce.  It  occurs  in  masses,  coated  on  the  exte- 
rior with  white  powder  from  mutual  attrition,  while 
the  interior  is  pale-amber  colored  and  transparent.  It 
is  harder  than  rosin,  and  splits  and  cracks  at  the  tem- 
perature of  the  hand.  It  is  used  in  the  manufacture 
of  varnishes.     See  Cowdie  Gum. 

Damp.     See  Choke-damp  ;  Black-damp  ;  Dire-damp. 

Damping  Apparatus.  The  union  of  the  tympanic 
membrane  of  the  ear  with  the  auditory  ossicles  acting 
as  a  damper  to  prevent  excessive  sympathetic  vibra- 
tion for  its  own  fundamental  note. 

Dance  (dans)  [Ft.,  dauser,  to  dance].  Any  measured 
tread  or  system  of  steps  accompanied  by  music.  Also, 
any  motion  of  the  body  caused  by  an  abnormal 
nervous  stimulus.  D.,  St.  Vitus's.  See  Chorea.  D. 
Plague.      Synonym  of  Chorea. 

Dancel's  Method.     See  Treatment,  Me/hods  of. 

Dancer's  Cramp.     SveCrawf.     D.  Palsy.    See  Daisy. 

Dancing  Mania.     See  Choromania. 

Dandelion  {dan'-de-li-on).      See  Taraxacum. 

Dandruff  (dan'-druf).  See  Seborrhea.  Pityriasis,  and 
Alopecia  furfuracea. 

Dandy  (dan'-de)  [Hind.,  dandi,  a  boatman].  I.  In 
India,  a  kind  of  stretcher  or  hammock  of  canvas  with 
a  bamboo  frame.  It  is  serviceable  in  the  transportation 
of  the  sick  and  wounded.  2.  See  Colic,  Endemic. 
D.  Fever.     See  Den 

Danforth's  Oil.     See  Naphtha. 
2? 


Daniell  [dan'  vel)  [Daniel/,  an  electrician].  A  unit  of 
electric    measurements   equal     to     1.124    volts.      D. 

Cell.      See  Cell. 

Daniella  [dan-e-el' '-ah)  [I>r.  Daniell,  a  traveler].  A 
genus  ol    leguminou  1    W.  Africa.     D.  thuri- 

fera.  the  only  species  ol  this  genus  affording  olibanum, 
or  true  frankincense. 

Dantec,  Bacillus  of.     See  Bacteria,   '/able  of. 

Danube  Fever  [dan'-Ub fe'-ver).  A  febrile  affection 
oi  remittent  or  relapsing  type  observed  in  sailors  and 
others   that   bav<  on  and  have  drunk  the  water 

of  the  Danube  River,  characterized  by  symptoms  of 
gastro  intestinal  derangemi  at,  albuminuria,  hematuria, 
edema,   uremic    symptoms,    profit  piration,    en- 

larged spleen,  and  nervous  symptoms.  In  precise 
nature  is  unknown  ;  possibly  it  i-  the  same  as  Malta 
fever,  Rock  ft  Vt  r,  Cretan  fe:  terra nean  fever. 

Daphne  [daf'-ne)  \6atyvri,  the  laurel].     A  genus  of  thy- 
melaceous   shrubs,  mostly    poisonous    or    acrid. 
Mezereon. 

Daphnetin  [daf -net-in)  [ddtpvq,  the  laurel],  C9H604+ 
H20.  A  substance  obtained  by  the  decomposition  of 
the  glucosid  daphnin.  It  crystallizes  in  yellow  needles 
or  prism-,  melting  at  2550  C. 

Daphnin  {daf'-nin)  \8atyvri,  the  laurel],  <  r,"i>.'  '•  I 
2H20.  I.  A  glucosid  isomeric  with  esculin  ;  it  is  ob- 
tained from  the  bark  of  Daphne  alpina,  and  forms 
prismatic  transparent  crystal-  having  a  bitter  taste 
and  melting  at  2000  C.  2.  See  also  Pigments,  Con- 
spectus of. 

Darier's  Disease.  Psorospermose  follictdaire  vegetaut,  ; 
Keratosis  follicularis :  Ichthyosis  sebacea  cornea ;  a 
disease  of  the  skin  commencing  on  the  face  or  trunk, 
but  ultimately  spreading  to  other  parts  of  the  body, 
and  characterized  by  the  development  of  papules  of 
small  size  and  dirty-red  color,  with  tirmly-adherent 
grayish-brown,  black,  or  gray  horny  crusts.  These 
crusts  can  be  squeezed  out  of  the  papules  by  the 
thumb-nails.  In  some  places  the  lesions  may  become 
confluent.  The  disease  progresses  slowly,  and  the 
papules  may  assume  considerable  size.  Ulceration  of 
their  surfaces  may  occur,  or  the  tumors  may  suppurate 
en  masse.  The  disease  occurs  usually  in  males.  Its 
etiology  is  obscure.     See  Diseases,  Table  of. 

Darnel  (dar'-nel).     See  Lolium. 

D'Arsonval's  Oven.    See  Oven. 

Dartoic.  or  Dartoid  (dar-to'-ik,  or  dar'-toid)  \faproq, 
flayed].  Pertaining  to  or  resembling  the  dartos.  D. 
Myoma.     See  Myoma. 

Darton's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Dartos  {dar'-tos)  [daprdc,  flayed].  The  contractile 
fibrous  layer  beneath  the  skin  of  the  scrotum. 

Dartre  (dar'-tr)  [Fr.].  Any  herpetic  or  other  chronic 
skin-disease  ;  a  term  vaguely  used  in  French  and  the 
older  English  medical  literature. 

Dartrous  (dar'-trus)  [Fr. ,  dartre"].  Of  the  nature  of 
tetter  or  herpc<  :    herpetic. 

Dartsac  (dart'-sak).  A  muscular  sac  containing  a  cal- 
careous or  chitinous  dart  or  rod,  opening  into  the  clo- 
aca of  certain  gasteropods.      (Helix.  ) 

Darwin's  Ducts.       See  Ducts.     D.  Ear.     See  Ear, 
Deformities   of.    Darwinian    Tubercle,   and    Diseases, 
ble  of.     D.  Theory  of  Heredity.     See  Heredity. 

Darwinian  Tubercle.  A  nodule  or  eminence  some- 
times seen  on  the  edge  of  the  helix  of  the  ear  ;  it  is 
believed  to  be  a  relic  corresponding  to  the  point  of 
an  ape's  ear. 

Darwinism     [dar/-win-izm).       [Named    after    Charles 

Darivin,  a  celebrated  naturalist].      The  theory  of  de- 

scent  by  evolution,  as  modified  by  the  doctrine  of  the 

survival    of    the    fittest.       See    Neo- Darwinism     and 

iution. 


DAS1  Rl    W  'KA  f'S  Ml   1  11'  'I' 


354 


DEATH 


Dastre  Morat's  Method. 

Dasyma  Sai         3  Hirsuh 

Date-disease.      -  D. -fever.      Syn- 

onym of  • 

Datisca  [I  .J.     A  genus  of  herbs,  some 

wh  .  u       D.  cannabina.  of  Asia  and 

the   Levant,    is   antiperiodic   and    antiscrofulous.    D. 
glomerata 

Datiscin  .■  !.  <    .11  \  starch 

lik-  1  from   .  cannabina;   ii   i>  a  good 

Datura  [Hind.,  dhatura,  a  certain  plant]. 

A  ,  or    night-shade   family.     D. 

stramonium.  D.  tatula,  a  ]>lant 

belonging  to  the  nightshade  family,  closely  resembling 
unonium  in  its  therapeutic  and  physiologic  proper! 

It  has  been  smoked  with  advantage  in  asthma.  I  nof. 
Datunn  [Hind.,  dhatura,  a  certain  plant]. 

A  dkaloid     from    the    thorn-apple.      See 

Daturism  P-u-riztri)     [Hind.,    dhatura,    a    certain 

antl.  A  morbid  condition  of  mind  and  body  in- 
duced I  jive  dosing  with  stramonium  [Datura); 
~tramonium-poisoning.  It  is  nearly  or  quite  identical 
with  at i •  ipism. 

Daubenton's  Angle.  See  Angle.  D.  Line.  See 
Lin  .     D.  Plane.  ne. 

Daughter  [davZ-ter)  [AS.,  dohtor,  daughter].  A 
female  child  or  descendant.  D.-cell.  See  Cell.  D.- 
cyst,  a  cyst  formed  within  a  cyst.  D. -nuclei.  See 
Ka  is.     D.-star,  an  amphiaster.     See  Karyo- 

kiti 

Dauvergne's  Apparatus.  An  apparatus  used  fortreat- 
.   old  dislocations  of  the  shoulder. 

Davat"s  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Davidsohn,  Pupillary  Reflex  of.  The  light  reflected 
through  the  pupil  in  translumination,  when  the  electric 
light  is  held  in  the  mouth. 

Daviel's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Davier  d)  [Fr.].     A  tooth-forceps  ;   a  lion-for- 

Ce; 

Davies  and  Dale's  Carmin  Mass.  A  warm  flowing 
in. I—  for  injecting  tissues.  Digest  in  a  flask  for  thirty- 
six  hours,  at  the  ordinary  temperature,  II. 6  grams  of 
carmin  in  a  mixture  of  15  c.c.  of  ammonia  (0.92 
1)  ami  Il8  c.c.  of  water.  Filter,  and  dilute 
with  water  to  472  c.c.  Dissolve  38.88  grams  of  po- 
tassium  alum  in  295  c.c.  of  water,  and  add,  with  con- 
iling,  a  solution  of  sodium  carbonate  until  a 
ipitate  is  produced.  Boil  and  add  to  the 
carmin  fluid,  shaking  vigorously.  A  drop  of  the  fluid, 
whi  I  on  a  white  filter  paper,  should  show  no 

color-ring.  Allow  it  to  cool  and  settle  for  a  day  or  two, 
and  draw  off  tin-  supernatant  fluid  with  a  siphon. 
Wash,  by  decantation,  until  the  wash  water  ceases  to 
He  with  barium  chlorid.  So  much 
ept  with  the  color  that  it  shall  measure 
11  For  use    soak  100  grams  of  gelatin  in  750 

c<  It  over  a  water-bath. 

Davies-Colley    Operations.      See    Operations,    Table 

Davis's  (Leon)  Sign.     See  Death. 
Davy's     Method.  ,,/,     Methods    of.      D. 

Operation.  <    ,   Table  of.     D.  Tests. 

Days  Test. 

Day-Blindness.  ,■  also   Hemeral 

Daymare    |  mporary   di  I 

an  ■  .    bul    1  oming    on 

w1''  lought  to  be  due  to 

a<1  els  of  the  brain. 

Dead  1].      Without   life;   desti- 


tute of  life.  D.-born.  Still  born.  D.  Finger.  See 
Sphaceloderma  and  Night-palsy.  D.  -house,  a  morgue ; 
an  apartment  in  a  public  institution  lor  keeping 
id  bodies.  D.  Nettle.  See  Lamium.  D.  Voice, 
a  voice  without  nasal  resonance.  The  so-called  nasal 
voice. 

Deadly  (ded'-le)  [AS.,  </,.//,  dead].  (  apable  of  caus- 
ing death ;  fatal  ;  mortal.  D.  Nightshade.  See 
Atropa  and  Belladonna. 

Deaf  {def,  or  dlf)  [AS.,  dedf,  deaf].  Without  the 
sense  of  heanng.  A  condition  of  impaired  hear- 
ing. D. -dumbness.  See  Deaf-mutism.  D.- 
fields,  two  small  triangular  planes,  converging  toward 
the  external  auditors  meatus,  and  in  which  the  vibrat- 
ing tuning-fork  is  not  heard.  D.-mute,  one  who 
suffers  from  deaf-mutism.  D. -mutism,  a  condition 
of  deafness  or  impaired  hearing,  accompanied  by  im- 
perfect development  (congenital),  or  loss  of  speech. 
D. -points,  some  points  near  the  ear  in  which  a  vibra- 
ting tuning-fork  cannot  be  heard. 

Deafness  (def-nes)  [AS.,  dedf,  deaf].  The  condition 
of  being  deaf;  surdity.  D.,  Boilermakers',  chronic- 
labyrinthine  deafness  resulting  from  constant  exposure 
to  loud  sounds.  Bone-conduction  is  impaired,  and 
there  are  destructive  and  atrophic  changes  throughout 
the  cochle;e,  most  marked  at  the  base.  D.,  Mind. 
See  D. ,  Psychie.  D.,  Music,  a  variety  of  psychic 
deafness  in  which,  although  musical  sounds  are  heard, 
they  are  not  recognized  as  such.  D.,  Paradoxic, 
called  also  Paracousia  ll'illissii,  deafness  for  speech 
in  silence,  but  with  ability,  e.  g.,  to  hear  the  same 
voice  in  a  noisy  car  or  street.  This  is  said  to  be 
caused  by  compression  of  the  labyrinth.  It  is  a  form 
of  otopiesis.  D.,  Psychic,  the  deafness  from  de- 
struction of  the  auditory  center  (Munk).  Sounds  are 
heard,  but  not  recognized  or  understood.  D.,  Word, 
a  variety  of  psychic  deafness  in  which,  although  words 
be  heard,  they  are  not  comprehended. 

Death  [deth)  [AS.,  death,  death].  The  cessation  of 
life.  D.,  Apparent,  a  term  applied  to  a  cataleptic 
state  in  which  respiration  and  circulation  are  so  feeble 
as  to  be  inappreciable.  D.,  Black,  an  exceedingly 
fatal  epidemic  called  the  "  Plague,"  which  occurred 
in  Europe  during  the  14th  century,  during  which  it  is 
estimated  20,000,000  people  died.  D.  Camass.  See 
Catnass.  D.,  Localized.  See  D. ,  Somatic.  D., 
Molecular,  caries;  ulceration.  D.-rate,  a  term 
arbitrarily  expressing  the  mortality  of  a  place,  based 
upon  the  number  of  deaths  for  each  1000  of  population 
during  a  period  of  one  year.  D. -rattle,  the  pe- 
culiar sound  produced  by  the  passage  of  air  through 
mucus  in  the  throat  of  a  dying  person.  D.,  Signs 
of,  certain  indications  of  death,  such  as  cessation  of 
the  heart's  action,  and  respiration,  vigor  of  the  body, 
healthiness  of  the  tissues,  etc.  See  D. ,  Tests  of.  D., 
Somatic,  death  of  the  organism  as  a  whole,  in  dis- 
tinction from  localized  D.,  or  necrosis,  and  gangrene. 
D.,  Tests  of:  Dr.  Richardson  summarizes  the  more 
important  as  :  I.  Absence  of  the  pulsation  of  the  heart. 
2.  Absence  of  the  respiratory  murmur.  3.  Pressure 
on  veins  (Fillet  test).  4.  Electric  test  for  muscular 
irritability.  5.  The  ammonia  hypodermatic  test 
(Afonteverde's  sign).  6.  Coagulation  of  the  blood  in 
the  veins.  7.  Rigor  mortis.  8.  Decomposition. 
Balfour's  Test,  a  test  for  the  action  of  the  heart  in 
apparent  death,  lb-  proposed  sticking  into  the  skin 
over  the  heart  needles  having  little  paper  flags  fixed  in 
ir  blunt  ends.  Should  there  be  contraction  of  the 
heart-nn  uch     movement    would    be    commu- 

nii  ated  to  the  paper  flags.  CloqueC s  Needle  Test, 
a  bright  needle  plunged  into  the  body  of  the 
biceps    muscle    and    left   there   for  a  time ;    then   ex- 


Ii]  Kill  I  ANT 


:;:,:, 


DECIDl  A 


amined  for  signs  of  oxidation.  If  found,  life  is  pre- 
sent. Davis's  {Leon)  Sign,  after  death  the  arteries 
are  pale  or  yellowish,  anil  empty  of  blood, 
whilst  during  life  the  vessels  pulsate,  and  have 
the  color  of  the  surrounding  tissues.  Diaphanous, 
Test,  the  scarlet-red  color  of  the  fingei  edges 
when  held  toward  the  light,  due,  il  life  exists,  to 
the     blood    circulating    through     tin-     ti-  I  be 

scarlet  tint  doc-  not  appeal  ii  life  i-  extinct.  Tin  I  I 
is  not  to  be  relied  on  in  all  cases,  as  in  syncope  the 
red  coloration  may  be  absent.  Fillet  Test:  Richard- 
son's Test,  a  fillet  applied  to  the  veins  of  the  arm  will 
not  cause  lilling  of  the  veins  on  the  distal  side  of  the 
fillet  if  death  he  present.  Fouberfs  Test  consists  in 
cutting  thn  mgh  one  of  the  intercostal  spaces  and  feeling 
the  heart  with  the  point  of  the  linger.  Labor  de' s  Sign. 
Same  as  Cloquef s  Needle  lest.  I. archer's  Sign,  soon 
after  death  the  conjunctivae  exhibit  externally  gray, 
cloudy  discoloration*,  that  rapidly  become  black.  /I 
are  due  either  to  the  formation  of  films  of  mucus,  or  to 
cadaveric  imbibition  dependent  on  putrefactive  changes. 
Levasseur  s  Sign,  the  application  of  a  scarificator  and 
cupping-glass  will  fail  to  draw  blood  if  life  has  been  ex- 
tinct for  some  hour*.  Magnus's  Sign,  if  a  finger  be 
tightly  bound  round  with  a  ligature,  the  part  beyond 
the  constriction  will,  if  the  person  be  living,  become 
bright  red,  the  tint  increasing  in  depth  until  it  finally 
assumes  a  uniformly  bluish-red  color.  At  the  spot, 
however,  where  the  ligature  is  applied,  a  narrow 
white  ring  becomes  visible.  No  change  results  from 
the  application  of  the  ligature  if  life  be  extinct.  Mon- 
teverde 's  Sign,  the  injection  subcutaneously  during  life 
of  a  little  ammonia  solution  will  be  followed  by  a 
port-wine  congestion  in  surrounding  parts,  which  does 
not  take  place  in  case  of  death.  Ripault  Sign,  during 
life  the  circular  shape  of  the  pupil  is  influenced  by 
external  pressure  only  during  its  actual  application. 
After  life,  however,  external  pressure  is  capable  of 
permanently  affecting  the  normal  roundness  of  the 
pupillary  aperture.  D.  Trance,  trance  that  closely 
resembles  death. 

Debilitant  {de-bi/' -it-ant)  \_debilitare ,  to  weaken].  I. 
Weakening.      2.    A  medicine  that  weakens. 

Debility  (de-oil' -it-e).      See  Asthenia. 

Debove's  Membrane.  See  Membrane.  D.  Method. 
See  Treatment,  Methods  of. 

Debridement  [da-brid/-mon{g))  [Fr.,  debridement^. 
The  enlarging  of  a  gunshot  wound  or  a  hernia  with  the 
knife ;   the  slitting  of  any  constricting  tissue  or  band. 

Debrunner's  Tests.     See  Tests,   Table  of. 

Decacerous  {de-has' -er-us)  [(Una,  ten  ;  nkpac,  horn]. 
In  biology,  having  ten  horn-like  processes,  tentacles 
or  arms. 

Decagram  {dek/ -a-gram)  [deica,  ten;  xpaupa,  a  certain 
weight].  Ten  grams  or  15  \. 32349 grains,  0.353  ounce 
avoirdupois,  or 0.3215  ounce  troy.     See  Metric  System. 

Decagynous  [dek-aj' '-in-us)  [Skua,  ten  ;  ;  m/,,  female]. 
In  biology,  with  ten  pistils. 

Decalcification  (de-hal-sifih-a'-skun)  [de  priv.;  calx, 
lime;  facere,  to  make].  The  loss  of  the  lime-consti- 
tuent of  bone  in  some  cases  of  osteitis. 

Decalcified  Bone-Drain.  A  drainage  tube  made  of  a 
decalcified  chicken-bone. 

Decalcify  [de-kalf -sif-i)  [de  priv.  ;  calx,  lime;  facere, 
to  make].  To  remove  lime-salts  from  tissues  previously 
to  section-cutting  for  histologic  examination.  An  acid  is 
usually  combined  with  a  hardening  agent  to  prevent 
swelling  of  the  tissues.  The  best  decalcifying  fluids 
are  Arsenious  Acid,  ( Ihromic  Acid,  I  [ydrochloric  Acid, 
Exner's  Solution.  Hydrochloric  Acid  and  Glycerin, 
Nitric  Acid,  Nitric  Acid  and  Chromic  Acid,  Picric 
Acid.      See  Reagents  and  St, tins,   Table  of. 


Decalcifying  Fluid  {de-kal,-sif-i~ingflu,-id').  A  solu- 
tion used  lor  the  purpose  oi  depriving  tissue  of  its 
calcium  salts.  <  bromic  acid  1  fjram,  water  200  c.c, 
then  add  2  c.C.   nitric  acid, — is  commend 

Decaliter,  Decalitre  [dek'-a-le-ter)  [dt/ca,  ten ;  \vrpa, 
a  pound].      Ten    lit.  !  !  gallons,  or  . 

I  .  S.  gallons.     See  Metru  Sy  tern. 

Decalvant  [de-kal' '-vant  1  [decal;  an  ,  depilatory].  Re- 
moving hair;  depilatory;  causing  baldnes 

Decamerous  [dek-am'-er  j  a,  tin  ;  pipoc,  a  part]. 
In  biology,  ten-parted,  as  a  flower. 

Decameter,  Decametre  (dek' -a-me-ter)  [6kna,  ten; 
fiirptjv,  a    measure].      Ten    met'.  ;.;    English 

inches,  or  32. S  feet.     See  Metric  System. 

De  Candolle,  Canal  of.     See  Canal. 

Decandrous  {dek-an' '-drus)  [Sena,  ten;  avi/p,  male]. 
In  biology,  having  ten  stamens. 

Decane  (dek'-an)  [Sena,  ten],  <'10II.,.,.  A  hydrocarbon 
of  the  paraffin  serie-. 

Decantation  (de-kan-ta'-shun)  \_de,  down;  cantus,  a 
side].  The  operation  of  removing  tin:  supernatant 
fluid  from  a  sediment.  It  may  be  poured  ofl  by  means 
of  a  guiding  r<  d,  or  drawn  off  by  means  of  a  siphon. 

Decapetalous  {dek-ap-ef '-al-us)  [dena,  ten;   rr 
leaf].      In  biology,   having  ten  petals. 

Decaphyllous  \dek-,if -il-us)  [  \7u0v,  a  leaf]. 

In  biology,  ten-leaved 

Decapitation    [de-kap-it-a'-shun)    \_de,    from;     , 
head].      Division  of   the  neck   of  the   child   in  labor, 
when  delivery  and  version  are  both  impossible.      1  bis 
is  sometimes  called  decollation. 

Decapitator  [de-kap> '-it-a-tor)  [de,  from  ;  caput,  head]. 
An  instrument  used  in  performing  decapitation. 

Decapod  {dekf -a-pod}  [deica,  ten  ;  Trove  (wod- ),  foot].  In 
biology,  having  ten  feet,  rays,  or  arms. 

De  Cassis'  Operation.     See  Operations,   Table  of. 

Decay  {dc-ka')  [de,  down;  cadere,  to  fall].  I.  Putre- 
factive change.  2.  The  ultimate  catabolic  state ;  de- 
cline of  life,  of  health,  or  of  any  one  or  more  func- 
tions. 

Dece's  Operations.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Decentered  Lens  {de-sen' '-terd  lenz).  1.  A  lens  thicker 
at  one  side  than  at  the  other.  2.  A  lens  so  mounted 
that  the  visual  line  does  not  pass  through  it-  center. 

Decentration  {de-sen-tra/-shun\  [de,  from  ;  centrum,  a 
center].      Removal  from  a  center. 

Decephalization  {de-sef-al-iz-a' -shun)  [de,  away  from  ; 
Kfon'/rj,  head].  In  biology,  applied  to  retrograde 
changes  or  simplification  in  the  head  part-. 

Decerebrated  (de-ser' '-e-bra-ted)  [de,  from;  cerebrum, 
the  brain].  Deprived  of  the  cerebrum;  said  of  birds 
and  other  animals  that  have  been  thus  vivisected  for 
observational  study. 

De  Chaumont's  Formula.  A  formula  for  determining 
the  volume  of  pure  air  necessary  to  maintain  a  certain 
standard  of  purity  in  the  atmosphere.      It  is  as  follow.-  : 

g 

d  =  —  ;   d  =  the  volume   of  air  to    be   delivered    per 

hour  in  cubic  feet ;  f  =  the  quantity  of  C<  >._,  that  each 
person  is  assumed  to  evolve  per  hour ;  p  =  the  amount 
of  impurity  in  a  cubic  foot  of  air. 
Decidua  [de-sid' '-u-ah)  [deciduus,  a  falling  off].  The 
membranous  envelop  of  the  ovum  derived  from  the 
mother  and  cast  off  at  birth  with  the  placenta,  etc. 
D.,  Ovular.  See  D.  reflexa.  D.,  Placental. 
D.  serotina.  D.  reflexa,  that  part  of  the  decidua 
growing  about  the  ovum  and  enclosing  it  as  a  sac. 
D.  serotina,  that  part  of  the  decidua  vera  upon  which 
the1  ovum  lies,  and  from  which  the  placenta  is  subse- 
quently formed.  D-.  Uterine.  See  D.  vera.  D. 
vera,  the  thickened,  vascular,  spongy  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  gravid  uterus. 


hl.i  [DUAL 


i»l  I  1  IN  1    OLEUM 


Decidual  «,    a     railing     off]. 

D.  Cells,  a  proliferation 

.urn  i>  impregnated, 
|U(  ous   mi  in 
U.      Endometritis. 

DeciJuoma  a  falling 

\n   intra  uterine 
believed  to 
i  portion  ol 

Deciduous  fall]. 

|„  3  thai  fall  in 

when   they  fall 

In  dental  anatoi  ly,  ap 

aporary  teeth.     D.  Skin. 

D.   Teeth,  the  temporary  teeth  or 

,  after  subserving  the 

moved   by  an 

S 

Decigram  [  tenth;    gramma, 

i    ■  .  ns   troy. 

Deciliter  .  tmth;    titra,   liter]. 

i  nglish  fluidounci 
■;/. 
Decimet   :  its,   tenth  ;    uirpov,   a 

:!i  of   a   meter,    or  3.9,57   inches. 

normal  I   nth  ;   norma, 

ith    the    strength    of    the 

Deck  Plug  \  shorl  wooden  cylinder  that 

-,  used   by  ship-builders,  and 

in     pathologic     laboratories     for    making 

-   in  which  t'n  may  be  embed  - 

r  is  wound  around  the  plug 

tee  by  a  rubber  band,  sufficient  paper 

.  a  cylindric  box  with  a  wooden 

Declinate  lown  ;    clinare,  to  bend]. 

In  vnward. 

Declination   [dek-lin-a' 'shun)    [.  .to  decline]. 

needle. 

Declina: 01  nare,  to  decline].     An 

ing   the   dura  out  of   harm'-,   way 

ihining. 

Decline  -  .   to    bend].      A    marked 

n ;   weakness  of  the  body;   an  enfeebling 

cm  t  as  1  if  a 

■     in  for  Pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

Declivis  cerebelli  [I..].     The 

if  the  monticulus  of  the  cere- 
Decoction  to  boil  down].    A 

In  pi  para 

in  water. 

in    the 
in   '1      British    phar- 

Decoctum  \  de- 

Decollated  from  :      ollum, 

Decollation  „ 

Decollat    1  ;      Anin- 

■ 
Decoloration  prive 


of  color].     The  operation  of  disi  barging  the  color  of 
an   organic   substance,    usually    by    bleaching   or   by 
ation  through  animal  charcoal. 

Decolorize    [de-kul'-or-iz\    [decolorare,   to    deprive   of 
or],       lo    remove    the   excess   of   coloring-matter 
from  stained  histologic  preparations,  for  purposes  of 
differentiation. 

Decomposition    [de-kom-po-zish' '-un)    [decomponere,  to 
ompose].     The  separation  of  the  component  prin- 
ciples of  a   body,  either   by   chemic  analysis   or    by 
putrefactive  fermentation. 

Decompound  [de-komf -pound)  [</V,  away,  from;  com- 
as,  compound].      In   biology,   many    times    com- 
pound, as  certain  leaves. 

Decongestive  {de-kon-jesf-tiv)   [</<■,  from  ;  re,  to 

bring  together].     Relieving  congestion. 

Decortication  \de-kor-tik-af -shun)  [</ .  from;  cortex, 
the  bark],  i.  The  operation  of  removing  or  stripping 
the  bark  or  husk  of  a  plant.  2.  The  stripping  off  of 
portions  of  the  cortical  substance  of  the  brain  from  the 
summits  of  the  gyri.  This  lesion  is  often  witnessed  in 
post-mortem  examinations  of  the  brain  after  death 
from  paretic  dementia,  and  is  partly  due  to  the  ab- 
normal   adhesion  of  the  gray  matter  to  the  meninges. 

Decrepit  [de-krep/ -it)  \decrepitus,  old].  Broken  down 
with  age. 

Decrepitation  [de-krep-it-a' '-shun)  [decrepitare,  to 
crackle].  The  crackling  noise  made  by  certain 
crystalline  bodies  when  their  water  of  crystallization 
is  driven  off  by  heat.  It  is  caused  by  the  conversion 
of  the  imprisoned  water  into  steam. 

Decrepitude  {de-krep1 '-it-ud)  [decrepitus,  decrepit]. 
The  state  of  being  decrepit ;  senility;  the  feebleness 
of  old  age. 

Decrescent  (de-kres' '-ent)  [decrescere,  to  decrease].  In 
biology,  gradually  tapering  or  diminishing  from  below 
upward. 

Decubitus  [de-kuf -bit-us)  [decumbere,  to  lie  down].  A 
term  denoting  a  recumbent  or  horizontal  position. 
Also,  the  position  of  a  sick  person  while  in  bed.  D., 
Acute,  a  form  of  bed  sore,  sometimes  seen  in  con- 
nection with  cerebral  lesions. 

Decumbent  [de-kum' '-bent)  [</<•,  down ;  cumbere,  to 
lie].      In  biology,  bent  to  one  side;   reclining. 

Decurrent  [de-kur' -ent)  \de,  down  ;  currere,  to  run]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  leaves  that  are  prolonged  down 
the  side  of  the  stem  below  the  point  of  their  insertion. 

Decussate  [de-kus'-at)  \decussatus, cross].  In  biology, 
arranged  in  pairs  that  successively  cross  each  other. 
To  intersect.  A  term  applied  to  nerve-fibers  and  to 
muscle  libers  that  interlace. 

Decussatio  {de-kus-a* '-she-o)  [L.].  A  crossing.  D. 
pontinalis,  in  the  pons,  a  decussation  of  tegmental 
fibers  from  the  thalamus. 

Decussation  [de-kus-a' -shun)  [decussatio, a  crossing]. 
A  chiasma  or  X  shaped  crossing,  especially  of  nerves, 
or  of  nerve-filaments.  Theprincipal  decussations  are 
that  of  the  optic nerve,  and  that  of  the  pyramids :  i.  e., 
of  tin-  anterior  pyramids  of  the  oblongata. 

Decussorium  [de-kus-of -re-um)  [I-].     An  instrument 
tor  depressing  the  dura  after  tin-  operation  of  trephin 
ing,  so  as  to  facilitate  the  removal   of  pus,  blood,  or 

r  .nil  il  effusions. 
Dedentition   [de-den-tishf-un)     [</-.    down;     dens,    a 

tooth].      Tin-   shedding  of  the   teeth,  especially  the 

mil!-,  teeth. 
Dedolation  (ded-o-la' '-shun)  [dedolatio,  a  hewing  off  ]. 

'flu-  removal  of  a  slice  by  cutting;    a  wound  by  which 

Deduplication    [de-du-plik-a' '-shun)    \deduplicare,     to 

dh  to].    In  biology,  the  same  as  Ckorisis,  a.  t. 

Deelinae  Oleum.    A  highly  refined  petroleum  oil  manu- 


DEEMETINIZE 


357 


I'l  GRADA'J  [ON 


factured  on  the  Dee  River.      It  is  said  to  be  valuable 
as  a  local  application  in  eczema,  etc.      I'nof. 

Deemetinize  [de-em-et' -in-lz).  To  deprive  ipecacuanha 
of  its  emetic  principle,  emetin. 

Deep  (</(/')  [  M  K.  ,</</>■  ].      Not  superficial ;   nol  situated 
near  the  surface.     See  Profundus.     D.  Reflexes. 
Reflex*  r,  Table  of.     D.  Water,  water  obtained  from  a 
porous  substance  beneath  the  first  impervious  stratum. 

Deer-berry  (dlr'-ber-e).  A  popular  name  for  Gaultheria 
procumbens. 

Defatigatio  {de-fat-ig-a' 'sAe-o)  ['••]■  ( >ver-fatigue  ; 
overstrain,  as  of  the  heart-muscle.  D.  mentis,  brain-fag. 

Defecation  [def-ek-a' 'shun)  |  ,  to  separate  from 

the  dregs].      The  evacuation   of  the  bowels,    or   dis 
charge  of  feces. 

Defect  [de-feet')  [defectum,  a  failure].  A  lack  or  fail- 
ure ;  absence  of  any  part  or  organ  ;  absence  or  failure 
of  a  normal  function. 

Defemination   [de-fetn  in-a'-shun).     See  Eviration. 

Defensive  Proteids.  Hankin's  name  for  those  sub- 
stances formed  in  the  bodies  of  animals  that  render 
them  immune  to  certain  diseases.  See  also  Sozin, 
Phylaxin,  Mycosozin,  Toxosozin,  Mycophylaxin,  Toxo- 
phy toxin,  Alexin. 

Deferent  [def'-er-ent)  [deferens,  carrying  away].  Car- 
rying away  or  down  ;   efferent.      See   /  as. 

Deferentitis  [def-er-en-ti'-tis)  [deferens,  carrying  away; 
irir,  inflammation].     Inflammation  of  a  vas  deferens. 

Defervescence  [de-fer-ves'  -ens)  [defervescere,  to  cease 
boiling].  A  term  applied  to  periods  during  the  course 
of  fevers  in  which  the  temperature  falls. 

Defibrillation  [de-fi-bril-a' '-shun)  [de,  from;  fibrilla, 
a  small  fiber].  The  tearing  of  the  brain-substance  in 
the  direction  of  the  least  resistance,  in  order  to  make 
cleavage-preparations. 

Defibrination  {de-fi-brin-a' '-shun')  [de,  from  ;  fibra,  a 
fiber].      The  removal  of  fibrin  from  blood  or  lymph. 

Definition  (def-in-ish'-un)  [definitio;  definire,  to  bound 
by  limits].  In  optics,  the  power  of  an  object-glass  to 
show  clear  outlines  of  area  or  structure,  free  from  ab- 
erration or  distortion. 

Defixus  {de-fiks' '-us)  [defigere,  to  fasten].  Impotent; 
sexually  powerless  ;  an  old  term  based  upon  the  idea 
of  a  spell  wrought  by  an  enemy  being  the  cause  of 
the  condition  indicated. 

Deflagration  [def-lag-ra* '-shun)  [deflagrare,  to  be  con- 
sumed]. A  sudden,  violent  combustion,  such  as 
accompanies  the  oxidation  of  certain  inorganic  sub- 
stances by  mixing  with  an  easily  decomposing  salt, 
such  as  the  alkaline  chlorates  and  nitrates. 

Deflex  [de-fleks')  [deflexus,  to  turn  aside].  In  biology, 
to  bend  down. 

Deflorate  [de-flof -rat)  [defloratus,  to  deprive  of  flow- 
ers]. In  biology,  said  of  a  plant  or  anther  that  has 
lost  its  pollen  or  flowers,  or  is  past  the  flowering  state. 

Defloration  {def-lo-ra' -shun)  [de,  from  ;  flora,  a 
flower].  On  the  part  of  the  female  the  first  sexual 
connection  effected  by  consent,  not  by  rape.  The  loss 
of  those  marks  or  features  that  indicate  virginity,  as 
rupture  of  the  hymen. 

Defluvium  capillorum  {de-flu' -ve-um  kap-il-or'-um). 
Synonym  of  Alopecia  simplex. 

Defluxion   [de-fluk' -shun)    [defluxio ;  d.  .  down  ;   //  . 
to  flow].      I.    A  catarrh  ;    a  descent  of  the   humors  or 
secretions.      2.    A  rapid  falling,  as  of  the  hair  or  eye- 
brows. 

Defcedatio  unguium  (de-fe-da'-she-o  un'-gwe-um)  [1.., 
"  Fouling  of  the  nails  "].  Excessive  thickness,  with 
foul  appearance  of  the  nails,  which  often  Income  partly 
detached  from  the  matrix. 

Defoliate  [de-f/ -le-at)  [afepriv.;  folium,  a  leaf].  To  de- 
stroy the  leaves  of  a  plant,  or  to  cause  them  to  drop  oft. 


Deforestation  [di  for-es-ta'-shun)  [de,  down  ;  foresta, 
a  forest].  The  stripping  of  a  country  or  district  of 
its  forests,  a  process  that   has  a  direct  in'  .pun 

tin   public  health  for  good  or  for  evil. 

Deformation  gure 

or  distort].  A  process  by  which  the  body  or  an)  ol 
its  p  [uires  an  abnormal  sha 

Deformity    [de  form'-it-e)    [deform/las,   a   deformity]. 
Abnormal  shape  or  structure  of  a  bod)-  or   any  j 
D.,  Anterior.     See  Lora 

Defunctionalization  {de-funk-shun-al-iz-a'-shun).  Fail- 
ure or  deprival  of  a  function. 

Degasify  iz'-if-i)    [</<•   priv. ;    gas].     To    expel 

from  wood,  coal-tar  or  other  substance  all  moisture 
and  gaseous  material,  by  means  of  the  application  of 
heat. 

Degener's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Degeneration  [de-jen-er-a' '-shun)  [degenerare,  to  differ 
from  ancestors].  Deterioration,  degradation,  or  retro- 
gression of  the  molecular  or  cellular  structure  of  a 
tissue,  organ,  or  cell,  so  that  it  can  no  longer  maintain 
its  function  ;  passage  from  an  anastate  to  a  catastate, 
or  from  one  catastate  to  a  lower  one.  Atrophy 
form  of  degeneration.  D.,  Amyloid  or  D.,  Albu- 
minoid, now  regarded  as  an  infiltration  from  without, 
and  not  as  a  degeneration  of  the  proper  cells  and 
libers.  See  Albuminoid  Disease.  D.,  Ascending, 
that  which  takes  place  in  centripetal  fibers  after  a  de- 
structive lesion  of  the  spinal  cord.  D.,  Atheromatous. 
See  Endarteritis,  Chronic.  D.,  Black.  Synonym  of 
Melanosis  and  of  Anthracosis.  D.,  Calcareous,  the 
deposition  of  insoluble  compounds  of  calcium  and 
magnesium  within  the  tissues.  Caseation.  See  Casea- 
tion. Cloudy  Swelling.  See  Cloudy  Swelling.  D., 
Colloid,  akin  to  mucoid,  the  disorganized  material 
becoming  of  a  structureless,  semi-solid,  jelly-like  con- 
sistence. D.,  Descending,  that  which  takes  place 
in  the  centrifugal  fibers  of  the  cord  after  a  destructive 
lesion  between  the  central  cortex  and  the  anterior 
nerve-roots.  D.,  Fatty,  the  conversion  of  the  proteids 
of  a  cell  or  fiber  into  oil.  D.,  Fibroid,  the  substi- 
tution of  fibrous  for  a  higher  grade  of  tissue.  D., 
Glassy,  the  halo-granular  change  of  the  heart-muscle 
seen  in  fevers.  D.,  Gray,  in  nervous  tissue  a  de- 
generation due  to  chronic  inflammation,  and  charac- 
terized by  the  production  of  a  gray  color.  D., 
Hyaline,  the  disorganized  tissue  becomes  shining 
and  translucent.  D.,  Ffydropsic,  a  form  of  de- 
generation in  which  the  degenerating  cells  imbibe 
large  quantities  of  water.  D.,  Lardaceous.  See 
Albuminoid  Disease.  D.,  Mucoid,  hyper-secretion 
followed  by  disorganization  of  the  mucus-cells.  D., 
Reaction  of.  See  Reaction  of  Degeneration.  D., 
Senile,  the  widely  disseminated  degenerative  changes, 
largely  fibroid  in  character,  that  mark  old  age.  D., 
System,  degeneration  of  a  system  of  fibers,  in  i 
tradistinction  to  insular  or  scattered  degeneration. 
D  ,  Waxy.  See  .  ilbuminoid  Disc,/  .-.-.  D.,  Zenker's. 
Same  as  /•>.,  Gla 

Deglutable    [deg-luf '-a-bl)    [  .   a    swallowing; 

ME.,  able,  capable].  Capable  of  swallowing, "or  of 
being  swallowed. 

Deglutitio  impedita  [de-glu-tisli' -e-o  im-te-di' -tah). 
Synonym  of  Dysph  \ 

Deglutition  [deg-lu-tish'-un)  [deglutitio,  a  swallowing] . 
The  act  of  swallowing. 

Degmus  (deg'-mus)  [dfjyfi6(,  a  sting;  pain].  A 
gnawing  pain  in  tin;  stomach. 

Degradation  id-a'-shun)  [degradatio,  a   des 

by  steps].  ( Iradual  physiologic  and  histologic  change 
for  the  worse  ;  degeneration  ;  retrograde  metamor- 
phosis. 


RAS 


DEI  1KUM 


Degras 

Degrease  remove  fat, 

the  pre]  i  skeleti 

Degreasing  ■      ■  l  ■   .  Renun  ing 

tli 
Degree  ]       Position 

in   .  The  unit-  or  intervals  o( 

th<  r  timonial 

ther  college. 
1 1 1  i  circle. 

Degut  '1  or  tar.     See  B 

Dehio's  Method.     \  method  ol  outlining  the  stomach. 

te  quan- 

titi  '  ■" '!> 

limit  of  flatness  against 

i    i>    outlined.       I  lie 

weight  will  not 

us,  while  in  i 

pid  and  >  t  ible. 

pe  ].      In   bi- 

■  the  splitting  open  of 

len,  of  antheridi  Tree 

to  shed  their  spore-, 

»hed  theii  tc. 

Dehiscence  ,  to  gape  or 

vn].      Ii.  d  ihiscing  or  -plating 

Dehorn  from;    ME.,  horn\.    To  deprive 

Dehumanizatior.  iun)    [</e,    from; 

lumanj.      I.  of  the  proper  char- 

if  humanity,  either  by    insane   persons,  or 

-apposed  loss  of  some 

■   human  species;   as  in  the 

iccine  viru-. 

/Jration  .   away  from  ;    vdup 

.  al  of  water  from 
mi  reviously  to  clearing  and 

•lute   alcohol   is  generally 

•pecial  cases  in  which   alcohol 

■    cent,  alcohol  will  answer  if 

the  clearing-agent,  and 

a  ith  celloidin  sections.      It  is 

Deiters'  Cells.     '  ertain  cellular  structures  between  the 

i    of  < 'orti.      Also  certain 
nu  it  the  ii:  m  of  the  fibers  of  the 

I'eiters'    Cells  (spider 
iei  ially  in  that 
D.  Nucleus,  a  nucleus  lying 
;'.ar  tract  of  the  medulla 
Nu  leus 
D.  Process,  the  process  of  a  nerve- 
iinder. 
Dejection  :    ,/  ,    down  ;    fa 

r  excremen- 
1.      Also,  a 

ctiones    nigrae  )    [L.]. 

Dekagram  .,n% 

De; 

Dekameter  vr. 

Del  Toro's  Operation.  0f. 

Delaficld's  Hematoxylin.  -  ains. 

Delagarde's  Operation 

Dclaminatu.  lamina, 

a  ''  ■  ie  split- 

De  li  Rues  Method  ring  carminic 

I 
tate  th-  nbic  acetate  slightly  acidulated 


with  acetic  add,  can-  being  taken  not  to  add  an  excess 
ol  the  lead.  Wash  the  precipitate  with  distilled  water 
until  the  wash  water  ceases  to  give  a  precipitate  with 
mercuric  chlorid ;  then  decompose  it  with  hydrogen 
sulphid;  tiller,  evaporate  the  filtrate  to  a  syrupy  con- 
sistence  on  a  water-bath,  and  dry;  extract  the  dark- 
purple  product  with  alcohol,  which  dissolves  out  the 
:iiiiic  acid.  See  Stains,  Table  of. 
Delayed  Symptoms.     A  term  used  as  a  synonym  of 

Deleterious  [del-et-ef-re-us)  \6tihfHipun, ,  hurtful].  Hurt- 
ful, injurious. 

Delffs'  Tests.     See  Tests,  Tail 

Delhi  Boil  {del' -he  boil).     See  Furunculus  orientalis. 

Delicate  [del'-ik-ai)  \delicatus,  delicati  |  I  u  a  refined 
constitution,      feeble.      In  acondition  of  poor  health. 

Deligation  [del-ig-a' -shun\  \deligatio,  a  binding].  Li- 
gation, as  of  an  artery  ;   bandaging,  as  of  a  wound. 

De   Lignerolle's   Operation.     See    Operations,  Table 

Deliquescence  [del-ik-wesf -ens\    [deliquescere,  to   melt 

away].      The   breaking  down   as  a  result  of   the  ab- 

sorption  of  water  from  the  atmosphere,  characteristic 

of  certain  substances.      Such  substances  are  said  to  be 

roseopic. 

Deliquescent  [del-ik-wes/-ent)  [deliauescere,  to  melt 
away].  In  biology,  dissolving ;  applied  to  a  stem  that 
divides  into  branches. 

Deliquium  [del-ikr -we-um)  [!->■]■  An  absence.  D. 
animi.  I.  failure  of  the  mind  ;  mental  decay  ;  melan- 
choly; lownessof  the  spirits.     2.  Syncope  or  fainting. 

Delirament  [de-lir1 '-am-ent)  \deliramentum,  delirium]. 
1  >elirium. 

Deliration  [de-lir-a* -shun)  [Deliratio,  delirium].  De- 
lirium. 

Deliriant  [de-lir1 '-e-ant)  \de,  out  of;  lira,  the  furrow]. 
An  agent  that  acts  on  the  brain,  so  as  to  disorder  the 
mental  faculties  and  produce  confusion  of  will-power. 

Delirifacient  [de-lir-e-fa' '-she-ent  )  [delirium,  delirium  ; 
facere,  to  make].      Producing  delirium. 

Delirious  [de-lir' '-e-us)  [delirus,  mad,  raving].  Af- 
fected with  delirium  ;    wandering  in  mind. 

Delirium  [de-lirf -e-um)  [delirium,  madness],  A  dis- 
turbance of  the  cerebral  functions  manifested  by  im 
paired  action  of  the  nerve-centers,  characterized  by 
hallucinations,  an  incoherence  of  Speech,  a  staggering 
gait,  etc.  D.,  Alcoholic.  See  D.  tremens.  D. 
ambitiosum,  a  condition  of  boastfulness  that  is  some- 
times manifest  in  the  course  of  paretic  dementia.  D. 
cordis,  a  peculiar  condition  of  the  myocardium  re- 
sulting  when  chloroform  vapor  is  administered  above 
a  certain  point  of  concentration.  The  myocardium 
fails  to  contract  and  rapidly  becomes  insensitive  to 
stimulation,  being  thrown  only  into  fibrillary  contrac- 
tion. A  heart  once  so  dilated  beyond  the  point  oi  li- 
ability to  re-contract  never  recovers,  and  death  results. 
D.  ebrositatis.  See  D.  tremens.  D.,  Febrile, 
the  delirium  1       D.   furibundum,  acute  ma- 

nia. D.  of  Grandeur,  delirium  ambitiosum.  D. 
mussitans,  low,  muttering  delirium.  D.  nervosum, 
the  delirium  following  severe  surgical  operations,  or 
injuries.  D.  palignosticum,  thai  in  which  the  pa- 
tient asserts  thai  he  has  be  re  in  a  place  to 
which  he  has  come  for  the  first  time.  D.  persecu- 
tions, that  in  which  the  patient  imagines  himself 
the  object  of  persecution.  D.  potatorum,  synonym 
of  D.  tremens.  D.,  Senile,  the  delirium  of 
dotage.  D.,  Toxic,  the  delirium  caused  by  poisons. 
D.  tremens,  the  delirium  arising  from  alcoholic  pois- 
oning,  and  usually  following  some  acute  sickness, 
overwork,  or  the  shock  consequent  upon  an  injury 
or  surgical  operation.      It  is  characterized  bj  constant 


DELITES<  ENCE 


:;.-,!» 


DENDR1  1  [C 


tremor,    great    exhaustion,    distressing    illusions    and 

hallucination.-.      D.  vigilans.     See  D.  tr,  mens. 

Delitescence  [del-it-es' -ens)  [delitescere,  to  lie  hid]. 
The  sudden  disappearance  of  inflammation  by  resolu- 
tion. Also,  the  period  of  incubation  of  the  virus  of 
contagious  diseases,  such  a-  smallpox,  etc. 

Delivery  [de-la/ -er-e)  [It.,  dilivrer;  deliberare,  to  set 
free].  Parturition,  childbirth.  D.,  Post-mortem, 
the  birth  of  a  fetus  after  the  death  of  the  mother, 
from  an  accumulation  of  gases  in  the  uterine  cavity. 

Delomorphous  [del-o-mor' -fus)  [dffkoq,  conspicuous; 
(lopfrfj,  form].  With  open  or  conspicuous  form.  D. 
Cells  of  Rollet,  collections  of  large,  oval,  or  angular, 
well-defined,  granular,  reticulated,  nucleated  cells, 
between  themembrana  propria  and  the  adelomorphous 
cells  of  the  fundus  glands  of  the  gastric  mucous  mem- 
brane. They  are  called,  also,  Parietal  Cells  of 
Heidenhain,  or  Oxyntic  Cells  of  Langley. 
secretory  part  of  the  tubes  is  lined  by  cells  called 
Adelomorphous,  Central,  or  Principal  Cells. 

Delore's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Delpech's  Operations.    See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Delphin  (  iel'-fin).      Same  as  Delphinin. 

Delphini  Oleum  [del-fi' '-ni o' '-le-um)  [!-■]•  The  oil  of 
the  common  porpoise,  Phocana  communis.  It  is  said 
to  have  all  the  medicinal  virtues  of  cod-liver  oil, 
without  the  disagreeable  qualities  of  the  latter. 

Delphinin  [del' '-fin-in)  [6e\<j>iviov,  larkspur],  C,4 1 1  ,r>- 
N02.  A  poisonous  alkaloid  from  Staphisagria.  See 
Staphisagria. 

Delphinium  [delfin'-e-um).     See  Staphisagria. 

Delphinoidin  [dcl-fin-oid'-in  )  [&tktyivwn>,  larkspur; 
eldoc,  like].  An  amorphous  alkaloid  derived  from 
Stavesacre. 

Delphisin^/'-zlf-zw)  [Stkfyivuov,  larkspur],  C54II4,;\',<  >8. 
An  alkaloid  of  Stavesacre  occurring  in  crystalline  tuft-. 

Delta  {del' -tali)  [Sefca,  the  fourth  letter  of  the  Greek 
alphabet].  The  vulva,  from  its  triangular  shape.  D. 
mesoscapulae,  the  triangular  area  at  the  root  of  the 
spine  of  the  scapula. 

Deltidium  [del-tidr -e-um\  [the  Greek  letter  A,  Sk"Kra\. 
In  biology,  applied  to  the  triangular  space  on  a  brach- 
iopod  shell,  between  the  beak  and  the  hinge. 

Deltoid  {del'-toid)  [delta,  the  Greek  letter  A;  eldoq, 
likeness] .  Having  the  shape  of  a  delta,  or  a  triangular 
form,  as  the  D.  Muscle.     See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Delusion  (de-lu' -zhun)  \_de,  from;  lusus,  play].  A 
false  judgment  of  objective  things,  as  distinguished 
from  illusion  and  hallucination.  It  is  the  result  of  an 
abnormal  condition  of  the  brain.  A  delusion  may  be 
systematized  or  unsystematized,  the  former  being  the 
more  serious  and  met  with  in  the  chronically  insane. 

Delusional  [de-lu' '-zAun-al)  [deludere,  to  delude].  Of 
the  nature  of  a  delusion  ;  characterized  by  delusions. 
D.  Stupor.     See  Insanity,  Confusional. 

Demarcation  [de-mark-a' '-shun)  [demarcare,  to  set  the 
bounds  of].  A  line  of  separation,  as  between  gan- 
grenous and  healthy  tissue. 

Demarquay's  Operation.      See  Operation.;.  Tabl 

Demembration  [de-mem-bra' '-shun)  [demembrare,  to 
deprive  of  a  limb  or  limbs].  The  cutting  off  of  a 
member;  amputation:   castration. 

Dement  (de/-ment)  [demens,  insane].  An  insane  per- 
son ;   one  who  is  demented. 

Dementia  (de-men' -she-ak)  [de.  out  of;  mens,  the 
mind].  A  mild  form  of  insanity  marked  by  imper- 
fect conception,  illogical  sequence  of  expression,  loss 
of  reflection,  and  impaired  perception.  There  is  par- 
tial loss  of  self-control  ami  self-respect.  Dementi;',  i- 
often  a  final  stage  of  other  forms  of  insanity.  It  is 
described  under  the  various  forms  of  secondary, 
senile,    organic,  and    alcoholic.       There    is   a   general 


atrophy  of  the  brain  -ubstance,  with  a  compensatory 
thickening  of  the  bram  membranes,  and  an  increase 
■  ■I  the  fluid  of  tin-  brain  and  of  the  neuroglia. 

Demersal,  or  Demersed  [de-mer'-sal,  or  de-merstf) 
[dtmersus,  plunge  into].  In  biology,  growing  beneath 
the  surface  of  water,  as  the  egg-  ot    the-  catfish. 

Demi-  A  Latin  prefix  denoting  one-half. 

Demilune  Cells  dm'  Inn  z)  [demiius,hal(;  luna, 
moon].  See  Cell.  D.  C.  of  Adamkiewicz.  A.  pecu- 
liar form  of  nerve-corpuscle  lying  below  the  neuri- 
lemma ol  medullated  nerve-fibers;  il  is  stained  yellow 
by  safranin.  D.  C.  of  Heidenhain.  half-moon  shaped 
lies  lying  between  the  cell-,  and  the  membrana 
propria  of  the  alveolus  in  the  salivary  glands. 

Demimonstrosity   [dem-e-mon-stros' '-it-e)   [demi,  half; 
monstruosus,    monstrous].      A    variety   of   congenital 
deformity  that  doe-   not  give   rise   to  appreciable  dis- 
ler  of  function. 

Demme,  Bacillus  and  Micrococcus  of.  See  Bac- 
teria. Synonymatic  '/'able  of. 

Demnia    [demf-ne-ak)    [fie/iviov,   a  bed].      In  biology, 

subgenital    cavities    found   in   the    Discomedusw  ; 

they  are   also  called  respiratory  cavities,  genital  cavi- 

ties,    umbrella-cavities   of    the    reproductive   organs; 

infundibula  subgenitalia . 

Demodex  (dem'-o-deks)  [At}/i6c,  fat;  d#f,  an  insect]. 
A  genus  of  parasitic  insects.  D.  folliculorum,  a 
minute  parasite  found  in  the  sebaceous  follicles,  par- 
ticularly of  the  face.  It  probably  does  not  produce  any 
symptoms,  though  in  large  numbers  it  may  produce 
acne.      See  Cow,,/,',  also  Parasites  [Animal),  'Table  of. 

Demography  ( de-mog* '-ra-fe)  \  ir,  the  people ; 
ypafeiv,  to  write].  The  science  of  peoples  collectively 
considered;  social  science,  including  that  of  vital  sta- 
tistics and  the  consideration  of  various  questions  of 
state  medicine. 

De  Moivre's  Hypothesis.  An  hypothesis  that  the  de- 
crements of  population  are  in  arithmetic  proportion, 
and  that  of  every  S6  persons  born,  one  dies  uniformly 
every  year  until  all  are  extinct. 

Demonolatry  [de-mon-ol' '-at-re)  [Saiuuv,  a  demon  ;  Juxr- 
.  worship].    Insane  or  delusional  worship  of  devil-  ; 
the  morbid  assumption  of  the  character  of  a  witch. 

Demonomania  (de-mo-no-ma' -ne-ah)  [6ai/iwv,  a  devil; 
fiaum,  madness].  A  form  of  madness  in  which  a 
person  imagines  himself  possessed  of  a  devil. 

Demonomaniac  [de-mo-no-ma/-ne-ak)  [fiaiuwv,  a 
devil  ;  fiavia,  madness].  One  who  suffers  with  demo- 
nomania. 

Demonopathy  [de-mon-op'  -a-the)    [  Sal/iuv,  a  demon  ; 
.  disease].      Same  as  Demonomania. 

Demonstrator  [dem' ' -on-stra-tor)  [  demonstrare,  to 
show].  One  who  instructs  in  the  practical  application 
of  the  arts  and  scien 

De  Morgan's  Operation.      See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Demours,  Membrane  of.      See  Descemet ' s  Membrane. 

Demulcent  [de-mul' '-sent)  [demulcere,  to  smooth].  I 
Soothing;  locally  softening  and  lenitive.  2.  Any 
substance  that  protect-  the  mucous  membranes.  It  i- 
generally  of  a  mucilaginous  nature. 

Demutization  [de-mu-tiz-a' -shun)  [de,  not;  .mutus, 
dumb].  The  education  of  deaf-mutes  to  speak  and 
to  understand  spoken  language  by  the  movement  of 
the  lips,  -igns,  etc. 

Denan's  Operation.     See  Operations.  Table  of. 

Denarcotized  [de-nar4 '-ko-Rzd)   [de,  priv.;    vapnun 
narcotic].      Having  the  narcotin  removed,   as  opium. 

Dendritic,  or  Dendroid  (den-drit'-ik,  or  den'-droid) 
[Set  .  i  tree].    Tree-like  or 

arborescent.  The  arrangement  of  the  structures  that 
make  up  the  arbor  -'it,,-  of  the  cerebellum,  or  that  of 
the  uterus,  is  dendritic. 


DENDRi  II   1 


360 


DEN1  ES 


Dendrocelus 

belly  1.     In  biology,  ba\  inched  inti  »l 

Dendrodentine 

ith- tissue].      In    biology,    a    tooth-tissue 
the   blending  of  the  dentine,  enamel,  and 
cement  of  many  teeth. 

Dendrostylc  .tree; 

pillar]       In  gy,  Huxley's  term  tor  the  stalk  ol 

the  tin  hydj 

Denecke,  Spirillum  of. 
Dengue  >'•     ■    Ind.]        \   zymotic  dis 

mittent  fever,  but  much  more 
king  pain  in  the  head 
Lin  in  th  -.  arthra] 

tarrhal   inflammation  of  those  mucous  surfaces  that 
.    to  tlu        .         illen  salivary  glands  and 
nu  nymatic  . 

Denidation  priv. ;   nidus,  a  nest] . 

I  luring  involution  after  pregnancy,  the  process  of  dis- 
inp  .  the  superficial  portion  of 

the  uterine  mu< 
Denis's  Plasmin.     A  precipitate  of  uncoagulated  Mood 

with  ted  with  sodic  chlorid. 

Denneth's  System.  atment,  Methods  of. 

Dennis's  Operation.     See  Operati  ns,  Tabh 
Denonvillier's   Operation.     See  Operation*,  Tabic  of. 
De  nov.  [' ••]•      Anew. 

Dens  [1. .:/>/..  D  ntes~\.      A  tooth.      See  Teeth. 

Density    [den'-sit    |    \densilas,  thickness] .    Closeness; 
mess,      lu  electro-therapeutics,  the  amount  of 
electricity  accumulated  on  a  unit  of  surface. 
Dent  I  1  r.].      A  tooth. 

Dentagra    ien-taf -grah)  [dens,  a  tooth;  >i]pa,  a  seizure], 
i     The  a  instrument  for  extracting  teeth  ; 

a  tooth- forceps.      2.  The  term  is  also  applied  to  tooth- 
acb 
Dental  ns,  a  tooth  :  sv//.,  Dentis\    Pertain- 

g  to  tlit-  teeth.  D.  Apparatus,  the  teeth,  together 
with  the  alveoli  in  which  they  are  implanted,  and  the 
jaw  if  artificial  teeth.    The  instruments  and 

ap;  d  in  dental  operations  are  like  wis 

D.  Arches,  ai  The  ari 

teeth  when  arranged  in  their  sockets  in 

the  ;,  or  tin-  arch  formed  by  the  alveolar 

ich  jaw.      D.  Arteries,  the  arteries  supply- 

''.      D.  Atrophy, 

5<     .',      fhy  of  the  Teeth.    D.  Bone, 

irtofatooth.     D.  Canals,  the 

ill,  and   give   passagi 

tli''  t  enter  the  teeth  at  the 

exi  ('mi, il.     D.  Caries, 

th.     D.  Cavity,  cavitas  pulpae ;  cavum 

tale.     The  pulp- cavity.     The  cavity 

ital  pulp  in  tl  .r  ol'  a  tooth. 

It-  thai  ..I  :i  ;    it   i,  larger  in 

than  in  old,  and  v.  teeth   suffi  i 

r  from  me<  banical  orspon- 

times  1"  impletely  ob- 

D.  Engine,  a 

[870,  bul  1111 

'  I  the 

I  drills.    It  i-  like  a  dental 

lai 

n.      By  1  nts 

ight 

rlj      forty-fii 

ntal 
I J    Excavator,  an  instrum 

D.    Exostosi 


ptosis  of  the  Teeth.  D.  File,  a  file  manufactured 
for  operations  on  the  teeth.  See  File,  Dental.  D. 
Forceps.  See  Forceps  tor  Extracting  Teeth.  D. 
Glands.  See  Gland.  D.  Groove,  a  furrow  on  the 
lower  border  of  the  upper  jaw  early  in  fetal  life,  in 
which  tin-  teeth  are  developed.  D.  Laboratory,  a 
room  or  place  where  the  operations  connected  with 
mechanical  dentistry  are  performed.  D.  Necrosis, 
odontonecrosis.  See  A'..-  tis  of  the  Teeth.  D.  Neu- 
ralgia, a  form  of  neuralgia  the  immediate  exciting 
cause  of  which  is  ow  ing  1  <  >  some  disease  ol  the  •  U  nt.il 
pulp.  See  Odontalgia.  D.  Organism,  the  organism 
of  the  teeth;  the  organic  structure  of  the-.,-  organs; 
the  vital  forces  that  govern  them.  D.  Orthopedia, 
the  art  of  correcting  deformity  occasioned  by  irregular- 
ity of  the  teeth,  or  other  causes.  See  Irregularity  of 
the  'Teeth.  D.  Pathology,  considers  the  causes  and 
different  forms  of  the  various  diseases  to  which  the  teeth 
are  liable.  D.  Periostitis,  periostitis  dentium.  In- 
flammation of  the  dental  periosteum  or  peridental 
membrane.  See  Odontalgia,  and  Periodontitis.  D. 
Pulp,  a  soft,  vascular,  and  highly  sensitive  sub- 
stance, of  a  reddish -gray  color,  occupying  the  cavity  of  a 
living  tooth.  It  also  constitutes  the  rudiment  of  a  tooth. 
The  dental  pulp  is  the  principal  blood-supply  and 
nerve-supply  of  the  dentine.  D.  Pulp.  Destruction 
of;  there  are  two  nu-thods  of  destroying  the  pulp;  one 
by  an  operation,  such  as  the  use  of  a  barbed  brooch ; 
the  other  by  the  application  of  some  devitalizing  agent, 
as  arsenious  acid.  D.  Ridges,  the  projecting  borders 
of  the  primitive  dental  groove.  D.  Sac,  the  sac  that 
encloses  the  developing  tooth  in  the  embryo.  D. 
Surgeon  (chirurgien  dentiste),  surgeon-dentist,  one 
who  devotes  himself  to  the  study  and  treatment  of  the 
diseases  of  the  teeth,  and  their  connections,  and  the 
adoption  of  substitutes  for  them  wlun,  by  age,  a<  cident 
or  disease,  they  are  lost.  D.  Therapeutics,  con- 
siders the  methods  and  medicaments  used  in  the  tl 
ment  of  diseases  of  the  teeth.  D.  tubuli,  the  tubes 
occurring  in  the  structure  of  the  dentine. 

Dentalgia  (den-tal'-je-ah)  [dens,  tooth;  aXyoc,  pain]. 
Tooth-ache. 

Dentalis  lapis  (den-ta'-lis  la'fis)  [L.].  Salivary  cal- 
culus ;  tartar  of  the  teeth. 

Dentaphone  [den' -taf-on)  [dens,  tooth  ;  <puvfi,  sound]. 
A  modification  of  the  audiphone,  </.  v.,  by  means  ,,f 
which  the  sound  waves  are  transmitted  through  the 
bones  of  the  head  to  the  auditory  apparatus. 

Dentarpaga    {den-tar' '-pa-gah)    [dens,   tooth; 

hook].      An  instrument  for  the  extraction  of  teeth, 

Dentate  (den/-ldt)  \_</ens,  a  tooth].  In  biology,  ap- 
plied to  leavi  -.  wings,  or  other  Rattened  organs  that 
have  their  margins  provided  with  acute  teeth  that  point 
directly  outward  from  the  margin. 

Dentatum  [den  ta/-tum)  [!-]■  The  dentate  nucleus 
of  the  cerebellum.     D.  olivae.     See   Dentoliva. 

Dentes  [den'  to  1  [  I ...  tin-  plural  of  dens\     Teeth. 

'//.     D.  acuti,  tin-  incisor  teeth.      D.  adulti,  the 
teeth  of  second   dentition.     D.  adversi,   the   inci 

teeth.       D.  angulares,  the  canine  01     CUSpid    teeth,   50 

called,  probably,  because  they  are  situated   at  the  an- 
gles of  the  alveolar  arch,  at  the  corners  of  the  mouth, 
or  from  the  angular  shape  of  their  crowns.    D.  bicus- 
pidati,  bicuspid  teeth.     D.  canini,  the  cuspid  01 
nim  1 1    from    their  resemblam  e  to  the 

1I1  of  a  dog.  D.  cariosi,  carious  teeth,  D.  colum- 
ellares.  the  molar  teeth.  D.  cuspidati,  cuspid  teeth. 
D.    exserti     |  .     to     thrust    out],    teeth     that 

projei  1  or  are  in  front  of  the  dental  arch,  but  applied 
more  particularly  to  the  cuspidati.     D.  incisores,  in- 
D.  lactei,  the  milk,  temporary,  or  de 
cidi  Deciduous    Teeth.     D.  molares, 


DF.NTieri.ATK 


:?i;i 


hi  NUDA  I T. 


molar   teeth.     D.  primores,  Incisors.  Canine. 

the   incisor  teeth  ;   so    called 

because  they  o<  cupj  the  front 

or  anterior  part  of  the  dental 

arch.       D.     sapientiae,     the 

wisdom  teeth.     A  name  i;iven 

to    the    third    molar  tooth  of 

each   hall    of    tin-    jaws.      D. 

tomici  [  (omit  us,  cutting],  the 

incisor  teeth. 
Denticulate    (den  -  tik'  -  it  -  lot) 

[denticulus,    a   small    tooth]. 

In    biology,    having    minute 

dentations.       Furnished  with 

small  teeth. 
Denticulus     (den  -  tik'   u  -  his) 

[I..].     A  little  tooth. 
Dentier  (don(g)-te-a')  [Fr.].  A 

French     word     signifying     a 

base   of   metal,   ivory   or  any 

other  substance,  employed  as 

a  support  or   attachment    for 

artificial   teeth.       The  term  is 

also   sometimes  applied  to   a 

set  of  artificial  teeth. 
Dentification    (den  -  tif-  ik  ■  a'- 

shun)   [dens,  a  tooth;  facere,  to  make].     The  forma- 
tion of  teeth. 

Incisors.        Canine.  Milk  molars. 


Bicuspids 


Molars 


■  in  tooth. 


The  Teeth  of  an  Adui.t. 
The  top  section  of  illustration  is  the  upper  set,  and  the  bottom  is  the  lower  set. 


The  Temporary  Teeth. 

The  top  section  of  illustration  is  the  upper  set,  and 

the  bottom  section  is  the  lower  set. 

Dentiform  (denf -tif-onri)  [dens,  a  tooth  ;  forma,  shape]. 
In  biology,  tooth-like. 

Dentifrice  (den' '-tif-ris)  [dens,  tooth  ;  fricere,  to  rub]. 
A  substance  used  for  cleansing  the  teeth. 

Dentigerous     (den-ii  '  [dens,    a    tooth;    gerere, 

to  carry].      In  biology,  bearing  teeth. 

Dentinal  (den' '-tin-al)  [dens,  a  tooth].  Pertaining  to 
or  composed  of  dentine. 

Dentinalgia    (den-tin-aV -je-aJC)    [dens,  a  tooth  ;  a 
pain].      Pain  in  dentine. 

Dentine  (den' -/in)  [dens,  a  tooth].  The  bony  structure 
of  the  tooth,  lying  under  the  enamel  of  the  crown 
and  the  pericementum  of  the  root.  D.,  Sensitive- 
ness of,  a  hypersensitive  condition  of  the  dentine 
tooth,  occasioned  by  distal  irritation  of  the  dentinal 
fibrils.      See  Sensitive  Den/ in  . 

Dentinitis  (den-tin-V-tis)  [dens,  a  tooth ;  trig,  inflamma- 
tion].    Inflammation  of  the  dentinal  fibrils. 

Dentiphone  (denf-tif-6n  |  [dens,  a  tooth  ;  <>'.>ei;,  a  voice]. 
A  form  of  audiphone  in  which  the  vibrating  disc  i- 
attached  to  the  teeth. 

Dentist  (den'-tist)  [dens,  a  tooth].      Dentista  :  odontia- 


ter  ;    a  dental  surgeon. 


See  Dental  Surgeon. 


Dentistry  (den'-tis-tre)  [dens,  a  tooth].  <  'dontotechny ; 
odontiatria  ;  odontotherapia  ;  dental  surgery,  embrac- 
ing everything  pertaining  to  the  treatment  and  re- 
placement of  the  loss  of  the  natural  teeth. 

Dentitio   (den-tishf -e-6)   [L.].      Dentition. 

Dentition  (den-tiskr -un)  [dens,  a  tooth].  The  cutting 
or  first  appearance  of  the  teeth  in  infancy.  Also,  the 
arrangement  and  evolution  of  the  teeth.  Dentition  is 
primary,  that  is,  the  cutting  of  the  temporary  or  milk 
teeth,  and  secondary,  or  that  of  the  permanent  teeth. 
There  are  always  some  vague  symptoms  associated 
with  the  process,  such  as  fretfulness,  u-tlessness,  con- 
vulsions, diarrhea,  painful  and  swollen  gum,  which 
may  be  relieved  by  lancing  over  the  protruding 
tooth. 

Dentium  (den' '-she-uni)  [L.:  gen.  of  Dentii~\.  <  >f  the 
teeth.  D.  cavernse,  the  sockets  of  the  teeth.  D. 
cortex,  the  enamel  of  the  teeth.  D.  dolor,  pain  in 
the  teeth  ;  tooth-ache.  D.  nitor,  enamel  of  the  teeth. 
D.  scalptura,  lancing  of  the  «uiib.  D.  vacillantia, 
looseness  of  the  teeth. 

Demography    (den-tog* -ra-fe)    [dens,  a  tooth;   ; 
a  description].     A  description  of  teeth. 

Dentoliva  (den -to/' ' -iv-ah)  [dens,  a  tooth  ;  oliva,  an 
olive].  Dentatum  olivse ;  olivary  nucleus;  a  capsule 
of  cinerea  within  the  oliva  of  the  brain. 

Dentology  (den-tol' -o-je)  [dens,  a  tooth  ;  Myog,  science]. 
A  treatise  on  the  teeth. 

Dentonomy  (den-ton' -o-me)  [dens,  a  tooth  ;  vS/iog,  a 
law].       The  arrangement  of  the  teeth  into  classes. 

Dentos  (den'-tos)  [dens,  tooth;  os,  bone].  Tooth- 
bone  ;  tooth  substance. 

Dentrification  (den-trif-ik-a'-shun)  [dens,  a  tooth; 
facere,  to  make].  The  deposition  of  lime  salts  on  the 
enamel  and  dentine  of  the  teeth. 

Dents  (dahnt)  [Fr.].  Teeth.  D.  bicuspidees.  the 
bicuspid  teeth.  D.  coldes,  neck  of  the  teeth.  D. 
canides,  the  canine  teeth.  D.  de  lait,  the  milk  or 
temporary  teeth.  D.  machelures.  the  molar  teeth. 
D.  molares,  the  molar  teeth.  D.  multicuspidees, 
the  large  molar  teeth.      D.  ceilleries,  canine  teeth. 

Denture  (den'-chur)   [dens,  a  tooth].     A  complet 
of   teeth;    the    whole    assemblage   of  teeth    in    both 
jaws. 

Denudate  (denr-u-dat)  [denudare,  to  strip].  In  bi- 
ology, lacking  covering,  as  scales,  hair,  foliage. 


I'l  \l  DING 


s» 


DERENCEPHALOCEI.E 


Denuding   [den  nudare,  to  denude].       \ 

stripping  .>r  making  lure.     D.  of  the  Teeth,  anal 
tion  tint  consists  in  the  gradual  destruction   ol    the 
enamel  of  tin-  antei  abial  surfaces  "t  the  inci- 

~.  cuspidati,  and  sometimes  of  the  bicuspids;  the 
molars  1  by  it. 

Denutrition  om ;  nutriare,  to 

nourish].     The  breaking   down  "r  atrophy  >>t'  tissue 
arising  from  nutrition.      Hie  opposite  <>t  nutri- 

tion. 

Deobstruent  »m  ;  obstruere,  to 

struct].     A   d  thai  removes   functional  ob- 

>tru  aperient. 

Deodan  :  .  to  give].      A 

tine  formerly  in.  i  an  inanimate  thing  or  animal 

th.it  had  caused  the  injury  ..r  violent  death  ofaperson. 

Deodorant  '  ire,  to  smell]. 

A  substance  that  rei  -  offensive  odi 

Deodorizer  \de    priv.  ;     odorare,    to 

smell].      \   d<   "I":  Qt;  a  substance  that  de- 

:nsive  o 

Deontology  )  [Aim-,  right,  binding  ;  / 

j.      The  of  duty.     D.,  Medical,  medi- 

Deoppilant.  or  Deoppilative  [de-op* -il-ant,  or  de-op- 
.   from;     fpilare,  to  stop].     I.   Deob- 
stru  rient.      2.   An  aperient  medicine. 

Deorsum  I  .].    Downward.    D.  vergens. 

Deossification  ;hun)  [de ,  away ;  ar,bone; 

.  to  do].     The  absorption  of  bony  material ;  the 
rivation  of  any  part  of  its  bony  character. 
Deoxidation   [de-oks-id-a* -shun)    [de,  from ;    oxidatus, 
having  oxygen].      In  chemistry,  the   separation  of  an 
pound  from  the  oxygen  held    in   com- 
bination.     Reduction. 
Deozonize    [de-o'-zon-iz)   [de,  from;    b^eiv,  to   smell]. 

if  ozone. 

Depauperate  -o'-per-df)  [de,  intensive;   pauper, 

or]      1.    I'i   render  poor;    to   pauperize;    to   im- 

rerish.     2.     Impoverished;    ill-nourished;    under- 

:.  and  under- grown. 

Depilation  (dep-il-a'  -shun)  [depilatio,  removal  of  hair]. 

removal  of  hairs. 
Depilate:  ■' -a-tor)  [depilare,  to  remove  the  hair]. 

An  instrument  for  pulling  out  the  hair. 
Depilatory     t  pit' ' -at-or-e)  [de,  from;  pilits,  the  hair], 
i     I  laving  the  power  to  remove  the  hair.      2.    A  sub- 
troy  the  hair,  usually  a  caustic  al- 
kali. 
Deplethoric    [de-pleth' '-or-ik)    [de   priv;    irlridapTi,  ple- 

:].      Marked  by  absence  of  plethora. 
Depletion  tun)     [deplere,   to    empty].     The 

of  diminishing  the  quantity  of  any  tissue   or 
tluid  of  tin-  body,  especially  the  blood.     It  may  be 

1  by  venesection  and  purg- 
ing, cupping,  or  scarifi 

Depletive,  Depletory  [de-ple* -Hv ,  de-ple* -tor-e)  [dep 

tnpty].      1  or  tending  toward  depletion. 

Deplumatiot  down, off;  pluma, 

■ 
Depolarization  tn).      Destruction  of 

n  of  the  opposite  pol( 

mbination  of 
d    by  means  of  a 

Deposit  .   1  ,   place],      A 

'i  held  in  suspen- 
normal  matter  in  any 


Deposition  [de-po-zish'-nn).     See  Couching. 

Depositive  [de-pot? '-it-iv)  [deponere,  to  lay  aside]. 
Tending  to  or  characterized  by  a  morbid  deposit  ; 
exudatix 

Depravation  [dep-rav-a1 'shun)  [depravare,  to  vitiate]. 
A  deterioration  or  morbid  change  in  the  secretions, 
tissues,  or  functions  of  the  body. 

Depressant  [de-pres1 '-ant)  [deprimere,  to  press  down]. 
A  medicine  that  retards  or  depresses  the  physiologic 
action  of  an  organ.  A  sedative.  D.,  Cardiac,  one 
that  lowers  the  action  of  the  heart.  D.,  Cerebral, 
one  that  arrests  the  functions  of  the  cerebrum.  D., 
Motor,  one  that  lowers  the  activity  of  the  spinal  cord 
and  motor  apparatus. 

Depressio  [de-pres* -e-o)  [L.].  A  depressing.  D. 
cataractae.     Synonym  of  Couching. 

Depression  [de-presh* -un)  [depressio;  deprimere,  to 
depress].  In  anatomy,  a  hollow,  or  fossa.  In  sur- 
gery, displacement  inward  of  the  skull,  often  giving 
rise  to  pressure  on  the  brain.  D.  and  Elevation, 
one  of  the  Swedish  movements,  either  excentric  or 
concentric,  in  which,  while  the  part  is  being  raised  or 
depressed,  resistance  is  made  by  the  patient  or  operator. 
Depressions,  Pacchionian.  The  depressions  on  the 
internal  surface  of  the  parietal  bone  that  lodge  the 
Pacchionian  bodies. 

Depressor  [de-pres* -or)  [depri?nere,  to  depress].  A 
name  given  to  a  muscle  or  an  instrument  that  de- 
presses. See  Museles,  Table  of.  D.  Fibers.  See 
Pressor.  D.  of  Sims,  an  instrument  lor  holding  back 
the  vaginal  wall  during  exploration  with  the  speculum. 
D.,  Tongue,  an  instrument  for  depressing  the  tongue 
in  order  to  examine  the  throat. 

Deprimens  [dep*-rim-enz)  [I.. ].  I.  Depressing ; press- 
ing down.  2.  A  depressing  muscle.  D.  auriculae, 
the  retrahens  amis  muscle.  D.  oculi,  the  rectus  in- 
ferior of  the  eye.     See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Deprived  Classes.  Those  persons  collectively  who 
have  lost  or  are  without  their  reason  or  any  one  of 
the  special  senses. 

Depurant  [dep* -u-rant\  [depurare,  to  purify].  I. 
Purifying;  cleansing.  2.  A  medicine  that  purifies 
the  animal  economy. 

Depurative  [dep* -u-ra-tiv) ,  or  Depuratory  [dep*-u-ra- 
tor-e)  \_di purare,  to  purify].  Purifying  or  cleansing. 
D.  Liver,  same  as  Amyloid  Liver. 

Depurator  [dep* -u-ra-tor)  [depurare,  to  purify].  A 
medicine  or  a  device  for  promoting  a  depuratory  pro- 
cess. 

DeR.  A  contraction  and  symbol  of  the  term  Reaction 
of  Degeneration,  </.  v. 

Deradelphus     [der-ad-el* -fus)     [df/07,    neck;    arfeJ 
brother].      A    monocephalic    dual    monstrosity,    with 
fusion   of  the  bodies  above  the   umbilicus,    and   with 
four  lower  extremities,  and  three  or   four  upper. 

Deradenitis  [der-ad-en-i* -tis)  [diptj,  neck;  Adfyv,  a 
gland  ;  /nr,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the 
glands  of  the  neck. 

Deradenoncus  [der-ad-en-ong* -kus)  \f>P'i,  neck  ;  arf^v, 
gland;  mass].       A    swelling  of  a    gland   of  the 

neck  ;    a  swollen  gland  of  the  neck. 

Deranencephalia  [der-an-en-sef-a* -le-ak)  [iipq,  neck  ; 
av  priv.;  I  •!,:  i>u'/i,i  .  brain].  Teratism  marked  by 
absence  of  the  head  and  brain,  the  neck  being  present. 

Derangement  [de  r&nj*  ment).     See  Insanity. 

Derbyshire  Neck  [der* '-be-shir  nek).      See  Goiter. 

Derencephalia   [der-en-sef-a* -le-ah)   [Skpq,  neck  ; 
•  in/  in].      The   condition  of  being  derencepha- 

lous ;   teratii    absence  ol  cranium,  the  vestiges  of  the 
brain  being  enclosed  in  the  cervical  vertebrae. 

Derencephalocele    [der-en  I)    [Sipjf,    neck; 

/,  ml  hi'/ i».  b  rain  ;    Kijkri,  rumor].      A   protrusion  of  the 


DEREXCKPHAI.OUS 


36!{ 


DERMATITIS 


brain   through  a  split   in   one   or   mure  of  the  cervical 
vertebrae. 

Derencephalous  (der-en-sef '-al-us)  [tiipy,  neck  ;   i 
<f>aAoc,   brain].     Affected   with   derencephalia ;   of  the 
nature  of  derencephalus. 

Derencephalus   {der-en-sef -al-us)   \6kprf,  neck; 
,,ii'/nr,  brain].     A  variety  of  single  autositic  monsters 
of  the  species  anencephalus,  in  which  the  bones  of  the 
cranial  vault  are  rudimentary,  the  posterior  portion  of 
the   occiput  absent,  and  the    upper  cervical    veil, 
bifid,  the  brain  resting  in  them. 

DeRheim's  Plaster.  A  celebrated  plaster  for  chilblains, 
made  as  follows:  Capsicum  pods  3jj,  strong  alcohol, 
~  ij ;  macerate  several  days,  then  add  mucilage  of 
acacia  5  ij.  Stir  well  and  brush  over  sheets  of  silk 
or  tissue  paper,  and  apply  like  court-plaster  to  the 
unbroken  chilblain. 

Derivant  [der^-iv-ant)  \derivare,  to  derive].  1.  Deriv- 
ative; revulsive.  2.  A  derivative  medicine  or  appli- 
cation. 

Derivate  {<{••>■' -iv-at)  \derivare,  to  derive].  In  chemistry, 
a  substance  that  is  derived  from  another. 

Derivation  (der-iv-a'-sfturi)  \derivare,  to  derive].  1. 
Derivative  action  ;  the  drawing  away  of  a  morbid 
process  from  one  part  to  another  ;  revulsive  treatment. 
2.  The  supposed  suctional  power  of  the  heart,  or  the 
effect  of  that  power  upon  the  circulation.  D.  Wire, 
in  an  electric  battery  a  wire  connecting  two  points  in 
a  closed  circuit. 

Derivative  (de-riv* -at-iv)  [derivare,  to  turn  aside  a 
Strjam],  Diverting  or  drawing  a  morbid  process  from 
its  .-eat ;   revulsive. 

Derm.     See  Derma. 

Derma  [der'-mah)  \Sepua,  the  skin].  The  skin.  The 
true  skin.      See  Cutis. 

Dermad  [der'-mad)  \6tpp.a,  the  skin;  ad,  to].  Ex- 
ternally;   toward  the  skin  ;   ectad. 

Dermagra  [der-ma/ -graft).     See  Dermatagra. 

Dermal  {der'-mal)  [dip pa,  the  skin].  Pertaining  to  the 
skin. 

Dermalaxia  [der-mal-aksf-e-ah)  \6eppa,  skin  ;  pa),a^ia, 
softness].      Morbid  softening  of  the  skin. 

Dermalgia  {der-maP '-je-ah).     See  Dermatalgia. 

Dermanoplasty  {der-man' -o-plas-te)  \fkpua,  skin ; 
ura-r'/.darrnv,  to  form  anew].  Skin-transplantation  ; 
skin-grafting;  a  method  of  plastic  surgery,  in  which 
a  piece  of  the  whole  thickness  of  the  skin  is  entirely 
removed  from  one  part  and  transferred  to  another 
distant  part  to  fill  up  a  gap. 

Dermanyssus  (der-man-iP-us)  [dtppa,  skin ;  vraaetv, 
to  prick].  A  genus  of  itch-mites.  D.  avium  is  a 
species  found  on  birds  and  sometimes  on  the  human 
subject. 

Dermapostasis  {der-map-os' -tas-is)  \fifpiia,  skin  ;  citcog- 
raaiq,  a  falling  away].  Any  skin-disease  dependent 
upon  some  constitutional  disorder,  and  marked  by 
metastatic  dermal  deposits. 

Dermatagra  [der-mat-a' -graft)  [dippa,  skin;  a}  pa, 
seizure].      See  Pellagra. 

Dermatalgia  [der-mat-al' '-je-aft)  \_6kpaa,  skin;  akyoq, 
pain].  Neuralgia  of  the  skin.  Rheumatism  of  the 
skin.     Pain  in  the  skin  not  due  to  anv  structural  change 

J  O 

in  it. 

Dermatauxe  (der-mat-awks/-e)  \6kppn,  skin  ;  av;rj, 
augmentation].  Thickening  or  hypertrophy  of  the 
skin. 

Dermatic  (der-mat' -ik)  [Aep  part  hoc,  pertaining  to  the 
skin].  I.  Relating  to  the  skin.  2.  A  remedy  for 
diseases  of  the  skin. 

Dermatitis  [der-mat-i' '-tis)  \8kppa,  skin;  trie,  inflam- 
mation]. A  generic  term  used  to  designate  an  ill-de- 
fined and   extensive  group  of  symptomatic   inflamma- 


tions of  the  skin,  characterized  clinically  by  redness, 
heat,  swelling,  and  pain,  and  terminating  in  resolution, 
suppuration,  gangrene,  or  dhronic  dermatitis.  D.  am- 
bustionis,  the-  form  due  to  burn-  and  scalds.  D.  bul- 
losa. See  Epidermolysis.  D.  calorica.  Synonym 
'hilblain.  D.  congelationis.  Same  as  Frost- 
bite D.  contusiformis.  See  Erythema  nodosum. 
D.  exfoliativa,  an  acute  or  chronic,  general  or  partial, 
inflammation  of  the  -kin,  in  whii  h  the  epidermis  i- 
shed  more  or  less  freely  in  large  or  -mall  -dies.  See 
Pityriasis  rubra.  D.  exfoliativa  infantum  vel  neo- 
natorum, Ritter's  Disease;  a  severe  form  of  exfolia- 
tive inflammation  of  the  skin,  usually  unattended  by 
fever,  which  begins  between  the  second  and  fifth 
weeks  of  life.  About  50  per  cent,  of  those  attacked 
succumb  to  marasmus.  D.  gangraenosa  ;  Spha 
derma:  gangrenous  inflammation  of  tin-  skin.  It 
has  been  observed  in  cases  of  cerebral  and  spinal  dis- 
orders, diabetes,  etc.  It  may  also  be  primarv  in  th 
whose  constitutions  are  depraved.  The  lesion 
lir.-t  reddish  or  purplish  erythematous  spots,  usually 
on  the  trunk  tremities  ;   these  vesicate,  rapidly 

become  gangrenou-,  and  slough  ;  they  are  attended 
by  fever  and  constitutional  disturbance.  Spontaneous 
recovery  generally  ensues  with  scar-formation.  D. 
gangraenosa  infantum;  Varicella  gangranosa, pem- 
phigus gangramosus  :  rupia  escharotica  ;  a  gangrenous 
eruption  following  varicella  and  other  pustular  erup- 
tions of  children.  It  is  a  rare  condition.  If  it  occur 
while  the  varicellar  lesions  are  still  present,  it  begins 
on  the  head  or  upper  part  of  the  body,  and,  in-te.i 
the  scab  being  thrown  oft",  ulceration  occurs  beneath  it, 
and  often  a  pustular  border  with  a  red  areola  is  formed, 
the  whole  resembling  a  vaccination-pustule.  On  sep- 
arating, a  sharp-edged,  roundish  or  oval,  conical  ulcer 
remains,  deep  or  shallow.  Death  may  result  if  the 
lesions  are  numerous,  and  constitutional  disturbance  i> 
always  great.  D.  herpetiformis,  an  inflammatory 
skin-disease  of  an  herpetic  character,  the  various  le- 
sions showing  a  tendency  to  group.  It  is  a  protean 
disease,  appearing  as  erythema,  vesicles,  blebs,  and 
pustules.  Itching  and  burning  are  the  most  marked 
symptoms.  See  Hydroa  fterpetiforme.  D.,  Malig- 
nant, Papillary  dermatitis,  Paget' s  disease  of  the  nip- 
ple. Carcinoma  of  the  nipple.  D.  medicamentosa, 
Drug-eruptions;  inflammatory  eruptions  upon  the  skin 
due  to  the  action  of  certain  drugs  taken  internally. 
The  most  prominent  are  the  following:  Antifebrin 
produces  a  kind  of  cyanosis;  antipyrin,  an  erythema 
that  may  be  general  or  partial,  but  symmetric,  af- 
fecting the  extensor  aspects  in  preference  to  the  flexor, 
and  the  limbs  more  than  the  trunk  ;  papules,  vesicles, 
and  bullae  have  been  noted;  arsenic  produces  an  urti- 
carial, erysipelatoid  dermatitis  of  the  face  and  eyelids, 
a  papular  rash  on  the  face,  neck,  and  hands,  herpes 
zoster,  and  in  large  doses  pustular,  ulcerative,  or  gan- 
grenous eruptions ;  belladonna,  a  diffuse  erythema- 
tous blush  and  a  scarlatiniform  eruption  ;  boric  acid. 
an  erythema;  borax,  psoriasis,  eczema,  and  erythema; 
bromin  and  bromids,  pustular,  erythematous,  urticarial, 
bullous,  and  squamous  eruptions;  cannabis  indie, 
vesicular  eruption  ;  chlorate  of  potash,  a  tiery,  erythema- 
ton-  and  papular  eruption,  and  cyanosis  ;  chloroform, 
purpuric  -pots;  chloral  hydrate,  erythema,  scarlatini- 
form, bullous,  erysipelatous  eruptions;  ckloralamid, 
scarlatiniform;  cftrysarobin,  erythema,  vesicles ;  1 
liver-oil,  vesicular  eruption,  acne;  copaiba,  erythema- 
tous, urticarial,  papular  eruption;  .  papular  ery- 
thema ;  digitalis,  scarlatiniform.  papular  erythema; 
iodin  and  iodids.  pustular,  vesicular  or  bullous,  purpuric, 
erythematous,  urticarial;  iodoform,  punctiform,  papular 
and  erythematous  ;  mercury,  erythematous,  exfoliative 


DERMATi  >i:i.\ 


.'.til 


DEUMOGKAIMIIA 


dermatitis;  .  erythematous;  ■•'■"  acid, 

bulK>u>,  purpura;  tfuinin,  eczema,  erythematous,  ur- 
urial,  purpurii  rlar,  bullous;   resin,  urticaria; 

imorrhagic   and   pustular  bul 

■ 
pustuli  •  rythema; 

.  pruritus,  miliaria  »•'/, 

'.In -ma,  purpui  erj  thema, 

and  bul  ipular  erythema  ; 

atinifom  ,   erythema,  pap- 

ules, D.    papillaris    capillitii.      Same  as 

D.  papillomatosa  cap- 
illitii  "''■"  ;  a  rare 

ting  tin  I   the 

in.      I  be  lesions 
i,  which  occasionally  sup- 
pui  usually   traversed  by  a   hair.      Ulti- 

mately these  unite  to  form  extensive,  irregular,  hard, 
wh  Idish  k.  ing  growthsfrom  which  a 

i  atrophied,   firmly  adherent 
bail  irs  usually  in  males  of  middle 

D.  repens.  a  spreading  dermatitis,  usually  fol- 
ily  neuritic,  commencing 
:ly  in  the  upper  extremities.     D.,  Seb- 
orrheic ma;    a  form  of  inflammation 
the   skin               ted   with  seborrhea  of  the  scalp, 
due  to  the  direct  transference  of  the  same  pathogenic 
organism  from  the    head   to   the   region  affected.      D. 
traumatica,  those  inflammatory  changes  in  the  skin 
■m    traumatism.      D.    venenata,    a    term 
.1   forms  of  inflammation  of  the  skin  pro- 
du>                       mal    irritating  agencies,    whether  from 
the  animal,  vegetable,  or  mineral   kingdom.     This  in- 
clude- the  dermatitis  produced  by  rhus-poi-oning. 
Dermatobia   [der-mat-o* '-be-ah)  \8kppa,  skin  ;   f3imn>,  to 
live].      A    bot-fly   of  Central    America,    the  eggs    of 
which  are  not   infrequently  deposited   in  the  skin  and 

luce   a  swelling  very  like  an  ordinary  boil. 
Ma  "i  and  Parasites  {Animal),  Table  of. 

Dermatogen  [der-mat/-o-j'en)  [dippa,  skin  ;   yivr/g,  pro- 
ducing].     In   biology,  the    layer  of  cells,  in  a   young 
or   growing    part,    that   is   destined    to    become   epi- 
mis. 
Dermatography  \6kppa,     skin  ; 

.  to  write],      A  description  of  the  skin. 
Dermatoid   [der'-mat-oid)   [Seppa,  skin;  tlrfoc,  resem- 

mbling  skin. 
Dermatokeras  -kcr'-as)  [dippa,  skin  ;   Kepag, 

See  Cornu  cuianeum. 
Dermato  mat-ol)    [dippa,   skin],    C6H2(OH) 

OH  i ..     The  i   bismuth,  which  ap 

a  valuable  antiseptic  agent.      It  is  especi- 
all .  in    cutaneous    affections    or    lesions 

■  tion.       1  lose  internally  in 
ii   and    intestines,   two   drains 
living  antiseptic   for  dust- 
ing 
Dermatologist  .  ,kin  ;  /• 

depl    in  the  treatment  of 

Dermatolog.  [dippa,   skin  ;    / 

in,  its  nature,  struc- 
tui  treatmi  at. 

Dermatolys:  skin  ;   >,> 

• 
ids  of  hypertrophied 
ne<    .  fai  •  .  bul 
n   deeply 
1,  indui  warty.    I  lyper 

Dermatoma 


tumor:   //. ,  Dermatomata\.      Any  tumor  of  the  skin, 
Or  one  made  up  of  dermal  elements. 

Dermatomalacia  {der-tnat-o-mal-a' f-se-ah)  [dippa, 
skin  ;  iHi'/.aKia,  softness].  Morbid  softening  of  the 
skin. 

Dermatomelasma  [der-mat-o-mel-az'-mah)  [dippa, 
skin  ;  tiiXaopa,  a  black  color],      Addison's  disease. 

Dermatomycosis   (der-mat-o-mi-it/sis)   [dippa,  skin  ; 
r.  fungus].      Any  skin-disease  caused  by  a  para- 
sitic plant-growth. 

Dermatomyoma  {der-mat-o-mi-of -man)  [dippa,  skin  ; 
in,,  muscle;  bpa,  a  tumor:  pi.,  Dermatomyomata\ 
Myoma  seated  upon  or  involving  the  skin. 

Dermatoneurosis    [der-mat-o-nu-ro'  -sis)  [dippa,  skin  ; 
a  nerve].      Any  neurosis  of  the  skin. 

Dermatonosus  (der-mat-on/-o-sus)  [dippa,  skin  ;  foao^, 
disease].      Any  skin-disease. 

Dermato-pathology  {der-niat-o-path-ol'-o-je)  [dippa , 
skin;  irddog,  disease;  A6yog,  science].  The  pathol- 
ogy of  the  skin. 

Dermatopathy  [der-mat-op' '-ath-e)  [dippa,  skin  ;  Kafiot , 
disease].      Any  skin-disease. 

Dermatophony  {der-mat-off* -o-ne)  [dippa,  skin  ;  fpavi}, 
sound].  The  auscultation  of  the  skin  ;  a  process  by 
which,  it  is  alleged,  the  sound  made  by  the  blood 
in  the  vessels  of  the  skin  can  be  heard. 

Dermatophyte  (der'-mat-o-fit)  [dippa,  skin;  tyvrdv,  a 
plant].  Any  species  of  fungous  vegetation  that  grows 
upon  the  skin. 

Dermatoplasty  {derf -mat-o-plas-te)  [dippa,  skin ; 
-'/(iaoeiv,  to  form].      Plastic  surgery  of  the  skin. 

Dermatorrhea  [der-mat-or-ef  -ah)  [i)ii>pa,  skin ;  pola, 
a  flowing].     An  increased  secretion  from  the  skin. 

Dermatosclerosis  [der-mat-o-skle-rof -sis).  See  Sclero- 
derma. 

Dermatosis  [der-mat-o' '-sis)  [dippa,  skin ;  voaoq,  dis- 
ease: //.  Dermatoses],  Any  disorder  or  disease  of  the 
skin.  D.  Kaposi.  Synonym  of  Xeroderma  pig- 
mentosum. 

Dermatosome  [der*  -mat-o-soni)  [dippa,  skin ;  of.y/a, 
body].  A  thickening  or  knot  in  the  equatorial  region 
of  each  spindle  fiber  in  the  process  of  cell-division. 

Dermatospasmus  {der-mat-o-spazf-mus)  [dippa,  skin  ; 
OTraoitoc,,  spasm].      Cutis  anserina,  or  goose-skin. 

Dermatosyphilis  {der-mat-o-siff-il-is)  [dippa,  skin; 
Sypkiltis,  a  Latin  proper  name].  The  cutaneous 
manifestations  of  syphilis.      See  Syphiloderma, 

Dermatotomy  [der-mat-of '-o-me)  [dippa, skin ;  ripveiv, 
to  cut].       The  anatomy  or  dissection  of  the  skin. 

Dermatozobn  [der-mat-o-zof -on)  [dippa,  skin  ;  (.Ctov,  an 
animal:  pl.Dermatozoa~\.  Any  animal  parasitic  upon 
the  skin. 

Dermen  (der'-men)  [dippa,  the  skin].  Belonging  to 
the  derma  itself. 

Dermenchysis  [der-men' '-kis-is)  [dippa,  skin;  iyxvaiq, 
a  pouring  in].      Hypodermatic  injection. 

Dermepenthesis     [der-mep-en' '-thes-is)     [dippa,    skin ; 
aic,  insertion].     Synonym  of  skin-grafting. 

Dermexanthesis  (der-meks-an-the'-sis)  [dippa,  skin; 
kt-avdr/oie,  eruption :  />/.  Dermexantheses\.  Any  skin- 
disease  marked  by  a  rash-like  eruption. 

Dermic  [der'-mik)  [dippa,  the  skin].  Relating  to  the 
skin. 

Dermocyma  [der-mo-si'-mah)  [dippa,  skin;  ki'//«,  the 
fetus].      A    form  oi  double   n  it)    in   which   the 

parasite  is  contained  within  the  si  in  of  the  host. 

Dermogastric  {der-mo-gas'-trik)  [dippa,  skin;   yaorf)p, 
mach],      In  biology,  applied  to  structures  having  a 
ion  with  the  skin  and  the  stomach,  as  dermo- 
gastric poi ' 

Dermographia  {der  mo  :■  af  e  ak)  [dippa,  skin  ; 
ipecv,  to    write].       The    condition   observed  in   the  so- 


I)Krm<)(;raimiic 


365 


DESPI  MAI  n  »N 


called  autographic  skin ;  autographism.     See  Urticaria 
;',i,  titia. 

Dermographic [der-mo-graf -ik)  \6kppa,  skin;  ypn. 
to  write].      Affected  with  dermographia.     D.  pseudo- 
urticaria.      Same  as  Dermographia. 

Dermographism  [der-mo-graf -izm)  \6kppa,  skin; 
ypdtynv,  to  write].  Autographism.  See  Autographic 
Skui  and  I  Vticaria  factitia. 

Dennography  [der-mog' -ra-fe)   \6eppa,  skin;   ypouji 
to  write].    Dermographia;  dermal  autographism. 

Dermohemal  [der-mo-Ae'-mal)  \6kpfia,  skin;  alfia, 
blood].  In  biology,  applied  to  parts  of  the  ventral  or 
hemal  fins  of  certain  fishes. 

Dermoid  [der'-moid).  See  Dermatoid.  D.  Cyst,  a  tera- 
toma. 

Dermology  [der-mol'-o-je).     See  Dermato, 

Dermoneural  [der-mo-nu' -ral)  [dippa,  skin ;  vevpov, 
nerve].  In  biology,  applied  to  parts  of  the  dorsal  or 
neural  tins  of  certain  fishes. 

Dermoneurosis  [der-mo-nu-ro'-sis).  See  Dermatoneu- 
rosis. 

Dermoplasty  [der'-mo-plas-te)  \6eppa,  skin  ;  Trkdaasiv, 
to  form].      Restoration  of  skin  ;   skin-grafting. 

Dermorhynchous  [der-mo-ring'-kus)  [dipfia,  skin ; 
p'vyxog,  snout].  In  biology,  having  a  bill  or  beak 
covered  with  skin,  as  the  duck. 

Dermorrhagia  [der-mor-a'-je-ah)  [dep/u«,  skin;  pijyvvvai, 
to  break  forth].  Hemorrhage  from  the  skin;  bloody 
sweat;   hematidro-i^. 

Dermosclerite  [der-mo-skle'-rit)  [dkppa,  skin  ;  an'/ ///»«, 
hard].  In  biology,  one  of  the  spicular  masses  found 
in  certain  actinozoans. 

Dermoskeleton  [der-mo-skel' -et-un)  [dkppa,  skin; 
oke&£t6v,  a  skeleton].  The  exoskeleton  of  inverte- 
brates; the  skin  and  its  appendages. 

Dermo-syphilopathy  (Jer-mo-sif-il-ep'-a-the)  [depfia, 
skin;  syphilis;  nadoq,  affection].  A  syphilitic  skin- 
disease. 

Dermotomy  [der-mof '-o-me).     See  Dermatotomv . 

Derodidymus ■  [der-o-did'-im-us)  [dtp/?,  neck;  didvpoc, 
double].  A  sysomic  monstrosity  with  a  single  body, 
two  necks  and  heads,  two  upper  and  lower  extremities, 
with  other  rudimentary  limbs  occasionally  present. 

Derospasmus  (der-o-spaz'-mus)  [_Sep?j,  neck  ;  anaapoq, 
spasm].      Spasm  or  cramp  in  the  neck. 

Dertrotheca  (Jer-tro-the'-kali)  \_6iprpov,  a  vulture's 
beak  ;  dipaj,  a  sheath].  In  biology,  the  skin  of  the 
dertrum  or  tip  of  the  upper  mandible  in  certain  birds. 

Dertrum  [der'-trum)  \fiprpov,  a  beak].  See  Dertro- 
theca. 

De  Salle,  Line  of.     See  Lines,  Table  of. 

Desanimania  [des-an-im-a1 '-ne-ah)  [des  (dis)  priv.; 
animus,  mind;  pavia,  mania].  Mindless  insanity; 
amentia. 

Desault's  Apparatus  or  Bandage.  See  Bandage. 
D.  Operations.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Desbassins'  Test.  Same  as  Richmonfs  Test.  See 
Tests,   Table  of.      D.  Splint.     See  Splint. 

Descemet's  Membrane.  The  internal  or  posterior 
lining  membrane  of  the  cornea.  Also  called  the  Mem- 
brane of  Demours. 

Descemetitis  [des-em-et-i'-tis)  [Descemet;  ine,  inflam- 
mation].     Inflammation  of  Descemet's  membrane. 

Descemetocele  [des-em-ef -o-sel)  [Descemet ;  dfkri, 
hernia].      Hernia  of  Descemet's  membrane. 

Descendens  [de-sen' -denz)  [descendere,  to  go  down]. 
Downward.  D.  noni,  a  branch  of  the  hypoglossal 
nerve.      See  Nerves,   Table 

Descent  [de-sent')  [descensus,  a  going  down].  The 
act  of  going  down  ;  downward  motion.  D.  Stage 
of  Labor,  one  of  the  stages  in  labor,  consisting  in 
the  entrance  of  the  fetal  head  into  the  pelvis.      D.  of 


Testicle.     See   Testicle.     D.  of   Womb.      See  Pro- 
lapsus. 

Deschamps'  Angle.     See  An 

Deshler's  Salve.  The  compound  resin  cerate  of  the 
pharmacopeia. 

Desiccant  [d  .'  ik-ant)  \desiccat  ,  to  dry  up].  I.  Caus- 
ing desiccation  ;  drying.  2.  A  medicine  or 
applicatii  in. 

Desiccation  [des-ik-a'  -shuri)\desiccare,  to  dry  up].  The 
process  of  removing  moisture  from  solids  and  organic 
tissues.  » 

Desiccative  [des' -ik-a-tiv)  \desiccare,  to  dry  up].  I. 
Drying;  desiccant.  2.  A  medicine  or  application 
having  the  property  of  drying  moist  tissues,  ulcers  and 
running  sores. 

Desma  [dez'-mak)  [SIg/m,  a  band].  In  biology,  a 
term  applied  to  irregular  sponge-spicules. 

Desmachyme   [des' -mah-klm)   [dies pa,  a.  band;    i 
juice].      In  biology,  the  connective  tissue  of  sponge. 

Desmacyte    [des'-mah-sit)    [Ska pa,    a    band;   kvto 
cell].      In  biology,  one  of  the  connective-tissue  cells 
of  a  sponge. 

Desmarres'  Operations.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Desmitis  [des-mi'-tis)  [Seapog,  ligament].  Inflamma- 
tion of  a  ligament. 

Desmobacterium  [des-mo-bak-te'-re-um)  [decide,  band; 
fia.KT7]piov,  a  small  staff :  //.  Desmobacteria].  A  group 
of  microbes,  so-called  by  Colin,  corresponding  to  the 
genus  Bacillus  of  Klein. 

Desmodactylous  [des- mo-dak' -til-us)  [Seapoc,  a  band  ; 
da/crivlof,  a  finger  or  toe].  In  biology,  having  the 
flexor  tendons  of  the  toes  united. 

Desmodynia  (des-mo-din'-e-ah)  [Seapuc,  a  band  ;   6i 
pain].      Pain  in  a  ligament. 

Desmognathism  [des-mog1 '-na-thizm)  [SeapAe,  a  band; 
yvadoq,  jaw].  Union  of  the  rnaxillo-palatine  bones 
across  the  middle  line ;  normal  in  certain  birds,  as 
hawks,  ducks,  etc. 

Desmognathous  [des-mog* -na-thus)  \Seap6c,  a  band; 
;  vaSog,  a  jaw].  In  biology,  applied  to  birds  of  the 
"  bound  palate  "  type,  in  which  the  vomer  is  small  or 
absent,  the  maxillo-palatines  united,  and  the  palatines 
and  pterygoids  articulate  directly  with  the  sphenoid. 

Desmography  (des-mog' -ra-fe)  \_Seap6q,  a  ligament! 
ypivxiv,  to  write].      The  description  of  the  ligaments. 

Desmoid  [des' -moid)  [Skaun,  a  bundle  ;  eldoc,  likeness]. 
Like  a  small  bundle.  D.  Carcinoma.  Synonym  of 
Hodgkin's  Disease. 

Desmoma  [des-mo'-mah)  [deo/idc,  a  band:  pi. , 
Desmomata],      A  connective-tissue  tumor. 

Desmoneoplasma  [des-mo-ne-o-plaz'-mah)  \Seop6g, 
band;  vkoc,  new  ;  irA&ff/ia,  plasma :  pi. ,  Desmoneoplas- 
mata].      Any  neoplasm  made  up  of  connective  tissue. 

Desmopathy  [des-mop/ -a-tke)  [Srapog,  a  band  ;  -ddog, 
disease].      Any  disease  of  a  ligament. 

Desmopelmous  [des-mo-pel'-mus)  [Seapa,  a  band; 
irkkpa,  the  sole  of  the  foot].  In  biology  applied  to 
such  birds  as  have  the  plantar  tendons  bound  together. 

Desmosis  [des-mo'-sis)  [deoy/dc,  a  band  :  pi.,  Des -/noses']. 
Any  disease  of  connective  tissue,  especially  of  the  con- 
nective tissue  of  the  skin. 

Desmotomy  [des-mo  \Seop6c,  band;   ropi, . 

tion].      The  dissection  and  anatomy  of  the  ligaments; 
surgical  cutting  of  a  ligament. 

Desmotrophy  [des-mot' -ro-fe)  [Seapog,  a  band  ;   rpi 
to  turn].      Tautomerism. 

Desoxalic  Acid  [des-oks-al' -ik) .     See  Acid. 

Desprez'  Operation.     See  Operations,   Table  of. 

Despumation  [des-pu-ma' -shun)  [despumare,  to  skim 
froth].  The  purification  of  a  liquid  by  removal  of  the 
scum  or  froth:  also  the  formation  of  froth  ;  purifica- 
tion ;   clarification  in  general. 


M  SOI  AMAH'  >.\ 


366 


DEW 


Desquamation  .    to 

rie  off].     Th(        •       ion  01  falling  ofl  ofthe  cuti 
ins  1 1  i.-.  bran  like  after  measles ;   in  layers  after 

Desquamative 

I  bara  lamation. 

Destructive  ing]. 

Hurtful;   tendinj  D.  Distillation. 

Desudation 

i  morbidly  profuse 

lina. 
Desudatory  .  a  sweating]. 

ath. 
Detergent  .   to    cleanse].      I. 

l'u:  ;  abluent.    -     A  drug,  compound, 

wounds,  ulcers, 
Determinant   or  Determining  Part  min-ant) 

limit].     Weismann's  name  for  om 
the  irresponding  to  a  group  ol 

i  primary  constituent  of   a  cell  or  group  of 

Determinate  [determinare,  to   limit], 

i  .in  inrloi  in  which  the 

takes    place    centrifugally,    the    1  >1.  .--< mi- 
tt ■  r  u  1 1 1 1  a  1  ami   1 1 « ■  t  from  axillary  buds.     2. 
Weismann's  name  I  cells  or  group 

pendently  variable  from  the  germ 
called   hereditary  parts. 
Determination  in-a'-skun)    \determinatio,    a 

directing].      The  direction    or  tendency  to  or  toward 
'  blood  to  the  head. 
Determinism  '-min-izm)  \determinare,  to  limit, 

logy,  a  term  introduced  by  Claude 
mard  to  indicate  the  fatality  of  the  reproduction  of 
plv  under  similar  conditions,  as  seen  in   Ex- 

ice. 
Detersion      U-ter4 '-shun)  [delergere,  to  cleanse].     The 

/■in  ;  a  cleansing. 
Detersive  Same  as  Detergent. 

Detmold's  Method.     See  Treatment,  Methods  of . 
Detrition  '  un)    \deterere,  to   wear  off].     The 

ring  or  wasting  of  an  organ  or  part,  especi- 
ally the  teeth. 
Detritus  [deterere,    to   wear    off].       The 

matter  resulting    from   any  wearing    away,    or 
process. 
Detumescence  (de-tu-mes/-ens)  [detumeseentia,  a  sub- 
of  a  tumor].     The  subsidence  of  any  swelling. 
Deutencephalon  |  diU-en-sef -al-on).     See  Diencepha- 

Deuteri.i  [devripia].     The  secundines. 

Deutero-albumose    (du-ter-o-al' '-bu-mos).      See  Albu- 

Deutero-elastose  (du-ter-o-e-las'-tds)[  .  second; 

peptone  ;  one  of  the  pro- 
aofelastin.  It  is  not  precipitable 
dium  chlorid. 

Deuteropathy     {du-t  |  ..„■,     second  ; 

secondar 

Deuteropin  ,,,,,]  .    ;,-,,,r, 

■  I  opium. 
Deuteroplasm.    ...    Deutoplasm    {du  ,  or 

1  :      rrMfffia,     formed 

urring  in  the 
Deuteroscop  ,,„]  . 

Deuterostoma  ,,,,1  . 

th].     In  idary  blast 


Deuterozooid  (du-ter-o-zo'-oid)  [^  ,  second ;  f i 

an  animal  ;  eidoe,  likeness].      In   biology,  a  secondary 
/oi'iid.  developed  by  budding. 

Deuthyalosome    [du-thi-al' '-o-som)    [i  .  second  ; 

.   glass,  crystal ;     ni.nui.    body].       The   remains  of 
the  germinal  vesicle  after  the    polar   bodies   have    I 

extruded,   formed    by   the   union   ..)    | ions  of  the 

chromatic  stars  or  discs  with  portions  of  tin-  prothyal- 
osome. 

Deutoleucite  [du-to-lu,-sit\  [6ei)Tepog,  second;  >•  . 
the  yolk  of  an  egg].      In  biology,  a  term  applied  by 
Salenskj    l.   the  nutritive  vitellus  of  the  eggs  of  stur- 
geons  ;    it    is    homologous   to   the    secondary    vitellus 
(Nebendotter)  of  osseous  fishes.     Cf.  Prot 

Deutomala  [du-to-ma' '-lah)  [devrepoc,  second;  mala, 
jaw].  In  biology,  a  term  applied  by  A.  S.  Packard, 
Jr.,  to  tlie  second  pair  of  mouth-appendages  of  the 
Myriopoda,  formerly  called  labium,  but  really  homol- 
ogous with  the  first  maxillae  of  insects. 

Deutomerite  (du-tom/-er-it)  [Sevrepog,  second  ;  f£pog, 
a  part].  In  biology,  the  posterior  segment  of  a  two- 
celled  organism,  as  a  gregarine,  the  anterior  cell 
being  called  the prototnerite,  q.  v. 

Deutoscolex  (du-to-sko' -leks)  [Sebrepoc,  second ; 
Gnu//,;,  worm].  In  biology,  applied  to  secondary  or 
daughter-cysts  or  bladder  worm-  that  are  derived  Irom 
a  scolex  or  primary  bladder-worm. 

Deutospermoblast     {du-to-sper* '-mo-blast)     [<V  , - 
second;    ottep/m,  sperm;    fiXaoTbg,  germ].     Anyone 
of  the   cells  produced  by  the  division  of  a  protosper- 
iii'  'blast. 

Deutoxid  (du-toks* '-id)  [dcirepoc,  second  ;  bl-vg,  sharp]. 
See  Diuxid. 

Devalgate  (de-val' '-gat)  \_de,  intensive  ;  valgus,  bowleg]. 
Bowlegged  or  bandylegged. 

Development  [de-vel' -op-ment)  [Fr. ,  developper,  to 
unfold].  The  sequence  of  organic  changes,  by  which 
the  vitalized  ovum  becomes  the  mature  animal  or  plant. 

Deventer's  Diameter.  The  oblique  diameter  of  the 
pelvis.      D.'s  Method.    See  Treatment,  Methods  of. 

Devergie's  Disease.     See  Diseases,   '1  able  of. 

Deviation  (de-ve-a1 '-shun)  \deviare,  to  deviate].  Turn- 
ing from  a  regular  course,  standard,  or  position.  D., 
Conjugate,  the  forced  and  persistent  turning  of  eyes 
and  head  toward  one  side,  observed  with  si  rnie  lesions  of 
the  cerebrum.  D.,  Primary,  the  deviation  ofthe  weaker 
eye  from  that  position  that  would  make  its  visual 
line  pass  through  the  object-point  of  the  healthy  eye. 
D.,  Secondary,  the  deviation  of  the  healthy  eye  from 
that  position  that  would  make  its  visual  line  pass 
through  the  object-point  of  the  weaker  eye.  D.  of 
Teeth,  a  faulty  direction  or  position  of  one  or  more 
teeth. 

Devitalization  [de-vi-tal-iz-a' -shun)  \de  priv.;  vita, 
life].  Depriving  of  life  or  vitality.  D.  of  Dental 
Pulp.     See  Dental  Pulp,  Devitalization  of . 

Devitalize  {de-vi' ' -tal-iz)  [de,  from  ;  vita,  life].  To  de- 
stroy  vitality,  as  that  of  living  tissue. 

Devonshire  Colic  (dev'-on-sher  kol'-ik).  See  Lead- 
<  olic. 

De  Vries'  Theory  of  "  Intracellular  Pangenesis." 
See  Heredity. 

Devys'  Operation.      See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Dew's   Method.     See  Artificial  Respiration. 

Dew  (du)  [AS.,  deSw,  dew].  The  water  deposited 
during  the  night  from  the  atmosphere  by  the  process 
condensation.  D. -claw,  tin-  aborted  hallux  of  a 
domestic  dog,  or  tin-  false  hoof  of  an  ungulate.  D.- 
point,  the  point  at  which  the  air  cannot  take  up  more 
vapor  at  tin-  existing  temperature,  or  loses  a  portion 
of  its  vapor  by  condensation  if  the  temperature  be 
but  slightly  reduced. 


DiA\  ECKER'S  I  >PERATION 


367 


DIABE1  ES 


DeWecker's   Operations.     See   Operations,   Table  of. 

Dewees'  Carminative.     Sec  Asafetida. 

Dewlap  {duf-lap)  [MI-'..,  dewlappe,  a  loose,  hanging 
piece].  The  pendulous  longitudinal  fold  of  skin 
under  the  throat  of  in< .-.t  bovine  animals  ami  of  some 
dogs;  the  wattle  of  a  turkey;  colloquially,  the 
similar  fold  seen  occasionally  under  the  chin  of  old 
persons. 

Dexicardia  {deks-e-kar'-de-ah).  See  Dexiocardia  and 
I),-  xtrocardia. 

Dexiocardia  {deks-e-o-karf -de-ah)  [dej-idg,  on  the  righl  ; 
Kapdia,  the  heart].  Transposition  of  the  heart  to  the 
right  side  of  the  thorax. 

Dexter  {deks'-ter)  [I-].      Right;   upon  the  right  side. 

Dextrad  [deks/-trad]  [dexter,  right ;  ad,  to].  Toward 
the  right  side.     See  Position  and  Direction,   Table  of. 

Dextral  [deks'-tral)  [dexter,  right].  Pertaining  to  the 
right  side  ;  right  handed.  See  Position  and  Direction, 
Table  of. 

Dextran  (deks'-trari)  [dexter,  right],  G,;II10O3.  A 
stringy,  gummy  substance  formed  in  milk  by  the  ac- 
tion of  cocci,  and  occurring  in  unripe  beet-root. 

Dextren  (ticks' -iren )  [dexter,  right].  Belonging  to  the 
dextral  side  in  itself. 

Dextrin  (deks'-trin)  [dexter,  right],  C6H10O5.  The 
soluble  or  gummy  matter  into  which  starch  is  con- 
verted by  diastase  or  by  certain  acids.  It  is  white, 
insipid,  odorless,  and  is  remarkable  for  the  extent 
to  which  it  turns  the  plane  of  polarization  to  the 
right  hand,  whence  its  name.  See  Carbohydrates, 
Table  of. 

Dextrins  (deks'-trinz)  [dexter,  right].  Gummy  amor- 
phous masses,  readily  soluble  in  water  and  precipitated 
by  alcohol.  Their  aqueous  solutions  are  dextro-rota- 
tory, hence  their  name.  They  do  not  reduce  Fehling's 
solution,  even  on  boiling,  and  are  incapable  of  direct 
fermentation  ;  in  the  presence  of  diastase,  however, 
they  can  be  fermented  by  yeast. 

Dextrocardia  (deks-tro-kar' ' -de-ah)  [dexter,  right  ; 
naptYia,  heart].  A  congenital  condition  in  which  the 
heart  is  situated  on  the  right  side  of  the  thorax  ;  either 
alone  or  as  a  part  of  a  general  transposition  of  the 
viscera.      See  Dexiocardia. 

Dextro-compound  (deks-tro-com' pound)  [dexter, 
right;  componere ,  to  set  together].  In  chemistry,  a 
compound  body  that  causes  a  ray  of  polarized  light  to 
rotate  to  the  right.  Dextrin,  malic  acid,  and  cinchonin 
are  dextro-compounds. 

Dextrogyrate  (deks-tro-ji'-rdi).  Same  as  Dextro-rota- 
tory. 

Dextrolichenin  (deks-tro-W '-ken-in)  [dexter,  right  ; 
XeiXr/v,  a  lichen].  A  form  of  lichenin  readily  dis- 
tinguished from  normal  lichenin  in  being  colored  blue 
by  iodin,  while  lichenin  is  not. 

Dextro-rotatory  ulcks-tro-ro'-tat-or-e)  [dexter,  right ; 
rotare,  to  whirl].  Causing  to  turn  toward  the  right 
hand,  as  a  dextro-rotatory  crystal. 

Dextrose  (deks'-tros)  [dexter,  right],  C6H,206.  Grape- 
sugar.  A  sugar  belonging  to  the  glucose-group,  that 
crystallizes  from  aqueous  solution  with  1 1 1  ,<  )  in  nodu- 
lar masses  of  six-sided  scales.  It  is  readily  soluble  in 
water  and  alcohol,  has  a  taste  lesssweet  than  ordinary 
cane-sugar,  and  directly  reduces  an  alkaline  copper- 
solution.  It  is  dextro-rotatory  to  polarized  light.  It 
is  found  in  most  sweet  fruits,  and  in  large  amount  in 
diabetic  urine.     See  Sugar  and  Glucose. 

Dextro-sinistral  (deks-tro-sin-is' '-tral)  [dexter,  right; 
sinister,  left].      Extending  from  right  to  left. 

Dextroversion  (deks-tro-ver'-zhioi)  [dexter,  right; 
vertere,  to  turn].  Version  to  the  right  side,  as  when 
the  fundus  of  the  uterus  is  tilted  dextrally  ;  dextral 
latero-version. 


Dezeanneau's  Operation.      See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Dhobie's  Itch.      An  Indian  name  for  Ringworm  of  the 
body. 

Diabetes  [di-ab-e'-tiz)[6u  did,  through;  .in 

to  go].  The  habitual  excessive  discharge  of  urine  ; 
used  alone  the  term  often  designates  D.  mellitus. 
D.,  Artificial,  that  form  produced  in  the  physiol 
laboratory  by  puncturing  the  floor  of  the  fourth 
ventricle  of  the  brain.  D.,  Cerebral,  diabetes  in 
which  cerebrose  appears  in  the  urine  in  place  ■>!  the 
ordinary  form  of  glucose  or  liver-sugar.  It  indii 
a  cerebral  lesion.  D.,  English.  Synonym  of  1). 
mellitus.  D.,  Fat,  a  variety  in  which  there  is  a 
tendency  to  obesity.  D.  insipidus,  polyuria,  a 
disease  characterized  by  the  excessive  secretion  of 
a  urine  of  low  specific  gravity,  associated  with  a 
marked  degree  of  thirst,  but  without  the  presence 
of  glycosuria.  The  urine  is  pale,  almost  color! 
and  with  a  specifii  gravity  but  slightly  above  that 
of  water,  and  may  be  voided  in  considerable  quan- 
tities, even  as  much  as  fifty  pints  in  a  day.  Many 
of  the  cases  progressively  emaciate  and  finally  die 
of  exhaustion.  There  is  frequently  found  some 
lesion  of  the  central  nervous  system,  as  a  cerebral 
tumor ;  or  the  disease  may  be  due  to  some  lesion  of 
the  vaso-motor  system  of  nerves.  It  is  most  frequent 
in  males,  and  usually  occurs  between  the  ages  of 
five  and  thirty  years.  D.,  Lean,  a  variety  in  which 
emaciation  is  marked.  D.  mellitus,  glycosuria, 
a  disease  of  the  metabolic  functions  of  the  system, 
without  gross  or  clearly  defined  anatomic  lesions, 
manifesting  itself  by  glycosuria,  polyuria,  thirst,  and 
progressive  loss  of  flesh  and  strength,  with  a  tendency 
to  a  fatal  termination.  The  onset  is  generally 
insidious.  The  urine  is  not  so  excessive  as  in  simple 
polyuria,  but  may  be  as  much  as  thirty  pints  in  twenty- 
four  hours.  It  contains  glucose  or  grape-sugar,  varying 
in  quantity  from  two  to  five  per  cent.,  but  occasionally 
reaching  as  high  as  ten  or  twelve  per  cent.  The 
specific  gravity  is  increased  to  between  1040  and 
1060  though  it  may  be  as  low  as  1010;  the  quantity 
of  urea  is  increased ;  in  some  cases  there  is  an 
excess  of  the  phosphates  of  the  urine,  and  these  cases 
have  been  termed  " phosphatic  diabetes.''''  The  re- 
action of  the  urine  is  slightly  acid ;  the  smell  sweet- 
ish. The  emaciation  is  very  marked  and  rapid,  and 
persists  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  appetite 
is  ravenous  and  the  patient  consumes  an  enormous 
quantity  of  food.  Toward  the  end  of  the  disease 
there  is  a  failure  of  the  mental  faculties.  Among  the 
complications  of  diabetes  mav  be  mentioned  a  tuber- 
culous variety  of  pneumonia,  eczema  and  pruritus  of  the 
skin,  gangrene  of  the  toes,  albuminuria,  opacity  of  the 
crystalline  lens,  coma,  and  cardiac  failure.  Coma  occurs 
most  frequently  in  the  young,  and  is  characterized  by 
an  extreme  degree  of  dyspnea  both  of  inspiration  and 
of  expiration;  it  has  been  called  "  air  hunger"  by 
Kussmaul.  No  appreciable  cause  for  the  dyspnea  can 
be  found.  As  regards  the  morbid  anatomy  of  diabetes 
no  lesion  has  as  yet  been  found.  The  disease  occurs 
most  commonly  in  young  males,  and  in  those  of  the 
gouty  and  neurotic  diatheses.  Exposure  to  cold, 
mental  strain,  injuries  of  the  cerebrum,  and  the  exces- 
sive use  of  starchy  ami  saccharine  foods,  are  given  as 
exciting  causes.  D.,  Mosler's,  polyuria  due  to  the 
presence  of  too  much  inosit  in  the  blood.  D.,  Non- 
saccharine.  Synonym  of  />.  insipidus.  D.,  Pan- 
creatic, a  variety  of  glycosuria  associated  with  and 
probably  dependent  upon  disease  of  the  pancreas. 
D.,  Phloretin,  that  form  produced  in  animals  by  the 
administration  of  phloretin.  D.,  Phloridzin,  that 
following  the  administration  of  phloridzin.     D.,  Phos- 


M  Mil    1  IC 


368 


D1AI  YSIS 


phatic       a  D.,  Saccharine      See  D. 

D.,  True.     Synonym  of  . 
Diabetic 
i 

sui  D.  Cataract,  an  opacit) 

ili,  found    h                ition 

wil 

D     Coma.  D.  Gangrene. 

D.  Sugar,  <  ,11,'  '„.  a   form  of 

glucose,   present    in    the    uri  mellitus. 

It  D.    Tabes,    a 

■i    diabetic    patients, 

in  the  -   of 

km  r  in  the  extensors  of  the 

Diabetin  .  through  ;  .  to  go]. 

1  name  for  levulose,  which  is  recom- 

-ui   innocuous  and    palatable    sugar,   and 

■  r   diabetics.      It  is   a    white 

i  water,  and  has  a  pure  sweet 

Diabetometer 

ire]       A   polariscope  for  ascertaining 
n  diabetic  urine 
Diaboleptic  '-tik)    [d  .   devil ;     Tia/i- 

An  insane  or  deluded  person  who 
niiumications. 
Diabrotic  aruidg;    did,   through; 

eat]       I.    Corrosive.      2.   A  corrosive 
sub  ' 
Diacatholicon  (di-ak  [did,  through  :  KaOo- 

merly,  a  purgative  compound. 
Diacaustic  -  ■s'-tik)    [did,    through  ;    leaver 

caustic].      A  double  convex  cauterizing  lens. 
Diacele,   Diaccele  [did,   between;  mii 

hollow].      A  term  for   the   third   ventricle  or  cavity  of 
or   interbrain.       Its   walls    are    the 
thalami  r  the  tuber  and  diaterma. 

Diacetic  Acid  |  ii-as-e/-tik).     See  Acid. 
Diacetin  t-in)  [<//.  two;  acidum,  acid].  C  II 

[jO         A  liquid  derivative  of  glycerin,  with 
i  ■  ;-  also  called  acetidin, 
Diaceturia  '  [di,  two;  acidum,  acid; 

urine],      I  I    diacetic  acid  in  the 

uri:  if  diabetic  coma. 

Diachorema  (di-ak-o-re* '-man)  [diax&pijfta,  excrement], 

iter;   excrement. 
Diachoresis     \ai-ak-o-re'-sis)     [i  g,    a    passing 

ugh],     1         tion  or  ]       age  of  fei 
Diachoretic  (di-ak-o-ret,-ik)  [dtaxup^rindg :   diaxup 

>  through].     Laxative;   aperient. 
Diachylon   (di-ak/-il-on)   [did,  through  ;  x''/'"'-  juice], 

r  composed  of  the  jui 
D.  Plaster  or  Ointment.     See  Plumbum. 
Diac  [,//,  two;  acidua,  acid].     In  chemis- 

lid  of  an  acid  or  salt. 
Diaclas:  -    .  a  breaking  in  two], 

Diaclast  apart].      An 

breaking  up  the  fetal 

Diaclast  ,  to  bi  eali   apart]. 

D.  Amputation.     See  Mai- 

Diacodio:i  ,  Diacodium  ,/,-'- 

i]  p)   head-].      Syrup 

Diaccele  ,r  Diaccelia  [di 

Diacope  cut].     A 

ill!  ; 


Diacrisis  (di-ak* -ris-is)  [did,  a  pan  ;  xpiveiv,  to  separate 
ecrete:  pi.,  DiacrisesX.     i.   A   critical  discharge, 

i.    A   change  or  disorder  in  a  secretion.      3.   Any  dis- 
ease  marked  by  altered  secretions. 

Diacritic,  or  Diacritical  (di-ak-ritf-ik,  di-ak-rif -ik-al\ 
.  a  separating],      1  diagnostic. 

Diactine  (di-ak'-tin)  [dig,  two;  cucrig,  a  ray] .  In  bio- 
logy, having  two  rays. 

Diad  (di'-ad).     See  Quantivalence. 

Diadelphous  (di-ad-el' -fui  1  [d'u  .  two;  adeXnp6q,  brother]. 
In  botany,  applied  to  stamens  that  are  arranged  in 
two  sets  or  brotherhoods. 

Diaderm  (di'-a-derm)  [dig,  two;  depfia,  skin].  In  bi 
ology,  a  genera]  term  proposed  by  Minot  for  thai 
essentia]  differentiation  of  the  segmenting  ovum,  chai 
acterized  by  the  formation  of  two  plates  of  cells, 
differing  in  character,  joined  at  their  edges  and  sur- 
rounding a  segmentation-cavity;  the  two  plates  or 
lamina  are  the  two  primitive  germ-layers,  the  ecto- 
derm and  entoderm. 

Diadermatic,  Diadermic  (di-ad-er-maf '-ik,  di  ad-er/- 
mik)  [did,  through  ;  dipfia,  skin].  Administered 
through  the  skin.      Cf.  Hypodermatic. 

Diadexis  {di-ad-ek'-sis)  [dvddzi-ig,  metastasis].  Metas- 
tasis of  a  disease,  with  a  change  of  its  character; 
change  in  the  seat  and  nature  of  a  disease. 

Diaeresis  (di-erf-es-is).     See  Dieresis. 

Diageotropic  (di-aj-e-o-trop' '-ik)  [did,  through;  yij,  the 
earth;  Tpiireiv,  to  turn].  In  biology,  growing  at 
right  angles  to  the  direction  of  gravitation. 

Diagnose  (di-ag-nos').      See  Diagnosticate. 

Diagnosis  (di-ag-ne/-sis)  [Ant,  a  part;  yvuoig,  know- 
ledge]. The  distinguishing,  fixation,  <>r  interpreta- 
tion of  a  disease  from  its  symptoms.  D.,  Differential, 
the  qualitative  distinguishing  between  two  diseases  of 
similar  character,  by  comparative  symptoms.  D., 
Direct,  the  recognition  of  a  disease  from  the  existence 
of  one  or  more  signs,  or  symptoms,  independently 
of  or  in  relation  with  other  symptoms,  or  with  age, 
il  and  mental  characteristics,  residence  or 
occupation,  or  with  the  family  history.  D.  by  Ex- 
clusion, the  recognition  of  a  disease  by  excluding 
all  other  known  conditions.  D.,  Physical,  the 
application  of  physical  methods  to  the  study  of 
disease. 

Diagnostic  (di-ag-nos' -tik)  [did,  apart  ;  j  vaaig,  know- 
ledge]. Determining  or  confirming  a  diagnosis  ;  ser- 
ving as  sufficient  evidence  in  a  diagnosis.  D.  In- 
cision, an  incision  (as  through  the  abdominal  wall) 
made  for  diagnostic  purposes. 

Diagnosticate  (di-ag-nos' '-tik-at)  [did,  apart;  yvaavg, 
knowledge].      To  make  a  diagnosis. 

Diagnostician (di-ag-nos-tish' '-an)  [dia,  through;  yvuaig, 
knowledge].      One  skilled  in  making  diagnoses. 

Diagometer  (di-ag-om' -et-er)  [dtayuryi],  transmission; 
uirpov,  a  measure].  An  instrument  for  measuring 
the  electric  conductivity  of  bodies. 

Diagraph  (di'-ag-raf)  [did,  thoroughly;   ypd<f>eiv,  to  re 
cord].     An    apparatus    for  recording  the  outlines  of 
crania. 

Diaheliotropic  (di-a-he-le-o  tropf-ik)  [did,  through ; 
i,'fi»r,  the  sun  ;  Tpoirfj,  a  turning].  In  biology,  hav- 
ing a  tendency  to  grow  at  right  angles  to  the  due,  tion 
oi  the  light. 

Dialdan  (di-alf-dan)  [di,  two;   aldehyd"\,  C8HMOs.     A 
chemic  compound  prepared  b)  allowing  the  mixtun 
and  H  CI  *  the  preparation  of  aldo] 

line  time  ;  it  melts  at  1  59°  C. 

Dialysate  (di-al' '-is-at)  [did,  through  ;  "/im\  to  loose], 
A  substance  that  has  been  acted  upon  by  dialysis. 

Dialysis   (di-al' -is-is)   [did,   through;   "Kveiv,  to    loose]. 
1  ration    of  separating    crystalline    from    colloid 


MAI  Y/l  h 


369 


DIAPHRAGM 


substances  by  means  of  a  porous  diaphragm,  the 
former  passing  through  the  diaphragm  into  the  pure 
water  upon  which  the  dialyzer  rests. 

Dialyzed  [di'-al-lzd)  [did,  through;  "kbeiv,  to  loose]. 
Prepared,  acied  upon,  or  separated,  by  dialysis. 

Dialyzer  [di'-al-lz-er)   [did,  through;   "kbeiv,  to   1 ] 

An  apparatus  for  effecting  dialysis;  also  the  septum, 
or  diaphragm  "I  such  an  apparatus. 

Diamagnetic  Bodies  [di-a-mag  nef-ik  6od/  c-  |.  bodies 
no i  susceptible  of  being  magnetized. 

Diamagnetism  [di-a-mag4 '-«  t-izm)  [did,  ai  i 

magnet].  The  east  and  west  orientation  of  certain 
substances,  notably  antimony,  copper,  and  gold,  when 
placed  in  the  magnetic  held. 

Diamesogamous  [di-a-me-sogf-am-u  [Sid,  through; 
/ikaoq,  middle  ;  j '','"»',  marriage].  In  biology,  applied 
to  such  flowers  as  are  fertilized  hy  means  ol  the  wind, 
water,  insects,  or  other  external  agency. 

Diameter  [di-am'-et-er)  [did,  through;  fitrpov,  a  meas- 
ure]. A  straight  line  passing  through  the  center  of 
a  body  or  figure.  D.,  Baudelocque's.  See  Baude- 
locque.  D.,  Bisacromial,  that  between  the  acromial 
processes.  D.,  Bisiliac,  that  between  the  iliac  bones. 
D.  Bistrochanteric,  that  between  the  two  trochanters. 
D.,  Craniometric,  one  of  several  lines  connecting 
points  on  opposite  surfaces  of  the  cranium.  The  most 
important  craniometric  diameters  are  the  following  : 
Auricular  ox  Biauricular,  connecting  the  centers  of  the 
two  external  auditory  meatuses ;  Basilo-bregmatic ,  that 
joining  the  basilon  and  the  bregma  ;  Biglenoid,  that  join- 
ing the  central  points  of  the  two  glenoid  cavities  ;  Bigo- 
Hiac,  that  joining  the  two  gonions  ;  Bijugal,  that  join- 
ing the  two  malar  points ;  Bijugular,  that  joining  the 
two  jugular  points;  Bimalar,  that  joining  the  two 
malar  points  ;  Bimastoid,  that  joining  the  apices  of 
the  mastoid  bones;  Biparietal,  that  joining  the  pari- 
etal eminences  ;  Bistephanic,  see  Maximum  Frontal ; 
Bitemporal,  that  joining  the  extremities  of  the  coronal 
suture ;  Bizygomatic,  that  joining  the  most  prominent 
points  of  the  zygomata ;  Cervico-bregmatic ,  that 
joining  the  center  of  the  anterior  fontanel  and 
the  junction  of  the  neck  and  floor  of  the  mouth ; 
Fronto-mental,  that  joining  the  top  of  the  fore- 
head and  the  point  of  the  chin ;  Fronto-occipital, 
see  Occipitofrontal :  filial,  that  joining  the  most 
prominent  points  of  the  inion  and  glabella  ;  Maximum 
Antero-posterior,  the  distance  from  the  glabella  to  the 
furthest  point  of  the  occipital  bone  ;  Ma  ximum  Fron- 
tal, that  joining  the  stephanions  ;  Maximum  Occipital, 
that  joining  the  two  asterions  ;  Maximum  Transverse , 
the  greatest  transverse  diameter  of  the  cranium,  where- 
ever  found  ;  Mento-bregmatic,  that  joining  the  chin  and 
the  middle  of  the  anterior  fontanel ;  Mento-frontal, 
see  Fronto-mental :  Minimum  Frontal,  the  supra-or- 
bital line  ;  Occipitofrontal,  that  joining  the  root  of  the 
nose  and  the  most  prominent  point  of  the  occiput ;  Oc- 
cipito-mental,  that  joining  the  external  occipital  protu- 
berance and  the  chin  ;  Sagittal,  see  Basilo-bregmatic  ; 
Stephanie,  see  Maximum  Frontal:  Sub-temporal,  that 
joining  the  spheno-temporal  sutures  on  either  side  of 
the  head  ;  Trachelo-bregmatic ,  see  Cervico-bregmatic  ; 
Vertical  Diameter,  ordinarily  the  distance  from  the 
basion  to  the  bregma,  or  what  is  nearly  equivalent, 
the  distance  from  the  basion  to  the  point  where  the  line 
through  the  basion  at  right  angles  to  the  alveolo-con- 
dylean  plane  intersects  the  cranial  vault ;  but  some- 
times the  line  is  drawn  at  right  angles  to  the  foramen 
magnum.  D.,  Deventer's.  See  Deventer.  D.,  Pel- 
vic, any  one  of  the  diameters  of  the  pelvis.  The 
most  important  are  the  following  :  Antero-posterior  (of 
pelvic  inlet),  -that  which  joins  the  sacro-vertebral 
angle  and  the  pubic  symphysis  ;  Antero-posterior  (of 
24 


pelvic  outlet),  see  Coccypuhii  ;  Coccypubic,  that 
which  joins  the  tip  of  the  coccyx  with  the  subpubic 
ligament;  the  antero-posterior  diameter  of  the  pelvic 
outlet;  '  njugate,  the  antero-posterior  diameter  of 
the  pelvic  inlet;  Conjugate,  diagonal,  that  connecting 
the  sacro-vertebral  angle  and  subpubic  ligament; 
njugate,  external,  that  connecting  the  spine  of  the 
first  sacral  vertebra  and  the  middle  of  the  upper  bor- 
der of  the  symphysis  pubis;  (  .  true,  that 
connecting  the  sacro-vertebral  angle  and  the  most 
prominent  portion  of  tin-  posterior  aspect  of  tin-  sym 
physis  pubis  ;  Oblique  (of  pelvic  inlet),  left  and  right, 
that  connecting  one  sacro-iliac  symphysis  "ith  the  op 
posite  ilio-pectineal  eminence;  see  also  Deventer; 
Oblique  (of  pelvic  outlet),  that  extending  from  the 
middle  of  the  mid  1  surface  of  the  sciatic  ligament  upon 
one  side  to  the  junction  of  tin-  ischio-pubic  rami  on  the 
opposite  side ;  Sacro-pubic,  see  .  inter  -p.  'slerior  ;  Sacro- 
subpubic,  see  Conjugate,  diagonal;  Sacro-suprapu/i< , 
that  connecting  the  sacro- vertebral  angle  and  the  up- 
per portion  of  the  symphysis  pubis  ;  Transverse  (of 
pelvic  inlet),  that  connecting  the  two  most  widely 
-<  parated  points  of  the  pelvic  inlet;  Transverse  (of 
pelvic  outlet),  that  connecting  the  ischial  tuberosi- 
ties. 

Diametroscopy  {di-am-et-ros'  -ko-pe)  [didjie-poq,  diame- 
ter ;  OKOTreiv,  to  inspect].  Observation  or  measure- 
ment of  diameters  (as  of  the  retinal  vessels). 

Diamid  {dir-am-id\     See  Hydrazin. 

Diamin   [di'-am-iri).     See  Amin. 

Diamotosis  {di-am-o-tof-sis)  [did,  through;  fwrde, 
lint].      The  packing  of  a  wound  or  sore  with  lint. 

Diandrous  {Ji-anf-drus)  [die,  two;  ai^/i,  a  man].  In 
biology;  having  two  stamens. 

Dianoux's  Operation.      See  Opera/ions,  Table  of. 

Diapason  [di-ap-as' -on)  [diairaaav,  concord].  A  tun- 
ing fork. 

Diapedesis  (di-ap-ed-e/-sis)  [diarri/di/aic,  a  jumping 
through].  The  escape  of  the  elements  of  the  blood, 
especially  the  white  corpuscles,  through  the  vessel- 
wall.      Also  a  synonym  of  Hematidrosis, 

Diapedetic  {di-ap-ed-et/ -ik\  [dia-i/di/air,  a  jumping 
through].      Relating  to  diapedesis. 

Diaper  ydi'-ap-er)  [ME. ,  dyaper,  diaper;  ornamented 
cloth],  A  napkin  used  as  a  T-bandage  for  infants 
and  menstruating  women. 

Diaphanometer  {di-af-an-om'-et-er).     See  Lactoscopc. 

Diaphanoscope  [di-af-an' '-o-skop)  [dtarjrni/;,  translu- 
cent ;  anoirelv,  to  inspect].  A  form  of  endoscope  in 
which  the  walls  of  the  inspected  cavity  are  rendered 
diaphanous  by  means  of  an  intense  light. 

Diaphanoscopy  [di-af-an-os' '-ko-pe)  [diadavr/c  trans- 
lucent; OKtmeiv,  to  see].  The  examination  of  cavi- 
ties of  the  body  by  means  of  an  introduced  incandes- 
cent electric  light. 

Diaphanous  (di-af  '-an-us)  [did,  through  ;  (patveiv,  to 
shine].  Transmitting  light ;  translucent.  D.  Test. 
See  Death. 

Diaphemetric    (di-af-em-et'-rik)    [<ha,    through  ;    day, 
touch;     fikrpov,    measure].       Pertaining    to   measure 
ments  of  tactile  sensibility. 

Diaphoresis  [di-af-o-re/-sis)  [did,  a  part;  <S>opteiv,  to 
carry].  Perspiration,  especially  perceptible  perspira- 
tion, or  that  induced  by  medical  treatment. 

Diaphoretic  {di-af-or-et'-ik)  [did,  a  part;  oopeeiv,  to 
carry].  1.  Causing  an  increase  of  perspiration  ; 
sudorific.      2.   A  medicine  that  induces  diaphoresis. 

Diaphragm  [di1' -af-rain)  [did,  across  ;  qpd)mi,  wall]. 
I.  The  wall,  muscular  at  the  circumference  and  ten- 
dinous at  the  center,  that  separates  the  thorax  and 
abdomen.  The  chief  muscle  of  respiration  and  ex- 
pulsion.     2.     A    thin     septum,    such    as    is    used    in 


l'lAl'HRACM 


370 


DIARRHl  A 


In  mi  .in  apparatus  placed  be 

twees  the  m  I  object  to  regulate  the  amount  "l 

li^ht  th.it  is  to  pass  through  I  D.,  Central 

Stop,  in  mi  aphragm  having  a  circular  slit 


Diaphragm.  Inferior  Asi «i 

.  Am  tral  tendon.     2.  Right 

:t  leaflet       4.  Right  crus.     5.  Left  crus.     6,  6. 

Intel  Muscular  fibers,  from  which 

the    I  rinate,      8.   Muscular   fihcis   that 

ol  tin- six  lower  ribs     9.  Fibers 

that  1  1  artilage.     10.  Opening  for  inferior 

•  penine  for  esophagus.    12    Aortic  opening. 

•^alis  abdominis, turned  up- 

1 1.    Anterior   leaflet   ol   transversahs 

Quadratus  lumborum.     16,  16.   Psoas 

!  Iiirii  lunihar  vertebra. 


m 


f £■ 


just  within  its  margin,  tin-  center  remaining  opaque. 

D.    Iris,    .1   device    foi   changing    01    regulating    the 

amount  <>t   li.ulu  directed   upon  an  object  under  the 

microscope.     D.  Opening.     The  opening  in  the  disc 

or  apparatus  oi  a  mi<  rost  ope  through  which  the 

rays   ol   light  pass.      It  should  be  of  about  the 

same    size    as   that    of   the    front    Lens   of  the 

objt  1  n\  e. 

Diaphragmalgia     {di-af-rag-mal1 '-je-ah).       ^  < 

Diaphragmatalgia, 
Diaphragmatalgia  [di-af-rag-mat-al,-je-ah)\di&i 
across;    tjip&y/za,  a   wall;    aXyog,  pain].      Pain 
in  or  neuralgia  of  the  diaj  hragm. 
Diaphragmatic  {di-af-rag-mat* -ik)  \Si&,  across; 
,u(i,  a  wall.      Relating  to  the  diaphragm. 
D.    Hernia.       See    Hernia.       D.    Pleurisy. 
See  Pleurisy. 
Diaphragmatitis   [di -of-  rag  -  mat  -  /'-  /is)    [eJtd, 
across;   tppdypa,  a  wall;    trie,   inflammation]. 
Inflammation  of  the  diaphragm. 
Diaphragmatocele    [di-af-rag-matf-o-sll)    [• 
<t>paypa,   diaphragm;    /./,//,,    hernial.      Hernia 
through  the  diaphragm. 
Diaphragmitis     (di-af-rag-mi'-tis).      See    Dia- 
phragmatitis. 
Diaphragmodynia  {di-af-rag-mo-din'-e-ah) [itta- 
1111 ,    diaphragm;    bdlrvr/,    pain].      Pain    in 
the  diaphragm. 
Diaphtherin   {di-af'-ther-iri)   [tiuKpOeipeiv,  to  destroy]. 
Oxychinaseptol  ;    a  coal  tar    derivative    composed  of 
two  molecules  of  oxychinolin  and  one  of  aseptol.      It 
is  a  yellow  powder,  with   a  phenol-like   odor.      It   is 
used  as  an  antiseptic  and  bactericide  in  solutions  vary- 
ing in  strength  from  1  to  50  percent.      Its  chief  draw- 
back   is    that    it    attacks    silver  plated  or   nickel-plated 
instruments,  turning  them  black.      Unof. 

Diaphylactic     [di-af-il  ak'-tik)     [diaQ/vAaKTucSs, 

preserving].      Same  as  Prophylactic. 
Diaphyseitis   {di-af-iz-e-i'-tis)    [d/d^rxKC,  a  dia- 
physis ;   trig,  inflammation].     Inflammation  of 
a  diaphy 
Diaphysis  {i/i-af'-is-is)  [rf/o,  between  ;  oim.  to 
grow].      The  middle  part  or  shaft  of  any  long, 
cylindric  bone,    as   considered   apart    from    the 
apophyses  and  epiphyses.      In  biology,  applied 
to   an   unusually  elongated  axis,   as   that   of  a 
flower  or  (lower-cluster. 
Diaplex,  ( >r  Diaplexus  (di'-ap-leks,  di-ap-leks' '-u  f  1 
[  did,  between  ;  plextu  ,  a  network].       1  he  cho- 
roid  1  1>  xus  of  the  third  ventricle  or  diacele. 
Diapophysial    (di  1  e-al)    \6i£,    apart  ; 

a-n,',rnir,  an  outgrowth].      Relating   to  a  dia 
pophysis. 
Diapophysis (<//-< ip-offf-is -is)[6id, apart;  birdfvoti , 
an  outgrowth].     The  superior  or  articular  pari 
of  a  transverse  apophysis,  or  its  homologue. 


Diapyema 

through  ; 

abs' 
Diapyesis 

through  ; 
Diapyetic 

rating]. 


(di-ap-i-e' '-mah\     [diairli/fia  \     itd, 
pus;   //.,    Diapyemata\     An 


Thb  Diapiii  rs  Relations  to  the  Heart 

■i.irv 

;  pi   I      i| 

' .-.  Il   ..I 
12,    12. 

lirst    rib. 

fl    lung.      2i, 
•ibs. 


( di  -ap-i- '/-  si's )    [(Sin- 1  i,r.,,  ;     did, 
,  suppuration].     Suppuration. 
{di-ap-i-etf -ik)    [6ia7rujirtK6g,    suppu 
Promoting  diapyesis  or  suppuration. 
Diarch ~{dif-ark)  [rf/c,  two;   dpxot,  rulers].      In 
biology,   a    term    descriptive    of   radial    fibro-vascular 
bundles  having  two  1 
Diarrhea  [di-ar-e' '-ah)    [«$«i,  through;   pkttv,  to  flow]. 
An   abnormal    frequency  of  evacuation   of   the  feces, 
which  are  watcr\'.  and  sometimes  acrid.      D.,  Acute, 
that  due  to  cold,  or  to  the  ingestion  of  improper  food  or 
1  In  mil   poisons.      In  severe  imii^  it  is  associated  with 
collapse,  and  may  in  ran-  cases  be  followed  by  death. 


DIARKIIKA 


371 


DIASTI  'II. 


D.,  Acute  Inflammatory,  a  term  including  the  se- 
verer forms  of  the  catarrhal  and  summer  diarrheas  "I 
children.  It  is  characterized  by  griping,  vomiting, 
and  the  passage  of  offensive,  watery,  brown  or  green 
ish  stools.  The  child  in  the  latter  stage  of  this  dis 
ease  presents  the  same  appearance  as  that  seen  in 
advanced  tuberculous  meningitis — pinched  featui 
drowsiness,  sunken  and  half- closed  eyes,  and  rapid 
irregular  pulse — and  to  thi>  condition  the  term  "  spu- 
rious hydrocephalus"  has  been  applied.  Death  fre 
quently  results  from  this  form  of  diarrhea.  D., 
Acute  Summer,  a  term  given  to  sudden  attacks  of 
profuse  watery  diarrhea  occurring  in  children  and 
weak  adults  during  the  prevalence  of  hot  weather. 
(See  Cholera  infantum).  D.  alba.  See  Celiac 
Affection.  D.,  Cachectic,  that  depending  on  some 
diathetic  disease,  as  syphilis,  scurvy,  malaria,  tuberculo- 
sis, and  carcinoma,  or  else  on  chronic  intestinal  catarrh. 
D.,  Choleraic,  severe,  acute  diarrhea  of  any  form 
not  readily  traceable  to  any  recognized  cause.  D., 
Choleriform.  Synonym  of  Cholera  infantum.  D., 
Chronic  Inflammatory,  a  diarrhea  of  children  either 
following  an  acute  attack,  or  developing  insidiously. 
The  stools  are  of  a  dark-brown  color,  thin  and  foul, 
and  may  occasionally  contain  a  spinach  like  material. 
There  is  great  emaciation  and  anemia,  and  the  term 
"consumption  of  the  bowels,"  has  been  given  to  this 
condition.  The  prognosis  must  be  guarded.  D., 
Chronic  Tropical,  //ill- diarrhea,  " white  flux"  of 
India,  a  severe  form  of  chronic  intestinal  catarrh,  and 
essentially  a  tropical  disease.  In  India  it  develops 
often  in  those  who,  after  dwelling  in  the  heat  of  the 
plains,  pass  to  the  changeable  temperature  of  the  hilly 
country,  hence  the  name  "Hill-diarrhea."  The 
stools  are  copious,  light,  and  frothy ;  there  is  progress- 
ive failure  of  strength  ;  the  temperature  becomes  sub- 
normal ;  albuminuria  and  edema  develop,  and  death 
results  in  many  cases  from  exhaustion.  D.  chylosa. 
See  Celiac  Affection.  D.,  Compensatory.  See  £>., 
Vicarious.  D.,  Dissecting-room,  a  severe  form  of 
diarrhea  resulting  from  exposure  to  the  animal  efflu- 
via of  the  dissecting-room.  The  discharges  are  very 
fetid  and  may  be  accompanied  by  colicky  pains,  nausea 
and  vomiting,  and  headache.  D.,  Dysenteric,  a 
form  of  diarrhea  frequently  encountered  in  children  in 
temperate  climates.  There  are  tenesmus  and  colic, 
the  passage  of  mucous  and  fecal  stools,  prolapse  of  the 
rectum,  and  great  exhaustion.  Death  may  result.  D., 
Fatty,  a  rare  form,  the  result  of  the  imperfect  per- 
formance of  the  pancreatic  or  hepatic  function.  D. 
febrilis.  Synonym  of  Enteritis,  Pseudo-membranous. 
D.,  Fibrinous.  Synonym  of  Enteritis,  Pseudo-mem- 
branous. D.,  Gelatinous.  See  Enteritis,  Membran- 
ous. D.,  Heat.  See  D. ,  Summer.  D.,  Hill.  See 
D. ,  Chronic  Tropical.  D.,  Infantile,  a  term 
including  various  forms  of  diarrhea  occurring  in 
infants  and  young  children.  D.,  Irritative,  that 
due  to  direct  irritation  of  the  intestines  by  improper  food 
and  drink,  purgative  medicines,  poisons,  intestinal 
worms,  etc.  D.,  Lienteric,  a  form  of  diarrhea  com- 
mon in  children  over  two  years  of  age,  and  character- 
ized by  the  passage  of  fluid  stools  containing  scraps 
of  undigested  food,  and  associated  with  griping  pains. 
D.,  Matinal.  See  D.,  Chronic  Tropical.  D.,  Me- 
chanical, that  due  to  mechanical  obstruction  to 
the  portal  circulation,  with  consequent  gastrointesti- 
nal hyperemia  and  catarrh.  It  is  seen  in  cases  of  mi- 
tral lesion.  D.,  Mucous.  See  Enteritis,  Mem- 
branous. D.,  Nervous.  See  D.,  Lienteric.  D. 
pituitosa.  Synonym  of  Enteritis,  Pseudo-membra- 
nous. D.,  Secondary,  symptomatic  diarrhea  :  that 
secondary  to  some  ulcerative  condition  of  the  intes- 


tines, as  in  typhoid  fever,  tuberculosis,  pyemia,  etc. 
D.,  Serous,  a  variety  in  which  the  stool-,  are  very 
watery.  D.,  Simple  Catarrhal,  a  common  variety 
of  diarrhea  occurring  in  infants.  It  is  marked  by 
watery  evacuations  i  ontaining  feculent  matter  and  un- 
digested i  uurds.  It  is  due  to  errors  in  diet  or  exposure 
to  cold.  D.,  Summer,  an  acute  form  due  to  the  inti 
heat  of  summer.  A  synonym  of  the  Summer  < 
plaint  of  infants.  D.,  Symptomatic.  See  /'. , 
ondary.  D.,  Tuberculous,  that  form  dependent  upon 
tuberculous  disease  of  the  bowels.  D.  tubularis. 
Synonym  of  Enteritis,  Pseudo-membranous.  D.,  Ul- 
cerative, a  grave  form  due  to  intestinal  ulceration. 
D.,  Vicarious,  that  due  to  suppression  or  arrest  of  the 
functions  of  the  skin,  kidneys,  or  lungs,  so  that  the 
bowels  do  the  extra  or  vicarious  work.  It  is  also 
called  Compensatory  diarrhea.  It  is  rather  salutary 
than  otherwise. 

Diarrheal  (<li-ar-e/-al)  [did,  through ;  peeiv,  to  flow]. 
Relating  to,  or  of  the  nature  of  diarrhea. 

Diarthrodial  {di-ar-thro'-de-al )  [dia,  throughout; 
apdpvoig,  articulation].  Relating  to  or  of  the  nature 
of  a  diarthrosis. 

Diarthrosis  {di-ar-thro' -sis)  \8i&,  throughout ;  apdpt 
articulation].  A  form  of  articulation  characterized  by 
mobility.  The  various  forms  are  :  Arthrodia,  in  which 
the  bones  glide  upon  plane  surfaces  ;  Enarthrosis,  best 
known  as  ball-and-socket  joint,  with  motion  in  all 
directions;  Ginglymus,  or  hinge-joint,  with  backward 
and  forward  motion;  and  D.  rotatoria,  with  pivotal 
movement. 

Diary  Fever  (di'-ar-e).     See  Fever. 

Diastaltic  (di-as-lal'-tik)  [<5/<i,  apart ;  crC/'/m,  tosend]. 
Reflex ;  performed  (as  are  many  reflex  actions) 
through  the  medium  of  the  spinal  cord. 

Diastase  UUf-as-tas)  [(uaamotc ,  separation].  A  nitro- 
genous vegetable  ferment  that  is  either  contained  or 
developed  in  the  fermentation  of  grain,  which  acts  on 
the  molecules  of  starch,  converting  this  into  grape- 
sugar  or  glucose. 

Diastasemia  (di-as-tas-e'-me-ah)  [dtd,  apart ;  araaic, 
settling;  duia,  blood].      Acute  anasarca. 

Diastasic,  or  Diastatic  [di-as-tas' -ik,  or  di-as-tat'-ik) 
[luoaraaic,  separation].  Relating  to  a  diastasis.  D. 
Ferments.     See  Perm  cuts. 

Diastasis  (di-as' -tas-is)  [tiiaoraGic,  separation].  I. 
Luxation  or  dislocation.  2.  The  separation  of  an 
epiphysis  from  the  body  of  a  bone  without  true  fracture. 

Diastema  (di-as-te'-mah)  [diaarrifia,  a  distance:  //. , 
Diastemata~\.  A  space  or  cleft.  In  biology,  applied 
to  the  space  between  any  two  consecutive  teeth. 

Diastematelytria  {di-as-tern-at-el-itf -re-ah)  [dtdon/pa, 
fissure  ;  iXvrpov,  vagina].  Longitudinal  and  congeni- 
tal fissure  of  the  vagina. 

Diastematochilia  (di-as-tem-at-o-kil'-e-ah)  \_6iaarrjua, 
fissure  ;  ^f'/ oc,  lip].  Congenital  longitudinal  tis^re 
of  the  lip  ;  hare-lip. 

Diastematocystia  |  di-as-tem-at-o-sis'-te-ah  )  \6iaanifia, 
fissure  ;  Krone,  bladder].  Congenital  longitudinal 
fissure  of  the  bladder. 

Diastematognathia  (di-as-tem-at-og-na1 '-the-ah)  [diao- 
rr/un,  fissure  ;  yvadoc,  jaw].  Congenital  longitudinal 
fissure  of  the  jaw. 

Diastematometria(<//-(^'  ■tem-at-o-7ne/-tre-aK)\fuumjiia, 
fissure;  \iifrpa,  womb].  Congenital  longitudinal 
median  fissure  of  the  uterus. 

Diastematosternia  {di-as-tem-at-o-ster/-ne-ah)  [diaa- 
ri/iia,  fissure ;  arkpvov,  sternum].  Median  congenital 
fissure  of  the  sternum. 

Diaster  (di'-as-ter).      See  Dyaster  and  Karyokinesis. 

Diastole  [di-as'-to-le)  [SloctoM],  a  drawing  apart].  The 
period   of  expansion  or  dilatation  of  the   heart  during 


DIASTOl  [C 


372 


DICROTIC 


its    rhythm:  or    beat.      It    i-    applied    also    to 

the  dilatati  b)    the   heart's   con- 
tra<  • 

Diastolic  drawing   apart]. 

D.  Impulse,  the  back  stroke. 

D.  Murmur.     See  Mitrt            D.  Thrill,  the   vibra- 

I  in  the  i  the  In-art  daring  the  diastole 

Diastrephia  .  to 

turn]       Insanit)   marked   b)  and    by 

Diatacuc  ,  to  make  readj  ]. 

Pi  D.    Action,   the   supposed    molecular 

hi  brain  i 
iratory  to   coordinated   motor 

Dtatela  n].      The  velum  inter- 

Diaterm.i  [Ad,  1  .  .    nd], 

•  the  diacele.     It  has  a  nearly 
.1  direction. 
Diathermal   or   Diathermanous    [di-ath-er/-mal,   di- 
,  through ;  , ,  heat],      Trans- 

iphanous  to  the  waves  of  radiant  heat. 
Diathermanc  .  [Ad,  through;  8&i 

Diathesis  |       .  through  ;   TiBtvai,  to  ar- 

i  ondltion  of  the  body  whereby  it  is 

ertain  di  -uch  as  gout,  cal- 

cu.  It   may  be  acquired  ot   heredi- 

D.,  Hemorrhagic.     See  Hemophilia. 

Diathetic  '-ik)    [Ad,  through;    rrftra;,  to  ar- 

•     a  diathi 
Diatom  i  ine  of  the  Diatomacece,  a  group 

Diatomic  rn'-ik)   [dig,  two  ;  irofiog,  atom].      In 

sting  of  two  atoms  ;  specifically  applied 

that  have  two  hydrogen  atoms  united  to  the 

nu  a. 

Diatomin  [Ad,    through  ;     rifivetv,    to 

cut].     I  wish- brown  coloring-matter  of  diatoms. 

It  :  inthin. 

Diaxon  [Ac,  two ;  dfwv,  axis].      In  biology, 

having  two  a 
Diazo-  ;    azotum,   nitrogen].      In 

mistry,  a  prefix  signifying  that  a  compound  contains 
.  I  ,1b,  united  with  a  radical  consisting  of  two 
nit:  D.-acid,    one    of   certain    volatile 

liqi  yellow    color    and    peculiar   odor,    which 

-.;        1  with  steam  or  under  reduced  pres 
■•    are    slightly  soluble    in    water,   but  mix 
■i  with  ether.     D. -compound, 
in  ntaining  a  group  consisting 

'.'■'■  ted   with  a  radii  al  consisting  of 

the  name).     D. -reac- 
tion or  test,  a  urinary  test,  originally  thought  to  be 

teric  fever.  It  is 

i  in  the  ui  i  thy  persi  ms.      I  he  test  is 

2'>>>  parts  of  sulphanilic  acid  solution 

Union  in  water)  with  io  parts  of  pure 

■  t    nitrite  of  sodium 

|  ■   this   mixture   add  an  equal 

f  "rin-  mmonia  to  render  the 

red  denotes  the 

Diazobenzene  <rim< 

vro- 

Dib 

Dibasic  ]       Having 

D.  Acids. 


Dibenzyl  [di-ben'-zil)  [Ac,  twice ;  benzoin],  v"MHu. 
A  i. impound  prepared  by  the  action  of  sodium  upon 
benzyl  chlorid.  It  crystallizes  in  large  prisms,  melt- 
ing at  52°  < '.  and  boiling  at  2840  C. 

Diblastic    [di-blas'-tik)    [Ac,  double  ;   &Xaar6g,  germ] 
Referring  t"  any  theory  of  disease  thai  ascribes  it  to  a 
double  agency. 

Dibothrium  [di-both' '-re-uni)  [L.].  A  genus  of  ces 
tode  worms.     D.  latum.     See  Bothriocephalus  lotus. 

Dibromindone  {di-bro-minf-don)  [Ac, double;  (Jpi 
a    stench],    1 ',,1 1,l!r.,<  >.     A    compound   derived    from 
dibromcinnamic   acid.     It    consists   of  orange-yellow 
needles,  with  an  odor  resembling  that  of  quinone.     It 
melts  at  123°. 

Dicephalism  (di-sef'-al-izm)  [A'c,  two;  Ki<pa/Jj,  head]. 
1  he  condition  of  having  two  heads. 

Dicephalous  {di-sef'-al-us)  [Ac,  two;  KFpa/J/,  head]. 
Two  headed. 

Dicephalus  {di-seff-al-us)  [Ac,  two  ;  kc<^u7.Ij,  a  head]. 
A  monster  having  two  heads. 

Dicerous  (dis'-er-us)  [Ac,  two;  Kipar,  a  horn].  In 
biology,  having  two  antennae. 

Dichasium  (di-ka'-se-um)  [AjacYc,  division].  In 
biology,  applied  to  a  cyme  having  two  axes. 

Dichastasis  [di-kasf-tas-is\  [dixaotg,  division].  In 
biology,  spontaneous  fission. 

Dichasteres  [di-kas-te' '-rlz)  [A^dfe/w,  to  divide].  An 
old  name  for  the  incisor  teeth. 

Dichlamydeous  (di-ilam-id'-e-us)  [Ac,  two  ;  jAa^ic,  a 
mantle].  In  biology,  applied  to  flowers  having  both 
floral  envelops. 

Dichogamy  (di-kog* '-a-me\  [A'^'«,  in  two  ;  -}  tutor,  mar- 
riage]. In  biology,  a  provision  for  cross-fertilization 
of  flowers  by  the  maturation  of  the  reproductive  ele- 
ments of  the  same  flower  at  different  times. 

Dichotomous  Uli-kot' '-o-mus)  [Aja,  in  two  ;  riuveiv, 
to  cut].  In  biology,  divided,  forked  or  having  a 
dual  arrangement. 

Dichroism  [di'-kro-izni)  [Ac,  double;  j/ioa,  color]. 
The  phenomenon  of  difference  of  color  in  bodies 
when  viewed  by  reflected  or  by  transmitted  light. 

Dichromatism  {ili-kro'  -mat-izm).  Same  as  Color- 
blindness. 

Dicinchonin  (di-sin'-kon-in)  [Ac,  double ;  cinchona], 
Cs8H44N402.  An  alkaloid  of  Cinchona  bark,  an 
amorphous  solid,  melting  at  400  C,  readily  soluble  in 
alcohol  and  ether. 

Diclesium  [di-kle' '-se-um)  [Ac,  two  ;  ttXeieiv,  close].  In 
biology,  an  achenium  having  a  persistent  calyx  or 
perianth. 

Diclinous  {di-klV '-nus)  [A'c,  two;  n'/ivr/,  abed].  In 
biology,  having  the  stamens  and  pistils  in  separate 
flowers. 

Dicochirurgea  (di-ho-hi-rer'-je-ah)  \_<Vikt],  justice; 
%eip  surgery].      Forensic  surgery. 

Dicotoin  {di-k(/ -to-in)  [Ac,  double;  Coto~\.  A  deriva- 
tive of  cotoin  present  iii  coto  bark. 

Dicotyledon  [di-kot-il-e/ -don)  [Ac,  two;  Korvk^Sim, 
a  cavity].  In  biology,  a  term  introduced  by  J.  Ray 
in  16S2,  foraplant  whose  embryo  has  two  seed-leaves 
or  cotyledons. 

Dicranous  {di-tyra' -nus)  [dlnpavog,  two-headed]. 
1  bicephalous 

Dicranus  [di-kra' -nus)  [Ac,  double;  upavov,  head]. 
A  dicephalous  monster. 

Dicrotic  {di-krot'-ik^SinpoTog, double  beating].  Having 
a  doubl  D.  Pulse,  a  term  applied  to  a  pulse 

that  imparts  the  sensation  of  a  double  beat  at  each 
pulsation.  D.  Wave,  the  wave  of  recoil,  or  the 
ml  smaller  ascending  wave  of  the  sphygmographic 
tracing.  It  is  generated  by  closure  oi  the  aortic 
valves. 


DICROTISM 


373 


DI I  ll«  I  II  \n  INTESTINORI  M 


Dicrotism  [di' ' -kro-tizni)  [diK/ioror,  a  double-beat]. 
The  quality  of  being  dicrotic.  A  condition  of  the 
pulse  in  which  with  every  wave  there  is  given  to  the 
finger  of  the  examiner  the  sensation  of  two  beats.  It 
is  present  when  the  arterial  tension  is  low.  The  second 
shock  is  due  to  the  recoil  of  the  arterial  walls  when 
the  aortic  valves  are  closed. 

Dictyitis  [dik-te-i/ -tis)  [dinrvov,  net,  retina].      Retinitis. 

Dictyopsia  (dik-te-op'-se-ali)  [6'iktvov,  net  ;  Hrpig,  view]. 
The  sensation  as  if  a  net  were  stretched  before  the  e\  ■ 

Dicyanogen  (di-si-an'-o-jen)  [die,  double;  cyanogen], 
NC.CN.  Free  cyanogen  ;  a  colorless,  poisonous  gas 
of  peculiar  odor,  and  specific  gravity  26  (11  =  1).  It 
may  be  condensed  to  a  mobile  liquid  by  cold  of — 250 
C. ,  or  by  a  pressure  of  four  atmospheres  at  ordinary 
temperatures.  In  this  condition  it  has  a  specific 
gravity  of  .566,  solidities  at  — 34°  C.  to  a  crystalline 
mass  and  boils  at  — 21°  C.  It  burns  with  a  bluish- 
purple  mantled  (lame. 

Didactic  (di-dak1 '-tik)  [didanrtudg,  apt  at  teaching]. 
Teaching  by  description,  rules,  or  principles  ;  opposed 
to  clinical. 

Didactylism  {di-dak' -til-izm)  [pig,  double  ;  ddnrvlog, 
a  finger].  The  condition  of  having  congenitally  but 
two  digits  on  a  hand  or  foot. 

Diday's  Operation.     See  Operations,   Table  of. 

Didot's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Diduction  [di-duk'-shun)  [diducere,  to  draw  apart]. 
Abduction  of  two  parts  ;  the  withdrawal  of  a  part. 

Didymalgia  [did-e-mal'  -je-ah\  [d/dv/uog,  testicle  ;  alo/og , 
pain].      Pain  in  a  testicle. 

Didymitis  [did-e-mi/-tis\  [didv/nog,  a  testicle  ;  irn\  in- 
flammation]. Orchitis  affecting  mainly  the  body  of 
the  testicle. 

Didymium  (di-diin'  -e-nni)  [didv/iog,  twin].  A  rare 
metal  of  grayish  or  yellow  color.  See  Elements, 
Table  of. 

Didymous  (did'-int-us)  [didvuor,  twin].  Arranged  in 
a  pair,  or  in  pairs. 

Didymus  (did' -im-ns)  [didv/uog,  twin].  A  twin;  a 
twin-monstrosity  ;    a  testis. 

Didynamous  [di-din*  -am-us\[6ig, two;  diwa/ng,  power]. 
In  biology,  having  the  stamens  in  two  pairs,  one 
longer  than  the  other. 

Die  (di)  [ME.,  &»].  To  cease  to  live;  to  become 
dead. 

Diecious  (di-e'-shus)  [dig,  two  ;  okor,  house].  In  bi- 
ology, having  the  two  sexes  in  different  individuals,  or 
in  two  households,  as  staminate  and  pistillate  flowers 
separate  and  on  separate  plants. 

Dieffenbach's  Operation.      See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Dielectric  (di-e-lek'-trik)  [did,  through  ;  yAenrpov, 
amber].  A  non-conducting  substance  that  transmits 
electricity  by  induction. 

Dielectrics  (di-e-lek' '-triks)  [did,  through  ;  jj?£KTpov, 
amber].  The  property  of  certain  substances  to  per- 
mit an  inductive  electric  influence  to  act  through  or 
across  them. 

Dielectrolysis  [di-e-lek-trol' '-is-is)  [did,  through;  r/fen- 
rpov,  electricity  ;  Tweiv,  to  dissolve].  Galvanic  elec- 
trolysis of  a  compound,  the  current  passing  at  the 
same  time  through  a  diseased  portion  of  the  body  and 
carrying  one  of  the  elements  of  the  compound  with  it. 

Dien  {di'-eri)  [did,  through;  ey/c£0ayoc,  brain].  An 
abbreviation  of  diencephalon.  The  name  given  to 
the  line  of  junction  of  the  thalamus  with  the  caudatum. 

Diencephal  (di-en-sef-al'  ).     Same  as  Diencephalon. 

Diencephalon  {di-en-sef '-al-on)  [did,  between  ;  i]netya- 
Aag,  brain].  That  part  <>f  the  brain  between  the 
prosencephalon  and  the  mesencephalon.  It  includes 
the  optic  thalami  and  the  third  ventricle. 

Dieresis   (di-er'-es-is)  [d/aipraig,    a  division].      A  solu- 


tion of  continuity,  as  a  wound,  ulceration,  etc.  In 
biology,  the  division  of  the  outer  branch  of  the  pos- 
terior or  caudal  pleopod  of  a  crustacean.      Bal 

Dieretic  [di-er-ef '-ik)  [dtaipkeiv,  to  divide"].  I'estruc- 
tive;  eschari  itii  ;  c<  irrosh  e. 

Dies  and  Counter-dies.  Metallic  casts  obtained  by 
molding  in  sand  or  dipping  in  molten  zinc  and  lead, 
or  other  alloys,  such  as  babbitt  metal,  and  which  are 
used  for  stamping  up  dental  plates  ;  they  are  generally 
described  as  male  and  female  castings,  between  which 
the  plate  is  swaged. 

Diesel's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Diet  (di'  -et)  [diaira,  a  system  or  mode  of  living].  1. 
An  arranged  selection  of  food  necessary  to  meet  the 
needs  of  the  body.  2.  To  regulate  the  amount  and 
character  of  the  food  ingested.  D. -drink,  a  medi- 
cated drink,  or  beverage.  D.,  Lisbon,  a  draught  mui  h 
resembling  the  compound  tincture  of  sarsaparilla. 
D.,  Milk,  one  consisting  mainly  of  milk.  D.,  Tuff- 
nell's,  a  highly  nutritious  diet  including  but  a  small 
amount  of  liquids,  employed  in  the  treatment  of 
internal  aneurysms. 

Dietarian  (di-et-a' -re-ati)  [diaira,  a  system  or  mode  of 
living].  A  physician  who  pays  special  attention  to 
matters  of  diet. 

Dietary  (ili'-et-a-re)  [diaira,  a  system  or  mode  of 
living].  A  system  of  food -regulation  intended  to  meet 
the  requirements  of  the  animal  economy. 

Dietetic  (cti-et-et'-ik)  [diaira,  a  system  or  mode  of 
living].     Pertaining  to  diet. 

Dietetics  (di-et-et'-iks)  [diaira,  a  system  or  mode  of 
living].  The  science  of  the  systematic  regulation  of 
the  diet  for  hygienic  or  therapeutic  purposes. 

Dietetist  (di-et-et'-ist)  [diaira,  a  system  or  mode  of 
living].  One  who  is  expert  in  questions  of  diet  ;  a 
dietarian. 

Diethylamin  (di-eth-H' -am-in)[dig, double ;  ethyl, amin~\, 
NC4Hn.  A  ptomaine,  obtained  from  the  pike-fish  when 
allowed  to  putrefy  for  six  days  in  summer.  It  is  an 
inflammable  liquid  of  strong  basic  properties,  soluble 
in  water,  and  boiling  at  57.50  C.    It  is  non -poisonous. 

Dietic  (di-e/'-ik)  [diaira,  a  system  or  mode  of  living]. 
Same  as  Dietetic.  D.  Diseases,  those  caused  by 
errors  of  diet. 

Difference-Theory  (dif'-er-ens).  A  theory  in  explan- 
ation of  the  galvanic  phenomena  of  living  tissues. 
The  theory  is  an  expression  of  these  facts  :  Protoplasm 
when  injured  or  excited  in  its  continuity  becomes 
negative  to  the  uninjured  part ;  when  heated  it  becomes 
positive  ;  and  the  surface-polarization  diminishes  with 
excitement  and  in  the  process  of  dying.  It  is  also 
called  Alteration-theory  (Hermann'). 

Differential  [difer-en'-shal)  [differentia ,  difference]. 
Pertaining  to  or  creating  a  difference.  D.  Diagno- 
sis. See  Diagnosis.  D.  Rheotome.  See  Rkeo- 
tome.  D.  Tone,  a  tone  produced  by  two  primary 
tones  when  sounding  simultaneously;  the  number  of 
the  vibrations  corresponds  to  the  difference  between 
the  two  primary  tones.  D.  Staining,  a  method  of 
staining  tubercle-bacilli,  syphilis-bacilli,  etc.,  founded 
upon  the  fact  that  if  deeply-colored,  and  especially 
with  a  mordant,  they  retain  the  color  in  the  presence  of 
certain  reagent-  that  decolorize  the  surrounding  tis- 
sues. Koch,  Ehrlich  and  Weigert,  Ziehl  and  Neel 
son,  Fiitterer,  Gibbes,  etc.,  have  devised  various 
methods  ot  differential  staining. 

Differentiation  {dif-er-en-she-a' -shun)  [differentia,  dif- 
ference]. Specialization  of  tissues,  organs,  or  func- 
tions. The  gradual  change  of  homogeneous  material 
into  special  tissues  or  organs. 

Difficultas  intestinorurn  (dif-ik-ul'-tas  intes-tin-or'- 
urn)   [I-.].      Synonym  of  Dysentery. 


I'll  IK  ACTION 


nii.1 1  ]   mok  n  i 


Diffraction 

•i].      Tin  .                                                       a  when 

it  ;  tun       D.  Grat 

ing,  ruled  with  fine  lint -^ :   it  i> 

the  bat- 
terj 

Diffuse  •   over], 

d  y .     D . 
Aneurysm.  the  walls 

D.  Cerebral  Sclerosis. 
D.  Inflammation 
Diffusibl-  ur]. 

I   i. .in  the 
g  stimulants, 
■ 
:sion  id].      A 

D..   Anodal,  - 
D. -circle,  the  im  formed 

the    true 

having  been 

Digastric  .   belly]. 

II..  D.    Muscle.      See    Mil 

D.  Triangle.  [able  of. 

Digenesis  -      .    aeration]. 

hi  .  the  alternation  of  sexual  and  asexual  gen- 

Digenous  ex].     In  biol- 

or    originating  from 

Digerent  ,  to  digest]       A  digest- 

medicine   that  excites  the  secretion  of  pus 
in  ' 
Digestant  to    digest].      I.   A 

that  effects  solution  of  the  food  in 
tach,  and  intestines.      2.    A  remedy  for 
indij 
Digestibility  Hbilis,  that  can  be 

bility  of  being  digested. 
Digestib'.-j  /is.    that   can   be    di- 

->tio  Difficilie  -odif-ik' -il-is)  [I.-].  Syn- 

Digestio:  r-rere,  to  digest].      In   lii- 

od   taken   into  an 

me   part   thereof.      D., 

Artificial,  utside  of  the 

D.,  Primary,  gastrointestinal  digestion.      D., 

Secondary  imilation  by  the  body-cells  of  their 

um. 

Digestive  , -,]       i.    Relat- 

^      \n   a^ent  that  | 

process    of 
D.   Apparatus,  -tion 

D.  Tract,  the  whole  aliment- 
See  lllustra- 

■ 

■].     Pertaining  to  the 
D.  Arteries.  I  the  hands 

D.  Comprc  ,f  a  How  .,f  blood  by 

D.  Dilatation,  tlv    .-nlar^'- 

D.  Examina- 
tion, j) 

Nerves  nd  feel       D.  Pha- 

langes, 
Digitalein 

Digita.  •  the 

I 


active  principle  of  Digita  urea,  </.  v.      Dose  gr. 

j.    A  precipitate  from  a  tincture  of  Digitalis 

I  not.      Besides  the  foregoing  there    are 

various  commercial  preparations  known  by  tin-  name. 

Digitalis  (dij-it-a'-lis)  [digitalis,  pertaining  to  the 
fingers].  Foxglove.  The  leaves  of  D.  purpurea.  It 
itains  an  amorphous  complex  substance,  digitalin, 
that  does  not,  however,  represent  the  full  properties 
of  the  leaves.  It  i-  a  cardial-  stimulant  and  excito 
motor,  and  in  large  doses  causes  severe  gastric  dis 
turbance.      It  i-  em]  mainly  in  ms  of  the 

heart  when  the  latter  is  rapid  and  feeble.  Dos 
the  leaves  gr.  ss-iij.  D.  abstractum.  strength  twice 
that  of  digitalis  itself.  Unof.  Dosegr.  '+  ii.  D.,  Ext., 
leaves  yield  25  per  cent,  of  extract.  Dose  gr.  ' ,,  '_-. 
D.,  Ext.,  Fid.,  strength  100  per  cent.  1  lose  rr\  j-iij. 
D.  infusum,  1  >2  per  cent,  in  strength.  I  >ose  ■•  ss-j. 
D.,  Tinct.,  15  per  cent.    I  >ose  m^v-  3  j.    See  Digitalin. 

Digitalose    idij-it-al-oz,s\    [digitalis,    pertaining    to    the 
fingers].     A  white  crystalline  constituent  of  digitalis. 


Salivary  Gland 


hagus 


Lacttals 


Intestine 


ytrmiform  Appendix 


RAL     SCHEME     OF     THK     DlGKSTlVK     TRACT,    WITH     THE 

Chief  Glands  Opening  into  It;   Together   with    mi- 
rom    im-    Intestine    and   Joining 
im-:  Thoracic  Dlct.     (Landois.) 

Digitate  {dij'-il-af\  [digitus,  linger].  In  biology,  hav- 
ing linger-like  divis  when  the  leaflets  of  a 
compound  leaf  are  all  borne  on  the  apex  of  the  petiole. 

Digitation  [dij-it-a'-shuti)  [digitatus,  having  digits]. 
A  serration;  a  finger-like  process,  or  a  succession  ol 
such  ]  ir 

Digiten  {dij'-it-en)  [digitus,  a  finger],  I'.elonging  to  a 
digil  in  itself. 

Digiti     mortui      [dij'-iti    nior'-tni)      [I..].       Dead- 
rs  ;    a  cold  and  white  -tat.-  of  the  lingers,  seen  in 


DIGITIGRADK 


375 


I'M  IPTOMETRY 


some  hysterical  women,  and  in  certain  types  of  insan- 
ity.    It  is  a  manifestation  of  some  vaso  motor  disorder. 

Digitigrade  [dijf -it-ig-rad)  [digitus,  finger;  gradi,  to 
walk].      In  biology,  walking  on  the  toes. 

Digitonin  (dij-it-o-ninf)  [digitalis,  pertaining  to  the 
fingers],  C.„IIV,(  >,..  A  white,  amorphous  mass  ob- 
tained from  digitalis.  It  is  easily  soluble  in  water, 
slightly  so  in  alcohol ;  insoluble  in  ether  and  chloro- 
form. 

Digitoxin  (di/- it-oks'-in)  [digitalis,  pertaining  to  the 
lingers;  toxicum ,  poison],  C.,j  1 1:;._,<  >7 .  or  ( '  v,  II  .,( >34.  A 
highly  poisonous  alkaloid  from  Digitalis  purpurea.  Its 
effects  are  little  understood.  Its  action  is  cumulative. 
Unof. 

Digitule  (dig'-it-ul)  [digitulus,  a  little  digit].  A  little 
finger,  toe,  or  claw  ;  a  small  organ  or  prominence 
resembling  a  digit. 

Digitus  (dij'-it-us)  [L.].      A  finger  or  toe. 

Diglossia  \di-glos/-e-ah)  [<S/c,  double ;  yAuaca,  tongue]. 
The  condition  of  having  a  double  tongue. 

Digoneutic  [di-go-nu' -tik)  [f5/c,  two;  y6voc,  offspring]. 
In  biology,  producing  two  broods  a  year. 

Digonoporous  [di-go-nop1 '-or-us)  [Sig,  two;  }6vog,  off- 
spring; iropor,  pore].  In  biology,  having  the  genital 
pores  separate. 

Digyn  (di'-jin)  [Sig,  two;  yvv%,  woman].  In  biology, 
having  two  pistils. 

Dihydrolutidin  [di-ki-dro-lu' '-tid-in)  [<J/c ,  double ; 
vSop,  water],  C7HnN.  One  of  the  alkaloids  of  cod- 
liver  oil.     See  Morrhuolins. 

Dihysteria  (di-/iis-te/-re-ah)  [dig,  double  ;  iaripa,  the 
womb].      The  presence  of  a  double  womb. 

Dilaceratio  cataractae  [di-las-er-a' '-she-o  kat-ar-ak' -te) 
[L. ].     See  Dilaceration. 

Dilaceration  {di-las-er-a* '-shun)  [dilaceratio,  a  tearing 
apart].  A  tearing  apart  ;  division  of  a  membranous 
cataract  by  a  tearing  operation. 

Dilatatio  cordis  (di-lat-a' '-ske-o  kor'-dis)  [L.].  Dila- 
tation of  the  heart. 

Dilatation  (di-lat-a/-shun )  [dilatare,  to  spread  out].  I . 
An  increase  in  the  size  of  a  cavity  or  of  the  lumen  of  a 
vessel ;  expansion  of  an  organ  without  hypertrophy. 
2.  Surgical  stretching  out  of  the  walls  of  a  hollow 
organ.  D.  of  Blood-vessel.  See  Telangiectasis. 
D.  of  Heart,  an  increase  in  the  size  of  one  or  more  of 
the  cavities  of  the  heart,  arising  from  a  relaxation  or 
weakening  of  the  heart-muscle.  It  is  associated  with 
evidences  of  failure  of  circulation,  resulting  in  conges- 
tion of  the  lungs  and  other  viscera  and  tissues. 

Dilatator  (di-lat-a/-tor).     See  Dilator. 

Dilator  (di-la'-tor)  [dilatare,  to  spread  out].  An  instru- 
ment for  stretching  or  enlarging  a  cavity  or  opening  ; 
also,  a  dilating  muscle.  See  Muscles,  Tabic  of.  D., 
Barnes',  an  instrument  for  dilatation  of  the  os  and  cer- 
vix uteri,  consisting  of  a  rubber  bag,  which,  when  in- 
serted, is  distended  with  water.  D.,  Intra-uterine, 
for  dilating  the  uterine  cavity  by  means  of  air  or  water. 
D.,  Laryngeal,  an  instrument  with  two  or  three  blades 
that  may  be  separated,  for  freeing  or  dilating  the  larynx. 

Dilemma  [di-lemf  -ah)  [S'ih}(ifia  ;  dig,  double  ;  /djfifia, 
proposition].  In  experiments  to  determine  the  reac- 
tion-time of  psychic  processes,  if  the  person  is  told 
which  side  is  to  be  stimulated,  or  what  colored  disc  is 
to  be  presented,  etc. ,  the  time  is  shorter.  Lack  of  such 
foreknowledge  is  called  the  dilemma. 

Dill  (dil).     See  Anethum. 

Dilmaisch  Disease.     See  Disease. 

Diluent  [dil'-u-ent)  [diluere,  to  wash  away].  An  agent 
that  dilutes  the  secretions  of  an  organ,  or  that  increases 
the  fluidity  of  secretions. 

Dilution  [di-lu' -shun)  [diluere,  to  wash  away].  I.  The 
process  of  mixing  with  a  neutral  fluid  or  substance,  in 


order  to  attenuate.     2.    A  diluted  substance  ;  the  result 
of  a  diluting  process. 

Dilutionist  (di-lu'-Jiun-ist)  [diluere,  to  wash  away]. 
<  »ne  who  advocates  the  dilution  of  medicines.  D., 
High,  a  homeopathist  who  advocates  the  extreme  at- 
tenuation of  in*  'In  ines. 

Dimerosomatous  [dim-er-o-som' '-at-us)   [Sig,  two;   \ii- 
,    a   part;    cijua,    body].        In    biology,    applic 
animals,   as  spiders,  that   have   the   body  divided  into 
two  regions,  cephalo-thorax  and  abdomen. 

Dimerous  {dim' -er-us)  [<J*'c,  two;  uipog,  a  part].  In 
biology,  bipartite. 

Dimethyl   Ketone.     See  Act 

Dimethylamin  [di-meth-ilr -am-in)  ['Vic,  two;  methyl, 
amin\,  N<  ,1 1-  A  non-toxic  ptomaine  found  in  putre- 
fying gelatin,  old  decomposing  yeast,  certain  varieties 
of  fish-decomposition,  etc. 

Dimethylarsin  fKdi-meth-il-ar/-sin).     See  Cacodyl. 

Dimethylphenylene-green.  See  Pigm  nts,  Conspec- 
tus of. 

Dimetria     (di-me' '-tre-ali)      [Sig,    doubli  l~pa,    the 

womb].       The  condition  of  having  a  double  womb. 

Dimidiate  (di-mid'-t  at)  [di,  apart;  medius,  middle]. 
In  biology,  divided  into  halves,  or  represented  by  one 
half  only  ;  one-sided.  Applied  to  an  anther  whose 
lobes  are  widely  separated  by  a  broad  connective,  or 
to  animals  that  are  male  on  one  side  and  female  on 
the  other. 

Diminished  Breathing.      See  Breath-sounds. 

Dimorphism  \di-morf  -izm)  [rf/'c,  double  ;  im, ,<.,/,.  form]. 
The  property  of  assuming  or  of  existing  under  two 
distinct  forms. 

Dimorphous  [di-morf' -us)  [rftc,  double  ;  uopoi],  form]. 
In  chemistry,  having  the  quality  of  two  forms  of 
crystallization.  In  biology,  existing  in  two  form-, 
as  individuals  of  the  same  species  that  differ  in 
form,  structure,  size,  or  color. 

Dimple  [dhn'-pl)  [AS.,  dynf\.     A  slight  depression. 

Dingee  [din'-ge).     Synonym  of  Dengue. 

Dingler's  Green.      See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of 

Dinic,  Dinical  {din'-ik,  or  din'-ik-al)  [Sivog,  whirl]. 
Pertaining  to  or  useful  in  the  relief  of  vertigo. 

Dinitrobenzene  (di-ni-tro-ben,-zen)  [di,  two;  nitrum, 
niter;  benzene],  C6H4(N02)2.  One  of  the  ingredients 
of  Roburite,  q.v. 

Dinner  Pills.  A  name  applied  to  various  mild  cathartic 
pills  taken  after  meals.      See  Lady  Webster  Pill. 

Dinomania  [din-o-ma' -ne-ah)  [divog,  a  whirling  dance  ; 
fiavia,  mania].      Dancing-mania.      Choromania,  q. 

Dinus  (di'-nus)  [iYivoc,  whirl].      Vertigo  or  dizziness. 

Dioecious  (di-e/-shus).      See  Diecious. 

Diogenes'  Cup.      See  Poculum  diogenis. 

Diogmus  (di-og,-mus)  [Siuy/idg,  a  chase].  Palpitation 
of  the  heart. 

Dionaea  (di-o-ue'-ah)  [Aiuvjj,  Dione].  A  genus  of 
plants.  D.  muscipula,  a  plant  of  the  Sundew  family, 
growing  in  the  Carolinas;  Venus's  fly-trap.  It  cap- 
tures and  feeds  upon  various  insects,  and  i-;  said  to 
contain  droserin  and  azerin,  the  same  digestive  fer- 
ments that  occur  in  Drosera,  </.:■.     Unof. 

Dionym  (di'-o-nim)  [Sig,  two;  bw/ia,  name].  A  name 
consisting  of  two  words,  as  medulla  oblongata;  corpus 
callosum. 

Diophthalmus  {di-off-thaV -mus).     See  Diprosopus. 

Diopsimeter    (di-op-sim/ -et-er)    [Siml/ir,    clear    vision ; 
rpov,  a  measure].      An  instrument  for  exploration  of 
the  visual  field. 

Diopter  [di-op'-ter).     See  Dioptry. 

Dioptometer  (di-op-tom'  -ef-er) .     Same  as  Optometer. 

Dioptometry  [di-oh-tom,-et-re)  [Sumriip,  a  watchman  ; 
iii-iinv,  a  measure].  The  measurement  of  the  accom- 
modative and  refractive  states  of  the  eye. 


I»I«  'ITKAI. 


376 


DIPHYCER<    \I 


Dioptral  watchman]      Pertain- 

ing >trj  ;   i-  n  dioptric  s. 

Dioptre 

Dioptric  through  ; 

i.   Pertaining  to  transmitted  and  refracted  light 
A 

Dioptrics  .  i"  seel. 

A  bran  lion  of  light 

bj  transparent  i  bj  the  media  of  the 

Dioptrv  to    see]. 

The  m  1   unit   of   measurement 

...-)  spherical  1 1 > i - 
dioptry  :.  al  distance  of  one 

in.  •  tries,  .i  focal  distance  of  one- 

hall'  .1  ii.  U-lenses. 

Diorthos.-  [,!<<j.  throughout;  bpd6t     .  t>> 

■n].      I  he  surgical  correction  of  a  deformity, 
or  i  .in  injur] 

Diorthotic  [did,  throughout ;   bpddeiv,  to 

•  >r  effecting  a  diorthosis. 
Dioscorea  .;//)     [Dioscorides,    a    fam.>u- 

■I    an.l    botanist].      Wild    Vam,   Colic 
of  D.  villosa,  a  creeping-plant, 
in.:  stem  U.  S.     It  is  claimed  to  be  ex- 

int,  diapb  ind  stimulant  to  the  intestinal 

al,    in  causing  neuralgic    pains  and 

ut.      It  is  used  successfully  for  bilious 
D.,    Fid.    Ext.,    of  standard    strength,    dose 
rr\_\v-.w\.     Unof. 
Dioscorein  i  it '-. i  ■ko'-re-in)    [Dioscorides,  a  Greek  bot- 
anist].     A  precipitate  from  a  tincture  of  the  root  of 
lr    i-  antispasmodic,  expectorant, 
and  tic.      Dose  5^  to  4  grains.      Unof. 

Diosma  [dtoc, divine;  6a/i^,  odor].    Buchu. 

Diosmin  divine;  offfiij,  odor].      An 

ibtained  from  various  species  of  Buchu. 
It  is  .  bitter  substance.     Unof. 

Diosmosis  Same  as  Osmosis. 

Diotic  .  car].      Binaural  ; 

th  ears. 
Dioxid      it    ks'-id)    [die,  twi  -harp].      An  oxid 

and  one  of  a  metal. 
Dipentene  '  ,0H,g.     Cinene ;  a  compound 

.  camphor,  and  limonene 

It   1-  present   in    the    Russian    and 

til.      It  is  a  Liquid  with  an  agree- 

ab'  g]     .  ,.s;  5  ;    boils   at    1 75  — 

Dipetalous  [dtc,  two;  .  a  leaf  ]. 

Dipheny  .  purple  red],  Ci- 

ting Ire  .111  the  action  of  sodium 
ether  or  benzene. 
It  1  itallizes  from  ah 

1-.  melting  at  71'  I 

D. -methane,  ( ',,1 1,.-     Benzyl 

!  from  benzyl  chlorid 

uble  in  alcohol  and  ether, 

-    in  needles. 

■ 

Diphenylamin  ,.,,/.•    amiri\, 

'  1  in  the  dry  distilla- 

inilin  blue.  ;  it  is 

■  !  anilin  to 
m pound, 
i  mo 

D.  Orange. 
Diphenylol 


obtained  by  diazotizing  amido  dipheny]  sulphate.     It 

sublime^   in    shining   leaflets,  nicking   at   1050  ('.,  and 
boiling  at  .i°5-'s°  C. 

Diphosphate  it-id)  [di,  twice  ;   phosphorus]. 

Any  phosphatid  containing  the  phosphorized  radical 
twice  (such  irin).       Diphosphatids  exist  in  the 

ain-substance  and  in  other  animal  tissues. 

Diphtheria  [dif-,  or  dip-the* '-re-ah)  [dupdepa,  a  skin  or 
membrane].  An  acute,  epidemic,  infectious  disease, 
generall)  regarded  as  ol  specific  contagious  origin, 
attacking  especially  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  air- 
passages,  and  producing  profound  depression  of  the 
vital  forces.  It  is  characterized  specifically  by  the 
formation  of  layers  of  whitish  oryellowish  membrane 
upon  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  pharynx, 
nose,  and  larynx,  and  upon  any  existing  cutaneous 
abrasion.  The  duration  of  the  disease  is  from  one  to 
two  weeks,  death,  when  it  follows,  occurring  usually 
within  a  week.  There  are  certain  grave  sequehe 
that  must  be  noted;  chief  among  these  are  various 
forms  of  paralysis,  especially  of  the  palate.  The 
prognosis  is  always  grave.  To  stain  the  microorgan- 
isms of  diphtheria  see  Loffler's  Method,  Gram's 
Mr/hod, — a  fragment  of  false  membrane  being  spread 
on  a  cover-glass,  dried,  and  otherwise  treated  as  a 
cover-glass  preparation.  D.,  Antitoxin  Treatment 
of,  the  treatment  of  diphtheria  with  subcutaneous  in- 
jections of  the  blood-serum  of  animals,  and  more  es- 
pecially the  horse,  rendered  immune  to  diphtheria  by 
previous  and  repeated  inoculation  with  progressively 
increasing  doses  of  the  toxic  products  of  the  bacillus 
diphtheric  D.  circumscripta,  a  peculiar  form  of 
diphtheria  described  by  Barrett,  in  which  a  distinct 
circumscribed  slough  appears  on  one  tonsil,  and  death 
often  results.  D.,  Cutaneous,  a  form  involving  abra- 
sions of  the  skin.  D.,  Gangrenous,  a  gangrene  of 
the  skin  and  mucous  membrane  sometimes  accompany- 
ing diphtheria.  D.,  Laryngeal,  a  form  involving  the 
larynx,  threatening  death  by  suffocation .  D.,  Malig- 
nant, a  very  fatal  form,  beginning  with  rigor,  vomit- 
ing, and  attended  with  typhoid  symptoms.  D.,  Nasal, 
a  form  in  which  the  diphtheritic  membrane  spreads  to 
the  nasal  passages,  and  is  accompanied  by  a  fetid. 
brown  discharge.  D.,  Secondary,  a  term  designating 
the  occurrence  of  the  disease  in  association  with  other 
acute  affections,  such  as  typhoid  fever,  scarladna,  etc 
D.,  Paraffin  Treatment  of,  the  membrane  is  scraped 
or  peeled  off,  and  paraffin  is  applied  to  the  raw  surface 
every  hour  by  means  of  a  large  camel's  hair  brush. 

Diphtheric  {dif-ther' -ik)  [d/pflepa,  a  skin  or  mem 
brane].  Pertaining  to  diphtheria.  D.  Conjuncti- 
vitis, a  form  of  conjunctivitis  attended  with  an  infil- 
tration of  coagulable  matter  or  inflammatory  products. 
D.  Membrane,  the  pellicle  forming  on  the  parts 
involved  in  the  diphtheric  process.  D.  Paralysis,  a 
paralysis  frequently  affecting  the  muscles  of  the  soft 
palate  and  larynx,  after  tin-  healing  of  the  lesions  of 
e  parts. 

Diphtheritic  [dif-ther-iP-ik)  \ditydepa,  a  skin  or  mem- 
brane],    Same  as  Diphtheric,  q.\ 

Diphtheritis  [dif-ther-P-tis).     See  Diphtheria. 

Diphtheroid  [diff -ther-oid)  \6i<pBepa,  a  skin  or  mem- 
brane]. Resembling  diphtheria.  D.  Throat.  Syn- 
onym of  //  rpetic  Tonsilitis. 

Diphthongia  (dif-thon' '-je-ah)  [die,  double  ;  ffti, 
a  voir.].  The  production  of  a  double  tone  of  the 
voice  by  the  incomplete  unilateral  paralysis  ol  the  re- 
current nerve,  or  by  some  lesion  of  the  vocal  bands 
that  causes  each  portion  of  the  glottis  to  produce  its 
own  sound. 

Diphycercal    [dif-i-ser* -kal)    \pttyvf]c,    double  . 

tail].       In    biology,    applied   to   fishes   that    have   the 


DIl'IIVCKNIC 


377 


DIPSOSIS 


caudal  fin-rays  arranged  equally  above  and  below 
the  extremity  of  the  spinal  column. 

Diphygenic  [dif-i-gen'  ik)  [<5^v//c,  of  a  two-fold  nature 
or  form  ;  yevvav,  to  produce].  In  biology,  producing 
successively  two  sorts  of  embryos. 

Diphyllous  (cii-jil'-us)  [J/'c,  two;  tyv'A'Aov,  leaf].  In 
biology,  composed  of  two  leaves  or  sepals. 

Diphyodont  \diff -e-o-dont)  [dupv/'/c,  twofold;  ddovg, 
tooth].  In  biology,  having  two  sets  of  teeth,  as  the 
milk-teeth  and  the  permanent  teeth. 

Diplacusis  [dip-lak-u' '-sis)  \_Snr%6og,  double;  axovaig, 
hearing].  I.  The  hearing  of  a  tone  as  higher  by  one 
ear  than  by  the  other ;  called  D.  binauralis.  2.  The 
hearing  of  two  tones  by  one  ear,  when  only  one  tone 
is  produced  ;  called  D.  uniauralis,  or  D.  monauricu- 
/art's. 

Diplanetic  (di-plan-ct'-ik)  [J/c,  twice ;  Tr'/avriToq,  wan- 
dering]. In  biology,  applied  to  organisms  that  are 
tw'ce  active  with  an  intervening  period  of  qui- 
escence. 

Diplastic  (di-plas'-tik)  [J/c,  two;  -/.aaaetv,  to  form]. 
A  term  applied  to  cells  having  two  substances  in  their 
constitution. 

Diplegia  [di-pW -je-aK)  [rf/c,  double;  -?.r/yij,  stroke]. 
Coincident  paralysis  of  two  corresponding  parts,  as  of 
the  two  arms.      Double  or  bilateral  hemiplegia. 

Diplegic  (di-p/e'-Jik)  [r5/c,  double ;  ~'/a/yi/,  stroke].  Re- 
lating to  or  of  the  nature  of  diplegia. 

Dipleuric  [di-plu' -rik)  [<J/c,  two;  ir'Aevpd,  side].  In 
biology,  bilaterally  symmetric. 

Diplococcus  (dip-lo-kok'-us)  \_di-\6oq,  double  ;  kokko^, 
kernel].  A  micrococcus  whose  spherules  are  joined 
two  and  two.      See  Micrococcus  and  Bacteria. 

Diplocoria  (dip-lo-ko'  -re-ah)  [Sltvaoo^,  double  ;  ndpr/, 
pupil].      That  state  in  which  the  pupil  is  double. 

Diploe  {dip'-lo-e)  [ihn?,oi/,  a  fold].  The  cellular  osse- 
ous tissue  between  the  tables  of  the  skull. 

Diploetic  (dip-lo-et'-ik)  [Si-'/.oi/,  a  fold].  Relating  to 
the  diploe  ;   diploic. 

Diplogenesis  (dip-lo-jen' '-es-is)  [_(h-r?.6oq,  double  ;  yeveaiq, 
production].  The  development  of  a  double  or  twin 
monstrosity. 

Diploic  [dip-lo'  -ik)  [_6tTv?.oij,  a  fold].  Pertaining  to  the 
diploe. 

Diploma  {dip-lo' -mah)  [diir'Aufia,  a  diploma].  A  doc- 
ument granted  by  an  authorized  body  of  men,  show- 
ing that  the  recipient  has  performed  certain  work  under 
the  prescribed  conditions,  and  is  entitled  to  a  definite 
professional  rank  and  title. 

Diplomyelia  (  dip-lo-tni-e' '-le-ah  )  [  SmAooq,  double  ; 
fivs?Mc,  marrow].  An  apparent  doubleness  of  the 
spinal  cord,  produced  by  a  longitudinal  fissure. 

Diplophony  (dip-loff'-o-ne)  [di-Mog,  double ;  ©wry, 
voice].     Same  as  Diphthongia. 

Diplophonia  (dip-lo-fo'-tte-ah)  [ov-P.oor,  double;  o<  ■  \ , 
voice],  A  rare  symptom  of  laryngeal  disease  in 
which  a  double  note  is  produced  in  the  larynx.  It  is 
stated  by  Gottstein  to  occur  in  some  cases  of  paraly- 
sis, or  when  a  small  tumor  is  situated  so  that  on  pho- 
nation  it  lies  between  the  vocal  band-.  Cf.  Diph- 
thongia. 

Diplopia  {dip-lo* -pe-ah)  [ih-/6or,  double  ;  btfiig,  sight]. 
Double  vision,  one  object  being  seen  by  the  eye  or  eyes 
as  two.  D.,  Binocular,  the  most  frequent,  is  due  to 
a  derangement  of  the  muscular  balance,  the  images  oi 
the  object  being  thereby  thrown  upon  non-identical 
points  of  the  retinae.  D.,  Crossed,  or  D.,  Heter- 
onymous, the  result  of  divergent  strabismus,  the 
image  of  the  right  eye  appearing  upon  the  left  side, 
and  that  of  the  left  eye  upon  the  right  side.  D., 
Direct,  or  D.,  Homonymous,  the  reverse  of  Crossed 
D.,due  either  to  paralysis  of   the  external  rectus  or 


over-action  of  tin-  internal  rectus.  D.,  Physiologic, 
that  produced  when  an  imperfect  image  is  seen  beyond 
or  within  the  distance  of  tin-  object  accommodated  for 
and  transfixed  by  the  visual  axes.  D.,  Monocular, 
or  D.,  Uniocular,  diplopia  with  a  single  eye,  usually 
due  to  polycoria  or  other  imperfections  of  the  media. 

Diplopic  (dip-lo'  -pik)  \6tir7i6o  ,  double;  bipiq,  sight]. 
Relating  to  or  affected  with  diplopia. 

Diplopiometer  {dip-lo-pe-om' -et-er)  \8tir7u6ogt  double; 
61/xc,  sight;  fierpov,  measure].  An  instrument  tor 
measuring  the  degree  of  double  vision. 

Diploplacula  {dip-lo-plak/-u-lah\  [<)/-'/</oc,  double ; 
irXdfj,  a  tablet  or  plate].  In  biology,  a  placula  or 
discoid  embryo  composed  of  two  layers  of  cells. 

Diplostemonous  {dip-lo-stem' -o-nus)  [6m'/.6oc,  double  ; 
ori/iicjv,  a  thread].  In  biology,  applied  to  a  flower  in 
which  the  stamens  are  double  the  number  of  sepals  and 
petals. 

Diploteratography  (dip-lo-ter-al-og' -ra-fe)  [SarMog, 
double;  repac,  a  monster;  ypdipetv,  to  write].  A 
term  used  by  Fisher  to  denote  the  description  and 
diagnosis  of  special  forms  of  double  monsters. 

Diploteratology  (dip-lo-ter-at-ol'-o-je)  [(Utz'auuc,  double; 
repaq,  a  monster;  "kdyog,  science].  The  science  of 
twin  monstrosities. 

Dippel's  Animal  Oil.  <  Ileum  cornu  cervi ;  a  pyrolig- 
neous  oil,  containing  ammonium  carbonate,  amin>, 
and  aromatic  compounds.  It  is  obtained  in  distilling 
bone  and  deer's  horn.  It  is  antispasmodic  and  stimu- 
lant,     Unof. 

Dipropargyl  (di-pro-par' '-/// ),  CfiHH.  One  of  the  hydro- 
carbons ;  a  mobile  liquid,  of  penetrating  odor,  isomeric 
with  benzene  ;  it  boils  at  S50  C. ;  its  specific  gravity  at 
l8°  C.  equals  o.Sl.  If  allowed  to  stand  or  if  heat  be  ap- 
plied to  it,  dipropargyl  polymerizes  and  becomes  thick 
and  resinous. 

Diprosopia  (di-pro-so'-pe-ah)  [fJ/c>  double  ;  ■xp6cu~ov, 
face].      In  teratology,  the  duplication  of  the  face. 

Diprosopus  [di-pros' -o-ptis)  [6iq,  double  ;  Trpoau-nv, 
face].  A  monster  characterized  by  a  duplicity  of  the 
face  and  head,  frequently  associated  with  hydroceph- 
alus, acrania,  defective  development  of  the  brain, 
and  spina  bifida.  The  diprosopi  have  been  classified 
as  follows:  I.  Diprosopus  diophthalmus.  2.  D.  dis- 
tort! us.  "  Fisher  has  described  the  tirst  case  of  dipro- 
sopus diophthalmus,  or  distornus,  reported  in  English.  " 
There  was  anencephalus,  a  broad  duplex  nose,  two 
mouths,  one  oral  cavity,  two  tongues.  3.  D.  trioph- 
thalmus.  In  this  variety  there  are  three  eyes,  often 
with  other  deformities  of  the  face  and  head,  such  as 
acrania,  hare  lip,  and  cleft-palate.  4.  D.  tetrophthaJ- 
i/ius.  In  this  variety  the  differentiation  of  the  two 
faces  is  further  advanced,  but  there  are  still  but  two 
ears.  There  are  present  four  eyes.  5.  D.  triotus.  In 
this  variety  there  are  usually  four  eyes  and  always  three 
ears.  6.  D.  tetrotus.  In  this  variety,  the  intermediate 
stage  between  diprosopus  and  dicephalus,  there  are 
four  eyes  and  four  ears,  with  considerable  duplicity  in 
the  cervical  region.  This  is  an  extremely  rare  condi- 
tion in  the  human  race. 

Dipsesis  [dip  [Aiipt/atg,  thirst].     Extreme  thirst. 

Dipsetic  {dip-set'-ik)  \pvtyi(Tui&s,  causing  thirst].  Caus- 
ing or  attended  with  thirst. 

Dipsomania  [dip-so-ma* '-ne-ah)  [Alifta,  thirst  ;  uavia, 
madness].  The  uncontrollable  desire  for  spirituous 
liquors.     This  is  generally  considered  as  a  disease. 

Dipsomaniac  (dip-so-maf -nc-ak)  \6h\>a,  thirst;  fiavia, 
madness].     A  person  affected  with  dipsomania. 

Dipsopathy  [dip-sop' -a-the)  [Siipa,  thirst;  -ulhc,  affec- 
tion]. Any  disease  depending  upon  or  related  to 
alcoholic  excess. 

Dipsosis  (dip- so' -sis).      See  Dipsesis. 


DIPTERi  H  ARPl  S 


:;:- 


DISEASE 


Dipterocarpus  two 

winged  ,  .  lrmt].     A  genus  of  trees,  mostl)  S 

Asiatic.     D 

oil  or  gurjun  balsam. 
Dipterous  .  wing].      In 

■  I. 

Dipt<  .1  wing].      A 

us  of  leguminous  in  i  -      D.  odorata,  the  tree  that 

luces  tin-  l'.'iik.i 

Dipygus  .double;  buttocks].     A 

monstrosit)  with  mi  -  duplication  of  the  pelvis 

.111' I   lo'.v 

Dircu  •        .   i  fountain  near  rhebes],      A 

gei  D.  palustris,   wicopy, 

a   \     American  thyme 
rith  the  properties  of  mezereon.      li  is 
tic  practice  for  dyspepsia  and 
hemii  rania.      L  i 
Direct  .    straight].       In   a  right    or 

ight    line.       D.    Current.      See    Current.      D., 
Image  D.    Ophthalmoscopy.     See 

D.   Vision,  the   perception   of  an 
of  which  falls  upon  the  maculae. 
Direction  un)   [di  .   to  direct].       Rela- 

ti\  insidered   without  regard   to  linear  dis- 

tance.     D. -spindle,   a  fusiform  body  of  the  ovula, 
tching  from  the  germinal  vesicle  toward  the  surface. 
Director  .-,   to  guide].     Anything 

thai  D.,    Grooved,  an   instrument 

guide  the  knife  in  surgical  operations. 
Dirigomotor    [dir-ig  r)     [dirigere,    to   direct; 

.  a  mover].     Causing  or  involving  motion  and 
at  the  same  time  direi  ting  that  motion  to  an  end. 
Dirt     :  '.')  [ME.,  drit\      Excrement;  feces.     D. -eat- 
ing.    See  Chth  ia  and  Geophagism. 
Dis    [8ic,    twice].       A    prefix    used  to   denote  two  or 

'       .   l  prefix  to  denote  apart  from. 
Disaccharids  [di-sak'-ar-ids).      See  Carbohydrates. 
Disarthral  it^-thral)  [dig,  twice  ;  apdpov,  a  joint]. 

•  muscles  that  pass  over  two  joints,  e.g.,  the 
tri' 
Disarticulation  tik-u-ta' -shun  )     [dis,    apart ; 

Amputation    in    the    contiguity 
;rt  or  at  a  joint. 
Disassimilation  im-il-a' -shun)  [disassimilatio']. 

In  ophthalmology,   the  decomposition  of  visual   sub- 
I  ina. 
Disassociation  [dis-as-o-se-a' 'shun)   [dis,    apart;  asso- 
f,  to  unite  with].      In    chemistry,  the  decomp 

and  by  beat,  the  molecules    reuniting 
ival  of  the  heat. 
Disc  a  quoit  or  round  plate] .   A  cir- 

cul  m  or  body,  especially  the  papilla  of 

th<  ive  into  the  eye- 

Is  with  that  of  the  blind  spot. 
1"  i    instrument  in   the  form  of  a  disc, 

id  paper,  for  fin 

illings  on  surface-  th.      D.,  Blood. 

D. -carrier,  an    instrument  ap- 

f  ir  the  better  application 

indum  di  th.     D.,  Choked.     See 

D.,  Corundum.     A  device  used  in  den 

away  a  portion  ; 
''  '  and  applied  by  means 

: -tin.  nl     and 

I  angle  with  the  shaft 

D.,  Cupping  of.  xtion 

D.,  Germinal,  the  small  disc 

.  in    whii  h    the    in  si 

D.,  Hypermetropic, 

in  hyperme- 

D.,  Proligerous 


Discharge  {dis-charjf)  [ME.,  dischargen,  to  unload]. 
Any  evacuation  ;  thai  which  is  evacuated.  See  also 
Pigments,  Colors  and  Dyestuffs. 

Discharger  (r//.v'-<7/<//'-/',';).     See  Electric. 

Discharging  (dis-cAarf'-tng)  [Ml...  dischargen,  to  on- 
load]. Unloading,  flowing  out,  as  pus,  etc.  D. 
Centers,  nerve  centers  whence  emanate  influences 
which,  according  to  the  structures  at  the  other  ends 
the  nerves  connected  with  them,  may  cause  move 
i units  (muscles),  secretion  (gland  i,  01  o  infraction  ol 
-els.  D.  Lesion,  a  brain-lesion  thai  causes  sudden 
discharges  of  nervous  motor  influent 

Disciferous  [dis-if/-er-us)[discus,  a  disc  \ferre,  to  hear]. 
In  biology,  disc  bearing. 

Discifloral  \dis' -if-lo-ral)  [discus,  a  disc  ;  jlos  (Jlor),  a 
flower].  In  biology,  applied  to  su<h  flowers  as  have 
the  receptacle  expanded  into  a  conspicuous  disi 

Discissio  cataractse.     See  Discission. 

Discission  {dis-ishf -un)  [discissio;  discindere,  to  tear  or 
cut  apart].  I,  Bilateral  incision,  as  of  the  cervix 
uteri.     2.   An  operation  for  cataract.     See  Cataract. 

Discoblastula     [dis-ko-blasf -tu-lah)     [dionoc,    a    disc ; 
7 '<■■'"'».',  a  germ].     In  embryology,  theblastula  result 
ing  from  the  development  of  a  discomorula. 

Discocarp    UHsf -ko-karf)    [rJ/rwcoc,  a   disc  ;    Kapnd 
fruit].      In    biology,  applied    to   those  fruits  in  which 
the  expanded  receptacle  encloses  the  seeds  or  achenia  ; 
also  the  same  as  Apothecium. 

Discocytula  [dis-ko-sitf  u-laK)  [8iono(,  a  disc  ;  d  n 
cell].      In  embryology,  the  cytula  resulting    from    the 
reformation  of  a  nucleus  in  a  discomonerula. 

Discodactyl  {dis-ko-dak1 '-til)  [8'uskdc,  a  disc  ;  6&ktv2.oc, 
a  finger].      In  biology,  applied  to  those  animals  [e 
toads  and  frogs)  the  ends  of  whose  toes  are  provided 
with  disc-like  dilatations. 

Discogastrula  [dis-ko-gas' '-tru-lah)  [8ioKoc,  a  disc; 
;  aarfip,  belly  ;  gastrule,  a  two-layered  germ-cup].  The 
gastrula  resulting  from  discoid  egg-cleavage  or  discoid 
segmentation  of  the  yolk. 

Discoid  or  Discoidal  {dis,-koid,  dis-koi' -dal)  [6ioko<  .  a 
disc].     Somewhat  disc-shaped. 

Discomonerula  [dis-ko-mo-ner'-u-lak)  [SIokdc,  disc; 
fiovijpTjg,  solitary].  In  embryology,  a  disc-like 
monerula  of  a  meroblastir  ovum. 

Discomorula  (liis-ko-moi'  -n/a/i)  [SlaKOt ,  a  disc;  morula, 
dim.  of  morion,  a  mulberry].  In  embryology,  a  disc- 
like morula  of  a  meroblastic  ovum. 

Discrete  {Jis-kref ')  [discretus,  separated].  A  term 
applied  to  exanthematous  eruptions  in  which  the 
pustules  or  papules  remain  distinct.  The  opposite  of 
confluent. 

Discus  (dis'-kui)  [SIokoc,  a  disc].  A  disc.  D.prolig- 
erus,  the  elevated  cells  of  the  membrana  granulosa  of 
the  ovum,  whereby  the  ovum  is  attached. 

Discussion  {dis-kush*  un)  [discussio~\.  The  scattering 
or  driving  awayofa  swelling,  effusion,  or  tumor. 

Discutient    {dis-ku' -shent)    [discutere,  to  shake  apart]. 
1.   Capable  of  effecting  res,  ,11111011  or  discussion.     2. 
A   medicine  supposed  to  have  the  power  of   scattei 
ing  or  discussing  a  swelling. 

Disdiaclast  [dis-di' '-ak-last)  [rftc,  double  ;  81&,  through  ; 

ix'/i'iur,  to    break    down],        An\   one  of  the  (suppo 
small     doubly  refractive    elements    in    the    contractile 
discs   changing    its    position   during  muscular  contrac- 
tion and  relaxation. 
Disease  ')    [dis   negative;   ease,  a   state  of  rest]. 

\  condition  of  the  bodj  marked  by  inharmonious 
action  of  one  or  more  of  the  various  organs,  owing  to 
abnormal  condition  or  structural  change.  A  Table  of 
I '  ■  i  named  after  men  who  have  described  or  have 
•  1  tally  studied  them  is  appended.  D.,  Acute,  a 
disease  marked  by  raj. id  onsel  and  course.     D.,  Bad, 


DISENGAGEMENT 


379 


DISSEMINA1  ED. 


a  synonym  of  syphilis.     D.,  Bleeders',  synonym  of 
Hemophilia.     D.,  Chronic,  one  that  is    slow    in   its 

course.  D.,  Constitutional,  one  in  which  a  system 
of  organs  or  the  whole  body  is  involved.  D.,  Coarse, 
the  macroscopic  organic  lesions  in  a  disease*  D., 
Cretinoid.  See  Myxedema.  D.  of  Ditmarsch,  a 
form  of  endemic  syphilis  that  was  seen  in  Ditmarsi  h 
from  1762-1842.  D.,  Fatigue.  See  Fatigue.  D., 
Feigned,  the  wilful  simulation  of  disease  or  injury, 
through  malice  or  for  the  purpose  of  attaining  a 
desired  end.  D.,  Focal,  a  centrally  localized  dis 
of  the  nervous  system  as  distinguished  from  peripher- 
ally localized  affections.  D.,  Functional,  abnor- 
mality of  function  without  discoverable  organic  lesion. 
D.,  Grouse.  See  Grouse  Disease.  D.,  Idiopathic, 
one  that  exists  by  itself  without  any  connection  with 
another  disorder;  one  of  which  the  cause  is  unknown. 
D.,  Intercurrent,  a  disease  occurring  during  the  pro- 
gress of  another  of  which  it  is  independent.  D., 
Knife-grinder's,  chronic  catarrhal  bronchitis  met  with 
in  knife-grinders.  D.,  Pearl-worker's,  a  recurrent 
bone-inflammation,  with  enormous  hypertrophy  of  the 
bone,  seen  in  workers  in  pearl-dust.  D.,  Saint  Goth- 
ard,  a  synonym  of  Anchylostomiasis  or  Dochmiasis, 
a.  v.  D.,  Septic,  one  arising  from  the  putrefactive 
fermentation  of  some  foreign  substance  within  the 
body.  D.ofSiam.  Synonym  of  Yellow  Fever.  D., 
Specific,  one  caused  by  the  introduction  of  a  specific 
virus  or  poison  within  the  body;  also  a  synonym  of 
Syphilis.  D.,  Subacute,  one  more  protracted  and  less 
active  than  an  acute  disease.  D.,  Subchronic,  one 
less  protracted  than  a  chronic  disease,  but  more  pro- 
tracted than  an  acute  disease.  D.,  Symptomatic,  a 
disease  caused  by  or  connected  with  another  ailment 
of  the  body.  The  opposite  of  idiopathic  disease.  D., 
Zymotic,  a  term  used  to  include  the  whole  class  of 
germ-diseases,  or  those  arising  from  the  introduction 
and  multiplication  of  some  living  germ  within  the  body. 

Disengagement  {dis-en-gaj* '-ment)  [Fr. ,  desengager,  to 
disengage].  Emergence  from  a  confined  state  ;  espe- 
cially the  escape  of  the  fetus  from  the  vaginal  canal. 

Disfigurement  [dis-fig' -ur-ment)  [dis,  priv.;  Jigurare, 
to  fashion].      Blemish;  deformity. 

Disinfectant  {dis-in-fek' -tanf)  [dis,  neg. ;  inficere,  to 
corrupt].  An  agent  that  destroys  disease-germs  and 
noxious  properties  of  fermentation  and  putrefaction. 

Disinfection  {dis-in-fek'-shun)  [dis,  neg.  ;  inficere,  to 
corrupt].  The  destroying  of  disease-germs  by  means 
of  heat,  chemic  substances,  fumigation,  or  by  fresh 
air.  D.,  Ransom's  Apparatus  for,  a  method  of 
disinfection  by  means  of  dry  heat.  Washington 
Lyon's  Apparatus,  a  method  in  which  steam  is  em- 
ployed as  the  active  agent. 

Disinfectol  [dis-in-fek* '-tot)  [dis,  neg.  ;  inficere,  to  cor- 
rupt]. An  antiseptic  substance  analogous  to  creolin 
and  lysol.  It  is  used  in  the  form  of  a  two  to  live  per 
cent,  emulsion. 

Disinfector  {dis-in-fek' '-tor)  [dis,  neg.  ;  inficere,  to  cor- 
rupt].    An  apparatus  for  the  purpose  of  disinfection. 

Disintegrate  (dis-inf -te-grat)  [dis,  apart;  integer,  the 
whole].      To  break  up  or  decompose. 

Disinvagination  {dis-in-vaj-in-ar -shun  \  [dis, neg.  ;  in, 
in  ;  vagina,  a  sheath].  The  reduction  or  relief  of  an 
invagination. 

Disjoint  (dis-join/')  [disjoindre,  to  disjoin].  To  dis- 
articulate ;  to  separate,  as  bones,  from  their  natural 
relations. 

Disk.      See  Disc. 

Disklet  [disk' -let)  [ff/ff«oc,  a  disc].     A  little  disc. 

Dislocation  [dis-lo-kaf-shun)  [dis,  apart;  locare,  to 
place].  The  luxation  or  abnormal  displacement  of 
one  or  more  bones  of  a  joint,  or  of  any  organ  from  its 


natural  position.  D.,  Complete,  tin-  bones  entirely 
separated.  D.,  Compound,  tin-  coverings  of  the 
joint     ruptured,       D.,    Consecutive,    the    displai 

li ■   i-   nol    in  '<   as  when  originally 

misplaced.  D.  of  Eyeball,  displai  ementofthe  eyeball 
outside  of  the  lid-.  D.  of  Lens,  the  crystalline  leu-, 
thrown  out  ..1  its  capsule,  or  misplaced  so  thai  it  • 
n.it  occupy  u-  prupci-  position  In-hind  the  pupil.  D., 
Old,  inflammatory  changes  having  ensued.  D., 
Partial,  or  Incomplete,  the  articulating  -.urfaces  re- 
maining in  partial  contact  ;  called,  also,  Subluxation. 
D.,  Primitive,  the  bones  remaining  as  originally 
displaced.  D.,  Recent,  no  inflammatory  changes 
having  ensued.  D.,  Simple,  without  laceration  of 
the  surrounding  parts.  Diastasis,  dislocation  of  an 
amphiarthrotic  joint ;  also  a  separation,  as  of  the  parts 
of  a  muscle,  or  of  the  epiphysis  <>i  a  bone  from  the 
diaphysis. 

Disorder  (dis-or/-der).      See  Pi  ease. 

Disorganization     (dis-or-gan-iz-a1 '-shun)     [dis,  priv.  ; 
anizare,  to  organize].      Destruction  or  loss  of  or- 
ganic   structure ;     complete    pathologic    or    traumatic 
change  in  the  minute  structure  of  any  tissue. 

Disparate  {ciis'-par-at)  [dispar,  unequal].  Not  alike  ; 
unequal  or  unmated.  D.  Points,  non-identical 
points  of  the  two  retinae.  Diplopia  is  produced  when 
the  images  of  a  single  object  fall  upon  such  points. 

Dispareunia  [dis-par-oor-ne-ah).      See  Dyspareunia. 

Dispensary  (dis-pens'-ar-e)  [dispensare,  to  distribute]. 
A  charitable  institution  where  medical  treatment  is 
given  the  poor  and  medicines  are  dispensed  on  pre- 
scription. 

Dispensatory  (dis-pens/-al-or-e)  [dispensatorium,  an 
apothecary's  diary].  A  treatise  on  the  materia  medica, 
and  the  composition,  effects,  and  preparation  of  medi- 
cines. 

Dispensing  (dis-pcns'-incf)  [dispensare,  to  weigh  out]. 
The  measuring,  weighing,  and  issuing  of  the  drugs 
ordered  in  a  prescription. 

Dispersion  {dis-per* -shun)  [dispersio;  dispersus,  scat- 
tered].  The  resolution,  discussion,  or  scattering  of 
an  inflammation  or  other  morbid  condition.  In  phys- 
ics, the  separation  of  a  ray  of  white  light  into  colored 
rays ;  also,  any  scattering  of  light,  as  that  which  has 
passed  through  ground  glass. 

Dispirem  [di-spV -rem)  [dis,  two;  spira,  a  spiral]. 
In  embryology,  the  two  skeins  of  a  dividing  nucleus 
formed  from  the  nuclear  loops  and  giving  rise  to  the 
daughter  nuclei.  It  is  the  seventh  stage  of  Karyo- 
kinesis,  </.  t. 

Displacement  (dis-plds'-ment)  [Fr. ,  desplacer ,  to  dis- 
place]. A  putting  out  of  place  ;  applied  to  various 
organs,  as  the  uterus,  heart,  etc.  D.  of  Mortality. 
See  Cam  of  s  Doctrin  . 

Dispora  caucasica  {dis' -por-ah  ka-w-kas'-ik-ah).  See 
Bacillus  caucasicus,  under  Bacteria,  Synonymatic 
Tab  'e  of. 

Disposition  {dis-po-sish' '-un)  [dispositio,  an  arranging]. 
Tendency,  either  physical  or  mental,  to  certain  diseases. 

Dissection  [dis-ek' '-shun)  [dissectio,  re,  to  cut  up]. 

The  dUa-^ociation  and  exposition  by  means  of  incis- 
ions, cutting  apart,  etc..  of  the  organs  of  the  body,  foi 
purposes  of  scientific  study.  Dissecting  Aneurysm. 
Aneurysm.  Dissecting  Wound,  injury  during 
dissection,  with  consequent  introduction  of  septic 
material.  It  may  become  constitutional  and  result  in 
septicemia,  or  it  may  take  the  form  of  warts,  Verruca 
a  rogenica.  The  sore  resulting  directly  from  the  prick 
or  abrasion  is  called  Post-mortem  pustule. 

Disseminated  [dis-em/-in-a-ted)  [disseminare,  to  scat- 
ter seed].  Scattered;  spread  over  a  large  area.  D. 
Sclerosis.      See    Insular  Sclerosis. 


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Chronic  mucous  discharge. 

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Tay's  choroiditis. 

Thomsen's  disease. 
See    Thomsen's   Dis- 
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Dissemination  {dis-em-in-a' -shun)  [dis,  apart;  setnin- 
,  to  sow].     The  scattering  or  dispersion  of  disease 
<  >r  disease  germs. 

Dissepiment    (dis-ep'-e-menf)    [dis,    apart ;    sapire,  to 
dge  in].     A  partition,  septum,  or  diaphragm. 

Dissipation  [dis-ip-a' 'shun)  [dissipare,  to  scatter] .  A 
dispersion  of  matter  or  of  the  morbid  conditions  that 
caiw  disease. 

Dissociation  (dis-so-se-a'-shun)  [dis,  apart ;  sociare,  to 
associate].  In  physiology,  the  separation  of  the  com 
ponent  elements  of  a  compound.  In  chemistry,  the 
decomposition  of  a  compound  by  means  of  high  tem- 
perature D.  Symptom,  anesthesia  to  pain  and  to 
a  and  cold,  with  preservation  of  tactile  sensibility 
I  of  the  muscular  sense ;  it  is  observed  in  syrii 
myelia. 

Dissolution  (dis-o-lu* -shun)  [dissolution  dissolvere,  to 
set  free].  A  solution  of  the  continuity  of  a  part.  De- 
composition arising  from  the  death  of  the  body  or  its 
parts  ;   death. 

Dissolvent  [diz-ol' -vent)  [dissolvere,  to  loosen,  dis- 
solve].     A  solvent. 

Dissonance  [disf -o-nans)  [dissononare,  to  disagree  in 
sound].  The  combination  of  such  tones  as  are  so  dif- 
ferent from  each  other  as  to  produce  beats. 

Distad  {dis'-tad)  [distare,  to  be  at  a  distance;  ad,  to]. 
In  the  direction  of  the  free  extremity  of  an  appendage 
or  part.      See  Position  and  Direction,   Table  of. 

Distal  [dis'-tal)  [distare,  to  be  at  a  distance].  At  the 
greatest  distance  from  the  trunk,  heart,  or  mesial  line. 
See  Position  and  Direction,  Table  of.  D.  Clot.  See 
Clot. 

Distally  (<lis'-tal-e)  [distare,  to  beat  a  distance].  Dis- 
tad. 

Distance  [dis/-tans)  [distantia,  distance].  The 
measure  of  space  between  two  objects.  D.,  Working, 
in  the  microscope,  the  distance  from  the  front  lens 
of  an  objective  to  the  object,  when  the  objective  is 
correctly  focused. 

Distemper  [dis-tem,-per)  [distemperare,  to  dissolve] .     I . 
Disease;     malady;     indisposition;     most    commonly 
applied  to  the  diseases  of  animals.     2.    A  disease  of 
young  flogs,  commonly  considered  as   a  catarrhal  dis 
order.      D.  Colors.     See  Pigments,  Colors,  and  D 
stitffs. 

Disten  [dis' -ten)  [distare,  to  be  at  a  distance].  Belong- 
ing to  the  distal  aspect  in  itself. 

Distention  [dis-ten' -shun)  [distendere,  to  stretch]. 
The  state  of  being  dilated. 

Distichiasis  [dis-tik-i' -as-is)  [Sig,  double;  ct/'joc,  a 
row].  The  condition  of  a  double  row  of  eyelashes, 
the  inner  rubbing  against  the  globe. 

Distichous  [dis/-lik-us)  [diart  %og,  having  two  rows]. 
In  biology,  in  two  perpendicular  rows;  applied  to  the 
arrangement  of  leaves  or  other  organs. 

Distillation  [dis-til-a' '-shun)  [destillarc,  to  drop  little 
l>v  little].  The  double  process  of  vaporization  and 
condensation  of  the  vapor.  Tlii-  is  used  mainly  in 
purifying  liquids  by  separating  them  from  non-volatile 
sub  D.,  Destructive,  the  decomposition  of 

a   substance   in  a  close  vessel  in  such  a  manner  ;^  to 
tin  liquid  products.     The  substances  that  are  sub- 
mitted to  destructive  distillation  are  in  the  main  solid-, 
as  wood,  coal,  shales,  bones,  and  animal  refuse.      D., 
Fractional,  a  process  of  decomposition    of  complex 
liquid  bodies  depending  upon  the  fact  that,  if  a  mixture 
liquids,  each  having  a  different    boiling-point,  be 
heated,  the  one  having  the   lowesl    boiling  point   will 
-  over  first,  and  if  the  temperature  is  not  increased 
beyond   that    point    at    which  the    distillation   of    this 
fraction  take-   place,  no  other   constituent    will   come 
over;   if   the   '    mperature    I"-  gradually  increased  the 


hisrociA 


393 


1»<  H   IMASV 


others  will  follow  in  the  order  of  thrir  boiling-points. 
In  cases  in  which  the  boiling-points  are  close,  the 
action  of  one  substance  upon  another  often  prevents 

exact  separations. 

Distocia  (dis-to* '-se-ah)  [Sig,  double;  rbitog,  birth]. 
1  (elivery  or  birth  of  twins. 

Distoma  uiis-to'-mah),  or  Distomum  (dis-to'-muin) 
[rf/c,  double ;  ard/ia,  a  mouth].  A  genus  of  trema- 
tode  worms.     See  Parasites  (Animal),  Table  of. 

Distomiasis     (dis-to-mi'-as-is)     [dig,    double  ;     ardfia, 
mouth].     The  symptoms  produced  by  th< 
certain  trematodes  or  tlukes  in  the  human  system. 

Distomum  (dis-to' -mum)  [Sig,  double;  ardfia,  mouth]. 
Same  as  Distoma.     See  Parasites  {Animal),  Tab! 

Distomus  {dis-to' -miis).     See  Diprosopus. 

Distortion  (dis-tor' '-s/iiui)  [distorquere,  to  distort].  I. 
A  twisted  or  bent  shape;  deformity  or  malformation, 
acquired  or  congenital.  2.  A  writhing  or  twisting 
motion,  as  of  the  face;   a  grimace. 

Distortor  oris  [dis-tor* '-ter  0' -ris)  [1..,  "  the  distortor  of 
the  mouth  "  ].  The  zygomaticus  minor  muscle.  See 
Muscles,  Table  of. 

Distribution  (dis-trib  u'-shun)  [distribuere,  to  distri- 
bute]. The  branching  of  a  nerve  or  artery,  and  the 
arrangement  of  its  branches  within  those  parts  that  it 
supplies. 

Distrix  (dis'-triks)  [rS/c,  two;  Opii;,  hair].  The  splitting 
of  the  distal  ends  of  the  hair. 

Disulphate  (di-suP -faf)  [</w,  two ;  sulphur].  In  chem- 
istry, an  acid  sulphate. 

Bisulphone  (di-suP-fon)  \_dis,  double;  sulphur]. 
One  of  the  solid,  crystalline,  very  stable  compounds, 
produced  on  oxidizing  the  di-thio-ethers  or  thio-acetals 
with  a  permanganate  solution.  The  disulphones  are 
not  attacked  by  acids  or  alkalies. 

Disuse-amblyopia.     See  Argamblyopia. 

Disvulnerability  (dis-vul-ner-ab-iP -it-e)  [dis,  neg.  ; 
vulnerare,  to  wound].  The  power  of  abnormally 
rapid  recovery  from  wounds,  said  to  be  a  peculiarity 
of  many  criminals. 

Dita  Bark  (di'-tali)  [L.].  The  bark  of  Alstonia  scho- 
laris,  native  to  the  Philippine  Islands.  It  is  employed 
as  a  tonic  and  antiperiodic  in  intermittent  fever. 
Dose  of  the  tincture,  3  j-ij ;  of  the  fluid  extract,  gtt. 
ij-v  ;    of  the  powder,  gr.  v.     Unof. 

Ditain  ( dit' -a-iu)  [Dita],  C44H30N,O.  An  alkaloid  of 
Dita,  occurring  as  a  yellow  amorphous  substance. 

Ditamin  (diP-am-in).     Same  as  Ditain. 

Ditana  digitifolia  (dit-a'-nah  dij-it-if-or -le-ah)  [L. ]. 
A  Mexican  plant  said  to  possess  galactagogue  proper- 
ties. The  existence  of  such  a  plant  has  been  ques- 
tioned. 

Dithecal  (di-the/-kal)  [6ig,  two;  B^kt),  a  case].  In 
biology,  having  two  thec;e  or  anther-cells. 

Ditokus  (diP-o-kus)  [8i£,  two;  tekeiv,  to  bring  forth]. 
In  biology,  giving  birth  to  twins,  or  laying  two  egg-. 

Ditrichotomous    [di-trik-oP -o-mus)   [die,  two;    - 
threefold;    riumr,  to  cut].      In  biology,  divided  into 
twos  and  threes. 

Dittany  (diP-an-e)  [American].     See  Cunila  mariana. 

Dittel's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Dittopsia  [dit-topr" -se-ah).      Synonym  of  Diplopia. 

Dittrich's  Plugs.  Masses  of  granular  matter,  degene- 
rated epithelium,  and  crystals  of  the  fatty  acids  1  chiefly 
butyric  acid)  plugging  up  the  ends  of  the  bronchial 
tubes  in  cases  of  gangrene  of  the  lung.  They  are 
yellowish-brown  in  color,  of  very  fetid  odor,  and 
vary  in  size  from  a  millet-seed  to  a  bean. 

Diuresis   (di-u-re'-sis)   [pin,  through  :  ,  to  make 

water].      Abnormal  increase  in  the  secretion  of  urine. 

Diuretic    (di-u-reP -ik)   [Sua,  through  :  .  to  make- 

water].       I.    Increasing    the    flow    of   urine.       2.    A 


medicine   that    inci  the    secretion   and    flow   of 

urine. 

Diuretin  (di-u-re'-tin)    [dm,  through;  .  to  make 

water],'  -ll-\a.\u,.<  „H4OH<  OONa.     Theobromin 
sodio  salicylate,  containing  50  pei  0  nt.  of  theobromin 
salicylate.      It  ha-  been  found  useful  as  a  diureti 
pleuritic  effusion  and  cardiac  dropsy.      Dose  90  grain- 
daily,  in  15-grain  d'  1 

Diurnule  [di-urn'-Al  |  [It.].  \  form  of  medicinal  tablet 
that  contains  the  maximum  quantity  of  a  toxic  drug 
that  may  be  administered  to  an  adult  in  24  hours. 

Divagation  (di-vag-a' -shun)  [divagatio,  a  wandering]. 
Incoherence  of  speech  or  thought. 

Divalent     [dP-val-ent)     [dig,    twice;     valens,    having 
power].      Having  power  to  combine  with  two  m< 
valent    atoms,   as    a    chemic    compound.      Thus,   the 
oxygen  atom  and  the  radical  CH2  are  divalent. 

Divaricatio  palpebrarum  (di-var-ik-a'-she-o  pal-pe- 
bra'-rum).      Synonym  of  Ectropion. 

Divergent  {\di-ver/-jent )  [divergere,  to  diverge].  Mov- 
ing in  different  directions  from  a  common  point.  D. 
Strabismus.     See  Strabismus. 

Divers'  Disease.  An  affection  similar  to  Caisson- 
disease,  i].  v.,  common  in  deep-water  divers.  D. 
Paralysis.     See  Caisson-disease. 

Diverticulum  (di-ver-tik'-u-luni)  [divertere,  to  turn: 
//.,  Diverticula].  I.  A  small  cul-de-sac  or  pouch  ;  an 
offshoot  from  a  main  structure  ;  an  organ  supposed  to 
be  a  place  of  lodgment  for  superfluous  blood.  2. 
Variation  from  a  normal  structure ;  malformation. 
D.,  Meckel's,  a  sacculation  of  the  ileum,  owing  to 
the  non-obliteration  of  the  vitelline  duct. 

Divi-divi  (div,-e-div,-e)  [S.  Amer.].  The  seed-pods 
of  Ccesalpinia  coriaria,  a  small  tree  found  in  South 
America.  The  pods  are  about  three  inches  long, 
brownish  in  color,  and  generally  bent,  by  drying, 
into  the  shape  of  the  letter  S.  They  contain  30  to 
50  per  cent,  of  a  peculiar  tannin  somewhat  similar 
to  that  of  valonia,  but  liable  to  fermentation.  Thev 
are  used  in  leather-manufactures. 

Division  (div-iz)d  -un)  [diziisio,  a  dividing].  Surgical 
section  into  two  or  more  parts  ;  separation  into  two  or 
more  parts,  such  as  occurs  in  certain  cell-nuclei. 

Divulsion  (di-vuP-shun)  [divulsio,  a  tearing  apart]. 
The  surgical  or  traumatic  division  of  any  part  by  tear- 
ing it  asunder. 

Divulsor  (di-vuP-sor)  [L.].  Ati  instrument  for  effect- 
ing surgical  divulsion,  especially  of  a  urethral  stric- 
ture. 

Dizziness  (dizf-e-nes).     -See   Vert 

Dobell's  Spray,  or  Solution.  Liquor  sodii  boratis 
compositus  (N.  F.)  ;  a  solution  of  borax;  sodium  bicar- 
bonate, and  carbolic  acid  in  glycerin  and  water;  it 
is  valued  as  a  spray  for  nasal  and  throat  troubles. 

Dobie's  Line,  or  Stripe.     See  Lines,  Table  of . 

Dochmiasis  (dok-mi'-as-is)  [66xfuog,  crumpled].    The 
diseased  condition  caused  by  the  presence  in  the  I 
of  parasites  belonging  to  the  genus  Dochmius.      Cf. 
Ankyl   tomiasis. 

Dochmius  (dok'-me-us)  [S6x/uog,  crumpled].  In  biol- 
ogy, a  genus  of  thread-worm-  of  the  family  Strongy- 
lidse.     See  Parasites  (Animal),  Table  of  . 

Docimasia  [dos-im-af— se-ah)  [doiaftaaia ;  tioniuaZEiv, 
to  examine].  I.  Kxamination,  especially  a  posl 
mortem  examination.  2.  A  test,  especially  a  chemic 
test,  of  poison-.  3.  In  pharmacy,  the  testing  or 
assaying  of  medicines.  D.  pulmonum.  a  mode  of 
determining  whether  a  child  has  or  has  not  been  born 
alive,  by  examination  of  the  lungs. 

Docimastic  (dos-im-as/-tik)  [AoKiuaa'ta;  Soiuixd^eiv,  to 
examine].     Making  use  of  tests ;   testing;   proving. 

Docimasy  (dosf -im-as-e) .     See  Dositnasia. 


I  M  h  K 


394 


Dl  >RSIM1  SAL 


Dock 

Dockmackamus.  01  Dockmackie 

inal  ]       rhe  shrub 
\.   Km  rica;  used  in  dom  ictice  in 

poulticing  tumors,  and  as  an  alterative.     I  not. 
Doctor  ■']       A  teacher.      A 

title  conferred  b)  a  uni>  A  physician 

D.  Gum,  the  resin  ol 

.  uler- 

and  alterative.    The  name 
iriven  in  the  \N     1  various  other  soft  resins. 

Dodecadactylitis 

t„  inflammation].      In- 

flammation >>f  the  duodenum. 
Dodecadactylon.  .>r  Dodecadactylu  k-a-dak'- 

(inger].    The 
duodenum. 
Dodecagynous  twelve; 

.  having  twelve  pistils. 
Dodccamerous  twelve; 

ut].      In  biology,  having  the  floral  organs  in 

Dodecandrous  ■>".     twi 

male].      In    biology,  having   twelve 

Dodecapetalous  .twelve; 

|.     In  biology,  having  a  corolla  con- 

Doderlein,  Bacillus   of.     Si      Bacteria,  Synonymatic 

Dodging  Time.     The  popular  term  among  women   for 

itruation  of  varying  dura- 
stablishment  of  the  menopause. 
Dog-button 

Dogma  pinion;  ,  to  think]. 

A  r  taught  by  authority.     A    state- 

:  m--.ii.  .il  science. 
Dog-rose  ^ee  Rosa  canina. 

Dog  woo  I  a  nus. 

Dohrn's  Method.     A  method  of  dressing  the  umbilical 
stump  is  1  with  cotton  wool  lixed 

with    ^tum|w  of  adhesive   plaster.     This   dressing  is 
.  by  umbilical  ulceration. 
Dolabr.i  ['■•]■      A     name    applied    to 

D.    currens.     v<  >■    .  /    ia.     D. 
repens. 
Dolabriform  m)    [dolabra,    a    kind    of 

•].  In  biology, shaped  like  an  axe. 
•  eau's  Operation.  Table  of. 

Doliariin  [dolium,  a  cask] .    A  vegetable 

idin,  obtained  from  Fiats 
of    Brazil.      It    is  vermifuge, 
n  if. 
Doli  capax  L.  :  //. ,  Doli capaces\    In 

..f  guilt :   one  able  or  old 

.in. 1  wrong  ;  one  morally 

D.  incapax.onr  incapable,  or 

guish  wrong   from  right,  or  to 

rng  doing. 

Dolichocephalia  „,    long; 

oof  being  dolichocephalic. 
Dolichocephalic,  or  Dolichocephalous    [dol-ik-o 

or   cephalic 

i-  ..r  rai  ■ 

Dolichohieric  ,  long  ; 

Dolichopelli.  -  />„, 

I  vis. 


Dolor  [cUZ-lor)  [dolere,  to  feel  pain]       Bodily  or  mental 

pain  or  Suffering.       D.  colicus.      Synonym  of  Enter- 

ia.     D.  dentium,  pain    in  the  teeth.      See    Odon- 

ia.      Dolores    praesagientes,    precursory   pains 

felt  1>\  women  in  advance  of  labor. 

Domatophobia      {Jo-mat-o-fo'-bc-ah)     [<i<j//a,     house; 

.  fear].      Insane  dread   of  being  in  a  house;  a 

variety  of  claustrophobia. 

Donath's  Tests.    See  Tests,  Table  of.    D.  and  Mayr- 

hofer's  Test.     See  Tests,  Tabic  <>/'. 
Donda  Ndugu    [African].      Brother  Ulcer;   a  disease 
union     on    the    e.i-l    I  i  >.i   !    of    Africa,  due    to    some 

minute  organism  that  infests  stagnant  water  and  enters 
an  abraded   joint  ol  the  lowei  extremities,  especially 

of  the  lower  third  of  the  leg.  The  part  becomes 
swollen,  and  a  deep  seated  slough  occurs  that  burrows 
beneath  the  health)-  ti->ues.  heath  may  follow  from 
exhaustion  or  hemorrhage.  Those  who  recover  are 
generally  permanently  lamed. 

Donders'  Glaucoma.  See  Diseases,  Table  of.  D. 
Law.  See  Law.  D.  Schematic  Eye,  in  optics,  a 
device  for  calculating  the  path  of  the  rays  from  one 
refracting  surface  to  the  other.  D.  Theory,  a  theory 
of  the  formation  of  glaucoma,  in  which  the  disease  is 
supposed  to  originate  in  an  irritation  of  the  choroid 
nerves. 

Donegana's  Operation.     See  Operations,   Table  of. 

Donne's  Corpuscles,  or  Globules.  See  Globule  and 
Colostrum  Corpuscles.     D.  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Donovan's  Solution.     See  Arsenic. 

Doornick's  Horizontal  Line.     See  Line. 

Dorcadizant  [dor-kad/-iz-attt\  [dopicadUjetv,  to  leap  like 
a  gazelle  ;  SopK&g,  gazelle].  Leaping;  characterized 
by  leaps;   applied  to  certain  forms  of  insanity. 

Doremus's  Method.  A  method  of  estimating  the 
amount  of  urea  in  the  urine.  It  is  done  by  allowing 
the  urine  to  pass  through  a  solution  of  sodium  hypo- 
bromite  and  measuring  the  gas  that  is  evolved. 

Dorsad  (dor' -sad)  [dorsum,  the  hack].  Toward  the 
dorsal  aspect  ;  dorsally.  See  Position  and  Direction, 
Table  of. 

Dorsal  (dor'-saT)  [dorsum,  the  hack].  Pertaining  to 
the  back,  or  to  the  posterior  part  of  an  organ.  The 
term  Neural  is  sometimes  used  in  place  of  dorsal. 
See  Position  and  Direction,  Table  of.  D.  Artery.  See 
Artery.  D.  Decubitus,  recumbency  in  the  supine 
position.  D. -elevated  Position.  See  Postures, 
'Table  of.  D.  Nerves.  See  Nerves,  Table  of.  D.- 
recumbent  Position.  See  Postures,  Table  of.  D. 
Reflex.  See  Reflexes,  Table  of.  D.  semi-recumb- 
ent Posture.      See  Postures,  Table  of. 

Dorsalis  pedis  [dor-sa'-lis  pe/-dis).  See  Arteries, 
Table  of. 

Dorsen  (dor'-sen)  [dorsum,  the  hack].  Belonging  to 
the  dorsum  in  itself. 

Dorsicollar  \  \olf-ar)  [dorsum,  the  hack  ;  co/lum, 

tin-  neck].  In  biology,  having  to  do  with  the  hack 
and  neck. 

Dorsicumbent  [dor-se-kum' '-bent )  [dorsum,  the  back  ; 
cubare,  to  lie  down],  In  biology,  supine;  or  lying 
upon  the  hack. 

Dorsigerous  [dor-sip '-er-us)  [dorsum, the  hack;  gerere, 
carry].      In  biology,  hearing  lie    young   upon  the 

ha. 

Dorsigrade  {dor'  ig  rdd\  [dorsum,  the  bacl  ;  *radi, 
to  walk].  In  biology,  applied  to  animal-,  that  walk 
upon  ill-  back  of  the  toes,  a-  the  armadillo. 

Dorsi-lumbar  [dor-si-lum* -bar).     See    Dorso-lumbar. 

Dorsimesad    [dor-si-me'-sad)   [dorsum,  hack;    // 
the  middle].     Toward  the  dorsimeson.     See    Position 
a/r,/  Direction,   table  of. 

Dorsimesal  {dor  ri  tne'-sal)  [dorsum,  hack  ;    ninnc,  the 


DORSI-MESOX 


395 


DOUR  INK 


middle].      Pertaining  t<>  the  dorsimeson.     See  Posi- 
tion and  Direction,  Table  of. 

Dorsimeson  (dor-si-me' -son)  [dorsum,  the  hack; 
mciav,  the  middle].  The  dorsal  edge  of  the  meson  or 
median  plane  <>i  the  body.  The  dorsal,  mesal,  or 
median  line.  C'f.  Ventrimeson;  also  Position  and  Di- 
rection, Table  of. 

Dorsiparous  (dor-sipr -ar-us)  [dorsum,  the  back  ;  parere, 
tn  produce].  Applied  to  plants  that  hear  fruit  on  the 
back  of  the  leaves  (ferns),  or  animals  hatching  young 
upon  the  back  (toads). 

Dorsi-scapular  (dor-si-skapf -u-lar)  [dorsum,  back ; 
scapula,  the  shoulder].  Relating  to  the  dorsum  of 
the  scapula. 

Dorso-  {dor* -so-)  [dorsum,  back].  A  prefix  used  in 
connection  with  the  names  of  such  organs  as  have 
their  attachment  to  or  about  the  back. 

Dorsocephalad  {dor-so-scf '-triad  )  [dorsum,  back  ; 
KE(j>a?://,  head].      Toward  the  dorsal  aspect  of  the  head. 

Dorsodynia  (dor-so-din'-e-ah)  [dorsum,  back;  bdvw/, 
pain].  (  hnodynia  ;  scapulodynia ;  pain  in  the  dorsal 
region  ;  rheumatism  of  the  muscles  of  the  shoulders 
and  upper  back. 

Dorso-lumbar  (dor-so-lum/-bar)  [dorsum,  back  ;  fam- 
ous, loin].      Relating  to  the  back  and  the  loins. 

Dorso-sacral  Position.     See  Postures,  Table  of. 

Dorso-thoracic  (dor-so-tko-ra'  -sik)  [dorsum,  back ; 
dupal;,  thorax].      Relating  to  the  back  and  the  thorax. 

Dorstenia  (dor-ste'-ne-ah).     See  Contrayerva. 

Dorsulum  [dor* '-su-lum)  [dim.  of  dorsum,  the  back]. 
The  second  dorsal  sclerite  of  the  thorax  in  certain 
insects. 

Dorsum  (dor' -sum)  ['L.'].  I.  Theback.  The  rounded 
part  of  the  back.  2.  Any  part  corresponding  to  the 
back  ;  as  the  dorsum  of  the  foot,  hand,  tongue,  scap- 
ula, or  penis  ;  in  many  cases,  the  upper  surface  is  thus 
designated. 

Dorsumbonal  (dor-sum' -bo-nal)  [dorsum,  the  back  ; 
umbo,  a  boss].  In  biology,  pertaining  to  both  the 
dorsal  and  umbonal  regions  in  a  bivalve  mollusc. 

Dosage  (do'-saj)  [dooic,  a  portion  given].  A  system  or 
method  of  dosing.      See  Posology. 

Dose  (dos)  [doatc,  a  portion].  The  measured  portion 
of  medicine  to  be  taken  at  one  time.  D.,  Divided, 
a  mode  of  administration  in  which  a  drug  is  to  be 
taken  in  fractional  portions  at  short  intervals.  D., 
Maximum,  the  largest  portion  of  medicine  ordered 
to  produce  a  given  result,  or  the  largest  dose  consist- 
ent with  safety.  In  this  work  both  minimum  and 
maximum  dosage  is  given  under  each  medicine  or 
preparation.  D.,  Minimum,  the  smallest  quantity 
of  a  medicine  that  will  produce  physiologic  effects. 

GAUBIUS'  TABLE 
Of  Proportion  of  Dose  According  to  Age. 
For  an  adult,  suppose  the  dose  to  be  .    .  1,  or  60  grains 
An  individual  under  1  year  will  require  fa,  "     5 
"  "  "      2  years   "  "        J,  "     8 

"      3 £,  "  10        " 

11  it  11       .      11       ii  11         1    n   ,c        " 

4  li        '5 

..  .1  ..       7      <<        «  "  j_   ••   20 

"     14      "       "  "         i,  "  ;,o 

"    20      "        "  "         i,  "  40 

For  one  of  21  to  60,  the  full  dose,  or     .   .  1,  "  60        " 
Above  this  age,  an  inverse  gradation  must  be  observed. 

Dosimeter  (do-sim* '-et-er)  [56ou;,  a  dose ;  fierpov,  a 
measure].  A  drop-meter  ;  an  instrument  for  measur- 
ing minute  quantities  of  a  liquid. 

Dosimetric  [do-sim-et'-rik)  [66aic,  a  dose;  uirpov,  a 
measure].      Relating  to  or  characterized  by  dosimetry. 

Dosimetry  (do-sim' -et-re)  [fiocic,  dose;  fttrpov,  a 
measure].  The  accurate  and  systematic  measurement 
of  a  dose  or  prescribed  portion  ;  the  use  of  drugs  in 
exact  and  definite  doses. 


Dosiology,   or   Dosology  (do-se-,  ,r  do-sol' -o-je) 

[&6ouc,  dose  j   >o;  or,  science].     Posology;  thescience 
of  doses. 

Dosis  \do'-si  \.      See  Dose. 

Dossil  {dos' -it)  [ME.,  dosil,  a  spigot].  A  pledget  or 
tuft,  as  of  lint. 

Dotage  [dot  a/ )  [ME.,  dotren].  Feebleness  of  mind  ; 
senility. 

Dothienenteritis,  or  Dothinenteritis  (doth-e-en-en-ter- 
i'-tis,  or  doth-in-en-ter-i' '-ti  )  I  06  .a  boil  ;  tvrepov, 
bowel;  trig,  inflammation].  Enteric  fever,  or  the  en- 
teritis that  accompanies  it. 

Double  {dub'  I)  [MK.,  doublen,  to  double].  Two  fold. 
In  pairs.  D.  Athetosis,  a  manifestation  of  infantile 
spastic  paraplegia.  D.  Chin.  See  Buccula.  D. 
Consciousness,  periodic  amnesia  ;  a  periodic  failure 
of  memory  involving  all  the  intellectual  functions  and 
the  character  of  the  individual  ;  that  condition  in  which 
a  patient  seems  to  have  two  distinct  but  alternating 
lives;  it  is  seen  mostly  in  somnambulists  and  hyp- 
notics. D.  Flap  Amputation.  See  Amputation. 
D.  Hearing.  See  Diplacusis.  D.  Monsters.  Same 
as  Composite  Monsters,  q.v.  D.  Personality,  an  ab- 
normal condition  in  which  the  subject  feels  as  if  he 
were  two  distinct  personalities,  the  one  alternating  1 
tinually  with  the  other.  It  is  a  symptom  of  insanity 
and  of  poisoning  by  certain  drugs.  D.  Staining,  in 
microscopy,  the  impregnation  of  a  structure  with  two 
colors  in  order  to  show  its  details.  IJacteriologically 
the  application  of  such  staining-reagent-  a-  will  stain 
the  spores  one  color  and  the  rods  another.  D.  Touch, 
the  exploration  of  the  vaginal  and  rectal  walls  by  insert- 
ing the  thumb  into  the  one  cavity,  and  the  index  linger 
into  the  other, so  that,  e.g.,  the  presence  of  any  abnor- 
mal growth  may  be  ascertained.  D.  Vinegar.  See 
Vinegar.  D.  Vision.  See  Diplopia.  D.  Vitriol, 
a  mixture  of  copper  and  iron  sulphates  crystallized 
together.  D.  Voice.  See  Diphthongia.  D. Wedge, 
an  instrument  used  in  dentistry  for  removing  an 
artificial  crown  from  the  root  of  a  tooth  upon  which 
it  has  been  set. 

Doubler  (dub'-ler).     See  Doubling. 

Doublet  (dub' -let)  [ME.,  dublet].  In  optics,  a  sys- 
tem consisting  of  two  lenses. 

Doubling  (dub' -ling)  [ME.,  doublen,  to  double].  A 
term  given  to  that  duplication  of  dispensary  statistics 
that  results  from  patients  coming  twice  or  oftener  with 
different  troubles  in  the  course  of  a  year.  Such  patients 
are  termed  ' '  doubters. ' ' 

Doubly  (dub'-le)  [ME.,  doublen,  to  double].  In  a 
two-fold  manner.  D.  Contoured,  in  microscopy,  an 
object  is  doubly  contoured  when  it  is  bounded  by  two, 
usually  parallel,  dark  lines  with  a  lighter  band  between 
them. 

Doubt  (do-vt)  [ME.,  doute,  fear].  Uncertainty;  fear. 
D.,  Insanity  of,  mental  disorder  in  which  the 
patient  is  affected  by  morbid  doubts  and  fears,  and  sub- 
jects himself  to  introspective  questionings. 

Doubting  (dowf-ing)  [ME.,  doute,  fear].  bearing. 
D.  Mania,  a  form  of  volitional  disorder  in  which 
the  reflexive  mechanism  of  the  will  is  over-irritable 
and  reacts  to  slight  stimuli,  producing  a  constant  suc- 
cession of  contradictory,  absurd,  or  useless  acts. 

Douche  (doosh)  [Fr.].  A  stream  of  water  directed 
against  a  part,  or  one  used  to  flush  a  cavity  of  the 
1  x  >dy. 

Douglas's  Cul-de-sac  or    Pouch.     S  ucA.     D. 

Line.  See  dines.  Table  of.  D.  Semilunar  Fold. 
a  thin  curved  margin  that  forms  the  lower  part  ot  the 
posterior  wall  of  the  sheath  of  the  abdominal  rectus 
muscle. 

Dourine  (doo'-rin)  [Fr.].      Syphilis  in  the  horse. 


D'Ol  I  REPON  1  >  \  1  RSI<  »N 


liRIl.I. 


D'Outrepont's  Version.   In  obstetrics,  indirect  version, 
the  head  I"  1  from  without  by  the   hand 

the  other  hand,  well 

ne,  is  introdu<  ed 

into  the  utei  ing  shoulder 

i  which  the  bn  e<  h  i> 
ted. 
Dover's     Powder.      Pulvis  mpositus. 

5 
Dowel  ;  I       1"  dentistry, 

tin  il  uniting  an)  artificial  crown 

to  t.  'til. 

Dowell's  Operation 
Doycrc.    Eminence,    Hillock,  Papilla,  or  Tuft  of. 

Dracina  .         gon  |.      A  genus 

ike.      D.   cinnabari 
I),  schizantha  I       \        ■- •   and   D.   draco 

,i   part    «>t"   the  so-called 

Dracol 

Dracontiasis  j  ■'      ujv,     dragon]. 

a    skin-disease    due   to    the 
ed  nematode  worm,  dra- 
iy  the  devel- 
>ses.      The  disease  is 
and   various    parts  of    Africa  and 
male   worm   is  cylin- 
•i  diameter  and  about  },o  inches  long, 
a  much  longer.      It  may  be  felt  lit  of 

i.      When  about  to  make   its 
itching  and  discomfort,  followed 
■  of  the   worm   gains  en 
lie  human  body  and   there   develops  with 
tnimal  \,  Tabl 
Dracunculus  ku-lus]  [dim.  of  draco,  a  drag- 

thread-  worms,  belonging 
Parasites    {Anitn 
D.  medinensis.     See  Draconti 
Draft.  Draught  .  to  draw],     i.  A 

ally  a  medicine  drunk  at  one 

a   poultice.     D.,  Black, 

una.     D.,  Chopart's,  a  mix- 

aiba,  alcohol,  peppermint 

;n  of  tolu.  and  sweet  ,-pirit  of  niter. 

D.,  Effervescing,  one  containing  sodium  or  potassium 

■  id. 
Dragee  oated  pill,  bolus, 

DragendorfTs  Tests. 

Dragendorff  and  Kossow's  Test  Table  of . 

Dragon  Root  Indian     I 'urnip. 

and  dia 
n\xv-zj.      I 'not. 
Dragon's  Blood  i     '| 

.  I  !     Indian   rat- 

c  na, 

,aW.  Ii. 

blood  are  astrin- 

v  m  the  arts  and  in  mak- 

Dra  |n  |,       \   ,  hannel   tli.  I 

buildin 
rial  that  affords  a 
mnd  or 
D. -throat. 

ithing  the   air  fn 
Drainaiy  tin].    I.    I  he 

i     WOUl 


cavity,     j     ;  t£        D.  Anchor,  a  rubber  fila- 

ment inserted  in  an  abscess  or  cavity.  D.-tube,  a 
rubber  tube  with  perforations  for  draining  wounds  or 
cavities.  D.-tube,  Decalcified,  a  decalcified  bone 
.  of  a  chicken,  etc.)  used  as  a  drainage-tube. 
Dram,  or  Drachm  [dram)  ['\""i'"/.  ;l  Greek  weight]. 
The  eighth  part  of  the  apothecaries'  ounce,  equal  to 
grains  or  3.8  grams.  Also  the  one  sixteenth  part 
of  the  avoirdupois  ounce,  equal  to  -7-.u  grains.  D., 
Fluid,  the  eighth  part  of  a  fluidounce,  equal  to  00 

minims. 

Dramatism  [dram'-at-izm)  [ipafia,  a  drama].  In- 
sanely stilted  and  loftj  spee<  h  oi  behavior. 

Draper's  Test.     See    Tests,  Table  of. 

Drastic  [dras,-tik)  \6paeiv,  todraw].  1.  A  powerful  and 
irritating  purgative,  such  as  scammony  or  gamboge. 
j.   Severe,  harsh,  powerful. 

Draught  [draft).     See  Draft. 

Draw  [ME. ,  drawen,  todraw].  To  digest  and  1 
to  discharge  ;  said  of  a  poultice.  In  dentistry,  to  re- 
move a  tooth  from  its  socket.  In  andrology,  to  re- 
move the  urine  from  the  bladder  by  means  of  a 
catheter.  D. -bench,  a  bench  for  drawing  wire,  so 
constructed  as  to  confine  a  wire-plate  at  one  end, 
with  a  roller  and  windlass  at  the  other  end  for  draw- 
ing the  wire  through  the  plate. 

Drawer,  Gold.  An  apparatus  for  use  in  the  dental 
laboratory  to  collect  gold  scraps  and  filings. 

Drayman's  Bottom.  An  enlargement  of  the  bursa 
situated  over  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium. 

Dream  (i/rcw)  [Ml*!.,  dremen,  to  dream].  1.  An  invol- 
untary series  of  images,  emotions,  and  thoughts  pre 
sented  to  the  mind  during  sleep.  2.  To  be  conscious 
of  such  manifestations.  D.,  Waking,  an  illusion  or 
hallucination.  D.,  Wet,  a  term  given  to  the  emission 
of  semen  during  sleep. 

Dreamy  [dref-me)  [ME.,  dremen,  to  dream].  Full  of 
dreams.  D.  State,  a  common  psychic  aura  of  epi- 
lepsy in  which  the  patient  experiences  a  sensation 
of  strangeness  or  sometimes  of  terror.  It  may  be 
assoi  iated  with  flashes  of  light  or  auditory  aune. 

Drechsel's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Drechsler's  Test.     See  Tests,   Table  of. 

Drench  [ME.,  drenchen,  to  drench,  drown].  In 
veterinary  practice,  a  draught  ol  medicine. 

Drepanidium  [dre-pan-id1 '-e-um)  \6ptiratnj,  a  sickle]. 
The  sickle-shaped  young  of  certain  protozoans.  D. 
ranarum,  a  (probably)  parasitic  cytozoon  of  frogs' 
blood. 

Dressed   Mouth  [drest  mowth).     That  condition  pro- 
duced  by  the   fraudulent  practice  of  filing   th      1 
used  to  make  an  old  horse  appear  young. 

Dresser  '      ,  [ME.,  dressen,  to    make    straight]. 

An  attendant  (in  English  hospitals,  usually  a  student) 
whose  special  duty  it  is  to  dress  and  bandage  wounds, 
and  attend  t<  •  other  ward  work. 

Dressing  (dres'-in    1  [  \1 1'.. ,  d> •, ■  ten,  to  make  straight]. 
1.   The  application  of  a  bandage,  lint,  or  other  sub- 
stance  i"    a    wound    or    ulcer.      2.     The    material    so 
applied.      3.    In  metallurgy,  the  mechanical    h 
that  an  ore  re  eives  after  being  brought  to  the  surl 
concentration. 

Dressler's  Disease.     See  Di     1     .   Table  of. 

Drewsen's  Test.      =  of. 

Drill  (dril)    [AS.,  thyrelian,   to   pierce].     A    surgical 
instrument  used   in  perforating  bones,  calculi,  or  t< 
D.-bone,  a  flat  osteoma.     D.-bow,  a  bow  and  string 
for    rotating    a    drill  ted     by    passing    the 

string  around  it.  and  moving  il  backward  and  forward. 
D. -stock,  an  instrument  for  holding  and  turning  a 
drill,  either  by  the  thumb  and  finger  or  by  a  handle. 
D. -stock,  Flagg's,  ument  for  drilling  into  the 


I)RIMVS 


397 


DRYING  OILS 


pulp-cavity  of  a  tooth  for  the  purpose  of  giving  egi 
to  matter  formed  there  in  the  process  ol   suppuration 
of  the  pulp. 

Drimys    [dri'-mis)    [dpc/tvg,    piercing].       \    genus    ol 
magnoliaceous  trees,  largely  s.  American.    D.  gran- 
atensis,  D.mexicana,  and  D.  winteri  afford  //  'in 
Bark,  an    aromatic    and    stimulant    tonic,  formerly  in 
repute  as  an  alterative.     Unof. 

Drink  [ME.,  drinken,  to  drink].  To  swallow  a  liquid. 
The  liquid  that  is  swallowed.     A  draught. 

Dripping  Sheet  [drip'-ing  shit).  A  means  of  reduc- 
ing temperature  in  fever,  entirely  distincl  from  the  wet 
park.  The  patient  is  placed  erect  in  a  tub  containing 
twelve    inches  of   water   at    IOO°.       A    linen    sheet  (the 

coarser  the  better)  is  dipped  in  water  at  700,  which  is 
reduced  daily  two  degrees  until  480  is  reached.  This 
sheet  is  thrown  ovi  1  the  patient  from  behind,  covering 
the  head  and  body,  so  that  it  clings  to  the  person. 
The  attendant  now  make-  rapid  passes  with  both  hands, 
beginning  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  so  as  to  produce 
friction  and  afflux  of  blood  to  the  surface.  Occasion- 
all}  cold  water  at  from  400  to  700  is  thrown  on  from  a 
cup  and  friction  renewed.  The  procedure  is  also 
said  to  be  useful  in  anemia. 

Drivelling [drii/ -el-ing)  [ME.,  drincleri\.  1.  An  invol- 
untary flow  of  the  saliva,  as  in  old  age,  infancy,  idiocy, 
and  mental  stupor,      i.  Senile  weakness  of  mind. 

Drivers'  Spasm  [dri'-verz  spazm).     See  Spasm. 

Dromograph  [drom'-o-graf)  [dp6(wg,  a  course;  ypcup  1 . 
to  write].  An  instrument  for  registering  the  velocity 
of  the  blood-current. 

Drop.  See  Gutta  and  Minim.  1.  To  let  fall  in  glob- 
ules or  drops,  as  a  liquid.  2.  To  let  fall  from  the 
womb.  3.  A  spheric  mass  of  fluid-material.  D.- 
culture,  in  bacteriology,  a  culture  prepared  by  placing 
a  drop  of  the  infected  material  in  a  culture-medium. 
D. -meter.  See  Dosimeter.  D. -serene.  See  Gutta 
serena.  D. -shoulder,  the  condition  in  which  one 
shoulder  is  on  a  much  lower  level  than  the  other ; 
not  uncommonly  met  with  in  hysterical  girls. 

Dropped  Hand,  or  Wrist  (dropt  hand  or  rist).  A 
form  of  paralysis  from  lead-poisoning,  consisting  in 
the  inability  to  contract  the  extensors  of  the  forearm. 
D.  Foot,  a  deformity,  especially  observed  in  alco- 
holic peripheral  neuritis,  and  dependent  upon  weak- 
ness of  the  flexors  of  the  foot. 

Dropper  (drop'-er)  [ME.,  droppen,  to  drop].  A  bottle, 
tube,  or  pipet,  fitted  for  the  emission  of  a  fluid  drop 
by  drop.      See  Mispah-dropper,  and  Stopper-dropper. 

Dropsical  [drop'-sik-al)  [ydpurp,  dropsy].  Affected 
with  or  pertaining  to  dropsy. 

Dropsy  [drop'-se)  [i'f5/>ui/>,  dropsy].  See  Hydrops.  D. 
of  Belly.  See  Ascites.  D.  of  Brain.  See  Hydro- 
cephalus. D.,  Cardiac,  that  due  to  failure  of  compen- 
sation in  cardiac  disease.  D.,  False,  an  accumula- 
tion of  liquid  in  a  cavity  of  an  organ  from  obstruction 
of  the  outlet;  a  retention-cyst.  D.  of  Chest.  See 
Hydrothorax.  D.  of  Peritoneum,  ascites,  hydro- 
peritoneum.  D.  of  Pericardium,  hydropericardium. 
D.  of  Spine.  See  Spina  bifida  and  Hydrorrhachis. 
D.  of  Testicle.  See  Hydrocele.  D.  of  Uterus.  See 
Hydrometra. 

Drosera  [dros'-er-ah)  \fpoarp6c,  dewy].  Sundew  ;  the 
D.  rotund! 'folia ,  native  of  U.  S.  and  Europe.  An 
antispasmodic,  useful  in  whooping-cough  and  other 
spasmodic  coughs.  Dose  of  the  fluid  extract  rt^v-xx  ; 
of  the  tincture  (i  in  10)  n\v— xv.      Unof. 

Droserin  [dros' '-er-in)  \_8poaep6g,  dewy].  A  ferment 
resembling  pepsin  and  found  in  the  digestive  secretions 
of  most  of  the  insectivorous  plants. 

Drown  [ME.,  dro7vnen,  to  drown].  To  deprive  of  life 
by  immersion  in  a  fluid. 


Drowning  [drown' -ing)   [Ml    .  nen,   to    drown]. 

I  depriving  of  life  by  immersii  m  in  a  fluid.  D.,  Intra- 
uterine. See  Intrauterine.  D.,  Treatment  of.  See 
Artificial  Re  'piration. 

Drowsy  [droit/  :  i  [AS.,  drusan,  to  sink].  Inclined 
to  sleep  ;   sleep) . 

Drug  [ME.,  druggi  J.  A  substance,  simple  or  com- 
pound, natural  or  prepared,  single  or  mixed  with 
othei  substances  used  as  a  medicine.  D.,  Antago- 
nistic, one  that  neutralizes  the  action  of  another  by  a 
process  other  than  chi  mil  .  D. -eruptions. 
D  '  matitis  medicamentosa.  D. -habit,  the  acquiring 
of  a  tolerance  for  a  drug  after  long  administration. 
by  which  its  physiologic  action  in  normal  dose  is 
abolished.  This  may  be  avoided  by  intermitting  the 
remedy  from  time  to  time. 

Druggist  [drug'-ist)  [ME  ,  drugges"].  One  who  deals 
in  drugs. 

Drum  [ME.,  drumme~\.  The  tympanum.  The  laby- 
rinth of  a  bird.  D. -belly.  See  Tympanites.  D.  of 
Ear.  See  Tympanum.  D.-head.  See  M  mbrana 
tympani. 

Drumin  [drum'-in)  [Drummond,  a  botanist].  A  name 
given  to  the  alkaloid  extractive  of  Euphorbia  drum- 
mondii,  an  Australian  plant.  It  i-  ~ a i <  1  to  be  a  local 
anesthetic,  and  is  claimed,  also,  to  be  an  impure 
calcium  oxalate.      Unof.     See  An 

Drummers'  Palsy  [drum'-erz  pawl'-z*  |.  A  form  of 
occupation-neurosis,  dependent  upon  the  constrained 
attitude  of  the  hand  in  beating  a  drum. 

Drummond's  Whiff.  See  Signs  and  Symptoms,  Table  of. 

Drumstick  -  bacillus.  See  Bacteria,  Synonymatic 
Table  of. 

Drunkard  [drunk* -ard).  One  given  to  excessive  in- 
dulgence in  spirituous  drinks.  D.'s  Liver,  a  cir- 
rhotic liver.  D.'s  Pneumonia,  a  grave  form  of 
pneumonia  occurring  in  drunkards;  it  is  usually 
fatal. 

Drunkenness  ( drunk' -en-nes)  [AS.,  druncen, 
drunken].  Acute  or  habitual  alcoholic  intoxication. 
See  Alcoholism ,  Dipsomania,  Inebriety. 

Drupe  [drup)  [fipvmra,  an  over-ripe  olive].  In  biol- 
ogy, a  stone-fruit,  as  the  cherry,  peach,  and  plum. 

Drupelet  [drup' -let)  \Spimna,  an  over-ripe  olive].  A 
little  drupe. 

Drupetum  [dru-pe'-lum)  [drupa,  a  drupe].  In  biol- 
ogy, an  aggregation  of  drupes,  as  in  a  blackberry. 

Druse  [driis)  [Ger. ].  A  wound  that  does  not  com- 
municate with  any  surface ;  a  rupture  of  the  tissues 
with  no  superficial  lesion. 

Dry    (dri)    [ME.,    drye\       1.   Without   moisture. 
Barren.     3.   To    evaporate.     D.-ash    System. 
Dry-earth    System.      D.    Belly-ache.      See    Gi> 
pain.      D.    Caries.     See    Onychomycosis.      D.    Cup- 
ping.    See    Cupping.      D. -earth    System,   Dr 
System ;  a  method   of  disposing  of  feces  by  mingling 
with   them  dry  earth   or  ashes  in   sufficient  quantity  to 
absorb  all    moisture  from   them,  so  as  to  render  them 
inodorous  and  to  prevent   decomposition.      D.  Gan- 
grene.     See    Gangrene.      D.    Itch.      Synonym    of 
Lichen.     D.  Labor,  one  in  which  their  i-  but  a  slight 
discharge  of  liquor  amnii.      D.  Mouth.     See  A 
tomia.     D. -nurse,  a  nurse   who  attends  and  feeds  a 
child,  but  does  not  suckle  it.      D.  Pile,  a  hemorrhoid 
that  does  not  bleed.      D.  Pleurisy,  pleurisy  without 
effusion.       D.-scall,   a    synonym   of   psoriasis.       D.- 
swimming,  swimming  exercise  in   the  air,  a  useful 
gymnastic  measure.     D.  Tetter.     See  Psoriasis.     D. 
Wine,    a    wine    containing    little   or  no   sugar.      See 
Wines. 

Dryer's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Drying  Oils.     See  Oils  and  Tats. 


DKYM>  M  E'S  CELLS  OR  O  >RPl  S< 


398 


IU  i   I 


Drysdale's  Cells  or  Corpuscles.     Certain  microscopic 
cells  in  Derally  round,  sometimes  oval 

in  form,  transparent,  containing  fine  granules,  bul  no 
nucleus,      rhej  have  been  d<  is  pathognomonic 

.  but  this  is  disputed. 
Dualin  ,  of  two]      A  rive  com- 

.    mixture   of  nitroglycerin    5°   parts   and 
nitr.ucil   sawdust    - 
• 
Dualism  >l   m  by  which 

natural phenom<  icplained  upon  two  principles. 

D.,  Chancrous,  the  th  the  existence  of  two 

ancre — the  non-infecting,  <>r  soft  chancre, 
and  the  infi  true  (hard)  chan 

Dualisuc  ftwo].     Characterized 

by  duality.     D.    Theory  of    the   Composition   of 
Carbon-compounds  ;    every  chemic   compound    is 

trically  different,  and 
these  arc  further  made  up  of  two  different  groups 
or  -  I'd'-  I  iualistic  theory  of 

revalent  in  Germany  until  about  i860. 
Duality  dual].     Dualism;    the 

.  -11  i*l  potentially  independent  ac- 
tio:,. 1  of  the  cerebral  hemispheres. 
Dubini's  Disease.     "  Electric  chorea ;"  myelitis  con- 
vulsiva;  .1  malady  met  with  in   Italy,  differing  from 
chorea  in  th  of  the  movements,  which  are 
.  ten  and  shock  -  like ;  in  the  course  of  the  disease, 
which  :  fatal  ;   and    in    the  ad- 
dition  of  muscular  palsy  and    wasting.       Its  etiology 
and               g)  are  obscure.      -  ises,  Table  of. 
Dublin  Method.     See        atment,  Methods  of. 
Dubois'  Caustic                      tic. 

Duboisia  [after  Dubois,  a  French  botan- 

leaves   of  D.  my  .  an     Australian 

It   1  una    in    physiologic    and 

therapeutic  D.,  Ext.      l)o>e  gr.  y^-j^.     D., 

Ext.  Fid.   Dose  ir^  v-x.     D.,  Tinct.    Dose  n\  v-xx. 
Duboisin  [after  Dub  </  .  a  French  botanist], 

An  alkaloid  from  Duboisia  myoporoides, 
yamin. 
Dubrueil's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  oj ". 
Duchenne's    Disease.     See   Diseases,    Table   of.     D. 
Paralysis.  a,  Table  of.    D. -Aran  Type 

of  Muscular  Atrophy.     See  Diseases,  Table  of. 
Duck-bill   Forceps.     See    Forceps.      D.    Speculum. 

1  >n. 
Duckett's  Closet.      -  .  Disposal  of. 

Duck-foot  1  of 

Duck-legged    duk  /■./,,/).      Having  very  short  legs. 
Duck-weed  Disease  {duk'-wld  dis-iz').     A  German 

■  ir  tuberi  ul< sis  in  1 .11  tie. 
Duckworth's  Theory.      1  he  «,  ur    humoral  theory  of 
nt.     It  is  that  there  h  a  basic,*  arthritic 
bit,  of  which  gout  and  rheumatism 
gouty  diathesi 
irmality  of  the  nerve-cent 
which  may  he  inhei  |uired  ;  and  (b)  a  peculiar 

ity   for   1  ration    within   the    whole 

I  1-  formed  al  times  in  excess 
or  -  duly  transformed  into  more 

Duct.  ■•    Ductus  j.    A  tube  for  the  con- 

body.     D.,  Aberrant,  a 
1  •  in  length,  run- 

nii-  rtion  of  1  I  of  the   epi- 

D.,  Aberrant   Bile,  one  of  a  number  of 
bili  ■  Uy  found   in 

1   surrounded  by 
I"1'  hepatii  nee, 

D.,  Acous- 
tic, the -\t.rnal  aud  D.,  Adipose, ..,, 


the  sacs  in  cellular  tissue  containing  the  fat.  D.,  Air, 
in  biology,  one  ol  the  intercellular  spaces  in  aquatic 
plain-,  containing  air.  D.,  Alimentary.  See  />., 
Thoracic.  D.,  Alveolar,  one  of  the  infundibula  of 
the  bronchioles.  D.,  Annular,  in  biology,  one  of 
the  rin;;  shaped  thickenings  of  the  cells  of  vascu- 
lar ti»ue.  D.  of  Arantius.  See  P.  venosus.  D., 
Archinephric.  See  D.,  Mesonephric.  D.,  Arterial. 
D.  arteriosus.  D.  arteriosus,  a  short  vessel  in 
the  ictus  between  the  main  pulmonary  alter}  and  the 
aorta.  It  becomes  obliterated  at  birth.  D.,  Auditory, 
the  space  between  the  membrana  tectoria  and  the 
membrana  basilaris  of  the  cochlea.  D.  of  Bartholin, 
the  larger  and  longer  of  the  sublingual  ducts,  opening 
into  the  mouth  near  to,  or  in  common  with,  Wharton's 
duct.  D.  of  Bellini,  one  of  the  ex<  retory  tubes  of  the 
kidneys.  D.,  Biliary.  See  D. ,  Common  Bile.  D. 
of  Botal.  See  D.  arteriosus.  D.,  Branchial,  in 
Myzontes,  a  short  tube  between  the  branchial  pouch 
and  the  intestinal  cavity.  D.,  Canalicular,  one  of 
the  smaller  galactophorous  ducts  of  the  mammae. 
D.,  Cement,  in  Ctrripedia,  one  of  a  number  of  tubes 
that  pass  through  the  antenn.e  from  the  cement-glands. 
D.  choledochus.  See  D..  Common  Bile.  D., 
Cochlear.  See  Canal,  Cochlear.  D.,  Common 
Bile,  a  duct  about  three  inches  long  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  cystic  and  hepatic  ducts,  and  convey 
ing  the  bile  to  the  duodenum.  D.  of  Cuvier,  in 
the  fetus,  one  of  two  short  transverse  venous  trunks, 
on  either  side,  opening  into  the  amicle  of  the  heart, 
each  being  formed  by  the  union  of  a  superior  vein, 
the  primitive  jugular,  and  an  inferior  vein.  The  right 
one  becomes  the  superior  vena  cava ;  the  left  one 
disappears.  D.,  Cysthepatic.  See  Hepato-cystic . 
D.,  Cystic,  the  excretory  duct  of  the  gall-bladder; 
it  is  about  \x/>  inches  long,  runs  backward,  downward, 
and  to  the  left  and  unites  with  the  hepatic  duct  to  form 
the  common  bile-duct.  D.  of  Darwin.  See  D., 
Cement.  D.,  Definitive,  one  of  the  straight  milk-ducts 
in  the  nipple.  D.,  Efferent.  Same  as  Canal,  Deferent. 
D.,  Egestive.  See  D.,  Excretory.  D.,  Ejaculatory, 
a  duct  about  an  inch  long,  on  cither  side  of  the  body, 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  vas  deferens  and  the  seminal 
vesicle.  The  semen  passes  through  it  into  the  urethra. 
D.,  Endolymphatic,  a  tubular  process  of  the  mem- 
branous labyrinth  of  the  ear,  passing  through  the 
aqueduct  of  the  vestibule  into  the  cranial  cavity,  where 
it  terminates  below  the  dura  mater  in  a  blind  enlarge- 
ment, the  sacculus  endolymphaticus.  D.,  Esophago- 
cutaneous,  in  biology,  a  duct  joining  the  esophagus 
with  the  branchial  pore,  and  thus  with  the  exterior.  D., 
Excretory,  the  tube  through  which  the  secretion  of  a 
gland  is  discharged.  D.,  Galactophorous,  one  of 
the  15  or  20  milk -ducts  of  the  lobes  of  the  mammary 
idands.  They  converge  toward  the  areola,  and  ter- 
minate upon  the  surface  of  the  nipple  in  small  de 
pressions.  D.,  Gall.  See  D.,  Bile,  D.t  Hepatic,  and 
D. ,  Cystic.  D.  of  Gartner,  the  canal  of  Gartner. 
See  Canal.  D.,  Genital,  the  genital  canal.  See 
Canal.  D.,  Guttural,  the  Eustachian  tube.  D., 
Hepatic,  a  duct,  I  x{  inches  long,  formed  at  the  margin 
of  the  transverse  fissure  of  the  liver  by  the  right  and 
1  11  hepatic  ducts.  It  unites  with  the  cystic  duct  to 
form  the  common  bile-duct.  D.,  Hepatic,  Left,  a 
duet  arising  from  the  left  lobe  of  the  liver,  and  joining 
the  right  hepatic  duct  to  form  the  common  hepatic 
duct.  D.,  Hepatic,  Middle,  an  occasional  branch 
of  the  hepatic  duct,  conveying  the  bile  from  the  quad- 
rate lobe  of  the  liver.  D.,  Hepatic,  Right,  a  duct 
arising  from  the  right  lobe  of  the  liver,  and  joining  the 
left  hepatii  duct,  to  form  the  common  hepatic  duct. 
D.,  Hepato-cystic,  one  of  the  biliary  ducts  emptying 


DUCT 


399 


I»l  LCAMARA 


directly  in  to  the  gall-bladder.  D.,Hepato-pancreatic, 
a  duct  conveying  the  secretions  of  the  liver  and  panci 
into  the  intestinal  canal  ;  the  common  bile  duct.  D., 
Hermaphrodite,  a  duct  that  in  hermaphroditic  animal.-, 
receives  the  male  and  female  elements.  D.,  Hemi- 
thoracic,  an  ascending  branch  ol  the  thoracic  duct, 
given  off  high  in  the  thorax,  and  opening  either  into 
the  right  lymphatic  duct  oj  i  losi  to  the  angle  of  union 
of  the  right  subclavian  and  right  internal  jugular  veins. 
D.  inferens,  in  certain  Edentata,  one  of  the  dui  ts 
leading  from  the  submaxillary  glands  to  a  common 
receptacle  for  the  secretion  of  the  gland.  D.,  Inter- 
cellular, the  intercellular  canal.  See  Canal.  D., 
Interlobular,  Bile,  one  of  the  ducts  situated  between 
the  lobules  of  the  liver.  They  are  of  two  varieties, 
small  and  large.  D.,  Intralobular,  Bile,  one  of  the 
intralobular  canals.  See  Canal.  D.,  Lachrymal.  See 
D.,  Nasal.  D.,  Lactiferous.  See  J?.,  Galactophorous. 
D.,  Leydig's.  See  I).,  Mesonephric  and  D. ,  Uro- 
genital.  D.,  Lymph.  See D. ,  Thoracic.  D.,  Lym- 
phatic. See  J). ,  Thoracic.  D.,  Lymphatic,  Left. 
See  D.,  Thoracic.  D.,  Lymphatic,  Right,  the  vessel 
that  receives  the  lymph  from  the  absorbent  vessels  of 
the  right  arm,  the  right  side  of  the  head  and  neck,  the 
chest,  lung  and  right  side'  of  the  heart,  and  also  from  the 
upper  surface  of  the  liver.  It  terminates  at  the  junction 
of  the  right  subclavian  and  internal  jugular  veins.  D., 
Mammary.  See  D.,  Galactophorous.  D.,  Mesone- 
phric, an  embryonic  duct  belonging  to  the  mesone- 
phron,  and  formed  by  the  longitudinal  fission  of  a  por- 
tion of  the  segmental  duct.  In  the  male,  it  becomes 
the  vas  deferens,  while  in  the  female  it  almost  entirely 
disappears.  D.,  Metanephric,  the  Ureter,  q.  v.  D., 
Milk.  See  D. ,  Galactophorous.  D.,  Muco.  See 
Canal,  mucous.  D.,  Mucous.  See  Canal,  mucous. 
D.  of  Miiller,  a  tube  (on  either  side  of  the  body) 
lormed  by  the  undivided  portion  of  the  segmental 
duct,  and  of  the  longitudinal  tubes  into  which  it 
divides.  From  them  in  the  female  are  developed  the  ovi- 
ducts, uterus  and  vagina,  while  in  the  male  they  atrophy 
and  disappear.  D.,  Nasal,  the  duct,  %  an  inch  long, 
that  conveys  the  tears  from  the  lachrymal  sac  into  the 
inferior  meatus  of  the  nose.  D.,  Naso-lachrymal. 
See  D. ,  Nasal.  D.,  Nuckian,  one  of  the  excretory 
ducts  of  the  orbital  gland  of  the  dog.  D.,  Omphalic. 
See D.,  Vitelline.  D.,  Omphalo-mesenteric.  SeeZ>. , 
Vitelline.  D.,  Pancreatic,  a  duct  that  extends  from 
the  pancreas  to  the  duodenum  at  the  point  where  the 
common  bile-duct  enters  the  bowel.  D.,  Pancreatic, 
Accessory,  the  excretory  duct  of  the  lesser  pancreas, 
opening  into  the  pancreatic  duct  or  into  the  duodenum, 
close  to  the  orifice  of  the  common  bile-duct.  D., 
Pancreatic,  Supplementary.  See  D.,  Pancreatic, 
Accessory.  D.,  Parotid.  See  D.  of  Stensen.  D.  of 
Pecquet,  the  thoracic  duct.  D.,  Pneumatic,  in 
hshes,  the  tube  that  connects  the  swimming-bladder 
with  the  esophagus.  D.,  Pronephric.  See  D. ,  Seg- 
mental. D.,  Prostatic,  one  of  the  ducts  conveying 
the  secretion  of  the  prostate  into  the  urethra.  D^, 
Reticulate,  in  biology,  an  aggregation  of  parenchy- 
matous tissue-cells,  in  which  the  thickenings  assume 
the  form  of  a  network.  D.  reuniens,  a  small  duct 
leading  from  the  saccule  to  the  membranous  labyrinth 
of  the  cochlea.  D.  of  Rivini,  one  of  the  ducts  of 
the  sublingual  gland.  D.,  Roriferous.  See  D. , 
Thoracic.  D.,  Sacculo-utricular,  a  small  canal 
connecting  the  saccule  of  the  internal  ear  with  the 
utricle.  D.  of  Santorini.  Same  as  D.,  Pancreatic, 
Accessory.  D.,  Scalariform,  in  biology,  one  of  numer- 
ous parallel  narrow  and  elongated  bordered  pits  in 
plant-cells  set  close  together  like  the  rounds  of  a  ladder. 
D.,  Secretory,  one  of  the  smaller  ducts  of  a   gland, 


tributaries  of  the  excretory  duct.  D.,  Segmental, 
in  embryology,  a  tube,  on  either  .side  of  the  1  ody, 
situated  between  the  visceral  and  parietal  laser-  of 
the  mesoblast,  opening  anteriorly  into  the  body-cav- 
ity, and  posteriorly  into  the  cloaca.  D.,  Seminal. 
See  I'.,  I  aculatory.  D.,  Spermathecal,  in  certain 
Mollu  ca,  the  duct  that  connects  the  spermatheca  with 
the  hermaphrodite  duet.  D.,  Spermatic,  the  Va 
deferens  ;  </.  t.      D.,  Spiral,  in  biology,  the  prosen- 

chymatOUS  Cell-tissue,  the  walls  of  which  are  in; 
by  spiral  thickenings.  D.  of  Steno.  See  / 
Stcn.n.  D.,  Stenon's.  See  I),  of  Stensen.  D., 
Stenonine.  See  D.  of  Sten  ,n.  D.  of  Stensen,  i. 
a  duct  about  zy2  inches  long,  conveying  the  secretion 
of  the  parotid  gland  into  the  mouth,  opening  on  the 
inner  side  of  the  cheek,  about  o]  posite  to  the  second 
upper  molar  tooth.  2.  See  Canal,  Incisive.  D.,  Sub- 
lingual. See  D.  of  Rivini  and  £)•  of  Bartholin.  D., 
Tear,  the  nasal  duet.  D.,  Testicular,  the  vas  de- 
ferens, q.  V.  D.,  Thoracic,  a  duct  I.S  to  20  in 
long,  extending  from  the  receptaculum  chyli,  in  fronl 
of  the  vertebrae  as  far  as  the  seventh  cervical  vi  rti  bra, 
where  it  curves  down  over  the  subclavian  artery  and 
empties  into  the  left  subclavian  vein  at  it-  junction  with 
the  left  internal  jugular  vein.  It  receives  the  lym]  h 
and  chyle  not  received  by  the  right  lymphatic  du<  t. 
D.,  Thyroglossus,  in  the  embryo,  a  duct  that  termi- 
nates upon  the  tongue  as  the  foramen  cecum,  and  1 
to  the  rudiments  of  the  thyroid  body.  D.,  Trabecular, 
in  biology,  prosenchymatous  tissue-cells,  in  which 
thickenings  cross  the  lumen  of  the  cell.  D.,  Uro- 
genital, in  biology,  a  duct  that  receives  the  urine  and 
the  genital  products.  D.,  Uropygial,  in  birds,  a  duct 
leading  from  the  uropygial  gland.  D.,  Uroseminal. 
See  JJ. ,  Uro-genital.  D.  venosus,  the  smaller, 
shorter,  and  more  posterior  of  the  two  branches  into 
which  the  umbilical  vein  divides  alter  entering  the 
abdomen.  It  empties  directly  into  the  ascending  vena 
cava.  After  the  birth  of  the  fetus  it  becomes  oblit- 
erated. D.,  Vitellarian,  the  canal  in  which  an  ovum 
receives  its  investment  of  albuminoid  substance.  D., 
Vitelline,  a  temporary  channel  of  communication  be- 
tween the  alimentary  canal  of  the  embryo  and  the 
umbilical  vesicle.  D.,  Vitello-intestinal.  SeeZ>., 
/  itelline.  D.  of  Wharton,  the  duct,  about  two  inches 
long,  of  the  sublingual  gland,  opening  in  the  mouth  at 
the  side  of  the  frenum  linguae.  D.  of  Wirsung,  the 
pancreatic  duct.  D.,  Wolffian,  the  me.-onephricduct. 
D.,  Yellow.     See  Canal.  EschricAt's. 

Ductule  {diik' -chill)  [a'uctulus,  a  small  duct].  A 
small  duct,  as  the  straight  seminal  ducts. 

Dudgeon's  Recipe.     A  formula  for  varnish  to  preserve 
sphygmographic  and  cardiographic  tracings.      It  1 
sists    of  one  ounce  of  gum  dammar  dissolved  in   six 
ounces  of  rectified  benzolin. 

Dudley's  Operation.  See  Operations,  Table  of.  D. 
Tests.      See   Tests,   Table  of. 

Duflos'  Tests.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Dugas'  Test.  A  method  of  diagnosis  in  dislocation  of 
the  shoulder.  If  the  hand  of  the  affected  side  is 
made  to  clasp  the  opposite  shoulder,  the  elbow  cannot 
be  made  to  touch  the  front  of  the  chest. 

Dugong  Oil  [du'-gong).  The  fixed  oil  afforded  by  the 
dugong,  Halicore  aus trails,  a  marine  sirenian  mam- 
mal. It  is  regarded  as  a  good  substitute  lor  cod-liver 
oil. 

Duhring's  Disease,  or  Impetigo.     See  Impetigo. 
matitis  herpetiformis,  and  Dist  ascs,  'Tabic  of. 

Dulcamara  (dul-kam-a'-ra)  [dulcamara,  bitter-sweet]. 
Bittersweet.  The  young  branches  of  D.  solatium. 
containing  several  glucosids  and  an  alkaloid.  Its 
properties  are  not  well  understood.      It  causes  nausear 


I 'I  1  CAMARIN 


4(Hi 


Id  PLICANA 


emesis  and  convulsive  muscular  movements,  and  in 

h  i-  dow  employed 

in  similar  -  D..  Kid.  Ext. 

-         D.,    Decoctum,    unol  .    i  cent. 

3   "'J- 
Dulcamarin  sweet] 

[|  is  .; 
low,  an  .  with  a  bitter  taste, 

ihol  and 
and  chloroform. 
Dulcin 
Dulcite 

Dulcitol  ,Oe.     Du 

du'  .   hexahydric  alcohol   occurring  in  various 

pL  iginating 

hi-   made  artificially  by 

m  amalgam  upon  milk-sugar  and 

inic  prisms, 

ngly  soluble  in  water, 

i  -  It  is  said  to  be  two  hundred 

tiiu  ^ir. 

Dull  ipid].     i.   Slow  of  perception. 

m.     3.    Not  bright  in  ap- 
i.irp;    blunt. 
Dullnes-  stupid].     The  quality 

lull,  in   any  sense;    lack  of  resonance  on 

Dulong  and  Petit's  Law.     S 

Dulse  A  popular  name 

-.  such    as    Rhodymenia 
•pularly  esteemed  as  pectoral 
L  nof. 
Dumas.  Method  of.      A  method  for  the  determination 

m  70  to  80  cm.  long) 

a  1  lyer  1  about  I  cm.)  of  dry, 

primary  sodium  ite  <>r    magnesite,  then    pure 

cu;  afterwards  a  mixture  of  the  sub- 

ice  with  the  cid  ;  then  again  pure  granular 

cu;  1  to  30  cm.  |,  and  finally  till  the  tube 

r  turning!  20    m  |.   Jn  the  open 

i   the  tube  is  plaeed  a  rubber  cork,  bearing 

tube,   which   extends    into  a  mercury 

back   part  of  the   combustion-tube,   1 

-    heated  lir>t,  to  expel  the  air 
m  all  parts  of  the  apparatus.    A  graduated  cylind 
fill-  ury,  is   placed    over  the  extremity  of 

the   exit-tube;   into  the  tub-  containing  mercury  sev- 

acentrated  potassium  hy- 

are    introduced    by   means   of  a   pipet.      The 

i    the   layer  of  cupric  oxid  in  the 

an-  f  the  tubi    ire  first  heated  and  then 

gradually  the  mixture.     When  the  combustion  is  com- 

rt  of  the  sodium 

luated    vessel,    containing 

pure  nil  ;   ui  a  large  cylinder  of  water, 

short  time  until  the  temperature  is 

id  arid   the  ' 

surrounding  air  and   the   barometer- 
.    V 


■  I 2562 


'  nein  grams.    V 

in  cubic  c  entimeters.     h  =  the 

[ueous vapor 

o.ooi2s  1:,  in 

'i  at  o°C..  a-  mm. 

Dumb  ^  .■.,•,.   ,,,  utter 

1      D.  Ague,  a  popul 

irked   1a-  ol  mp 

D.-bell  ■  ■..,,,  i,-,,,,  balls 

»e  for  health    and 


development.  D.-bell  Crystals,  crystals  of  calcium 
oxalate,  sometimes  seen  in  the  urine.  D.-cane,  the 
idium  seguineum,  or  Dieffenbachia  seguinea,  a  \\  . 
Indian  plant;  when  bitten  it  causes  the  lips  and 
mouth  to   swell,  and  thus   may    produce    temporary 

inability  to  speak.      The   plant  is  used  in  preparing  an 
ointment,  and  is  said  to  In-  useful  in  dropsies. 

Dumbness  [dum'-m  1  [ME. ,  dumb,  mute].  Inability 
to  utter  articulate  spee<  h. 

Dumetose  (du'-met-ds)  [dumus,  a  bramble].  In  biol- 
ogy, belonging  to  a  thicket;    bush  like. 

Dumont's  Blue.     Same  as  Smalts. 

Dumose(i/«'  -mds )  [dumus,  a  thorn-bush].  In  biology, 
bushy,  or  pertaining  to  a  bush. 

Dumoutier's  Horizontal  Plane.     See  Plane. 

Duncan's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of 

Dung  [ME.,  dung,  dung].  Excrement ;  feces;  ordure. 
D.-bath.       See    Pigments,    <  .    ami    Dye-stuffs. 

D.-hill,  a  heap  of  dung. 

Dunga  (dun'-gafi).      Synonym  of  Dengue. 

Dunging     (dung/-ing).       See    Pig/u,  ■  brs,    and 

Pre-stuffs. 

Dunham's  Solution.  A  culture-medium  composed 
of  sodium  chlorid,  5  parts;  dried  peptone,  I  part; 
distilled  water,  ioo  parts. 

Duodenal  (du-o-def-nal,  or  du-od' '-en-al)  [duodeni, 
twelve  each].  Relating  to  the  duodenum.  D.  Ulcer, 
ulceration  of  the  duodenum.  It  may  be  aeute,  as 
after  severe  burns  or  scalds,  or  after  exposure  to 
extreme  cold  ;  or  (more  commonly)  it  may  be  chronic, 
urring  usually  in  old  alcoholic  males.  Its  most 
frequent  seat  is  in  the  first  part  of  the  duodenum, 
either  on  the  anterior  or  posterior  wall.  It  is  probably 
due  to  the  action  of  the  gastric  juice  upon  the  intestinal 
wall  which  has  been  devitalized  as  the  result  of  some 
form  of  malnutrition.  Perforation  and  fatal  peritonitis 
may  ensue  if  the  ulcer  be  situated  on  the  anterior  wall. 

Duodenitis  (du-o-den-i' '-tis\  [duodeni,  twelve  each; 
itic,  inflammation].      Inflammation  of  the  duodenum. 

Duodeno-cholecystotomy  (du-o-de* ' -no-ko-le-sis-tof '- 
o-tne)  [duodeni,  twelve  each;  X()/!/,  bile;  Kvarig, 
bladder;  aro/ia,  mouth].  An  operation  for  establish- 
ing an  artifjcial  communication  between  the  gall-blad- 
der and  duodenum. 

Duodeno-enterostomy    (  du-o-de' -no-en-ter-osr -to 
[duodeni,  twelve  each  ;  brrepov,  bowed  ;  or6fia, mouth]. 
The  establishment  of  an  artificial  communication 
tween  the  duodenum  and  some  portion  of  the  small 
intestine. 

Duodeno-jejunal  [du-o-de* -no-je/'-u'-nal)  [duodeni, 
twelve  each  ;  jejunus,  dry].  Pertaining  to  the  duo- 
denum and  the  jejunum. 

Duodeno-renal  [du-o-de' '-no-re* '-nal)  [duodeni,  twelve 
each;  ren,  the  kidney].  Relating  to  the  duodenum 
and  to  the  kidney. 

Duodenostomy     [du-o  de-nosr-to-me\     [duodenum; 
nri'nm,  a  mouth].     The  operation  of  opening  the  duo- 
denum,  and  the  attachment  of  the  lips  of  the   intes 
tinal  slit  to  the  walls  of  the  abdomen,  in  order  to  form 
an  artitieial  mouth  for  the  introduction  of  nutriment. 

Duodenotomy  [du  0  den-of-o  mi  \  [duodenum  :  re/ii 
to  cut].      Surgical  incision  of  the  duodenum. 

Duodenum   (du-o-de'  mini,  or  du-od'-en-um)  [duodeni, 
twelve    each;     so   called    because    it    is    about    t\\- 
finger-br  adths  long].     The  firsl  put  of  the  small  in- 
testine beginning  at  the  pylorus.      lie    inner  surl 
is  covered  with    folds   of   mucous  membrane   called 
valvules  conniventes,  or  valves  of  Kerkring. 

Dupasquier's  Test.     Se<  .    Table  of . 

Duplay's  Operation.     See  Operations,   Table  of . 

Duplicana  (du-plik-a1 -nah)  [duplicare,  to  double].  A 
double  tertian  ague. 


DUPLICATK  )N 


401 


I<\  NE 


Duplication  [du-plik-a1 'shun).    Same  as  Reduplication, 

'/■  v. 

Duplicature  (duJ ' -plik-a-chur)  [duplicare,  to  double]. 
The  reflection,  or  folding  of  a  membrane  upon  itself. 

Duplicity  (du-plis'-it-e)  \duplicitas,  doubleness].  The 
condition  of  being  duplex  or  double. 

Dupuytren's  Contraction.  Set-  Diseases,  Table  of. 
D.  Hydrocele.  See  Diseases,  Table  of.  D.  Oint- 
ment, an  ointment  used  to  correct  baldness.  It  con- 
tains ox-marrow  250,  lead  acetate  4,  balsam  of  Peru 
8,  diluted  alcohol  30,  tinct.  of  camphor,  i'.>,  tinct. 
of  cloves  and  tinct.  of  cinnamon,  each  I.  D.  Opera- 
tion. See  Operations,  Table  of.  D.  Splint,  a  splint 
used  in  the  treatment  of  Pott's  fracture  of  the  leg. 
D.  Suture.     See  Suture. 

Dura  [liu'-r.i/i)  [durus, hard].  The  Dura  mater,  q.  -. 
D.  mater,  the  outer  membrane  of  the  brain  and  spinal 
cord.  It  is  divided  into  the  cerebral &aft.  spinal  or 
rkachidian  dura,  and  its  cerebral  portion  is  in  part 
identical  with  the  endocranium.  D.  m.  testis,  the 
tunica  albuginea  of  the  testis. 

Duraematoma  \dur-,  >n-at-o' -niah).     See  Durematoma. 

Dural  [du'-ral)  [durus,  hard].     Pertaining  to  the  dura. 

Duramen  [dur'-am-en)  [durare,  to  harden].  In  biology, 
heart-  wood. 

Durande's  Solvent.  A  solvent  for  biliary  calculi ;  it 
consists  of  three  parts  of  ether  and  two  of  turpentine, 
administered  in  capsules  immediately  before  meals. 
D.  Treatment.     See  Treatment,  Methods  of. 

Duration  [du-raf -shun)  [durare,  to  last].  Continuance 
in  time.  D.  of  Life,  several  methods  of  ascertain- 
ing the  duration  of  life  are  employed:  I.  The  Mean 
Age  at  Death  ;  2.  the  Probable  Duration  of  Life  ;  3. 
the  Mean  Duration  of  Life;  4.  the  Expectation  of 
Life,  or  mean  after-lifetime  ;  and  5.  the  number  living 
out  of  which  one  dies  annually.  According  to  the 
English  Life-table  No.  3,  the  mean  age  at  death  is 
40. 9  years ,  but  this  test  is,  for  several  reasons,  fallacious, 
though  it  is  of  exceptional  interest  when  the  deaths 
from  various  diseases  are  considered.  See  Probable 
D.  of  L.,  Expectation  of  Life,  and  Life-table. 

Durematoma  [dur-em-at-o* '-man)  [dura,  hard;  alfia, 
blood;  dun,  tumor:  pi.,  Durematomata\  Hematoma 
of  the  dura ;  an  accumulation  of  blood  between  the 
dura  and  arachnoid. 

Durene  [du'-ren)  [durus,  hard]  C10HU.  A  hydrocar- 
bon, present  in  coal-tar.  It  is  a  crystalline  substance 
that  possesses  a  camphor-like  odor  ;  it  melts  at  79-800 

C,  and  boils  at  I900  C. 

Diirer,  Angle  of.  See  Angle.    D.,  Plane  of.  See  Plane. 

Durham's  Tube.  The  lobster-tail  tube  largely  used 
in  tracheotomy. 

Durilic  Acid  {itu-ril'-ik).      See  Acid,  Durilic. 

Duro-arachnitis  (du'-ro-ar-ah-ni'-tis)  [durus,  hard  ; 
apaxvri,  a  spider ;  inq,  inflammation].  Inflammation 
of  the  dura  and  arachnoid  membrane. 

Duroziez'  Murmur.  See  Signs  and  Symptoms,  Ta- 
ble of. 

Dusart-Blondlot's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Dust-occupations.  Those  that  from  the  nature  of 
the  particles  of  the  dust  produced  may  give  rise  to 
pneumoconiosis,  tuberculosis,  or  bronchitis. 

Dutch  {due//)  [ME.,  Dutche\      Pertaining  to  Holland. 

D.  Bitters.  See  Latifia.  D.  Gold,  an  alloy  of 
copper  and  zinc.  D.  Liquid.  See  Ethene  Chlorid. 
D.  Mineral,  copper  beaten  out  into  very  thin  leaves. 
D.  White.     Same  as  Hamburg  White. 

Duval's  Operation.     See  operations.   Table  of . 

Du  Verger,   Suture  of.     See   Suture.      D.    Method. 

See  Operations.  Table  of. 
Duverney,  Foramen  of.     See  Foramina,  Table  of.   D. 

Glands.     See  Gland. 
26 


Dware's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Dwarf  {dworf)  [ME. ,  dwarf].  A  being  characterized 
by  completed  physical  development,  but  having  the 
various  parts  of  unnaturally  small  dimension-,  owing 
to  insufficient  growth.  I  Im->  condition  is  frequently 
associated  with  sterility  and  impotence.  See  Nanism, 
Nanus.  D.  Elder,  the  Aralia  kispidia.  Its  rool 
is  a  valuable  diuretic.  l)oseof  rid.  ext  ,^j-ij.  Unof. 
D.  Tape-worm.     See  Tcenia  nana. 

Dyad  [di'-ad).     See  Quant ivalence. 

Dyaster  {di-as'-ter)  [J/c,  two ;  dor^p,  star].    In 

the  karyokinetic  figure  assumed  by  the  aster  of  a  divid- 
ing nucleus  before  the  formation  of  the  stars  at  the 
end-,  of  the  nuclear  spindle.  It  is  the  sixth  stage  of 
Karyokinesis. 

Dye  (di)  [ME.,  dyen,  to  dye].     To  color  a  substance 
by  immersing  it   in  Mime  coloring-matter.     The  ma- 
terial used  as  a  coloring  substance.     D. -stuffs. 
Pig  01  nts,  Colors,  and  Dye-stuffs. 

Dyer's  Broom.     See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Dyerism  [di'-er-izm)  [Dyer,  the  physician  who  proposed 
it].  A  simple  means  of  giving  exercise  to  all  the 
ocular  muscles  at  once.  It  consists  merely  in  reading 
a  certain  definite  small  amount  daily,  anil  increasing 
that  amount  systematically  as  the  strength  of  the  • 
increases. 

Dyerizing  (di'  -er-lz-ing).     See  Dyerism. 

Dynam  [di'-nam).     See  Dyne. 

Dynamia  (di-na'-me-ah)  [Hsrvapug,  power].  I.  Ability 
to  resist  diseases,  or  to  withstand  the  effects  of  any 
strain,  physical  or  mental.  2.  The  sthenic  character 
of  any  attack  of  disease. 

Dynamic  (cti-nam'-ik)  [dvvafitg,  energy].  Pertaining  to 
energy.  In  medicine,  a  synonym  of  Sthenic,  q.  v.  D. 
Squint.     See  Insufficiency. 

Dynamics  (di-nam'-iks).     See    Mechanics. 

Dynamite  {di'-nam-it)  [Sbvafwr,  power].  An  explo- 
sive  consisting  of  nitro-glycerin  incorporated  with  in- 
fusorial earth,  to  give  it  consistency.  It  is  eight  times 
as  powerful  as  gunpowder. 

Dynamization  {di-nam-iz-af -shun)  [Svva/ug,  power]. 
The  so-called  potentizing  of  medicines  by  comminu- 
tion and  agitation. 

Dynamo  [di'-nam-o]  [Sbva/ug,  power].  A  dynamo- 
electric  machine  ;  a  machine  that  generates  dynamic, 
or  current  electricity,  instead  of  static  electricity  ;  one 
in  which  the  current  is  generated  by  revolving  coiis 
of  insulated  wire  through  the  held  of  a  magnet  inten- 
sified by  the  same  current. 

Dynamogeny  [di-nam-oj' -en-e)  [dbva/ug,  energy;  yev- 
vav,  to  beget].  The  production  of  energy;  the  phys- 
iologic generation  of  force. 

Dynamograph  (di-nand-o-graf)  [Svva/ug,  power ; 
<■  iv,  to  write].      An  instrument  designed  to  meas 
and  graphically  record  muscular  strength. 

Dynamometer     {di-nam-om'-et-e        |  .     power ; 

.    a    measure].      An    instrument    designed    to 


Dynamometer  of  Mathieu.    (Landois.) 

measure  force,  or  one  for  the  measurement  of  muscu- 
lar strength,  particularly  of  the  hand. 
Dyne   (<////■    [fiiivautc,    power].      A    force    sufficient  to 


!>\  - 


402 


DYSMENORRH] A 


inv  otimeter  per  second  to  a 

mass  of  one  gram. 
Dys-  [/""•]   a  prefix  implying  difficulty,   illness,  bad- 
ness; it  may  be  represented  bj 

Dysacousma  painful  ; 

hearing].     A   sensation  oi  pain  01   discomfort  ca 

by  loud  <>r  c\ en  moderati 
Dysacusia,  or    Dysacousis 

Lifficulty 

Dyszesthesia 
Dysalbumose 

Dysanagnosia  [<Jt    .hard;  avay- 

reading].     Word-blindness;  dys- 
lexia. 
Dysaphc  .  painful;         .   touch].     Mor- 

•  touch. 
Dysapocatastasi>  [/<'..  hard; 

iblishment].      Morbid  restless 
and  dissatisfaction. 
Dysaponotocv  .  difficult; 

unless;    -■■-■■■■;,  birth.].      Painless,  but  difficult, 

Dysarthria  difficult;     ap 

articulation].      Impairment  of  the  power  of  spt  • 
articulation,  from    d  I    the  medulla  and  pons. 

D.  literalis.     Synonym  ol   Stammering. 

Dysarthrosis  ir-tk     '  rtr)    [<Jif-,    bad;  apdpov,  a 

joint],      i.    A  deformed  joint     2.   A   false-joint.     .}. 
lint. 

Dysbasi  .  ,  difficult;    IdaiQ ,  a  step] . 

Diffi  ultj    of  walking.     (Proposed   instead  of  abasia, 
as  in   the  affection  there   is  rarely  absolute  inability  to 

W.l 

Dysbulia  difficult;    hbXeadai,  to 

will].      Impairment  of  will  power. 
Dyscataposis  U-ap'-o-sis).     Synonym  of   Hydro- 

Dyschroa,  1  >r  Dyschrcea  [dis'-kro-ah  or  -kre'-ah)  { 
bad;    .  or].     Discoloration,  especially  of  the 

:u. 
Dyschromatopsia     [dis-kro-mat-of/ -se-ah)    [Svc-,    ill  ; 
.    vision].       Difficulty    in    distin- 

Dyschromia  >i/i)  \Svq-,  ill;  \pL>p.a,  color], 

ally  of  the  skin. 
Dyschylia    [dis-ki' -le-aK)    [owe-,    ill;    xv/"C,     chyle]. 

I  m  -  irder  of  the  chyle. 
Dyscinesia  ,    ill  ;    Kivqoig,    mo- 

m].      Difficult  or  painful  motion. 
Dyscoria  .  bad;  tedptj,  pupil].    Ab- 

rmality  of  the  form  of  tin-  pupil. 
Dyscrasia  |         .   bad;   K/tuTir.  combi- 

ed    or   abnormal    -t.it-  ;    an  al 
mal  or  impure  condition  of  the  blood,  due  to  general 

Dyscrasic,  Dyscratic 

mbination],     <  (f  the  nature  of,  or  af- 
fected with 
Dyseccea,  or  Dysecoia  i'-aK) 

1  lardness  ol  hearing. 
Dysenteria  r.       D. 

splenica.     Syn  mym  ol   .1/  'ena. 
Dysenteric  .    the 

].     'if  the  nature  of  or  affei  ted  with  dysentery. 
Dysentery  bad  : 

irked  by  inflam- 
mation of  t 

int'  ith  tormina  and  I  .  and  the  frequent 

pa-  md    bio  tools       I  ''ith    may 

ilt   from   asthenia,  01  u-  from    perforation. 


Toward  the  close  of  grave  cases  of  the  disease  the 
stools  ma)  become  watery,  black  (the  so  called  "tneat- 
,  and  of  an  offensive  gangrenous  odor. 
Dysentery  is  prevalent  in  all  malarious  regions,  and  i> 
also  likely  to  occur  among  troops  when  the  food  is 

poor  and  irritating,  and  the  drinking  water  impure. 
D.,  Algid,  that  form  characterized  bj  great  feebleness 
or  absence  <<i  the  pulse  beat,  cyanosis,  aphonia,  sup- 
pression of  urine,  cold  surface,  and  an  early  fatal 
issue.  D.,  Amebic,  that  in  which  the  Ameba  eoli  is 
found  in  the  stools.  D.,  Hemorrhagic,  a  grove 
bowel-disease  in  India,  marked  by  profuse  hemor- 
rhages from  the  bowels,  with  collapse.  D.,  Sporadic, 
a  mild  type  occurring  in  temperate  climates.  D., 
White,  an  epidemic  variety,  with  mucopurulent 
>t<  tols. 

Dysepulotic  (Jis-<-p-u-lot'-ik)  \iv  ,  bad;  eirouAunxof, 
healing].     Cicatrizing  slowly  ami  imperfectly. 

Dysesthesia  [dis-es-tke/-ze-ah\  \Svq-,  difficult;  ainiU/rni;, 
sensation].  Dulness  of  any  sensation,  especially  that 
of  touch.  2.  Painfullness  of  any  sensation  not  nor- 
mally painful.  D.  interna,  amnesia.  D.  receptiva, 
pain  or  distress  felt  in  the  vertex  or  occiput,  often  \\  ith 
a  feeling  "  as  if  the  head  were  being  opened  and  shut." 

Dysgenesis  [dis-jen* f-es-is)  [dvc-,  hard  ;   yeveaa;.  genera 
tion].      In  biology,  the  second  of  Broca's  four  degr  es 
of  fecundity — in  the  union  of  two  species.   Cf.  Agene- 
sis, Parogen  tis,  Eugenesis. 

Dysgeusia  [dis-ju' -se-ah)  [owe-,  ill  ;  yevatg,  tasti  ]. 
Morbidity  or  perversion  of  the  sense  of  taste. 

Dysgrammatism    (dis-gram/-at-izm\     [6vg-,    difficult; 
ypdftfm,  a  letter].     Inability  to  make  the  proper  11- 
words.      It  is  a  symptom  of  certain  cerebral  di-,ea>e>. 

Dysgraphia  [dis-graf '-e-ah)  [owe-,  difficult;  ; puipeiv , 
to  write].  I.  Inability  to  write,  as  a  result  of  a  brain- 
lesion.     2.   Imperfect  configuration  of  an  organ. 

Dyshidrosis  (dis-hid-ro'-sis).     See  Dysidrosis. 

Dysidrosis  {dis-id-r</-sis)  [owe-,  bad  ;  Idpooig,  sweat- 
ing]. Excessive  activity  of  the  sweat-glands,  in  asso- 
ciation with  a  retention  of  their  secretion,  probably 
due  to  some  neurotic  disorder.  See  Chiropompholyx, 
Pompholyx. 

Dyskinesia  [dis-kin-e/-se-ah>j  [owe-,  difficult;  Ktvr/cnc;, 
movement].  Impairment  of  the  power  of  voluntary 
motion.      See  Discin  sia. 

Dyslalia  {dis-la'-le-ah}  [owe  ,  difficult  ;  /n?rh\  to  talk]. 
Impairment  or  difficulty  of  speaking,  due  to  some 
non-central  lesion  (such  as  a  defect  of  the  vocal  bands 
or  of  the  palah 

Dyslexia   [dis-leks'-e-ah)    [owe-,  difficult;    '/>ii>\   read 
ing].     Morbid  or  aphasic  difficulty  or  fatigue   in   read- 
ing. 

Dyslochia  {dis-lo* -ke-aJi)  [ore-,  bad  ;  '/ii\/n,  the  lochia]. 
An  abnormal  condition  of  the  lochia!  discharge. 

Dyslogia  [dis-lo' '-je-ah)  [ot>c-,  difficult;  /'<;<».  speech]. 
Difficulty  in  >peech,  not  so  much  with  individual 
words  as  with  the  expression  ol'  ideas  ;  it  is  due  to 
some  central  lesion.     See  also    / 

Dyslysin  (dis'-lis-in)  \6vq-,  difficult ;  "Kbeiv,  to  di^-olve], 
(■,.,11,,-'  >...  A  resinous  anhydrid  of  cholalic  acid.  It 
is  insoluble  in  water,  alcohol,  and  alkalies.  It  is  a 
Hon  crystallifie  substance  soluble  in  an  excess  of  ether. 

Dysmenorrhea  {dis-men-or-e'-ah)  [o"«e  .  difficult;  ufp>, 
month;  freeiv,  to  flow].  Obstructed  or  difficult  men- 
struation. D.,  Congestive,  a  form  of  painful  men- 
struation  in  which  often  no  lesion  can  be  found,  the 
in  being  due  to  an  intense  congestion  of  the  pelvic 
viscera.  In  other  cases  there  exists  some  morbid  con- 
dition that  is  aggravated  by  the  menstrual  congestion. 
D.,  Intermediate,  pain  occurring  regularly  each 
month,  but  not  at  the  menstrual  period.  D.,  Me- 
chanical.    See  />  ,  Obstructive.     D.,  Membranous, 


DYSMEROGENESIS 


103 


DYSS1  ASIA 


painful  discharge  of  the  menstrua]  decidua  in  one  or 
more  large  pieces,  instead  ol  after  un  li  rgoin  ;  disin 
tegration.  D.  Mixture.  See  Guaiac  Mixtur  ,  /•  n- 
ner's.  D.,  Neuralgic.  See  />.,  Spasmodic.  Also,  a 
term  applied  to  Neurotic  dysmenorrhea,  q,  v.  D., 
Neurotic,  a  peculiar  form  ol  dysmenorrhea  oi  •  airing 
in  women  of  neurotic  temperament  and  marked  by 
neuralgic  pains,  not  confined  to  the  pelvis,  but  dis- 
tributed over  the  body.  D.,  Obstructive,  that  due 
to  mechanical  obstruction  to  the  free  escape  ol  the 
menstrua]  Quid.  It  is  usually  due  to  contraction  of 
the  cervical  canal,  associated  with  anteflexion  of  the 
uterus.  D.,  Ovarian,  that  form  in  which  the  pain  is 
apparently  entirely  in  the  ovaries.  It  is  aching  or  burn- 
ing in  character  and  referred  to  the  ovarian  cent  ,  a 
spot  at  the  level  of  and  about  two  inches  internal  to 
the  anterior  superior  iliac  spine.  D.,  Spasmodic, 
that  form  of  dysmenorrhea  due  to  spasmodic  uterine 
contraction.  It  i^  often  associated  with  deficient  uterine 
development. 

Dysmerogenesis  {dis-tner-o-jen' '-es-is\  \jSvc-,  bad;  pe- 
;»»,  apart;  yevvav,  to  beget].  In  biology,  a  variety 
of  budding  in  which  the  various  buds  are  very  dis- 
similar. 

Dysmimia   {dis-mim' -e-ah)    [due-,  difficult;    fufii 
to  mimic].      Aphasic  difficulty  in  using  Mgns  or  sym- 
bols in  lieu  of  words. 

Dysmnesia  (dxs-mne/-ze-ah)  \6vq-,  difficult;  jtvrjaiq, 
memory].      Impairment  or  defect  of  the  memory. 

Dysmorphia  (dis-mor/-fe-ah)  [due-,  ill;  popfi),  form]. 
I  )eformity. 

Dysmyotonia  {dis-mi-o-tof-ne-aK)  [dvg  ,  bad  ;  i/ir,  a 
muscle;  r6voc,  tone].  I.  Atony  of  the  muscles.  2. 
Excessive  tonicity  in  muscles;   myotonia. 

Dysneuria  [dis-nu' '-re-ak)  [due-,  bad;  vevpov,  nerve]. 
Nervous  disorder  or  distress  ;  sense-impairment. 

Dysnusia  (dis-nu' '-ze-ah)  [due-,  bad  ;  /ore,  mind]. 
Weakness  or  impairment  of  the  mind. 

Dysodia  (dis-of-de-ah)  [SvoutVa;  (h<<;-,  ill;  breiv,  to 
smell].  Fetor;  stench;  ill  smell.  Also  a  synonym 
of  Rhinitis  atrophica,  q.  v. 

Dysodontiasis  (dis-o-don-ti'-as-is)  [due-,  bad;  bfinv- 
Ttaaiq,  dentition].      Difficult  dentition. 

Dysodynia  [dis-o-dinf -e-ah)  [due-,  ill  ;  bdvvrj,  pain]. 
Ineffective  labor-pains. 

Dysopia  (dis-o* '  pe-ah)  [dwtwrta;  due-,  bad;  hip,  eye]. 
Defective  or  painful  vision.  D.  tenebrarum.  Syn- 
onym of  Hemeralopia. 

Dysorexia  (dis-or-eks' '-e-ah)  \fivc-,  ill ;  ope^ir,  appetite]. 
A  depraved  or  unnatural  appetite. 

Dysosmia  (dis-oz/-me-ah)  [due-,  ill;  bafirj,  odor],  i. 
An  unpleasant  or  fetid  odor.  2.  Loss  or  impairment 
of  the  sense  of  smell. 

Dysosphresia  [dis-os-fref -ze-ah)  [due-,  ill;  b(70f»/n/c, 
smell].      Impairment  ol"  tin-  sense  of  smell. 

Dysostosis  (dis-os-to'-sis)  [Stic-,  ill;  barkav,  bone]. 
Defective  formation  of  bone. 

Dyspareunia  (dis-par-oo' '-ne-ah)  [dvanapewoc,  ill- 
mated].  Painful  or  difficult  performance  of  copula- 
tion from  physical  incompatibility. 

Dyspepsia  [dis-pep/  re-ah)  [due-,  difficult;  iriirTetv,  to 
digest].      Impaired   or   imperfect   digestion.      It    may 

-  be  acute,  from  some  error  in  diet,  or  chronic,  due  to 
catarrh  of  the  mucous  coat  of  the  stomach,  the  presi 
of  abnormal  ferments,  or  to  other  slowly  acting  patho- 
logic conditions  of  the  viscus.  D..  Atonic,  a  derange- 
ment of  the  stomach,  with  disi  >rder  i  >f  its  functions,  due 
to  insufficient  quantity  or  impaired  quality  of  the  gastric 
juice,  or  to  deficient  action  of  the  gastric  muscles.  D., 
Colonic.  See  Enteritis,  Membranous.  D.,  Duode- 
nal. See  Enteritis,  Membranous.  D.,  Follicular. 
Synonym  of  Enteritis,  Membranous.     D.,  Intestinal, 


due    to    defects    in    the    pancreatic,    biliary,    or    in- 
tinal    secretions,    or   to  defii  ienl   :  1 1   i , 

marked  by  borborygtoi,  flatulence,  etc.  D.,  Irrita- 
tive, the  catarrhal  form  oi  imp.  ri  don. 
D.,  Nervous,  that  form  characterized  by  sensations 
of  distress  and  uni  a  iness  dming  digestion,  although 
tin-  act  is  accomplished  within  the  physiologic  timi 
limit.  It  occurs  most  frequently  in  those  "t  the  i 
rotic  constitution.  D.,  Smokers'.  See  />.,  Tobacco. 
D.,  Tobacco,  that  due  to  excessive  use  "\  tobai  > 

Dyspepsodynia     (dis-pep-so-din'-e-ah).      Synonym    .  .1 
Gastraigia. 

Dyspepsy  (a'is-pep'-se).     See  Dyspef 

Dyspeptic  [dii  pep/-ttk)  [due  .  diffii  ull  ;   -  rrreiv,  to  di 
gest].     i.    Relating  to  oi  affected  with  dyspepsia.     2. 
<  >ne  who  has  dyspepsia. 

Dyspeptone   (dis-pep* '-tin)   [di    ,  difficult; 
digest].     An  insoluble  and  unassimilable  product  of 
tin-   gastric   digestion    of  proteids.     See   A/r/apeptone 
and  Heniiprotcin. 

Dysperistalsis  [dis-per-is-iaP -sis)  [due-,  painful  ;  wept, 
around;  rrrii'/ni<;,  compression].  Violent  peristaltic 
action  of  the  intestine. 

Dyspermatism      (dis-pet^-mat-izm)      [d?r-,     diffii 
a-fpun,   seed].      I  >iffi<  ulty   of  depositing    the    .^perm 
within  tin-  vagina. 

Dyspermia  (dis-perm/-e-ah).     See  Dvsspermia. 

Dysphagia    (dis-fa' '-je-ah)    [due-,    ill:  .   t'>  eat]. 

Difficult}-  in  swallowing,  or  inability  to  swallow.  D., 
Convulsive.  Synonym  of  /  -*:  trismus.  D.  glo- 
bosa,  globus  hystericus.  D.  hysterica.  Synonym  of 
Globus  hystericus.  D.  spastica,  dysphagia  due  to 
hysteric  spasm  of  the  esophagus  or  pharynx. 

Dysphasia    [dis-fa' '-ze-ah)    [due-,    ill;   <pdaig,    speech]. 
Imperfect  or  disconnected  speech,  arising  from  h.>s  of 
or  faulty  arrangement  of  words,  and  dependent  u 
a  central  lesion. 

Dysphonia  (dis-fof'-ne-ah)  [due-,  difficult ;  <pwvj},  voice]. 
A  condition  ot  defective  voice  ;  hoarseness.  It  is  due 
to  some  acute  or  chronic  inflammatory  condition,  new- 
growths,  paralysis,  or  ulcerations  of  the  vocal  bands. 
D.  clericorum,  chronic  glandular  laryngitis;  clergy- 
man's sore-throat,  17.7'.  D.  spastica,  speakers'  cramp  ; 
stammering  of  the  vocal  bands. 

Dysphoria  (dis-fo' -re-ah) [due-, difficult;  ftpeiv,  to  bear] . 
Impatience  and  restlessness ;   mental  anxiety;  fidgets. 

Dysphrasia  (dis-fra' '-zhe-ah)  [due-,  ill  ;  opaoic,  speech]. 
Imperfect  speech,  due  to  impairment  of  the  mental 
powers.  Kussmaul's  term  for  a  mental  condition  in 
which  the  emotion  is  opposed  to  the  words  designed 
to  express  it. 

Dysphrenia  (dis-fre/ -ne-ah)  [due-,  bad;  ",i/,r,  mind]. 
Any  mental  disorder. 

Dyspnea  (disp-ne/ -ah)  [Arc-,  difficult;  irvieiv,  to 
breathe].  Difficult  or  labored  breathing,  arising  from 
various  causes,  as  laryngeal  or  tracheal  obstruction, 
heart-disease,  kidney-disease,  lung-disease,  or  anemia. 
It  may  be  either  inspiratory  or  expiratory,  according 
as  it  is  mainly  dependent  upon  the  muscle>  of  inspira- 
tion or  expiration  ;  or  it  may  be  general,  that  is,  both 
inspiratory  and  expiratory.  D.,  Asthmatic,  that  due 
to  asthma.  D.,  Cardiac,  that  due  to  heart-disease 
D.,  Postural.  See  Orthopnea.  D.,  Renal,  that  due 
to  renal  disease.  D.,  Uremic,  that  due  to  uremia. 
D.,  Rhythmic.     See  Cheyne-Stokes  Respirat 

Dyspneic  (disp-ne'-ik)  [''re-,  difficult;  trvketv,  to 
breathe].  Affected  with  or  caused  by  dyspnea.  D. 
Coma.     See  Coma  diaceticum. 

Dysspermia  (dis-spert-me-ah)  [due-, ill;  a-ipna,  seed]. 
An  imperfect  or  abnormal  condition  of  the  semen. 

Dysstasia,  or  Dystasia  {dis-taf -ze-ah)  \Svq-,  ill; 
Grume,    standing].       Difficulty    in    standing.       A     term 


vTAXIA 


104 


I   \k  I  II 


pr  > 

abs  ilul  D.    Dysbasia. 

Dystaxia  -""»• 

teleologic  •  l,,r 

teleology 

•   rudimentary 

liform  appendix, 
ainful  ;    8 

■'<}       \  ith. 

Dysthela-   i  !  »  to 

:ult)  in  »r  in  giving  suck. 

ill  ]     i  llj  ill  health  due  to  a  non- 

2.    impatience; 

Dysthetic  "   do  or  feel  ill]. 

Dysthymia  ■  •  mind]. 

iion.     D.  algetica,  men- 

lue   to  j  nerve-irritation.    D. 

neuralgica,  iiuni.i.  lie  to  facial  or  other 

Dystithia  .    difficult;     nrB 

■r  inability  to  nurse  at 

■ 

Dystocia  .  birth]. 

D.,  Fetal,  difficult  labor  due  to  such 


fetal  irregularities  as  displacement  of  the  arm,  exces- 
sive  size,  plural  pregnancy,  monsters,  etc.  D.,  Ma- 
ternal, <hi<-  to  some  defect  on  the  >i<i^-  of  the  mother, 
as  peh  ic  deformity  or  disi 

Dystonia  //    ah)   [due-,  ill;  rdvoc,  tone].     Dis 

•  lack  of  tonii  it)  , 

Dystopia  |        .ill;   rdrroc,  place].      Dis- 

placement "I  anj  organ. 

Dystrophia  {dis-tro,-fe-aK).     See  Distrophy. 

Dystrophic   {dis-tro* -fik\    [due-,    bad ;    7/ mo//,  nourish 
ment  ].     Po<  irly  nourished. 

Dystrophoneurosis  (,lis-tro/'-o-nu-ri/-sis)  [dw  ,  bad  ; 
-<>,,, ,r,  nourishmenl  ;  vevpov,  a  nerve;  vdeog,  disease], 
A  disturbance  of  nutrition  caused  by  abolition  or 
perversion  of  nervous  influence  ;  or  a  nervous  disease 
caused  by  ill-nutrition. 

Dystrophy  [disf -tro-fe\  [due-,  bad;  Tp6<j>rj,  nourish- 
ment]. Imperfect  or  faulty  nourishment  D.,  Prim- 
ary Muscular.      Sec  Atrophy,  Idiopathic  Muscular. 

Dystropodextrin     {dis-tro-po-deks' -trin)     ['hr-,     bad  ; 
,  to  turn  ;  dexter,  right].      A  starchy  material 
sting  in  normal  blood,  and  but  slightly  soluble. 

Dysulotous  ydis-u' -lo-tus)  [duaofrAurog  ad  ;  ev/.i,, 

i  J       1  [ealing  with  difficulty. 

Dysuria  [diz-uf -re-aK)  [due-, ill  ;  oipov,  urine].  Difficult 
or  painful  urination  ;  it  may  be  due  to  calculi,  cystitis, 
spasm,  stricture. 

Dysuric  (diz-u'-rik)  [3vg-,  ill ;  oipov,  urine].  Aflected 
with  or  relating  to  dysuria. 

Dysury  {diz'  -u-re).     Same  as  Dysuria. 


E.  ind  Emmetropia. 

'■'.     I  Force. 

Ext.  turn. 

Eagle-wood  urn. 

Ear    , '  .    [  \1 1    .  .   oi  hearing.     It 

ear,  the  middle  ear  or 

i    labyrinth.      II- 

E.- 

ache.  E.-bone,  an    auditory  o--,icle. 

E  .  Cj'.  r  it  to  resem- 

E. -cough,  reflex  cough  from 

in  E. -crystal,  an 

E. -deformities  He,  and 

ternal 
n  imed  de 

/.  i-  an 
I  that  tin 

.  and 
arti- 

folds.    It 

:  r 

E     Drum  of.  turn. 

E.-fingei  ittle 

i    which 


it  is  pendulous,  as  in  certain  animals.     E. -giddiness, 
a  synonym  of  MSniire's  Disease.      E.-hole,  the  exter- 
nal auditory  meatus.      E.,    Inflammation  of.     See 
Otitis.     E.,  Internal,  the  Labyrinth,  q.  v.    E.-lobe, 
the  lobe  of  the  ear.     E.,  Middle.     See  Tympanum. 
E. -sneezing,  sneezing  produced  by  inflammation  of 
the   ear.      E. -spoon,  a   curet   used   in    removing   cei 
umen.       E.  stone.     See    Otolith.      E. -trumpet,    an 
instrument  lor  gathering  a  larger  number  of  waves  of 
sound  to  a  focus,  and    thus  improving  the  hearing  of 
those   partially  deaf.      E. -tumor,    Hematoma   auris, 
//.  v.     E, -vertigo,  a  synonym  of  Meniere's  Disi 
E. -vomiting,   reflex    vomiting    from    auditory    dis 
ease.      E.-wax.     Sec;   Cerumen.      E. -wig,  an   insect 
■fieula  auricula'  ly    supposed    to   have 

a  fondness  for   secreting  itself  in   the  external  audi- 
tor}- meatus. 
Earth   [erth)    [ME.,   erthe,    earth].      In   chemistry,    a 
name  given   to  various   metal lii  oxids  or  silicates,  not 
soluble  in  water  and  not  affected  by  gnat   heat.    E., 
Alkaline,  the  oxids  and  hydrates  of  calcium,  magne 
sium,  strontium,  barium,  and  othei  metals  of  the  same 
up.      E.-bath.  a  -and  bath.      See  Bath.      E.,  Ci- 
molian.      Sec     Cimolian.      E. -closet,     a    privy    in 
which  the  dejecta  are  disposed   of  by  the  Dry-earth 
'era,   ,/.  t.      E.-cure,  the  therapeutic  use  of  earth, 
.  mud.  or  -and.      E. -dressing,  a  dressing  of  earth 
wounds,  brui  It  has  marked  deodorizing 

E.,  Fuller's,  a  clay  u  an   absorbent 

dl<  -ore-.  See      ;ll-o      .  1  III lllotlli  rat'V,      BoU. 


EAR 


105 


EAR 


E. -worm,  a  common  soil  inhabiting  worm,  Lumbricus 
terrestris.  An  oily  liniment  prepared' from  earth- 
worms is  vulgarly  he-id  in  lii.u'h  esteem  a>  a  relaxant 
for  contracted  tendons.      In    Russia  a   preparation  of 

eartli  worms  is  highly  valued  as  a  diuretic. 


Osseous   Labyrinth  of   the 
i   imina  spiralis 
ea). 
I,  2,  3.  Semicircular  canals.     4. 
Mile.      5.    Ampulla.     6. 
1      .  e  a    semi  -  elliptica.       7. 
1  liemispherica.  S.  t ''•.  b- 
lea.     9.  Origin   of  1  a  ra  1  a  a 
10    Foramen 
rotundum. 


Osseous  and  Membranous 
vrinth  of  the  Ear. 

tibular  branch  of  audi- 
tory nerve.  2  Brani  li  for 
sacculus.  3.  Branch  for  utric- 
ulus.  4.  Branch  for  ampulla 
of  membranous  posterior 
semicircular  canal  5.  Branch 
for  ampulla  of  external  canal 
6.  Branch  for  ampulla  of  supe- 

Cerior   canal.      7.    Cochlear 
ranch  of  auditory  nerve.    8. 


Cochlea. 


The  Ear. 

1  Pinna,  or  auricle.  2  Concha.  3.  External  auditory  canal. 
4  Membrana  tympani.  5.  Incus.  6.  Malleus.  7.  Manu- 
brium mallei  S.  Tensor  tympani.  9.  Tympanic  cavity.  10. 
Eustachian  tube.  11.  Superior  semicircular  canal.  12.  Pos- 
terior semicircular  canal.  13.  External  semicircular  canal. 
14.  Cochlea.  15.  Internal  auditory  canal.  16  Facial  nerve. 
17.  Large  petrosal  nerve.  [8.  Vestibular  branch  of  auditory 
nerve.     19.  Cochlear  branch. 


Auditory  Ossicles. 

1.  Head  of  Malleus.  2.  Processus 
brevis.  3.  Processus  gracilis.  4. 
Manubrium.  5.  Long  process  of  in- 
cus. 6.  Articulation  between  incus 
and  stapes      7.  Stapes. 


Membranous  Labyrinth  of  the  Ear. 

Distribution  of  the  vestibular  branch  of  the  auditory  nerve  to 
the  membranous  labyrinth ;  membranous  vestibule  and 
semicircular  canals.     X  3. 

1.  Vestibular  branch.  2.  Saccular  branch.  3.  Utricular  branch. 
4.  Branch  to  ampulla  of  external  membranous  semicircular 
canal.  5.  Branch  to  ampulla  of  superior  membranous  semi- 
circular canal. 


Cochlea  (Lamina  spiralis  ossi-  v  . 

,  i,  1.  Surrounding  bony  structure.  2.  Semi-infundibu'iforrn 
lamella.  3.  Its  concave  surface.  4.  Concave  border  in 
which  it  terminates.  5.  Anterior  extremity  of  this  border. 
6.  Cupola  1    two-thirds  removed.     7.  Inferior  portion 

of  base  of  semi-infundibulifonn  lamella.    S.  S.  Lamina 
ralis  ossea.     9.   Its  origin.     10.  Its  beak  or  terminal  : 
ii,  11.    Scala   tympani       12     Scala    vestibuli.      13.  Internal 
auditory  canal.     14.  Fossa  at  the  base  of  the  modiolus. 


Cochi i 

1.  Scala  tympani.  2  Scala  vestibuli.  3.  Anterior  or  triangu- 
lar canal.  4.  Posterior  or  quadrilah  r-piral 
ligament.  6.  External  spiral  sulcus  7.  Membrana  tectoria, 
or  membrane  of  Corn.  v  Membrana  basilaris  9.  Spiral 
10.  Limbus  lamina?  spiralis.  11  Pillars  of  organ 
of  Corti.  12.  Branch  of  cochlear  nerve.  13.  Gai  _ 
spirale  14.  Branch  of  cochlear  nerve  between  the  lamellae 
of  the  lamina  spiralis  ossea.  15.  One  of  the  orifices  by 
which  this  branch  penetral  anal  of  C  Part 
.■1  bonj  cochlea.  17.  Lininf  ,  Membrane  of 
Reissner. 


1  VSTON'S  -\  kl  r 


406 


I  I   IIINul'Kliir.M 


Easton's  Syrup. 

Eat   it    [AS.,«tM,  to  eat].      I*o  masticate  and  swallow 

Eau,   )[Kr]      Water.     E.  de  Cologne,  cologne  water. 

E.  de  Vie,  brand)  ;  alcoholic  -i'iiit. 
Eberth's   Bacillus.     3  Table 

E's.  Lines.      S 
Ebner"s  Glands. 
Eboli's  Te- 
Ebonite  Black  hard  rubber. 

Ebracteate  riv.  ;    bra  t  a,   a    thin 

].     Inli 

'holism. 

Ebriety,  Ebriosit  Synonym 

ein's  Theory.      \  I  to  the  •  'li^in  of  gout. 

1  nutritivi  listurbance  is  thejpri- 

m  try  change,  rosis,  and  in  the  necrotic 

ted.      E.'s    Treatment. 

Ebullition 

Ebur  11      [1    ]       Ivory.     E.  dentis,  dentine,  q.v. 

Eburnation  .    ivory].      1.    In- 

ituents    of   bone    causing 
tsityof  the  same.     2.  Ossification 
us  infiltration  of  a  tumor. 
Eburneous  .  ivory].      In   Wiology, 

Ecalcarate  |  [ ',  priv.  ;  calcar,  a  spur].    In 

ur  or  spur-like  pr<  cess. 
Ecannate       -':>■'  in  at)    [  ,  priv.  ;   carina,  keel].      In 

1  carina  or  keel  like  structure. 
Ecaudate  iitda,  a  tail].       In 

.    without  a  tail  like  appendage.      See 
./ 
Ecballium  See  Elaterium. 

Ecblepharos  ir-os)   [/*,  out ;   (itefapov,  eye- 

lid]. :it  form  of  artificial  eye. 

Ecbloma  ,OUt;    in'/'/fiv,  to  cast].    An 

i  fetus. 
Ecbolic  ;  throwing  out].   I.    A 

tit.i  j.  A  -ubstance  used  to  produce  abortion.  <>r 

irition;    an  abortifacient. 
Ecbolin  [ex,  out ;    A*//,,  a    throw].       An 

f  the  active  principles  of  ergot. 
■vn  about  it. 
Ecbolium  ov;  ex,  out;    Q&T&eiv, 

/].    Any  abortifacient  drug. 
Eccentric  .  center].      I. 

lliar  in  behavior,  but 

E.   Amputation.     See  Amputa- 

E.  Convulsion,  one  due  to  peripheral  irritation. 

Eccentricity  [ex,out;  xevrpov, center]. 

1  •    behavior  without  true  in- 

;ritv. 

Ecchondroma  [ex,  out;   %6vdpog,  car 

\  cartilaginous  tumor; 

Ecchondros:  vipog,  car- 

\     cartilaginous    out- 

Ecchondrotome 

trument    for    the 

[TOWths. 

Ecchymom.i  ,.,llf,t  an  ecchymo- 

tumor  made  upoi  extrav- 

Ecchymosi-- 

Id  into  the  sub  utam 

ration  ol 
'■"<  tne  '  ing  to  brown,  green, 


and  yellow.     It  is  often  the  result  of  traumatism.    See. 
also,  Purpura. 

Ecchymotic  [ek-e-mot* -ik\  [inxv/ibeadai,  to  extravasate 
blood].     Relating  to  or  looking  like  ecchymosis. 

Ecchysis  [ek'-kis-is)  \_ii\  \  ran •,  a  pouring  out].  Any 
skin-disease  characterized  by  effusion  into  the  dermal 
tissue. 

Eccoprosis  [ek-o-pr& '-sis)  [ex,  out;  xdirpoc,  feces], 
( rentle  purgation  ;  defecation, 

Eccoprotic  [ek-o-prof '-ik)  [ex,  out;  Kbirpoc,  feces].  1. 
Gently  aperient.   2.  An)  aperient  remedy ;  a  purgative. 

Eccrinology  (ek-rin-ol* -o-je\  [kicpiveiv,  to  excrete  ;  JWj  <»  . 
science].  The  science  of  excretion,  including  its 
physics,  physiology,  and  pathology. 

Eccyesis  [ek-si-e,-sis')  [ex,  out ;  Kbqoic,  pregnancy]. 
Extra-uterine  gestation. 

Eccyliosis    [ek-Si  .1    [ex,  out;    KvTuetv,  to   roll]. 

Any'disorder  of  development. 

Ecdemic  [ek-demf-ik)  [ruthifioq,  away  from  home]. 
Applied  to  diseases  originating  in  a  distant  locality; 
not  endemic. 

Ecdemiomania  [ek-de-me-o-ma'-ne-ah),  or  Ecdemo- 
mania  {ek-de-?no-ma,-ne-ah\  [Ixdip/ioc,  away  from 
home;  fiavla,  madness].  Insanity  marked  by  a  de- 
sire for  wandering. 

Ecdemionosus  {ek-de-me-on'-o-sus)  [kicihifiieiv,  to  wan- 
der;   vbaog,  disease].      Ecdemiomania. 

Ecderon  (<  k' -der-011)  [ex,  out;  rft'poc,  skin].  I.  Thai 
layer  of  skin  or  mucous  membrane  that  lies  outside  of 
the  enderon.  2.  The  outermost  or  epithelial  layer  of 
skin  or  mucous  membrane. 

Ecderonic  (ek-der-on* -ik)  [ex,  out  ;  Skpoc,  skin].  Be- 
longing to  or  of  the  nature  of  the  ecderon. 

Ecdysis  (ekr-dis-is)  [  /Ac /r,  to  cast  off].  In  biology, 
the  sloughing  or  casting  off  of  the  skin. 

Ecgonin  \ek'-go-nin),  C^H^NC^A  H^O.  An  alkaloid 
produced  in  the  decomposition  of  cocain  by  HC1.  It 
is  very  soluble  in  water,  more  sparingly  in  alcohol, 
and  consists  of  prismatic  crystals  that   melt  at  2050  C. 

Echidnin  (e-kid'-nin)  [e^fW,  viper].  I.  Serpent- 
poison  ;  the  poison  or  venom  of  the  viper  and  other 
similar  serpents.  2.  A  nitrogenous  and  venomous 
principle  found  in  the  poison-secretion  of  various  ser- 
pents. 

Echinacea  [ek-in-af -se-ah\  \f>dvoc,  a  hedgehog],  A 
genus  of  coarse  composite  plants  of  N.  America.  E. 
angustifolia.  Black  Sampson.  The  root  of  a  peren- 
nial herb  growing  in  the  U.  S.  It  is  claimed  that  it 
possesses  marked  alterative  value  in  strumous  and 
syphilitic  conditions.  Dose  of  the  fluid  extract  n^xy— 
xxx.      Unof. 

Echinate  (ekf-in-at)  \echinatus,  prickly,  from  echinus, 
a  hedgehog].      Beset  with  prickles. 

Echinochrome    [e-kif -no-krom\    [kx'ivoc,  a  sea-urchin  ; 
/</,  color].      In    biology,  a  brown    pigment    of 
respirator}'  function  found   by  MacMunn   in    the  peri- 
visceral fluid  of  Echinus. 

Echinochromogen     [e-ki-no-kr& '-tno-Jen)     [t\irnc,     a 
urchin;      i/ir'uni,     color;      ;''■//.    producing].       In 
biology,  the    chromogen    causing    the    deepening    of 
color  in  echinochrome  on  exposure  to  air. 

Echinococcus  {e-ki-no-kok' -us)  \?xivoc,  a  hedgehog; 
"< .  a  berry].  In  biology,  the  same  as  E.  veteri- 
norum.  the  hydatid  of  the  Tania  echinococcus  of  the 
dog,  the  most  universally  distributed  of  all  the  hyda- 
tids. It  is  found  mainly  in  the  liver  and  in  the  lungs 
of  cattle.     See  Parasites  {Animal),  Table  of. 

Echinopedium  [e-ki-no-pe'-de-umS  [*'j7w>c,  a  sea- 
urchin  ;  rrai6!av,  dim.  of  7ra/c  (tt«/A),  a  child].  In 
biology,  Huxley's  term  for  the  bilaterally  symmetric 
larva  of  an  echinoderm  just  as  it  leaves  the  egg.  It 
in  many  ways  resembles   a   worm-larva.     <  f.  I'lutcus. 


K<  II  I. V  (PLACID 


•107 


I  I   PIIY.MA 


Echinoplacid    (e-ki-no-plrs'-id)    [  a  sea-urchin  ; 

tt'/ii-,  a  plate].      In  biology,  applied  to  echinoderms 
having  spines  on  the  madreporic  plate. 

Echinorhyncus  (e-ki-no-rin' -kus)  \_i.\n<"  ,  hedgeh 
/■i  i  •» ,  beak].  A  worm  parasitic  within  certain  ani- 
mals and  occasionally  found  in  man.  E.  gigas  i- 
the  best-known  species.  E.  hominis  is  smaller,  and 
i>  perhaps  an  immature  form  of  the  other.  See  Para- 
sties  I  Animal),   Table  of. 

Echinulate  (e-kin'-u-ldt)  [ecAinulus,  dim.  of  echinus,  a 
hedgehog].  In  biology,  beset  with  prickles  of  small 
size. 

Echitamin  [e-kti'-am-in),  ( '.,.,1 1..V(  •,.  Anamorphous 
alkaloid  of  Dita,  with  a  paralyzing  power  comparable 
to  that  of  curare.      It  is  also  called  Ditain. 

Echitenin  {e-kW -en-in  i,  C.,,,1 !._.- X<  >,.  An  amorphous, 
brown  alkaloid  of  Dita,  soluble  in  alcohol  and  water. 

Echlorophyllose    [e-klo-ro-fiV -os)     [f,    priv.;     \/> 
yellowish-green;  tpb/iXov,  a  leaf].     In  biology,  desti- 
tute of  chlorophyl. 

Echma  [ek'-mah)  [■!,""•  a  stoppage :  pi.,  Echmata~\. 
A  stoppage  or  obstruction. 

Echmasis  [ek'-mas-is)  [/ 1""-;"  .  l"  hinder:  pi.,  Ech- 
mases~\.      An  obstruction  or  an  obstructive  disease. 

Echmatic  [ek-maf-ik)  \_i\\inum  ,  to  hinder].  Due  to  or 
marked  by  an  echmasis  or  an  echma. 

Echo  (e&f-o)  ['/A'^N  a  sound].  A  reverberated  sound. 
E.-sign,  a  symptom  of  epilepsy  and  other  brain- 
conditions  in  which  there  is  a  repetition  of  the  closing 
wonl  or  words  of  a  sentence.  It  is  regarded  as  the 
result  of  perverted  will,  or  impaired  or  defective  inhi- 
bition. E. -speech,  a  peculiar  method  of  utterance  in 
one  type  of  hypnotism. 

Echokinesia,  Echokinesis  [ek-o-kin-e,-ze-ah,ox-e,-sis) 
\_iiX<l>,  echo  ;  nivr/aic,  motion].  Imitative  unwilled  ac- 
tion, like  that  observed  in  palmus  or  latah.  See  Pal- 
mus  and  Habit-spasm. 

Echolalia  (ek-o-la'-le-ah)  [//jw,  echo  ;  /.a/.tn,  talk].  An 
aphasic  symptom  consisting  in  a  repetition  of  words 
spoken  to  the  patient  by  others. 

Echometer  [ek-om' '-et-er)  \_iix<->,  sound  ;  jierpov,  a  meas- 
ure].    A  stethoscope. 

Echopathy  {ek-opr -ath-e)  [jyjw,  echo  ;  nadog,  disease]. 
Any  automatic  and  purposeless  repetition  of  a  word 
or  sound  heard  or  of  an  act  seen. 

Echophotony  [ek-o-fof '-o-ne)  [_>'/yu,  echo  ;  fag,  light ; 
t&voc,  tone].  The  production  of  the  sensation  of  color 
by  the  stimulus  of  aerial  waves,  or  sound.  See  Phon- 
ism,  Photism. 

Echophrasia  (ek-o-fi-a'-ze-ali)  [^jw,  echo;  opaciq, 
speech].     Same  as  Echolalia. 

Echos  (e/-kos)  [^Xoc>  sound].  Any  subjective  sensa- 
tion, as  of  a  sound  that  has  no  objective  cause. 

Echoscope  irk'-o-skop)  [//^w,  sound ;  oicoireiv,  to  ex- 
amine].     A  stethoscope. 

Echuja  (ck'-u-jaJi).  An  apocynaceous  plant,  Adenium 
bcehmianum,  of  Africa.      It  is  extremely  poisonous. 

Echujin,  Echugin  (ck'-n-jin).  A  poisonous  glucosid 
from  the  plant  called  Echuja  ;  it  has  much  the  same 
effects  as  strophanthin. 

Eciomania  [ek-e-o-maf -ne-aK).     See  Oikiomania. 

Ecker's  Angle.  See  Angle.  E.  Fissure.  See  Fis- 
sure. 

Eclampsia  {ek-lamp* '-se-ah)  [tK?dinreir.  to  shine  or 
burst  forth  ;  from  the  suddenness  of  the  attack].  I. 
A  sensation  as  of  a  light  flashing  before  the  eyes. 
[Obsolete].  2.  Any  epileptiform  seizure,  espe- 
pecially  one  in  which  consciousness  is  not  lost  3. 
Puerperal  convulsion.  A  convulsive  or  epileptiform 
seizure  suddenly  coming  on  in  a  woman  prior  to  or 
during  labor,  or  in  the  puerperal  state.  The  convul- 
sions are  first  tonic  and  then  clonic,  and  finally  affect 


the  involuntary  muscles  as  well  as  the  voluntary  ; 
consciousness  is  lo.^t,  and  the  attack  is  followed  bj 
coma  or  sleep.  The  etiology  is  obscure,  the  attack 
generally  repeated,  the  prognosis  grave.  The  term 
eclampsia  is  also  used  a^  a  general  designation  for 
convulsions,  and  besides  the  puerperal  form  described 
there  are  the  infantile  and  uremic  types.  See  Convul- 
sions. E.  nutans,  the  nodding  spasm  or  salaam  a  n 
vulsion  of  young  1  hildren       In  tl  tion  the  head 

and  upper  part  of  the  body  are  bowed  forward  several 
times  in  succession.      The   attacks   tend   to  occur  in 
paroxysms,  during  which  the  child  suffers  temporarily 
from  disordered  consciousness. 
Eclampsic  [ek-lamp/-sik).  amptie. 

Eclamptic  {ek-lamp* -tik\  [enXa/iireiv,  to  shine  or  burst 
forth].  Relating  to,  affected  with,  or  of  the  nature  of, 
eclampsia. 
Eclectic  {ek-lek' -tilt)  \iK/\eKTUc6aig,  selection].  Pertain- 
ing to  a  choosing  or  selection.  Applied  by  a  certain 
school  of  physicians  to  themselves,  to  denote  their 
principle  or  plan  of  selecting  or  choosing  that  which 
is  good  from  all  other  schools. 
Eclecticism    [ek-lek* '-tis-izm)    \iKkeKTut60tg,  selection]. 

The  doctrine  and  practice  of  the  Eclectics. 
Eclegm  [ek'-lem\    \j K/nyfia,  an  electuary].      An  elect- 
uary. 
Eclegma,  or  Ecleigma  [ek-leg/-maA,  ek-hg,-mah\  [«, 
out;     ?.eixew,  to   lick:    //.,    Eclegmata\.       An    elec- 
tuary. 
Eclimia  [ek-lim'-e-ak)  [tuTu/ila].     Same  as  Bulimia. 
Eclipsis  (ck-lip'-sis)  [kiutettytg,  a  dying  out].      A  sudden 
failure  ;   trance  ;   catalepsy  ;  a  sudden  and  transient  loss 
or  impairment  of  consciousness. 
Eclysis  (ck'-lis-is)  \jEKkvoig,  a  release,  a  loosening].    Any- 
loosening,  as  of  the  bowels.      Also  a  slight  amount  of, 
or  merely  a  tendency  to,  syncope.     It  is  present  in 
anemia  of  the  brain. 
Ecmnesia  (ek-mne/-ze-aA)   [en,  out;   uvi'rsic,  memory]. 
The  dropping  out  of  the  memory  of  the   events  of  a 
certain  portion  of  time. 
Ecnea  (ek-ne'-ah)  [in,  out  ;   vovg,  mind].      Insanity. 
Ecoid  (e/-koid)  [ol/coc,  house].      A  blood-shadow  ;   the 
colorless  stroma  or  framework  of  red  coquiscles  of  the 
blood  that  have  been  deprived  of  their  hemoglobin  ;   a 
shadow-corpuscle. 
Economy  (e-ko/i'-o-me)    [oIkoc,  house  ;    vdfiog,  a    law]. 
A  general  name  for  the  human  being  considered  as  a 
whole. 
Ecorticate  [e-kor' '-tik-dt)  [e,  priv.  ;   cortex,  bark].       In 

biology,  destitute  of  a  cortical  layer. 
Ecouvillon  {a-koo-vef-yon(g))\J<T.\   See  Ecouvillot 
Ecouvillonage  [a-koo-ve-yon-ahzh' ')  [Fr. ].    The  opera- 
tion of  cleansing,  and  carrying  medicinal  agents  to,  the 
inside  of  the  uterus  by  means  of  a  brush. 
Ecphlysis  (ek'-Jlis-is)  \iKf'Avretv,  burst  out :  //.,  Ecphly- 

se.f\.      Any  vesicular  eruption. 
Ecphractic     (ek-frak'-tik)     [kufpaKTiidg,    clearing    ob- 
struction].     I.    Removing    obstructions.      2.     An    ec- 
phractic medicine. 
Ecphronia    {ek-fro> -ne-ah)    [in,  out    of;    fpvv,  mind]. 

Insanity. 
Ecphyadectomy    [ek-f-ad-ek' -to-me)     [!»  appen- 

dage;  ticro/ify,  excision].      Excision  of  the  vermiform 
appendix. 
Ecphyaditis   {ek-fi-ad-H '-tis)    [iming,  appendage  ;  trig, 
inflammation].      Inflammation   of    the    vermiform   ap- 
pendix ;   appendicitis.      This  term  has  also  been  used 
to  include  typhlitis,  perityphlitis,  etc. 
Ecphyas  [ek'-fi-as)   [empvag,  an  offshoot].     The  vermi- 
form appendix. 
Ecphyma  {ek-fi'-mah)  [or,  out ;  ftieaftat,  to  grow :  pi. , 
Ecphymata\      An  excrescence  on  the  skin. 


I  '   1'1!\  -1  SIS 


108 


ECT(  H'AGUS 


Ecphysesis  ■«']• 

Rapid  breath 
Ecphysis  .    out  :  th].       In 

.  by  Bate  to  the  branch  of  any  pari 
lar  crusl  >  branch  spi 

.   .i  branch  springing 

Ecptoma 

.  in. 
Ecpyesis  purate 

i  nr.it i.  >i i  2.    Any 

Ecpyetic  to  suppurate]. 

Ecrascment  removal 

t  th  bj  ii.  eur. 

seur  i  r  ]       An  instrument  used  in 

nsisting  of  a  chain  or 

.  whereby  the  tissue  is 

ther  than  cut,  thus  rendering 

Ecrodactylia  escape; 

en. 
Ecstaltic  r,    to    send]. 

applied  specially  to 
rom  the  spinal  cord. 
Ecstasy  .  a  trance].      A   derange 

m    char  i    by    an 

!  volition,  insensibil- 
ity ■  idiant  expression,  and  immo- 
bil  It  is  also  called  Carus- 

tria. 
Ecstrophy  out;    orplQeiv,   to  turn]. 

.  •  turning  inside  out  of  a  part. 
Ectad  .    external;    ad,    to].      On   or 

Ectal  ternal].     At  some  surface  or 

sed  center  than  that  with 
.pared.     External,  super- 
■n.    Table  of. 
Ectasia 
Ectasis  tension].      Abnormal 

r  dilatation  of  a  part. 
Ectatic  -ion].     Characterized 

bj  ■ 
Ectenta'.  .    .inward:  .  inward]. 

•  union  between  the  e<  toderm 
E.  Line.      See  Lines,  Table  of 
Ectethmoid  rom;  /)"»>..■■ 

of  the  lateral  cellular  ma 

Ecthyma  pustule].    An  inflam- 

ruption  of  large, 

•id  of  a  vcl- 

izi   from 

liar,  and  arc  sur- 

reola      Brownish 

litly 

•  ruption  :  as  a 

hail      re  thick  ; 

it  ■  for  an   indefinite 

illation     with 

in 

Kcthymiform  a    pustule; 

Ectillotic  ,    pluck]. 

fall;  i   ii.-  ing  i  orns 

Ectins  bow]. 

11  in  front 


Ecto-   iek'-to-)    [/.-■.',   without].     A  prefix  signifying 

without,  upon  the  outer  side. 
Ectobatic  batf-ik)   [e/crrfc,  out ;  to  go]. 

1  fferent;  centrifugal;   moving  ectad  or  distad. 
Ectoblast    {ek'-h  \     ~  ■.    outside;     .Ounrne,    a 

bud].     In  biology,  a  simple,  sensitive,  covering,  and 

protecting  cell-layer;   tin-  ectoderm. 
Ectobliquus  [ek-to-bltf -kvms)  \kicr6{ ,  outward  ;  obliquus, 

slanting].     The  external  oblique  muscle  of  the  abdo- 
men.    See  Musi  le  ,  /.'//'/,•  of. 
Ectocardia   [ek-to-kar* -de-ah)   [ixrdc,,  out  ;  xapdia,  the 

heart].     Abnormality  of  position  of  the  heart. 
Ectocarotid      [ek-to-kar-ot'-id)     [e/mic,    out;     k6 

stupor].      The  external  carotid  artery.      See  Arteries, 

Ectocarpous  [ek-to-kar4 '-pus)  \zktoc,  outside  ;  napndr, 
fruit].  In  biology,  applied  to  such  animals  as  have 
the  reproductive  organs  located  in  the  ectoderm. 

Ectoceliac.nr  Ectocelian  [ek-to-se' -le-ak,  ek-to-Si '  -I,  an  | 
[.''.-in;,  out;  /..<///(;,  the  belly].  Occurring  or  situated 
outside  a  ventricle  of  the  brain. 

Ectocelic  [ek-to-se' -lilt)  \\lktoc,  outside;  muz  in,  a 
hollow].  In  biology,  applied  to  structures  placed 
outside  the  body-cavity  in  a  celenterate. 

Ectochoroidea,   or    Ectochorioidea    {ek-to-ko-roi'-de- 
ah,   or  ek-to-ko-re-oi' -de-ah)    \Ik7<»;,   out;    X"l""! 
like  a  membrane].     The  outer  layer  of  the  choroid, 
composed  mainly  of  fibro-connective  tissue. 

Ectocinerea  /</-<•' -re-ah)   [kurdr,  out;    cinereus, 

ashy].  The  gray  substance  of  the  cortex  of  the  brain. 
Cf.  Entocinerea. 

Ectocondyle  [ek-to-kon'-dil)  \Jkt6c,  out;  K&vdvXog, 
condyle].      An  external  condyle. 

Ectocornea  (ek-to-kor/-ne-ah )  [kicrdg,  out ;  corneus, 
horny].      The  corneal  conjunctiva. 

Ectocyst  (ek'-lo-sist)  \ekt6q,  out;  icbarig,  a  cyst].  The 
thick,  laminated,  translucent,  and  highly  elastic  mem- 
brane of  an  hydatid  cyst.  It  is  lined  by  a  thin  cel- 
lular membrane  called  the  endocyst.  The  outer  layer 
of  the  cenecium  (or  common  dermal  system)  of  a  col- 
ony of  Polyzoa. 

Ectoderm  {kkr -to-dertri)  \Jktoc,  outside ;  Aeppn,  skin]. 
In  biology,  the  primitive  outer  wall  of  the  body  ;  the 
animal  germinal  layer;  the  term  was  first  applied  to 
the  outer  of  the  two  membranes  of  a  hydroid  zoophyte. 
See  Blastoderm. 

Ectoentad  [ek-to-enr -tad\  \ekt6q,  without;  evr6q, with- 
in; ad,  to].      From  without  inward. 

Ectogastrocnemius  [ek-to-gas  trok-ne' -me-us)  [e/er<5c, 
without;  yaarpoKV^pxa,  the  calf  of  the  leg],  I  he 
gastrocnemius  externus  muscle.    See  Muscles,  Tab.' 

Ectogenous  [ek-tof  -en-us)  [e<er<$c,  out;  yevvav,  to  pro- 
duce]. Developed  outside  the  body  (said  of  cer- 
tain pathogenic  bacteria  and  of  enthetic  poisons). 

Ectogluteus  (ek-to-glu-te' -us)  \i«r6q,  without;  y/umrdr, 
the  rump].  The  external  gluteus  muscle.  See  Mus- 
cles, Table  of. 

Ectolecithal  '-ith-al)   [i«r<Jc, outside ;  /\in 

yolk],  [n  embryology,  applied  to  such  eggs  as  have 
the  formation-yolk  enclosed  in  a  superficial  layer  of 
food  sulk. 

Ectomere  [ekr -to-mir)  [e/er<5c,  out;  uipoc,  a  share]. 
Any  one  of  the  cells  "i  tin-  ovum  that  are  destined  to 
take  part  in  forming  tin-  ectoderm. 

Ectopagia  [ek-to-paf -je-ah)  [e/mic,  out;  ff&yog,  a  fix- 
ture]. The  condition  of  being  ectopagous;  an  ecto- 
pagi >u^  m. mstrosil v. 

Ectopagous   {ek-top* -ag-us)    \jatr6t,  oul  ;  i   fix 

tun-].    (  if  th.-  nature  of  or  pertaining  to  an  ectopagiu. 

Ectopagus  i    \}k roe,  out;    rr&yog,    a  fix- 

tun].  A  monomphalic  twin  monstrosity  united  later- 
ally the  full  e\t<:it  of    the  thorax. 


ECTOPARASITE 


409 


I .'  /I  M  \ 


Ectoparasite    (ek-to-par'-as-it)    [amic,   outside;    - 
airo(;,  a  parasite].     In  biology,  a  parasite  that  lives  on 
the  exterior  of  its  host. 
Ectoparasitic   {ek-to-par-as-W -ik)    [eicrdg,  out;     ~ 
Oirog,  a  parasite].      Of  the   nature  of  or  pert  lining  to 
an  ectoparasite. 
Ectopatagium     {ek-to-pat-af-e-um)     [e/crdc,     outside; 
irara-jtiuv,   the    border    of  a    garment].      In    bioL 
that  part  of  the  wing  membrane  or  patagium   oi  a  bat 
which  is  limited  to  the  manus;  it  is  also  called  dacty- 
lopatagium. 
Ectophyte  (ek'-to-fit  ,  out ;  </>vt6v,  a  plant].     An 

external  parasitic  plant-growth. 
Ectophytic   {ek-to-fit'-ik)   [e/cnic,  out ;   tjmrfo,  a  plant]. 

Of  the  nature  of  or  pertaining  to  an  ectophyte. 
Ectopia    (ek-to'-pe-ah)    \lKTcmoq,  displaced].      An  ab- 
normality of  position.      E.  cordis.     See   Ectocardia. 
E.  lentis,  dislocation  or  congenital  malposition  of  the 
crystalline  lens.     E.  oculi,  abnormal   position  of  the 
eyeball  in  the  orbit.     E.  testis,  abnormal  position  of 
the  testicle.      E.  vesicae,  protrusion  of   the  bladder 
through  the  wall  of  the  abdomen. 
Ectopic    (ek-top'-ik)    [&CT0JTOC,  displaced].      Pertaining 
to  ectopia;   displaced.      See  also  Teratism.     E.  Ges- 
tation.    See  Gestation. 
Ectoplasm   [ek' '-to-plazm)    [eicrdg,   without;    Tr'/.anaciv, 
to  form].      In   biology,  the  outer,  hyaline,  more  com- 
pact layer  of  protoplasm  in  a  cell  or  unicellular  or- 
ganismt  as  distinguished  from  the  granular  endoplasm. 
Ectopy  (ek'-to-pe).      Same  as  Ectopia. 
Ectoretina  [ek-to-ref -in-ah)  [ckt<5c,  out;  retina,  retina]. 

The  external  and  pigmentary  layer  of  the  retina. 
Ectosarc   (ek'-to-sark)    [e/cnic,    outside;  cdpij,    flesh]. 

In  biology,  same  as  Ectoplasm,  q.  v. 
Ectoskeleton  {ek-to-skelf  -et-un).    Same  as  Exoskeleton. 
Ectosome   (ek'-to-sow)    \ikt6c,  outside;   aibfia,  body]. 
In  biology,  applied   to  the  outer  region  of  a  sponge, 
which  forms  the  covering  of  the  choanosome,  or  mid- 
dle region,  with  its  flagellated  chambers. 
Ectosporous    (ek-to-spo'-rus)    [£kt6<;,  outside ;    airdpog , 

seed].     See  Exosporoi/s. 
Ectosteal  (ek-tos'-tc-al)   [turoc,  out  ;  bariov,  a  bone]. 

Relating  to,  situated  or  occurring  outside  of,  a  bone. 
Ectostosis   [ek-tos-t(/ -sis)  \inT6q,  out  ;  bartov,  a  bone]. 
The  growth  of  bone  from   without  ;    ossification    that 
begins  at  the  perichondrium,  or  future  periosteum. 
Ectotheca  [ek-toth' '-ek-ah)  [e/crdf,  outside;  Ot/kji,  case]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  the  capsule   of  such  compound 
gonophores  as  those  of  Laomedca  ;   also  to  such  the- 
cae  or  asci  as  are  exposed,  e.  g.  those  of  discomycetous 
fungi  and  gymnocarpous  lichens. 
Ec  toxemia  [ek-toks-e'-me-ah')  [«,  out ;  to^ik6v,  poison ; 
alfia,  blood].     Toxemia    not    originating   within    the 
organism  ;    blood-poisoning  from  some  cause  not  ex- 
isting within  the  organism. 
Ectozoon  (ek-to-zo'  -on)   [ewroc,  out ;   roov,  an   animal : 
pi.,  Ectozoa~\.     An  external  animal  parasite  ;   an  ecto- 
parasite. 
Ectrodactylia,    Ectrodactylism    (ek-tro-dak-til' -e-ah . 
ek-tro-dak' '-til-izm)     [eicrpufia,     abortion;     r5d>cn/yloc, 
finger].      Congenital  absence  of  any  of  the  fingers  or 
toes. 
Ectrogenic  (ek-tro-jen'-ik)  [eicrpofta,  abortion  ;   yevv&Vj 
to  produce].      Due  to  some    loss   of   tissue,   as    from 
traumatism  or  surgical  operation.     See  also  Teratism. 
Ectrogeny  [ek-trof '-en-e)  [iicrpufia,  abortion;    yewav, 
to  produce].      Loss  or   absence  of  any  part  or  organ. 
Ectroma  (ek-tro*  -mah)  \l«rpufia,  abortion:    pi.,  Ectro- 

tnatd\.      An  aborted  ovum  or  fetus. 
Ectromelus  [ek-trom '-el-us)  [e/erpw<«c,  abortion  ;   ft 
limb].      A    single   autositic  monster  characterized  by 
the  presence   of  aborted  or  imperfectly-formed  limbs. 


Ectropion. 


Examples    of    this    anomaly  show    every   degree   of 
arreted  development,  from  entire  abseno  limb 

to  simple  shortening. 

Ectropion  (ek-tro* -pe-on)  [ex,  out;  Tpineiv,  to  turn]. 
An  everted  eye- 
lid ;  abiiorin.il 
i  sion  of  an 
eyelid ;  also,  an 
everted  state  of , 
the  cervical  por- 
tion of  the  endo- 
metrium. E., 
Cicatricial, due 
to  destruction  of 
part  of  the  skin 
of  the  lid,  with 
cicatricial  con- 
traction. E. 
luxurians,  an 
old  name  for  ec- 
tropion, with  a  proud-flesh  appearance  of  the  conjunc- 
tiva. EM  Paralytic,  that  due  to  paralysis  of  the 
orbicularis  palpebrarum.  E.,  Sarcomatous. 
E.  luxurians.  E.,  Senile,  found  only  in  the  lower 
lid,  due  to  relaxation  of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum 
muscle.  E.,  Spastic,  due  to  spastic  contraction  of 
the  fibers  of  the  orbicular  muscle  lying  near  the  mar- 
gin of  the  orbit. 

Ectropium    {ek-trtZ-pe-um).      Same  as  Ectropion. 

Ectrosis   (ek-trof -sis)   \lKrpuaiq,  abortion].     An    abor- 
tion, or  the  production  of  an  abortion. 

Ectrotic   (ek-trot' -ik)   \}k,  out;  TtTp&aneiv,  to  wound]. 
Tending  to  cut  short  ;   abortive  ;   abortifacient. 

Ectylotic     (ek-Hl-ot' '-ik)     \_in,    away;     ri/or,     callus]. 
Tending  to  remove  warts  or  indurations. 

Eczema  (ek'-ze-mak)  [kitr£eivf  to  boil  over].  Tetter; 
Moist  Tetter;  an  acute  or  chronic,  non-contagious, 
catarrhal  inflammatory  disease  of  the  skin,  character- 
ized by  multiformity  of  lesion,  and  the  presence,  in 
varying  degrees,  of  itching,  infiltration,  and  discharge. 
The  skin  is  reddened,  the  redness  shading  off  insen- 
sibly into  the  surrounding  unaffected  skin.  When 
well-marked,  the  skin  is  fissured,  with  crusting, 
leathery  infiltration,  and  scaling.  Eczema  occurs  in 
skins  that  are  particularly  susceptible  to  the  action 
of  external  irritants.  E.  ani — of  the  anus — a  trouble- 
some variety  common  in  children  ;  it  may  simulate 
condylomata.  E.  articulorum,  eczema  of  the  flexor 
surfaces  of  the  joints.  E.  aurium,  a  common, 
troublesome,  pustular  form  affecting  the  ears.  E. 
barbae,  a  form  resembling  sycosis,  but  more  superfi- 
cial. It  attacks  the  bearded  portion  of  the  face,  but  may 
spread.  E.  capitis,  a  variety  confined  to  the  head. 
It  is  usually  seen  in  children  ;  is  diffuse,  pustular,  im- 
petiginous, not  itchy,  and  may  be  associated  with 
pediculi  and  seborrhea.  E.  circumscriptum  para- 
siticum,  a  name  given  by  Crocker  to  a  form  of  erup- 
tion that  looks  like  a  dry  eczema,  but  has  a  bo: 
more  sharply  defined  than  is  usual  in  /;'.  squamosum. 
It  occurs  chiefly  on  the  legs  below  the  knee,  and  is 
constituted  of  minute  papules  aggregated  into  a  uni- 
form moderately  red,  scaly  patch,  with  sharply  defined 
borders.  It  is  a  chronic  disease,  and  is  probably  par- 
asitic in  origin.  E.  crurum,  a  form  occurring  in  old 
people  as  a  result  of  varicosity  of  the  veins  of  the  leg, 
and  not  associated  with  eczema  elsewhere.  The  skin 
is  much  infiltrated,  red,  scaly,  with  indolent  ulcers. 
E.  crustosum,  eczema  with  the  formation  of  thin  and 
pale-yellowish  crusts.  If  these  crusts  are  thick  and 
dark  in  color  from  capillary  bleeding  the  condition  is 
termed  £.  impetiginosum.  This  latter  form  occurs 
frequently  on  the  scalp  and  face  of  strumous  children. 


HO 


1  l>I  MA 


E.,  Diabetic,  from   the  irritation  of  diabetic  urine. 

E.,  Epidemic. 

E.    epizootica,  ited 

animals    due    to    ■    microorganism,   attended    with    .1 

the   skin   and   .1 

:.       It  is 

•  • 

E.    erythematosum.  naa, 

in    which    I  slightly   swollen, 

:i  ;     the 

and  their  edj 

i  true  erythema.     It  is 

E.  faciei, 

:  resem- 

led   with   no  rise  of  t< 

E,  fissum.  •  .1  form  affecting  the 

nan  rticulations,  and  characterized 

ainful  cracks  or  fissures. 

folliculare,  largely  to  the  neigh- 

the  hahvfollicles,  where  irritable,  acumin- 

■-i-t  for  prolonged  periods.     E. 

genitalium,  an  acute  form  common  in  men  ;   it  is  at- 

1  edema, with  excoriation. 
E.  hypertrophicum.  :  a  form  charac- 

inent  hypertrophy  of  the  papilla?  of  the 
neral  or  limited  warty  outgrowths. 
Thu  alts  from  a  tendency  to  passive  con- 

S<  ■  E.   impeti- 

ginodes.    See  .  sum.     E.  impetiginosum. 

E.,  Infantile,  a  form  commenc- 
usually  within   six  months  of  birth,   and  making 
trance  first  upon  the  head  or  face.     E.  inter- 
trigo, a  form   ol  <»i  occurring  in  the 
the  inner  surfaces  of  the  nates,  below  the 
mamma                Itisilue  to  uncleanliness.     See  Ery- 
E.    labiorum,    a   very   obstinate 
,'  the   lips,  and  associated  with  pain- 
ful                    E.  madidans,   /■'..  rubrum :    weeping 
weeping  surfaces  studded  with 
ton.     E.  mammae, 
anion  in  nursing  primiparse ;   it  is  at  first 
squamous,  with  painful   fissures  and 
much  crusting.     It  is  very  obstinate.     E.  manuum, 
a                            mi    implicating    the    whole    of    both 
ha:                                  variety    is    most   marked    along 
:'  the  lingers,  wh  ;.  seated  vesicles 
ind  ;  th                  form  chiefly  involves  the  palms 
I    knuckles.      E.  marginatum,   lb  lira's  term  for 
mi    of    ringworm    of    the   bod  v. 
illae,  fork,  and  occasion- 
is  marked  by  a 
margin.     E.  meatus, 
E.  mer- 
curiale,    that    form                   the    irritation    produced 
my.     E.  narium,  a  form  affecting  the  nos- 
E.   palmare,  or   E.  palmarum,   confined    to 
ind.     It  called    / 
K.   palpebrarum.    Tinea   tarsi;   an    obsti- 
-  ;    it  is  common  in 
E.   papillomatosum.      Same 
E.papulosum,  Lichen  dm;, 
with    the    formation    of    minute 
lor  and  tirm 
u-ly-shaped    groups, 
pin's   hi  uni- 
I  iy  form   on 
■ 

arm  and 

i 
E.  pedum,  eczema  E.  plantarum, 'rou- 


tined to  the  sole  of  the  foot.  E.  pustulosum,  E. 
impetiginous;  the  stage  of  eczema  in  which  the 
iii  l<s  dr\  elop  into  pustules  that  are  usually  of  larger 
size  than  the  preceding  vesicles.  This  is  most  com- 
mon in  strumous  children.  E.  rimosum.  See  E. 
um.  E.  rubrum.  See  E.  madidans.  E.  sclero- 
sum,  a  chronic  form  ol  eczema  in  which  there  is 
induration  and  thickening  of  the  tissues.  E.,  Sebor- 
rheic. See  D  rmatitis,  Seborrheic.  E.  seborrhcei- 
cum.  Synonym  of  Seborrhea.  E.  solare,  that  form 
due  to  irritation  from  the  rays  of  thesun.  E.  spargo- 
siforme,  a  variety  of  E.  sclerosum  in  whirl,  the 
thickening  is  so  very  great  that  a  condition  indistin- 
guishable from  Elephantiasis  arabum  is  produced. 
E.  squamosum,  a  form  in  which  the  surfaces  of  ill- 
defined  irregular  patches  are  covered  with  more  or  less 
adherent  stales  of  shed  epithelium.    This  is  often  seen 

the  neck  and  limbs.  E.  sulphure,  that  form  dm 
the  irritation  produced  by  sulphur.  E.  tarsi,  a  form 
affecting  the  edges  of  the  eyelids.  E.  tuberosum. 
Synonym  of  Granuloma  fungoides.  E.  umbilici,  a 
tractable  form  resembling  syphilitic  disease  of  the 
same  part.  E.  unguium,  involvement  of  the  nails 
in  chronic  E,  manuum.  The  nails  are  rough,  dull, 
brittle,  and  punctate.  E.  unisquamosum,  a  rare 
form  having  its  seat  at  the  root  of  the  nose  between 
the  eyebrows.  The  secretion  takes  the  form  of  a 
single  epidermic  lamella  that  covers  the  whole  of  the 
affected  surface.  E.  verrucosum.  See  A',  hypertrophi- 
cum. E.  vesiculosum,  a  stage  of  vesicular  forma- 
tion in  the  course  of -eczema.  It  is  the  most  common 
form  of  the  disease.  It  is  best  seen  on  the  flexor 
aspect  of  the  limbs,  between  the  ringers,  back  of  the 
ears,  etc.  The  vesicles,  minute  at  first  and  closely 
i^^regated,  coalesce  and  rupture,  exuding  a  clear 
plasmic  fluid  that  stains  and  stiffens  linen.  The  burn- 
ing and  itching  are  worse  at  night,  and  the  excoriated 
surfaces  continue  to  weep  for  a  few  days,  when  they 
gradually  heal  by  crusting.  E.,  Weeping.  See  E. 
madidans. 

Eczematoid    [ek-zem' '-ai-oid\   \jK~Jtn\  to   boil    over]. 
Resembling  an  eczema. 

Eczematosis   [ek-zem-at-^-sis)    [kicr6eiv,  to  boil  over: 
//. ,  Eczematoses~\.      Any  eczematous  skin-disease. 

Eczematous  (rk-zrm'-af-us)  [_SK^ieiv,  to  boil  over],   of 
the  nature  of  or  affected  with  eczema. 

Eczemogenous  (ek-sem-oj' '-en-us)  [kic^ieiv,  to  boil  over ; 
yewav,  to  produce].      <  riving  rise  to  eczema. 

Edeagra  [e-de-a' '-grah)    \_a\6ola,  the  genitals;  aypa,  a 
seizure].      Pain  or  gout  in  the  genitalia. 

Edeatrophia  [e-de-at-ro1 '•j^e-ah)[aidoiat  genitals;  arpo/pla, 
a  wasting].      Atrophy  or  wasting  of  the  genital  organs. 

Edeauxe  {e-de-awks/-e) [aldaila,  genitals;  <ii;> ,  increase]. 
Swelling  or  hypertrophy  of  the  genitals. 

Edebohl's  Position  or  Posture.    See  Postures,  Tableof. 

Edeitis    [e-de-if-tis)    [alSdla,   genitals;    trig,  inflamma- 
tion].     Inflammation  of  the  genital  organs. 

Edema  {e-de'-mak)  [oldy/ia'.  oidieiv,  to  swell].  Swel- 
ling, espe<  ially  such  as  is  due  to  the  effusion  of  serous 
fluid  into  areolar  tissues.  See  Anasarca.  E.,  Acute 
Circumscribed.  See  A'.,  Angio-neurotic  and  Urti- 
caria adematosa.  E.,  Acute  Idiopathic.  See  /■'.., 
Angio-neurotic.  E.,  Acute  Non-inflammatory. 
/■'.. .  Angio-neurotic.  E.,  Angio-neurotic,  <  riant 
urticaria  ;  a  vaso  motor  disorder,  characterized  by  the 
abrupt  occurrence  of  edematous  swelling  of  variable 
tent,  sometime-  accompanied  by  gastro-intestinal 
crises.  There  may  be  a  marked  hereditary  feature 
in  the  disease.  Death  may  result  from  edema  of 
the  larynx.  E.,  Brown,  the  brownish  fluid  that  Hows 
from  the  CUt  surface  of  a  lung  iii  the  state  of  brown 
induration.      E.,  Filtration,  n  peculiar  sort  of  edema 


EDEMATOUS 


411 


EGER  I 


of  the  conjunctiva  observed  after  operations  or  injuries 
that  have  produced  a  perforation  in  the  most  anterior 
sections  of  the  sclera.  It  is  due  to  the  oozing  of  tin- 
aqueous  humor  :i  the  lips  of  the  wound  and 
under  the  conjunctiva.  E.,  Intermittent.  See  /.., 
Angio-neurotic.  E.,  Malarial.  Scl-  A.,  Angio-neu- 
rotic. E.,  Malignant,  tin-  term  applied  by  Koch  to 
a  parasitic  form  of  gangrenous  inflammation  that  occurs 
at  times  after  serious  bom  injuries,  etc.  It  is  charac 
terized  by  the  rapid  spread,  the  septii  charai  ter  of  the 
inflammatory  product,  and  the  speedy  destruction  of  the 
tissue  involved,  with  the  formation  of  gas.  It  is  also 
called  Gangrenous  emphysema.  E.,  Menstrual. 
/•.'.,  Angio-neurotic.  E.  neonatorum,  a  disi 
resembling  somewhat  sclerema  neonatorum,  the  skin, 
however,  being  less  generally  involved  and  less  edema 
tons,  filled  with  a  serous  fluid,  and  assuming  a  livid  or 
purplish,  rather  than  a  whitish  tint,  as  in  sclerema.  The 
disease  begins  before  the  third  day  of  life,  with  drow- 
siness, and  then  the  edema  appears  in  the  extremities, 
especially  the  legs,  gradually  spreading  upward.  E., 
Solid,  a  form  of  edema  in  which  puncture  gives  exit 
not  to  serum,  but  to  a  sanious,  stringy,  lymphoid 
material. 

Edematous  {e-dem* -at-us)  \olSfqwa,  edema].  Marked 
l>v  edema;   swollen;   puffy. 

Edentate  [e-den'-tat)  [e,  priv.  ;  dens,  a  tooth].  In  bio- 
logy, toothless,  as  an  entire  leaf,  or  a  member  of  the 
Edentata  among  mammals. 

Edentation  [e-den-ta' -shun)  \_e,  without;  dens,  a  tooth]. 
A  deprivation  of  teeth. 

Edentulous  [e-den' -tu-lus)  \e,  without;  den  s,  a  tooth]. 
Without  teeth  (applied  to  one  who  has  lost  his  teeth). 
See  Caries  of  the  Teeth. 

Edeocephalus  [e-de-o-seff -al-us)  [ahhia,  genitals  ;  from 
the  resemblance  of  the  proboscis  to  a  penis ;  Kioa'/r,, 
head].  A  variety  of  single  autositic  monsters  of  the 
species  otocephalus,  in  which  there  is  synopsia,  ab- 
sence of  the  mouth,  very  rudimentary  jaws,  and  the 
presence  of  a  proboscis. 

Edeodynia  (e-de-o-din'-e-ah)  [aldola,  genitalia  ;  06'vvrj, 
pain].      Any  pain  in  the  reproductive  organs. 

Edeogargalismus  (e-de-o-gar-gal-iz'  -nuts)  [aidoia,  gen- 
itals ;  yapyaMaiioq,  a  tickling].      Masturbation. 

Edeography  (e-de-ogf -ra-fe)  \a\fio'ia,  the  genitals ; 
ypdoeiv,  to  write].      A  description  of  the  genitalia. 

Edeology  (e-de-ol' '-o-je)\a\6oia,  genitals  ;  Aoyoq,  science]. 
A  treatise  or  monograph  on  the  organs  of  genera- 
tion. 

Edeomania  (e-de-o-tna'-ne-ah)  [aiAola,  genitals;  fiavia, 
madness].      Nymphomania ;   satyriasis. 

Edeomycodermitis  [e-de-o-mi-ko-der-nti'  -tis)  [aiAo'ta, 
genitals;  (ivxoq,  mucus:  dtpua,  skin;  trie,  inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation  of  the  mucous  membrane  of 
any  of  the  genital  organs. 

Edeopsophy  (e-de-op' -so-fe)  [oirWa,  genitals ;  -i\>o<belv, 
to  utter  a  noise].  The  emission  of  sounds  from  the 
genital  organs  (as  from  the  bladder  or  vagina). 

Edeopsy  {e* '-de-op-se).     Same  as  Edeoscopy. 

Edeoptosis  {c-de-op-to'-sis)  \a\60la,  genitals  ;  -^ri'inir, 
a  fall].  Prolapse  of  some  portion  of  the  genital  ap- 
paratus. 

Edeoscopy  {e-de-os* -ko-pe)\ai8dia,  the  genitals  ;  otcotti  r, 
to  inspect].  An  inspection  or  professional  examination 
of  the  genital  organs. 

Edeotomy  i  <-me)  [aldoia,  genitals  ;   roar/,  a  cut- 

ting].     The  anatomy  or  dissection  of  the  genital   or- 
gans. 

Edgeweed  (e/'-rred).  A  composite- flowered  plant, 
Sericocarpus  tortifolius,  of  the  Southern  U.  S.  It  is 
used  as  a  remedy  for  colic  in  horses.      Unof. 

Edible    (ed'-ib-l)    [edibilis,  eatable].      A    qualification 


applied  to  food,  the  condition  of  which  is  good  and 
u  holesome. 

Edison-Lalande  Cell.     See  Cell. 

Edriopthalmous  {,<i-re-off-thal' -mus)  [idptov,  dim.  of 
tdpa,  a  seat;  b$0aXfi6c,  eye].  In  biology,  having 
fixed,  sessili  not  borne  on  a  movable  stalk. 

Educt  i.' '  dukt )  [<■,  out;  ducere,  to  draw].  A  com- 
]..  und  that  exists  in  any  substance  and  is  extracted  from 
it  by  a  chemic  or  pharmaceutic  process;  opposed  t" 
product,  which  designates  a  body  that  i-  produced  by  a 
proi  es>  similar  to  that  used  in  its  extraction. 

Edulcorant    {e-dul'-kor-ant)    [< ,    out;     dulcoran 
sweeten].      Sweetening;    corrective  of   acidity    or  of 
acrimony. 

Edulcoration   {e-dul-kor-a'-shun)    [edulcare,  to  sv 
en].      In  chemistry,  the  act  or  process  of  sweetening  ; 
the  removal  ol   soluble  <>r  saline  matters  by  washing. 

Effeminacy  [ef-em'-in-as-e).     See  Feminism. 

Effemination  [ef-em-in-a'-shuri)  [effeminare,  to  make 
womanish].     The  state  of  being  effeminate. 

Effera  {ef'-er-ah  )  \_efferus,  tierce,  wild].  Sauvage's 
name  for  a  certain  genus  of  exanthematou-  diseasi 

Efferent  [ef'-er-ent)  [efferens,  carrying  from].  Of 
nerves,  conveying  impulses  from  the  central  nervous 
system  to  some  tissue;  motor;  secretory.  <  >f  blood- 
vessels, conveying  blood  from  the  tissues  toward  the 
heart,  veins,  or  from  the  gill-.  (  >f  lymphatics,  the 
vessels  leaving  or  conveying  lymph  from  the  lymphatic 
glands.      Compare  Afferent. 

Effervescent  (<-/'-,  r-res'-ent)  \effervescere,  to  boil  up]. 
Susceptible  of  being  made  to  effervesce,  or  to  dissolve 
with  foaming  and  with  the  escape  of  a  gas,  such  as 
carbon  dioxid. 

Effervescing  (ef-er-ves' ' -ing)  \effervescere,  to  boil  ui]. 
Boiling  up;  foaming.  E.  Powders.  See  Seidlitz 
Powders. 

Effleurage  {ef-flur-az/d)  [Fr.].  In  massage,  centripe- 
tal strokings,  i.  e.,  toward  the  body  or  heart.  These  may 
be  made  with  the  palm  of  one  hand,  the  palms  of  both 
hands,  the  thumb,  or  the  tips  of  the  fingers.  Effleur- 
age increases  the  circulation  in  the  venous  Mood- 
vessels  and  the  lymphatics,  thereby  causing  absorp- 
tion. 

Efflorescence  (ef-lor-esr->nz)  \_cffiorescere,  to  bloom]. 
1.  The  flowering  of  plants.  2.  The  formation  of 
minute  crystals  on  the  surface  of  certain  crystalline 
bodies,  due  to  the  loss  of  a  part  or  the  whole  of  their 
water  of  crystallization.  3.  The  breaking-out  01 
characteristic  eruption  of  an  exanthematous  disease. 

Effluent  {ef-lu'-ent)  \_efflitere,  to  flow  out].  An  out- 
flow. The  fluid  discharged  from  works  for  the  treat- 
ment of  sewage. 

Effluvia  [ef-lu'-ve-ah)  [I..].  Plural  of  Effluvium,  q.v. 
E.,  Telluric,  emanations  arising  from  the  earth. 

Effluvium  {ef-lu* '-ve-um)  \_effluere,  to  flow  out:  //. , 
Efftircia\  Any  subtle  emanation  from  a  substance  or 
person,  especially  one  that  is  offensively  odoriferous. 

Efflux  f,  f'-Jluks),  or  Effluxion  (ej\fluk' -shun)  \efflu 
efflttxus.    an    outflow].      1.    An   outflow;    that   which 
flows  out.      2.    Abortion,  or  the  escape  of  the  embryo 
from   the   womb  during  a  very  early   stage   of  preg- 
nancy. 

Effracture  {ef-frakr-chur)\ex,  out  \fractura,  a  fracture]. 
Fracture  of  the  cranium,  with  depression  of  one  or 
more  fragment-. 

Effusion  I  f-u'-zhun)  [effundere,  to  pour  out].  A 
pouring-out.  The  abormal  secretion  or  transfer  of  a 
liquid  from  its  natural  organ  or  place;  effused  material. 

Effusive  [ef-u'-siv)  \effundere,  to  pour  out].  Attended 
with  or  of  the  nature  of  an  effusion. 

Egertic  (c-ier'-tik)  \_t)yprtKoq,  wakening].  Causing 
wakefulness. 


EG] 


112 


1  !   ^.STOSl 


Eges-  is  ex- 

crement ;  to  d 
Egesta  al  matter].      L*he 

dischaq  i  emuncl 

Egestion  lat  which  is  voided]. 

■ 
ti"ii. 
Egg  (<£")  [Ml  ~"  E. -albu- 

min. ■  instituent  ol  the 

Inn:  the  unboiled  white  ol  eg 

the  ">  serum-albumin  by 

a   with  ether,  and  by  its 

ben    inj< 
itine.    E. -apparatus  ;  in 
.■id  the   two  companion  i 
the  upper  end  of  the  embryo 
E.  -cells,  primordial 
i  ranular  cells  embedded  at  in- 
in   the  [    Mn  epithelium  of  the 

the    ovules    <>f   the 
E. -cords,  dippings    inward    into 
ialized  columnar  epi- 
thelium ovary;  these  prolongations  carry 
.  each  of  which  develops  into 
immatui                   i   follicle  containing  an  immature 
im       E.-nog,    a    nutrition-    preparation   made    by 
the  beaten  yolk  of  egg  and  a  little  spirit  to 
a  tumblerful  of  milk,  stirring   well,  adding  sugar  and 
the    whitf    of    tfa  lately   beaten.      E. -shell 
Crackling,  a  peculiar  crackling  produced  by  pressure 
tumor  springing  from  the  medulla  or  can- 
of  a  long  bone,  and  surrounded   by  a 
thin                     -ale.      E.-tube.  iduct.      E.- 
water,  a   nutritious   food   for  infants   having   summer 
ts    of  the  white  of  a   fresh  egg,  a 
previously   boiled),  a  teaspoonful 
ind  a  small  pinch  of  salt. 
Egilops   '                                                    ,  eye].      Abscess, 
i.  at    the  inner    canthus  of   the    eye, 
a   result   of   lachrymal   fistula.       See 

Eglandular  lar)    [e,    priv.  ;    glandula,    a 

ad].      In  tiiute  of  glands. 

Eglandulose  ,    \e,  priv.  ;    glandula,    a 

ar. 
Egobronchophony  brong-koff'-o-ne)  [ntf ,  a  goat  ; 

,  a  broi      as;  ice].     A  combina- 

i  iphony. 
Egophony  [ait; ,  a   wild  goat;   >«.,,■,],  the 

ultation,  meaning  a  modifica- 

in     which    the    voice    has    a 
kid.      It   is    heard  in 
usually    near  the  inferior 
ula. 
Egregor  ipeiv,    to 

nia 

Egyptian  ,ianj.      per. 

E.  Blue.  Vr- 

E.  ChloroM  miosis.     E. 

Ophthalm;  ,  i/halmia,  Purulent.      E.  Ul- 

cer- 
Ehrcnritter's  Ganglion.  ■„,   Table  of. 

Bbrlich'a  Anilm-water  Solution.  ",/,/,■ 

B.   Metho  I  i   solution  of 

i  fixing  the  anilin 
I-:.  Test. 
E.-Biondi-s  Fluid.  uid. 

Eichhorsts  Corpuscles 
Eichstedt\    Disease 

Eidam  Chee   • 

Eidoptometrv  mce ; 


seen;  u  rpov,   measure].     The  estimation  of 

the  acuity  of  vision. 
Eilema  (i-le'-mah)  [ti'/r/un  ;  elXeai,  to  twist:  pi.,  Eile- 

ntatd\.      A    pain    or   colic   of  the    bowels;    volvulus; 

toi  mina. 
Eiloid  \i'-!oiJ)  [ti'/m.  t.i  coil;    eHoc,    form].      Having 

a  coiled  texture  resembling  the  coils  ol  an  intestine; 

applied  to  certain  -km  tumors. 

Einbrodt's  Test.     S  .  TabL 

Einhorn's  Method,  i.  A  method  of  ascertaining  the 
condition  of  the  gastrit  secretion.  An  apparatus 
termed  a  stomach-bucket ',  consisting  of  a  small  oval 
silver  vessel,  I}£  cm.  long  and  ;4  cm.  wide-,  is  at- 
tached to  a  silk  thread,  in  which  at  a  distance  of  40 
cm.  from  the  bucket  a  knot  is  made  The  patient 
swallows  the  bucket,  and  when  the  knot  enters  the 
mouth  the  operator  knows  that  tin-  bucket  is  in  the 
stomach.  It  is  withdrawn  alter  remaining  there  five 
minutes,  and  its  contents  arc  tested.  Resistance  to  u^ 
removal  may  be  overcome  by  having  the  patient  ex- 
pire deeply  or  swallow  once.     2.  See  Gastrodiaphany. 

Eisanthema  {ls-an-the,-mah)  [etc,  into;  avth/ua,  in- 
florescence :  /•/. ,  Eisanthema ta\.   Same  as  Enanthema. 

Eisel  [i'-sr/)  [ME.].      An  old  name  for  vinegar. 

Eisodic  (is-od'-ik).      Same  as  Esodic. 

Eisophobia  (i-so-fo'-be-ah).     Synonym  ol  Agoraphobia. 

Eisophoria  (i-so-fo'-re-ah).      Same  as  Esophoria. 

Eispnea  {is-pne'ah)  [elairvofi,  a  breathing  into]. 
Inspiration  ;   the  inhaling  of  the  breath. 

Ejaculation  {e-jak-u-la' '-shun  [e/'acu/atio,  a  throwing 
out].  The  ejection  of  the  semen.  E. -center.  See 
Center. 

Ejaculator  {c-jak'-u-la-tor)  \_ejaculare,  to  throw  out]. 
The  accelerator  urinse.      See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Ejaculatorium  (f-jak-u-la-t& '-re-um)  [I-].      A  syringe. 

Ejaculatory  [e-jak1 ' -u-la-tor-e)  \_ejaculatio,  a  throwing 
out].  Throwing.   E.  Duct.    See  Ductus ejaculatorius. 

Ejecta,  or  Ejectamenta  {e-jek'  -tah,  e-jek-tatn-e'nf -tah  ) 
[L.  ,/>/.].  Things  or  materials  cast  out ;  excretions  or 
excrementitious  matters. 

Ejection  [e-jek1 '-shun)  \ejectio,  a  casting  out].  The 
casting  out  of  excretions  or  of  excrementitious  matters  ; 
that  which  is  cast  out. 

Elaboration  [e-lab-or-a1 '-shun)  [elaborare,  to  take  pains 
with].  Careful  and  exact  working.  In  physiology, 
any  anabolic  proo-s>.  such  as  that  of  making  crude 
food  into  higher  tissue-products. 

Elaidic  Acid  {e-la-id'-ik  \.     See  Acid. 

Elaidin  [e-la'  id-in)  [/><"<■.  the  olive-tree],  C57H104O8. 
A  white,  crystalline,  fatty  substance,  isomeric  with 
olein,  produced  by  the  action  of  HNOs  upon  certain 
oils,  especially  castor-oil. 

Elain  [e-laf-iri).     See  Eleoptene. 

Elaphrium  [e-laf -fre-um)  [kfaKpp6g,  light].  A  genus 
of  burseraceous  trees.  E.  copalliferum  produces  a 
variety  of  copal.  E.  elemiferum  is  one  of  the 
sources  of  Mexican  elemi  ;  E.  excelsum  and  E.  to- 
mentosum,  of  South  America,  afford  tacamahac. 

Elastic  [e-las/-lik)  [./<// (7 /r,  to  urge  forward].  Re- 
turning to  the  original  form  after  change  ol  form  by 
ternal  traction  or  force.  E.  Bandage,  an  India 
rubber  bandage  exerting  continuous  compression 
part.  E.  Stocking,  an  India  rubber  stocking  exert- 
ing continuous  pressure.  E.  Tissue,  a  variety  of 
tive  tissue  having  elastic  properties,  and  of 
which  some  ligaments  are  composed. 

Elastin    [e-lasf-tin)    [eXabveiv,   to    urge   forward].      An 

albuminoid    substance,    the    fundamental    element    of 

elastic  tissue.      It    yield-    56  to  ts  percent,  of   leucin 

';    per  cent,    of   tyrosin.       E. -peptone.      S<  e 

Deuti  '•< 

Elastose  [e-las'-tos)  [kTiavveiv,  to  urge  forward].     One 


ELATER 


413 


ELECTRK     UNITS 


of   the    forms  of  peptone  resulting    from    the  gastric 
digestion  of  elastin. 

Elater  [el'-at-er)  [ifamfp,  a  driver,  hurler].  In  biology, 
one  of  the  thread-like,  usually  spirally-coiled, 
bodies  found  in  the  sporangia  of  mosses,  liverworts, 
and  equisetum.  They  serve  for  the  dispersion  of  spoi 
(b)  ( >ne  of  the  free  filaments  of  the  capillitium  of  the 
slime-moulds,  (i  i  '  Ine  of  the  elastic  anal  bristles  of 
the  insect  called  spring-tail. 

Elaterin,  or  Elaterinum  [el-af '-er-in,  el-at-er-i' '-num) 
[■/"•',.'"•  drivingaway],  ( '.,,,1 1.,.1  >,.  A  aeutral  prin- 
ciple  obtained  from  Elaterium  ecballium,  or  quirting 
cucumber.  It  occurs  in  colorless,  hexagonal  prisms, 
that  are  odorless  and  have  a  bitter  taste.  It  is  a  power- 
ful hydragogue  cathartic.  In  toxic  doses,  it  causes 
emesis,  spasmodic  respiration,  and  death.  Dose  gr. 
i*5~lV  E.,  Pulv.,  Comp.  (B.  P.),  contains  elaterin  I, 
sugar  of  milk  39.  Dose  gr.  j— v.  E.,  Trituratio, 
elaterin  10,  sugar  of  milk  90  parts,  thoroughly  mixed. 
I  )ose  gr.  ss-j. 

Elaterium  {el-at-e1 '-re-um)  [i'/arijpmr,  driving  away]. 
A  powerful  hydragogue  cathartic,  being  the  dried  sedi- 
ment from  the  juice  of  the  .squirting  cucumber,  Ecba- 
liuni  elaterium  of  Europe.  Dose  y%  gr.  every  two 
hours;   of  the  tincture,  gtt.  x-xxx. 

Elbow  [el' -bo)  [ME.,  elbowe].  The  elbow-joint;  the 
articulation  of  the  arm  and  forearm.  That  part  of  the 
forearm  and  arm  adjacent  to  the  elbow-joint.  E.- 
jerk,  one  of  the  reflexes.      See  Reflexes,  Table  of. 

Elcoplasty  [el' ' -ko-plas-te) .     See  Helcoplasty. 

Elcosis  [el-ko'-sis).     See  Helcosis. 

Elder  (el'-der).  See  Sambucus.  E.,  Dwarf.  See 
Dwarf  Elder. 

Elecampane  (el-e-kam' -pan).     See  Inula. 

Election  [e-lek' '-s/ueii)  \_electio,  a  choosing].  Selection 
or  choice,  as  of  points  (points  of  election)  to  be  oper- 
ated upon  ;  consideration  of  circumstances,  such  as  age, 
condition  in  life,  occupation,  sex,  etc.,  in  determining 
whether  to  proceed  with  a  proposed  surgical  operation 
or  not.  Such  operations  are  called  Operations  of  Elec- 
tion or  of  Complaisance.  E.,  Triangle  of,  the  Su- 
perior Carotid  Triangle.     See  Triangles,  Table  of. 

Electrepeter!f,-/<'/-V/Y/>/-^/-^r)[?//eK7pov,arnber;  Tpi-rvetv, 
to  turn].     An  obsolete  term  for  "  commutator,"  q.  v. 

Electric,  or  Electrical  {e-lek' -trik,  or  e-lek' -trik-al) 
[jj/t-e/erpou,  amber].  Having  the  nature  of  or  pro- 
duced by  electricity.  E.  Aura,  a  current  of  electri- 
fied air.  E.  Brush,  a  wire  brush  used  as  an  elec- 
trode. E.  Commutator,  an  instrument  for  automati- 
cally interrupting  or  reversing  the  flow  of  an  electric 
current,  making  and  breaking  the  same  with  desired 
frequency.  E.  Chorea.  See  Dubini's  Disease.  E. 
Depilation,  the  permanent  removal  of  hair  from  any 
part  of  the  body  by  the  electrolytic  destruction  of  the 
hair- follicles.  E.  Discharger,  the  instrument  that 
directs  the  charge  from  a  condenser  through  an  ob- 
ject. E.  Endosmosis,  cataphoresis.  E.  Fustiga- 
tion,  application  of  electricity  through  a  metallic 
brush.  E.  Head-bath,  application  of  electricity  by 
means  of  an  umbrella-shaped  electrode  surrounding 
ill  •  head,  but  separated  from  it  by  a  distance  of  from 
one  half  to  one  inch.  E.  Inertia,  a  term  sometimes 
employed  instead  of  electro-magnetic  inertia.  E. 
Insolation.  See  E.  Sunstroke.  E.  Insulation,  the 
placing  of  non-conducting  material  with  respect  to  a 
conductor  so  as  to  prevent  the  loss  of  a  charge  or 
the  leakage  of  a  current.  E.  Irritability,  irritability 
of  nervous  or  muscular  dssue  to  an  electric  discharge. 
E.  Megaloscope,  an  apparatus  for  the  medical 
exploration  of  the  cavities  of  the  body.  E.  Moxa, 
a  burn  made  on  the  skin  by  electricity.  E.  Probe, 
a    metallic    conductor    inserted    into    the    track    of   a 


wound   in   order  to  ascertain  the  exact  position   of  a 
bullet,  or  other  foreign  metallic  substance.      E.  Pros- 
tration.     See    E.    Sunstroke.      E.    Reactions,    the 
response  of  muscles  and  nerve-  to  electric  stimulation.  • 
E.    Shock,    the    ph  produced   in   an 

animal  by  an  electric  discharge.      E.  Shower-bath,  a 
device  for  general  electrization;  one  of  the  poles   is 
immersed    in    a    tub    containing   an   alkaline  solution. 
The  patient  stands  beneath  tin-  reservoir  on  a  metallic 
stool   connected    with   the   other  pole.      The  falling 
water    completes    the    circuit,  dispersing  the    current 
over  the  whole  body.     E.  Sphygmograph,  an  iiistru 
ment  for  electrically  recording   the  characters  of  the 
pulse.      E.  Sterilization,  sterilizing  a  solution  by  de- 
priving it  of  whatever  germs  it  may  contain  by  means 
of  electric  currents.     E.  Sunstroke,  the  physioli 
effects,  similar  to  those  produced  by  exposure  to  the 
sun,  experienced  by  those  exposed  for  a  long  while  to 
the  intense  light  and  heat  of  the  voltaic  arc.     E.  Test, 
the   application  of   electricity   to  ascertain  the    exist- 
ence or  non-existence  of  central   le.sions  after  railway 
injuries.      It   must    be  borne  in  mind   that  cutaneous 
insensibility  or  absence  of   response  in  the  muscles  is 
not   positive   proof  of   organic   lesion;    hence  the  so- 
called  electric  test   is  not  so  absolutely  relied  upon  as 
formerly. 
Electric   Units.     The  lowest  integral  electric  values. 
They  are  as  follows  : — Ampere,  the  unit  of  measure- 
ment of  an  electric  current.     It  is  the  electro-motive 
force  of  one  volt  produced  in  a  circuit  having  one  ohm 
of  resistance,  equal  to  ,',,  C.  <  '•.  S.  electro-magnetic  unit. 
It  is  sufficient  to  deposit  .3  grain  of  copper  per  minute 
on  the  plate  of   a  copper  voltameter,   or   to  decom- 
pose  sufficient  acidulated    water    to    generate    10.32 
c.  c.  of  mixed  hydrogen  and  oxygen  per  minute.     For 
convenience  the  j-gViT  Part  >s  used  in  medicine,  name- 
ly,  the   niilliampere.      This   equals  1  volt   divided    by 
1000.        Ampere-hour,  a  unit  of   electric  quantity 
equal  to  one  ampere   flowing  for  one   hour ;   it  is  the 
equivalent    of   3600   coulombs.      C.    G.    S.    System, 
Centimeter-gram-second  Units, — the  system  of  funda- 
mental   units    in    which   a  centimeter    is    adopted    as 
the  unit  of  length,  a  gram  as  the  unit  of  mass,  and 
a  second  as  the  unit  of  time.      Coulomb,  the  unit  of 
measurement   of  electric    quantity;     the    quantity   oi 
electricity   that  passes  during  one   second   through  a 
conductor  having  a   resistance  of  one   ohm,  with  one 
volt  of  electromotive  force.      The  micro-coulomb  \s  the 
millionth  part  of  this  amount.      Unit   of  Current,  a 
conductor  one  cm.  long  which,  if  bent  into  an  arc  of 
one  cm.  radius,  will  act  with   the   force  of  one  degree 
on  a  unit  magnet  pole  at  the  center.       Dyne,  the  unit 
of  force  ;  ;'.  e.,  the  force  which  if  it  acted  for  one  sec- 
ond on  a  mass  of  one  gram   would,  if  the  mass   was 
previously  at  rest,  give  it  a  velocity  of  one  centimeter 
per  second  ;    or  if  it  was  previously  in   motion   in  the 
direction  of  the  force,  would  in  that  time  alter  its  ve- 
locitv    by   that   amount.      Erg.      See    Unit  of  Work. 
Ergten,   10,000,000,000  ergs.      Farad,   the    unit  of 
electric  capacity.      Practically,  a  capacity   sufficient  to 
hold  one  coulomb  of  current  having  a  potential  of  one 
volt.     The  micro-fa  \    .  ,     part   of  the  theo- 

retic farad,  is  commonly  vised.  A  practical  form  of 
condenser  of  one  farad  capacity  consists  of  300  leaves 
of  tinfoil,  each  10  centimeter-  iii  diameter,  separated 
by  leaves  of  mica.  The  entire  surface  has  an  area  of 
about  I.I  sq.  meters.  Joule,  the  unit  of  electric  energy 
or  work.  The  volt  coulomb.  It  equals  10.000,000 
ergs.  Unit  Magnet  Pole,  a  magnet  having  a  strength 
of  pole  it  to  repel  a   similar  pole  at  a  distance 

with   a   force   of  one  degree.      Megalerg,    1. 000.000 
Megavolt,  1,000,000  volts.     Micro-coulomb. 


11  1  I    I  Kit   I  IV 


111 


I  I  I  I    I  RODE 


MicroTarad.  Micro 

volt,    one    millionth    pa  Milliampere. 

Ohm,  t!u-  m  I 

it  is  the  resistance  ol  a  pure  silvei    wire 
t-r  in  lei  millimeter  in  diamete 

•  unit    i-    ,  part  ol    the 

un /  Volt,  tli  mo 

ti\.  irrent  of 

me  ohm. 

il  popular  cells  : 

i  1  taniell,  1.05  :   Callaud, 

;  5  Volt-ampere,  the  unit  of 

•] 'fil 

zing  .m  flo  iromotive 

.     ;.     In  i;  J  equivalent  is  about 

:  minute.     It  is  sometimes  called 

Volt-coulomb,  the  unit  of  electric  wi 

Watt.     -  Weber,  an  ampere.     Unit 

of  Work.  [ual   to  the  work  required 

me  centimeter  against  a  force 
J  relations  ol  these  elec- 
tric units  may  1  ssed  thus:  — 

lomb  = 1  joule 

- 1  watt 

1  volt   -,i  ohm         = 1  ampere 

I  nn-  lun  1  volt 

ohm         — 1  wait 

ni.l     = 1  joule 

md    =  .   .   .       .  :  coulomb 

Electricity  Iris'-it-  .  amber].      One  of 

tin  f  nature  developed  or  generate  I   b)  chem- 

tism,  or  friction,  and    probably  a  mode  of 
ethereal  vibratioi  ly  analogous  to  and  converti- 

ble into  heat  and  light.  It  has  been  largely  employed 
in   its  variou  for  therapeutic  purposes.      Most 

animal  and  vegetable  libers  (living)  contract  when  an 
electric  current  is  passed  through  them,  and,  in  fact, 
no  substanci  mi  that  does  not  offer  some  resist- 

ance  to  the  an   electric   current.      By  the 

1  a  substance  is  meant  the  ability 
a  given  length  and  area  of  a  cross  section  of  that 
su!  conduct  electricity,  as  compared  with  an 

section  of  some  other 

-iKcr  or  copper.     This  power 

lances,  be  pronounced,  partial,  or 

Luctors    are    silver,  copper,    other 

ireoal;  partial  conductors  are   water,  the 

human  ■.  tod,  marble,   paper;   non 

tin,  dry  wood,  silk,  resins,  dry  air, 

ebonite,    paraffin,   glass.      E., 

Anima:  in  the   body.     E.,  Chemic. 

E.,  Faradic,  lhat    produced    by 

induction.      E.,  Franklinic,  frictional    or  static  elec- 

E.,  Frictional,  that  produi  ed  by  friction.   E., 

Galvanic,  that  which  is  generated   by  chemic   action 

in  -:  II.     E.,  Inductive,  that    produced  in 

trified   body    without 

E.,  Magnetic,  that  developed  by  bringing  a 

1   magnet.     See  Current. 

Medico  ir  thera]  5.     E., 

Static.  E.,  Voltaic,    same    as 

Electrization  amber]. 

idy.    E., General, 
all  j.art 

Electrize  ]       1 ,,  t,,.;ll  |,v 

Elect]  ].      A   metal 

'     I  to  the 

ble  galvanic 

CUf 


Electro-  {e-lek/-tro-)\ijteKTpovt  amber].  A.  Greek  word 
used  as  a  prefix  to  denote  connection  with  or  relation 
to  electricity.  E. -anesthesia,  inability  to  perceive 
the  sensation  made  by  electricit)  upon  the  skin. 
E. -biology,  the  science  of  the  electric  relations  and 
laws  oi  organic  beings  E.-bioscopy.  See  Bioscopy. 
E  -centesis,  the  use  of  electrolysis  to  cause  absorp- 
tion ol  effusions,  as  in  pleurisy.  E. -chemistry,  the 
science  of  the  intei  relations  and  laws  of  electricit) 
and  chemistry.  E. -cystoscopy,  examination  of  the 
bladder  bj  means  of  electric  illumination.  E. -diag- 
nosis, diagnosis  by  means  of  the  exaggeration  or 
diminution  of  the  reaction  of  the  excitable  tissues  oi 
the  body  when  subjected  to  the  varying  influences  of 
electric  currents.  E.-esthesia,  ability  to  perceive  the 
sensation  made  by  the  reception  of  an  electric  dis 
chaige  ;  it  ma)  co-exist  with  local  anesthesia,  or 
with  loss  of  the  power  to  perceive  other  sensations. 
E. -magnet,  a  mass  of  soft  iron  surrounded  by  a 
coil  of  wire.  E. -magnetic  Inertia,  a  term  some 
tunes  employed  instead  of  inductance  or  the  self- 
induction  of  a  current.  E. -magnetism,  magnetism 
induced  within  iron,  steel,  or  nickel,  by  introducing 
it  within  a  coil  through  which  a  current  is  passing. 
E. -massage,  the  transmission  of  a  current  of  el)  1 
tricky  through  a  kneading  instrument;  the  use  of 
labile  currents  applied  by  means  of  a  rolling  or  wheel 
electrode,  or  by  a  sponge  or  brush.  E. -motive, 
pertaining  to  the  mechanic  or  motor  effects  of  elec- 
tricity. E. -motor  Force,  that  which  sets  electricity 
in  motion  ;  the  difference  of  potential  between  two 
points.  It  is  estimated  in  volts.  E. -muscular,  per- 
taining to  the  action  of  electricity  upon  muscles. 
E. -muscular  Contractility,  the  contractile  response 
of  a  muscle  to  an  electric  current.  E. -muscular  Sen- 
sibility, the  impression  upon  a  sensory  nerve  by 
electric  irritation.  E.-otiatria,  electricity  applied  to  the 
treatment  of  diseases  of  the  ear.  E. -pathology,  the 
study  of  morbid  conditions  by  the  aid  of  electric  irrita- 
tion. E. -physiology,  the  study  of  electric  reaction-. 
properties,  and  relations  of  organs  and  organic  tissues. 
E.-puncturation,  or  E. -puncture,  the  use  of  needles 
as  electrodes,  which  are  thrust  into  an  organ,  or  tumor, 
e.  g.,  into  the  cavity  of  an  aneurysm,  with  the  object 
of  coagulating  the  contained  blood.  E. -sensibility, 
an  effect  produced  on  a  sensory  nerve  by  its  electriza- 
tion. E. -statics,  the  science  of  static  electricity,  or 
that  developed  by  friction  and  induction.  E.-thanasis, 
a  won!  proposed  for  death  by  electricity.  E. -thera- 
peutic Bath.  See  Bath.  E. -therapeutics,  the 
science  and  art  of  the  application  of  electricity  for 
therapeutic  purposes.  E. -therapy.  See  E.-tkera- 
patties.  E. -thermometry,  the  determination  of  the 
radiation  of  body  heat  by  means  of  an  electric  ther- 
moscope.  E. -vital,  pertaining  both  to  electricit}'  and 
to  the  phenomena  of  life.  E. -vitalism,  the  theoretic 
identification  of  the  vital  forces  with  electricity. 

Electrode  [e-lek'-trod)  [yteicrpov,  amber;  Mdc,  a  way]. 
The  instruments,  fastened  to  the  conducting  cords  ol  a 
battery,  that  are  used  in  the  application  of  electricity 
to  the  body.  The  standard  sizes  of  electrodes  gen- 
erally adopted  in  therapy  are,  according  to  Erb,  as 
follows :  — 

1    In"  electrode %  cm   diameter. 

2.  Small        "  2     " 

-   Medium  "  7.5  "  " 

4.  Large      "  6X2     " 

5    \  8  X16     " 

E.,  Brush,  one  end  fitted  with  a  camel's-hair  pencil. 
E.,  Clay,  a  therapeutic  electrode  of  day  shaped  to  tit 
the  part  of  the  body  to  be  treated.  E.,  Electro- 
therapeutic,    the    therapeutic    electrode    is   generally 


ELECTK<  (GENESIS 


11.-. 


ELEPHAN  1  1  VSIS 


placed  nearer  the  organ  or  part  to  be  treated  than 
the  indifferent  electrode.  E.,  Indifferent,  the  elec- 
trode that  is  employed  merely  to  complete  the  I  il 
cuit ;  not  directly  concerned  in  the  treatment  or  diag- 
nosis. E.,  Non-polarizable,  zinc  wires  treated  and 
so  arranged  as  to  prevent  electrolysis.  See  .!>;■■  and 
Cathode. 

Electrogenesis  (e-lek-tro-jenf-es-is\  \fjfaKTpov,  amber; 
■t/i -,  production].      Results  following  the  applica- 
tion of  electricity  to  the  spina]  cord  or  nerve  after  the 
withdrawal  of  the  electrodes. 

Electrolysis  (e-lek-troP-is-is)  [nXeicrpov,  amber*;  / 
solution].  The  dissolution  of  a  chemic  compound  by 
an  electric  current;  the  discussion  of  any  morbid 
growth  by  means  of  an  electro-chemic  current.  It  is 
used  in  the  treatment  of  hydrocele  and  some  other 
surgical  affections. 

Electrolytic  (e-lek-tro-litf -ik)  [qfaicrpov,  amber ;  'l.ioic, 
solution].      Relating  to  electrolysis. 

Electrometer  (e-lek-tromf -et-er)  [r/Xeicrpov,  electricity; 
fiirpov,  a  measure].  An  instrument  for  the  measure- 
ment of  differences  of  electric  potential. 

Electrophonize  (e-lek-trof -on-lz)  [jjXeicrpov,  amber; 
©oroc,  a  killing].  To  inflict  capital  punishment  by 
means  of  electricity. 

Electrophony  (e-lek-trof f -o-ne)  [r/Aeicrpov, amber;  (j>6i>oc, 
a  killing].    Capital  punishment  by  means  of  electricity. 

Electrophorus     (e-lek-trof'-or-us)     \_///n<-pov,    amber; 
i '/r,   to    carry]      An    instrument    used   to    generate 
small  quantities  of  static  electricity. 

Electropoion  Fluid  (e-lek-tro-poi' -on)  [rjXeicrpov,  amber; 
xoielv,  to  make].  A  battery  fluid  made  by  dissolving 
I  lb.  of  potassium  bichromate  in  a  mixture  of  water 
io  lbs.  to  sulphuric  acid  (commercial)  2]/z  lbs. 

Electroscope  (e-lek' '  -tro-skop)  [rfkeicrpov,  amber;  OKxynelv, 
to  view].  An  instrument  for  detecting  the  presence 
of  static  electricity  and  determining  whether  it  is  posi- 
tive or  negative. 

Electrostixis  (e-lek-tro-stiks/ -is)  [jjXeKrpov, amber;  critic, 
puncture].      Electro-puncture,  q.  v. 

Electrothanasize  (e-lek-tro-than1 '-as-lz)  \jflfKTpov,  am- 
ber ;  t)ava~6eiv,  to  kill].  To  produce  death  by  elec- 
tricity, but  not  as  capital  punishment. 

Electrothanatose  (e-lek-tro-than' '-at-os)  [jf/xicrpov,  am- 
ber; Hdvaror,  death].     Same  as  Electrothanasize . 

Electrothanatosis  (e-lek-tro-than-at-o'  -sis)  [f/keicrpov, 
amber;  dav&Tucnc,  a  putting  to  death].  Death  by 
electricity. 

Electrotisis  (e-lek-trof '-is-is)  \j/7enTpov,  amber;  rlaig, 
penalty].     Capital  punishment  by  electricity. 

Electrotistic  (e-lek-tro-tis'-tik)  [if/enrpov,  amber ;  riair, 
penalty].  Pertaining  to  capital  punishment  by  means 
of  electricity. 

Electrotistis  (e-lek-tro-tis/-tis).  An  incorrect  form  of 
Electrotisis,  q.v. 

Electrotome  (e-lek' -tro-tom)  \rj\EKTpov,  amber;  t'euveiv, 
to  cut].  The  circuit-breaker  of  an  electric  battery  ; 
especially  one  that  acts  automatically. 

Electrotonic  (e-lek-tro-ton'-ik)  \fj~XzKTpov,  amber  ;  rovoc, 
tension].  Relating  to  or  of  the  nature  of  electrotonus. 
E.  Effect,  an  altered  condition  of  excitability  of  a 
nerve  produced  when  in  the  electrotonic  state. 

Electrotonus  [e-lek-trof '-o-nus)  [jyMKTpov,  amljer ; 
ruvoc,  tension].  The  change  of  condition  in  a  nerve 
during  the  application  of  a  current  of  electricity.  A 
decrease  in  the  electro-motive  force  of  a  nerve,  effected 
by  sending  a  current  through  the  nerve  in  the  opposite 
direction  to  the  nerve-current,  is  termed  the  negative 
phase  of  electrotonus,  while  an  increase  in  the  electro- 
motive force  of  a  nerve,  effected  by  sending  a  current 
through  a  nerve  in  the  same  direction  as  the  nerve- 
current,  is   termed  the  positive  phase  of   electrotonus. 


See  Anelectrotonus,  Culelectrotonus,  and  Electrogenesis. 
E.,  Law  of.     See  Law. 

Electrovection  (e-lek-tro-vek'-shun)   [i/Xeicrpov,  am 
vehere,    to    carry].     Electric    endosmosis ;   the    intro- 
duction of  ii  :nts  into  the  system  by  mean-  of 
the  electric  current  ;   cataphon 

Electrozemia  [e-leh-tro-ze* '-me-ah)  \fjXeicrpov,  amber; 
J/itia,  penalty].  A  word  proposed  for  capital  punish- 
ment by  electricity  ;  electrotisis. 

Electuary  (e-lek' -chu-a-re)  [electuarium,  an  electuary]. 
A  soft  or  pasty  confection.     See  Confectio. 

Eleidin  (el-e'-id-iri)  [klaia,  olive-oil].  A  material  that 
form-,  the  elliptic  granules  of  the  superficial  cells  of  the 
stratum  granulosum  of  the  epidermis.  It  is  called  also 
keratohyalin. 

Element  (el'-em-ent)  \elementum,  a  first  principle].  In 
chemistry,  a  body  that  cannot  be  decomposed  into  sim- 
pler substances.  The  recognized  elements  now  num- 
ber about  73.  See  Table  of  Elements,  on  p.  416.  The 
term  is  applied  in  biology  to  the  ultimate  microscopic 
structures  of  a  tissue.  In  electricity,  one  of  the  gen- 
erating plates  in  a  galvanic  cell.  E.,  Mendelejeffs 
Classification  of,  the  classification  of  elements  ac- 
cording to  their  atomic  weights.  See  Elements,  7 
of,  Note. 

Elementary  (el-e-men'-ta-re)  \elementum,  a  first  princi- 
ple]. Pertaining  to  an  element.  E.  Cell,  an  embry- 
onic corpuscle.      Also,  a  synonym  of  Leukocyte ,  q .  v. 

Elemi  (el'-em-i)  [Arab].  A  concrete  resinous  exudation 
probably  derived  from  the  Canarium  commune,  al- 
though its  botanic  source  is  still  undetermined.  It 
contains  a  crystalline  resin,  Elemin  or  Amyrin.  Its 
action  is  similar  to  those  of  the  turpentines  generally. 
E.,  Unguent.  (13.  P.),  elemi  and  simple  ointment  ;  it 
is  used  as  an  application  to  indolent  sores  and  boils. 
Many  other  resins  are  known  to  commerce  as  elemi. 
In  general,  the  elemis  are  softer  than  the  copals ;  and 
they  may  be  classed  together  as  a  group  of  somewhat 
hard  oleo-resins.      See  Resins. 

Eleocharis  (e-le-ok' -ar-is)  [eAoc,  marsh;  Xa  :''  ■'''•  [" 
rejoice].  A  genus  of  sedges  or  cyperaceous  plants  ; 
the  spike-rushes.  E.  palustris,  a  plant  very  common 
in  Europe,  Asia,  and  X.  America,  is  a  popular  astring- 
ent remedy,  useful  for  diarrhea  and  for  hemorrhages. 
The  root,  tops,  and  seeds  are  used.      Lnof. 

Eleoptene  (el-e-op' '-ten)  [e?.aiov,  oil ;  -rtjvoc,  volatile]. 
The  permanent  liquid  principle  of  volatile  oils.  See 
Stearoptene. 

Eleosaccharum  (e-le-o-sak'-ar-iim)  [L. :  //.,  Eleosac- 
chard].     Same  as  Oleosaccharum. 

Elephant  Leg.     See  Elephantiasis  arabum. 

Elephant's  Foot  (el' -e-f ants  foot) .  Any  plant  of  the 
genus  Elephantopns,  order  Composite .  The  U.  S. 
has  several  species.  Elephantopus  tomentosus  is  diu- 
retic, expectorant,  and  emetic.  Dose  of  the  fld.  ext. 
rr^v-xxx.  Unof.  E.  carolinianus  is  tonic  and  febri- 
fuge, and  so  are  various  tropical  species. 

Elephantiasis  (el-e-fan-ti'-as-is)  [  .  au  elephant]. 

Elephantiasis  arabum  ;  Barbadoes  leg :  Tropical  big 
leg;  spargosis ;  elephant  leg;  morbus  elephas ;  buc- 
nemia  tropica;  pachydermia;  a  chronic  affection  of 
the  cutaneous  and  subcutaneous  tissue.-,  often  occurring 
as  an  endemic  or  sporadic  disease,  due  to  obliteration 
of  lymph-vessel-,  resulting  in  febrile  and  other  systemic 
symptoms,  redness,  tumefaction,  and  infiltration  of  the 
affected  part,  and  the  eventual  production  of  a  well- 
marked  hypertrophy  that  may  become  gigantic.  It 
is  most  common  in  the  leg  and  genitals.  E.  grae- 
corum.      See  E.    indica.      Synonym    of 

E.  arabum.  E.  telangiectodes,  a  rare  va-cular 
form  of  elephantia-i-  arabum  of  congenital  origin  but 
of  later  development. 


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ELEPHAN  f<  >11>  FEVER 


418 


1  MBLICA 


Elephantoid  Fever 

Elephas  I    |       Synonym 

Eleuthera  Bark 
Eleutheropetalous 

i  leal,  .1  petal].  1  he 

sai 
Eleutherophyll. 

hi    b  i   made   up   of   distinct 

lea' 
Eleval  -lllJ       '     rhesameas 

•     An  instrument 

!  dentistry.     E.  Disease,  one  of 

to  (  onstant  traveling  in 

an  ' 
Elimination  ■  litnen,  thresh 

old).     I  a ;  the  pi  forth  or  out. 

Eliquation  . '-  hun    [  Hquat   ,  tomeltout].  The 

•  substance  from  another  by  fusion  or 

melt 
Elixir  [Arab.,  el  iksir,    the    philosoph 

iromatic,  spirituous  prepara- 

radically  a  flavored  syrup  designed  as 

t   extracts  and   tinctures.     There  are 

mat  twooi  which  are  official  in  the  U.  S. 

P.  ;  in  the  N    F.  more  than  seventyare  described.    E. 

aromaticum,  aromatic  elixir,  comp.  spirit  of  orange 

12  -  alj  Him  phosphate 

i;  hoi  and  distilled  water, q.  s. 

Elixiviation  [e-liks-w-e-a' -shun).     See  Lis 

Elkodermatosis  (el-ko-dcr-mat-o'-sis)  [eAiioc,  an  ulcer; 

.    skin ;     vbaoc,  disease].      An   ulcerative    skin- 

Ellagic  Acid         •''.',.      See  Acid. 

Elliot's  Bassorin  Paste.  A  paste  used  in  the  treat- 
ment of  eczema.  It  consists  of  bassorin,  to  drams; 
ctrin,  6  drams;  glycerin.  2  drams  ;  water,  sufficient 
to  make  2; ' ,  drams.      It  should  be  prepared  c< 

Elliptic,   Elliptical   [el-ip'-tik,  -al)    [  ,  ellipse]. 

Having  the   form  of  an   ellipse.      E.   Amputation. 

Ellis's  Curved  Line.     See  Line.     E.,  Ligament  of. 

.   at. 
Ellison's  Ventilating  Bricks.     See  Ventilation. 
Elm.     See  Ulmus  and  Fremontia. 

Elocution  :iuii)   \_e,  out  of;  loqui,  to  speak]. 

.     ment,  and   delivery  of   words   and 
ill-'   use  of  the   voice,  the   action 
.  diaphragm,  gesture,  etc. 
Elocutionist  iun-ist)    [e,  out  of;    loqui,  to 

.'-.].     I  me  who  is  skilled  in  the  art  of  elocution. 
E.'s  Cramp.     See  Crump. 
Elodea  .  marshy].     The  marsh  St. 

■  Us  of  In  ;  ius    plants.       E. 

virginica,  3    and    Canada,  is  a 

.■>(. 
I  swampy;   ikoc,  a  swamp]. 

r  ;    malarial  I- 
er^.  lJlastidules  of.     See  Heredity. 
Elutriation  hun)   \elutriare,  to  wash  out]. 

i     ■■   tin-   coarser  parti 
separated  from  the  finer. 
Ely's    Operation.  Table   of.      E.'s 

Table. 
Elythnf.  tis. 

Elytratresia  sheath  ; 

).     Atresia  of  the  vagina ;  colpa- 

Elytreurynter  sheath  ; 

nter. 

Elytritis 


Elytrocele  (cl'-it-ro-sel)  [lAvrpov,  sheath  ;  <.','•,,  her- 
nia J.     1  olpoi  ele  :   vaginal  hernia. 

Elytroclasia  [el-it-ro-kla' -se-ah)  [  sheath;   icAd- 

etv,  to  break].     Rupture  of  the  vagina. 

Elytroncus  [el-it-rong'-kus).     Same  as  Elytrophytna. 

Elytrophyma  [el-it-ro  fi'-mah)  [iXvrpov,  sheath;  o'vpa, 
a  tumor].      Swelling  or  tumor  of  the  vagina. 

Elytroplastic  [el-it-ro-plas'-tik)  [Mvrpov,  sheath;  -'/ua- 
ncir,   to  form].      Relating  to  elytroplasty. 

Elytroplasty  [el'-it-ro-plas-te)  [iXvrpov,  sheath;  -'/>ia- 
aetv,  to  form].  Plastic  operation  upon  the  vagina, 
especially  for  vesicovaginal  fistula. 

Elytropolypus  [el-it-ro-pol' -ip-us)  \lXvrpov,  sheath  ; 
irdKimovc,  polypus].     Vagina]  polypus. 

Elytroptosis  [el-it-rop-to' -sis)  [iXvrpov,  sheath;  irruotg, 
.1  falling].      Prolapse  of  the  vagina. 

Elytrorrhagia  [el-it-ror-a1 '-je-ah)  [eXvrpov,  sheath; 
'ptjyvvvai,  to  burst  forth].  Hemorrhage  from  the 
vagina. 

Elytrorrhaphy  [cl-it-ror'-a-f, >)  \jt\vrpOV,  sheath ;    . 
a  seam].      Suture  of  the  vaginal  wall.      An  operation 
to  close  the  opening  of  the  vagina  in  procidentia  uteri. 

Elytrorrhea  [el-it-ror-e'-ah)  \eXvrpov,  sheath ;  fold,  a 
flow].      A  vaginal  leukorrhea. 

Elytrostenosis  [el-it-ro-ste-no1 '-sis)  [IXvrpov,  sheath ; 
OTevuGic,  a  contraction].  Colpostenosis  ;  vaginal 
stricture. 

Elytrotome  [el-if -ro-tom)  \l\vrpov,  sheath;  Top.fi,  a 
cutting].      An    instrument   for  performing  elytrotomy. 

Elytrotomy  [1 v '-it-rot' -o-me)  [IXvrpov,  sheath;  roprj,  a 
cutting].      Surgical  incision  of  the  vaginal  wall. 

Elytrum,  Elytron  [el'-it-rum,  -Iron)  \i\vTpov,  a  cover, 
case:  />/. ,  Elytra].  In  biology,  one  of  the  wing-covers, 
wing  sheaths,  or  modified  fore-wings  of  beetles;  also 
one  of  the  scales  on  the  hack  of  certain  worm-. 

Emaciation  (<  ma-  e-a'-shun)  \emaciare,  to  make  lean]. 
Loss  of  the  fat  and  fulness  of  the  flesh  of  the  body. 
Leanness. 

Emaculation  [e-mak-u-la'  -shun)  \_e macular,-,  to  remove 
-pots].  The  removal  of  freckles  or  other  spots  from 
the  face. 

Emanation  (em-an-a'-shun)  \etnanare,  to  issue].  1. 
Emission;  radiation.  2.  That  which  flows  or  issues 
from  a  substance  ;   effluvium. 

Emandibulate  [e-man-dib* -u-lat)  [f,  priv.  ;  mandibula, 
mandible].  In  biology,  without  mandibles,  or  at 
least  with  soft  and  minute  mandibles. 

Emansio  1  man'-se-o)  [L.].  A  failing.  E.  men- 
sium,  delayed  menstruation;   amenorrhea. 

Emarginate  [e-mar' '-jin-at)  \emarginatus,  to  deprive 
of  the  edge].  In  biology,  applied  to  a  leaf  or  feather 
the  margin  of  which  is  broken,  notched,  nicked,  or 
otherwise  modified. 

Emasculation  [e-mas-ku-la'-shun)  \emasculare,  to 
make  impotent].  Removal  of  the  testicles;  impo- 
tence.     Site,  also,  Eviration. 

Embalming  [em-bahm'  ing)  [I'r. .  en,  in;  bauma,  bal- 
sam]. The  treatment  of  a  cadaver  with  antiseptic  and 
preservative  substances  to  keep  it  from  putrefying. 

Embedding  [em-bed' -fag).  The  fixation,  in  ordertopre- 
serveil  intact,  of  a  tissue-specimen  in  a  firmer  medium 
before  freezing  or  otherwise  hardening  and  section. 

Embelia   [em-be' -le-ah)    [Embel,  a   German   traveler], 

A  genus  of  shrubs.     E.   ribes,  a  myrtaceous    shrub 

that  grows  in  Asia;    it  is  reputed  to  have  anthelmintic 

properties.      Dose  of  the  powdered   fruit,   sjj-iv;   of 

fluid  extract,  15 j— iv.      I  not'. 

Emblica   [em'  blik-ah)   [I..].      A   genus  of  euphorbia- 

E.    officinalis,    a   tree    of    India;    its 

fruit,    the    Emblica    myrobalan    (see    Myrobalan),   is 

astringent  and  vermifuge,  the  seed   is   febrifuge,  and 

the  bark  is  also  medii  inal.      Unof. 


EMBOITMENT 


419 


EMBRYO 


Emboitment  [on{  , ')  bivaP-mon^g))  [OF.,  emboister, to 
inclose,  as  in  a  box].     In  biology,  Bonnet's  doctrine 

that  each  germ  includes  the  germs  of  all  generations 
that  shall  succeed  it. 

Embolemia  [em-bol-^-me-ah]  [•//■>'"/<",  thrown  in; 
nil/a,  blood].  A  state  of  the  blood  in  which  it  is 
said  that  emboli  are  readily  formed. 

Embolic  [em-bol' '-ik\  [ifi(3o%og,  thrown  in].  Relating 
to,  associated  with,  or  caused  by  an  embolus. 

Emboliform  [em-bol* -if-orm)  [fyt/JoAop,  an  embolus; 
forma,  form].      Resembling  an  embolus. 

Embolism  [em* -bo-lixm)  [ipfioAog,  an  embolus].  The 
obstruction  of  an  artery  or  capillary,  usually  by  a 
blood-clot  or  embolus,  brought  from  another  point  by 
the  blood-current.  These  emboli  maybe  fragments 
of  vegetation  hom  the  valves  oi  tin.-  heart,  clots  from 
a  thrombosis  or  aneurysm,  or  fragments  of  atheroma- 
tous tissue.  Around  the  seat  of  an  embolus  thrombo- 
sis occurs  with  the  production  of  an  infarct,  </.  v.  E., 
Air,  by  a  bubble  of  air.  E.,  Capillary,  obstruction 
of  capillaries  by  micrococci.  This  occurs  in  pyemia. 
E.,  Fat,  the  entrance  into  the  circulation  of  fluid  fat 
after  extensive  injuries.  Death  often  follows.  The 
symptoms  are  restlessness,  anxiety,  slight  dyspnea, 
accelerated  breathing,  quickening  of  the  pulse  ;  cya- 
nosis, delirium,  and  insomnia,  followed  by  coma,  are 
graver  symptoms,  The  temperature  may  remain  sub- 
normal or  it  may  rise.  E.,  Infective,  the  emboli  are 
metastatic.  This  occurs  in  pyemia  and  ulcerative 
endocarditis.  E.,  Multiple,  numerous  small  emboli. 
E.,  Paradoxical,  embolism  of  an  artery  by  a  venous 
thrombus,  as  may  occur  in  a  patulous  foramen  ovale. 
E.,  Pyemic.  See  E.,  Infective.  E.,  Retinal,  occur- 
ring in  the  arteria  centralis  retina:,  followed  by  sudden 
loss  of  vision.  E.,  Venous,  occurring  in  veins,  espe- 
cially of  the  lungs  and  liver. 

Emboloid  [em' '-bo-laid")  \_Ejit3o/ng,  an  embolus;  eldog, 
likeness].      Resembling  an  embolus. 

Embololalia  [em-bo-lo-la' -le-aft)  [ififiokog,  a  thing 
thrown  in  ;  /a'/ m,  talk].  The  morbid  intercalation  of 
words,  often  meaningless,  into  the  speech. 

Embolophrasia  [em-bo-lo-fra'-ze-ah)  [efi/ioXog,  inser- 
tion ;   tbp&oig,  speech].      Embololalia. 

Embolus  [em'-bo-lus)  [_E/ij3o/.og ;  ev,  in;  jla/v.eiv,  to 
throw].  I.  A  clot  of  blood,  or  plug  of  other  material, 
brought  by  the  blood-current  from  a  distant  artery, 
and  forming  an  obstruction  at  its  place  of  lodgment. 
2.   Wilder's  term  for  the  nucleus  emboliformis. 

Emboly  [em'-bo-le)  [iu.iu/ //,  insertion].  In  embryolo- 
gy,  the  process  of  invagination  that  gives  rise  to  a  gas- 
trula  from  a  blastosphere  or  vesicular  morula. 

Embrocation  [em-bro-ka'-shun)  [kfifipi  \nv,  to  soak 
in].  A  fluid  external  application  for  some  injured  or 
diseased  part. 

Embryectomy  [em-bre-ek' '-to-me)  {efifipvov,  embryo; 
enTonTj,  a  cutting  out].  The  surgical  removal  of  the 
embryo  in  extra-uterine  pregnancy. 

Embryo  [em'-bre-o)  [l/z/?puov].  The  ovum  and  the  pro- 
duct of  conception  up  to  the  fourth  month  of  pregnancy  ; 
the  fertilized  germ  of  an  animal.  Applied  in  botany 
to  the  rudimentary  plant  within  the  seed.  E.-sac. 
In  biology,  (a)  the  cell  in  the  nucleus  of  the  ovule 
of  flowering-plants,  that  contains  the  germinal  vesicles 
and  finally  the  embryo;  (/>)  the  protoconch  or  primi- 
tive shell  of  certain  cephalopods. 


Schkmi.  oi-  mi   F<  .I'M a  noN  of  the  Head- and  Tail-F' 
r.  Head-fold.    I'.  Anterior  extremity  of  tl  intestinal 

tract.   S.  Tail-told,  first  rudiment  of  the  cavity  of  the  rec  turn. 


Schkmi-:  of  a  Longitudinal  Section  through  an  F.mbrvo 
after  the  Formation  of  the  Head-  and  Tail-Folds. 

Ao.  Omphalomesenteric   arteries.      Yo    Omphalomesenteric 
veins,    a.  Position  of  the  allanlois.     A.  Amniotic  fold. 


Scheme  of  a  Longitudinal  Section  through  a  Human- 
Ovum. 

Z.  Zona  pellucida.  S.  Serous  cavity,  r.  Union  of  the  amniotic 
folds  A.  Cavity  of  the  amnion,  a.  Allantois.  X.  Umbilical 
vesicle,     m.  Mesoblast.     h    Heart.     L*.  Primitive  intestine. 


Scheme  of  a  Longitudinal  Section  of  an  Early 

I-  MBRYO. 
E.  Epiblast.     m.  Mesoblast.     e.  Hypoblast. 


Scheme  of  Human  E.mbrvo.  with  the  Visceral  Archis 
still  Persistent. 

A.  Amnion.  V.  Fore-brain.  M.  Mid-brain.  H.  Hind-brain. 
X.  After-brain.  U.  Primitive  vertebrae,  a.  Eye.  p.  Xasal 
pit.  S.  Frontal  process,  y.  Internal  nasal  process,  n.  Ex- 
ternal nasal  process,  r.  Superior  maxillary  process  of  the 
first  visceral  arch,  i,  2,  3,  and  4  The  four  visceral  arches, 
with  the  visceral  clefts  between  them.  o.  Auditory  vesicle, 
h.  Heart,  with  e.  primitive  aorta,  which  divides  into  the  five 
aortic  arches  f.  Descending  aorta,  om.  Omphalic-mesen- 
teric artery,  b.  The  omphalo-mesenteric  arteries  of  the  um- 
bilical vesicle,  c.  Omphalo-mesenteric  vein.  L.  Liver  with 
venae  advehenn  s  and  revehentes.  D.  Intestine,  f.  Inferior 
cava.  T.  Coreyx.  all  Allantois,  with  z,  one  umbilical 
arterv  ;   and  x,  an  umbilical  vein. 


1  MBRY<  iCARDIA 


120 


EMMENAG*  >GUE 


EmbryocarJ-.a 

:•  ].      A:;  i  ..i  tin-  heart,  char- 

i    by  a  heart  beat  like  that  of  a  fetus.      It  U 

•dated  with  tachycardia,  and  a  condition 

Embryocton .  |  ,    embryo; 

|       I  n  of  the  living  fetus ; 

lent  "i"  abortion. 
Embryogenesis  Embryogeny 

duc- 
partment  of  biology  which  deals  with 
menl  of  I  germ. 

Embryograph  ,     i  mbryo  ; 

rm  of  microscope  and  camera 
id  figures  in  em- 
idy. 
Embryography  ■   embryo; 

.  t,.  write  j  tion  of  embryos. 

Embryologic  .    Embryological 

science]. 
I 
Embryologist     |  '«/)     [>■  em 

\  ialist  or  expert  in  the  science 

Embryology  ,  embryo  ;  A. 

The  of   the  evolution   of   the  em- 

bryo, or  the  study  of  fetal  development. 
Embryon  a  Embryo. 

Embryonal  '-nal).     Same  as  Embryonic. 

Embryonic    {em-bre-on'-ik)    [  ,  embryo].      Per 

tail  the  embryo.     E.   Area,  in    embryology, 

|ue  circular  spot  that  forms  on  the  blastoderm. 
E.  Connective    Tissue,  the  primitive  condition    of 
tissue    when    first   formed,   consisting   of 
i  cells.      E.  Spot.     See  E.  ./■ 
Embryotega    {em-bre-otf-e-gaK)    [  .  an  embryo; 

■  ].      In  biology,  a  small   lid  or  cap  cover- 
micropyle  in  certain  seeds. 
Embryotome  {emf -bre-o-toiri)   [ififipvnv,  embryo  ;  roiif], 

in].      An  instrument  used  in  embryotomy. 
Embryotomy     [em-bre-of '-o-me)     \l(t(ipvov,    embryo; 
a].     An  operation  for  reduction  of  the  size 
r  possible  its  transmission  through 
the     birth-canal.  ■   See      Cephalotripsy ;     Cranioclasm, 
.  De  olla  xpitation,  Exen- 

isceration,  Lamination,  Perforation,  Spon- 
.    I 
Embryotoxon    |    m-bre-o-toksf -on\     [lufipvov,    embryo; 
-.j.     A  condition  resembling  arcus  senilis, 
it  birth. 
Embryotrophe  {emf -bre-o-trof)  [  .  the  embryo  ; 

In  biology,  the  food-yolk. 
Embryotrophy  .   embryo; 

ourishment].       The  nutrition  of  the  fetus. 
Embryulcia  embryo ;  lKkeiv, 

•■].      i.    Forcible  extraction  of  the  fetus.     2. 

'     .||1V 

Embryulcus  ,.  ].      A  blunt 

Emerald-green.  -.-.    Mittler's  Creen, 

n. 
Emergence  ,  out;   m  ,  to  merge ; 

'  ].      In    i  of   those    stru<  i 

to  hairs,   but 
tirs     in   nol    originating    from 

lion 
t(  rm. 

Emergency  Up].      A 

I   ■    i  tion  ; 
an  r,  and  calling  for 

prompt 


Emergent  (e-mer'-jent)  [emergere,  to  rise  up],  Sud- 
d.-n.  unforeseen,  and  urgent  ;  calling  for  prompt  de- 
.  ision  and  action  -,  as  an  emergent  case. 

Emerod  (em'-er-od).     See  Hemorrhoid. 

Emery  Strips.  Strip-  made  of  tine  emery  cloth  and 
employed  by  dentists  tor  cutting  down  to  tin-  correct 
shape  tin-  excess  of  gold  on  proximate  fillings. 

Emesis  ,  to  vomit].    Vomiting. 

Emetatrophia    {e-met-at-rof-fe-ah  )   [hitatg,  vomiting; 
.  wasting].      Atrophy  or    wasting,  due  to  per 
sistent  vomiting. 

Emetic  (e-met'-ik )  [e/ieriKog,  causing  vomiting],  i. 
Having  the  power  to  induce  vomiting.  2.  An  agent 
causing  emesis,  or  a  dose  ol  such  an  agent.  E., 
Direct,  om-  acting  directly  on  the  nerves  of  the 
stomach.  E.,  Indirect,  or  E.,  Systemic,  one  acting 
through  the  blood  upon  the  vomiting-center,  or  by  rc- 
flex  action  from  other  peripheral  sources. 

Emeticology  (e-met-ik-o/'-o-Je)  [t/uriKoe,  emetic  ;  /loyoc, 
treatise].     Same  as  Emetology. 

Emetin  (em'  -et-in).     See  Ipecacuanha. 

Emeto-catharsis  {em' -et-o-kath-ar' -sis)  \_haair,  vomit- 
ing; nadaipeiv,  to  purge].  Vomiting  and  purgation 
at  the  same  time,  or  produced  by  a  common  agent. 

Emeto-cathartic  (em' -et-o-kath-ar' -tik  )  [Ifteotg,  vom- 
iting ;  Kodaipuv,  to  purge];  Having  power  to  induce 
emeto-catharsis. 

Emetology  (em-et-ol'-o-je)  [iueroq,  vomiting;  '/<> , '»  . 
science].  The  study  or  science  of  the  physiology, 
pathology,  and  therapeutics  of  vomiting,  and  of  the 
nature  of  emetics. 

Emetomania  (em-et-o-ma'-ne-aA)  \luero£,  vomiting; 
uavia,  madness].      Insane  desire  for  frequent  emetics. 

Emetomorphin  (em-et-o-mor'-fin)  [e/zeroc,  vomiting; 
Alorpheus,  the  god  of  sleep].      Apomorphia. 

Emetophobia  (em-et-o-fo'-be-ah  )  [tyteroc,  vomiting ; 
<p6  ''»;,  fear].      Morbid  dread  or  fear  of  vomiting. 

Emiction  (e-mik'  -s/iun)  [e,  out;  mingere,  to  void 
urine].      Urination. 

Emictory  {e-mik1 -tor-e)  \e,  out;  mingere,  to  void 
urine].  I.  Promoting  the  secretion  of  urine.  2.  A 
diuretic  medicine. 

Emigration  {em-ig-ra'-skun)  [e,  out;  migrare,  to  wan- 
der] .  The  outward  passage  of  a  wandering-cell  or  leu- 
kocyte through  the  wall  of  a  blood-vessel;  diapedesis. 

Eminence  {em/-in-ens)  [eminentia,  an  eminence]. 
A  rounded  or  protuberant  part  of  an  organ,  especially 
of  a  bone.  E.,  Canine.  See  Canine.  E.,  Col- 
lateral, a  projection  of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the 
brain  between  the  hippocampi.  E.  of  Doyere.  See 
Doyere  and  Sarcoglia.  E.  facialis,  an  eminence  in 
the  angle  formed  by  the  strix-  and  sulcus  ventriculi. 
E.,  Frontal,  the  two  eminences  of  the  frontal  bone 
above  tin-  superciliary  ridges.  E.,  Ilio-pectineal,  a 
ridge  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  pubic  bone.  E., 
Nasal,  the  prominence  above  the  root  of  the  nose 
between  tin-  superciliary  ridges.  E.,  Parietal,  the 
eminence  of  the  parietal  bone. 

Eminential  (em-in-en' '-shal\  [eminentia,  an  eminence]. 
Relating  to  an  eminence. 

Emissarium  (em-is-a'-re-um)  [L.].  A  term  for  any 
canal  or  channel  conveying  a  fluid  outward.  It  is 
applied  especially  to  tin-  veins  of  the  skull. 

Emissary  Veins.      Sic  Emissarium  and   Vein. 

Emission  (e  mish'-uri)   [emittere,  to  send  forth].      An 
illation,  or  sending  forth. 

Emmena  (em-e'  >iah\  \jomiea.  menses].      (Menses,  q.v. 

Emmenagogue    {em-en' '-ag-og)    [hiu.r/i>a,  the  menses; 

.    leading].      A    medicine    that    stimulates    the 

menstrual   flow.      E.,  Direct,  one  acting   directly  on 

tin-  generative  organs.      E.,  Indirect,  one  acting  only 

through  other  functions  and  indirectly. 


EMMENIA 


421 


EMPYEMA 


Emmenia  (em-e'-ne-ah)  [L.].     The  menses. 

Emmeniopathy  (em-en-e-op? -a-the)  \ip.fap>a,  menses; 
rradog,  illness].      Any  disorder  of  menstruation. 

Emmenology  [etn-en-oV -o-je)  [l[ifup>a,  menses;  / 
science].      That  branch  of  science  that  treats  of  men- 
struation. 

Emmenorrhea  [em  en-or-e,-ah\  [ififii/va,  menses;  poia, 
a  Sowing].     The  menses. 

Emmerich,  Bacillus  of.     See  Bacteria,  Table  of. 

Emmert's  Suture.      See  Suture. 

Emmet's  Method.  See  Treatment,  Methods  of.  E. 
Operation.  See  Trachelorrhaphy,  and  Operations, 
Table  of. 

Emmetrope  [em'-et-rop)  [tv,  in;  fiirpov,  measure; 
u>ip,  eye].      A  person  whose  eyes  are  emmetropic. 

Emmetropia  (em-ct-ro'-pe-a/i)  \jv,  in;  fiirpov,  measure; 
M,  the  eye].  Normal  or  perfect  vision.  The  con- 
dition of  an  eye  whose  shape  and  refractive  media  are 
such  that,  with  suspended  accommodation,  parallel 
rays  of  light  are  brought  to  a  focus  upon  the  retina. 
For  practical  tests,  rays  of  light  from  a  point  20  feet 
away  are  considered  as  parallel. 

Emmetropic  (em-et-roff -i£)  \hv,  in;  fiirpov,  measure; 
o>4>,  eye].      Characterized  by  emmetropia. 

Emodin  [emf -o-diri)  [Hind. ,  emodi,  rhubarb],  C15II10- 
<  >..     A  glucosid  that  occurs  with  chrysophanic  acid  in 

•  the  bark  of  wild  cherry,  in  cascara  sagrada,  and  in  the 
root  of  rhubarb.  It  consists  of  orange-red  crystals, 
melting  at  245-2500  C. 

Emollient  (e-mol' '-vent)  \emollire,  to  soften].  I.  Soft- 
ening ;  relaxing  and  soothing.  2.  A  substance  used 
by  external  application  to  soften  the  skin  ;  or,  inter- 
nally, to  sooth  an  irritated  or  inflamed  surface.  E. 
Cataplasm.     Same  as  Species  emollientes. 

Emoptoe  (em-op' -to-e).     See  He?noptysis. 

Emotion  (e-mo' -shun)  \_etnotio,  agitation].  Mental 
feeling,  or  sentiment,  with  the  associated  agitation, 
and  often  with  more  or  less  bodily  commotion.  With 
the  emotions,  desire,  impulse,  and  will  are  intimately- 
associated. 

Emotional  (e-mo'-shun-al)  [emovere,  to  move  out]. 
Pertaining  to  the  mental  condition  of  feeling.  E. 
Insanity,  insanity  characterized  by  exaggeration  and 
exaltation  of  feelings. 

Erapansement((V)(;')-/(W{^u/-wo«f,»-))  [Fr.].  A  dis- 
ease of  sheep  marked  by  abdominal  swelling. 

Empathema  [em-path-e'-mak)  [kv,  in  ;  TrdHr/ua,  suffer- 
ing: pi.,  Empathema ta~\.  A  dominant  or  ungovern- 
able passion  or  source  of  suffering.  E.  atonicum, 
hypochondriasis.  E.  entonicum,  active  mania.  E. 
inane,  harebrained  and  purposeless  passion  and 
excitement. 

Emphlysis  (emf -flis-is)  \jv,  in,  on  ;  olvair,  eruption  : 
pi. ,  Emphlyses\.  Any  vesicular  or  exanthematous 
eruption. 

Emphractic  (em-frak' -tik)  [ifioparreiv,  to  obstruct]. 
I.  Obstructive  ;  closing  the  pores  of  the  skin.  2. 
Any  agent  that  obstructs  the  function  of  an  organ, 
especially  the  excretory  function  of  the  skin. 

Emphraxis  (em-fraks/-is)  [ijitypai-u;,  obstruction]. 
1  tbstruction  ;    infarction  ;   congestion. 

Emphyma  (em-fi'-maK)  [iv,  in;  <pvpa,  growth://., 
Emphymata~\.      A  tumor. 

Emphysema  (em-  fiz-e'-mah')  [hfifvaaeiv,  to  inflate]. 
The  abnormal  collection  of  air  in  the  connective  tissue 
of  a  part,  causing  swelling  and  crepitation.  E.,  Cuta 
neous,  that  occurring  in  the  connective  tissue- 
beneath  the  skin,  usually  of  the  face.  E.,  Gangren- 
ous. See  Edema.  Malignant.  E.,  Interlobular,  a 
form  of  emphysema  following  the  course  of  the  inter- 
lobular septa.  This  condition  is  due  to  traumatism, 
as  after  tracheotomy,  or  in  direct  injury  to  the  lungs. 


E.,  Pulmonary,  a  chronic  condition  of  the  lungs  in 
which  there  is  a  dilatation  of  the  alveoli  with  destruction 

of  the  alveolar  walls,  resulting  in  a  loss  of  the  normal 
elasticity  of  the  lung-tissue.  This  is  associated  with 
more  or  less  marked  dyspnea,  with  hacking  cough,  and 
defective  aeration  of  the  blood,  giving  rise  to  a  certain 
degree  of  cyanosis.  The  chest  bei  omes  lull  and  round 
— "barrel-shaped" — and  a  line  of  distended  veins 
may  often  he  seen  surrounding  the  body  at  the  lower 
margin  of  the  ribs,  constituting  the  so  1  ailed  "  -  mphy- 
sematoui   girdle."       1  lure  is  a    hypi  ant   note 

over  the  chest,  with  feeble  inspiratory  sound  and  num- 
erous rairs  of  all  kinds.  Hypertrophy  and  dilatation  of 
the  rtLjht  heart  are  frequent  complications.  I  he  margins 
of  the  lungs  are  often  the  seat  of  large  bullae  du< 
extensive  destruction  of  the  alveolar  tissue.  The 
most  frequent  causes  of  emphysema  are  whooping- 
cough  and  chronic  lung-affections  attended  with 
severe  coughing-spells.  E.,  Surgical.  See  A'eroder- 
m  ectasia. 

Emphysematous  (emftz-em'-at-us)  [k/MJwadeiv,  to  in- 
flate]. Affected  with  or  of  the  nature  of  emphysema. 
E.  Girdle.      See  Emphysema. 

Emphytriatreusis  (emfit-re-at-ru/-sis)  [e/ufmrog,  in- 
nate; laTpevGir,  treatment].  The  treatment  of  dis- 
ease by  an  untrained  person,  whether  clairvoyant, 
medium,  trance-doctor,  telepathist,  mesmerist,  or 
seventh  son  of  a  seventh  son. 

Empiric  (em-pir'-ik)  [kfiireipucSg,  experiential,  practi- 
cal]. One  practising  medicine  without  philosophic 
or  scientific  principles,  simply  from  the  results  of  his 
own  experience,  or  that  of  others.  As  commonly 
used  it  is  nearly  synonymous  with  cmack. 

Empiricism  (em-pir'-is-izm)  [ifiireipucdg ,  experimental, 
practical].  I.  Dependence  upon  experience  or  obser- 
vation.    2.   Quackery. 

Empiricist  (em-pir'-is-ist)  [iu-eipinor,  experimental, 
practical].  One  who  depends  upon  experience  in  the 
treatment  of  disease. 

Emplastrum  (em-plas'-trum)  [i/iirXaaaetv,  to  plaster 
up:  pi. ,  Emplastra~\.  A  plaster.  In  pharmacy,  a 
cohesive,  tenacious  substance,  insoluble  in  water,  used 
as  an  excipient  and  containing  a  prescribed  medicinal 
substance  intended  to  be  spread  in  a  thin  layer  upon 
chamois,  kid,  or  muslin.  The  excipient  is  usually 
lead  oleate  or  Burgundy  pitch.  (See  Lead  and  Pix. ) 
There  are  13  official  emplastra.  E.  califaciens.  S 
Cantharis. 

Empresiomania     (em-pre-se-o-ma/-ne-ah)      [  •■  ■  -     - 
conflagration;    uavia,    mania].      Pyromania ;    insane 
desire  to  burn  houses  or    other  articles  ;   maniacal  in- 
cendiarism. 

Empresmomania  [em-pres-mo-ma' -ne-aK)  \h.u-xpi,r 
a  burning ;  /lavia,  madness].  Same  as  Empr, 
mania. 

Empresmus  (em-pres'-mus)  \_iu-prjop6r,  a  burning]. 
Inflammation  ;   phlogosis. 

Emprosthotonia  \, »i  pros-thot-o'-ne-ah).  Same  as 
Emprosth  otonos. 

Emprosthotonos  [em-pros-thof '-o-nu  .  for- 

ward ;  rrfvoc,  tension].  Tonic  muscular  spasm  that 
bends  the  upper  and  lower  part-  of  the  body  for- 
ward ;  it  is  one  of  the  symptoms  in  some  cases  of 
tetanus,  etc. 

Emptysis  (emp1 '-tis-is)  [k/iirrifeaj,  to  spit  upon].  Hem- 
orrhage from  the  lungs;   hemoptysis. 

Empyema  (em-pi-e'  -mah  )  [/v,  in:  raw,  pus].  Pus  in 
the  pleural  cavity  or  in  the  chest.  It  may  be  primary, 
which  is  rare,  or  secondary.  There  is  associated  a 
hectic  type  of  fever,  with  chills  and  sweating.  If  not 
treated  it  will  rupture  spontaneously  through  the  lung 
or  chest-wall.      Empyema  is  most  frequently  encoun- 


EMPYEMA  fOUS 


422 


F.NCFPllAI.oMAl.U  1A 


tered  in  children,  but  may  occur  from  pleurisy,  tuber 
cul  tic  conditions,  and  infectious  fevers  in  any 

individual.     E.  necessitatis,  an  empyema  in  which 
the  pus  burrow:  n   the  interscostal  spaces  and 

E.,   Pulsating, 
tpyema  attended  with  puis  the  chest-wall. 

Empyematous  pus], 

i  m  ihe  nati  ted  with  empyema. 

Empyemic  •''•'■ 

Empyes;-  |  purate].     A 

pustulai  any  tli-  i  irac- 

terized  by  lually  tilling  with 

purulent  fluid. 
Empyocele  "  pus ;     >>//>-//, 

rum  •         \  purulei  l 
Empyomphalus  :    irbov,  pus; 

.;]       \  collection  of  pus  at  or  about  the 
11.1. 
Empyreumatic  it'-ik)    [  a,   a  live 

itained  from  some  organic 
i  of   strong  heat;  asanempyreu- 
■il. 
Emulger.-.  .    i"   milk   out].      I. 

Draining;  appli  renal  arteries  as  draining  nut 

the  uri'  .      \n  emulj  >el.      3.    Any  remedy 

that    stimulates   the  emunctory   organs.      E.   Veins. 
■;/. 
Emulsin  .  to  milk  out],  10 

II  \   ferment  contained  in  bit- 

ter almonds.      It  1-  also  called  Synaptase.     Its  union 
wil  lalin  forms  hydrocyanic  acid.     See  Amyg- 

Emalsio  1  1  I..  :    //.,    Emulsion  s\       See 

Emulsion  [emulsio,  emulsion].      Water 

r  liquid  in   which  oil,  in  minute  subdivision  of 
d.      Ihi-   U.  S.  P.  and  N.  F. 
lain  formulae  of  some  19  emu 
Emulsionize  [e-mulf -shun-tz)   [emulgere,  to  milk  out]. 
1  into  an  emulsion.       The  pancreatic  juice 
fats. 
Emulsive  1   -mul'-siv)  [emulgere,  to  milk  out].      Form- 
ing or  :  itering  into  an  emulsion. 
Emunctory    [e-munk1  \ungere,   to    blow    the 
•ut J.      1.    Excretory;   excreting  or  re- 
in-     .         te  matters   and    waste-products,     2.   Any 
•r  part  that  ha-  an  excretory  or  purifying  func- 
tion, as  the  liver,  kidneys,  bowel,  skin,  or  lungs. 
Emydin  |   m'-id-in)  [k/ivg,  the  fresh  water  tortoise].   A 
wh                  1  substance  procured   from  the  yolk  of  the 
turtles. 
Enamel               if-el)    [ME.,    enamaile,     enamel].     1. 
ace  of  the  crown  of  the  teeth.    See 
2.   A  vil             abstance  used  for  painting  on 
.  and  for  covering  metals  with  various 
kin                       11t.il   work.      It  is  composed  of  color- 

onsisl  of  metallic  oxids,  fluxi 
ritr  ilicates,  borates,  or  boro-sili- 

E.-blue.     See  Smalts. 

E.-cell  r,      E. -chisel,  a  dental  instru- 

1  1  hisel,  with  a  straight   or  oblique 

for  cutting  away  the  enamel  and  den- 

th.     E. -column,  E. -fiber,  E. -prism, 

'   the  mi:.  1  d  prisms 

osed.     E. -cuticle. 
E.-germ,  an  Ameloblast,  q.  v. 
Enanthema 

ruption  within  the 

Enanthematous  \:r,  in;    ,',,< 

mpanied 
by 


Enanthesis  [en-an' '-thesis)  [kv,  in  ;  avBeiv,  to  bloom]. 
I.  An  eruption  of  the  skin,  not  connected  with  an 
internal  disease,      2.    An  exanthematous  rash. 

Enanthylic  Acid  (en  an-thil'-ik).     See  Acid. 

Enantioblastous  (e-nan-te-o-blas^-tus)  [kvavriog,  oppo- 
;      wnn-.n  ,  germ].      In    biology,  applied    to   the 
embryo  of  orthotropous  seeds  when  placed  at  the  end 
opposite  the  hilum. 

Enantiomorphous  [en  an  te-o-mot^-/us)[evavriog,appo- 
siti  .form].     Similar  but  contrasted  or  reversed 

in  form.     Thus  the  two  hand-  are  enantiomorphous. 

Enarthrodia  (en-ar-thro' -de-ah).     See  Enarthrosis. 

Enarthrodial  [en-ar-thro' '-de-al)  [kv,  in;  ipfipov,  a 
joint].      Having  the  character  of  an  enarthrosis. 

Enarthrosis  [en-ar-thro' -sis)  [kv,  in  ;  &p6pov,  joint]. 
A  ball  and-socket  joint,  like  that  of  the  hip;  a  variety 
1  >i  diarthrosis.      See  Diarthn 

Enation  (e-na'-shuti)  [enasci,  to  be  born].      In  biology, 
having  outgrowths  resulting  from  excessive  develop 
ment.       In  ethnology,  maternal  relationship. 

Encanthis  [en-kan* -this)  [kv,  in;  K&vdog,  canthus]. 
A  reddish-colored  morbid  growth  in  the  inner  canthus 
of  the  eye. 

Encapsulation  (en-kap-su-laf -shun)  [en,  in  ;  capsula, 
a  capsule].  Fixation  as  in  a  capsule ;  the  absorption 
of  a  bacillus  in  a  giant  cell  ;  the  enclosure  oi  a  for- 
eign body  in  a  tough  sheath. 

Enceinte  (on(gysantf)  [Fr. ,  incincta,  girdled].  With 
child  ;    pregnant. 

Encephal  [en-sef  r-al).     Same  as  Encephalon,  </.  v. 

Encephalalgia  (,-n-st'f-al-al'-je-ah)  [>';/,.  o,;/,h,  the 
brain;   aXyog,  pain].      Pain  in  the  head. 

Encephalatrophic  |  en-sef  al-at-rbff-ik\  [kytcitpaXog, 
brain;   arpoqiia,  wasting].      Relating  to  Drain-atrophy. 

Encephalic  [en-sef-al' '-ik)  [/;/»' <»//,» ,  the  brain].  Per- 
taining to  the  encephalon. 

Encephalin  (en-sef '-al-in)  [kyKkQdhoq,  the  brain].  A 
nitrogenous  glucosid  extracted  from  brain-tissue. 

Encephalion  (en-sef-a'  -le-on)  [dim.  of  iyKE<baAoq ,  the 
brain].       The  cerebellum. 

Encephalitic  (en-sef-al-if '-ik)  [fy/c^a/lor,  the  brain ; 
trie,  inflammation].  Relating  to  or  affected  with  en- 
cephalitis. 

Encephalitis  (en-sefal-i' '-tis)  [ey/el^aAoc,  brain;  inrr 
inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the  encephalon ; 
brain-fever. 

Encephalocele  ( cn-scf'-al-o-sel )  [kytciipaXog,  brain; 
>>','/ r/,  tumor].  A  hernia  of  the  brain  through  a 
cranial   fissure. 

Encephaloccele  (en-sef '-al-o-sU)  [.>;/,  oa/or,  brain; 
i<or/ia,  hollow].      A  ventricle  of  the  brain. 

Encephalodialysis   |  il-o-di-alf-is-is)    [t 

brain;   Am'/  rrrir,  dissolution].      Softening  of  the  brain. 

Encephalodynia  (en-sef  al-o-din' -e-ah )  [kytckipaXog, 
brain  ;  bSvvt],  pain].     Same  as  Encephalalgia. 

Encephaloid   [en  tef'-al-oid)  [kyKktyihog,  brain;   1 
like],       1.    Resembling   brain-tissue.      2.   Soft   carci- 
noma.     See  ( arcinoma. 

Encephalolith     (en-sef ' -al-o-lith)     [  ,     brain; 

'/iih,<.  -tone].     A  calculus  of  the  brain  ;    a  brain-stone. 

Encephalolithiasis  (en-sef  al-o-lith-V  -as-is)  [kyici  <»//<»  , 
brain;  '     formation  of  calculi].     The  form- 

1  of  brain-stones. 

Encephalology    (  n  •ef-al-ol'-o-j  >    [kynk<pahoct    brain; 
cience].      The  anatomy,  physiology,  and  path- 
ology of  the  brain. 

Encephaloma  (-  t  ,         paAoc,  brain;  dfia, 

tumor:  /•/.,  Encephalomata\     1     Tumor  of  the  brain  ; 
hen  ebri.     2.   Encephaloid  carcinoma. 

Encephalomalacia  [en  tef-al-o-mal-a' '-se-ah)  [h/Kf<t>a- 
'/'!,,  brain;  iia'/aKia,  softening].  Softening  of  the 
brain  substance. 


I  \<  EPHALOMERE 


■IT, 


ENDEXOl  ERIC 


Encephalomere  {en-sef'-al-o-mir)  [.  m-.. >„,'/<„  ,  brain; 
pi  pug,  share ].      Any  one  of  the  ion  ol   natural 

segments  of  axial  parts  into  which  the  brain  is  divis- 
ible. 
Encephalometer  (en-sef-al-om'  et  ■  ■  )  [eyjce^aAoc,  brain; 
fdrpov,  measure].      An  instrument    tor  measuring  tin- 
cranium  and  locating  certain  brain-n 
Encephalo-myelopathy  F,-al-o-mi-el-op/-a/h-e) 

[eynitpatog,  brain;  uveXdg,  marrow;  ir&dog,  disease]. 
Any  disease  that  is  both  an  encephalopathy  and  a  my- 
elopathy; any  cerebrospinal  disease. 

Encephalon  \en-sef/ -al-on)  [iv,  in;  k  un/i, ,  the  head]. 
The  contents  of  the  cranium.      The  brain. 

Encephalonarcosis  {en-sef-al-o-nar-ko/-sis)  [/_/,  ..e/.„ . 
brain;  vapnoeiv ,  to  benumb].  Stupor  from  some 
brain-lesion. 

Encephaloncus  [en-sef-al-ong'  kits)  [.■'; /nifahog,  brain; 
byiaog,  a  tumor].      See  Encephalophyma. 

Encephalopathy  {en-sef-al-op1 '-a/h-e)  [kytd^alog,  brain  ; 
rrddog,  disease].     Any  disease  of  the  brain. 

Encephalophyma  (  en-sef-al-o-fi' '-mah  )  [ . ,  Ke<j>aXog, 
brain;  <pvpa,  a  growth].      A  tumor  of  the  brain. 

Encephalorrhagia  (en-sef-al-or-a'-je-ak)  [kytciQaXog, 
brain  ;  /<//;  virvai,tO  break  forth].     Cerebral  hemorrhage. 

Encephalotome  {en-sef'-al-o/om)  [kytd^ahag,  brain; 
rofii],  section].  An  instrument  for  slicing  the  enceph- 
alon tor  examination  or  preservation. 

Encephalotomy  [en-sef-al-of '-o-me)  [kytd^aXog,  brain; 
rofjet),  section],  i.  The  anatomy  or  dissection  of  the 
brain  ;  surgical  incision  of  the  brain.  2.  Obstetric 
craniotomy. 

Enchondroma  [en-kon-dro/-mak)  [iv,  in;  ^<5vrfpoc,  car- 
tilage; bua,  tumor :  />/.,  Enchondromata].  1.  A  tu- 
mor arising  from  or  resembling  cartilage  in  texture, 
etc.;  chondroma.  2.  A  cartilaginous  growth  within  an 
organ  or  tissue. 

Enchondrosis  {en-kon-dro'-sis)  [kv,  within;  xdvdpoc, 
cartilage  :  pi. ,  Enckondroses~\.  An  outgrowth  of  cart- 
ilage from  an  osseous  or  cartilaginous  structure  ;  the 
process  by  which  an  enchondroma  is  developed. 

Enchylema  {en-ki-ler -mah)  [iv,  in;  %vX6g,  juice].  In 
biology,  the  basal  substance  of  a  cell-nucleus  (Kern- 
saft)  ;  it  is  a  hyaline,  fluid,  granular  substance,  con- 
taining the  other  nuclear  elements. 

Enchymatous  {en-kim'-at-us)  [kv,  in;  xElvi  to  pour]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  cells  that  are  distended  bv  in- 
fusion, as  glandular  epithelia. 

Enclave  [en-klar/,  on(gyklahv,)[Yr.'\.  Any  substance 
enclosed  within  a  foreign  tissue,  as  an  oil-globule  in  a 
cell ;  any  exclave  {q.  v.)  considered  in  relation  to  the 
part  that  surrounds  it. 

Enclavement  (on(g)-klahv/-mon(g)  )[Fr.].  Retention 
due  to  a  constriction  ;  impaction,  as  of  the  head  in 
the  pelvic  strait. 

Enclitic  (en-k/it'-ik)  [iyieXiTiKdg,  leaning  on].  Not 
synclitic. 

En  Clou  (on(g)-iloo/)  [Fr.].      See  Culture. 

Encoleosis  {en-ko-lc'-o-sis)  [kv,  in;  k67leos,  sheath]. 
Invagination. 

Encolpitis  {en-kol-pi' -/is)  [kv,  in;  Koz-nr,  vagina]. 
Mucous  vaginitis. 

Encraty  [en'-krat-e)  [c;  Kpaxtia,  mastery].  Self-control ; 
continence  or  strict  temperance. 

Encyclic,  Encyclical  {en-sik/-lik,en-sik,-lik-al)[kv,ii\ ; 
id ■k'/i>i -.  a  circle].  In  biology,  applied  to  flowers  having 
the  organs  arranged  with  an  equal  number  of  parts,  in 
alternate  whorls ;   isomerous. 

Encysted  [en-sist'-ed]  [kv,xa  ;  Kvorig,  a  bag].  Enclosed 
in  a  cyst,  or  capsule.  Aneurysms,  hernia.-,  or  tumors 
may  become  enevsted. 

Encystment  (en-sis? '-men/)  [kv,  in ;  Kvorig,  a  bag]. 
The  process  of  becoming  encysted. 


End  [ME.,  ende\.  The  terminal  point  of  a  thing.  E.- 
bud,  or  E.-bulb,  the  terminal  bulb  of  a  nerve  in  the 
skin.  E.-bulb  of  Krause.  Bee  Corpuscle.  E. -plate, 
the  expanded  terminal  of  a  motor  nerve  upon  a  bundle 
of  muscular  fibers.  E. -organ,  the  general  nam< 
the  terminal  organ  or  part  of  a  sensory  nerve-fiber,  of 
whatever  kind. 

Endangeitis   [end-an-je-i' '-/is)   [ivSov,  within  ; 

vessel;  vng,  inflammation].      Inflammation  of  the  en- 
dangium. 

Endangium,    or    Endangeion    (end-an'-je-um,     on) 
[lv&on>,   within  ;  vessel].      The  intima  or  in- 

most coat  of  a  blood  vessel.     See    Intima. 

Endanthem  [end-an' '-/hem)  [Mov,  within;  avdelv,  to 
bloom].      A  term  applied  to  a  mucous  exanthem. 

Endarteritis  {end-ar-/er-i> '-/is)  [kvSov,  within;  aprjjpia, 
artery;  trig,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the 
intima,  or  innermost  coat  of  an  artery.  The  mitt, 
form  is  ran-,  and  only  occurs  in  the  aorta  and  the 
larger  arteries.  Ulceration  is  very  rarely  present. 
The  chronic  form,  also  named  A/heroma,  and  Arteritis 
<rmans,  is  a  peculiar  change  or  degeneration  occur- 
ring in  the  arterial  coats  of  the  aged,  and  is  preceded 
by  a  fatty  degeneration  of  the  tissues  of  the  arteries. 
Syphilis  is  supposed  to  play  an  important  part  in  the 
production  oi  this  condition.  The  immediate  cause, 
however,  is  mechanical  irritation  due  to  the  force  of 
the  circulation.  The  fatty  debris  and  the  cholesterin  that 
are  formed  during  the  degenerative  process  accumulate 
in  spaces  beneath  the  intima  and  constitute  the  so- 
called  atheromatous  abscesses.  The  so-called  athero- 
matous ulcer  is  formed  by  one  of  these  abscesses  break- 
ing through  the  intima.  The  sequelae  of  a/heromat 
degeneration  are  very  grave.  Aneurysm,  thrombosis, 
embolism,  and  apoplexy  frequently  result,  and  hence, 
the  ultimate  prognosis  is  bad.  Arterio-capillary 
Fibrosis,  or  Arterio-sclerosis,  is  a  peculiar  change 
occurring  in  the  small  vessels  throughout  the  body. 
and  consisting  in  a  thickening  of  the  adventitia 
and  intima  by  a  deposit  of  a  hyaline-fibroid  material 
which  diminishes  the  caliber  of  the  vessels,  increases 
the  arterial  tension,  and  thus  gives  rise  to  the  hyper- 
trophy of  the  heart  that  is  present  in  this  condition. 

Endeictic  ien-dik'-tik)  [kv,  in;  deucvvvai,  to  show]. 
Symptomatic  ;   serving  as  an  indication. 

Endeixis  [en-dtks/ -is)  [evdeigig,  a  pointing  out].  A 
symptom,  sign,  or  indication. 

Endemann  and  Prochazka's  Test.     See  Tests. 

Endemic  [en-dem/-ik)  [kv,  in;  <h'/i/oc,  a  people].  A 
term  applied  to  diseases  that  exist  among  small  num- 
bers of  persons  or  within  a  limited  area.  An  endemic 
disease  may  or  may  not  become  epidemic  ;  it  is  in 
general  due  to  some  local  cause.     E.  Colic.     See  Colic. 

Endemicity,  or  Endemism  [en-dem-isr -it  e,  or  enf-dem- 
izm)  [kr  in;  Af/uog,  a  people].  The  quality  of  being 
endemic. 

Endemiology  {en-dem-e-oV -o-je)  [kv,  in;  drjftog,  a  peo- 
ple ;  "Mryog,  science].     The  science  of-endemic  diseases. 

Endepidermis  (end-ep-e-der' '-mis)  [evdog  within  ;  -  . 
upon;  dip/ia,  the  skin].  The  inner  layer  of  the  epi- 
dermis. 

Endermatic  {en-der-matf -ik)  [kv,  in  ;  dippa,  the  skin]. 
Within  the  skin.  Pertaining  to  a  method  of  a  Iminis- 
tering  medicines  through  the  skin,  by  rubbing,  etc. 

Endermic  (en-der/-mi&).      Same  as  Endermatic 

Enderon  (enf-der-on)  [kv,  in;  Sipog,  skin].  The  true 
skin  or  derm,  together  with  the  non-epithelial  portion 
of  the  mucous  membrane. 

Enderonic  [en-der-ont -ik)  [kv,  in  :  n].       Per- 

taining to  or  of  the  nature  of  the  enderon. 

Endexoteric  o-ter'-ik) [kv8m>, within ;  kt-urepucdg, 

outer].      Due  both  to  internal  and  external  causes. 


1  NDO 


124 


ENDOCHORION 


Endo-       .  .  within].     A  prefix,  meaning 

within. 
Endo-arterit- 
Endo-auscultation 

within  ;  '  •]        \    method     "I 

auscullation  devised  by  Bianchi  bj  using  the  ordinary 

1 1 1 1 « >  the  stomach,  i"  auscult 
tin  and  through  them,  rtain 

the  beart  and  lui 
Endoblast  within;     J/uaz 

ell-nucli  5i  e  hypo- 

Endoblastic  within  ; 

nn].      Relating  to  the  endobl 
Endocardiac,    Endocardial 

within  ;  .  the  heart].      Re- 

tail irdium;   situated  within  the  heart. 

Endocarditis  .within;  nap 

the  heart].     Pertaining  to  or   affected  with   endocar- 
dil 
Endocarditis  \ar-di'-t  .  within ;  tea 

the  heart;   trig,  inflammation].      Inflammation  of  the 
i  iium  or  lining  membrane  of  the  heart.      Acute 
umatism  is  the  most  frequent  cause,  though  pneu- 
monia,  i   any  infectious  disease  may  precede, 

.ire   nearly  always  the   parts   affected,  and 
usually  the  left  heart.     The  disease  is  prone 

terminate  fatally  or  result  in  permanent  injury  to 
the  valves.  Fibrinous  deposits  or  vegetations  project 
into  the  cavity  of  the  heart;  the  thickened  endocar- 
dium is  liable  to  become  ath  XQmatous,  with  chronic 
ulcerat:  adocarditis  may  be  divided    into 

Chronic  endocarditis  includes 
chronic  disease  of  the  valves  of  the  heart.  There  is  a 
fibrous  or  cirrhotic  thickening  of  the  latter,  associated 
with  contraction  and  calcification.  Usually  this 
chronic  disease,  like  the  acute,  is  confined  to  the  left 
heart,  and  it  is  generally  rheumatic  in  origin.  E., 
Malignant  or  Ulcerative.     Also  called  diphtheric, 

irditis.     A    rapidly    fatal 

•ii.    [t  is  marked  by  high  fever, 

chills,  and  profound  prostration.      This  is  followed  by 

the  i  murmur,  purpuric  skin-eruptions, 

hematuria,  delirium,  convulsions,  hemiplegia,  enlarge- 

leen,   the    typhoid    state,   and   death. 

i  be  found.      Ulcerations  are 

found  around  and  in   the   valves,  and   in   these  ulcers 

mi-  ■   in  large  quantities.     E. 

polyposa,  a  form  of  ulcerative  endocarditis  in  which 

.nin.  producing  poly- 

E.  pustulosa,  a  form  of  ulcerative  en- 

n   which    minute    absi  '-cur    in    the 

E.,   Simple,   the  ordinary 

•  .minis  usually  associated  with  a 

»»|'  .urmur.     E.,  Chronic,  associated  with 

1  he   following  form-  are  met  with: 

i  2.  Aortic  uc- 

4.    Mitral    Stenosis: 

nary  Stenosis 

•   Incontf.  s.    />-/- 

Aortic 

Incompetence  |   by  a    retraction  of   the 

become   rigid  and 
orta   i-  not    shut  off  i 

the 

.ilv.     A 
mui  !       This 

5ud- 
<■     more 
than  in  ai  valvular  The 

i  or  watei  hammi 
Aortic  Stenosis  or  Obstruction  is  due  I 


ami  curling, with  calcification  of  the  valves.  1  In-  usually 
occurs  in  the  aged.  A  systolic  murmur  is  produced, 
accompanied  in  the  late  stages  of  the  disease  1>\  a 
tendency   to  syncope,   giddiness,   and   anemia.     The 

pulse  i-  slow  and  -mall,  but  regular.  Mitral  Incom- 
petence, the  most  frequent  of  all  valvular  lesion-,  i- 
due  to  curling  of  the  valve-cusps  oi  to  shortening  ol 
the  chordae  tendinese.  linn-  is  usually  produced  an 
immense  hypertrophy  of  the  wall-  of  the  ventrid 
Late  in  the  disease  compensation  fail-  and  general 
edema  ensues.  Dyspnea  i-  a  frequent  symptom, 
associated  with  cyanosis  and  albuminuria.  The  mur- 
mur i-  systolic  in  time  ;  the  pul-e  is  normal  during  the 
staged  compensation,  alter  ward  small  and  irregular. 
This  is  a  common  form  among  children.  Mitral 
Stenosis,  due  to  fibrous  thickening  and  contraction 
of  the  mitral  CUSpS.  I  he  opening  may  be  reduced  to 
a  mere  fissure.  If  due  to  a  thickening  and  shortening 
of  the  chords  tendinese  the  thickened  and  adherent 
valves  are  drawn  in  a  funnel-shape  toward  the  floor 
of  the  ventricle.  Mitral  stenosis  usually  occurs  in 
women.  A  presystolic  murmur  is  produced,  associ- 
ated with  duplication  of  the  second  sound.  Pul- 
monary Incompetence,  the  rarest  of  valvular 
diseases,  may  be  due  to  congenital  abnormalities,  or 
may  follow  some  diseased  condition,  as  malignant 
endocarditis.  The  murmur  is  diastolic  in  time.  Pul- 
monary Stenosis  or  Obstruction,  usually  congenital, 
is  due  to  fetal  heart-disease.  The  patients  usually  die 
before  they  are  ten  or  twelve  years  old.  A  systolic  mur- 
mur is  produced.  Tricuspid  Incompetence  is  due  to 
endocarditis  or  to  dilatation  of  the  right  ventricle  and 
tricuspid  orifice.  Compensation  is  never  adequate,  and 
hence  venous  stasis,  cyanosis,  and  dropsy  soon  follow. 
A  systolic  murmur  is  produced.  Tricuspid  Sten- 
osis is  a  rare  condition  and  usually  secondary  to  mitral 
stenosis.  It  is  marked  by  a  presystolic  murmur.  Com- 
bined Valvular  Disease  ;  frequently  two  of  the  fore- 
going murmurs  may  coexist.  The  most  usual  combi- 
nations are  as  follows:  I.  Aortic  obstruction  and 
regurgitation;  2.  Mitral  obstruction  and  regurgitation  ; 
3.  Mitral  obstruction  and  tricuspid  regurgitation  ;  4. 
Aortic  obstruction  and  mitral  regurgitation;  5. 
Double  valvular  disease  at  aortic  and  mitral  orifices 
(four  murmurs).  E.  ulcerosa,  the  ulcerative  form  of 
endocarditis.  E.  verrucosa,  a  form  of  endocarditis 
characterized  by  the  production  of  endocardial  vegeta- 
tions situated  mostly  upon  the  curtains  of  the  cardiac 
valves.  It  is  seen  Usually  upon  the  left  side  of  the 
heart. 

Endocardium  (  en-do  kar' -de-um  \  [tvAor,  within; 
napdia,  the  heart].  The  colorless,  transparent  mem- 
brane lining   the  interior  of  tile  heart. 

Endocarp  (en' '-do-Harp)  [ivdov,  within;  Kapndq,  fruit]. 
In  biology,  the  inner  hard  and  stony  membranous  or 
fleshy  layer  of  a  pericarp;   e.g.,  the  -tone  of  a  peach. 

Endocarpoid  [en-do-kar' '-poid).  In  biology,  applied  to 
lichen- that  have  the  apothecia  immersed  in  the  thallus. 

Endocelarium  [en-do-se-ta'-re-um)  [  evdov,  within; 
KOtXia,  the  belly].  In  biology,  the  visceral  epithelium 
of  the  body-cavity.  ■ 

Endocervical  {en-do-serf-vik-al  1  \ivfiov,  within  ;  cervix, 
neck].      Relating   to  the  inside   of  the  uterine  cervix. 

Endocervicitis  [en-do-ser-vis-i'-tis  )  [2v(W,  within; 
cervix,  neck;  trie,  inflammation].  Inflammation 
within  the  canal  of  the  cervix  uteri. 

Endochondral      1  en-do-ion'-dra/)     [tvfiov,      within; 
.   cartilage].      Situated    or   occurring    within   a 
cartilage. 

Endochorion  {en-do-ko* -re-ori)  [evdov,  within;  %6piov, 
the  chorion].  The  inner  chorion ;  the  vascular  layer 
of  the  allantois. 


ENDOCHORIONIC 


u:> 


ENDONEURIAL 


Endochorionic  [en-do-ko-re-on'-ik)  [ivdov,  within; 
xoptov,  the  chonon].      Relating  to  the  endochorion. 

Endochrome  [en*  •do-kroni)  [ivdov,  within;  [\pupa, 
color].  In  biology,  the  coloring  matter,  other  than 
green,  df  the  endoplasm  of  a  cell,  or  that  of  diatoms 
or  (it   Sowers. 

Endochylema  [en-do-ki' -Um-ak)  [ivdov,  within;  ,('/«<, 
juice].  In  biology,  the  semi-fluid  substance  tilling 
the  protoplasmic  reticulum  of  a  cell. 

Endochyme  [en'  do  kim)  [ivdov,  within;  \V(i6c, juice]. 
In  biology,  the  formative  cell-sap  elaborated  from  the 
chyme. 

Endoclinal    [en-do-ili'-nal)    [ivdov,    within;  k'/< 
to  lean].      In  biology,    having    the  clinode,  an    organ 
analogous  to  the  hymenium,  inclosed  in  a  concept.) 

Endocolpitis  [en-do- kol-pi' -tW)  [ivdov,  within ;  wHkitoc, 
vagina].      Same  as  Encolpitis. 

Endocone  [en'-do-kon)  [ivdov,  within;  kuvoc,  cone]. 
In  biology,  one  of  the  internal  cones  formed  by  the 
siphon-sheaths  in  certain  cephalopods. 

Endocranitis  [en-do-kra-ni' -tis)  [ivdov,  within;  tcpaviov, 
the  skull  ;  ir/r,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the 
endocranium  ;    pachymeningitis  externa. 

Endocranium  [en-do-ira'-ne-um)  [ivdov,  within; 
Kpaviov,  the  skull].  That  part  of  the  cerebral  dura 
that  adheres  to  the  inner  surface  of  the  cranial  bones. 
One  of  the  processes  projecting  into  the  cephalic  cav- 
ity, as  the  tentorium  or  cephalophragma. 

Endocyemate  [en-do-si'  -em-dt)  [ivdov,  within  ;  nbrjpa, 
an  embryo].  In  embryology,  applied  to  that  form  of 
development  in  which  the  embryo  is  invaginated  in  a 
fold  of  the  blastodermic  membrane,  an  amnion  being 
formed ;   the  opposite  of  Epicyemate. 

Endocyesis  i  en-do-si-e1 'sis)  [ivdov,  within;  kveiv,  to 
conceive:  //. ,  Endocyeses~\.  In  biology,  the  process 
that  gives  rise  to  an  endocyemate  embryo. 

Endocyma  [en-do-si' -mah)  [ivdov,  within;  KVfia,  a  fe- 
tus]. A  form  of  double  monstrosity  in  which  the 
parasite  is  contained   within   the  body  of  the  autosite. 

Endocyst  [en' -do-sis f)  [ivdov,  within;  kvotic,  bladder]. 
In  biology,  the  endoderm  or  inner  layer  of  the 
cenecium  or  common  dermal  system  of  a  colony  of 
Polyzoa.      See  Ectocyst. 

Endoderm  {en' -do-derm)  [ivdov,  within  ;  depfia,  skin]. 
In  biology,  the  simple  nutritive  cell-layer  lining  the 
cavity  of  the  primitive  intestine,  the  enteron,  and  its 
modifications  or  derivatives.  The  vegetative  germi- 
nal layer.      See  Blastoderm. 

Endodermis  [en-do-der'  -mis)  [jv^ov.  within;  depua, 
skin].  In  biology,  the  layer  of  cells  surrounding  a 
fibro-vascular  cylinder. 

Endodontitis  [en-do-don- ft' -tis)  [ivdov,  within  ;  bdovc,  a 
tooth;  irtc,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the 
lining  membrane  of  a  tooth. 

Endogastritis  [en-do-gas-tri'-tis)  [ivdov,  within;  }aoTTjp, 
stomach;  trig,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach. 

Endogen  [en'-do-jen)  [ivdov,  within;  yevvav,  to  pro- 
duce]. A  plant,  the  growth  of  which  is  by  means 
of  new  matter  deposited  in  the  interior  of  the  trunk 
or  branch.  A  member  of  one  of  the  great  primary 
classes  of  flowering-plants;  a  monocotyledon.  See 
Exogen . 

Endogenous  [en-doj* '-en-us  [ivdov,  within;  yevyc,  pro- 
ducing]. In  biology,  applied  to  the  stems  of  mono- 
cotyledons and  their  manner  of  growth  ;  also  to  spore- 
formation  or  cell-formation  inside  of  a  parent-cell. 

Endognathal  [en-dog* -na-thal)  [ivdov,  within;  yvc 
jaw].     In  biology,  applied  to  the  pulpiform  appenda- 
ges formed  by  the  modification   of  the  three  terminal 
joints  of  the   third  thoracic  limb  in  certain  crustace- 
ans. 


Endognathion  [end-og  na'-tke-ori)  [ivdov,  within ; 
Boc,  jaw].     The  middle  portion  of  the  superior  maxilla. 

Endogonium  [er,  ne-uni)   [ivdov,   within; 

d].  In  biology,  a  gonidium  formed  inside  of  a  re- 
ceptacle or  parent  cell,  as  in  the  Saprolegniece ,  Muco- 
>  ini ,   I  aucheria. 

Endo-laryngeal    i  en  do  lar  in'-je-al  i    [  vdm  ,    within  ; 
Xapvyij,  the  larynx].      Within  the  larynx.      E.  Opera 
tions,  operations  performed  within  the  larynx. 

Endolemma  [en-do- lem* -ah)  [ivdov,  within;  tefi/ia, 
husk].      Same  a-.  Neurilemma. 

Endolymph  [en'-do-limf)  [ivdov,  within;  lympha, 
water].  The  fluid  of  the  membranous  labyrinth  ol 
the  ear. 

Endolymphangeal  [en-do-lim-fan' -je-al)  [in^n-,  with- 
in ;  lympha,  lymph;  ayyelov,  vessel].  Situated  or 
belonging  within  a  lymph  vessel;  as  an  endolym- 
phangeal nodule. 

Endolymphic      n    io-lim'-fik)  [ivdov,  within;   lympha, 
lymph].       Relating    to    or    of    the    nature    of    en 
lymph. 

Endomersion  [en-do-mer'-shun).     See  Objective. 

Endomesoderm  [en-do-me'-so-derm)  [ivdov,  within; 
peoor,  middle  ;  drpua,  skin].  In  biology,  a] i] .lied  to 
two  cells  that  appear  on  the  side  of  the  blastopore  in 
the  embryos  of  molluscs  and  annelids,  giving  ri^e  by  di- 
vision to  the  two  primitive  mesoderm  cells,  and  to  a 
portion  of  the  lining  of  the  mesenteron. 

Endometrial  [en  do  me'-tre-al)  [ivdov,  within;  pJjrpa, 
the  womb].  Pertaining  to  the  endometrium;  situ- 
ated within  the  uterus. 

Endometritis  [en-do-me-tri' -tis)  [ivdov,  within;  u  - 
the  womb;  trig,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the  en- 
dometrium. E.,  Cervical,  of  the  cervical  portion.  It 
gives  rise  to  the  condition  known  as  erosion,  ulcer,: 
or  granular  degeneration  of  the  cervix ,  a  very  frequent 
condition.  There  is  leukorrhea,  pain  in  the  back,  and 
congestion  of  the  cervix  and  pelvic  viscera,  with  metror- 
rhagia or  menorrhagia,  or  both,  together  with  some 
failure  of  the  general  health.  This  condition  is  due 
to  traumatism,  usually  in  parturition.  E.,  Chronic 
Purulent,  occurs  in  old  women  and  is  marked  by  an 
accumulation  of  pus  in  the  uterine  cavity  with  a  pur- 
ulent leukorrhea.  E.,  Corporeal,  that  of  the  body 
of  the  uterus.  E.,  Decidual,  of  the  decidual  mem- 
brane of  the  impregnated  uterus.  It  may  be  diffuse 
(thickening  and  development  of  connective  tissue)  or 
polypoid  (with  polypoid  growths).  E.,  Fungous, 
that  in  which  the  lining  membrane  is  hypertrophied, 
with  the  formation  of  vascular  granulations.  This  is 
also  called  hemorrhagic  endometritis.  E.,  Hemor- 
rhagic.    See  E. ,  Fungous. 

Endometrium  [en-do-me' -tre-um )  [ivdov,  within ;  u    r 
uterus].      The  lining  membrane  of  the  uterus. 

Endometry     [en-dom'-et  r<      [ivdov,    within;    ph 
measure].      The    measurement  of  the  interior  of  an 
organ  or  cavity,  as  of  the  cranium. 

Endomyocarditis  [en-do-mi-o-kar-di' -tis)  [ivdov,  with- 
in ;  pvc,  muscle:  Kapdia,  heart;  trie,  inflammation]. 
Inflammation  of  both  endocardium  and  myocardium. 

Endomysial  [en-do-miz' -e-al)  [ivdov,  within;  uvc,  mus- 
cle].     Pertaining  to  or  of  the  nature  of  endomysium. 

Endomysium   [en-do-miz' -e-um)   [ivdov,    within; 
muscle].     The  extension  of  the  perimysium  between 
the  muscular  fibers. 

Endonephritis  [en-do-n  'f-ri'-tis)  [ivdov,  within  ;  ve<ppoc, 
kidney;   trie,  inflammation].      Synonym  of  Pyelitis. 

Endoneural  nu'-ral)     [ivdov,    within: 

nerve].      Relating  to  or  -ituated  within  the  interior  of 
a  nerve. 

Endoneurial  [en-do-nu'-re-al)  [ivdov,  within  ;  vevpm;  a 
nerve].      Relating  to  the  endoneurium. 


I  M"  >\l  I  Uir.M 


4-26 


1  NDOSTOMA 


Endoneurium 
a  nerve].     The  delicate  tissue  holding  to- 

i  bundle  ol  nen 

Endoparasite 

ite )        V.i  ■.in  >>r  internal    parasite  ; 

Endoparasitic  .within;  n 

the  natun  site. 

EnJopatagium  •    within  ; 

a    woman  s    gown].       In 
i    th>-    w  ing  membrane    of   a  bat 
lyii  .  amerus,  the  low<  i 

.  downward  from 
ting  the  free   margin  of  the 

Endopathic  •  ithin  ;  TraHtoc,  dis- 

till hi  disi  ase  from  condi- 
ir-  mi  without.      See  Exo- 

EnJopericarditis  dif-tis) [ivdov, within  ; 

.irt ;    trig,    inflammation]. 
indium  ami  pericardium. 
Endoperimyocarditis  t-kar-di'-tis) 

within;    rrepi,   around;   (/if,   muscle;    icapi 

mmation].      Inflammation  of  endocar- 
dia irdium,  and  myocardium. 
Endoperineuritis  nu-ri'-t  v,  within; 

.   inflammation]. 
:  both  endoneurium  and  perineurium. 
Endophlebitis  .within;     o>    l  , 

nflammation].     Inflammation  of  the  inner 
in  i>r  veins. 
Endophleum  uni)    [ivdov,  within  ; 

].      In  biology,  the  liber,  ur  inner  bark  ;   hast. 
Endophragm      •  ov,  within;     fpdy/ia,  a 

n].        In    biology,    a    partition    formed  by  the 
chitinou  Ling   inward    from    the    lateral 

ill  of  the  an. 

Endophyllous  .   within  ;    tpv'/'/.m •, 

if].      In  1  within  a  sheath,  as  the 

■  .  ledons. 
Endophyte  i  ,  within  ;  ovrdv,  a  plant]. 

Endophytou  [ivdov,   within;   ovrov,   a 

In  biology,   applied   to  the  larvae  of  certain 

into  the  stems  and  roots  of  plants 

Enioplasm  I         .  ,  within  ;    -'/nana,   a 

thi  I].      In   biology,  the    inner  granular   pro- 

r  of  a  histologic  cell. 
Endoplast  within  ;      -'/<;.- 

|.      In   biology,  the  nuclear  body  of  a  proto 

is  of  a  histoli 

:  . 

Endoplastul'  vdav,  within  ;  irXaor6g, 

]•      I"  I  dl  oval  or  rounded  body, 

endoplast  of  a  protozoan  ; 

i  histologic  cell. 

Endopleura  [ivdov,  within;  r/>; 

rib:    pi.,    i  In    biology,    the    delicate 

Endopleurit'  within  ;    -'/ 

<>f  the  lateral   apodemal  par- 
titi  K  ra]  mi  mbrane  cm 

Endopodite  .  within;  foot], 

fn  the 

•  d    it    COI 

gion  an  am- 
bulator)  '.-•■: 

Endopn;  thin;    kt'ujov,  feather, 


Endorhizal  (ett-do-ri'-za/)  [ivdov,  within  ;  pl£a,  runt]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  monocotyledonous  embryos  hav- 
ing tin-  radicle  enclosed  within  a  sheath. 

Endosalpingitis  [en-do-sal-pin-ji'-iis)  [ivdov,  within; 
an/-r;,  trumpet,  tube;  trig,  inflammation].  Inflam- 
mation of  the  lining  membrane  of  a   fallopian  tube. 

Endosarc  (en'-do-sari)  [ivdov,  within ;  oapj;,  flesh].  In 
biology,  the  inner  protoplasm  o(  a  protozoan-;  also  ap- 
plied by  Ilincks  to  a  tissue  derived  from  the  endocyst 
(the  inner  layer  of  tlie  common  dermal  system  ol  a 
colony  of  Polyzoa),  and  composed,  for  tie   most  part, 

of  fusiform    cells,  constituting  the  connection  between 

the  polypides. 

Endoscope  [en'-do-skdp)  [t  v6ov,  within  ;  ano-tiv,  to  ob- 
serve].  An  instrument  for  the  examination  of  a  body- 
cavity  through  it-  natural  outlet. 

Endoscopy  (en-dos' '-ko-pe\  [ivdov,  within;  OKoneiv, 
to  observe].  The  practice  or  process  "I  using  the 
endoscope.  The  examination  of  cavities  or  organs 
within  the  body  by  means  of  an  endoscope. 

Endosiphon  [en  do-si' '-fun)  [ivdov,  within;  aityuv,  a 
tube].       In  biology,  the  inner  siphon  of  a  cephalopod. 

Endoskeleton  [en-do-skeV -et-un\  [ivdov,  within; 
OKt'/eTov,  a  dry  body].  In  biology,  as  distinguished 
from  exoskeleton,  applied  to  the  internal  skeletal 
structures  of  any  animal,  whether  they  are  bony,  car- 
tilaginous, chitinous,  calcareous,  or  silicious,  if  covered 
by  flesh  and  integument. 

Endosmometer  (en-dos-mom' '-et-er)  [ivdov,  within; 
La  tint ;,  a  thrusting;  ukrpov,  a  measure].  An  instru- 
ment for  measuring  endosmosis. 

Endosmose  (en'-dos-mos).     Same  as  Endosmosis. 

Endosmosis  (en-dos-mo1 '-sis)  [ivdov,  within;  Latmr, 
impulsion].  The  passage  of  a  liquid  from  without  in- 
ward, through  a  porous  septum  or  diaphragm  ;  inward 
osmosis.      See  Osmosis.      E.,  Electric,  cataphoresi-. 

Endosmotic  (en-dos-mof '-ik)  [ivdov,  within ;  «<x//«< .  a 
thrusting].  Pertaining  to  endosmosis.  E.  Equiva- 
lent, the  weight  of  distilled  water  that  passes  into  the 
flask  of  the  endosmometer  in  exchange  for  a  known 
weight  of  the  soluble  substance.  This,  e.g.,  for  salt 
is  4.3  ;    for  sugar  7.1. 

Endosome  [en' '-do-sdm)  [ivdov,  within  ;  oLna,  body]. 
In  biology,  the  inner  layer  of  the  body  of  a  sponge, 
developed  from  the  endoderm  and  associated  meso- 
derm. 

Endosperm  (en' -do-sperm)  [ivdov,  within;  anepfiai 
seed].      In  biology,  the  albumin  of  a  seed. 

Endospore  (en'  /  tot  1  [ivdov,  within;  andpoQ,  seed]. 
In  biology.  (1)  a  bacterium-spore  formed  by  free  cell 
formation,  as  distinguished  from  an  arthrospore  ;  (2) 
the  inner  coat  of  a  spore. 

Endosteal  (end-os/-te-al)  [ivdov,  within;  borkov,  a 
bone].      Relating  to  endosteum. 

Endosteitis   [end-os-te-i'-tis)    [i  vdov,  within  ;   borkov,  a 
bone;  tnr.  inflammation].    Inflammation  oftheendos 
teum. 

Endosternite  [en  do-ster* -riit)  [ivdov,  within;  aripmv. 
the  breast-bone].  In  biology,  a  sternal  piece  of  the 
endothorax  developed  to  support  a  series  of  muscles  in 
various  arthropods. 

Endosteum  [end-os'-te-um)  [ivdov,  within;  borkov, 
bone].  The  vascular  membranous  layer  of  connective 
dssue  lining  the  medullary  cavity  of  bones  ;  the  inter- 
nal periosteum. 

Endostoma  (en-dos* -to-mah)  [ivdov,  within;  ordpa,  the 
mouth:  //..  Endostomata\.  In  biology,  a  structure 
found  in  certain  crustaceans  behind  and  giving  support 
to  the  labrum. 

Endostoma  (end-os-to/-mah)  [ivdov,  within:  borkov, 
bone  :  pi.,  Endostomata].  A  bony  tumor  within  a  bone, 
or  in  a  cavity  surrounded  by  bone. 


KXDOST"  >ME 


427 


ENNEANDER 


Endostome  [en' '-do-stdm)  [;v\nv,  within;  trrd/xa,  the 
mouth].  In  biology,  the  orifice  of  the  inner  coat  of 
an  ovule. 

Endostosis    (end-os-to* -sis)     \h)6ov ,    within;    ben 
bone  :  //. ,  Ettdostoses~\.     Ossification  of  a  cartilage. 

Endostracum  [en-dos' '-trak-uni)  \h>6ov,  within ;  barpa- 
kov,  shell].  In  biology,  the  inner  layer  of  the  exo- 
skeleton  of  a  crustacean. 

Endostyle  \<  >i'  ■'■  .///)  [ivdov,  within  ;  arvXog,  a  col- 
umn]. In  biology,  an  organ  for  the  secretion  of 
mucus,  forming  the  ventral  edge  oi  the  branchial  sac, 
and  extending  from  the  peripharyngeal  bands  ante- 
riorly to  the  posterior  end  of  the  sac  of  Ascidians  ;  it 
is  also  called  the  hypobranckial groove. 

Endotheca  {en-do-the* -kah)  \iv6ai>,  within;  "///>•/,  a 
case:  //. ,  Endothecai].  In  biology,  the  inner  layer  of 
the  lining  investment  of  the  visceral  chamber  of  a  coral. 

Endothecium  (en-do-the'-se-um)  [IvrJov,  within;  »/,/■'/. 
a  case].  In  biology,  the  tapetum  or  inner  lining  of  an 
anther-cell. 

Endothelial  (en-do-the/-/e-al)  [tvSov,  within;  "//>//, 
nipple].      Pertaining  to  endothelium. 

Endothelioid  (en-do-the'-le-oid)  \Jv6ov,  within;  ".7/7, 
a  nipple  ;   eM-'f,  form].      Resembling  endothelium. 

Endothelio-inoma  [en-do-thef -le-o-in-o' -mah)  [b>6ovt 
within;  ">/>'/.  a  nipple;  iq,  a  fiber;  bpa,  a  tumor: 
/>/. ,  Endothelio-inomata\.  A  malignant  inoma  or 
til  Hi  una  of  endothelial  origin. 

Endothelioleiomyoma  (en-do-the'-le-o-li-o-mi-o'-mah) 
[b/6av,  within;  (hfkr],  nipple;  /trior,  smooth;  fivg, 
muscle;  bua,  tumor:  //. ,  EndothelioleiomyomataX. 
Endothelial  and  malignant  leiomyoma;   myosarcoma. 

Endothelioma  [en-do-the-le-o1 '-mah)  [ivSov,  within; 
th/'/i/,  a  nipple  ;  bpa,  a  tumor  :  pi. ,  Endothelioma ta~\.  A 
tumor  of  the  endothelium,  usually,  if  not  always,  a 
sarcoma  or  malignant  growth. 

Endotheliomyxoma  [en-do-the' '-le-o-miks-o' '-mah)  \i v- 
6ov,  within  ;  fir/'/ 7,  nipple  ;  u'v^a,  mucus  ;  bua,  a  tumor  : 
//. ,  EndotheliomyxomatdX.  Endothelial  and  malignant 
myxoma. 

Endotheliorhabdomyoma(c«--/(7-/'//t'/-/t-rt-r-z^-(/rt-w/-(5/- 
mah)  [ivSov,  within;  firyi/,  nipple;  pa/Jdog,  a  rod; 
ftvg,  muscle;  bua,  a.  tumor:  //. ,  Endotheliorhabdomyo- 
matd\.      Endothelial  and  malignant  rhabdomyoma. 

Endothelium  [en-do-the/-le-um)  [evtiov,  within ;  fit/Ar/, 
nipple].  The  internal  lining  membrane  of  serous, 
synovial,  and  other  internal  surfaces;  the  homologue 
of  epithelium. 

Endothermic  [en-do-ther' ' -mik)  [ivdov  within  ;  depur/, 
heat].  Relating  to  the  absorption  of  heat.  E.  Sub- 
stances, or  Compounds,  those  of  which  the  forma- 
tion is  attended  with  an  absorption  of  heat. 

Endothoracic  [en-do-tho-raf -silt)  \evdov,  within;  fiupa^, 
thorax].      Situated  or  occurring  within  the  thorax. 

Endothorax  {en-do-tho'-raks)  [ev6ov,  within;  ftupa!;, 
a  breastplate  ;  the  chest] .  In  biology,  the  interior 
framework,  or  apodemal  system  of  the  rephalotho- 
racic  region  of  a  crustacean,  furnishing  processes  for 
the  support  of  the  soft  parts. 

Endyma  [enf -dim-aft)  [evSv/ia,  garment].  The  epen- 
dyma,  or  lining  epithelial  membrane  of  the  ventricles 
of  the  brain,  and  of  the  cavity  of  the  spinal  cord. 

Endymal  [en'-dim-al)  \lvdvpa,  garment].  Relating  to 
the  endyma. 

Endysis  [enf-dis-is)  \b>6vaiq,  a  putting  on].  In  biol- 
ogy, the  process  of  acquiring  plumage  by  a  bir  1. 

Enecation  ien-ek-a' '-shun)  [e,  out;  necare,  to  kill]. 
I  H-struction  of  life  ;   complete  exhaustion. 

Enechema  mah)  \iv,  in;   i,x'/pa,  sound,  ring- 

ing]      Tinnitus  aurium. 

Enecia  [e-ne' -she-ah)  [yveia/s,  continuou-].  A  con- 
tinuous fever. 


Enema  [enf  em-ah  ■  \jbve.pa;  ev,in;   i  end:  pi., 

Enemald].       A    rectal    injection    for    therapeuti 
nutritive   purposes. 

Enepidermatic,  or  Enepidermic  [en-ep-e-der-mat'-ik, 
ox -tier' -mik)  \jv,  in  ;   zmSippuq,  the  epidermis].     Per 
taining  to  the  treatment  of  disease  b)  applications  to 
the  .-.kin. 

Energy  [en'-er-ge)  [kvepyeta;  iv,  in;  epyov,  work]. 
'fhe  power  or  fori  e  displayed  by  an  organism.  '1  he 
I'  11  v  tor  doing  work.  E.,  Conservation  of,  the 
law  that  the  various  forms  oi  energy  can  be  trans- 
formed  one  into  the  other  without  loss.  E.,  Kinetic, 
the  power  of  a  body  in  motion.  E.,  Potential,  the 
possible  power  of  a  body  at  rest.  Physiologically,  it-, 
measure  is  the  amount  of  heat  that  may  be  obtained 
by  complete  combustion  of  the  chemic  compounds 
representing  the  potential  energy. 

Enervate  [e-ner'-vai)  [enervare,  to  weaken].  1" 
weaken. 

Enervation    [e-ner-va* -shun)     [enervatio,    weakness]. 

1.  Weakness;   lassitude;    languor  from  lack  of  nerve- 
stimulus  ;  neurasthenia  ;  the  reduction  of  tin-  ^rength. 

2.  The  removal  of  a  section  of  a  nerve. 
Enervose    [e-ner^-vos)    \enervust  without  nerves].      In 

biology,    applied    to    leaves    destitute    of    nerves    or 
veins. 

Eneuresis  (en-u-re'-sis).      See  Enuresis. 

Engagement-stage  of  Labor.     See  Descent-sta 

Engastrius  [en-gas' -tre-us)  \}v,  in;  yaorfyp,  belly].  A 
monstrosity  in  which  one  fetus  is  included  within  the 
peritoneal  cavity  of  another. 

Engelmann's  Middle  Disc.  A  light  disc,  separating 
two  darker  discs  of  a  muscle-case.  It  is  also  called 
Hens  en's  disc. 

Engenesis  [en-jen/ -es-is)  [m\  in;  yeviaOai,  to  be  pro- 
duced]. In  biology,  the  fourth  of  Broca's  four  de- 
grees of  fecundity  in  the  union  of  two  -j^-cies.  Cf. 
Agenesis,  Dysgenesis,  Paragenesis. 

Engine  {en'-jin)  [ME.,  engin,  a  mechanical  contriv- 
ance]. An  apparatus  for  producing  some  mechanical 
effect.  E.,  Dental,  a  foot-power  machine,  embracing 
the  following  device-  and  combinations  :  The  use  of  a 
flexible  wire  shaft,  witli  a  flexible  sheath  over  it. 
Dental  Engine.  E.,  Surgical,  an  electric  or  foot- 
power  machine,  used  with  a  flexible  wire  -haft.  It  i- 
employed  in  surgery,  in  drilling,  boring,  and  smooth- 
ing bone,  etc. 

Engle  System.     See  Cremator. 

English  (ing'-glish  )  [ME.,  English').  Belonging  or 
pertaining  to  England.  E.  Cholera.  See  Cho 
E.  Disease.  Synonym  of  RhachiHs.  E.  Position. 
See  Postures,  Table  of.  E.-red.  See  Colcothar  and 
Venetian-red.  E.  Sweating  Fever.  See  Anglicus 
sudor.  E.  Teeth,  artificial  teeth  with  beautiful  color- 
ing, and  soft  translucency,  rendering  them  well 
adapted  for  matching  the  natural  teeth. 

Engomphosis  [en-gom-fo' '-sis)  \iv,  in;  )6fi<pog,  nail]. 
Gomphosis,  q.  v. 

Engorged  [en-gorjdr)  [lr. ,  en  nt,  a  choking  up]. 

Congested.      E.  Papilla.     See  Choked  Disc. 

Engorgement  [en-gorj'-ment)  [lr. .  engorgement,  a 
choking  up].  <  >ver-distention  of  the  vessels  of  a  part, 
with  stagnation  of  the  circulation.  Vascular  conges- 
tion. 

Enlargement  [en-larj' -ment  ).  See  Auxe,  Auxesis, 
Hypertrophy. 

Enlarger  \en-lar'-i      .     See  Amplifier. 

Enneagynous  [en-e-ajf-in-us)  \hrvia,  nine;  yvvfi,  a 
woman].  In  biology,  applied  to  flowers  having  nine 
pistils. 

Enneander  [en-e-anf-der)   \bwka,  nine  ;  .  a  man]. 

In   biology,  applied  to  a  flower  having  nine  stamens. 


1  \\l    \IT  1  A  I  01  S 


128 


i:\ll  Ri  M  LYSTER 


Enneapetalous 
a  leaf  1.      In   biol  igy,  applied  lo  a  flower  having  nine 
pel 
Enneaspermous  nine; 

-     d].     In  .  applied  to  fruits  having 

iiin 
Enodal  knot].      In  biol- 

thoul  nod   -  -u-. 

Enoinomania  rine; 

.mi  tremens 
Enomania  mad- 

■   desire    for   intoxicating 
liquors;   insanit)  due  to  intoxication.      Also,  delirium 
tremens 
Enophthalmia 

j.      Red  ball  in  the  orbit. 

Enophthalmos  [ev,    in;    6 

of  the  eyeball  into  the  orbit. 
Enosomania  .    trembling  ; 

is].     Insanity   marked    by   terror,    the 
:  i"  the  most  dreadful  visita 

Enostosis  [ev,    in  ;  .    bone],       \ 

tuim  t  within  the  medullary  canal  of  a  bone,  or  a  bony 
tun  nating  in  bone. 

En  Piqure  ik-eer*)  [Fr.].     See  Culture. 

Ensate  .  a  -word].      In  biology,  sword- 

sb  in. 

Ensiform      >.      if-orni)  [  n     ,  a  sword ;  forma,  form]. 
-      nl.     E.  Appendix,    the    sword- 
inous    process   of    the   sternum;    the 
xiphoid  earn 
Ensisternal  [ensis,   sword ;    nr. 

thi  uc].      Pertaining  to  the  ensisternum. 

Ensisternum      <.■       ■ter'-nuni)  [«wir,sword;  arii 

None].        The     xiphisternum    or   ensiform 

C.i: 

Ensomphalic  w-fal'-ik)    [iv,   in  ;    ai.ma,    body  ; 

,  navel].      Pertaining  to  an  ensomphahiv 

Ensomphalus  Fal-us)   [iv,  in;   a&fia,   body; 

.  navel],      A  double  monstrosity,  with  practi- 
cally complete  and  functional  organs,  but  united  by 
superficial  bond. 
Enstactum  '-turn)   [iv,   in;    ord&iv,  to  drop: 

//. .  .  •].     A  liquid  collyrium. 

Enstrophe  [iv,    in;     orptyeiv,   to   turn]. 

Inversion,  a-,  of  the  margin  of  an  eyelid. 
Entad  within;  ad,  to].      From  with- 

out inward;  toward  ite  of  Ectad. 

Ental  itliin].      A   surface,  aspect,  or 

i    from    the    periphery   or  nearer  the 
titer  than  that  with  which   it  i-  contrasted.      Deep, 
'"'  the    opposite,    Ectal; 

•i,   Tab 
Entasia,..r  Entasis  [evraai{, 

in   for  spasmodic  muscular 

Entatic  g     straining]. 

m  ;   aphrodis 
Entera  Plural  of  Enteron,  q.  v. 

Enteradenography 
inti 

Enteradenology  ,,, ,   intes- 

tin<  anatomy, 

ph)  tinal  glands. 

Enteragra 

Enteralgia 

pain]       Pain    in    fh<  E.    inflammatoria. 

rrh. 


Enterectasis     [en-ter-ek'-tas-is)     [evrepou,     intestine  ; 

iicraatg,  dilatation].      Dilatation  >>i    some   part  of  the 

small  intestine. 
Enterectomy     [en-ter-ek,-to-me)     [ivrepov,    intestine; 

EKTOfiT/,   excision].      Excision  of  a   part   of   the   small 

intestine. 
Enterelcosis     [en-ter-el-kof -sis)     [ivrepov,    intestine; 

ITjumuc,  ulceration].      Ulceration  of  the  bowel. 
Enterepiplocele  [en-ter-ep-ip* '-lo-sll)  [<  vrepov,  intestine  ; 

kiriirXoOV,  caul  ;    <>/,//,,  hernia],      llernia  in  which  both 

bowel  and  omentum  are  involved. 
Enterepiplomphalocele  ( en-ter-ep-ip-lom-fal' '-o-sll)  [iv- 
bowel;  iiriirXoov,  caul;  bfupaXdg,  navel;  a/,///. 

hernia].      Umbilical    hernia,  with    protrusion   of   the 

omentum. 
Enteric  (en-ler'-ik)   [ewe/M/oJc ;  eVrepo»>,J)owel].      Per 

taining    to  the  intestines.      E.  Fever,  typhoid  fever. 

To  demonstrate  bacilli    of  enteric  fever  see  Guffkv  s 

Method and  fVoodhead's  Method,  under  Stains,   Table 

"/■ 

Enterischiocele  [en-ter-is' '-ke-o-sll)  [ivrepov,  intestine; 
\a\im\  ischium;  *///-//,  hernia].  Intestinal  hernia 
through  the  great  sciatic  notch. 

Enteritic  [en-ter-itf -ik)  [ivrepov,  bowel;  trig,  inflam- 
mation].     Relating  to  enteritis. 

Enteritis  [en-ter-i' '-tis)  [ivrepov,  bowel;  trig,  inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation  of  the  small  intestine.  E., 
Chronic  Exudative.  Synonym  of  £.,  Pseudo-mem- 
branous. E.,  Membranous.  Synonym  of  E.,  Pseudo- 
membranous. E.,  Pellicular.  Synonym  of  E., Pseudo- 
membranous. E.,  Pseudo-membranous,  a  non- 
febrile  affection  of  the  bowel,  consisting  in  a  peculiar, 
and  usually  persistent,  morbid  condition  of  the  in 
tinal  mucous  membrane,  marked  by  the  periodic 
formation  of  viscous,  shreddy,  or  tubular  exudates 
composed  chiefly  of  mucin,  on  the  discharge  of  which 
temporary  amelioration  of  the  accompanying  acute 
digestive  and  nervous  symptoms  occurs.  The  disease 
appears  mainly  in  middle  life  and  usually  in  females. 

Entero-  [en'-ter-o-)  [ivrepov,  bowel].  A  prefix  denot- 
ing relation  to  the  intestines. 

Entero-anastomosis  [en/-ter-o-an-as-to-mo,-sis)  [ivre- 
pov, bowel  ;  avaoTOfibetv ,  to  bring  to  a  mouth].  The 
surgical  creation  of  an  anastomosis  between  two  parts  of 
the  intestine  ;  or  the  union  of  two  parts  of  the  intes- 
tine after  the  excision  of  a  segment. 

Enterobrosis  [en-ter-o-brof  -sis)  [ivrepov,  bowel ;  0po>- 
mr,  an  eating].  Perforation  or  ulceration  of  the  in- 
te>tine. 

Enterocele  [enf -ter-o-sil  \\ivrepov,  bowel ;  s ////,■,  tumor]. 
A  hernia  containing  a  loop  of  intestine.  E.,  Rectal, 
having  a  covering  of  the  rectal  wall.  E.,  Vaginal, 
having  a  covering  of  the  vaginal  wall. 

Enterocentesis  [en-ter-o-sen-te1 '-sis)  [ivrepov,  intestine; 
Kfonv/Oig,  puncture].    Surgical  puncture  of  the  intestine. 

Enterochlorophyl(,y//-Aywi-/£/</-;-«:///  >|    i  repov,  bowel; 
l>i. i, mi-,    yellowish-green;     oi'/'/ov,    a     leaf],      Mac 
Munn's    term   for  a    chlorophyl   found   by  him   in  the 
so-called  livers  of  many  invertebra 

Enterocholecystostomy  i  en-ter-o-ko-le-sis-tosf -to-m  ) 
[irrni'T,  bowel;  X"''/-  bile;  K&OTIC,  cyst;  Ordua, 
mouth].     Same  as  Cholecystenterostomy. 

Entero-cholecystotomy  [en-ter-o-ko-le-sis-totf-o-me). 
Same  as  Cholecystenterotomy . 

Enterocleisis  [en-ter-o-klis' '-is)  [ivrepov,  bowel ;  «■' 
a  closing],      <  Icclusion  of  the  bowel. 

Enteroclysis  {en-ter-ok' -lis-is)  [ivrepov,  bowel  ;  kXvoic,, 
a  drenching].  Injection  of  nutrient  material  into 
the  intestine  in  cholera,  collapse,  etc. ;  more  generally, 
any  rectal  enema  or  clyster. 

Enteroclyster  [en-ter-o-klis' -ter)  [ivrepov,  bowel  ;  tcMiff- 
fia,  a  clyster],     A  rectal  clyster  or  enema. 


ENTERO-COL]  I  IS 


!••!» 


IN  I  ER<  >ST<  >MY 


Entero-colitis     (en-ler-o-ko-li'-tis)     [evrepov,    bowel; 

k6%ov,  the  colon;   tr<f,  inflammation].     Inflammation 

of  the  small  intestine  and  of  the  colon. 
Enterocystocele  (en-ter-o-sis/ -to-sil )  [evrepm  ,  intestine  ; 

Kvanr,  bladder;   */////,  tumor].      Hernia  involving  the 
urinary  bladder  and  the  intestine. 

Enterodynia  [en-ter-o-din1 '-e-ah)  [evrepov,  bowel; 
bdvvr],  pain].      Pain  referred  to  the  intestines. 

Entero-epiplocele  [en/-ter-o-e-pip/-lo-sil).  See  Enter- 
epiplocele. 

Enterogastritis  [en-ter-o-gas-tri' '-lis)  [evrepov,  intes- 
tine; yatrH/p,  belly;  vrtq,  inflammation].  Inllamma- 
tion  of  the  stomai  h  and  intestine. 

Enterogastrocele  [en-tei  -o  gas'-tro-sil    \  m  , bowel; 

yaorr/p,  belly;    *'/'"/,  tumor].      A    hernia  containing 
the  gastric  and  intestinal  walls  ;    abdominal  hernia. 

Enterography  (en-ter-og/ -ra-fe)  [evrepov,  intestine; 
ypdpe/v,  to  write].  A  treatise  on  or  a  description  of 
the  intestines. 

Enterohematin  1,7/7.  r-o-ke* '-mat-in)  [evrepov,  intestine; 
atpdnvoq,  ol  blood].  In  biology,  a  coloring-matter 
found  in  many  invertebrates  {e.g.,  the  livers  of  mol- 
luscs), the  mother-substance  of  histohematin.  It  is 
the  same  as  the  Hemochiomogen  and  Helicorubin  of 
Krukenberg. 

Enterohemorrhage  [en-ter-o-hem/-or-&j)  [evrepov,  in- 
testine ;  a) ltd,  blood  ;  pjrpri  vat,  to  burst  forth].  Intes- 
tinal hemorrhage. 

Enterohydrocele  (en-ter-o-ki' '-dro-sBl)  [evrepov,  intes- 
tine ;  iidup,  water;  vifkq,  hernia].  Hydrocele  compli- 
cated with  intestinal  hernia. 

Entero-ischiocele  (en-ter-o-isf-ke-o-sel)  [evrepov,  intes- 
tine ;  iox'iov,  ischium;  k///.i/,  tumor].  Same  as  Enter- 
is  chiocele . 

Enterolith  [en' ' -ter-o-lith)  [evrepov,  bowel ;  ?if)oc,  a 
stone].      A  concretion  formed  in  the  digestive-tube. 

Enterolithiasis  (en-ter-o-lith-i' '-as-is)  [evrepov,  bowel ; 
TuBiaaig,  the  formation  of  calculi].  The  formation  of 
intestinal  calculi. 

Enterology  (en-ter-ol'-o-je)  [evrepov,  bowel;  Myog, 
science].  The  science  of  the  intestinal  viscera  ;  the 
anatomy,  physiology,  pathology,  and  hygiene  of  the 
intestines. 

Enteromalacia  (en-ler-o-mal-a'-se-ak  )  [evrepov,  bowel  ; 
mi?  a  Kin,  softness].  Pathologic  softening  of  the  bowel- 
walls. 

Enteromenia  (en-ter-o-me/ -ne-ak)  [evrepov,  bowel ;  pfp>, 
month].      Vicarious  menstruation  by  the  bowel. 

Enteromerocele  {en-ter-o-me' -ro-sel )  [evrepov,  bowel ; 
ut,por,  thigh  ;  k/'/'/j/,  hernia].  Femoral  hernia  involv- 
ing the  intestine. 

Enteromesenteric  (en-ter-o-mez-en-ter'-ik )  [evrepov, 
bowel;  peaoc,  middle;  evrepov,  bowel].  Pertaining 
to  the  intestine  and  the  mesentery. 

Enteron  (en'-ter-on)  [ivrepov,  intestine:  />/.,  Entera\. 
I.  The  intestinal  or  alimentary  canal,  exclusive  of 
those  parts  that  are  of  ectodermal  origin.  2.  The 
intestine. 

Enteroncus  [en-ter-ongf -kus)  [evrepov,  bowel;  bywoq, 
mass].      A  tumor  of  the  bowel. 

Enteroneuria  [en-ter-o-nu'-re-ah  )  [evrepov,  intestine  ; 
vevpov,  nerve].  An  intestinal  disease  dependent  upon 
some  neurosi-. 

Enteropathy  (en-ter-opr -ath-e)  [evrepov,  bowel;  iraBoq, 
disease].    Any  disease  of  the  intestines. 

Enteroperistole  (en-ter-o-per-is/ -to-le)  [evrepov,  bowel; 
Trepinm'/ r, ,  a  winding  about].  I.  Peristaltic  motion 
of  the  bowels.  2.  Any  constrictive  obstruction  of 
the  intestinal-tube. 

Entero-peritonitis  (en-ter-o-per-it-on-i'-tis)  [evrepov, 
bowel;  rreplTovcuov ,  the  peritoneum;  trie,  inflamma- 
tion].    Combined  inflammation  of  the  intestines  and 


adjacent  peritoneum;   inflammation  of  the  peritoneal 
coat  ot   tin-  mi'  -tine. 

Enteropexia      {en-ter-o-peksf -e-ah)      [     -  bowel; 

■  ,  fixation],      fixation    of  a  portion  of  the  n 
nil.-  to  the  abdominal  wall,  for  the  relief  oi  enterop- 
tosis,  splam  hnoptosis,  etc. 

Enterophlogia    |  '-je-ak)      \  .    bowel; 

fkoyia,    a   burning].       Synonym  of  Acute  Intestinal 
C  'atarrh. 

Enterophlogosis   (en-ter-o-pZt       '  [evrepov,  bowel ; 

(p/\6yuoic,  a  burning] .     Synonym   of    A  cult  Int.  final 
Catarrh. 

Enterophthisis     [en-ter-off* -tkis-is)     [evrepov,    bowel; 
-'<;,  wasting].      Intestinal  tuberculosis. 

Enteroplastic      |    i  <-plas/-lik)     |     -  bowel; 

-'/ unrihor,  formed].      Pertaining  t<>  enteroplasty. 

Enteroplasty  (en'-ter-o-plas-ti  [evrepm  .  bowel  ;  -'/or,- 
nuv,  to  form].  Any  plastii  operation  upon  the  intes- 
tine to  repair  injuries  of   its  walls. 

Enteroplegia  (en-ter-o-ple/-je-ak)  [ivrepov,  bowel; 
_///;//,  a  stroke].      Paralysis  of  the  bowels. 

Enteroplex  (en' -ter-o-pleks)  [  -  .  bowel;  KAiljeiv, 
to  interlace].     See  Enteroplexia. 

Enteroplexia,  or  Enteroplexy  (en-ter-o-pleks' '-e-ah,  or 
en' '-ter-o-pleks- e)  [hrepov,  intestine;  ~/:^m  ,  to  inter- 
lace]. A  method  of  treatment  of  wounds  of  the  in- 
testine in  which  union  of  the  bowel  i-  obtained  by 
different  means,  but  particularly  by  an  apparatus,  the 
enteroplex ,  without  the  use  of  needle  and  thread.  The 
enteroplex  is  formed  of  two  aluminum  rings  so  con- 
structed that  they  will  tit  the  one  into  the  other. 
These  are  inserted  into  the  cut  ends  of  the  bowel, 
and  then  the  two  are  pressed  together,  the  intestinal 
walls  being  brought  into  apposition. 

Enteroproctia  [en-ter-o-prok' -she-ak)  [evrepov,  intes- 
tine; —puKn'j*,  anus] .  The  existence  of  an  artificial 
anus,  or  of  an  opening  into  the  bowel  for  fecal  dis- 
charge. 

Enteroptosis  (en-ter-op-to'-sis)  [evrepov,  bowel  :  — cifftc, 
a  fall].  Glenard's  term  for  a  combination  of  neuras- 
thenia with  gastro-intestinal  disturbance  and  prolapse 
of  the  abdominal  organs,  particularly  the  transverse 
colon,  with  looseness  of  the  mesenteric  and  peritoneal 
attachments.      It  is  also  called  Splanchnoptosis. 

Enterorrhagia  (en-ter-or-a' -je-ah)  [ivrepov,  bowel  ; 
jyrryvvvai,  to  burst  forth].  Intestinal  hemorrhage. 
Excessive  discharge  of  any  kind  from  the  intestine. 

Enterorrhaphy  (oi-tcr-or'-a-fe)  [evrepov,  bowel;  pafij, 
suture].      Suture,  or  stitching,  of  the  intestine. 

Enterorrhea  (en-ter-or-e'-ak)  [evrepov,  intestine;  poiu, 
a  flow].      Diarrhea. 

Enterorrhexis  [en-ter-or-eks'-is)  [evrepov,  bowel ;  p'/iic, 
rupture].      Rupture  of  the  bowel. 

Enterosarcocele  (en-ter-o-sar/-ko-sel)  [evrepov,  intes- 
tine; onpS,  flesh  ;  ki/'/tj,  a  hernia].  Intestinal  hernia 
with  sarcocele. 

Enterosepsis  (en-ter-o-sepf -sis)  [i    -  >owel;  oi, 

putrefaction].      Intestinal   toxemia  or  sep>i>.      A  con- 
dition of  unusual   activity  in  tin-  contents  of  the  intes- 
tinal canal,  by  which  the  ptomaines  of  putrefaction  are. 
produced  in  such  manner,  or  in  such  quantity,  that  they 
are  absorbed  and  give  rise  to  a  state  of  intoxication. 

Enterosis  (en-ter-o,-sis)  [evrepov,  bowel  ;  -  .  di>- 
ease  :  pi. ,  Enteroses\     Any  intestinal  disease. 

Enterostenosis  (fn-ter-o-ste-no'-sis)  [evrepov,  bowel; 
--  vuoiq,  contraction].  Stricture  or  narrowing  of  the 
intestinal  canal.  • 

Enterostomy  [en-ter-os* '-to-me)  [evrepov,  bowel ;  aropa, 
mouth].  Incision  and  suture  of  the  small  intestine  to 
the  abdominal  wall  for  introduction  of  food  by  this 
artificial  mouth,  in  case  of  impossibility  of  food- 
entrance  bv  the  normal  route. 


1  N  ["EROTERATOMA 


130 


ENTOPLASTIC 


Enteroteratoma 
bowel;  monster;  bua,  tumor]       A  solid  tumor 

of  the  umbilicus  in  new-born  infants,  composed  ol  the 
remain-  of  the  omphalic  du 
Enterotome  .    bowel 

cutting].     The  name  ol  various  instruments  used  in 
cutl  on  the  intestine. 

Enterotomy  •  bowel 

to  cut].     In  anatomj  ol  the  L 

tine. 
Enterozoon  ,  intestine ;  ."..<"<■,  an 

animal  '  "'  I,u'  intestine. 

Entheomam.i  inspired; 

Mania  in  which  the  patient  belii 
himself  to  be  >us  insanity. 

Enthetic  .    to    put    in].      I 

du  ii  without:    applied  especial! 

ific  contagious  diseases.     The 

list  of  enthi  given  by  Dr.  Hartshorne,  in 

in  of  Medicine,"  is  as  follows :     I. 

<  >nly  produced    by  contact   >>r    inoculation — primary 

i  iuia,  hydrophobia.      -.    <  'on- 
by  atmospheric  transmission  through  short 
id,     varicella,       measles, 
diphtheria,    scarlatina,     rdtheln,    mumps,     whooping 
ius,  relapsing    fever.     3.    Endemic,  occa- 
tdemic — malarial    fever,   dengue,    yellow 
4.   The    zymotic   or  enthetic    diseases — influ- 
enza rospinal  fever,  erysipelas,  puerperal  fever, 
tropica]  dysentery,  typhoid  fever,  cholera,  plague. 
Entiris    ■>::.  .  within  ;  ipi$,  rainbow].     The 
uvea  of   the  iris,  forming    its    inner    and  pigmentary 
la;. 
Entoblast    |  '. '  ['■-■-.    within;      .V/anror,    a 
bud,  germ].      In   biology,  the    nucleolus   or  germinal 
■  a  histologic  cell.     Cf.  Endoplastule. 
Entobliquus  .  within;    obliquus, 
lique].     The  obliquus  internus  muscle  of  the  abdo- 
'e  of. 
Entobranchiate    [en-to-brang> '-ke-at)    \evt6q,    within; 
gills].      In  biology,  having  internal  or  con- 
ed  branchia. 
Entocarotid    [en-to-kar-of -itt)  [trnii;,    within;     kc 
The  internal   carotid  artery.      See  A 

Entocele  |   [kvr6g,    within;     Ki//:,,    hernia]. 

Interna!  hernia  ias  through  the  diaphragm)  ;  ectopia  ; 
morbid  displacement  of  an  internal  organ. 
Entoceliac,  or    Entocelian  %k,    or   en-to- 

se'-U  rithin;    KoiXia,  hollow].     Situated 

within  a  ivity  or  ventricle. 

Entochoroidea,  1  >r  Entochorioidea  [en-to- ko-roi'-d* 
or  -     .    .'.  ithin  ;  like  a 

'"  r  lining  of  the  choroid  mem- 

bl  up  mainly  of  capillaries. 

Entocinerea  ,.  ,    within  ;   ciner- 

••].     Cineritious  or  gray  brain-substance  sur- 
■ram  and  spinal  cord. 
Entocondylar  iil-ar)      \tvr6q,       within; 

Pertaining  to  an  inner  condyle, 
Entocondyle  [en-to-  within;  K6v6v7uoq, 

a  1  An  inner  condyle,  as  of    the   hum* 

mur. 
Entoconid  .within;   Kwvof,  cone], 

ner    ai*  .r    cusp   of    a    lower    molar 

h. 
Entocornea  within;   corneus, 

horny].      That    par-  membrane    that 

lin-'s   ind  adJ  mea. 

Entocuneiform  within  ; 

i      The 


Entocyte  [en'-io-slt)  \hvr6q,  within;   kvtoq, cell].     The 

contents  of  a  cell,  including  nucleus,  nucleolus,  granu- 
lations, etc. 

Entoderm  [enf-to-demi)  [evnJc,  within;  6kppa,  skin]. 
Same  as  Endoderm. 

Entoectad  [en-to-ek* -tad)  [evrdc,  within;  ktcrdg,  exter- 
nal ;  ad,  to],      from  within  outward. 

Entogastric  [en-to-gas' '-trik)  [p>r6q,  within;  yaarijp, 
stomach].       Relating  to  the  interior  oi  the  Stomach. 

Entoglossal  \en-to-glos' -al)  [_.•'  rr"<  •  within;  yTvuaoa, 
tongue].     Situated  within  the  tongue. 

Entogluteus  [en-to-glu-te* '-us)  [cvrtfc,  within;  yXovrdg, 
the  rump].  The  gluteus  minimus  muscle.  See  Mus- 
cles,  Tabic  of. 

Entojugular  Vein  [en-to-ju' '-gu-lar)  \kvr6q,  within; 
jugular,  a  little  yoke].  The  internal  jugular  vein. 
See  /   in. 

Entomere  [enf -to-mtr)  \hvr6q,  within  ;  (itpog,  a  part]. 
In  embryology,  one  of  the  cells  forming  the  center 
of  the  mass  of  blastomeres  in  the  developing  mam- 
malian ovum,  the  outer  blastomeres  being  called 
ectomeres. 

Entomion  [en-to* -me-on)  [h'rofiq,  notch].  See  Cranio- 
metric  Points. 

Entomogenous  [en-to-mof '-en-us)  \ivrofiov,  an  insect; 
yevqc,  produced].  In  biology,  applied  to  fungi  growing 
upon  or  within  insects.      Cf.   Entomophytous. 

Entomography  [en-to-mog1 '-ra-fe)  [evro/iov,  an  insect; 
ypayziv,  to  write].      A  written  treatise  on  insects. 

Entomology  [en-to-mol'-o-je)  [evrofiov,  insect;  Xiyeiv, 
to  speak].  That  department  of  zoology  devoted  to 
the  description  of  insects. 

Entomophilous  (  en-to-moff' '-il-us  )  [evrofiov,  insect  ; 
oi'f-iuv,  to  love].  Insect-loving  or  insect-attracting.  E. 
Flowers,  (lowers  attracting  insects  by  their  secretions 
and  thus  securing  cross  fertilization  through  the  insects 
that  carry  the  pollen  to  other  flowers. 

Entomophytous  [en-to-motf '-it-its)  [>V™mr,  insect; 
'•" "'"',  grown].  In  biology,  applied  to  fungi  that 
grow  upon  or  within  the  bodies  of  insects.  Cf.  Ento- 
mogenous. 

Entomosis  [en-to-mt/sis)  [hrrofwv,  insect ;  v6ooc,  dis-' 
ease].      Any  disease  due  to  parasitic  insects. 

Entomotaxy  [en-to-mo-taks' r-e)  \_i rrounv,  insect ;  raftf, 
arrangement].  The  systematic  preparation  and 
arrangement  of  insects. 

Entomotomy  [en-to-mof '-o-me)  \evro[iov,  insect;  ro/iij, 
a  cutting].      Insect  anatomy. 

Entomozoaria  [en-to-mo-zo-a' -re-ah)  \bno}iav,  an  in- 
sect; ,'<.>'r,  a  living  being].  A  type  of  bilateral 
animals  nearly  equivalent  to  the  Arthropoda. 

Entonia  [en-to' -ne-ah)  [ivrovia,  tension].  Rigidity  or 
tension  of  a  voluntary  muscle;   tonic  spasm. 

Entonic  [en-ton' -ik)  [evrovia,  tension].  Characterized 
by  entonia,  or  by  violent  tonic  spasm. 

Entoparasite  [en-to-par' '-as-it)  \_£vt6q,  within;  iraaa- 
aiT'n  .  parasite].  An  internal  parasite  ;  an  entozoan 
or  entophyte. 

Entopectoralis     [en-to-pek-tor-a' '-lis)    \evr6q,     within; 
pectoralis,  of  the  breast].     The  pectoralis  minor  mus 
cle.     See  Muscles,  Tail 

Entoperipheral  [en-to-per-if -er-at)  \_h-<'>c,  within; 
irepttykpetv,  to  carry  around].  Originating  or  situated 
within,  and  not  upon  the  periphery. 

Entophthalmia    [en-toff-thal* '-me-ah)    [evrdc,    within; 
'<",   a   disease  of  the  eyes].      Inflammation  ol 
the  internal  parts  of  the  eyeball. 

Entophyte      n'  to-fit)  [evrdq,  within;   <pvrov,  a  plant]. 
An  in  tenia  I  parasite  oi   vegetable  nature ;  as  a  schizo- 
ium. 

Entoplastic  [en-to-plas' -tik)  [evrdq,  within;  ■xhaaouv, 
to  form].      Same  as  Endoplastic. 


ENTOPLASTRON 


4:51 


EPEXIA  MAI. 


Entoplastron  [en-to-plas* '-iron)  [evnJc,  within  ;  plastron, 
a  breastplate:  //. ,  Entoplastra\  In  biology,  tin- 
internal  clavicular  scute,  or  anterior  median  piece  of 
the  plastron  of  a  chelonian. 

Entoptic  [en-top? -tik)  [evnSc,  within;  birriicdg,  pertain- 
ing to  vision].  Pertaining  to  the  internal  parts  of  the 
eye.  E.  Phenomena,  visual  phenomena  caused  by 
peculiarities  or  imperfections  of  the  eye  itself,  sueh  as 
muscce  volitantes. 

Entoptoscopic  [en-top-to-skop* -ik)  [kvrdg,  within  ;  uxf/, 
eye;  oKoirtiv,  to  inspect].     Relating  to  entoptoscopy. 

Entoptoscopy    [en-top-tos' -ko-pe)   [evroc,    within  ; 
eye;     oiumeiv,    to    inspect].        The     investigation    or 
observational   study   of  tin    interior    of  the  eye,  or  of 
the  shatlows  within  the  eye. 

Entorectomy  [en-tor  ek'-to-me)  \jtvrepov,  bowel  ;  kicroftfy, 
excision].    Resection  of  a  diseased  portion  of  the  bowel. 

Entoretina  (en-to-ref '-in-ah)  [evnic,  within ;  retina, 
retina].  The  innermost  layer  of  the  retina,  itself  com- 
posed of  five  layers,  and  an  inner  limiting  membrane. 

Entorrhagia  [en-tor-a' -je-ah)  \kvr6q,  within;  p//)i'vvai, 
to  burst  forth].      Internal  hemorrhage. 

Entosternite  \en-to-ster,-nlt).     See  Endosternite. 

Entosthoblast  (en-tos/ -tho-blast)  \tvdoaBe,  from  within  ; 
P?mot6q,  germ].  The  supposed  nucleus  of  a  nucle- 
olus. 

Entostosis,  or  Entosteosis  (en-tos-to'-sis,  -tos-te-o* -sis) 
[evrdf,  within;  boreov,  bone].  An  osseous  growth 
within  a  medullary  cavity. 

Entotic  {en-tot,-ik)  [iiroe,  within  ;  o!x,  ear].  Pertain- 
ing to  the  internal  ear.  E.  Phenomena,  sounds 
caused  by  abnormalities  of  the  auditory  mechanism 
itself. 

Entotriceps  { en-tot  f-re-seps)  \tvr6c,  within;  rpric, 
three;  KF<t>a/r/,  head].  The  internal  head  or  division 
of  the  triceps  muscle  of  the  arm. 

Entozoal  [en-to-zo' -al)  \kvr6g,  within  ;  C,£.or,  an  animal]. 
Caused  by  or  dependent  upon  entozoa. 

Entozoon  [en-to-zo' -on)  \_kvr6g,  within  ;  £wov,  an  ani- 
mal:  //. ,  Entozoa\  An  animal  parasite  living  within 
another  animal. 

Entrails  {en'-trels)  [M.E.,  entraile~\.  The  bowels  and 
abdominal  viscera. 

Entropium  [en-tro'-pe-uni).      See  Entropion. 


Entropion. 

Entropion  [en-tro'-pe-ori)  [kv,  in;  rprrretv,  to  turn]. 
Inversion  of  the  eyelid,  so  that  the  lashes  rub  against 
the  globe  of  the  eye,  producing  inflammation,  pannus, 
etc.  It  may  be  cicatricial,  organic,  or  spa-tie  in  origin. 
E.,  Superciliary,  the  incurvation  of  the  hairs  of  the 
eyebrow  into  the  palpebral  fissure  and  against  the 
conjunctiva,  causing  the  same  symptom- as  are  present 
in  ordinary  entropion. 

Enucleation  {e-nu-kle-a* -shun)  \e,  out  of;  nucleus,  a 
kernel].  The  operation  of  exsecting  or  shelling  out 
from  its  seat  or  capsule  a  tumor,  etc.  E.  of  Eye, 
excision  of  the  eyeball  from  the  orbit. 

Enucleator  [e-nu' -kle-a-tor)  \e,  out  of;  nucleus,  a  ker- 
nel].     An  instrument  used  in  performing  enucleation. 


Enuresis  (en-u-re/-sts)  [tvm  incontinent  of 

urine].      Incontinence  ol  urine.      A  frequenl  affection 
of  early  childhood,  due  to  a  variety  of  pathologic  con 
ditions,  including  the  presence  ol  ascarides,  phimi 
and   vulvitis.      E.  nocturna,  involuntary  emptying  of 
the  bladdei  during  sleep. 

Envelop  \enf-vel-dp)  [Fr. ,  enveloppe~\.  An  investing 
membrane,  or  laj  ei  - 

Environment  [en-vi' -ron-ment)  [Fr.  environner,  to 
surround].  The  totality  of  influences  acting  upon 
the  organism  from  without.    See..  n,  Factors  of. 

Enzootic  [en-zo-of -ik)  [ev,  in,  or  among;  C£ov,  animal]. 
Affecting  beasts  in  a  certain  district  ;  as  an  enzodtic 
disease. 

Enzooty  [en-zof -o-te)  \kv,  in, among;  £wov,  an  animal]. 
An  enzooti"  dis< 

Enzyme  [en'-zlm)  \iv,  in;   0  »/,,  leaven].     I.  Kiihne's 
name  for  the  soluble  ferments.    2.  An)  ferment  formed 
within  the  living  organism.      3.  Any  chemic  or  hydro 
lytic    ferment,   a-   distinguished    from    organized    i<  1 
ments,    such    as    yeast.      Enzymes    are    most    a< 
between  300  and  350  ('.,  and  are  destroyed  by  boiling. 

Enzymic  (en-zi'-mik)  [ev,  in  ;  *i  u//,  leaven].  The  na- 
ture of  the  ai  tion  of  an  enzyme. 

Enzymosis  (en-zi-mo/-sis)  \iv,  in;  C','"7,  leaven].  The 
action  of  an  enzyme. 

Enzymotic  {en-zi-motr-ik)  \h>,  in;  -'»//,  leaven].  Per- 
taining to  enzymes. 

Eonosos,  or  Eonosus  [e-on/-o-sos,  or  -sus)  \j]UQ,  morn- 
ing;  pocroc,  illness].      See  Morning  Sickness. 

Eosin  (V-0-.w/)  \tjuo,  the  dawn],  C20H8Br4O5.  Tetra- 
bromfluorescein  ;  an  important  dye  produced  by  the  ac- 
tion of  bromin  on  fluorescein  suspended  in  glacial 
acetic  acid.  It  occurs  in  red  or  yellowish-red  crystals, 
and  is  used  as  a  stain  in  histology.  See  Fuchsin.  E. 
colors.     Set  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Eosinophile  [e-o-sinf-o-fil  )\eosin  from  que,  dawn;  tpiheiv, 
to  love].  In  bacteriology  and  histology,  applied  to  mi- 
crobes or  histologic  elements  showing  a  peculiar  affin- 
ity for  eosin-stain. 

Eosinophilous  (e-o-sin-off'-il-us)  [#wc,  dawn  ;  m'/ieiv, 
to  love].  Staining  readily  with  eosin.  Applied  to 
certain  granules  in  the  lymphoid  blood-cells  that  stain 
with  acid  anilin-dyes. 

Epactal  [e-pak'-tal )  \knaKx6q,  brought  in].  Interca- 
lated ;  supernumerary  ;  Wormian.  E.  Cartilages. 
See  CartiLi 

Epanetus  [e-panf -et-us)  [kiraveroc,  relaxing].  Remittent 
fever. 

Epanisognathous  [ep-an-is-og' -na-thus)  [tiri,  upon ; 
ananc,  unequal;  yvaffoq,  jaw].  In  biology,  having 
the  upper  teeth  narrower  than  the  lower  ones. 

Epapophysis  [ep-ap-off'-is-i?)  \t~i.  upon  ;  .  ap- 

ophysis].     A    median    process    placed   dorsad  of   the 
centrum  of  a  vertebra. 

Eparterial  [ep-ar-te' -re-al)  [eni,  upon  ;  .  artery]. 

Situated  above  an  artery. 

Epaxial  [ep-aksf -e-al)  [}:~i,  on  ;  axes,  axis].  Situated 
or  extending  over  an  axis. 

Epencephal  [ep-en/-sef-al).      See-  Epencephalon. 

Epencephalic  [ep-en-sef-aV -ik)  \}~i,  on;  iyniqa~/.oc, 
brain].      Pertaining  to  the  epencephalon. 

Epencephalon  [ep-en-seff-al-on)  \tiri,  on;  tyidipaXog, 
brain].  The  after-brain  or  hind-brain;  the  cerebel- 
lum and  pons  taken  together;  or.  as  some  define  it. 
the  cerebellum,  pirns,  and  oblongata  taken  together. 

Ependyma  [e-pen* -dim-ah)  \hrevAvfia,  an  upper  gar- 
ment]. The  lining  membrane  of  the  cerebral  ventri- 
cles and  of  the  central  canal  of  the  spinal  cord  ; 
endyma. 

Ependymal  [e-pen' '-dim-al)  \k^kv&vfia,  an  upper  gar 
ment].      Pertaining  to  the  ependyma. 


!  N  M'VMI  1  IS 


132 


EPICYESIS 


Ependymitis  dim-i'-t  in     upper 

garmei  inflammation].      Inflammation  of  the 

ndyma, 

Ephebic  iging   to  puberty]. 

ah.  adol  .  or  puberty. 

Ephebology  ,     youth; 

science].      .  youth,  adolescence,  and 

puberty. 
Ephedra  a  seat]       A 

mts  wuh  lour    \.   Ameri 
ral  S     Vm        in,  and    many  other  specie 

E.    antisyphilitica.    and   E.  trifurca,  of 

■   used   in   gonorrhea,  urethritis,  and 

|eu  E.  andina,    of   S. 

Ai  .1  E.  distachia    or  vulgaris),  E.  equi- 

setina,  E.  flava,  E.  fragilis.  and  E.  monostachya, 

of  the. ..Id  world,  have  similar  properties. 

Ephednn  i  -■  at].     The 

principle  .  proposed  as  a 

mydriatic  bj    Nagai.      It   i-  a  cardiac  depressant  and 

harmless  mj  f  the  hydrochlorate  in 

Jiij  distilled  water.      For  instillation 

gtt 

Ephclis  .   wart :    //., 

A  freckle.      See  Lett, 
Ephemera  .    daily].       The 

nai  i    physicians    to    short   and   slight 

in    the    lying-in    period. 

l'h  of   frequent    occurrence,  and  of 

y  indicated  a  small  amount  of 

tion.     E.  maligna.     See  Anglicus  sudor. 

Ephemeral  .    living    a  day]. 

try.      Applied   to   fevers   that    pass  away  in  a 

Ephesis  ,a  longing].    A. longing;  lust. 

Ephialtes  ^<,upon;   ld'/./.ur, 

to  leap]. 
Ephidrosis  [■■-'.   upon;    'trfpuotg,  sweat- 

).      Perspiration.     See  Hyperidrosis.     E.  cruenta, 
Hemat,  E.  flava,  yellow 

E.  lactea,  white  or  milky  sweat.      E.  nigra, 
\,\  i  E.  tincta.     See    Chromidrosis.      E. 

viridis.  greenish  s'W 
Ephippium  saddle-cloth;  eiri, 

on  Ephippid\.      I.    Same  as  Sella 

iti'  z.     In     biology      saddle-shaped     capsules 

from  the  •  of  adult  cladocera,  and  con- 

taining the  winter  (or  ephippial)  i 
Epian  [lr.,    a  raspberry].       The     yaw-; 

Epiblast  [eiri,   upon;  sprout]. 

r  layer  of  th  derm,  called, 

si-   .  nor  new  ",from  which 

nervous  system  and  epidermal 
tissues,  includin  ithelium  of  the  sense-organ-. 

Epiblema  .to  throw; 

ik].      In   biology,  the  imper 
in  submerged   plants  and  on 

Epibole 

Epibolv  •.,,  ,   t,,  throw]. 

I"  1  by  Salenka  to  indicate 

by  the  overgrowth 

Epibranchia.  .upon;    (Ipayxia, 

pi's].  :.,  various  structures  ; 

thai  ...  irms 

ier;  the  t<  rminal 
Don  i  a  bird, 

Epibulbar  bulbus, 

bulb]  ,,,, 

ulbar  tut. 


Epicalyx  (ep-e-ka'-liks)  [hri,  upon;  mi'/r;,  calyx:  />/., 
icalyces\  In  biology,  an  involucre  resembling  an 
exterior  or  accessory  calyx. 

Epicanthis  (ep-e-kan'-this)  [eirucavdic :  pi.,  Epican- 
thides\.     See  Epicanthus. 

Epicanthus  [ep-e-kan' '-thus)  [eiri,  on  ;  Kavdog,  angle  of 
the  eye].  A  fold  of  skin  passing  from  the  nose  to  the 
eyebrow  over  the  inner  canthus  of  the  eye. 

Epicardium  (ep-e-kar* -de-um\  [eiri,  upon  ;  ttapdia, 
heart].       1  he  visceral  layer  of  the  pericardium. 

Epicarp  (efZ-e-karp)  [eiri,  upon ;  Kapirdg,  fruit].  In 
biology,  the  outer  >kin  of  a  fruit. 

Epicele,  Epiccele  (<•/>'  i-sll)  [eiri,  upon;  KotAia,  belly], 
i.  In  biology,  applied  to  such  a  body-cavity  a-  that 
of  vertebrates  or  that  represented  by  the  atrium  of  an 
ascidium.  2.  The  cephalic  portion  of  the  fourth  ven- 
tricle, constituting  th'-  cavitj  ol  tin-  epencephal. 

Epicentral  (ep-e-sen' -tral )  [eiri,  upon  ;  /..  vrpov,  center]. 
In  biology,  adhering  to  a  vertebra]  centrum,  a-  some 
of  the  scleral  spines  in  the  herring. 

Epicerebral  [ep-e-ser'-e-bral)  [eiri,  upon;  cerebrum, 
the  brain].  Situatedover  or  on  the  cerebrum;  a-  the 
epicerebral  space  between  the  brain  and  the  pia. 

Epichilium  (ep-e-kilf -e-um)  [eiri,  upon;  ^etKoq,  lip, 
brim:  />/. ,  Epickilia}.  In  biology,  applied  to  the 
upper  portion  of  the  lip  of  an  orchid. 

Epichorion  {ep-e-ko' -re-ori)  [eiri,  upon;  %6piov,  tne 
chorion],     i.  The  decidua reflexa.     2.  The  epidermis. 

Epiclidium  lep-e-klid' '-e-um)  [eiri,  upon  ;  itkeidtov, 
clavicle:  pi. ,  Epiclidid].  In  biology,  a  separate  ossi- 
fication of  the  distal  end  of  the  clavicle  in  birds  ;  ac- 
cording to  l'arker  it  represents  the  precoracoid  of  rep- 
tile-. 

Epiclinal  {ep-e-kli'-nat)  [eiri,  upon;  kXIvij,  abed].  In 
biology,  placed  upon  the  receptacle. 

Epiccelia  {ep-e-se' -le-ah).     See  Epicele. 

Epicoma,  Epicomus  or  Epicome  [e-pik? -o-mah, 
r-pik'-o-mus,  e-pik' -o-me)  [eiri,  upon  ;  Kdfiif,  hair].  A 
parasitic  monstrosity  having  an  accessory  head  united 
to  the  principal  fetus  by  the  summit. 

Epicondylar  [ep-e-konf -dil-ar)  [eiri,  upon  ;  K&vdvXog,  a 
condyle].      Relating  to  an  epicondyle. 

Epicondyle  (ep-e-kon' '-dil~\  [eiri,  upon  ;  k6v6vaoc,  a 
condyle].  I.  Any  supracondylar  eminence  upon  a 
bone,  as  the  humerus.  2.  Less  correctly,  the  external 
condyle  of  the  humerus. 

Epicondylo  -  cubitalis  (cp-e-kon'-dil-o  -  ku-bit-a1 '-lis) 
[eiruiovSvhog,  an  epicondyle ;  cubitum,  the  elbow]. 
The  anconeus  muscle.     See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Epicondylo-radialis  {ep-e-konf -dU-o-ra-de-a' -lis)  [i  iri- 
k6vAi>'/.o(;,  an  epicondyle  ;  radius,  the  radius].  The 
supinator  brevis  muscle.      See  Muscles,   Table  of. 

Epicotyl  [ep-e-kof '-it)  [/->',  on  ;  kdtvAt/6&v,  a  cup-shaped 
hollow  (cotyledon)].  In  biology,  the  stem  of  a  young 
plant  between  the  cotyledons  and  the  lowest  true  lea\  es. 

Epicranial  {ep-e-kra' '-ne-al)  [eiri,  upon;  Kpaviov,  the 
cranium].      Relating  to  the  epicranium. 

Epicranium  [ep-e-kra' '-ne-um)  [It/,  upon;  Kpaviov, 
cranium].      The  structures  covering  the  cranium. 

Epicrisis  [ep-e-kri' '-sis)  [eir'utpiois,  determination].  The 
phenomena  of  disease  succeeding  the  crisis;  a  sec- 
ondary crisis. 

Epicrusis  (ep-e-kru'-sis)  [eiri,  upon;  Kpavauc,  stroke]. 
I.  Massage  by  strokes  or  blows;  percussion;  thera- 
peutic  scourging. 

Epicyemate    [ep-e-si-e' '-mSt)    [/-■',    upon;     Ki'r/un,    an 

embryo].      In  embryology,  applied  to   that    form  of 

development  in  which  the  embryo  remains  outside  and 

ove  the    yolk-vesicle.      It   is  characteristic    of  li>lies 

and  bati 

Epicyesis  (ep-e-si-e' -sis)  [eiri,  over;  Kvkecv,  to  be  preg- 
nant].     Superfetation. 


KI'KVS'I  [C 


i:;:; 


EPIGU  ill  IIMTI> 


Epicystic  (ep-e-sis'-tik)  [ktri,  upon;  icixmg,  bladder]. 
Suprapubic;  situated  above  the  urinary  bladder. 

Epicystitis  (ep-e-sis-ti'  tis\  [eiri,  upon  ;  Kvortg,  bladdei  ; 
mr,    inflammation].       Inflammation    of    the    tissues 

above  the   bladder. 
Epicystotomia    (ep-e-sis-to-to1 '-me-ah).      Same  as  Epi- 
cystotomy. 

Epicystotomy  (ep-e-sis-tot' -o-me)  [ini,  upon;  kvotic, 
a  bladder;  ri/iveiv,to  cut].  Suprapubic  incision  of 
the  bladder. 

Epicyte  (ep'-e-sit)  [i~i.  upon  ;  m  rot  ,  cell].  The  cell- 
wall  or  hyaline  cuticle  of  cells. 

Epidemesis  (ep-e-dem-e' 'sis)  \iiri6i)(ii]Ou;~\.  Same  as 
Epidemic 

Epidemia  (ep-e-de1 '-me-ah)  [kirtdq/iia,  an  epidemic]. 
Any  epidemic  disease,  or  epidemic  of  disease.  E. 
puerorum.     Synonym  of  Whooping-cough. 

Epidemic  (ep-e-dem' -ik)  [eiri,  upon  ;  <*//."'".'»  people]. 
A  term  applied  to  diseases  that  involve  large  numbers 
of  persons,  or  spread  over  a  wide  area,  in  contra- 
distinction to  Endemic. 

Epidemicity  (ep-e-dem- is' -it-e)  [it/,  upon;  <b//ioc,  a 
people].      The  quality  of  being  epidemic. 

Epidemiography  (ep-e-de-me-og* '-ra-fi  )  [«n(%tfoc, 
epidemic  ;  ypdfeiv,  to  write],  A  description  of  epidemic- 
diseases. 

Epidemiologic  (ep-e-dem-e-o-loj1 '^ik\  [emUiifuor,  epi- 
demic; /.d; oc,  science].      Relating  to  epidemiology. 

Epidemiology  (ep-e-dem-e-ol' -o-je)  [kiridJ/fuog,  epidemic; 
'/nyoc,  science].     The  science  of  epidemic  diseases. 

Epiiemy  {ep/-e-dem-e).     See  Epidemia. 

Epiderm  (ep'-e-derm).      See  Epidermis. 

Epiderma    (ep-e-der' '-mail)    [i~i,    upon  ;    Heppa,   skin : 

.  pi.,  Epidermata~\.  Any  abnormal  outgrowth  from 
the  epidermis. 

Epidermal  (ep-e-der'-mal)  [eiri,  upon  ;  (ttpfia,  skin]. 
Relating  to  or  composed  of  epiderm. 

Epidermatic,  Epidermic  (ep-e-der-mat'-ik,  -der'-mik) 
\_f~i,  upon  ;  Sipfia,  skin].  Relating  to  the  epidermis. 
E.  Method,  a  method  of  administering  medicinal 
substances  by  applying  them  to  the  skin.  It  is  also 
called  Iatraliptic  method. 

Epidermatoid  (ep-e-der' -mat-oid)  \hiri,  upon  ;  6ep/ia, 
skin  ;   e/rfoc,  likeness].      Resembling  the  epidermis. 

Epidermic  (ep-e-der' -mik).  Same  as  Epidermatic.  E. 
Erythema.  SeeAcrodynia.  E.  Globes.  See  Can- 
cer-nests. E.  Grafting.  See  Reverdin's  Operation 
in  Operations,  Table  of.      E.  Pearls.     See  Cell-nests. 

Epidermidomycosis  (ep-e-der' '-mid-o-mi-ko' '-sis)  [i ~t- 
depfiic,  epiderm  ;  uvw/c,  fungus],  A  disease  due  to  the 
growth  of  parasitic  fungi  upon  the  skin. 

Epidermin  (ep-e-der' '-min)  SJ~>.  upon  ;  ftipua,  skin]. 
A  base  for  ointments  prepared  by  melting  one-half 
ounce  of  white  wax  in  a  warm  mortar  and  triturating 
with  this  one-half  ounce  of  powdered  gum  arabic 
until  a  homogeneous  paste  is  obtained.  To  this  is 
added  a  boiling  mixture  of  one-half  ounce  each  of 
water  and  glycerin  and  the  whole  is  stirred  until  cold. 
Epidermin,  thus  prepared,  is  a  semi-fluid,  creamy  sub- 
stance, which,  when  exposed  to  the  air  in  a  thin  layer, 
forms  a  strongly  adherent,  flexible  pellicle  or  coating. 
When  medicaments  are  to  be  added  they  are  always 
previously  rubbed  up  in  glycerin. 

Epidermis  (ep-e-der' -mis)  [eTt,  upon  ;  6ip/ia,  the  skin]. 
The  outer  layer  of  the  skin.  The  scarf-skin,  consist 
ing  of  a  layer  of  horny  cells,  that  protects  the  true  skin. 
It  has  neither  blood-vessels  nor  nerve-filaments.  E., 
Appendages  of,  a  generic  name  for  the  hair,  nails, 
etc.,  growing  from  the  epiderm. 

Epidermization  (ep-e-der-miz-a' -shun)  [imAepftiQ,  epi- 
derm].      I.   The    formation    of    epiderm.      2.    Skin- 
grafting. 
28 


Epidermolysis  (ep-e-der-molf -is-is)  [en  epiderm; 

Xvacc,  separation],  Acantolysis  Bullosa;  Dermatitis 
bullosa;    a   rare  skin-di  a    which   bullae    form 

upon  the  slightest  pressure.     The  disease  shows   ii 

in  infancy,  and  oci  urs  especially  upon  the  hands  and 
feet.  The  lesion  begins  as  a  red  spot,  which  is  itch)  ; 
in  two  hours  a  bulla  forms,  enlarges,  and  then  gradu- 
ally subsides,  drying   into   a  scale.     It  is  most   pro 

-     nounced  in   summer. 

Epididymal,  or    Epididymic  iid'-em-al,  -im-ik) 

['-/,  upon;  didvfwi,  the  testes].  Relating  to  the 
epididymis. 

Epididymis    (fp-e-did'-im-is)   [i~i,  upon;    Sldvfiot,  the 
testes].     The    small    body    lying   above   th< 
The   superior   end   is   the  gl  .  the   inferior, 

the  globus  minor. 

Epididymitis  (ep-e-did-im-i' '-lis)  [IfivrMtyz/c,  epididy- 
mis ;  tnr,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the  epi- 
didymis. 

Epidosis  (e-pid' -o-sis)  [t-nVinic].  Enlargement ;  in- 
crease ;   exacerbation. 

Epidrome  (e-pid' -ro- me)  \i.nidpofi(],  a  running  upon]. 
Active,  or  (more  often)  passive,  congestion. 

Epidural  (ep-e-du'-ral)  [•",  upon;  dunes,  hard]. 
Upon  or  over  the  dura.  E.  Space,  the  space  outside 
the  dura  mater  of  the  spinal  cord  anci  brain. 

Epifolliculitis  (ep-e-fol-ik-u-li'-tis)  \j~  .  upon;  follicu- 
lus,  a  follicle;  trie,  inflammation].  Inflammation 
seated  about  the  hair-follicles  of  the  scalp. 

Epigamic  (ep  am'-ik)  [ewt,  upon;  yd/iog,  marriage]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  those  bright  tints  and  patterns 
displayed  by  many  animals  during  courtship.  Cf 
Allepigamic. 

Epigaster   (ep-e-gas'-ter)    [eVt,  upon;    yaoTrjp,    belly] 
The  large  intestine  ;  hindgut. 

Epigastralgia  (ep-e-gas-tral'-je-ah)  \kircyaoTpwv ,  epi- 
gastrium;  a/yc,  pain],      I'ain  in  the  epigastrium. 

Epigastric  (ep-e-gas' -Irik)  [   ~.    upon;  yaarfip,  belly]. 
Relating  to  the  epigastrium.    E.  Reflex.   See  ReJL 
Table  of. 

Epigastrium    (ep-e-gas' -tre-uni)    \}~i,    upon;     yao 
stomach] .    The  upper  and  middle  part  of  the  abdom- 
inal surface;  the  epigastric  region. 

Epigastrius  (ep-e-gas' -tre-us)  \kxi,  upon  ;  yaorfjp,  the 
stomach].  A  form  of  double-monstrosity,  in  which 
one  fetus  in  an  undeveloped  condition  is  contained 
within  the  epigastric  region  of  the  other. 

Epigea,  or  Epigaea  (ep-e-je'-ah)  [■'  ~  .  upon;  yala, 
earth].  A  genus  of  trailing  ericaceous  plants.  E. 
repens,  trailing  arbutus  of  \.  America,  has  valuable 
diuretic  properties.      See  Trailing  Arbutus. 

Epigeal  (ep-e-je' -al)  \}~'i.  upon;  a,  the  earth]. 

In  biology,  growing  on  or  out  of  the  ground,  or  living 
near  the  surface  of  the  ground. 

Epigenesis  (ep-i  -jen'-es-h  \  [erri,  upon;  ,  fecig,  genera- 
tion]. In  biology,  the  theory  that  holds  the  embryo 
to  be  the  result  of  the  union  of  the  male  and  female 
elements,  and  the  fully  formed  organism  the  result  of 
a  gradual  process  of  differentiation,  in  distinction  to 
the  theory  of  encasement,  preformation,  or  evolution. 
which  held  the  embryo  to  preexist  enfolded  in  a 
minute  form  within  the  germ. 

Epigenous  (e-pij'-en-u  ~  .  upon  ;  j  ,  .  produced]. 
In  biology,  growing  upon  the  surface  or  upper  side  of 
a  leaf  or  other  part,  as  many  fungi.      Cf.    Epiphyllous. 

Epigeous  |  -  i  '-us)  [e?n,  upon;  yia,  the  earth].  In 
biology,  growing  on  or  near  the  ground.  Same  as 
Epigeal. 

Epiglottic  '  iot'-ik)  \iiri,  upon  ;  y/orrir.  glottis]. 
Relating  to  the  epiglottis. 

Epiglottiditis  lot-id-i' -tis)  \j-r.7(.nir.   epiglottis; 

trie,  inflammation].       Inflammation  of  the  epiglottis. 


lilt  i  l  (  OTIS 


134 


EPINASTY 


Epiglottis  upon  ;  --    .  glottis]. 

A  thin  '  nous  valve  that  aids  in  preventing 

id  .ind  drmk  from  passing  into  the  larynx. 

Epiglottitis 

Epignathous  .upon;  aw]. 

In  biolof  •  billed  ;  applied  to  birds  in  which  the 

apper  b  the  under   half 

and  is  defli  •  it. 

Epignathus  .upon;  aw].' 

vin  moi  n  which  the  parasite  i-  united  to 

ihe  -  maxillar)  bone  of  the  autosite. 

Epigonium  .  upon !  ' ll]- 

In  !  mm  in  mosses  .iiul  Hepa- 

e  capsul  •  eloped. 

Epigynous  .upon;    ywq,  a  woman]. 

In  upon  thr  o\ ,u \ 

Epihippic    Kever  .    upon;      in 

S 
Epilation  in)    [   .    out    of;    pilus,   a    hair]. 

on  of  hair. 
Epilatorium  urn  [L.].    An  application  for 

manently  removing  hair 

Epilatory  [/.    out    of;     pi/us,   a   hair]. 

i.  Extracting  the  hairs ;  depilatory.    2.  An  epilatorium. 

Epilemma  [<■'-<.  upon;  tefifta,  husk://., 

:].         The     neurilemma     of     very     small 

brai  funiculi  of  nerve-filaments. 

Epilepsia  -ah  ).      See  Epilepsy.       E.  cur- 

siva.      S  itive.       E.  gravis.     See 

E.    larvata.      See    Epilepsy,   Masked. 

E    mitis.     -  .     E.  saltatoria.      Synonym 

of  E.  vertiginosa.  Petit  mal,  q.  v. 

Epilepsy  ;c,  a  laying  hold  of].     A 

ner  i  characterized  by  sudden  loss  of  con- 

r  of  coordination  of  motion  with 

tonic  and  clonic    convulsions,  the    paroxysms  lasting 

hut  a    short    time.      This   form   of   the   disease    is  the 

'•  true  "'  affection,  the  haut  mal  or  grand  mal  of  the 

h.      Ihe   petit    mal  {abortive  epilepsy,  epileptic 

.  and  may  consist  of  only  a  slight 

-.  with    retained   coordination  of 

■in  seizure  is  a  local- 

without   loss  of  consciousness. 

-hi.      An    epileptic  seizure   is    often 

intr  by  an  aura,  a  peculiar  sensation  preceding 

the  lie  seizure,  which  is  quickly  followed   by 

the    chart'  t'-ri-tic    epileptic    cry.      The    origin    of   the 

in  all    probability  a   powerful  dis- 

ch.i  oergy  from  the  cortical  cerebral  cells.    The 

mon  in  females,  and  is  influenced 

iity  and  age  ;    it    is    rare  for  it    to  occur  after 

Traumatism  and    severe  mental 

iting  1  auses.     E.,  Accelerative, 

1  .•  epilepsy  in  which  the  patient  runs 

own  in  a  tit.     E.,  Acute    Infantile, 

the    eclampsia    of    infants.        E., 

Cardiac,    ;  la.       E.,    Cortical. 

'/.      E.,    Focal.     See    E . ,    fack- 

E       Jacksonian,    spasmodic    contracti 

in  :.il  disease  of 

to  one-half  of   the  body 

E.,  Masked, 

•11    of  true  epilepsy, 

'"  n.t    fall.      E.,    Partial, 

E.,   Peripheral.      Same    a. 

E.,    Pleural.     S(  e    Pleural.     E., 

Procursive  .  ,f  the  body  in   ~ome 

E.,  Reflex,  reflex 

E.  of  the    Retina,  a    temporary  anemia 

iring  an  epilepti- 

E.,  Saturnine.  avulsions 

g.    E.,  Sensory,  Hep- 


a  form  of  epilepsy  in  which  sensory  disturbances 
predominate  ;  it  is  believed  to  be  due  to  a  lesion  of  the 
..pile  thalamus.  E.,  Spinal,  paroxysms  of  clonic  spasm 
in  the  lower  extremities  sometimes  observed  in  the 
course  of  spastic  paraplegia.  E.,  Symptomatic.  See 
,  Jacksonian.  E.,  Thalamic.  See  E.,  Sensory. 
E.,   Toxic,  that   induced  by  toxic  substances  in  the 

blood. 

Epileptic  {rp-i!-ep,-tik)  [7 t////i/vi  ,  a  laying  hold  of]. 
Pertaining  to  or  like  epilepsy.  Also  one  affected  with 
epilepsy.  E.  Aura.  See  Aura.  E.  Cry,  the  vocal 
sound  or  cry  in  epilepsy,  from  laryngeal  spasm.  E. 
Equivalents,  instead  ol  the  convulsive  attacks  in  epi- 
lepsy there  may  from  time  to  time  be  transient  psychic 
disturbances  that  consist  in  states  of  either  excitement 
or  depression.  These  are  the  so-called  epileptic  equiv- 
alents. E.  Hemiplegia,  sometimes  follows  the  lit, 
especially  after  unilateral  convulsions.  E.  Interval,  the 
period  of  time  between  the  epileptic  paroxysms.  I  taring 
this  period  there  are  in  the  majority  of  eases,  if  not  in 
all,  some  abnormal  manifestations,  as  disorders  in  the 
cardiac  rhythm,  irregularity  in  the  pupils,  and  cerebral 
disorders.  E.  Mania,  slight  maniacal  tendencies  fol- 
lowing or  taking  the  place  of  the  lit.  E.  Seizure. 
See  Epilepsy.  E.  State,  a  state  of  profound  and 
sometimes  comatose  depression,  with  frequently  recur- 
ring epileptic  attacks,  often  speedily  fatal.  E.  Ver- 
tigo, giddiness  is  a  common  sensation  of  epilepsy,  but 
is  erroneously  applied  to  attacks  of  minor  epilepsy. 

Epilepticism  {ep-il-epf -tis-izm)  [fTi?.^(c,  a  laying  hold 
of].      The  epileptic  state,  or  status  epilepticus. 

Epileptiform  {cp-il-cp'-tif-orm)  [i-ikr^iq,  a  laying  hold 
of;  forma,  form].  Resembling  epilepsy  in  the  symp- 
toms. E.  Tic,  a  variety  of  facial  neuralgia  accom- 
panied by  spasmodic  movements  of  the  face.  This 
occurs  in  the  degenerative  period  of  life,  and  espe- 
daily  in  those  who  present  a  decided  family  history 
of  insanity. 

Epileptiginous  [ep-il-ep-tij1 '-in-us).  Same  as  Epilepto- 
genous. 

Epileptogenous  {ep-il-ep-tof  '-en-us)  [eirifajtyic.,  epilepsy ; 
yewav,  to  produce].  Producing  epilepsy.  E.  Zone, 
Brown-Sequard's  term  for  that  portion  of  the  skin  of 
the  face  and  neck  of  guinea-pigs  which,  if  irritated 
after  section  of  the  spinal  cord  near  the  twelfth  dorsal 
vertebra,  will  give  rise  in  a  short  time  to  epileptiform 
convulsions. 

Epileptoid  {ep-il-ep* -toid)  [kirifaitytq,  a  laying  hold  of ; 
>)i\i>r,  likeness].  I.  Resembling  epilepsy.  2.  A  per- 
son subject  to  various  nervous  attacks  of  the  general 
nature  of  epilepsy. 

Epilobium  (,p-il-o'-hc  urn)  [■"'.  upon  ;  %oj36g,  a  pod,  a 
lobe].  A  genus  of  herbs  including  the  willow-herb,  a 
demulcent,  tonic,  and  astringent  drug. 

Epilose  (epS-il-os)  \e,  priv. ;  pilosus,  hairy].  Without 
hair;    bald. 

Epilymph  [epr -e-limf)  [«rt,  upon;  lympha,  water]. 
The  fluid  between  the  bony  and  the  membranous  laby- 
rinths. 

Epimerite  (ep-e-me/-rit)  [eiri,  upon;  //>/,»»■,  thigh].  In 
biology,  an  anterior,  deciduous,  probqsi  is  like,  pre- 
hi  nsile  organ,  attached  to  the  protomerite  or  anterioi 
segment  of  a  septate  gregarine. 

Epimeron  (,/>-<•  -me'-ron  [ ,  -  .  upon  ;  u^pdc,  thigh].  In 
biology,  one  of  the  lateral  pieces  helping  to  form  the 
pleuron,  or  a  part  of  the  segment  of  an  arthropod, 
often  giving  attachment  to  the  legs. 

Epimylis  (e-pim'-il-is)  [wrt,  over;  iii'/r),  millstone]. 
The  patella. 

Epinasty  (ep'-e-nas  t  |  ,  upon  ;  ravror,  pressed 
close]  in  biology,  curvature  produced  by  excessive 
growth  on  the  upper  side  of  an  extended  organ. 


KI'INKI'I  IRITIS 


435 


EPISIOHEMAT)  >M  \ 


Epinephritis  (ep-e-nef  ri'/is)  [«ri,  upon;  vcippor,  kid- 
ney;  itis~\.      Inflammation  of  a  supra-renal  capsule. 

Epineural  [ep-e-nuf-ral)  \_t~i,  upon;  vevpov,  a  nerve]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  structures  attached  to  a  neural 
arch. 

Epineurium    [ep-e-nu'-re-umS    \iiri,    upon;    i 

nerve].     The  nerve-sheath,   or  sheath  of  any  of  the 
larger  fascicles  of  nerve-tissue. 

Epinyctis  [ep-in-ikf -tis)  \kiri,  upon;  vi>(-,  night].  A 
pustule  appearing  or  becoming  worse  at  night. 

Epiopticon  [ep-e-opr -tik-on)  [iirl,  upon  ;  otttiko^,  of  see- 
ing]. In  biology,  a  ganglionic  swelling  in  the  optic 
nerve  of  insects  (Hickson). 

Epiotic  [ep-e-of -ik)  [kiri ,  above;  oi'c,  ear].  Situated 
above  or  on  the  cartilage  of  the  ear. 

Epipastic  {ep-e-pas'-tik)  [iirnraaoeiv,  to  sprinkle].  lie- 
signed  to  be  sprinkled  upon  some  surface  ;  sprinkled 
with  some  substance  ;  applied  to  plasters  sprinkled 
with  some  agent,  as  cantharides,  used  as  a  vesicant. 

Epipedometer  iep-e-pe-dom'-et-er)  [kirmedov,  surface ; 
fierpov,  measure].  An  instrument  for  use  in  measur- 
ing various  complex  deformities  of  the  body. 

Epipetalous  [ep-e-pet'-al-us)  [cnv,  upon ;  jreraAov,  leaf 
or  petal].  In  biology,  applied  to  stamens  or  other 
structures  when  borne  upon  the  petals. 

Epipharynx  {ep-e-far' -inks)  [£nv,  upon  ;  (f>dpvy$,  pha- 
rynx]. In  biology,  the  median  projection  on  the 
internal  surface  of  the  upper  lip  of  an  insect. 

Epiphenomenon  (ep-e-fe-nom'-en-on)  \iiri,  on ;  <f>ai- 
vopevov,  phenomenon  :  pi. , EpiphenomenaX.  An  ex- 
ceptional sequence  or  unusual  complication  arising  in 
the  course  of  a  disease. 

Epiphora  (e-pif  -or-ali)  \zTzubopa  ;  iizi,  upon  ;  tiepeiv,  to 
bear].  A  habitual  or  persistent  overflow  of  tears,  due 
to  over-secretion  or  impeded  outflow  through  the  nor- 
mal channels  of  excretion.      Lachrymation,  q.  v. 

Epiphyllous  (ep-e-Jil '' '-us)  [fvr/,  upon  ;  (pv'AAov,  a  leaf]. 
In  biology,  borne  on  a  leaf,  as  certain  fungi.  Cf. 
Epigenous. 

Epiphyseal,  or  Epiphysial  (ep-e-fiz'  -e-al)  \iici,  upon  ; 
tyveiv,  to  grow].  Relating  to  or  of  the  nature  of  an 
epiphysis. 

Epiphyseitis  (ep-e-fiz-e-i'-.'is)  [kir'ufmoig,  an  epiphysis ; 
iriq,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  an  epiphysis, 
or  of  the  epiphyseal  part  of  a  bone. 

Epiphysis  [e-pif  f-is-is)  [kni,  upon  ;  (t>veiv,  to  grow].  A 
process  of  bone  attached  for  a  time  to  another  bone 
by  cartilage,  but  in  most  cases  soon  becoming  con- 
solidated with  the  principal  bone.  E.  cerebri,  the 
pineal  gland. 

Epiphysitis  [e-pif -is-i' -tis).      See  Epiphyseitis. 

Epiphyte  [ep'-e-fit)  [e<n,  upon;  (jwrov,  a  plant].  In 
biology,  a  plant  growing  on  another  plant,  but  not 
nourished  by  it ;  also,  a  parasitic  plant  living  upon 
another  plant ;  also,  a  plant  parasitic  upon  an  animal. 

Epiplasm  [ep'-e-plazm)  [e7n,  upon  ;  •KAaoiia,  plasma]. 
In  the  sporangium  of  many  fungi,  a  part  of  the  proto- 
plasm remaining  after  formation  of  the  spores. 

Epiplastron  [ep-e-plas' '-tron)  [ffr/,  upon  ;  F., plastron, 
a  breastplate].  In  biology,  one  of  the  two  anterior 
lateral  plates  of  the  plastron  of  a  turtle  ;  probably  the 
homologue  of  the  clavicle  of  other  vertebrates. 

Epiplerosis  [ep-e-ple-ro' '-sis)  [fin',  upon  ;  TrAqpoocg,  fill- 
ing].     Engorgement;   repletion;   distention. 

Epipleura  [ep-e-plu' -rali)  [e/W,  upon  ;  irXevpa,  a  rib]. 
In  biology,  variously  used  to  designate  a  structure  su- 
perposed upon  a  rib,  as  the  spines  of  certain  fishes, 
the  hooked  processes  or  splint-bones  passing  from  rib 
to  rib  in  birds,  or  the  inflexed  outer  border  of  a  bee- 
tle's elytrum. 

Epiplexus  [ep-e-pleks'  -us)  \hrci,  upon  ;  plexus,  a  net- 
work].     The  choroid  plexus  of  the  epicele. 


Epiplocele  (e-pip' -to  se/)  [kirlirfoov,  caul  ;  «///.//,  hernia]. 
i  )mental  hernia. 

Epiploenterocele  \rpip-lo-en-ter'-o-sll)\t-KiiT'/j>ov,  caul ; 
pav,  intestine;   tcfjATj,  hernia].     A  hernia  contain 
ing  both  omentum  and  intestine. 

Epiploenterooscheocele  (ep-ip-lo-en-ter-o-os/-ke-o-sll) 
[iiriirXoov,  caul ;  ivrepcv,  intestine;  boxew,  scrotum; 
/./////,  hernia].  Intestinal  and  omental  hernia  into  the 
scrotum. 

Epiploic  iip-i/'-Io'-ik)  [iiriir aoov,  caul].  Relating  or  be- 
longing to  the  epiploon. 

Epiploischiocele  [ep-ip-lois'-ke-o-sel)  [iiriw'Xoav,  caul; 
iox'wv,  hip;  />//>.?/,  hernia].  Omental  hernia  through 
the  sciatic  notch  or  foramen. 

Epiploitis  (<  pip -lo-i'-tis)  [eiriirXoov,  caul  ;  trig,  inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation  of  the  omentum;  omental 
peritonitis. 

Epiplomerocele  [ep-ip  lo-?ner'-o-sil)  [eiriirXoov,  caul; 
\ir)p6\  ,  thigh  ;  ni/'Ar/,  hernia].  Femoral  hernia  contain- 
ing omentum. 

Epiplomphalocele  {ep-ip-lom-fal,-o-sll')\iTriir\oov,  caul ; 
6p<pa?.6g,  navel ;  kt/At/,  hernia].  Umbilical  hernia  with 
protruding  omentum. 

Epiploon  [e-pip' -lo-on)  [_kiri,  upon;  diirXSog,  double: 
pi.,  Epiploa~\.  The  great  omentum.  E.,  Gastro- 
colic, the  great  omentum.  E.,  Gastro-hepatic, 
the  lesser  omentum. 

Epiploscheocele  [ep-ip-los'-ke-o-sel)  [frc/w,  caul; 
bax^ov,  scrotum;  *>//>/,  hernia].  Omental  hernia 
descending  into  the  scrotum. 

Epipodite  [e-pip1 '-o-a\t\  \_etti,  upon;  novg[~o6-),  foot]. 
A  third  appendage  of  the  limb  of  a  crustacean,  artic- 
ulating with  the  coxopodite,  and  passing  into  the 
branchial  chamber ;   it  is  also  called  the  Jlabellum. 

Epipodium  [ep-e-po' '-de-nm)  \f~i,  upon;  irobg (irod-) , 
foot].  In  biology,  one  of  the  lateral  appendages  of 
the  foot  in  certain  molluscs,  as  the  wing-like  structures 
of  pteropods. 

Epipsyche  [ep-is-i' -ke)  [}:~i,  after;  ^n>Xf'/>  soul].  Ap- 
plied by  Haeckel  to  the  oblongata  proper. 

Epipteric  [ep-ip-ter'-ik)  [e~i,  upon ;  irrepov,  a  wing]. 
Situated  over  the  alisphenoid.  E.  Bone.  See 
Bone. 

Epipterous  {e-pip' -ter-us)  [ini,  upon;  nrepdv,  a  wing]. 
In  biology,  winged  at  the  top  ;   applied  to  seeds. 

Epirrhizous  (ep-e -rif-zus)  [eiri,  upon;  p/^a,  root].  In 
biology,  growing  upon  roots. 

Episcleral  {ep-e-skle* '-ral)  [eiri,  upon;  OK/.j]puq,  hard, 
sclerotic].  Situated  on  the  outside  of  the  sclerotic 
coat. 

Episcleritis  [ep-e-skle-ri'  -tis)  [eiri,  upon  ;  tn&.i/p6g,  hard  ; 
ing,  inflammation].  A  localized  inflammation  of  the 
subconjunctival  tissues. 

Episeio-  [ep-isf -e-o-) .  For  words  thus  beginning,  see 
Episio-. 

Episeioncus  (ep-e-si-ong/-kus)  [kiriaetov,  pubes  ;  &yicog, 
a  mass].  A  tumor  in  the  pubic  region,  or  of  the 
labia. 

Episeitis  [ep-iz-e-i' '-tis).      See  Episioitis. 

Episematic  (ep-e-sem-af ' -ik)  [eiri,  upon;  cijua,  a  sign]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  that  form  of  mimetic  coloration 
which  serves  as  a  signal  of  recognition  to  other  indi- 
viduals and  thus  enables  them  to  escape  ;  as  the  white 
tail  of  the  rabbit.    (Poulton.  i 

Episiocele      [ep-e-si' '-o-sil)      [iTriceinv,     pubes;     x 
hernia].      Pudendal  hernia;  vulvar  protrusion. 

Episioclisia  [ep-e-si-o-klis'-e-ah)  [kiriaetov,  pubes; 
KAeiotg,  locking,  closure].  Surgical  closure  of  the 
vulva. 

Episiohematoma  {ep-e-si-o-hem-at-of-mah  \  [eirioeiov, 
pubes;  alva,  blood;  oun,  tumor:  //. ,  Episiohemuto- 
mata~\.     Hematoma  of  the  vulva  or  pudenda. 


episk  -i  ns 


436 


EPIZOICIDE 


Episioitis  .  inflam- 

ion].      Inflammation  of  the  pudenda, 

Episioplasty 

.  tn   form  J.      A   plaslii    operation  upon  the  pubic 

Episiorrhagia  .  the  pu 

mIi].    Hemorrhage  from  the  vulva. 
Episiorrhaphy 
i  ]         V 
or  procidentia  ul 
Episiostenos. .  •   pubes; 

--  i    narrowing  ol    the 

vulva,  wheth 
Episiotomy  vulva;    i 

ion  through  the  vulva  in  childbirth,  to 
.  enj  rupture  of  the  perineum  and  to  facilitate  labor. 
Epispadias 

the  urethra  upon  the 
if  the  penis,  either  on  the  dorsum  or  on 
th' 
Epis;  ,  adrawing]. 

An  eruptioi  d    due    i"  medical    treat- 

ment  ;  .i  drug-exanthem. 
Epispastic  [in  .  .  a  draw- 

i     i.  .  it. .rv.     2.   A  vesica- 

tory or  substance  producing  a  blister. 
Epispern.  .  upon;  o  seed].    In 

.  the  OUt<  •  i  ''ailed  tli 

Episplenitis  , upon ;  anTJjv,  spleen ; 

-    .  inflammation].     Inflammation  of  the  fibrous  coat 
ii. 
Epistas:  ind]. 

\  -  inn    >r   film  iting  on  the  surfa< 

urine. 
Epistaxis  i  distil].     Hemor- 

>m  tin-  ii 
Episternite  '-nit)   [cir/,upon;  trripvov,  breast- 

In  biology,  ap]  the  lateral  pieces    "t 

th<  rthropod;   a  pleurile;  specifically 

one  of  the  valves  of  the  ovipositor  in  orthopterous  in- 

Episternum  num)      [ini,    upon; 

].      In  biology,  variously  applied  to  desig- 

t  to  the  sternum  ;    as  the 

iii.uiiin.il,  the  epiplastron  of  a  turtle,  or 

;  the  pleuron  of  an  in- 

Epistoma  -  ,  upon;   ordfia,   mouth]. 

riously    u  ime    |>art 

'Ii'.-  mouth,  a-  iV 

irous  i  rusta- 
ly  in  front   of  the   oral    . 
lure. 
Epistrophe  .  upon  ;  to  turn]. 

In  timed  by 

chl  influence   of   light, 

II  thai  ai 
■ 
Epistrophei 

second  cervical 

Epithalline  i  branch]. 

In  I  thallus. 

Epitheca  |.    In 

-lit  or  tegumen- 

hecium  ise], 

Tn  itain 

li' 

Epithelial  nipple], 

ithelium  ;  made  up  of  th'                -  of 

epithelium.      E.  Pearls. 


Epithelicell  [ep-e-the' -U-sel )  [i~i,  upon  ;  ''/,>'/,  a  nip]. 
,  a  cell].      An  epithelial  cell. 

Epithelioid  [ep-e-tke'-le-oid)  [£«•«',  upon;  >'>///,,  nippl 
.  likeness].     Resembling  epithelium. 

Epithelioma     \ep-e-tke~U-& '-mah\     [ini,    upon;     b 
nipple;  '"/'/.  a  tumor  :  pi.,  Epitheltomata\.    Carcinoma 
involving  skin  or  mucous  membrane.     E.  mollus- 
cum.     Synonym  ol  Moliuscum  coniagiosutn. 

Epithelium  [ep-e-the' -le  ion)  [Mt  upon  ;  fh/Mj,  nipple]. 
1  'he  cuticle  or  cellular-structure  ol  mucous  surfai 
and  also  of  the  skin  of  the  body.  E.  chrotale,  the 
ectoderm.  E.,  Ciliated,  a  form  in  which  the  cells 
bear  \  ibratile  filaments  or  cilia  at  their  fret-  extremities. 
E.,  Columnar,  distinguished  by  prismatic-shaped  or 
columnar  cells.  E.,  Nucleated,  consisting  of  cir- 
cular or  hexagonal  cells,   each   containing  a   nucleus. 


Ciliated  Cells. 


Goblet-cells.  Squamois-ci:i.i.s. 

E.,  Pavement,  or  Cuboidal,  cubical  or  polygonal 
cells  covering  the  surface  like  the  stones  of  a  pave- 
ment. E.,  Squamous,  the  cells  have  been  reduced 
to  flattened,  scaly  plates.  E.,  Stratified,  the  cells 
are  arranged  in  distinct  layers.  E.,  Tessellated. 
Same  as  /•-.,  Pavement.  E.,  Transitional,  inter- 
mediate between  simple  and  stratified. 

Epithem  [ep'-ith-em)  [enldy/ia,  a  poultice  :  //. ,  Epithem- 
atd\.  Any  local  application ;  as  a  compress,  fomen- 
tation, lotion,  or  poultice  ;  from  this  definition  some 
writer,  exclude  salves,  plasters,  and  ointments. 

Epithema  (ep-ith-e'-tnah).     See  Epithem. 

Epithesis  \e-pithf -es-is)  [iniTid&vai,  to  lay  on].  The 
surgical  correction  of  deformed  or  crooked  limbs. 

Epithyme  {epf-ith-lm)  [e7rt,upon  ;  db/wg,  thyme].     The 
European  plant,  Cuscuta  epithymum,  so  called  asgrow 
ing  parasitically  upon  thyme;  it  is  said  to  be  useful  in 
lancholy,  jaundice,  and  constipation. 

Epithymia  (ep-e-thi' '-me-ak)  [iniBvftia,  longing].  Any 
natural  longing  or  desire;    a  yearning. 

Epitrichium  {ep-e-trik' -e-um)  [ini,  upon;  rpixun>, 
hair].  A  superficial  cellular  layer  of  epidermis, 
found  in  embryonic  and  fetal  life. 

Epitrochlea  [ep-e-trok* '-le-ah)  [ini,  upon  ;    rpoxrd 
pulley].     Tin-  internal  con. Me  of  the  humerus. 

Epixylous    (e-piks'-il-us)  [in  fdAov,    wood]. 

In  biology,  applied  t"  fungi  or  other  plants  that  grow 
upon  wood. 

Epizoicide  [ep  e  ~>>'-i s-ld  i  [iiri,  upon  ;    -■■"»■,  an  animal  ; 
.  to  kill].      A  drug  or  preparation  that  destroys 
external  parasites. 


KI'I/ui  i\ 


437 


11:1'    II'  ».\ 


izoon   [ep-e-zo* '-on)   [eiri,   upon;     I'-xn;    an    animal: 
.,   Ept     ■].     An  animal   living  as  a  parasite   upon 
mother;    an  external  parasite,  as  distinguished  from 
n  Entozoon. 

.    jizootic    |  p  ■  zo-ot'-ik)   [eiri;    upon;     C'-»n\    animal]. 
i.  Affecting  the  lower  animals  epidemically.    2.  Aeon 
tagious,or  generally  pre>  alent  disease  affe<  ting  animals. 

Epizooty  (ep-e-zo/-o-le)  [eiri,  upon ;  inimal].      An 

epizootic  disease. 

Eponychium  [ep-o-nik' '-e-um)  [eiri,  upon;  bwif,  finger 
nail].     A  horny  condition  ol  the  epidermis  from  the 
second   to   the  eighth  month  of  fetal   life,  indicating 
the  position  of  the  future  nail. 

Eponym  [epf-o-nim)  [  v/ioc,  named  after  a  person]. 

A   term   derived    from   the    name    of   a    person.      See 
Table  ,>/'  Eponymic  Diseases,  under  /' 

Epobphorectomy      {ep-o-o-for-ek/-to-me)      [eirw6fi 
epoophoron  ;   ihrmi/'/,  excision].      Surgical  removal  of 
the  epoophoron. 

Epoophoron  1  p-o-off'-or-ori)  [/-/.upon;  ,  [ay 

ing  eggs].      Same  a.s  Parovarium. 

Epostoma  (ep-os-to'-mali)  [eiri,  upon  ;  boreov,  bone]. 
An  exostosis. 

Epsilon-bacillus.     See  Bacteria,  Synonymatic Table  of  . 

Epsom  Salts  {ep/-sum).     See   Magnesium. 

Epstein's  Dressing.  A  method  of  dressing  the  um- 
bilical cord.  It  consists  of  the  ordinary  linen  quad- 
rangular belly-plastron  with  a  central  cap-like  recepta- 
cle for  the  umbilical  stump. 

Epulis  {ep-u'-lis)  [eiri,  upon  ;  niXa,  the  gums].  A  hard, 
fibrous  tumor  of  the  alveolar  processes  of  the  jaws. 

Epulosis  (ep-u-lo' '-sis)  [eirovTiaxrig :  eiri,  upon;  ovXij, 
scar].      Cicatrization  ;   a  cicatrix. 

Epulotic  {ep-u-lof '-ik )  [eiri,  upon;  ov/.i/,  scar].  I. 
Promoting  epulosis  or  cicatrization.  2.  A  remedy 
or  application  that  promotes  the  healing  of  wounds  or 
sores. 

Equation  {e-kwa'-zhun)  [aquare,  to  make  equal].  In 
chemistry,  a  collection  ol  symbols  so  arranged  as  to 
indicate  that  if  the  bodies  represented  by  the  symbols 
be  brought  together  a  chemic  reaction  will  take  place. 
E.,  Personal,  an  allowance  for  individual  peculiarity 
or  error  in  an  observers  work,  in  order  to  render  it 
approximately  accurate. 

Equator  {e-kwaf -tor)  [/square,  to  make  equal].  An 
imaginary  circle  surrounding  a  sphere.  E.  of  a  cell, 
the  boundary  of  the  plane  through  which  division  takes 
place.  E.  of  the  eye,  the  aquator  oculi ;  the 
boundary-  of  the  transverse  and  central  vertical  plane 
of  the  eye.  E.  of  a  Lens,  the  angular  edge  at  the 
meeting  of  the  anterior  and  posterior  surfaces' of  the 
lens. 

Equatorial  [e-kioa-tor4 '-e-al)  [aquare,  to  make  equal]. 
Pertaining  or  belonging  to  an  equator.  E.  Plate. 
See  Karyokinesis  and  Plate. 

Equilibration  [e-que-lib-ra' -shun)  [aquilibrare,  to  bal- 
ance equally].      Equipoise  ;   even  balance. 

Equilibrism  \e-quilf -ib-rizm)  [aquilibris,  evenly  bal- 
anced]. The  opinion  that  every  voluntary  act  may  be 
counteracted  by  an  opposing  inhibitory  volition. 

Equilibrium  (e-kwe-lib'-re-um)  [aquus,  equal;  libro, 
balance].  An  even  balancing  of  a  body  or  condition. 
E.,  Stable,  when,  after  slight  disturbance,  the  body 
will  return  to  its  original  condition  or  position.  E., 
Unstable,  when  it  will  not  so  return. 

Equination  [e-kwin-a' '-shun)  [equinus,  of  ahorse].  I. 
Inoculation  with  the  virus  of  equine  smallpox.  2. 
Inoculation  with  the  virus  of  equinia. 

Equinia  {e-kwinf -e-ah)  [equus,  a  horse].  Glanders. 
Farcy.  A  contagious,  specific  disease,  with  both  local 
and  general  symptoms,  derived  from  the  horse  or  ass. 
It  affects  chiefly   the  skin,   mucous  membranes    and 


lymphatics,  and  begins  with  a  purulent  nasal  discharge, 
the  respiratory,  ocular  and  oral  membranes  being  fur- 
ther successively  involved.  It  is  of  microbic  origin. 
See  Bacillus  mallei,  in  Bacteria,  Synonymatic  Tabi 

Equinist  m-ist)  [equus,  a  horse].     One  wh 

lieves  in  1  1  of  a  disi  mus. 

Equipollent    [e  kwip*  0  lent)  [a  juu  .  equal ;  polle. 
1m-   strong].     <  M"  equal  power  or  efficiencj  ;  said, 
example,  of  opposing  muscles,  or  of  parents  in    their 
inlluem  e  upon  offspring. 

Equisetum  [ek-wis-e1 '-turn)  [equus,  a  horse  ;  sata,  bris- 
tle].     A   genus  of   cryptogamous  plant-  ;   the   hi 
tails,  or  scouring  rushes.    E.  hiemah  and  E.  palustre, 
ot  Europe  and  X.  Aim  rii  a.  are  requited  t.,  |„-  effective 
and  harmless  diurel  ii 

Equitant  [ek1 '-wit-ant)  [equitare,  to  ride].  In  biology, 
literally,  riding.  A]. plied  to  leaves,  like-  those  of  the 
iris,  which  are  vertical  and  folded  lengthwise,  so  that 
each  leaf,  toward    tl  overlaps  or  straddles  the 

1  ;  also  applied  to  the  longitudinally  folded  anten- 
na  of  certain  insei  1  s. 

Equivalence,  Equivalency  {e-kvriv'-al-ens,  e-quivf-al- 
1 11  te)  [aquus,  equal  ;  valere,  to  be  worth].  Equality 
of    valence    or    saturating  power.      See     /  In 

chemistry,  the  property  possessed  by  an  element  or 
radical  of  combining  with  another  element  or  radical 
or  of  replacing  it  in  a  compound  body  in  definite  and 
unalterable  proportions.  It  i-  sometimes  used  as  syno- 
nymous with  valence  or  quantivalen 

Equivalent   [e-kivii/ -al-ent)    [aquus,  equal ;  valere,   to 
be    worth].      Of    equal    valency.      E.    Focus. 
Poats. 

Equivocal  {e-kwiv1 '-o-kaT)  [aquus, equal ;  vox,  sound]. 
Of  doubtful  significance,  as  equivocal  symptoms. 

Eradication  (e-rad-ik-a'-shuri)  [<?,  out;  radicare,  to 
root].      Complete  or  thorough   removal. 

Eradiculose  [e-rad-ik' '-u-los)  [e,  priv.  ;  radicula,  a 
rootlet].      In  biology,  destitute  of  rootlets  or  rhizoids. 

Erasene  [er'-as-iti)  [eradere,  to  scratch  out  ;  from  the 
power  of  erasing  grease-spots].  A  trade-name  for 
California  abietene.      See  Abietene. 

Erasion  [e-raf -zhuri)  [e,  out ;  radere,  to  scrape].  The 
act  of  scraping  or  cureting. 

Erb's  Point.  See  Point.  E.  Reaction  of  degener- 
ation. Deviation  from  the  normal  formula  of  muscu- 
lar response  to  galvanism.  E.  "Upper-arm  type" 
of  palsy.  A  myotrophy  characterized  by  paralysis  of 
the  deltoid  and  often  of  the  supraspinatus  and  infra- 
spinatus, the  biceps,  brachialis  antic  us.  and  the  supin- 
ators.     See  Diseases,  Tabic  of. 

Erbium  (ur'-be-um)  [E.].  A  rare  element  ;  symbol 
Er.     See  Elements,  Table  of. 

Erdmann's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of 

Erdmann  and  Uslar's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Erect  [e-rekt* )  [erectus,  set  up].  ETpright ;  in  the  state 
of  erection.     E.  Posture.     See    Postur    .   Table  of. 

Erecthites    [e-rek-thi'-tez)    [ept  \h  -/.■/.  groundsel] 
genus   of  composite  plants.     E.  hieracifolia.      Eire- 
weed  ;   a  coarse  composite-flowered  plant  common  in 
waste-lands  in  X.  America  ;  it  is  astringent  and  tonic. 
Unof. 

Erectile  [e-rekf-HT)  [erigere,  to  set  up].  Pertaining  to 
or  possessing  the  characteristic  stiffening,  rigidity,  or 
erection.  E.  Glossitis.  See  Glossitis.  Parenchy- 
matous. E.  Tissue,  that  which  is  capable  of  erection ; 
consisting  of  a  network  of  expansile  capillaries  that 
under  stimulus  becomes  engorged  with  blood. 

Erection  [e-rek* '-shun)  [eiigere,  to  set  up].  The  con- 
dition of  temporary  and  functional  fulness  and  firm- 
ness of  the  penis,  clitoris,  etc.,  due  to  sexual  excite- 
ment, friction,  etc.,  the  mechanism  consisting  in  an 
overfilling  of  the  blood-vessels  with   inhibition  of  the 


EREC  1'  IPA  1  I  \  1 


138 


ERI  >IM  VI 


return    circulation.       E. -center.      See    Cen,    •        E., 
Persistent.     Synonym  of  Priapism,  </.  v. 
Erectopatent 

■ding].      I-  ■.  intermediate  between  ei 

.i-   the  fore  wings   of  a  butterfly  in 

Erector  reel  ].     Any  muscle, 

the  fun  aIiu-Ii  it  i-  i  r  elevate  a 

See  E.  pili,  the  unstriped  mus- 

cular fi  tion  "i   the  bair  and  the 

phcnoi:  i>>- 

Eremacausis  slowly  ; 

.    burning  >w    oxidation    or   gradual    decay, 

without  combustion. 
Eremobla^t  .solitary;    ifaurrSg, 

it].      A  unicellular  plant. 
Eremophobia  desolate; 

.  •  arl.      I  be  same  as  .  /•  v. 

Erethin  v,  to  irritate] .      The  name 

n  by  Klebs  to  that  constituent  of  tuberculin  which 

Erethism  .    Erethismus    [er-e-thiz' -mus) 

.    rritation].      An  abnormal  heightening  of 

nervous  irritability.     E.  ebriosorum.     Synonym  of 

E.  hydrophobia.     Synonym  of 

E.  tropicus.     Sec  Insolation. 

Erethismal  [er-e-thiz'-mat)  [ipedtau6q,  irritation].     Of 

:  an  erethism. 
Erethismic        t-thiz'  -mik),  or  Eretbistic  {er-e-thisr -tik) 
rritation].      Relating  to,  or  affected  with, 
erethism. 
Erg  .  work].      See  Electric  Units. 

Ergasiomania   [ur-gas-i  o-ma'-ne-ah)   [ipyaoia,  work ; 

.  madness].      Mania  for  performing  operations. 
Ergasiophobia   \ur-gas-e-o-for -be-ak)    [kpyaoia,    work; 
rj«     Timidity   in   operating.     A   dread   of 

Ergogenesis  ■■.•'  es-is)    \jtpyav,    work;   yevt 

lu<  don].  Same  as  I:>\  ogeny. 

Ergogenetic  i                  ■'  ik)   [Ipyov,  work  ;    yeveoig, 

tion].  Of  the  nature  of,  or  pertaining  to,  er- 

Ergogeny  v,  work  ;   ykveni^,  produc- 

In  biology,  the   energy,    both    potential    and 

kinetic,  involved  in  the   adaptive  processes  of  living 

■a- ;  it  includes  both  kinetogeny  and  statogeny 

Ergograph       .  [    >yov,   work;     yp&Qetv,    to 

write]       A.  recording   ergometer.     An  instrument  for 
■rding  t;  of  movement  produced  by  a  con 

trading  muscle,  or  the  amount  of   work  it  is  capable 

Ergometer  .  work  ;  uirpov,  meas- 

ure], ty  of  dynamometer. 

Ergostat  .work;   lardvcu,  to  stand]. 

ular  strength. 
Ergot,  or  Ergota  ■  } ,  |  |, .,   ergot,  & 

i.   In  farriery,  the  homy  stub 

int,  hidden  by  the  fetlock  of  the 

ninor.      j.    A    fungus, 

isitic  upon  rye.      It  contains 

nut  in,  to  which 

powerfu  itor, 

final   irritant,  but   is 

uterine    contraction    in 

:'  rnally   in  amenorrhea 

gonon 

mem 
i     prompt     by    h 

E.,  Ext.,  Fid., 

ith   dilul  fool,  and 

ij.       E.,   Ext.,    Liquid    (B.    P.). 


Dose-TOjc-xxx.    E.,Ext., — Ergotin.    Dose  gr.  ij-xx, 

hyp.i.lermatically  gr.  '4  -v.  E.,  Infus.  (1!.1\).  Dose 
3  i  ij.  Injectio  Ergotinae  Hypodermica  (B.  P.), 
otin  i,  camphor-water,  2.  Dose  subcutaneously 
n\iij-x.  E.,  Tinctura  (15.  1'.).  Dose  TH,x-5jj.  E., 
Vinum,  15  ]>er  cent.  Dose  .^j-.^j-  Sclerotinic 
Acid,  thought  to  be  identical  with  ergolinic  acid. 

Ergotin  («r/  %0  tin)  [Fr.,  ergot, a  spur].  I.  A  precip- 
itate or  extract  prepared  from  the  tincture  of  Secole 
cereaU ;  it  is  an  emmenagogue,  and  parturient,  hose 
iV,  to  J  grain,  repeated  as  may  be  needed.  I'nof. 
The  name  1-,  applied  in  commerce  to  many  different 
preparations  of  ergot  ;  often  to  the  extr actum  ergota, 
U.  S.  P.  2.  CjqHjjNjOj.  An  amorphous,  brown 
alkaloid  found  in  ergot.  It  is  probably  the  same  as 
ecbolin. 

Ergotinin  {itr-gotf-in-in)  [Fr.,  ergot,  a. spur],  t'riII4n- 
N408.  An  alkaloid  from  ergot  of  rye,  occurring  in 
white  needles ;  it  is  effective  in  hemorrhage,  in  erysip- 
elas, and  in  certain  brain-affections.  For  hypoder- 
matic injection,  c'3  to  A,  gr.  is  used,  dissolved  in  lactic 
acid  and  water. 

Ergotism  [urf-got-izm)  [Fr. ,  ergot,  a  spur].  The  con- 
stitutional effects  of  overdoses  of  ergot  or  of  the  per- 
sistent use  of  food  containing  ergot.  These  are  mani- 
fested by  severe  cramps,  chiefly  in  the  muscles  of  the 
leg,  ending  in  tonic  contraction  of  these  muscles — the 
spasmodic  form  ;  and  secondly  by  gangrene  of  the  ex- 
tremities— the  gangrenous  form.  The  symptoms  may 
be  acute  or  chronic.      See  Pellagra. 

Ergotol  [ur'-got-ol)  [Fr.,  ergot,  a  spur].  A  proprietary 
liquid  preparation  of  ergot,  recommended  for  hypo- 
dermatic injection. 

Ergten  (ergf-ten)  \kpyov,  work].      See  Electric  Units. 

Erianthous  [er-e-an' -thus)  [kpiov,  wool  ;  avdoq,  flower]. 
In  biology,   woolly-flowered. 

Erichsen's  Disease.  See  Diseases,  Eponymic  Table  of. 
E.  Operation.      See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Ericolin  [er-ik'-o-lin)  [ipe'uai,  heath],  C^H^O,,.  A 
substance  found  in  Uva  ursi.  It  is  an  amorphous, 
yellowish  glucosid  with  a  bitter  taste,  yielding  with 
diluted  acids  sugar  and  an  essential  oil — ursone. 

Erigeron  [er-ip '-er-on)  [rjptyepuv,  groundsel:  gen., 
Erigerontis].  Fleabane.  The  plant  E.  canadense, 
having  physiologic  actions  like  those  of  oil  of  turpen- 
tine, but  less  irritant.  It  is  efficient  as  a  hemostatic  in 
menorrhagia.  E.  bellidifolium  and  E.  philadel- 
phicum  afford  similar  oils,  and  have  the  same  proper- 
ties. E.,  Ol.,  the  essential  volatile  oil  of  erigeron. 
Dose  tr^x-^  ss.     Unof. 

Eringb  {er-ing/-o).     See  Eryngo. 

Eriodictyon  {er-e-o-dik'  -tc  on\  \ijimv,  wool;  Aiktvov, 
a  net].  Verba  Santa  or  Mountain  balm.  The 
leaves  of  E.  glutinosum,  a  shrub  of  California,  an 
excellent  expectorant,  and  valuable  as  an  excipient 
for  quinin,  the  taste  of  which  it  largely  conceals.  It 
is  useful  in  bronchial  affections.  E.,  Ext.  Fid. 
I  lose  n\,xv-3J.  E.,  Ext.  hose  gr.  ij— x.  E. 
tomentosum  and  E.  angustifolium  have  the  same 
uses.      The  latter  are  unofficial. 

Eriophorous  [er-e-off/-or-us)  \ipurv,  wool;  <pipnv,  to 
bear].       In  biology,   wool  bearing. 

Eriophyllous  [er-e-off f -U-us)  [ipiav,  wool;  ov'/'/uv,  a 
leaf].       In  biology,  woolly  leaved. 

Erlangen  Blue.     Same  as  Berlin  Blue. 

Erlau  Green.     Same  as   Bremen  Green. 

Erlicki's  Fluid.  A  hardening-fluid  used  especially  for 
tissues  (,|  the  central  nervous  system.  It  consists  of 
potassium  bichromate,  2.5  parts;  cupric  sulphate,  0.5 
parts  ;    water,  loo  parts. 

Erodent  [e  ro'-dent  )[e,  out  ;  rodere,togaa.vr\.  1.  Caus- 
tic; causing  erosion.    2.  A  caustic  application  or  agent. 


EROGENII 


439 


KRV  I  II  IMA 


Erogenic,  or  Erogenous  [er-o-jen' -ik  or  er-oj'-en  u  \ 
[f/>«JC,  love;  yewdv,  to  produce].  Producing  or 
stimulating  the  sexual  appetite. 

Eromania  [er  o  ma'  ne-ak).      See  Erotomania. 

Erose  (e-ros')  [erodere,  to  gnaw  off].  In  biology, 
irregularly  toothed,  as  if  gnawed. 

Erosion  (e-ro'  -2/11111)  [erosio ;  erodere,  to  eat  out]. 
Disintegration  of  tissue  by  mechanical,  chemic,  oi 
morbid  action.  E.  of  the  Cervix,  an  ulcerated 
condition  of  the  neck  of  the  womb  resulting  from 
chronic  endometritis.  It  is  also  called  ulceration  or 
granular  degeneration  of  the  cervix. 

Erostrate  (e-ros'-trat)  [e,  priv  ;  rostrum,  a  beak].  In 
biology,  not  beaked. 

Erotia  (e-ro'-she-ah)  [L.j.  A  genus  of  composite-flow- 
ered plants.  E.  lanata,  white  sage  or  winter-fat  ; 
a  composite-flowered  forage-plant  of  the  Western  U. 
S.  :    valued  locally  in  intermittent  fevers.      Unof. 

Erotic  (er-oP-ik)  [t/jwc,  love].  Pertaining  to  the  sex- 
ual passion. 

Eroticism  (er-ot'-is-izm)  [epug,  love].  An  erotic- 
disposition;   erotic  display  ;   tendency  to  erotomania. 

Eroticomania  (er-o-tik-o-mar -ne-ah)  [tpariKdc,  loving; 
fiavia,  madness].     Same  as  Erotomania. 

Erotocism  (er-ot'-o-sizm).      Same  as  Erotomania,  q.  v. 

Erotomania  [er-ot-'o-ma' '-ne-ak)  [ipug,  love ;  fiavia, 
madness].  Morbid,  abnormal  exaggeration  of  love 
generally  ;  mure  limited  to  the  imaginative  than  to  the 
carnal  aspect  of  the  sentiment;  insanely-perverted  sex- 
ual feeling.  See  Nymphomania  and  Satyriasis.  E. 
personalis.  Synonym  of  Satyriasis  and  of  Nympho- 
mania. 

Erotomaniac  (er-ot-o-ma'  -ne-ak)  \ipuq,  love ;  fiavia, 
madness].    A  patient  who  is  afflicted  with  erotomania. 

Erratic  (er-atf-ik)  [erraticus,  wandering].  Moving 
about  from  place  to  place  ;  irregular  ;  strange  or  un- 
usual ;   eccentric,  peculiar. 

Errhine  (er'-in)  [h>,in;  pig,  the  nose].  I.  Causing 
discharges  from  the  nose.  2.  A  medicine  that,  applied 
to  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  nose,  increases  nasal 
secretions.      A  sternutatory. 

Error  (er'-or)  [L. ,  "wandering"].  Displacement  or 
perversion  in  any  function;  aberration,  mental  or  optic. 

Erskine's  Method.      See  Treatment,  Methods  of. 

Erubescence  (er-K-bes'-ens)  [erubeseentia ,  blushing]. 
Redness  of  the  skin. 

Eruca  (er-oo' -kali)  [L.  ,a  caterpillar;  a  cole  wort].  A 
genus  of  cruciferous  plants.  E.  sativa,  the  garden 
rocket,  an  herb  of  Asia  and  Europe,  used  as  a  salad. 
It  is  a  stimulant  and  diuretic,  and  is  considered  to  be 
aphrodisiac  and  galactagogue.      Unof. 

Erucic  Acid  (er-oo' -sik).     See  Acid. 

Eruciform  (er  oo'-sif-orm)  [eruca,  a  caterpillar;  forma, 
form].  In  biology,  said  of  larva;,  spores,  etc.,  that 
are  shaped  like  a  caterpillar. 

Erucivorous  [er-u-siiZ-or-us)  [eruca,  a  caterpillar; 
vorare,  to  eat].  In  biology,  applied  to  birds  and  other 
animals  that  feed  upon  caterpi liars. 

Eructation  (e-ruk-ta' -shun)  \eructare,  to  belch].  Belch- 
ing. 

Erugation  [er-oo-ga' '-shun)  \erugatio ;  e,  out;  ruga, 
wrinkle].      The  removal  of  wrinkles. 

Erugatory  [er-oo* '-gat-or-e)  [(.out;  ruga,  &  wrinkle]. 
I.  Tending  to  remove  wrinkles.  2.  A  remedy  for 
wrinkles. 

Erugineous  [er-oo-jin'-e-us).     Same  as  Eruginovs, 

Eruginose  (er-oo' -jin-os).      Same  as  Eruginous. 

Eruginous  (er-oo' '-/i/ii/s)  [eeruginosus ;  cerugo,  rust]. 
Having  the  nature  or  the  color  of  verdigris. 

Erumpent  (e-rum' -pent)  \erumpere,  ti>  break  out].  In 
biology,  applied  to  parts  or  organs  that  appear  as  if 
bursting  out. 


Eruption  (e-rup'-shun)  [erumpere,  to  burst  out].  A 
bursting  forth  of  any  kind  or  from  any  part,  but  ap- 
plied especially  to  the  chief  symptom  of  certain  skin- 
diseases,  consisting  in  pimples,  vesicles,  rash,  etc.  ; 
the  breaking  forth  of  a  tooth  from  tin-  <^um. 

Eruptive    (e-rup'-tiv)    \erumpere,   to  burst    out].      At 
tended  by  an  eruption,  as  an  eruptive  fever. 

Eruthrocyte  (er-Oth'-ro-slt).  Incorrecl  form  of  Ery- 
throcyte, q.v. 

Eryngo  i<  /   ///   f-go)   [  a  thistle].      Any  plant   of 

tin-  umbelliferous  genus  Eryngium,  especially  E. 
campestro  and  E.  maritin.um  of  Europe.  These 
plants,  with  others  of  the  genus,  were  formerly  made 
into    sweetmeats,    and    wen-    regard  ilychrest 

remedies,  but  were  especially  prized  as  aphrodisiacs. 
Unof. 

Erysipelas  (<■/  -is-ip/-el-as)  \ipv/bpb\,  red;  -i'/'/n.  skin]. 
An  a<  ute,  specific,  constitutional  i>  brile  disease,  with  a 
peculiar  redness  and  inflammation  of  the  skin  and 
subcutaneous  tissue,  generally  of  the  face.  It  is  due 
to  streptococci.  The  period  of  incubation  varies  from 
a  few  hnur>  to  three  or  four  days.  The  symptoms  are 
an  initial  chill  or  rigor,  malaise,  high  temperature, 
vomiting  or  nausea,  and  the  characteristic  rash,  with 
a  well-defined  margin,  upon  the  skin.  It  may  termin- 
ate fatally.  Albumin  may  appear  in  the  urine.  At 
the  conclusion  of  the  attack  desquamation  takes  place, 
either  branny  or  in  flakes.  The  development  of  ery- 
sipelas is  favored  by  filth,  over-crowding,  and  defective 
ventilation.  One  attack  rather  predisposes  to  subse- 
quent attacks.  E.  carbunculosum.  Synonym  of 
Anthrax.  E.  malignum  internum,  an  acute,  sup- 
purative, rapidly  spreading  inflammation  of  cellular 
tissue  beginning  in  the  pelvis  after  parturition.  It  is 
one  form  of  puerperal  fever.  It  is  usually  rapidly 
fatal.  Antisepsis  properly  applied  at  the  time  of 
delivery  will  prevent  its  occurrence.  E.  migrans, 
wandering  erysipelas.  E.  phlegmonodes,  a  form  of 
erysipelas  in  which  there  is  pus-formation,  with  marked 
constitutional  symptoms.  E.,  Recurrent,  pseudo-ery- 
sipelas, a  frequent  disease  in  strumous  children,  but  oc- 
curring also  in  adults,  and  especially  in  women.  It  is 
entirely  confined  to  the  face,  especially  around  the  nose 
and  upper  lip,  and  is  unattended  with  marked  consti- 
tutional symptoms.  It  is  not  amenable  to  treatment, 
and  is  very  prone  to  recur.  E.  simplex,  the  ordinary 
facial  form  of  erysipelas.  E.  suffusum.  Synonym 
of  Erythema.  E.,  Wandering,  a  chronic  or  sub- 
chronic  form  in  which  the  process  successively  disap- 
pears from  one  part  of  the  body  to  appear  at  another 
part. 

Erysipelatous  (er-is-ip-el'-at-u  s)  [  .    red;    -///«, 

skin].      Of  the  nature  of  or  affected  with  erysipelas. 

Erysipeloid     (er-is-ip-el' -oid)     [■  red;     ->//«, 

skin ;  eifioc,  likeness].  A  peculiar  affection  of  the 
palms  of  the  hands  or  soles  of  the  feet,  characterized 
by  zones  of  violaceous-red  eruption  with  burning  and 
itching  ;   it  is  due  to  wound -infection. 

Erythanthema  [er-ith-an' -the-mak)  [rpvdpoc,  red; 
avHijua,  a  flowing],  A  skin-disease  marked  by  red- 
ness. The  term  is  variously  applied  by  some  to  denote 
an  eruptive  disease  depending  upon  vaso-motor.  or 
other  nervous  disorder.  It  is  used  to  designate  a  class 
of  cutaneous  efflorescences  that  have  in  common  a 
basis  of  erythema. 

Erythema  (er:ith  e/-mah)  ['Ept'fty^a,  a  blush].  Rose 
rash  :  a  redness  of  the  skin  that  may  be  made  to  dis- 
appear temporarily  by  pressure.  E.  ab  igne,  a  form 
of  E.  hyperrmicum  produced  by  the  constant  irrita- 
tion of  artificial  heat.  It  occurs  as  rings  and  gyrate 
patterns  on  the  front  of  the  legs,  and  is  of  a  deep-red 
color,  gradually  becoming  browner  in   tint.      This  pig- 


ERYl'Ill  M  \ 


lltl 


ERYTHRASMA 


mentation  is  permanent     E.  annulare,  .1  form  of  /•'. 
.:>  which  the  trink  and  desquamate 

.it  the  center,  but  continue  to  extend  al  the  peripfa 

:i'n. 
may  wanderoverthe  entire  body,  inters 
id  formi  figures  «  iilt  1  1 

nally  new   rm^ 

rms 

an  :  -line 

E.    bullosum  tm.      E. 

circinatum.      S  E.  congestivum, 

it  the  ski ii ;  the 

iim  it  or  in- 

tnt  in  the  and  the  tint  of  red- 

1  purple 
hue.      E.    endemicum.      3  E.,   Epi- 

demic. E    exudativum.  an  acuti 

skin-disease, 
i    by  the   development   of  symmetrically 

5,    usually  dis- 
reatly  in  form  and  size,  accompanied 

ious  hemor- 

skin,    occasionally    terminating    as 

i  specially  liable  to  relapse.     This 

ma.  tutional  rheumatic  symp- 

E.  figuratum,  1-  marked   by  efflorescence  in 

E.  fugax,  a  variety  of  E.  hyperamicum  ; 

it  c  a  transitory  redness  of  a  patchy  charac- 

m  the  face  ami  trunk  of  young 
individual-  and  gradually  disappearing  in  a  few  min- 
utes It  1-  frequently  associated  with  indi- 
etc.      E.  furfuracea.     Synonym   of 
E.  gangraenosum,  a  term  applied 
•    of   superficial    gangrene    or 
ulo                       lictly  in  hysterical  women.     They  are 
undoubl                  induced,  and  are  asymmetric,  usually 

-ily  accessible  positions. 

E.  gyratum.     3  inulare.     E.  hyperaemicum. 

um.     E.  induratum,  a  variety  of  E. 

g  the  calf,  or  the  leg  immediately 

below,    mor  ntly  than  the   front  of  the  legs. 

It  ither  in  diffuse,  ill-defined  patches  or  in 

it   first  but  gradually  assuming  a 

nodules  may  be   superficial  or  d< 

hi  inch  or  more  in  diameter, 

I,  on      rosi    tnd  dough  out, 

•    .      r.     The  condition  is  most 

a  in  strumous  individuals.    E.  intertrigo,  inter- 

:  a   chronic   form   of  E.   hy- 

ting  froi  rubbing  to- 

in.      It  is  common  in  infants  and 

E.    iris.  annulare. 

E.   keratodes,  a  diffuse    condition  of  tylosis  of   the 

E.  leve,  a  common  skin-affection,  a 

tm,  likely  the 

'1  parts.       It  may  go  on  to  derma 

E.  marginatum,  an  infrequent 

.  which  generally  begi 
1  df  an  inch  in  di 

.  subsiding  paripa 

.  and  in 

■inference  of  a  limb,  or 

;  iwn-colored  pig- 

v  disapp<    1         E.   multiforme, 

rtivum,  common 

m  %  specially 

iption    t  ars 

alm     '  the   hands  and   t 

'"'"  l-i       .ere 

iucous  mem- 
■     ■ 
ply  defin  |  or 


purplish  in  color,  varying  in  size  from  a  pin's  head  up, 
partially  disappearing  on  pressure.  This  is  the  com 
monesl  form  1  E.  papulatum).  If  the  papules  coalesce 
to  form  larger  lesions  the  condition  1-  described  as  E. 
tuberculatum.  E.  nodosum,  dermatitis  contusiformis  . 
a  further  development  of  /•.'.  tuberculatum.  Multiple 
Idom  more  than  a  dozen)  raised,  rosy  patches, 
round  or  oval   in  the  direction  of  the  limb,  from  one 

half  to  tiller  inches  in  diameter,  suddenly  develop 
along  both  tibiae,  and  often  along  the  ulnar  side  of  the 
forearms.  They  are  exquisitely  tender,  tense  and  shin- 
ing. The  condition  chiefly  occurs  in  children  and  deli 
cate  young  women.  See  Bacillus  of  Demme  under  Bac- 
teria, Synonymatic  Table  of .  E.  papulatum.  "see/-.. 
multiforme.  E.  paratrimma,  the  erythema  that  ap- 
pears over  a  bony  prominence,  etc.,  immediately  before 
the  formation  of  a  bed-sore.  It  is  a  variety  of  E. 
hyperamicum.  E.  pellagrosum.  A  synonym  of 
Pellagra.  E.  pernio.  See  Pernio.  E.  polymorphe. 
E.  multiforme.  E.  purpuricum,  Purpura throm- 
botica  ;  a  variety  of  erythema  resembling  Peliosis 
rkeumatica,  but  characterized  by  its  erythematous  ap- 
pearance and  the  absence  of  alteration  by  pressure.  It 
is  attended  with  no  general  symptoms,  or  with  slight 
pains  in  some  of  the  joints,  or  with  edema  of  the  lee>. 
E.  roseola,  a  variety  of  /;'.  hyperamicum  :  it  consists 
in  the  development  of  congestive  patches  of  a  delicate 
rose-color,  scarcely  raised  above  the  surface  of  the 
skin,  varying  in  size  from  a  split-pea  to  a  finger- 
nail, and  either  diffused  over  the  whole  surface  of  the 
body  or  in  figured  groups.  It  is  common  in  young 
children  in  association  with  digestive  troubles.  Its 
different  stages  have  been  called  Roseola  infantilis, 
aestivalis,  autumnalis,  annulata,  but  these  terms  are 
not  now  generally  used.  E.  scarlatiniforme,  a 
variety  of  E.  hypercEtnicum  ;  it  appears  as  a  vivid, 
punctiform  eruption,  sharply  defined  in  places,  attended 
with  high  temperature,  often  seen  after  injuries  or  sur- 
gical operations.  It  is  followed  by  furfuraceous  des- 
quamation. E.  scarlatiniforme  desquamativum, 
a  more  pronounced  form  of  E.  scarlatiniforme,  with  a 
greater  tendency  to  be  diffuse  instead  of  punctiform, 
of  longer  duration,  and  with  a  great  liability  to  recur  at 
certain  seasons.  The  mucous  membranes  are  often  in- 
volved and  desquamation  occurs  in  large  flakes.  E. 
simplex,  a  variety  of  E.  hyperamicum  :  characteri/rl 
by  a  congestive  redness  of  moderate  intensity.  It 
appears  as  diffuse  or  circumscribed,  variously-sized 
lesions,  which  are  usually  not  raised  above  the  integ 
ument.  It  may  be  idiopathic  or  symptomatic;  ami 
if  the  latter,  brought  about  by  a  great  number  of 
external  irritants,  including  heat  and  cold,  etc.  E. 
solare,  /;'.  simplex  due  to  the  heat  of  the  sun.  E. 
tuberculatum.  See  E.  multiforme.  E.  tuberosum. 
Same  as  /.'.  tuberculatum.  E.  urticans,  the  early  or 
pink  stage  of  the  urticarial  wheal.  It  is  a  variety 
of  /■'..  hyperamicum.  E.  vesiculosum,  the  occur- 
rence of  vesication  in  the  progress  of  A',  multiforme. 
If  the  bleb-  are  large  the  condition  is  termed  /■'.. 
bullosum. 

Erythematous  [er-ith-em'-at-us)  [epWqfia,  a  blush]. 
<  <f  the  nature  of  erythema. 

Erythemoid  (er-itA-em/ -oid ) ,  Erythematoid  {er-ith- 
emf-at-oid)  [ipi>(h)/ia,  erythema ;  eMoc,  resemblance]. 
Resembling  erythema. 

Erythrasma  (er-ith-raz/-mah)  [ipv9p6g,  red],  A  rare 
disease  of  the  skin,  always  attacking  the  axillae  or  in- 
guinal regions,  or  the  nates.  It  forms  reddish  or 
brownish,  sharply  defined,  slightly  raised,  desquamat- 
ing patches,  that  cause  no  itching  or  inconvenience. 
It  is  due  to  the  microdrganism,  Microsporon  minutis- 
simum,  and   is  readily  curable. 


ERYTHREMELALGIA 


441 


KKYTIIki  >XYL<  »\ 


Erythremelalgia  [er-ith- rem-el-al'-Je-ah).  See  Ery- 
tkromelalgia. 

Erythremia  [er-ith-re' '-me '-ah)  [ipvdpdg,  red  ;  alfia, 
blood].  I.  The  normal  condition  of  the  arterial 
Mood.     2.   Arterial  blood  in  the  veins. 

Erythrin  [er'-ith-riu)  [.•'/""/»";,  red],  ( ',,,1  l,.<  »,„.  An 
ether-like  derivative  of  orsellinic  acid.  It  occurs  in 
the  lichen  Roccella  fusciformis,  and  is  extracted  from 
it  by  means  of  milk  of  lime  It  crystallizes  with  i]/z 
molecules  of  water  and  is  soluble  with  difficulty  in  hot 
water.  Kxposure  to  the  air  causes  it  to  assume  a  red 
color. 

Erythrina  [er-it k-ri'-nuh)  \ipvdp6g,  red].  A  genus  of 
leguminous  trees,  shrubs  and  herbs,  of  some  25 
three  or  more  of  which  grow  in  the  U.  S.  E.  coral- 
lodendron,  coral  tree  of  tropical  America,  is  sedative, 
hypnotic,  diuretic,  purgative,  vermifuge  and  pectoral. 
(  Hher  specie^  have  similar  properties.      Unof. 

Erythrine  [er' '-ith-rin)  [epvBp6g,  red].      Red. 

Erythrism  [er4 '-ith-rizm)  [epvOpbg,  red].  In  biology, 
applied  to  conditions  of  dichromatism  in  which  the 
normal  colors  of  the  integument  are  affected  by  an 
excess  ot  red  pigment,  as  often  shown  in  the  plumage 
of  a  bird. 

Erythrite  (er'-ith -nt ).     See  Erythrol. 

Erythroblast  (er-ith' -ro-b/ast)  [ipvdpdg ,  red  ;  ftAaordq , 
germ].      Ar rudimentary  red  blood-corpuscle. 

Erythrocarpus  ( er-ith' '-ro-kar1 '-pus )  [ipvdpdg,  red  ; 
KapTTuc,  fruit].      In  biology,  reel- fruited. 

Erythrochloropia  (er-ith' '-ro-klo-ro' '-pe-ah)  [kpvdpor, 
red;  ;fAwp<5c,  green  ;  <Ji/>,  eye].  A  form  of  subnormal 
color-perception  in  which  green  and  red  are  the  only 
colors  correctly  distinguished. 

Erythrochloropy  [er-ith' -ro-klor'-o-pe)  [ipvdpdg,  red; 
X/.upog,  green].  Ability  to  distinguish  red  and  green 
colors  only. 

Erythrocruorin  [er-ith' '-ro-kru' '-or-iri)  [ipvdpdg,  red; 
cruor,  blood].      Same  as  Hemoglobin. 

Erythrocyte  [er-ith1 '-ro-sit)  [ipvdpdg,  red;   kitoc,  cell] 
A  red  blood-corpuscle. 

Erythrocytosis  [er-ith1 '-ro-si-to> '-sis)  [ipvdpdg,  red ;  kvtoq, 
cell].      The  formation  of  red  blood-corpuscles. 

Erythrodermia  [er-ith' -ro-der'-me-ah)  [ipvdpdg,  red; 
Sipua,  skin].      Abnormal  redness  of  the  skin. 

Erythrodermas  [er-ith' -ro-der-mi'-tis)  [epvdpdg,  red; 
dipua,  skin;  trig,  inflammation].  A  chromoder- 
matosis  characterized  by  erythema  and  superficial 
dermatitis. 

Erythrodextrin  [er-ith' -ro-deks' -trin\  [ipvdpdg,  red; 
dexter,  right].  A  dextrin  formed  by  the  action  of 
saliva  on  starch.      It  yields  a  red  color  with  iodin.  . 

.'R.rythrpgpn  [er-ith' '-ro-jen)  [ipvdpdg,  red;  yevvav,  to 
produce].  A  green  substance  that  has  been  found  in 
unhealthy  bile,  and  which  (apparently  without  good 
reason)  has  been  regarded  as  "  the  base  of  the  color- 
ing-matter of  the  blood." 

Erythroglucin  [er-ith-ro-glu'-sin).     See  Erythrol. 

Erythrogranulose  [er-ith-ro-gran' -u-los)  [ipvBpdg,  red; 
granulum,  a  little  grain].  A  granular  substance, 
found  in  starch-grains,  coloring  red  with  iodin. 

Erythroid  [er' -ith-roid)  [epvdpdg,  red;  eldog,  re- 
semblance].     Reddish;   of  a  red  color. 

Erythrol  [er'-ith-rol)  [ipvtipdc,  red],  C4H10O4.  Uso 
called  Erythroglucin,  Erythrite  or  Phycite.  A  princi- 
ple which  exists  as  erythrin  (orsellinate  of  erythrite)  in 
many  lichens  and  some  alg;e.  It  forms  large  quadratic 
crystals  that  dissolve-  readily  in  water,  with  difficulty 
in  alcohol,  and  are  insoluble  in  ether.  It  is  a  poly- 
hydric  alcohol  with  a  sweet  taste  melting  at  I2b°  C. 
and  boiling  at  3300  C. 

Erythrolein  [er-ith-ro* '-le-in)  [ipvdpdg,  red  ;  oleum,  oil], 
C^H^O,^       A    fatty    liquid    compound    contained    in 


litmus.      It  is  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  and  alka 
and  in  dyeing  yields  a  purple  color 

Erythrolitmin  [er-ith-ro-lW -min)  [ipvdpdg,  red;  Dan., 
lac,  lac;  moes,  pulp],  1  ,  I  1  '  I ...  A  red  coloring- 
matter  obtained  from  litmus;  it  is  crystalline  and 
soluble  in   alcohol. 

Erythromelalgia  [er-ith-ro  mel-al' -je-ah)  [kpvfi 
red;  "'/or,  limb;  "/,'»,  pain].  Red  neuralgia; 
terminal  neuritis.  A  variety  of  chronic  dermatalgia 
characterized  by  burning  and  then  aching  pain  of  a 
part,  usually  one  or  more  extremities,  intensified  by 
warmth  and  accompanied  by  flushing  and  local  fever. 

Erythrophage    [er-ith' -ro-faj)    [kpvtip6g,   red; 

to    eat].      Any    one    ol    the    phagocytic    cells    which, 
lying  about  a  hemorrhagic  area,  take  up  the  pign 
of    the    blood    or    even    red-corpuscles.      They    are 
remarkable  for  their  brilliant  color  (red  to  golden). 

Erythrophlein  [er-ith-rof -le-in)  [ipvdpdg,  red  ; 
bark],     A  poisonous  alkaloid  from  Casca  bark. 

Erythrophleum  |  «  ith-ro-flc'-ioii         Si       Casca    Bark. 

Erythrophobe   [er-ith' -ro-fob)  [ipvdpdg,  red  ;  ' 
fear].      One  fearing  or  disliking  red  color>. 

Erythrophobia      [er-ith-ro-fo1 '-be-ah)      [>'.■  red; 

in, -Inc.  fear].  Morbid  intolerance  of  red  colors: 
sometimes  observed  after  operations  for  cataract. 

Erythrophyl  [er-ith' -ro-fil)  [epvdpdg,  red;  QvWKov, 
leaf].  In  biology,  a  red  coloring-matter  found  in 
autumn  leaves,  ripe  fruits,  etc.  It  is  also  called  Phyl- 
lerythrin  and  Phyterythrin. 

Erythropia  (er-ith-ro' pe-ah)  [  .vision]. 

A  condition  in  which  objects  appear  as  if  colored  red. 

Erythropsia    [er-ith-rop' -se-ah)    [ipvdpdg,    red ; 

vision].      An  abnormality  of  vision  in  which  all  ob- 
jects appear  red ;   red  vision  ;   it  has  been  observed  in 
alcoholic  ataxia  with  optic  atrophy,  after  subcutan 
injections  of  strychnin. 

Erythropsin      [er-ith-rop' -sin)     [epvdpdg,      red;      wi/', 
vision].      An  organic  substance  of  the  retina.      In  the 
presence  of  light  it  is  believed  to  form  different  com 
binations,  constituting  color-perception.      It  is  called 
visual  purple  and  Rhodopsin,  q.  v. 

Erythrorhetin  [er-ith-ro-ref -in)  [epvdpdg,  red;  peric//, 
resin],  C,JI,,.<  >u.      The  red  resin  of  rhubarb. 

Erythrose  [er'-ith-ros)  [epvdpdg,  red],  C4H8<  >,.  Tetrose. 
A  substance  derived  from  erythrol.  It  is  probably  a 
mixture  of  an  aldose  and  a  ketose.  It  is  next  to  the 
lowest  glucose.      See  Carbohydrates,   Tab.' 

Erythrosin  [er'-ith-ro-sin)   [ipvdpdg,  red],  C30H18N2<  >,.,• 
A  compound  produced  by  the  action  of  HNi  > ,  on  tyro 
sin.      It  is  used  as  a  coloring-matter.      See  Pigm 
Conspectus  of. 

Erythrosis  [er-ith-ro' -sis)  [ipvdpdg,  red].  Arterial  pleth- 
ora, or  the  redness  of  the  skin  due  to  it. 

Erythroxylin  [er-ith-roks' -il-in)  [epvdpdg,  red;  fwAov, 
wood].  A  precipitate  from  the  tincture  of  Erythroxy- 
lon  coca.  It  is  a  nervine  and  stimulant.  Dose  '4  to 
I  grain.      Unof. 

Erythroxylon  [er-ith-roks' -il-on)  [epvdpdg;  red;  ir/nr, 
wood:  gen.  ,Erythroxyli\.  Coca,  Cuca.  The  leave-, 
of  E.  coca,  a  shrub  indigenous  to  the  Andes.  (Not  to 
be  confounded  with  cooa.)  It  contains  an  alkaloid, 
Cocain,  C17H.,,N<  >,.  .,  to  which   its  properties  are 

mainly  due.  It  is  an  aromatic  tonic  and  cerebral  stimu- 
lant, developing  a  remarkable  power  ot  enduring 
hunger  and  fatigue.  Large  doses  cause  hallucinations. 
It-  effects  are  similar  to  those  of  coffee,  but  are  more 
intense.  It  is  much  used  by  the  natives  for  sustenance 
during  long  journeys.  The  leaves,  smoked,  are  bene- 
ficial in  hay-fever.  E.  coca  (R.  P.).  Dose  gr.  ij- 
xv.  E.,  Ext.,  Fid.  Dose  ^  ss-ij.  Extractum 
Cocae  Liquid  (R.  P.).  Dose  5  ss-ij.  Wines  and 
elixirs  of  coca  are  numerous. 


KRVllIKl  KIA 


142 


ESOPHAGI  S 


Erythruria 

uriiif]  reddish  urine.     Hematuria . 

Esbach's  Test. 
Eschar   («/>  ibj.       Fhe   slough    or 

i  following  cauterization,  bun 
Escharodermhih  »cab; 

ua,  >kin  ;     -    .   inflammation].     A  skin  inflamma- 
tion marked  b)  the  I  iars. 
Escharosis                                      «"f]-     Theformation 

Escharotic  i     <  laustic  ; 

\  substance  thai, 
luces  .m  eschar.     A  caustic. 
Eschcl  Blue. 
Escherich,  Bacillus   of.     -  ia,   Synonymatic 

ika'a  Test. 

Eschomelia  worst; 

\.  monstrosity  in  which  there  is  a  defective 
Inn 

jhricht's  Yellow  Canals.     See  Canals. 
Eschrolalia  ,       ,    shameful; 

■.'/,/. 
Eschromythesis  o-mi-the' -sis)    [aloxptg,    base; 

alter].    The  utterance  of  obscene  language 
itients. 
Eschscholtzia    [e  h-sh  /  [after   Eschscholtz,   a 

ist].      A  genus  of  papaveraceous  herbs. 
E.  californica,  California  l'oppy,  a  plant  growing  in 
ia.  is  recommended  as  an  excellent  and  harm- 
ic  and  analgesic.     Dose  of  the  fluid  ex- 
tract, n\xv-xxx.      L'nof. 
Esculapian  in)  [jEsculapius,  the  god  <.f 

medicine],      t.   Medical;  pertaining  to  medicine.     2. 
Kin. 
Esculetin  \_.Eseulus,  the  Italian  oak], 

instance   present   in  the   bark   of  the 
.ut.  partly  free,  and  partly  as  the  gluco 
,    ..  from  which  it  is  prepared  by  decomposition 
with  acids  >>r  ferments.     It  crystallizes  with  a  mole- 
cule of  water  in  line  needles  or  leaflets. 
Esculin      [est-ku-lin)     [./•... 7 ',7,    the     Italian     oak], 
\   glucosid  contained  in  the  bark  of  the 
hoi  hippocastanum.    It  crystallizes 

■     1  '.  II  .<  ),  and  melts  when  anhy- 
flr  luble  with  difficulty  in  water 

ilol. 

Eser:n  in    [Esere,  native  name  of  the   plant  or 

A    poisonous  alkaloid   derived 
It  is  chiefly  used  to  produce 
ion,  etc. 
Esiphonal  [. ,   priv.  ;     uUpuv,    a     tube]. 

II  as  cei  tain  shells  ;  asiphon 

Esmarch's  Bandage,  or  Apparatus.   An  elastic  rubber 
i  limb  to  be  amputated,  in  order 
•  it  by  the  pressure  of  progres- 
sing about  the   lim!)  toward  the 
trun'r..     E.'s  Operation.     See    Op      Hon  ,  Table  of. 
s  Paste.  !    ,f  one  part  each 

I  sulphate  of  morphin,  eight  parts 
gum   arabic.      E.'s 
Tubes,  test  tub  1  thin  layer  of  gelatin  for 

Esmarchin^  march,  a  German 

i  :  :■  md 

11  mber. 
Baocolitia  rithin  ;  k6Xov,  colon]. 

:   the  mu  ibrane  of  the  colon  ; 

Itxm  ■/,   skin].      In 

the  ental  sur- 


Esodic  (e-sod'-ik)  [ec,  into;  <Wdo,  way].  Afferent  or 
centripetal  ;  conveying  impressions  toward  the  central 
nervous  system  -applied  to  certain  nerves  and  nerve- 
filaments. 

Esoenteritis  [es-o-en-ter-i1 '-lis)  \iaut  inward  ;  evrepov, 
bowel  ;  trig,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  intestines. 

Esogastritis    [es-o-gas-tri' -/is)     \kati,  inward;    yao 
belly;   enc,  inflammation].     Inflammation  of  the   mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  stomach. 

Esogenetic    1  ik)    \kou,    within ;    yewav,  to 

produce].       Produced  or   arising  within   the  organism. 

Esophagalgia  {e-sof-ag-alf-je-ah)  [oiootj>u)<>c,  esopha- 
gus;  iXyog,  pain].      Pain  in  the  esophagus. 

Esophageal   [e-sof-aj'-e-al  or  e-sof-aj-e' -al)   [oirro^ayof, 
iphagus].    Pertaining  or  belonging  to  the  esophagus. 
E.  Glands.     See  Gland.     E.  Plexus.     See  /'/. 

Esophagectomy  {e-sof-aj-ek' -to-me)  [o'iao(pdyog,  esoph- 
agus ;  kurofii],  a  cutting  out].  Extirpation  of  cancer 
of  the  gullet  with  resection  of  the  walls  of  the  organ. 

Esophagectopy  (e-sof-aj-ek'-to-pe)  \_i>'tat><l>ayoc,  esoph- 
agus; kuTonoi;,  away  from  a  place].  Displacement  of 
the  esophagus. 

Esophagism  (e-sof'-aj-izm),  Esophagismus  (e-sof - 
aj  i;' -nuts)  [oiooyayoq ,  esophagus].  Spasmodic  con- 
traction of  the  esophagus. 

Esophagitis  (e-sofaj-i'-u's)  [otcro^dyor/,  esophagus  ;  trie, 
inflammation].      Inflammation  of  the  esophagus. 

Esophagocele  (e-sof /-aj-o-sel)  [olaoyayoq,  esophagus  ; 
K///I/,  hernia] .  An  abnormal  distention  of  a  portion 
of  the  esophagus  or  of  the  entire  tube  ;  hence  it  may 
be  general,  annular,  or  pouched. 

Esophagodynia  (e-sof- aj-o-dinr-e-ah)  [o'taofdyot;,  esoph- 
agus ;   bdvvrj,  pain].      Same  as  Esophagalgia. 

Esophagomalacia  (e-sof-aj-o-mal-a' '-se-ah)  [otaoipayug , 
esophagus  ;  /mXania,  softness].  Morbid  softening  of 
the  esophagus. 

Esophagomycosis  (e-sofai-o-mi-ko'-sis)  [alanix)  o<  . 
esophagus  ;  /"'«/?,  a  fungus].  Mycotic  disease  of  the 
esophagus. 

Esophagopathy  (e-snf-aj-op'-a/h-e)  [oicroiidyoc,  esoph- 
agus ;  ndttog,  disease].   Any  disease  of  the  esophagus. 

Esophagoplegia  ye-sof-nj-o-ple'  -je-ah)  \tnootydyoc , 
esophagus;  T7.riyr),  a  stroke].  Paralysis  of  the  esoph- 
agus. 

Esophagorrhagia  (e-sof-aj-or-a'  -je-ah)  [o'icmQdyoc, 
esophagus  ;  pr/yvbvai,  to  break  forth].  Hemorrhage 
from  the  esophagus. 

Esophagoscope  (e-sof-aj'-o-skop)  [oirropdyoc ,  esoph- 
agus;  ckotteIv,  to  view].  An  instrument  for  examin- 
ing the  interior  of  the  esophagus  by  artificial  light. 

Esophagoscopy  (e-sof-aj-os' '-ko-pe')  [(Hootyayog ,  esoph- 
agus; (jKoneiv,  to  view].  Examination  of  the  interior 
of  the  esophagus. 

Esophagospasm  (e-sof '-aj-o-spazm).  See  Esophagis- 
mus. 

Esophagostenosis     (e-sof-aj-o-ste-no' '-sis)     [dujofyi 
esophagus ;  CTevuoiq,  constriction].   Constriction  of  the 
esophagus. 

Esophagostomy  (e-sof -aj-os' -to-me)  [olao<f>dyoc,  esoph- 
agus; c-mia,  mouth].  The  formation  of  an  artificial 
opening  in  the  esophagus. 

Esophagotome  (e-sof-af '-o-tdm)  \jnno<pdyog,  esophagus  ; 
rlpveiv,  to  cut].  An  instrument  devised  for  cutting 
into  the  esophagus. 

Esophagotomy  (e-sof  aj-of '-o-mr)  [i>'ino(pdyoc,  esoph- 
agus ;  TOftf],  a  cutting],  <  ipening  of  the  esophagus 
by  an  external  incision. 

Esophagus    (e-sof ' -ag- us)   [cJ/yim',  niaeiv,  to  carry  ;   <>"- 
to  eat].      The  gullet.     The  musculo  membranous 
canal,  about  nine  inches  in  length,  extending  from  the 
pharynx  to  the  stomach. 


LSI  iI'lloRIA 


443 


ES'l  LANDER'S    ME']  Hub 


~r~r 


Esophoria  (es-o-fo'-re-ah)  \_kau,  inward;  ipopeiv,  to  bear]. 
See  Heterophoria. 

Esorhinus  [es-or-in' '-us)  \elau,  within  ;  ft'g,  nose],     I  ,is 
sauer's  term   for  a  skull   in  which  the  angle  formed 
between  the  lines  running  from  the  premaxillary  point 
and  the  incisive  foramen   to  the  naso-frontal   point  is 
between  o°  and  20°. 

Esoteric  (e-so-ter* -ik)  [eourepds,  within  ;  kaurepiKdg,  se- 
cret, mysterious].     Arising  within  the  organism. 

Esotropia  (e-so-tro* '-pe-ah)  [tea,  inward;  Tpeireiv,  to 
turn].     (Convergent  strabismus.     See  Strabismus. 

Essence  {es'-ens)  [essentia,  essence"],  i.  That  quality 
of  a  thing  giving  it  peculiarity  of  power.  2.  The  pe- 
culiar qualities  of  a  drug  extracted  and  reduced  to  a 
small  compass.  3.  A  solution  of  an  essential  oil  in 
alcohol. 

Essential  (es-en' '-shal)  [essentia,  essence].  Pertaining 
to  the  essence  of  a  substance.  Pertaining  to  the  pecu- 
liar and  distinctive  characteristic  of  a  disease.  E. 
Oils  ;  the  essential  or  volatile  oils  (attars)  are  found 
extensively  distributed  throughout  the  vegetable  king- 
dom. They  occur  in  almost  all  parts  of  the  plants 
except  the  cotyledons  of  the  seeds.  They 
impart  the  peculiar  and  characteristic 
odors  to  the  plants,  furnish  the  perfumes, 
spices,  and  aromatics,  and  many  of  them 
possess  valuable  medicinal  properties. 
Chemically,  essential  oils  are  often  divi- 
ded roughly  into  three  classes, — oils  com- 
posed of  hydrocarbons  only,  oils  contain- 
ing hydrocarbons  mixed  with  oxygenated 
products,  and  oils  containing  sulphur 
compounds.  A  more  exact,  but  still 
quite  general,  chemic  division  is  the 
following:  I.  Oils  consisting  chiefly  of  terpenes 
(C10H]fi)  and  oxidized  products  allied  thereto;  exam- 
ples, oil  of  turpentine,  oil  of  lemon,  oil  of  camphor. 
2.  Oils  consisting  chiefly  of  cedrenes  (C15H24)  and 
oxidized  products  allied  thereto;  examples,  oil  of 
cedar,  oil  of  cubebs,  oil  of  cloves.  3.  Oils  consisting 
chiefly  of  aromatic  aldehyds  and  allied  bodies  ;  exam- 
ples, oil  of  bitter  almonds,  oil  of  cinnamon.  4.  Oils 
consisting  chiefly  of  ethereal  salts.  These  may  be 
either  (a)  oxygen  salts,  as  in  oil  of  wintergreen,  or  (/') 
sulphur  salts,  as  in  oil  of  mustard,  oil  of  garlic.  E. 
Paralysis,  paralysis  without  characteristic  anatomic 
lesions. 

Ester  (es-ter).  Any  compound  ether  in  which  both  an 
alcohol  radical  and  an  acid  radical  are  present.  E. 
Halogen,  a  derivative  of  the  alcohols,  obtained  by 
heating  them  with  the  hydrogen  haloids,  or  with 
the  halogen  derivatives  of  phosphorus.  E.  Haloid, 
also  called  alkylogen  ;  any  product  of  the  action  of  the 
halogen  hydrid  on  the  alcohols.  The  haloid  esters 
are  perfectly  analogous  to  the  true  esters  produced  by 
the  action  of  alcohols  and  oxygen  acids. 

Esthacyte  (es'-tkas-tt)  [aicOdveodai,  to  perceive  ;  kvtoq, 
a  cell].  In  biology,  one  of  the  sense-cells  of  a  sponge, 
granular,  spindle-shaped,  bearing  palpocils. 

Esthematology  (es-them-at-ol'  -o-je)  \aiaBrpia,  a  percep- 
tion ;  Aoyog,  science].  The  science  of  the  sensations 
and  of  the  sense-apparatus. 

Esthesia  (es-the' '-ze-ah)[aiaftr/(7ic ,  sensation].  I.  Capacity 
of  perception;  feeling,  or  sensation.  2.  Any  nervous 
disease  that  affects  the  senses  or  perceptions. 

Esthesin  [es7 -thes-in)  [aicHf/nn;,  sensibility],  C.^-H^- 
N03.  A  feebly  basic  body,  said  by  Thudichum  to  be 
obtainable  from  brain-tissue. 

Esthesiodermia  (es-the-ze-o-der' '•me-ah)  [aZofltftrac,  sen- 
sation ;  dippa,  skin].  An  affection  of  the  skin  with 
disturbance  of  the  sensory  function,  which  may  be 
decreased,  increased,  or  abolished. 


Esthesiogen     (es-the' -ze-o-jen)     [ruaflr/oir,    sensation  ; 
vav,  to  produce].      Any  material,  as  a  metal,  which 

in  certain  states  of  the  body  appears  to  have  a  specific 

effect  upon  the  sensibility  of  the  patient. 
Esthesiogenic  (ei  the-ze-o-jen'-ik)  [alodqou  .  sensation  ; 

yevvav,  to  produce].      Relating   to  the    production  of 

sensations. 
Esthesiogeny   [es-lhe-ze-of -en-e)    [aiodr/aig,   sensation; 

yewao,  to  produce].      The  production  of  altered  or 

perverted  sensations. 
Esthesiography    (es-the-ze-og* '-ra-fe)   [aicttr/mr,   sensa 

tion  ;  -//""•    i  ,  to  write].      A  description  of  the  organs 

of  sensation  and  perception. 
Esthesiology    (es-the-ze-ol'  -o-je)    [niaHr/aiq,    a    feeling ; 

'/"],<)€,  science].     A  treatise  on,  or  the  science  of,  the 

senses. 
Esthesiomania    (es-the-ze-o-ma' '-ne-ah)    [aiodt/oig,   feel- 
ing; /lai'ia,  madness].      Insanity  marked  by  perverted 

moral  feeling  and  by  purposeless  eccentriciti*  -. 
Esthesiometer  {es-tke-ze-om' -et-er)  [aiodqaii .  -ensation  ; 

fiirpov,  a  measure].     An    instrument    for    measuring 

tactile  sensibility. 


1   1    1   1 


MM 


1    M    1 


Esthesiomkter  of  Sieveking.     (From  Aitkin.) 

Esthesiometry  (es-the-ze-om'  -et-re)  [_aiad>/atc,  sensation  ; 
ptrpov,  measure].  The  measurement  or  estimation 
of  tactile  sensibility. 

Esthesioneurosis  [es-the-se-o-nu-rof  -sis)  [_alodr/ciq,  per- 
ception;  VEvpov,  nerve].  Any  nervous  disease  in 
which  there  are  disorders  of  sensation. 

Esthesis  (es-the' -sis)  [aiodr/aic;,  sensation].  Sensibility; 
sense-perception;  a  feeling  or  sense-impression. 

Esthesodic  (es-the-sod'-ih)  \_alcdrjaiq,  sensation  ;  666c, 
a  way].  Serving  to  convey  sense-impressions,  as  to 
the  brain. 

Esthetophore  (es-tket* ' -o-for)  [alaBtjroq,  sensible  ;  (pepetv, 
to  bear].  In  biology,  the  hypothetic  physical  basis 
of  consciousness  (Cope). 

Esthiomene  (es-the-om'-en-e)  \hcftwpkvr) ,  eating].  Lu- 
pus exedens ;  lupus  of  the  vulva ;  a  very  rare  and 
chronic  disease  commencing  during  the  menstrual 
period.  It  is  a  form  of  ulceration  accompanied  by- 
fibrous  overgrowths  of  the  surrounding  and  adjacent 
tissues.  It  produces  hard,  cicatricial  tissue  on  healing. 
There  is  a  process  of  imperceptible  disintegration  of 
the  tissues,  but  no  sloughing.  Death  may  result  from 
hemorrhage  or  perforation  into  the  peritoneal  cavity 
or  bladder. 

Esthiomenous  (es-the-om'-en-us)  [hodiopevrj,  eating]. 
Corroding ;   phagedenic. 

Esthophysiology  1  es-tho-fiz-e-oV -o-je)  [aladriatq,  sensa- 
tion ;  Oi'ff'C,  nature  ;  /.070c,  science].  The  physiology 
of  sensation  and  of  the  sense-apparatus. 

Estival  (es'-tiv-al)  [astas,  summer].  In  biology,  pro- 
duced in  summer. 

Estivation  (es-tiv-a'-shun)  [astivare,  to  pass  the  sum- 
mer]. In  biology,  (a)  the  dormant  condition  of 
certain  plants  and  animals  during  the  summer ;  (b) 
the  arrangement  of  the  floral  organs  in  the  bud. 

Estlander's  Method.  See  Treatment,  Methods  of.  E. 
Operation.    See    Operations,   Table  of. 


ESTRl  'MAMA 


111 


I    1  1IIO 


Estromania  gad-fly;  lust; 

•  I        Sam 

Estrual  fly].      Pertaining  to 

estrual 

Estruation  .    ^-l(1  'b']-      The 

the  influence  oi    intense 

Estrum,  Estrus  gad  ily]. 

Any  vehem  sation  in  am 

tion       1  he  orgasm. 
Estuanum  :  I       A   vapor- 

i  to  apply  warm,  dry  air 
il  the  same  time. 
Estuution  .    heat].       1  [eat  ; 

pUS  l  he   yolk   or  suint  of 

Ethal  .    the   upper    air],    C16HMOH. 

i  from  spermaceti 

.  and  named  by  him.     It  is  a  solid,  fusible 

aceti,  and  on  cooling 

[l  ptible  of  union  with 

vai  ■  uii  which  it  forms  sa  ips. 

Ethaldehyd  yd. 

Ethane  ,  the  upper  air].      Paraffin;   any 

■  the  dry  distillation  of  wood, 
turf,  bitumii  .  lignite,  and  bituminous  coal, 

rich  in   hydrogen.     The  ethanes  are 
thu  '   in  illuminating  gas  and  the  light  tar-oils, 

ins  them  already  formed.     The  lowest 
ne,  arc  gases  at  ordinary  temper- 
ate- il  and  ether.    The  intermediate 

if  faint,  characteristic 

.  i'Ut  miscible  with  alcohol  and 

higher  members  are  crystalline  solids  (par- 

ible  in  alcohol,  and  more  readily  in  ether. 

:     the   liquid   and   solid    hvdro- 

with  tin-  molecular  weights,  but  they 

gravity  of  water.   The 

with  the    molecular  weights. 

Miial  structure  possess  the  highest 

-t  are  those  of  the  quaternary 

e  under  Jly- 

Ethene  E.  Chlorid. 

Ethc:  upper  air],      i.   The 

tie  fluid  lilh-  and   interpenetrating 

all  uii  of  transmission  of  the  vibratory 

ii  ity,  and  magnetism. 

itile,  and  highly  inflammable 

lid  ;    in  tion  a  di  ethylic   oxid   (C2H5)20, 

er.     It  is  usi  d  mainly  as  asol- 

■  tic.      Internally 

otic. 

stimulanl  in 

to   designati 
pounds.     See    Table   an- 

Acetic,    I  ,,f 

E.,  Commercial,  i 
It  is  imiii   for  use  except 
E.  fortior,  should  .  nt. 

3J.     E.,  Hydriodic,  u: 
E.,  Hydrobromic,  unof. 
E.  Oleum,  contains  equal   | 
ether  and  1  E.,  Spt.,of.  ether   }2.5 

I-.  ,  Comp.  Spt.  of.  1 1  off  man's 

■nt. 
E.    nitrous,    Spirit. 

thyl  nitnt  ,,,].      Do 

.s  mainl) 


compounds  known  as  ethers  which  are  products  of  the 
union  of  two  monovalent  alcohol  radicals  through  the 
agem  v  of  an  oxygen  atom.  They  arc  the  oxids  of 
the  alcohol  radicals,  and  are  neutral,  volatile  bodies, 
nearly  insoluble  in  water.  The  lowest  members  are 
liquid  ;  the  highest  are  solids.  E. -acids,  the  so- 
called  neutral  esters.  They  are  not  volatile;  are  sol 
uble  in  water,  and  yield  bases  with  vilts.  E. -drink- 
ing, E. -intoxication,  a  form  of  tippling  somewhat 
Common    in    Some    parts    of     Ireland.         Thus    taken. 

ether  is  similar  in  effects  to  alcohol,  but  more  rapid 

in  action,  and    its  use  is  attended  with  profound  moral 

degeneration.      E.,  Mixed,  ether  containing  different 

ohol  radicals.     E.,  Simple,  ether  containing  two 

.similar  alcohol  radicals. 

TABLE  OF  ETHERS. 
Of   i  in-:  Fatty  Compounds. 


Name. 

Formula. 

<  0 

So 

0  < 
O  O 

£P 

J  Z 

7." 

0  > 

£  r- 

U.'  ^ 

t   X 

</2(J 

Methyl,    .   .   . 

(CHa),0 

(las.     nor- 
mally.   Li- 
quid at 
-230  C. 

Ethyl 

(C2H5)20 

Liquid. 

35° 

0.736  at  o°. 

Propyl,     .  .   . 

(C3H7)20 

Liquid. 

60-62° 

Butyl 

(C4H9)20 

176° 

Auivl,        .    .    . 

(C5H„l,0 

Liquid. 

0779. 

Cetyl 

(CieHgaljO 

Solid. 

300° 

Vinyl 

i<  _ii3i„o 

39° 

Allyl,     .... 

(C3Hr,).,0 
C2H3  O  C2H5 

85° 

Vinyl  ethyl,    . 

Liquid. 

35-5° 

Allyl  ethyl,     . 

CaHj.O.CaHs 

Liquid 

66° 

Ethereal  (e-the'-re-al)  [tether,  the  upper  air].  Per- 
taining to  the  ether  or  to  ether. 

Ethereomania  [e-the-re-o-ma' '-ne-ak)  [other,  ether; 
iim-'ii.  madness].  The  mania  for  drinking  ether; 
ether-intoxication. 

Ethereomaniac  [e-the-re-o-ma/ -ne-ak  )  [other,  ether  ; 
fiavia,  madness].  ( >ne  who  is  addii  ted  to  the  use  of 
ethei  as  a  stimulant. 

Etherify  [e' '-ther-if-i)  [other,  ether;  facere,  to  make]. 
To  convert  into  ether. 

Etherism  [e/-ther-izm)  [other,  ether].  The  phenomena 
produced  upon  the  animal  economy  by  the  administra- 
tion oi   ethei . 

Etherization  [e-ther-iz-a' 'shun)  [other,  ether].  The 
administration  of  ether  to  produce  anesthesia.  This 
Fected  \<\  inhalation  of  the  vapor. 

Etheromania  (e-ther-o-ma,-ne-ah)  [other,  ether  ;  fiav'ta, 
madness].     See  Ethereomania. 

Ethics  (eth'-iks)  [b0iK6g,  moral].  The  science  of  human 
feelings,    thoughts,   and    actions   relating   to  duty  or 


ETUI DENE 


445 


EUCALVI'-in|. 


morality.     E.,  Medical,  the  duties  a  physician  ow<  - 

to  himself,  his  profession  and  bis  fellow  men. 

Ethidene  [eth'-id-in)  lather,  ether],  < " , 1 1 , .  Ethyli 
dene  ;  a  bivalent  radicle.  E.  Chlorid,  or  Dichlorid, 
a  colorless,  transparent,  oily  fluid,  tasting  and  smelling 
like  chloroform,  with  a  specific  gravity  of  1174  at 
170  C. ,  ami  boiling  at  oo°  C.  It  is  prepared  from  alde- 
hyd  by  acting  upon  it  with  pentachlorid  of  phos 
phorus;  it  is  also  formed  a>  a  bye-product  in  the  pre- 
paration of  chloral,  and  is  separated  by  distillation  and 
subsequent  fractionation.  It  is  insoluble  in  water, 
but  soluble  in  alcohol,  chloroform,  ether,  and  oils. 
It  is  less  inflammable  than  chloroform,  but  rapidly 
decomposes.  It  bas  been  used  a>  a  general  anes- 
thetic.    See  Anesthetic.     E.  Diethylate.     See  Acetal. 

Ethiopification  {e-the-op-if-ik-a/shun)  [n'ltliorp,  an 
^Ethiopian ;  facere,  to  make].  A  darkening  of  the 
skin  such  as  sometime-,  results  from  the  misuse  of 
mercurial,  silver,  or  arsenical  remedies. 

Ethmocephalus  {eth-mo-sef/-al-ui  1  \ififi6c,  ethmoid  ■ 
nepa'/i/,  head].  A  variety  of  single  autositic  monsters 
of  the  species  cyclocephalus,  in  which  there  is  a  repre- 
sentative of  the  nose  in  the  shape  of  a  proboscis 
terminating  anteriorly  in  two  imperfect  nostrils  or  in  a 
single  opening.  There  are  two  eves  and  two  eye- 
sockets. 

Ethmocranial  (eth-mo-kra* '-ne-al)  \rfip.6g,  ethmoid; 
Kpav'vov,  skull].  Relating  to  the  ethmoid  and  to  the 
rest  of  the  cranium. 

Ethmofrontal  (eth-mo-frun'-tal)  [ydp6g,  ethmoid ;  fron- 
ta  'is, front] .    Relating  to  the  ethmoid  and  frontal  bones 

Ethmoid  [etk'-moid)  [//WuoV,  a  sieve;  eldog,  likeness]. 
The  cribriform  bone  of  the  nose,  perforated  for  the 
transmission  of  the  olfactory  nerve  ;  it  forms  a  part  of 
the  base  of  the  skull. 

Ethmoid  or  Ethmoidal  {elk' -moid,  eth-moi' -dal) 
[i,l>itvg,  a  sieve;  eldog,  likeness].  Relating  to  the 
ethmoid  bone. 

Ethmoiden  [eth-moi' '-den)  [ifiuog,  a  sieve ;  eldog,  like- 
ness].    Belonging  to  the  ethmoid  bone  in  itself. 

Ethmoiditis  (eth-moid-i* -tis)  \jfi\i6g,  a  sieve;  eldog, 
likeness;  trig,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the 
ethmoid  bone,  or  of  the  ethmoid  sinuse>. 

Ethmoplecosis  [etk-mo-ple-kof -sis)  [iftuog,  sieve  ;  7r/li- 
xeiv,  to  twine  ;  voaog,  disease].  Any  disease  attacking 
the  cellular  tissue. 

Ethmoturbinal  (eth-mo-tur'-bin-al)  [/yfy/oc,  a  sieve ; 
turbo,  a  top].  Relating  to  the  turbinal  portions  of  the 
ethmoid  bone,  forming  what  are  known  as  the  supe- 
rior and  middle  turbinated  bones. 

Ethmyphe  [eth' '-mif-e)  [r/6fi6g,  sieve;  vfij,  web].  The 
connective  tissue. 

Ethmyphitis  (eth-mif-i' -tis)  \_i/0fi6g,  sieve  ;  voi/,  web ; 
trig,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the  ethmyphe  or 
connective  tissue  ;   cellulitis. 

Ethnic  [eth'-nik)  [eOvog,  a  race].  Pertaining  to  race. 
E.  Idiocy.     See  Idiocy,  Ethnic. 

Ethnology  {eth-nol'-o-je)  \iBvog,  a  nation ;  \6yog, 
science].  The  comparative  study  of  the  races  of  man- 
kind. 

Ethoxycaffein  {eth-oks-e-kaff-e-in),  Cl0Hu\(O.,.  A 
remedy  recommended  to  relieve  the  pain  of  herpes  zos- 
ter, migraine,  and  neuralgia.  In  overdoses  it  ha>  a 
toxic  effect ;  gr.  viij  causes  drunkenness  and  vomiting. 
1  'ose  gr.  iv.      Unof. 

Ethusa  [e-thu'-sak)  \affleiv,  to  burn].  A  genus  of  um- 
belliferous plants.  E.  cynapium,  or  fools'  parsley, 
has  poisonous  qualities.  It  was  formerly  used  as  an 
emmenagogue.      l'nof. 

Ethusin  \etliu' '-.<•/;/ i  [affleiv,  to  bum].  A  poisonous 
alkaloid  obtainable  from  Ethusa  cynapium,  or  fools' 
parsley. 


Ethyl  (,i:i'-il\  [a'tBqp,  ether;  i'/i/,  material],  C.,II5. 
The  hypothetic  radicle  of  alcohol.  E.  Blue. 
Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  E.  Bromid,  <  .11  I'.r,  Brom- 
ethyl-;  monobromethane.  A  rapid  and  transient  an- 
ieiu  .  Narcosis  ^  produced  in  one  half  to  one  min- 
ute, and  does  not  last  much  longer.  See  Anesthetic. 
E.  Bromid,  Liq.,  I  in  200,  used  in  angina  pectoris. 
Dose  ^ss-ij.  l'nof.  E.  Chlorid.  <  ,11/1.  Chloric 
Ether.  An  anesthetic  resembling  chloroform  inaction. 
It  i->  sometimes  followed  by  corneal  opacity.  See  An- 
esthetic. Unof.  E.  Eosin.  Same  as  Primrose.  E. 
Green.  See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  E.  Iodid.  '  .11 
I.  Ilvdriodic  Ether.  Used  to  relieve  the  dyspnea  of 
bronchitic  asthma  and  edematous  laryngitis.  I  ><>se  to 
lie  inhaled,  n\,  v,  three  or  four  times  daily.  L'nof.  E. 
Purple.     See  Pigment  .  <>f. 

Ethylamin  [eth-il'-am-in)  \aiQr\p, ether ;  '/'/.material; 
amin\.  A  uon-poisonous  ptomaine  formed  in  putre- 
fying yeast,  in  wheat-flour,  and  in  the  distillation  of 
beet-sugar  residues.  It  is  a  strongly  ammoniacal 
liquid,  boiling  at  l8.7°C,  and  is  miscible  with  water 
in  every  proportion  ;  it  is  combustible,  and  possesses 
strong  basic  properties. 

Ethylene  {eth'-il-in)  [«/'%>,  ether ;  />/,,  matter].  Ole- 
fiantgas,  C,II,.  A  colorless,  poisonous  gas  having  an 
unpleasant,  suffocating  smell.  It  burns  with  a  bright 
luminous  flame,  and  when  mixed  with  air  explodes  vio- 
lently. It  is  one  of  the  constituents  of  illuminating 
gas,  and  has  strong  affinities,  especially  for  chlorin, 
with  which  it  unites  to  form  an  oily  compound.  E. 
Blue.  See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  E.  Bromid,  a 
light  brownish-colored  liquid  with  the  formula,  (_'.,  II4 
lit.,.  It  has  been  used  with  great  benefit  in  epilepsy 
in  \£  to  2^  minim  doses  two  or  three  times  daily 
Unof.     E.  Chlorid.     See  Ethene  chloral. 

Ethylidene  (eth-il'-id-Bri).     See  Ethidene. 

Ethylidenediamin  (  eth-ti'-id-in-di'-am-in).  ( .' .. II,. 
(NH.,).,.  A  poisonous  ptomaine  obtained  from  de- 
composing haddock.  Injections  of  the  ptomaine  in 
mice  and  guinea-pigs  produce  abundant  flow  of  secre- 
tion from  the  nose,  mouth,  and  eyes  ;  the  pupils  dilate 
and  the  eyeballs  project.  Violent  dyspnea  follows  and 
continues  until  death,  which  does  not  take  place  for 
twenty-four  hours  or  more.  The  heart  is  stopped  in 
diastole. 

Etiolate  (e' -te-o-laf)  [F.,  itioler,  to  blanch].  In  biology, 
to  blanch  or  be  whitened  by  the  exclusion  of  light. 

Etiolation  {e-te-o-la'-shun)  \¥r.,etioler,  to  blanch].  The 
paleness  or  blanching,  in  plants  or  animals,  from  con- 
finement in  darkness. 

Etiolin  (ef -te-o-liri)  [Fr.,  etioler,  to  blanch].  The  yel- 
low pigment  of  etioiate  leaves. 

Etiology  (e-tt'-oF-o-jc)  [curia,  a  cause  ;  /'<} of,  science]. 
A  treatise  on,  or  pertaining  to,  the  causes  of  disease. 

Etrotomy  {e-trott '-o-me)  [f/rpov,  pelvis  ;  rofirj,  section]. 
A  name  proposed  for  pel  vie  section.    Cf.  Pubetrotomy. 

Euanthol  {it-a>i'-tho!\  [ev,  well  ;  avOog,  a  flower;  oleum, 
oil],  C7IIuO.  Euantnylic  aldehyd,  a  product  of  the 
distillation  of  castor-oil ;  it  is  a  liquid  of  pungent  odor, 
boiling  at  from  1530  to  1540  C. 

Eucalin  [u'-kal-in)  [ev,  well;  KaXvirreiv,  to  cover], 
CRH1206.  A  glucose  arising  from  the  fermentation 
of  melitose.  Its  properties  are  similar  to  those  of 
inosite.      It  is  non-fermentable,  and  dextrorotatory. 

Eucalyptol  (u-kal-ip'-tol)  \jl,  well;  KokviiTEiv,  to 
cover],  C,0H18O.  An  antiseptic  camphor,  prepared 
from  the  essential  oil  derived  from  the  distillation  of 
the  leave-  of  E.  globulus,  and  other  species  of  the 
genus.  It  is  used  in  bronchitis  and  chronic  catarrh  ; 
and  also  in  ear-di^-ea-e-  and  in  urethritis,  and  externally 
in  various  liniments  and  washes.  Dose  n\iv,  in  cap- 
sules, three  times  daily.      Unof. 


El  CM  \ T 


■Hi; 


i:i  I'lIo.NIA 


Eucalyptus    [u-kal-i  [tv,    well;  ,    to 

cover]        liie    leaves  (lanceolate,    after  three   years' 
growth)  of  E.  globulus,  >>r  Bine  (aim,  native  i<>  Au- 
tr.ili.i,  hot  dow  cultivated  in   California.     It  contains 
a    volatile    oil,    that     J  a    camphor, 

by  distillation       It  i^   an  ai  bitter,  promoting 

digestion.      It  is  highly   antiseptic  and  anti-malarial, 
ible  in  atonic   dyspepsia  and  in  intermittent 
E  .  Ext.  iij-x.     E.,    Fid.    Ext., 

alcoholic.    Dosetl^x-xj.    E.Qum(B.  ?.);  also  called 
Australian  Kino;  a  red  gum  from  the  bark  of  the   E. 

■>  u i  "t   Austra- 
lia,    h  .  and  valuable  in  the  treat- 
it  of  relaxed  throat.     Dose  gr.   ij-x.     The  genus 
En                           j  many  s]  I  trees  and  shrubs, 
nearly  all  of  which  appear  to   have  useful   medicinal 
pr                    E.  Honey,  honey  gathered  by  bees  from 
the  flowers  of  various  species   of    Eucalyptus.     It  is 
highly  aromatic,  containing  eucalyptol  (17  per  cent. ), 
and   a  terpene.      It    is    valued    in    Australian 
aestic  practice   as   a  cure    for  almost  all   catarrhal 
troubles.      E.   Manna,  a  variety  of  manna  produced 
in   Australia  from   E.   riminalis,  E.   mannifera,  and 
E                      E.  Ol.,  the  volatile  oil.     Dose  TTLv-xxx, 
in  capsules  or  emulsion.     E.,  Tinct.     (Jnof.     Dose 
~       ij.      E.  Unguentum  (B.  P.).      Seldom  used. 
Eucheuma    [u-ku'-ma       [      i<       .    well-flavored].      A 
l  weeds.      E.  gelatinse  and  E.  spinosum, 
a  S.  E.  Asian  seas,  atTord  some  part  of  the  agar- 
a_;ar  of  commerce. 
Euchlorin    u  k'o'-rin)  [rf,  well;  xKap6g,  greenish].    A 

mixture  "f  chlorous  acid  and  free  chlorin. 
Euchroic  Acid  [u-kr</-ik).     See  Acid. 
Euchylia  [u   '/."--•  ah)  [///■,  well  ;  xv'/.oc,  the  chyle].    A 

normal  condition  of  the  chyle. 
Euchymia  [u  kirn'  well;   xvf*6c,  juice].     A 

healthy  condition  of  the  fluids  of  the  body. 
Eucinesia,     Eukinesia     iu-kin-e'-se-ah)     \j&,     well ; 

i/oic,  motion].      Normal  power  of  movement. 
Eucrasia    [u-kraf -te-afc)    [.•('•,   well;   upaaig,    mixture]. 
Good   health ;   a  sound  constitution  ;   the  reverse  of 
dyscrasia. 
Eucyclic  \u-sikf-Uk)   [ei,  well ;   icbicXoc,  a  circle].      In 
.   applied  to  flowers,  the  organs  in  each  whorl 
■  if  winch  <•  pial    in  number,  and   alternate  with,  those 
ling  whorl. 
Eudiometer    {u-de-om' -et-er)     [evdia,    calm    weather; 
-are].     An  instrument  for  ascertaining  the 
pun'  air,  and  for  the  analysis  of  gases. 

Eudipleural  [u-de-plu'-ral)  [ei,  well ;  dig,  two  ;  -'/.evpd, 

].      In  biology,  bilaterally  symmetric. 
Euesthesia  .  .veil ;    aiodr/rjic,  sensa- 

].      The  sense  of  well-being;   vigor   and   normal 
-es. 
Eugenesis  [u-jen' -es-is)  [ei,  well  .generation]. 

In  i  fertility. 

Eugenia  |    [after  Prince  Eugene  of  Savoy], 

than  500  species  of  myrtaceous  trees 
al.      E.  caryophylata  yields 
•>(  E.  pimenta. 
^  ;lr  inal,  and  some  afford 

E.  cheken. 
Eugenic  Ac;  I 
Eugenii; 
Eugenol  .  Q\\i    c    \  \ 

>    oil, 
:  '.il    that   boils    at 

id    a    local    anesthetic   in 
I   nof. 
Eukinesia 

Eulachon    Oil.  or  Eulachoni    Oleum    (u'-l,,h    «.   .,r 

01    \..rth    Pacific 


islands].  Candle-fish  Oil.  The  oil  of  the  fish  Thale- 
ichthys  pacificus,  or  candlefish.  It  is  less  disagreeable 
than  cod-liver  oil,  for  which  it  is  often  substituted. 
I  (ose  3J— iv.     Unof. 

Eulyptol  [u-lipZ-tol).  An  antiseptic  substance  com- 
posed  "I  six  parts  of  salicylic  acid  and  one  part  each 
of  carbolic  acid  and  essence  of  eucalyptus.  It  does 
not  produce  albuminate-,  when  applied  to  wounds. 
Dose  internally,  3  ij-iiss  per  diem.     See  Eucalyptus. 

Eumerism  [u' '-mer-izm)  [ei,  well ;  ukpog,  a  part].  In 
biology,  opposed  to  dysmerism;  an  aggregate  of 
eumeristic  parts. 

Eumeristic  [u-mer-is'-tik)  [ev,  well ;  uepireiv,  to  divide]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  an  aggregation  of  like  parts 
arranged  in  a  regular  series,  as  a  tapeworm. 

Eumerogenesis  {u-me-ro-jen'-es-is)  [ei,  well ;  fiipog, 
division;  yeveavg,  generation].  In  biology,  develop- 
ment by  fission,  or  the  multiplication  of  like  parts, 
producing  a  regular  series. 

Eumeromorph  [ii'-mer-o-morf)  [ei,  well  ;  fiipog,  a 
division;  fiopcpij,  shape].  An  organism  resulting  from 
eumerogenesis,  as  an  arthrosporous  bacillus-filament. 

Eunuch  [u'-nuk)  [evvovxoc,  guardian  of  the  couch]. 
One  from  whom  the  genital  organs  have  been  removed 
or  mutilated  so  as  to  render  him  impotent. 

Eunuchism  [uf -nuk-izrn)  [evvovxog,  guardian  of  the 
couch].       The  condition  of  being  a  eunuch. 

Euonymin  (ii-on'-im-in)  [ev&wpog,  having  a  good 
name].  A  precipitate  from  the  tincture  of  Wahoo, 
Euonymus  americanus  ;  it  is  tonic,  laxative,  and  ex- 
pectorant.     Dose  ]/z  to  3  grains.      Unof. 

Euonymus  {u-onf -im-<us)  [ev&w/iog,  having  a  good 
name].  1.  A  genus  of  celastraceous  shrubs  and  trees. 
2.  Wahoo.  The  bark  of  E.  atropurpureus  is  an  astrin- 
gent tonic  and  purgative,  resembling  rhubarb,  jalap, 
aloes,  etc.,  but  rather  milder.  It  is  beneficially  em- 
ployed in  dropsy  and  hepatic  affections.  E.,  Ext. 
Dose  gr.  j-v.  E.,  Ext.,  Fid.  Dose  3  ss-ij.  E., 
Tinct.  (1  in  5).  Dose  Tr^x-xl.  E.  americanus  has 
similar  properties. 

Eupareunia  (itpar-u'-ne-ah )  [ev,  well  ;  -irdpewoc, 
spouse].      Sexual  compatibility. 

Eupathia,  or  Eupatheia  [u-patli-i'-ah)  [eviraf)e/a  ;  ei, 
well;  Ttddoc,  feeling].  I.  Euphoria.  2.  Sensitive- 
ness to  impressions. 

Eupatorin  (it-pat-o' -rhi)  [thrcardpiov ,  agrimony].  1.  A 
precipitate  from  the  tincture  of  Thoroughwort,  Eupa- 
torium  perfoliatwn  ;  it  is  aperient,  emetic,  febrifuge 
and  tonic.  Dose  I  to  3  grains.  Unof.  2.  A  crys 
talline  glucosid  from  Eupatoriu?n  cannabinum  of 
Europe.     See  also  Eupurpurin. 

Eupatorium  (ti-pat-o'-re-nm)  [f!~nrdpiov,  agrimonv]. 
A  genus  of  composite-flowered  plants.  In  pharmacy, 
Eupatorium  denotes  the  leaves  and  flowering-tops  of 
£.  perfoliatum,  thoroughwort,  or  boneset.  It  is  a  bitter 
tonic,  diaphoretic,  aperient  and  emetic,  of  value  in  re- 
mittent and  typhoid  fevers,  and  thought,  also,  to  be  a 
teniafuge.  E.,  Fid.  Ext.  Dose  \r\\-^].  E.  pur- 
pureum,  trumpet-weed,  another  American  species, 
has  similar  qualities  (see  Eupurpurin),  but  is  more 
markedly  diuretic,  as  is  also  E.  amarissimum,  of  the 
U.  S.  Many  other  species  of  this  large  genus  are  ac- 
tively medicinal. 

Eupepsia  [u-pep/-se-ah  )  [ei,  well ;  ttZttteiv,  to  digest]. 
Sound  or  normal  digestion. 

Eupeptic  [u-pep'-tik  )    [ei,  well  ;   Trtirretv,  to   digest]. 
e-sing  a  good   digestion;   promoting  digestion. 

Euperistalsis  (uper-is-tal'-sis)  [ei,  well;  rcepl,  around; 
nru/rstc,  compression].  The  quiet  peristaltic  move- 
ments of  the  intestines  in  health.      See  Peristalsis. 

Euphonia  [u-fi/ -ne-ah )  [ev,  well;  <povr/,  voice].  A 
normal,  good,  and  clear  condition  of  the  voice. 


KUPHONY 


447 


EUTuCIA 


Euphony  (u'fon-e).     See  Euphonia. 

Euphorbia  \it-for'  -be-ah  )  [ewp6p/3iov,  an  African 
plant].  A  genus  of  some  700  species  of  trees,  shrubs 
and  herbs,  mostly  with  a  milky,  acrid,  or  poisonous 
juice.  E.  resinifera,  of  Africa  affords  euphorbium. 
E.  lathyris,  yields  oil  of  euphorbia,  an  active,  but 
uncertain  cathartic.  From  E.  drummondii,  druinin 
is  prepared.  In  N.  America,  E.  corollata,  E.  ipe- 
cacuanha, E.  vulgaris,  E.  prostrate,  and  other  na- 
tive species  have  been  employed  in  medicine,  thru: 
being  about  100  species  in  the  U.  S.  E.  pilulifera, 
of  S.  America  and  Australia,  has  reputed  value  in 
asthma  and  cardiac  dyspnea.  Dose  of  the  extract 
gr.  j.  ;  of  the  fluid  extract  3  ss-j  ;  of  the  tincture  3  ss-j  ;  • 
to  be  used  with  great  caution.  E.  piscidia,  of  trop- 
ical America,  a  virulent  poison,  is  locally  employed  as 
a  caustic.      Many  other  species  are  actively  medicinal. 

Euphorbin  (it -for' -Hit]  [t  io<>t>  imr,  an  African  plant]. 
A  precipitate  from  a  tincture  of  the  root  of  Euphorbia 
corollata  :  it  is  an  emetic,  expectorant,  vermifuge  and 
arterial  sedative.      Dose  '4  to  3  grains.      Unof. 

Euphorbium  [u-for1 '-be-um)  [ev(j>6pftiov,  an  African 
plant].  An  acrid  gum-resin  afforded  by  Euphorbia 
resinifera  and  E.  officinarum.  It  is  strongly  purga- 
tive and  vesicant,  and  is  now  mainly  employed  in 
veterinary  medicine. 

Euphoria  [u-for1 '-e-ah)  [evtyopoc,  easily  carried].  I. 
The  sense  of  well-being  or  health.  2.  Ability  to 
endure  pain. 

Euphoric  (u-for' -ik)  [ei^opor,  easily  carried].  Marked 
by  or  pertaining  to  euphoria. 

Euphorin  (u' -for  in)  [y'roopne,  easily  carried],  CaO,Hn. 
Phenyl-urethan,  derived  from  anilin,  a  white  crystal- 
line powder,  nearly  insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in 
weak  alcohol.  It  is  recommended  as  a  safe  and 
rapid  antipyretic  in  doses  of  from  5  to  30  grains  daily. 
Unof.     See  Phenyl-urethan. 

Euphrasia  (u-fra'-ze-ak)  [evtypaoia,  delight].  Eye- 
bright.  A  small  annual,  formerly  much  used  in  eye- 
affections.  It  is  of  utility  as  an  astringent  lotion  in 
conjunctivis,  and  invaluable  in  breaking  up  nasal 
catarrh  and  in  hay-fever.  E.,  Tinct.,  strength  1.9. 
Dose  n\,  j-v. 

Eupitton  [uf -pit-on),  C.,-H2609.  Eupittonic  acid.  An 
aurin  into  which  six  methoxyi  groups  have  been  intro- 
duced. It  forms  orange-yellow  crystals,  melting  with 
decomposition,  at  2000  C. 

Euplastic  (u-plas'-tik)  [eu,  well;  tcTmcgziv,  to  form]. 
Susceptible  of  being  transformed  into  sound,  healthy, 
and  permanent  tissue. 

Eupnea  (ftp-ne'  -alt)  \tv,  well;  irvkuv,  to  breathe]. 
Normal  and  easy  respiration. 

Eupurpurin  [u-pur/-pu-rin)  [ev,well ;  pupura, purple]. 
A  precipitate  from  the  tincture  of  Eupatorium  purpu- 
reutn  :  it  is  diuretic,  stimulant,  astringent,  and  tonic. 
Dose  I  to  4  grains.      Unof. 

Eurhipidurous  [u-rip-id-u' '-rus)  \_ev,  well  ;  />/~(V,  a 
fan;  ovpa,  tail].  In  biology,  applied  to  such  birds 
as  have  a  fan-like  arrangement  of  the  tail-feathers. 

Eurhodins  {uf-ro-dinz).  Dyes  derived  from  the  phena- 
zins  by  the  introduction  of  one  or  more  amido-groups. 
They  are  feeble  bases. 

European  Cholera.      Synonym  of  Cholera. 

Europhen  [ur-ro-fen).  A  preparation  of  iodin  recom- 
mended as  a  substitute  for  iodoform.  It  is  a  valuable 
antiseptic,  antisyphilitic,  and  antituberculotic.  In  skin- 
diseases,  a  5  to  10  per  cent,  ointment  is  employed.  It 
is  used  hypodermatically  in  doses  of  gr.  '/^-iss.  Chemi- 
cally, it  contains  one  atom  of  iodin  joined  to  two 
molecules  of  isobutylcresol.  Unof.  E.-aristol,  a 
preparation  of  europhen  with  aristol ;  a  substitute  for 
iodoform. 


Eurycephalic,  or  Eurycephalous,  [u-ris-ef-al'-ik, 
u-ris-eff-al-us)  [evpvg,  w  ,  head].      I'.road- 

headed  ;    having   a  very  wide  skull. 

Eurycerous  [u-ris/ -er-us)  [evpvg, hroeA  ;  nepag,  ahorn]. 
In  biology,  having  broad  horns. 

Eurychasmus  [u-rik  azf-mui)  ["'/»'/.  broad  ;  \nnu<i,  a 
chasm].  Lissauer's  term  for  a  skull  in  which  the  angle 
formed  between  the  lines  joining  the  point  of  the  wing 
of  the  vomer  and  the  posterior  nasal  spine  and  anterior 
margin  of  the  foramen   magnum   i^  bet  ween    1530  and 

I54°- 

Eurycoronine  [u-rih-or-o,-nin)  [evpvg,  broad  ;  Kopimrj, 
crown].  In  biology,  having  broad-crowned  molar 
teeth. 

Eurypylous  (it-rip'-il-iu)  [evpvg,  wide  ;  -'/>/,  a  gate]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  such  structures  as  have  wide 
and  directly  communicating  openings. 

Eurystomatous  [u-ris-to1 '-mat-us)  [evpvg,  wide;  arbpa, 
mouth].  In  biology,  applied  to  animals  with  large, 
wide  mouths. 

Eurythermal  [u-rith-er'-mal)  [evpvg,  wide;  fit  pur/, 
heat].  Capable  of  sustaining  a  great  range  of  temper- 
ature . 

Eusomphalus  [u-som* ' -fal-its)  [ev,  good;  bitda/or, 
navel].  A  double  monstrosity  in  which  the  vital  func- 
tions of  each  individual  are  independent,  and  in  which 
each  has  a  distinct  umbilicus. 

Eustachian  [u-sta' -ke-an)  [evara^vr,  rich  in  corn]. 
Pertaining  to  the  Italian  anatomist,  Kustachio.  E. 
Artery.  See  Arteries,  Table  of.  E.  Catheter,  an 
instrument  for  dilating  and  otherwise  treating  the 
Eustachian  tube  ;  it  is  introduced  along  the  floor  of 
the  nose.  E.  Tube,  the  canal  extending  from  the 
tympanum  to  the  pharynx.  E.  Valve,  a  prolonga- 
tion or  continuation  of  the  lining  membrane  of  the 
post-cava  into  the  right  auricle  of  the  fetal  heart  to 
about  half  of  its  breadth.  Its  function  is  to  direct 
the  blood  from  the  post-cava  across  the  auricle  toward 
the  foramen  ovale. 

Eustachius,  Canal  of.     See  Canal. 

Eustomatous  (u-sto' -mat-its)  [ev,  well ;  nrdua,  mouth]. 
In  biology,  having  a  well-formed  oral  aperture. 

Eustrongylus  (it-stron'-jil-us)  [ev,  well  ;  a-pn^yv7.or, 
round].  A  genus  of  parasitic  nematode  worms.  E. 
gigas.  See  Thread-worms,  and  Parasites  (Animal), 
Table  of. 

Eusystole  (it-sis' -to-le)  [ev,  well  ;  ovnrofo'/,  contraction]. 
A  normal  contraction  of  the  cardiac  cavities. 

Eutaxia  (ii-taks'-e-ah)  \_fv,  well;  rai-ig,  order].  A 
normal  condition  of  the  body. 

Euthanasia  (it-than-a'-ze-ah)  [n'\  well ;  Odvaror, 
death].      An  easy  or  calm  death. 

Euthycoryphus  (ii-thik-or'-if-its)  [evflvc,  straight  ; 
Kopvfi/,  the  head].  Lissauer's  term  for  a  skull  in 
which  the  parietal  angle  is  between  1420  and  15 1°. 

Euthymetopus  (it-thim-et' '-o-pits)  [ebdig,  straight; 
piru-rrov,  the  forehead].  Lissauer's  term  for  a  skull 
in  which  the  angle  between  the  lines  joining  the 
metopion  and  bregma  and  nasion  is  between  I410  and 
151.5°. 

Euthymia  [u-thtm' -e-ah)  [ew,  well  ;  6vp6c,  mind]. 
Tranquility ;   cheerfulness. 

Euthyopisthocranius    (it-tlie-o-pis-tlio-kra'-ne-us)    [  >'  - 
.  straight  ;   birtaOoxpaviov,  the  occiput].     Lissauer's 
term  for  a  skull  in  which   the  angulus  summi  occipitis 
is  between  154°  and  1720. 

Euthyuranus  [u-the-u' -ran-us\ [evftvg,  straight ;  oi:>- 
the  nof  of  the   mouth].      Lissauer's  term  for  a  skull 
in  which  the  angulus  summi  palati  is  between  163. 50 
and  1S00. 

Eutocia  (u-to'-ke-ah)  [fi',well ;  t6koc,  childbirth].  An 
easy  natural  delivery. 


Ill  kitl'HIC 


II- 


EVO]  l    1  l<  IN 


Eutrophic   {u-h  ■'.  well;  .  t<>  nourish], 

tabling  to  eutrophj  ;  promoting  the  nutritiv< 
--  ;   well-nourish< 
Eutrophy,  or  Eutrophia  [ew, 

(Urishj.      A    state   of   normal  or 
healthy    nutrition;     the    condition    of    being    well- 
nourish 
Eutropic  {u-  .  to  turn].      In 

ing  with  the  sun. 
Euxanthin  >.   well;  .yellow], 

ntial  constituent  of  Purree,  </.  v. 
It  Is. 

Evacuan;  to    empty],      i. 

\  medicine  that  in<  reases 

tcuation   of  an  organ,  especially 

til.  •      A  purgatn 

Evacuation  .  a  voiding]. 

act  of  voiding;  that  which  is  voided. 

Evalvular  [  .  priv.  .  a  valve].    In 

Evaporation  \un )      [e,    priv.  ;     vapor, 

■r]       In  pharmacy,   the  process  of  converting  a 
uid  into  vapor  bj  the  agency  of  heat. 
Eve  and  Lingard,  Bacillus  of.     See  Bacteria,  Syno- 

Evectics  '■  i  [evetcrucdg,  in  good  health].     An 

old  name  for  hygiene  ;   the  science  of  good  health. 
Even-headed  Neither  right-headed 

■     left-headed.      Even-headedness    is    a    condition 
union  among  the  lower  animals,  and  among  idiots, 
imbeciles,  and  races  of  men  of  low  development. 
Evening  Primrose  [fi/-ning  primf-roz).      The  flower- 
g    tops    of    (En  <thera   biennis,    recommended    for 
una  with  gastric  irritability.      Dose  of  the  fid.  ext. 
5J-     Unof. 
Eventration  4mm)  [e,  out  of;    venter,  the 

i  ttrusion    of    the    abdominal    viscera,     es- 
ially  in  a  monstrosity.      The  term  is  used  also  as  a 
v   .  tbd  <men,  </.  v. 
Evergreen-oak  See  Oak-bark. 

Everitt's   Salt.     A    compound  of   iron  and   potassium 

E.'s  Test.     5ei    Tests,  Tab. 

Everlasting  \u     i      fin    ).     A   popular    name    for 

•ain  plants  of  the  genera  Gnaphalium  and  Anten- 

'.    composite-flowered    plants.     A.    di 

mtibechic.     A.    margaritarea   of    N. 

Am  stringent,  and  is  considered  a 

•  'antaginifolia  has  similar  qualities. 

Evernia  »'oc,  sprout].      A 

•us  lichens.      E.  prunastri.     See 

Everninic  Acid  [ev-ur-nin' -ik) .     See  Acid. 

Eversion  in)    |  a    turning    out].      A 

turning    outward.      E.  of   the  Eyelid,  a  folding    of 

for  the  purpose  o(    exposing   the 

surface  or  sulcus.      See  also  Ectropium. 

Evertebral  rtebra,  a  vertebra]. 

Not  .,  nor  derived  from  v< 

Evidence  [n  [ega]  l: 

on  nee  or  non-exis- 

r  the  truth  or  falsehood  of  an  alleged   fact  is 

idenl  ;  proof,  as  of   insanity. 

E..  Circumstantial,  evi  usions  ba 

tual   den  m.     E., 

Conclusive  or  Positive  that  admits  of  no 

E.,  Expert  ,re   a  jury    b) 

Evil    •  ill  |       i.    ,\  2.    Syn 

Eviration  rate].      I. 

;    a  form  of  sexual  per- 


version  in    which  there  is  a  deep  and  permanent  as- 
sumptii  'ii  of  feminine  qualities,  with  corresponding  loss 

ol    manly  qualities.     The  opposite  of  this  is  termed 
Defemination. 

Evisceration  [e-vis-er-a'-shuri)  [e,  out ;  viscera,  the 
bowels].  The  removal  of  the  viscera.  E.  of  the 
Eye,  removal  of  the  entire  contents  of  the  globe  of 
the  eye.  Leaving  the  sclerotic  intact, — an  operation  in 
place  of  enucleation,  and  following  which  some  opera 
tors  insert  a  glass  or  metallic  shell  globe,  called  an 
artificial  vitreous,  to  preserve  the  shape,  etc.,  of  the 
eye  ball.  E.,  Obstetric,  the  removal  of  the  abdominal 
or  thoracic  viscera  of  the  fetus  in  embryotomy. 

Evolution  (ev-o-lu'-shun)  [evolutio;  cvolvete,  to  unroll] 

1.  The  development  or  temporary  growth  and  organic 
change  that  take  place  in  the  uterus  during  pregnancy. 

2.  In  biology,  (i)  the  doctrine  of  incasement  or 
preformation  of  the  early  physiologists,  which  sup 
posed  that  all  parts  of  the  fully-formed  animal  or 
plant  were  present  in  a  minute  form  in  the  germ. 
Cf.  Epigenesis.  (2)  The  doctrine  of  descent  often 
spoken  of  as  Darwinism,  based  upon  the  capacity  of 
every  plant  and  animal  to  produce  other  individuals 
of  a  like  kind,  but  varying  to  a  greater  or  less  degree 
according  to  the  differentiation  induced  by  special 
environment  and  natural  selection.  Cf.  Pangenesis, 
Blastogenesis,  Epigenesis,  Ontogeny,  Phytogeny,  Natu- 
ral Selection.  E.,  Factors  of,  the  recognized  factors 
of  evolution  are  at  least  five,  viz.  :  (I)  Pressure  of 
an  environment  affecting  function  and  function  affect- 
ing structure,  and  the  changed  structure  and  function 
inherited  and  integrated  through  successive  genera- 
tions. (2)  Use  and  disuse  of  organs  reacting  on 
growth-force  and  producing  change  in  form,  structure, 
and  size  of  parts,  and  such  change  inherited  and  in- 
tegrated through  successive  generations.  (3)  Natural 
selection  among  individuals  of  those  most  in  accord 
with  an  ever-changing  environment — or,  as  it  has  been 
otherwise  called,  "  survival  of  the  fittest."  (4)  Sex- 
ual selection  :  the  selection  by  the  female,  among  vary- 
ing male  individuals,  of  the  strongest  or  the  most 
attractive.  .Among  mammals,  the  selection  is  mainly 
of  the  strongest,  as  decided  by  battle  ;  among  birds,  of 
the  most  attractive,  as  determined  by  splendor  of  color 
or  beauty  of  song.  (5)  Physiologic  selection,  or  selec- 
tion of  those  varieties  the  individuals  of  which  are 
fertile  among  themselves,  but  sterile  or  less  fertile  with 
other  varieties  and  with  the  parent  stock.  This  has 
also  been  called  " segregate  fecundity"  by  Gulick 
and  homogamy  by  Romanes.  These  five  factors  are 
not  universally  recognized.  The  first  two  are  Lam- 
arckian,  the  second  two  Darwinian  factors.  In  the 
Lamar cki an  factors  the  changes  occur  during  in</i- 
vidual  life,  and  the  offspring  is  supposed  to  inherit 
them  unchanged.  In  the  Darwinian  factors,  on  the 
contrary,  the  changes  are  in  the  offspring,  and  the  indi- 
viduals during  life  are  supposed  to  remain  substanti- 
ally unchanged.  The  fifth  factor  has  been  brought 
forward  by  Romanes  and  Gulick  and  is  not  yet  uni 
versally  recognized.  (6)  To  these  recognized  factors 
of  organic    evolution   must  now  be  added,  in  human 

lulion,  another  and  far  higher  factor,  viz.,  conscious, 
voluntary  cooperation  in  the  work  of  evolution,  con- 
seioiis  striving  for  the  betterment  of  the  individual  and 
of  the  race.  This  factor  consists  essentially  in  the 
formation  and  pursuit  of  ideals.  This  is  called  a  fat  i"i . 
but  it  is  also  much  more  than  a  factor.  It  stands  in 
place  of  nature  herself- -it  is  a  higher,  rational  nature 
using  all  the  factors  of  physical  nature  for  its  own 
higher  purposes.  To  distinguish  the  evolution  deter- 
mined bj  this  factor  from  organic  evolution,  it  is  called 
progres         Underlying  all   these*   factors  as  their  nee- 


EVULSION 


449 


EXCITATION 


essary  condition,  and  therefore  themselves  not  called 
factors,  are  two  opposite  operative  principles,  viz., 
heredity  and  variability.  Like  the  conservative  and 
progressive  elements  in  society,  one  tends  to  fixedrj 
the  other  to  change.  The  one  initiates  change,  the 
other  accumulate.-,  its  effects  in  successive  generatii 
The  one  tries  all  things,  the  other  holds  fast  to  whal 
ever  is  good.  They  are  both  equally  necessarj  to  l he- 
successful  operation  of  any  or  all  of  the  fa<  tors.  E., 
Ontogenetic,  the  development  of  an  embryo  from  an 
egg.  E.,  Phylogenetic,  the  evolution  of  species.  E., 
Spontaneous,  a  term  expressive  ol  the  unaided  oc- 
currence in  childbirth  of  a  series  of  changes,  whereby 
a  shoulder-presentation  is  transformed  within  the  pel- 
vis into  a  combined  breech  and-shoulder-presentation 
and  delivery  effected. 

Evulsion  [e-vuV -shun)  [evulsio  ;  evellere ,  to  pluck  out]. 
The  forcible  tearing  or  plucking  away  of  a  part,  as  a 
polypus,  tonsil,  etc. 

Ewald's  Test-breakfast.  A  method  used  in  ascertain- 
ing the  condition  of  the  gastric  juice.  It  consists  of 
35  to  70  grams  of  white  bread  and  300  cm.  of  water, 
or  a  cup  of  weak  tea  without  milk  or  sugar. 

Ewald  and  Boas's  Method.  A  method  of  removing  the 
contents  of  the  stomach.  It  is  carried  out  by  causing 
the  patient  to  make  forcible  voluntary  contraction  of 
the  abdominal  muscles,  steady  pressure  being  applied 
to  the  epigastrium. 

Exacerbation  (eks-as-er-ba'-shun)  [exacerbatio ;  exac- 
erbare,  to  be  violent].  Increased  or  paroxysmal 
violence  of  the  symptoms  of  a  disease. 

Exaggerated  [eks-aj'-er-a-ted)  [exaggerare,  to  heap  up]. 
Larger  ;  more  marked ;  increased.  E.  Breathing. 
See  Breath-sounds .  E.  Lithotomic  Posture.  See 
Postures,  Table  of. 

Exalbuminous  [eks-al-bu' -min-us)  [V.r.priv. ;  albumen, 
the  white  of  an  egg,  from  albus,  white].  In  biology, 
applied  to  seeds  in  which  the  nutritive  matter,  endo- 
sperm or  albumin,  is  stored  within  the  embryo. 

Exalgin  (eks-al'-jin)  [ef ,  out ;  d/.yoc,pain],  C9HuNO. 
Methylacetanilid  ;  a  benzene  derivative  allied  to  phen- 
acetin.  It  is  a  valuable  analgesic  and  antipyretic  in 
doses  of  one-half  to  four  grains.      Unof. 

Exalt  (eks-awlf)  [exaltare,  to  lift  up;  exalt].  In 
chemistry,  to  purify  or  refine. 

Exaltation  {eks-awl-taf -shun)  [exaltatio,  an  uplifting]. 
I.  Increase  of  functional  activity.  2.  Increase  of 
mental  activity.  3.  A  morbid  mental  state  char- 
acterized by  self-satisfaction,  ecstatic  joy,  abnormal 
cheerfulness,  or  optimism,  or  by  delusions  of 
grandeur. 

Examination  (eks-am-in-a' '-shun)  [examinare, to  exam- 
ine]. Investigation,  as  for  the  purpose  of  diagnosis  ; 
it  is  variously  qualified  as  bimanual,  digital,  oral, 
physical,  etc. 

Exangia,  or  Exangeia  (eks-an-je'-ali)  [ef ,  out ;  ayyelov, 
vessel].  Any  dilatation  or  distention  of  a  blood-vessel, 
such  as  aneurysm,  varix,  or  capillary  enlargement. 

Examination  (eks-an  im-a' '-shun)  [ex,  out ;  anima, 
spirit].      Real  or  apparent  death  ;   fainting. 

Exannulate  [eks-an' '-u-lat)  [ex,  priv  ;  annulus,  a  ring]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  ferns,  the  sporangium  of  which 
lacks  the  annulus. 

Exanthema,  or  Exanthem  (eks-an' '-them-ah,  or  eks'- 
an-them)  [tt-tivdr/fia,  eruption:  //. ,  Exanthemata].  1. 
An  eruption  upon  the  skin.  2.  Any  exanthematous  or 
eruptive  fever.  3.  In  biology,  any  irregular  spot  on 
the  surface  of  a  leaf  or  other  organ.  A  Table  of  the 
Exanthemata  is  appended  on  page  450.  E.,  Syph- 
ilitic.    See  Roseola,  Syphilitic. 

Exanthematic   (eks-an-them-af '-ih).      See  Exanthema- 
tous.     E.  Typhus.     See   Typhus  Fever. 
29 


Exanthematology  (eks-an-them-at-ol'  -o-je)  [igavdtjua, 
eruption;  '/o-.ur,  science].  The  science  of  the  ex- 
anthematous disi 

Exanthematous  (eks-an-them'  al-us)  [t^avf)>/ua,  erup- 
tion]. ( )|  tin- nature  of  or  characterized  by  exanthema, 
or  eruption  ;   of  the  nature  of  an  eruptive  fever. 

Exanthesis  (eks-an-the'-sis)  [ii-av&i/oic,  a  blossoming: 
pl.f  JSxantheses~\.   I.  The  breaking  ippearan 

an  exanthem.     2.  Any  exanthematous   disease.      E. 
rosalia  arthrodynia.      Synonym  of  Dengue. 

Exanthinic  Acid   {,  '■   an-tkin'-ik).    See.-/,/,/. 

Exanthropia   [eks-an-thro' -pe-ah)   [ff,   out;  avftjx 
men].        Morbid    dislike    of   human    society  ;     apan- 
thropia. 

Exarteritis  [eks-ar-ter-i' '-lis)  [ff,  out;  aprr/pia,  artery  ; 
trig,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the  outer  coat 
of  an  artery. 

Exarthrima  (eks-ar-thrim/-ah)  [ef,  out;  apdpov,  joint: 
pi.,  Exarthrimata~\.  Luxation  or  dislocation  of  a 
joint. 

Exarticulate    (eks-ar-tik* ' -u-lat)   [ex,  priv.  ;  articulate, 
to  join].       In    biology,    applied   to     limbs,    anten 
palpi,  or  other  appendages  destitute  of  joints. 

Exarticulation  (eks-ar-tik-u-la' '-shun)  [ex,  out;  articu- 
lus,  joint].  I.  Luxation  of  a  joint.  2.  Amputation 
at  a  joint. 

Excandescentia  [ex-kan-des-en' '-she-ah)  [ex,  out;  can- 
deseere,  to  glow].  Angry  or  furious  mania  ;  a  parox- 
ysm of  insane  fury. 

Excarnation  (eks-kar-na'-shun)  [ex,  out ;  caro,  flesh]. 
The  removal  of  superfluous  tissue  from  an  anatomic 
preparation. 

Excaudate  (eks-kaw'-dat)  [ex,  priv.  ;  cauda,  tail].  In 
biology,  tailless. 

Excavation  (eks-kav-a' '-shun)  [excavare,  to  hollow 
out].  A  hollow  or  cavity,  as  in  the  lungs  or  in  a 
tissue.  E.  of  the  Optic  Nerve,  a  hollowing  or 
"  cupping"  of  the  disc,  or  optic  nerve-entrance,  that 
may  be  physiologic  or  congenital,  and  without  par- 
ticular significance  ;  or  pathologic,  the  result  of  glau- 
coma, optic  atrophy,  etc. 

Excavator  (eks'-kav-a-/or)  [excavare,  to  hollow  out]. 
A  dental  instrument  for  opening  and  forming  cavities 
and  removing  decayed  matter  from  them;  e.  g.,  the 
hatchet,  hoe,  and  chisel. 

Excentric  (eks-senf  -trik)  [ex,  out ;  centrum,  center]. 
I.  See  Eccentric.  2.  Out  of  the  center  or  median 
line.  E.  Pains,  radiating  pains,  symptomatic  of 
spinal  disease,  due  to  irritation  of  the  posterior  nerve- 
roots.  The  pains  are  felt  to  be  in  the  peripheral 
organs,  hence  the  name. 

Excerebration  (eks-ser-e-bra' '-shun)  [<\r,out;  cerebrum, 
brain].  The  removal  of  the  fetal  brain  in  the  process 
of  embryotomy. 

Excipient  {ek-sip'  -e-cnt)  [excipere,  to  take  up].  In 
pharmacy,  any  substance  used  to  give  an  agreeable  or 
convenient  form  to  the  ingredients  of  a  prescription. 

Exciple  (ek'-sip-l)  [excipulum,  a  receiving-vessel]. 
That  part  of  a  lichen  forming  the  rim  of  the  perithe- 
cium,  or  immediately  surrounding  it. 

Excision  (ek-sizh' -un)  [exeisio,  a  cutting  out].  The 
operation  of  removing  a  part  or  tissue  by  cutting ;  a 
cutting  out. 

Excitability  (eh-sit-ab-il'-it-e)  [exeitare,  to  rouse].  The 
property  of  reacting  to  stimulus. 

Excitant  [ek-si' '-tant)  [exeitare,  to  rouse].  A  remedy 
that  stimulates  the  activity  of  an  organ. 

Excitation  (ek-si-ta' '-shun)  [exeitare,  to  rouse].  The 
act  of  stimulating  or  irritating.  E.,  Direct,  in  electro- 
therapeutics, the  excitement  of  a  muscle  by  placing 
an  electrode  on  the  muscle  itself.  E.,  Indirect,  the 
excitement  of  a  mu>cle  through  its  nerve. 


EXCITO  I  Vl  l  RVATION 

fABLE   OF  THE    EXANTHEMATA. 


- 

\\  ithin 
boui 

red; 

mai  .. 

in. ill, 
dai  k-i  ed.with 

dei 

p  let  e    in    -'i 

hOUl 

. 

Lo<  \  1 1 

Dl        ■    IMA- 

•  N. 

1  >•   R  \- 

Dis- 

VALES- 

i  EN(  K. 

; 

iiu>  days. 
.;  t..  5  days. 

I  ace. 

Branny,  or  in 

large  Makes. 

1  to  1 

weeks. 

Crisis. 

e :     tlun 
downward 
over  bodj 

Branny.     8-11 
days. 

2 
weeks. 

( '1  isis 

Maculae ;  rose- 

ioroil; 
rounded  :  dis- 

3  days. 

Face  and  scalp; 
then     down- 
ward    over 
body. 

Slightly   bran- 
ny. 

4  to  7 
days. 

Crisis. 

Within 
hours. 

7th  day. 

Diffuse;   scar- 
let ;  punctate. 

7  to  io  days. 

Neck,  chest, 
face;     then 
over  body. 

Scales  or  1 
Hakes.  About 
one  week. 

2  to  3 

weeks. 

Lysis. 

ired,  len- 
ticular sputs. 

Each  crop  3  to 
5  days.    Last 
10  to  20  days 
or     through- 
out the  whole 
course  of  the 
fever. 

Abdomen, 
chest,    and 
back. 

Slightly  bran- 
ny or  none. 

3  to  4 

weeks. 

Lysis. 

Usually  5th 

day :  may  be 
ii   not 
till  7th  day. 

Measly  spots ; 
pel 

streaks ;  col- 
or, mulberry- 

Few  days,  or 
may     last 
throughout 
the  course  of 
the  disease. 

Sides  of  chest 

and    a  b  1 1  <  >- 
nun  ;    arms  ; 
back. 

Slightly   bran- 
ny. 

2  to  4 
weeks. 

Crisis. 

I  tO  2 

Within  12  to 

>urs. 

In  crops. 

■  les. 

5  to  8  days. 

Back,    chest, 
arms. 

Crusts.     5-8 
days. 

2 
weeks. 

Lysis. 

4th  day. 

Umbilicated 
■  ules. 

21  to  25  days. 

Face,  and  over 
body. 

Crusts.     12-22 
days. 

4  to  5 
weeks. 

Lysis. 

Excito-  itise].     A  Latin  prefix 

n.     E. -motor,  excit- 
drug  or  agent 
the   motor    nerve-cenl 
-nutrient  |uickening  the   | 

E. -reflex,  pertaining  to  a  reflex  action 
E. -secretory,  arous- 
tion.      E. -vaso- 
motor 1, 
Excitor  who  or 

Exclave  ['"r]-      A    detached 


in 
Excochleation 


ary. 

.  to  shut  out],     A 
nosisby,  the  reachingofa  final 

luding 
mpossible,  from   a 

hlea, 
i  with  the 


Excoriation  ,,,n % ,),,. 

1 

•1    in    wli 
nn  ■!!.       Ii  heals  with- 

u  in  prui 

Excreation  ;/. 


Excrement  {eksf-kre  ment )  \excernere-,  to  separate  ;  to 

excrete].     An  excreted  substance;  the  feces. 
Excrement  [eks' '-kre-ment  )  [excrescere,  to  grow  out]. 

An  old  name  for  the  hair,  nails,  etc. 
Excrementitious   [eks-kre-men-tish' -us)   \excernere,   to 

separate  ;   to  excrete].      Pertaining  t<>  the  excrement. 
Excrescence  [eks-kres' '-ens)   [    >    •       re,  to  grow  out]. 
An  abnormal  outgrowth  upon  the  body.     See  Cauli- 
flower 1:  CO 
Excreta    [eks-kre' '-tah)    [/>/.  .•  excemere,  to   separate]. 
The  natural  discharges  of  the  body,  particularly  th 
ie  bowels  ;   feces. 
Excretin      [exsf -kre-tin)     \excemere,      to     separate], 
1    J  I,11      One  of  the  constituents  of  feces.     It  occurs 
little  leaves  or  tufts  mixed  with  needles,  insoluble 
in  cold  or  hot  water,  soluble  ill  hoi  alcohol  and  ether  ; 
ii  3  reaction  is  neutral. 
Excretion  {eks- kre1 '• shun)  [excretio ;   excemere,  to  ex 
te].     The  separation  of  the  waste  products  of  an 
in,  or  of   the  body  a>  a  whole,  out  of  the  blood 
reted. 
Excretory     1  <ks' '-kre-tor-e)     \excretio ; 
b  i        Pertaining    to    excretion, 

■  eying    the     1  '     bom 

organ  to  the  discharging  point.     See  Duct. 
Excurrent   {eks-kur*    nt)    [ex,  out;    currere,  to  run]. 

ling  or  going  outward,  as  an  excurrent  canal. 
Excurvation   [ex-kur-va'-shun)  [ex,  out;    curvai 

curve].      A  deformity  of  the  eyelid  affecting  almost 


•nere,    to 

E.    Duct,    a 

the    excretory 


EXEDEN 1 


l.-.l 


EXOMETRI  1  In 


exclusively  the  upper  palpebra,  and  one  in  which  the 
tarsal  cartilage  becomes  turned  outward.      It  • 
ally  develops  in  protracted  cases  ol  granular  i 

tivitis. 

Exedent  [ek'-se-dent  )  \exedens ;  ex,ovX\  edere,  to<  al  j 
Rodent  ;  eating  away  tin-  tissues. 

Exelcysmos  [eks-el-sis/-mo  \  [•,-,  from;  iXxveiv,  to 
draw].      Extraction,  as  of  teeth. 

Exencephalocele  {eks-en-sef'-al-o-sll 

a/nv,  brain;  k /,/.'/,  hernia].  Cerebral  hernia;  an 
exencephalous  tumor;  a  mass  of  brain-substance  out- 
side of  the  cranial  cavity. 

Exencephalon  {el-t-cn-sef'-al-on).  Same  as  Exenceph- 
a/us. 

Exencephalus  [eks-en-sef'-al-us)  [/-,  out  ;  kviu<pa\oc, 
brain].  A  species  of  single  autositic  monsters  char- 
acterized by  a  malformed  brain,  situated,  at  least  in 
part,  without  the  cranial  cavity,  the  bony  walls  of 
which  are  themselves  imperfect.  The  specimens  of 
this  nature  are  divided  into  two  main  classes — tl 
with  and  those  without  a  spinal  fissure.  2.  A  variety  of 
autositic  monsters  of  the  foregoing  species  in  which 
there  is  an- arrested  development  of  the  cranial  bones, 
with  protrusion  of  the  brain,  associated  with  an  exten- 
sive spina  bifida. 

Exenteratio  bulbi.      See  Exenteration  0/ the  Orbit. 

Exenteration  [eks-en-ter-a' 'shun)  [ef,  out;  brrepw,  in- 
testine]. I.  Removal  of  the  intestines  or  thoracic 
viscera  in  embryotomy.  2.  In  ophthalmology,  the 
operation  of  evisceration  of  the  contents  of  the  eyeball, 
leaving  the  globe  as  a  stump  in  the  orbit.  E.  of  the 
Orbit,  the  removal  of  the  contents  of  the  orbital  cavity. 

Exenteritis  [eks-en-ter-i' '-its)  [.-.out;  evrepov,  bowel ; 
iTic,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the  outer  or 
peritoneal  coat  of  the  intestine. 

Exercise  [eksf-er-slz)  [exercere,  to  keep  busy].  Func- 
tional activity  of  the  muscles  ;  often  applied  to  such  ac- 
tivity when  its  purpose  is  the  preservation  or  restoration 
of  the  health.  E.,  Active,  that  exerted  by  the  will  of 
the  patient.  E.,  Passive,  when  the  part  is  moved  by 
another,  or  acted  upon,  as  in  massage.  E.  Bones, 
Rider's  bones;  osseous  growths  occasionally  found  in 
the  muscles. 

Exeresis  {eks-er' '-es-is)  [ff ,  out ;  aiphiv,  to  take]. 
Surgical  removal,  as  by  excision  or  extraction;  evacu- 
tion. 

Exfetation  {eks-fe-ta' -shun)  \e.xfe/atio~\.  Ectopic  or  ex- 
trauterine fetation. 

Exfoliation  {eks-fo-le-a' '■  shun)  [exfoliatio ;  exfoliare,  to 
shed  leaves].  The  lamellar  (or  other)  separation  of 
bone  or  other  tissue  from  the  living  structure  in  Dry 
Necrosis,  etc. 

Exhalant  [eks-ha'-lant)  \_exhalare,  to  breathe  out].  I. 
Serving  for  exhalation  ;  exhaling.  2.  A  pore  or  organ 
of  exhalation. 

Exhalation  {ex-hal-a'-shun)  \exhalare,  to  breathe  out]. 
The  process  of  giving  off  or  exhaling  vaporous  or 
eftluvial  matters ;  the  vapor,  subtle  particles,  etc. , 
given  off  by  the  body  through  the  skin  or  lungs. 

Exhaustion  |  ■:'-vnii)   [exhaurire,  to  pour  out]. 

Great  loss  of  vital  and  nervous  power  from  fatigue  or 
protracted  disease. 

Exhibit  {ek-zib'-it)  [exhibere,  to  give].  To  administer 
as  a  medicine. 

Exhibition  {ek-zib-ish' -un)  [exhibere,  to  give].  In  legal 
medicine,  the  exposing  of  the  genitalia  in  public  pl.i 

Exhibitionism  {ek-zib-ish' '-un-izm)  [exhibere,  to  give]. 
A  perversion  of  the  sexual  feeling  that  leads  the 
patient  to  expose  the  genital  organs. 

Exhibitionist  [ek-zib-ish' '-un-isi)  [exhibere,  to  give]. 
An  insane  person  who  wilfully  and  indecently  exposes 
himself. 


Exhilarant  {ek-zil* -ar-ant)  [exhilarare,  to  cheer].     An 
ot    to   enliven   and    cheer  the    mind.        E.  Gas, 
nitrous  oxid  gas. 

Exhumation  u        '  out  of;  humu 

ground].     The  digging  up  after  interment  of  a  dead 
ii  in  medico-legal  inquiries,  or  for 
reinterment. 

Exindusiate  i  ks-in-duf  -at)  [ex,  priv. ;  induere,  to  put 
on  ;  indusium,  the  covering  of  the  fruit-dots  in  ferns]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  such  ferns  as  lack  the  indusium. 

Exner's  Solution.     See  Stain  ,   Table  of. 

Exocardiac,  or  Exocardial  [eks-o-kar1 '-de-ak,  or  eks-o- 
kar*-de-al)    [ifw,  out;  .   heart].       Originating 

or  situated  outside  of  the-  ln-art. 

Exocarditis  [eks-o-kar-di'  .out;  napdia,  heart; 

,  inflammation].      Inflammation  of  the  outer  sur- 
face of  tin-  heart.      Also  a  synonym  of  Pericard 

Exocarp  [eks'-o-karp)  [cfw,  outside;  icapirSg,  fruit]. 
In  biology,  the  outer  layer  of  a  pericarp  whin  the 
latter  consists  of  more  than  one  layer. 

Exoccipital  {eks-ok-sip' -it-al)  [ex,  out;  occiput,  the  oc- 
ciput].     Lying  to  the  side  of   the  foramen   magnum. 
E.  Bone,  the  neurapophysial  or  condyloid  part  of  the 
occipital  bone,  with  which  in   adult  life  it   is  consoli 
dated. 

Exocelar  (eks-ose* '-lar)  [efw,  outside;  tcotXia, body-cav- 
ity]. In  biology,  situated  on  the  outer  or  somatic  wall 
of  the  body-cavity. 

Exocelarium  ieks-o-se-la-re' '-urn)  [£%(•>,  outside;  koiTlUl, 
body-cavity].  In  biology,  the  epithelium  of  the  outer 
wall  of  the  body-cavity. 

Exocelum  (eks-o-se'-lum)  [llja,  outside;  KOikia,  the 
body-cavity].  In  biology,  the  extra-embryonic  part 
of  the  body-cavity  shut  off  by  the  somatic  and  splanch- 
nic stalks  at  the  umbilicus.      (Sevenka.) 

Exochorion  (eks-o-ko'-r,  n)  |  _-<.\  outside;  x"t>",v> 
chorion].      The  external  layer  of  the  chorion. 

Exocolitis  (eks-o-ko-li'-tis)  [£$u,  out  ;  k6aov,  colon  ; 
ir/r,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the  outer  or 
peritoneal  coat  of  the  colon. 

Exocranium  {eks-o-kra'-ne-utri)  [cfw,  out;  upaviov, 
cranium].  The  outer  surface  of  the  skull  ;  the 
pericranium. 

Exodic  (eks-od'-ih)  [efo,  out  ;  6d6g,  a  way].  Transmit- 
ting impulses  outward  from  the  central  nervous 
system;   efferent;   centrifugal. 

Exodontosis  {eks-o-don-to'  -sis).  See  Exostosis  of  the 
Teeth. 

Exodyne  (eks' -o-din)  [ifw,  out  of;  bdvvr),  pain].  A 
mixture  of  acetanilid  90,  sodium  salicylate  5,  and 
sodium  bicarbonate  5  ;    it  is  used  as  an  anodyne. 

Exogamy  [eks-og* '-am-e)  [££(•>,  outside;  ydpoc,  mar- 
riage]. The  law  that  forbids  marriage  between 
persons  of  the  same  family.      |  Lang.) 

Exogastritis  {eks-o-gas-tri' -tis)  [efw,  out ;  yaarrjp,  belly ; 
tttf,  inflammation].      See  Perigastritis. 

Exogen  {eks/-o-jen)  [t;u,  outside;  ;  \  producing]. 
In  biology,  one  of  the  two  primary  classes  of  flower- 
ing-plants, characterized  by  the  growth  of  the  >tems 
in  concentric  layers  ;  more  properly  called  Dicoty- 
ledons. 

Exogenetic  {eks-o-jen-etf-ik)  \}iu,  outward  ;  yewav,  to 
produce].      Due   to   an   external    cause;     not    at; 
within  the  organism. 

Exogenous  en-us)    [eft))  out  ;    yewav,  to  pro- 

duce].     Of   the  nature  of   an    exogen  ;    growing    by 
accretions  to  the  outer  surface. 

Exognathite  [eks-ogr -nath-lt).     See  Basecphysis. 

Exogonium  {eks-o-go,-ne-um\.     Seey 

Exometritis  (eks-o-me-tri'-tis)  [efw,  out ;    uijrpa,  womb; 
.     inflammation].       Perimetritis;     less     correctly, 
parametritis.      See  Metritis. 


1  V  'Ml'HAl  I  IS 


i:\rik.vn  >k\ 


Exomphalos 

In  imbilical 

lcural  rve]. 

tppa- 

Exopalhic 

wil 

lium  utside ; 

l    leather   poll 
I  lu-  outer  peridium 
.  nth -star. 

E., 
pes  ex<  ited  by 
mmodative  centen 
nvex  len 
myopia. 
Exophthalmi.  .  out  ; 

phthalmos.     E.  Goiter.      See 

:->hthalmometer  oul  ; 

.    measure].      An    instrument 
Kophthalmus. 
Exophthalmos, Exophthalmu  -  f-thal' '-mos,-tnus) 

Abnormal  prominence  or 
alls.        E.,    Pulsating,   that 
iruit  and  pulsation,  due  to  an  aneu- 
forward. 
Exoplasm  [ ■  ;■■*.  outside;    rrXaaaeiv,  to 

ml.    In  biology,  the  outer  protoplasm  of  a  unicellu- 
lar organism  <>r  histologic  cell. 
Exopodite  outside;     iroii 

].       In  the  outer  of    the  two  main  divi- 

typical  crustacean  limb    or    appendage. 

:  ris. 

Exorhinus  .   without ;    f>ig,    nose]. 

Lis  i  skull  in  which  the  angle  betwi 

oasion  and  the  alveolar  point  and 

rhinion  and  20.50. 

Exormia  to  go  forth].     Any 

Exoskeleton  [eks-o-skel' '-et-un)  [If u,  outside  ;  oveeJ 

.  ].    In  biology,  the  outer  envelop  of  many 

1    the   protection    and 

ting    an     integument 

hi  tin.  lime,  or  other 

Exosmo  ■-.'.-  <sis. 

Exosmo  lis  thrust]. 

is  and  Osmosis. 
-motic  thrust]. 

Exospor-  (    seed]. 

Exoston.  mouth], 

ale, 

.tosis  ne]. 

rowth  of  I..,-  ially 

•In-   surface  of  a  pre 
E.    of  the    Teeth  den- 

tium  ;  •;,    from 

i  ■  1-  the 
u-ually 
■     '    ■ 

-  or  less 
E.,  Ivory,  a    ! 

ill    size, 

mall  walnut.      It  springs 

ranial  bones. 


Histologically,  it  is  marked  by  the  absence  ol   Haver 

-1. in  canals. 

Exostotu  .,1    [._-,  out;     urrr.'r/r,  lione].       (  )f 

the  nature  of  exostosis. 

Exoteric  >'-ik)  [efurepuoic,  external],    Synony 

mous  \\  ith  /•'.  xopath 

Exoterorhinus  [eks-i  i'-nus)  [■  outside; 

.  nose],  Lissauer's  term  for  a  skull  in  which  the 
angle  between  the  lines  joining  the  nasion  and  the 
alveolar  point  and  rhinion  is  between  22.  50  and  450. 

Exotheca  {eks-o-the'-k  ah  1   |    fu,  outside;  Brjicq,  a  cast  J. 
In  biology,   the  proper  calcareous  investment  of  the 
eral  chamber  of  a  coral. 

Exothecium  [eks-o-ther -se-um\    [■;'■',  outside;  "',  <• 
e].      In  biology,  the  epidermis  of  the  anther. 

Exothyropexy    (eks-o-thif-ro-peks-e)     [  Ifu,    without; 
.   a   shield;   -<:<.  fixation].     Partial   extrusion 
of  goiter,  with  subsequent  atrophy  from  constriction, 
cicatrization,  etc. 

Exotic  {eks-oP-ik)  [Ifanv/rtJc,  foreign].  Pertaining  to 
plants  and  products  from  another  country. 

Exotropia  [eks-o-tro,-pe-aK\.     See  Strabismus. 

Expansive  {eks-pan' '-sif\  [expandere,  to  spread  out]. 
Comprehensive;  wide-extending.  E.  Delirium, 
insane  over-estimation  of  one's  mental  or  bodily 
powers.      See  Exaltation. 

Expectant  {eks-pek* -tant}  \expectare,  to  look  out  for]. 
Awaiting  or  expecting;  applied  to  a  plan  of  treatment 
consisting  in  watching  the  progress  ol  a  disease,  and 
not  interfering  with  therapeutic  measures,  unless  war- 
ranted by  special  symptoms. 

Expectation  [eks-pek-ta' -shuri)  \expectare,  to  expect]. 
Same  as  Expectant.  E.  of  Life,  the  average  num- 
ber of  years  that  persons  of  a  given  age,  taken 
with  another,  live,  assuming  that  they  die  according 
to  a  given  table  of  the  probabilities  of  life.  It  thus 
has  no  relation  to  the  most  probable  life  of  a  single 
given  individual.  E.  of  L.,  Complete,  the  addition 
of  one-half  year  to  the  curtate  expectation  to  allow 
for  that  portion  of  a  year  lived  by  each  person  in  the 
year  of  his  death.  E.  of  L.,  Curtate,  the  average 
number  of  whole  or  completed  years  lived  by  each 
person. 

Expectorant  [eks-pek' '-to-rant)  [c.r,out;  pectus, breast]. 
1.  Promoting  expectoration.  2.  A  remedy  that  pro 
motes   expectoration. 

Expectoration  [eks-pek-tor-af -shun)  [  tr,  out;  pectus, 
breast].  I.  The  ejection  from  the  mouth  of  material 
brought  into  it  by  the  air-passages.  2.  The  fluid  or 
semi-fluid  matters  from  the  lungs  and  air-passages  ex- 
pelled by  coughing  and  spitting.  E.,  Prune-juice. 
See  Prune-juice.  E.,  Rusty.  See  Rusty  Exp, 
rat 

Expellent  [eks-pel'-ent)  \expellere,  to  drive  out].  A 
medicine  that  has  power  to  expel  a  materies  morbi. 

Experiment  {eks-per'-im-ent)  \experimentare,  to  ex- 
periment].     A  trial  or  test. 

Experimentum   1  im  en'-tum}    [P.]       Sam 

tperiment.      E.    mirabile    of    Kirchner,    a    hyp 
ion    in  animals,  a  hen,  e.  :  ..  remaining 

in  a  fixed  position  when  the  head  is  pressed  down  and 
a  chalk  line  made  from  its  beak. 
Expert  [eks'-pert )  [expertus,    proved],     A    person  es- 
iallv  qualified  in  a  science   or   art.      E.,    Medical, 
a  physician  peculiarly  fitted  by  experience  "i   special 
rider  an    authoritative  opinion  in  medico- 
1]  or  diagnostic  questions. 
Expiration  (eki  pi  ra'-shuri)  [expirare,  to  breathe  out]. 
The  a.  t  ol   breathing  forth,  or  expelling  air   from  the 
lungs. 
Expiratory  [eks-pi'-rat  or  e)  \expirare,  to  breathe  out] 
Relating  to  or  concerned  in  the  expiration  of  air. 


EXPIRE 


153 


EX  1  RA 


Expire  [eks-plrf)  [expirare,to  breathe  out].  To  breathe 
out  ;  to  die. 

Explanate  [eks/-plan  at)  [explanare,  to  flatten,  spread 
out].  In  biology,  spread  <>ut,  flattened;  applied  to 
parts  usually  rolled  or  loldi  'I 

Exploration    (eks-plor-a'-shun)    [  .    to    seari  h 

out  J.  The  searching  out  the  condition  of  a  diseased 
organ  or  part  by  means ol  auscultation,  palpation,  pei 
i  ossion,  etc.  Also  the  seari  bing  ol  a  wound  to  learn 
its  nature,  course,  etc.,  and  ii  foreign  bodies  may  be 
present.  Also  the  examination  ol  the  female  genital 
organs  by  the  linger  or  instrument  for  diagnostic  pur 

pox-.-. 

Explorator,  Explorer  {eks'  -plor-a  tor,  .•  i  plot  ' 
plorare,  to   search   out"].     An    instrument   for  use  in 
exploration.      E.,  Electric,  an   instrument  lor  detect- 
ing a  bullet  by  means  of  the  electric  current 

Exploratory    (eks-plor1 '-at-or-e)     [exp  .    to   search 

out].      Pertaining  to  exploration.      E.   Puncture,  the 
puncture  of  a  cavity  or    tumor   and   extraction    tb 
from   of  some  of  the   contents   to   learn   their   nature. 
E.    Trocar,   one   especially  adapted   for    exploratory- 
puncture. 

Explosion  (eks-plo/ -zhun)  [explodere,  to  drive  away]. 
I.  The  sudden  expansion  of  a  body  of  small  volume 
into  great  volume,  with  the  resulting  effects.  2.  The 
sudden  and  violent  occurrence  of  any  symptom  or 
function. 

Explosive  (eks-plor -siv)  [explodere,  to  drive  away]. 
See  Consonants.  E.  speech,  speech  characterized  by 
suddenness  and  expilosiveness  of  enunciation. 

Exposure  (eks-po' '-zhur)  [exponere,  to  expose].  I.  The 
act  of  laying  bare,  as  the  genitals.  2.  The  state  of 
being  open  to  some  action  or  influence,  as  of  cold  or  wet. 

Expression  (eks-presh1 '-un)  [expressns ;  exprimere,  to 
press  out].  I.  A  pressing  out.  The  forcible  separa- 
tion of  liquids  from  solids  by  pressure.  2.  The 
recognizable  manifestation  through  the  facial  linea- 
ments or  the  voice  of  any  subjective  feeling.  E.  of 
Fetus  or  Placenta,  assisting  the  expulsion  of  fetus 
or  placenta  by  pressure  upon  the  abdominal  walls. 

Expulsion  [eks-pul'-shun)  [expulsio ;  expellere,  to 
drive  out].  The  act  of  driving  out.  E.,  Spontane- 
ous, the  extrusion  of  the  fetus  or  the  placenta 
without  external  aid. 

Expulsive  (eks-pul1 '-siv)  [expellere,  to  drive  out]. 
Pertaining  to  the  extrusion  or  driving  out  of  the  fetus 
in  childbirth,  the  voiding  of  the  feces,  urine,  etc. 

Exsanguination  (ek-sang-gwin-a'-shun)  [ex,  priv.  ; 
sanguis,  blood].  The  forcible  expulsion  of  blood 
from  a  part,  as  before  amputation. 

Exsanguine  [ek-sang,-gwin)\ex,  priv.;  sanguis, blood]. 
Bloodless. 

Exsanguinity  (ek-sang-gwin'-it-e)  [ex,  priv.  ;  sanguis, 
blood].      Bloodlessness ;     extreme  pallor. 

Exscinded  {ek-sin' '-ded)  [ex,  out;  scindere,  to  cut]. 
In  biology,  terminating  abruptly  in  an  angular  notch. 

Exscreation  {ek-skre-a'-shun)  [ex,  out ;  screare,  to 
hawk].  The  act  of  clearing  the  throat  by  hawking 
and  spitting. 

Exsculptate  (eks-kidp'-tat)  [exsculpere,  to  carve  out]. 
In  biology,  presenting  a  sculptured  appearance. 

Exsert,  Exserted  [ekf-sert,  ek-ser* '-ted)  [exserere,  to 
thrust  out] .  In  biology,  projecting,  as  a  stigma  beyond 
the  anthers. 

Exsertus  (ek-ser* '-tus)  [L.].  Protruding;  sometimes 
applied  to  teeth  that  protrude.     See  Dens  exsertus. 

Exsiccatae,  Exsiccati  (ek-sik-atr-e,-i)  [exsiccare, to  dry 
up].      In  biology,  the  dried  plants  of  an  herbarium. 

Exsiccation  (ek-sik-a' '-shun)  [ex,  out;  siccus,  dry]. 
The  process  of  depriving  a  solid  of  its  moisture  or 
volatile  constituents  by  the  agency  of  moderate  heat. 


Exsiccative  {ek-sik'-at-iv)  [exsiccare,  to  dry  up].  i. 
Having  a  >trong  drying  tendency.  2.  A  desiccating 
<>r  drying  remedy  or  application. 

Exsiccator    [ek'-sik  a  ,  to   dry  up].       A 

closed    glass  vessel  containing  a  tray  of  II.,S<  \. 
to  dry  and  cool  substam  iratory  t'»  weighing. 

Exspuition  [eks-pu  /  >•'  un)  [<  r,  out;  spuere,  to  spit]. 
I     pei  toration  ;  spitting. 

Exstipulate   [ek  [ex,    without;    stiju. 

-stipule].      In  biology,  destitute  of  stipuli 

Exstrophy  (eks'-tro-fi )   [kiarrpiipetv,  to  evert].      I.   The 
turning    of    a   hollow   organ   inside  out;    the   sta 
being  turned   inside  out.     2.    1  ongenital  absenc    ol 
the  anterior  wall   of  the  bladder  and  abdomen    with 
extroversion  of  the  bladder. 

Exsuccation  (ek-suk-ka' -shun)  [ex,  out  ;  succus,  juice]. 
Same-  as  Ecchymosis. 

Exsuccous  (ek-suk'-us)  [ex,  without ;  snccns,  juice, 
sap],      [n  biology,  juiceless.     Also  written  Exuccous. 

Exsufflation  [ek-suf-la1 '-shun)  [ex,  out;  sufflare,  to 
blow].      Forced  discharge  of  the  breath. 

Exta  (eks'-tah)  [L. ,//.].  The  viscera,  especially  tho-e 
of  the  chest. 

Extension  (eks-tenf -shun)  [extendere,  to  stretch  out]. 
I.  The  opposite  of  flexion;  the  straightening  of  a 
flexed  limb  by  the  natural  and  functional  process  ;  the 
state  of  a  limb  that  is  not  flexed.  2.  Traction  made 
upon  a  fractured  or  dislocated  limb  in  order  to  bring 
the  parts  into  proper  apposition.  E.,  Angular,  a 
method  of  reducing  and  maintaining  old  dislocations 
of  the  hip.  E.,  Counter-,  traction  upon  the  trunk  01 
the  trunk-end  of  a  fractured  limb  in  addition  to 
tension.  E.,  Double,  traction  applied  to  both  limbs  in 
hip-joint  disease,  etc.  E.  Stage  in  Labor,  one  of 
the  stages  of  labor,  consisting  in  the  bending  of  the 
fetal  head,  the  occiput  toward  the  back. 

Extensor  (eks-ten'-sor)  [extendere,  to  extend].  That 
which  stretches  out  or  extends.  E.  Muscles.  See 
Muscles,  Table  of.  E.  Tetanus,  in  general  spasms 
the  extensor  muscles  overcome  the  flexors,  and  the 
spasm  thus  becomes  an  extensor  tetanus. 

Extenuation  (eks-ten-u-a' -shun)  [ex,ox& ;  tenuis,  thin]. 
Thinness;   leanness  of  body  ;  delicacy. 

Extern   {eks' -tern)    [extemus,  outward].      I.   Outside; 
outside  the  gates  of  a  hospital.    2.  An  out-door  patient. 
3.    A   medical  student,  or   graduate,   who  attends 
out-door  charity  cases.      E.  Maternity,  a  lying-in  in 
a  private  house. 

Externalization  (eks-tern-al-iz-a'-shun)  [externus,  out- 
ward].     The  process  of  externalizing,  or  embody) 
E.  of  Sensation.     See  Sensitivisation. 

Exte,rnomedian  (eks-ter-no-me/-de-an)  [externus,  out- 
ward ;  medius,  middle].  In  biology,  outside  the 
median  line. 

Extesticulate  (eks-tes-tik'-u-ldt)  [ex,  out ;  testiculus,  a 
testicle].     To  castrate. 

Extinction  (eks-tink' '-shun)  [extinguere, to  extinguish]. 
Complete  abeyance  or  final  loss,  as  of  the  voice  ;   a 
incomplete  loss 

Extine  [eks'-tin)  [externus,  outside].  In  biology,  the 
outer  coat  of  a  pollen-grain.      Also  Exine  (Schacht). 

Extirpation  [eks-ter-paf -shun)  [extirpate,  to  root  out]. 
Thorough  excision  or  out-rooting  of  a  part,  as  of  a 
gland,  a  tumor,  the  uterus,  the  ovaries,  etc.  E.  of 
the  Eyeball,  complete  removal  of  the  globe  of  the 
eye.      Enucleation. 

Extra-  (eks'-trah-)  [L.].  A  prefix,  meaning  outside, 
without.  E. -axillary,  in  biology,  applied  to  a  branch 
or  bud  somewhat  out  of  the  axil.  E. -current,  the 
induced  electric  current.  E. -enteric.  In  biology, 
perivisceral.  E. -neural,  situated  or  occurring  out- 
side of   a  nerve.      A  term  applied  to  certain  nervous 


SL'LARIUM 


154 


EX  fROVERSION 


:    -       ilar, 

K.  -pelvic, 
E. -polar 

Re. 

thin 
K. -uterine,  with- 
K.-u.  Pregnane 
u.  Life, 

■ 
In  .  radiolarian  out- 

without; 
mtsid     ol  the 

.  without  : 
tunled  outside  tli 
tal  .  without 

ribs.     E.    Muscle,    any 

Extracrureus  outside; 

nui>  muscle.     See  Mus- 

Extract.  Extractum  -.ik/'-ttn:  'its; 

■ ./].     In  pharmacy,  a 

n,  made  by  extracting  the 

if    a    drug    and    evaporating    the 

Ucohol  and  water 

I  lure   are    53  official 

E..  Alcoholic,  that  in  which  alcohol  is  the 

E.,  Aqueous,  thai  d  by  using  water 

it.     E.,  Fluid,  in  pharmacy,  an  alcoholic 

solid  principles  of  a 

i  that  looo  gran: 

liter  of  the  fluid 
tracts,  besides  53 

.  out ;  trahere, 

alculus, 

-  of 

hiefly  by  the  action  of  some  rnen- 

r.     E.  of  Cataract, 

il   operation. 

ilmosl  nam- 

Da  Method,  improved  by  i  sists 

upward  in    Daviel's, 

'  the  margin, 

,  of  the  li 

I  and.  with  modification, 

tors,  and 

Flap-extraction.      I  hi    Discission- 

operation  u  jn  jn. 

■  '1  and 

1        In  v. 
G:  Peripheral   Linear  Method,   the    Gi 

t  5  mm.   fi 

;      a) 
is  finally 
cut  "p 

-ris 

Graefe's  Modi- 

Needling, 
le-operatiot.  Sim 

:    an 


omission  of   the  iridectomy.       The  Suction   Method 
nsists  in   the  extraction  of  soft   cataracts  by  sucking 

the  lenticular  matter  through  a  syringe  nozzle  intro 

duced  into  the  lens  substance,  or  by  other  methods. 
ations,  Tab  e  of. 
Extractive  (eks-trak'  \    r,  out  ;  trahere,  to  draw]. 

1.  In  pharmacy,  a  substance  which,  during  the  pre* 

ol     making    an    extract    from    a    vegetable   or    drug    of 
ttable  origin,  becomes  dark,  and  finally  insoluble. 

J.    An\   one  of  a  class  ol    nitrogenous    bodies    (such  as 
atin  and  xanthin)   that    may  be  extracted    in  small 

amount  from  various  animal  tissues.      By  some  writers 

they  are  classed  as  protein  compounds. 
Extractor  (eks-trak' -tor)  [ex,  out;    traAere,  to   draw]. 

An  instrument  tor  extracting  bullets,  sequestrse,  etc. 

E.,  Screw,  one   armed   with  a  screw-attachment;  a 

tire/ 
Extractum   [eks-trak' -turn).      See  Extract.      E.   ferri 

pomatum,  or  E.  pomi    ferratum,  ferrated    extract 

of  apples;  official  in  the  German  Pharmacy  and  given 

in   the    National    Formulary;    it  is  an  extract  of  sour 

apples,    50   part-,  with    iron    one    part.       It   contains  a 

crude  malate  of  iron. 
Extrafloral   [eks-trah-flo1 '-ral)   [extra,   outside;     /!os,a. 

flower].      In  biology,  placed  without  the  llower. 
Extrafoliaceous  ih-fo-le-a'-she-us)    [extra,  out- 

side; folium,  leaf].      In  biology,  separated  from  the 

leaves. 
Extralimital  (eks-trak-lim'-it-aT)\extra,  outside;  linns, 

hounds,   limit].      In  biology,  not  included  in  a  given 
a,  either  on  the  surface  of  a  plant  or  animal,  or  on 

the  earth's  surface. 
Extramalleolus  (eks-trah-mal-e/-o-lus)  [extra,  without ; 

malleolus,  a  small  hammer].      The  outer  malleolus  of 

the  ankle. 
Extrambulacral    (eks-tram-bu-la'-kral)    [extra,    with- 
out;   ambulacrum,    a    walk,     alley].      In     biology, 

located  outside  the  ambulacra. 
Extramedullary    (eks-trah-me-dul '-ar-e)   [extra,    with- 
out;   medulla,  marrow].      Situated  or  occurring  out- 
side of  the  medulla. 
Extraneous     (eks-tra' -ne-us)     [extraneus,     external]. 

Existing    or    belonging    outside    the    organism.      E. 

Body,  a  foreign  or  intrusive  body,  present  within  the 

organism. 
Extraordinary     (eks-tror' '-din-a-re)     [extra,     beyond ; 

ordo,  rule].      Out  of  the  common;   special.     E.  Ray. 

See  Ray. 
Extrathecal  (eks-trah-the'-kal)   [extra,  outside  ;   theca, 

box,  case].      In  biology,  located  outside  the  theca. 
Extravasation    (eks-trav-as-a'-shun)    [extra,   outside; 
1].      Filtration  or  effusion  of  blood,  serum 

or  fluid  from  any  vessel  into  adjacent  tissues. 
Extraversio  gonadum  (eks-trak  verf-ze-o  go-na'-duni) 

[L.].      In     biology,    pendent     external    gastro-genital 

pouches  in  certain  Medusa. 
Extremital    (eks-trem'-it-al)    [extremus,    outermost!. 

Situated    towards,    or     pertaining   to,   an    extremity  ; 

distal. 
Extremity  (eks-trem'  it-e)   [extremus,  outermost].      An 

arm  or  leg  ;    the  distal   or  terminal  end  or  part  of  any 

organ  ;    a  hand  or  foot. 
Extricate,  Extricated  (eksf -trik-St,  -a'-ted)  [extri 

to  disentangle] .      In  biology,  applied  to  the  normally 
tided  parts  of  certain  insects,  as  the  ovipositors. 
Extrinsic    (eks-trin' -sik)    [extrinsicus,    from    without]. 
il,  outward.     E.  Muscles,  those    attached  to 

the  trunk  and  extending  to  the  limbs. 
Extrorsc  rs')  [extrorsus, toward  theoutside].    In 

biology,  turned    outward    or  away   from   tin-   body  or 

central  a 
Extroversion   (eks-tro-ver* -shuti).      See  Exstrophy. 


I  \ I UBATION 


455 


!   ',  I 


Extubation  (eks-tu-ba' '-shun\  [<>,  out;  tubus,  a  I'M"  I 
The  removal  of  a  laryngeal  tube  ;  opposed  to  intuba 

tion. 

Extuberance  [ex-tu* '-ber-ans)  [  c,  out;  tuber,  mass], 
A  swelling  or  protuberance. 

Extumescence  [eks-lu-mes/-ens)  [it, out;   turn  ,  to 

swell].     A  ]>!<>)<■>  tion  or  swelling. 

Exuber  (ex-u'-ber)  [ex,  from  ;  uber,  breast:  //.,  Exu 
beres\      A  weaned  child.     Cf.  Sububer. 

Exudate    (cks' -u-iiat )   [exudare ,  to    sweat].      Mai 
that  lias  filtered  through  the  walls  of   vessels  into  the 
adjacent  tissues. 

Exudation  {eks-u-da* -shun)  [exudare,  to  sweat],  lib 
tration  or  oozing  of  the  serum  of  the  blood  through 
tin-  walls  of  the  vessels  ;  a  ma>s  formed  by  such 
filtration. 

Exudative  [eksf -u-da-tiv)  [exudare,  to  exude],  ufthe 
nature  of  or  characterized  by  exudation. 

Exulceration  [eks-ul-ser-a' 'shun)  [ex,  out  ;  ulcerare, 
to  ulcerate].      A  superficial  ulceration. 

Exumbilication  [eks-um-bil-ik-a' 'shun)  [exumbilicatio  ; 
c  i ,  out  ;  umbilicus,  navel].  Marked  protrusion  of  the 
navel. 

Exumbral  (ehs-um'-bral)  [V.v.out;  umbra,  shade].  In 
biology,  all  those  parts  lying  above  the  free  margin  of 
the  umbrella  of  Medusa-;   the  opposite  of  subumbral. 

Exumbrella  {eks-um-brel' -ah)  [ex,  out;  umbrella,  the 
disc  of  acalephs].  In  biology,  the  convex  outer  sur- 
face of  the  umbrella  in  Medui 

Exuviae  [cks-u' -ve-e)  [I-]-  Cast-off  matters;  shreds 
of  epidermis  ;   also,  sloughed  materials. 

Exuviate  [eks-uf-ve-at]  [ex,  out  ;  uere,  to  put  on;  from 
induvia,  clothes].  To  moult,  shed,  or  slough  off 
skin,  shells,  hairs,  or  feathers  of  animals. 

Exuviation  [eks-u-ve-a' '-shun)  [exuvia,  slough  ;  exuere, 
to  put  off].  The  shedding  of  the  deciduous  teeth,  or 
other  epidermal  part. 

Eyckmann's   Test.     See    Tests,  Tabic  of. 

Eye  (/)  [ME.,  eye"].  The  organ  of  vision.  E.,  Accom- 
modation of.  See  Accommodation.  E.,  Appendages 
of,  the  eyelids,  brows,  and  lachrymal  apparatus.  E., 
Apple  of,  formerly  the  eyeball ;  the  pupil.  E.,  Arti- 
ficial, a  thin  shell  of  glass,  celluloid,  or  other  sub- 
stance, colored  like  the  natural  eye,  placed  in  the 
socket  after  enucleation.  E.,  Compound,  the  organ 
of  vision  formed  of  several  crystal  spheres,  as  in  the 
lower  crabs.  E.,  Diagrammatic,  of  Listing,  a 
diagram  of  the  eye  for  the  more  exact  calculation  of 
the  passage  of  rays  of  light  through  the  eye.  E., 
Pineal  or  Epiphysial,  the  rudimentary  median  eye 
in  some  lizards.  E.,  Schematic,  an  ideal  or  normal 
eye.  E.-ball,  the  globe  of  the  eye.  E.-ball,  Dis- 
location of.  See  Dislocation.  E.-bone,  a  sclerotal, 
q.v.  E. -bright.  See  Euphrasia.  E.-brow,  the 
supercilium,  the  connective  tissue,  skin,  and  hairs 
above  the  eye.  The  hairs  serve  chiefly  to  prevent  the 
sweat  from  falling  into  the  eye.  E. -cells,  cup-shaped 
cells  of  porcelain,  enameled  black,  to  place  over  the 
eye  after  operations.  E. -current,  the  normal  electric 
current  that  passrs  from  the  cornea  (positive)  to  the 
optic  nerve  (negative)  under  the  stimulus  of  light. 
E. -doctor,  an  oculist.  E. -drops.  See  Collyrium. 
Also  an  old  name  for  tears.  E. -glass,  a  lens  worn 
in  one  eye.  Eye-glasses,  pince-nez,  worn  instead  of 
spectacles,  and  held  in  position  by  a  spring  acting  upon 
the  bridge  of  the  nose.  E. -ground,  a  synonym  of 
the  fundus  oculi  or  internal  aspect  of  the  vitreous 
chamber  of  the  eye.  E. -lashes,  the  cilia  ;  the  hairs 
of  the  eyelid.  E. -lashes,  Evulsion  of,  pulling  out 
the  lashes.  E. -lashes,  Transposition  of,  shifting 
an  excised  strip  of  cilia  and  lid-edge  containing  the 
hair  bulbs  to  a  new  position,  or  otherwise  altering  the 


□   of   the   lashes  by  operation.      E.-lens,  the 
of  a  micro  ;  an 

pi<  i  <■.  E.-lid,  the  protei  tive  i  overing  of  the  i 
ball,  i  ompos<  'I  "t  >kin,  glands,  connective  and  mm 
lar  tissue,  the  tarsus  un<  tiva,  with  the  cilia  at 

the  free  edge.      E.-lid  Closure.  ,'       .  /,,/,/<■ 

E. -piece.  Synonym  of  Ocular.  E. -point,  the 
point  above  an  ocular  or  simple  microscope  where  the 
itest  aumbi  i  ol  emerging  ray-  i  ross.  E. -salve,  a 
medicated  salve  for  the  eyes.  E. -shade,  Ward's,  a 
circular  disc  of  black  rubber  connected  by  an  arm  with 
the  tube  of  the  mil  rosi  ope.  It  enables  theobservi 
keep  both  eyes  open.  E. -speculum,  an  instrument  for 
retracting  tin  eyelids.  E. -stone,  a  small  calcan 
disc,  tin-  operculum  of  various  Gasteropod  molluscs 
.  ■  ■  ;  or  somi  timi  -  a  flattened  concretion 
from  the  stomach  of  a  European  crawfish  (Lapillus 
cancri).  In  domestic  practice  it  is  placed  under  the 
eyelid  for  the  removal  of  a  foreign  body  that  has 
found  its  was  into  the  eye.  E. -strain,  the  excess  and 
abnormalism  of  effort,  with  the  resultant  irritation, 
caused  by  ametropia  or  heterophoria.  It  is  applied 
also  to  the  effects  of  excessive  use  of  normal  eyes.  E.- 
souffle,  a  murmur  said  to  be  heard  in  anemia  by 
means  of  the  stethoscope  on  the  globe  of  the  eye.  E.- 
teeth,  the  canine  teeth  of  the  upper  jaw;  dog-teeth. 
E.-wash,  a  medicated  water  for  the  eye  ;  a  collyrium. 
E. -water,  a  collyrium  ;  also  the  aqueous  humor. 
E. -winker,  an  eyelash. 


Muscles  of  the  Eve.    Tendon  or  Ligament  of  Zinn. 
[.  Tendon  of  Zinn.      2.  External  rectus  divided.     3.  Interna! 
rectus.     4.  Inferior  rectus.     5.  Superior  rectus.     6.  Superior 
oblique.     7.  Pulley  for  superior  oblique.    S    Inferior  oblique 
9.  Levator  palpebras  superioris.     10,  10.  Its  anterior  expan- 
sion.    11.  Optic  nerve. 


Optic  nerve.  2.  Central  artery 
of  the  retina.  3.  Short,  posterior, 
ami  external  ciliary  arteries.  4. 
Short,  posterior,  and  internal  cili- 
ary arteries.  5,  5,  6,  6,  6.  Ex- 
ternal and  internal  posterior  cili- 
ary arteries.  7.  Posterior  long 
ciliary  artery,  and  Ions;  ciliary 
nerve.  S.  Artery  and  nerve  of 
opposite  side.  9,  10.  Superior  and 
external  choroid  veins.  11,  12.  In- 
choroid  veins.  13.  Attach- 
ment of  inferior  oblique  muscle. 
14.  Tendon  of  superior  oblique. 


Posterior    Hemisphere 

of   imh  Globe  of  the 
Eye. 


IS  1 


156 


l\  1 


mion  of  orbicularis 

5    Muscle 

•    i     Meibomian  glands      ;.   7. 

.    i-     Palpebral  por- 

lucts.     12,  13.  Lacrymal 


Iris  and  Choroid. 

.  Optic  nerve.  2,  2,  2,  2.  Sclerotic,  divided  in  four  equal  parts 
and  turned  back.  3,3.  Pigmentary  granulation  of  its  inner 
t.  4.  Section  of  lamina  fusca.  5,5,5,5-  Cornea,  divided 
in  four  equal  puis.  6,6.  Canal  of  Schlemm.  7.  Outer  sur- 
ofchoroid  8.  Superior  and  internal  trunk  of vasa  vor- 
ticosa.  9,  9.  Irregular  border  limiting  the  choroid  zone 
posteriorly.  10,  10.  Anterior  half  of  this  zone;  ciliary  mus- 
cle. 11,  11.  Ciliary  nerves  12  Lour  ciliary  artery.  13,13, 
13,  13.  Anterior  ciliary  arteries.  14.  Iris.  15.  Small  arterial 
circle  of  iris.     16.  Pupillary  orifice. 


Wis. 

3.  Posl 
5    Internal  tunii 

11. 

•mm. 

'"• 

1  ina. 
25. 


The  Ciliary  Miscle. 
1,  1.  Crystalline  lens.     2    Hyaloid   membrane.    3,  3    Zone  of 
Zinn.     1    Iris.    5,5.  Radiating  portion  of  ciliary  muscle.    6. 
tion   <>f  circular  portion.     7.  Venous  plexus  of  a  ciliary 
V    Middle  layer  of  cornea.     10.  An- 
terior hyalini  I  cornea      11.  Epithelial  covering  of 
ibis  layei             Posterior  hyaline   laser  of  the  cornea,  "t 
membrai                  1  met.     1  ,    libers  in  which  this  layei  t<  1 
minates,  or  ligamentum  turn     1  1.  Epithelial  covering 

is   Junction  of  sclerotic  and  cor- 
111. il  of  Schlemm. 


EYE 


4.->7 


EYE 


1  853« 


—    - 


/.• 


— .^fc^--     ... 

Relations  of   tiif.    Eye  and  the  Lacrymal  Excretory 
Apparatus. 

i,  i.  Canaliculi.  2,  2.  Puncta  lacrymal ia.  3,3.  Inner  extrem- 
ity of  tarsal  cartilage.  4,  4.  Free  borders  of  lids.  5.  Lac- 
rymal sac.  6.  Attachment  to  maxillary  hour  ol  superior 
tendon.     7.  Bifurcation  of  lacrymal  sac.     S,  S.  Two  branches. 


Section  of  Ciliary 

Body  and  Ik  is. 
i,I.  Ciliary  processes. 

2,  2.  Their  base  or 
rounded  extremity. 

3,  3.  Their  apex.  4. 
A  process  with  bi- 
furcated extremity. 
5,  5.  Reticulated 
folds,  or  ciliary  pro- 
cesses of  the  second 
order.  6,6.  Venules 
that  emanate  from 
these  7,7  Ora  ser- 
rata  of  choroid.     8, 

8.  Veins  of  choroid. 

9.  Section    of   iris. 

10.  10.  Circumfer- 
ence of  iris.  11,  11. 
Small  ring  of  iris. 
12,  12.  Large  ring 
of  iris. 


Vertical  Section  Throigh  the  Upper  Eyelid. 
..  Cutis.  1.  Epidermis.  2.  Corium.  b,  3.  Subcutaneous  con- 
nective tissue,  c,  7.  Orbicularis  muscle  r>.  Loose  submus- 
cular  connective  tissue,  e.  Insertion  of  H.  Miiller's  muscle. 
f.  Tarsus,  g.  Conjunctiva,  j.  Inner;  k.  Outer  edge  of  the 
lid.  4.  Pigment  cells.  5.  Sweat-glands.  6.  Hair  follicles. 
8,23.  Sections  of  nerves.  9.  Arteries.  10.  Veins.  11.  Cilia. 
12.  Modified  sweat-glands.  13.  Circular  muscle  of  Riolan. 
14.  Meibomian  gland,  is.  Section  of  an  acinus  of  the  same. 
16.  Posterior  tarsal  glands  iS,  19.  Tissue  of  the  tarsus.  20. 
Pretarsal  or  submuscular  connective  tissue.  21,  22.  Conjunc- 
tiva, with  its  epithelium.  24.  Fat.  25  Loosely-woven  pos- 
terior end  of  the  tarsus.     26.  Section  of  a  palpebral  artery. 


- 


FALLING 


l  ,  make, 

1 
l 

in]. 

-   .1  sub- 

1 

i  illj   de- 
is  muscle  at  the  ; 

\  nam  d  to  the 

id,  including  the 
F.-aghe. 
P.,  Hippocratic. 

rumen    lying   on    the 
F. -presentation,   a    presenta- 
in  labor. 

.   .i  little    face],      A  small 

articulating  surfa<  e  of  a  bone. 

iionally  seen    on    calculi, 

b  other.       In    biology,  a 

■ 

fai  <•].       Pertaining 
F.  Angle,  the  diver- 
.  line  drawn  from  the  upper  jaw  tangent 
i  to  the  external  auditory 
F.  Artery.  idle  of.      F. 

Nerve  F.  Palsy,  or   Pa- 

ralysis.    S  F.  Spasm.  ism.    F. 

Trophoneurosis.     Synonym  of  sive 

F.  Vein. 
Face  i  1       fa      !       Appearance,  i  specially 

P.,  Cardiac,  an  anxious  e 
i  in  the  early  stages  of  chronic  val- 
F.  hepatica,  a  peculiar  earthy  appear- 

janic   disease 
P.  hippocratica,  the  Hippocratic  coun- 

i  dissolul 
hollow,  the  eyes 
.  tin-  lips  relaxed,  the 
F.  ovarina.  -i,>n 

The  feati 
>sion  anxious,  the 
trils  open 
I ,  the 
with  wrinkles  encirc- 
le stupida,  the  typhoid  face. 

to  make]. 

Facu  •  i 

Facultative  pability]. 

>ed. 

jen.      F. 

F.  anaerobia.  I  tae- 

P.   Hypero]  manifest    hy- 

':  '•  ium, 

part  of 
Saprophyte  that 

i  tic. 

■ 

.  the 


rpsof  professors  an<l  instructors  of  a  university  and 
its  colleges.      F.,    Medical,  the    corps   of   prof< 
and  instructors  of  a  medical  college. 
Faecal,  Faeces  See  1     ■',  / 

Faecula  (  fekf-u'lah).     See  Fecula. 
Faex  I    .  ••  lei  -  "  :   pi.,  Faces'],     The  dregs  or 

liment    of   any    liquid.      F.   sacchari,   treacle   or. 
molasses. 
Fag  [origin uncertain].     Exhaustion;  tire.    SeeBrain- 

J" 
Fagara  [fag-a'-rah)  [I-]-      Hie  genus  Xanthoxylon, 

'/■     • 
Fagin    (fa'-jm)    [fagus,  a  beech-tree].      A    principle 

contained    in   the   husks  of  the    nuts  of  the    common 

beech   (Fagus).     It    is    said    to    be     poisonous    and 

narcotic. 

Fagopyrum  pi* -runt).     See  Buckwheat. 

Fagus  (fa/-gus)  [I..,  "beech  tree:  "  gen.,  Fagt],  A 
genus  of  cupuliferous  trees;    tie  s.     F.  syl- 

vatica,  the  common  beech.  I  he  bark  is  said  to  be 
antipyretic,  the  nuts  anthelmintic  and  anticalculous. 
I  nof. 

Faham  (fah'-ahm).     Same  as  Faam. 

Fahrenheit's  Thermometer.     See  Thermometer. 

Faint  (/ant)  \_fin  ,  to  feign;  M.E., faynt,  weak]. 
A  condition  of  languor.  Also,  a  state  of  syncope  or 
swooning. 

Fainting  (fantf-ing)  [finge re,  to  feign;  ME., faynt, 
weak].  A  swoon  ;  the  act  of  swooning.  F.  Sick- 
ness.    Synonym  of  Epilepsy. 

Faintness  (  fdnt'-nes).      See  Syncope. 

Faith-cure  (  fath'-kur).  I  he  system  or  practice  of  at- 
tempting or  pretending  to  cure  diseases  by  religious 
faith  and  prayer  alone.  "  It  differs  from  mind  cure, 
in  that  the  faith-curers  have  no  mind,  while  the  tnind- 
curers  have  no  faith."  F. -doctor.  See  F.-healer. 
F. -healer,  one  who-practises  the  faith-cure. 

Falcate  I  fal'-kat)  [falx,  a  sickle].  In  biology, 
sickle-shaped. 

Falcial  (  fal'-se-al)  [falx,  a  sickle].  Relating  to  the 
falx  cerebri. 

Falcicula  (fal-sik' '-u-lah).     See  Falcula. 

Falciform  (  fal' -sif-orm)  [falx,  a  sickle ;  forma,  form]. 
Having  the  shape  of  a  sickle.      F.  Ligament. 
Ligament.     F.  Process,  a  process  of  the  dura  mater 
that  separates  the  hemispheres  of  the  brain  ;  the  falx. 
Se<  •   anient,  Fern  ral,  of  Hey. 

Falcula  (  fal'-ku-lah)  [dim.  of  falx,  a  sickle].  The 
falx  cerebelli. 

Fall  (  fatal)  [ME.,  fallen,  to  fall].  To  be  dropped  in 
birth,  as  a  lamb.  F. -drink,  a  Swiss  and  German 
cordial,  of  exceedingly  varied  composition  and  fla- 
vored with  many  aromatic  and  other  herb-.  ;i-  arnica, 
achillea,  asperula,  etc.  It  is  regarded  as  a  sovereign 
remedy  for  bruises  and  the  effects  of  falls.  Unof.  F. 
Fever.  Synonym  of  Typhoid  Fever,  </.  v.  F.- 
rheotome.  an  arrangement  whereby  a  weight  injures 

a   muscle,  and  at    the    same    time    breaks   and   mal 
galvanometer  circuit ;  by  this  instrument  it  was  shown 
that  the    demarcation-current  toi  Main  time  to 

<\c\  I 

Fallacia  (fal-a'-se-ah )  [I..]-      An  insane  delusion  ;  an 
hallucination.     F.  auditoria,  a  delusion   as  t"  1 
ing.      F.  optica,  any  visual   illusion. 

Falling  (  fawl'-ing)  [ME.,  fail  n,  to  fall].  Dropping; 
losing  one's  equilibrium.  F. -sickness,  a  common 
term  for  epilepsy.  F.  of  Womb.  See  Uterui  and 
Prolapsus. 


1  A  I  LOPIAN 


459 


FARCY 


Fallopian  (  fal-ot-pe-an  \  [Falhppius ',  an  Italian  anato- 
mist!. Of  or  pertaining  to  Falloppius.  F.  Artery. 
.Sue  Arteries,  Table  of.      F.  Tubes.     Sec  Ovidu 

Utero-ovarian  ligament. 
Ovary. 

Fallopian  lube. 

Broad  ligament 


Fimbriated  ex- 
tremity  of  tube. 
I      Fimbria  ovarica. 
Broad  ligament. 

Right  Fallopian  Tube.    {After  Morris.) 

Fallopius,  Aqueduct  of.  See  Aqueduct.  F.,  Arch 
of.  See  Arch.  F,  Canal  of.  Sec  Aquedvrt.  F., 
Hiatus  of,  an  opening  in  the  petrous  portion  of  the 
temporal  bone,  for  the  transmission  of  the  petrosal 
branch  of  the  Vidian  nerve. 

Fallow  Wards.  Certain  wards  in  hospitals  that  are 
occasionally  cleared  of  patients  and  are  then  tempor- 
arily disused. 

False  {Jowls)  [falsus,  deceptive].  Not  genuine. 
Feigning  or  closely  counterfeiting.  F.  Amnion, 
the  vesicula  serosa,  which  disappears  as  the  chorion  is 
developed.  F.  Ankylosis,  ankylosis  due  to  rigidity 
of  the  soft  tissues.  F.  Bittersweet.  Sec  Climbing 
Staff-tree.  F.  Conception.  Sec  /•'.  Germ.  F. 
Germ,  a  mole,  </.  v.  F.  Gromv*ell,  the  root  of 
Onostnodium  virginianum,  reputed  to  be  tonic  and 
diuretic.  Dose  of  the  lid.  ext.  tri.xv-  ^  ss.  Unof.  F. 
Hearing.  See  Pseudacousma.  F.  Image,  the  image 
of  the  deviating  eye,  in  diplopia.  F.  Joint,  a  result 
of  non-union  of  a  fractured  bone.  F.  Measles. 
Synonym  of  Rotheln,  q.  v.  F.  Membrane,  a  fibrinous 
exudate  upon  a  surface,  as  the  fauces.  F.  Pains, 
pains  that  precede  true  labor-pains.  F.  Passage,  a 
passage  formed  by  the  laceration  of  any  canal,  e.g., 
the  urethra,  caused  by  the  forcible  introduction  of  a 
catheter  or  other  instrument  in  the  wrong  direction. 
F.  Pelvis,  the  portion  of  the  pelvic  cavity  situated 
above  the  lineaileo-pectinea.  F.  Peritonitis,  hysteri- 
cal manifestations  simulating  peritonitis.  F.  Pneu- 
monia, peripneumonia  notha.  F.  Pox.  Synonym 
of  Varicella.  F.  Ribs.  See  Ribs.  F.  Water,  a 
collection  of  fluid  in  catarrhal  endometritis. 

Falsetto  (fawl-sel'-o)  [Ital.].  A  voice  both  high- 
pitched  and  peculiarly  modified  as  to  quality;  the 
highest  register  of  the  human  voice.  It  is  more 
obvious  in  the  male  than  in  most  female  voices. 

Falsification  (fawl-sif-ik-a'-skun)  [Jalsus,  deceptive; 
re,  to  make].  The  fraudulent  adulteration  of 
foods  or  medicines  ;   counterfeiting. 

Falx  ( falks)  [1-].  A  sickle.  Same  as  Falx  cerebri. 
In  biology,  variously  used  to  designate  falciform 
structures;  e.  g,  the  poison-fangs  of  a  serpent  or  the 
chelicene  of  a  spider.  F.  cerebelli.  the  falcula  ;  a 
sickle-like  proce—  between  the  lobes  of  the  cerebellum. 
F.  cerebri,  the  sickle-like  process  of  the  dura,  separat- 
ing the  hemispheres  of  the  cerebrum. 

Famelic    {Jam-el'-ik)   ^famelicus,    hungry].       Marked 


by  extreme  hunger;   effective  in  overcoming  the  sensa- 
tion oi  hunger. 

Famelica  i  fum-eV-ik  ah)  [fata   '    u  .  hungry],      i 
famelica;   fever  accompanied  byhunj 

Fames  {fa'-mli  I  [L.T.  1  lunger.  F.  bovina,  bulimia. 
F.  canina    ("  dog-hunj  bulimia.     F.    lupina, 

■■  wolf  liun  me  bulimia. 

Family  (  fam'-il-e)   [familia,  a  household].     The  per- 
ns belonging  to  a   household.      In   biology,  a   i 
of  genera  similar   in   organic  structun        1- .    Ataxia. 

Paramyoclonus    multiplex.      F.  Diseases,  t: 
diseases  that  are  hereditary. 

Famine  {fam'-in)  [fames,  hunger] .  Severe  and  con- 
tinued hunger.  Also,  a  general  scarcity  of  food, 
which  result^  in  the  starvation  of  many  people.  F. 
Bread,  a  lichen,  Umbilicaria  arclica,  found  in  frozi  n 
regions,  and  serviceable,  in  extremity,  as  human 
food.      F.  Fever.     Same  as  Relaj.  .  q.  v. 

Fanaticism  (  fan-af '-is-izm)  [  fanaticus,  pertaining  to 
a  temple].  Perversion  and  excess  of  the  religious  sen- 
timent. It  often  trenches  upon  the  domain  of  insanity ; 
and  is  sometimes  an  outcome,  at  other  times  a  cause, 
of  mental  disease 

Fang  [M  F. ,  ft  ng,  a  catch].  In  biology,  any  prehensile 
part  or  organ.      See   Teeth. 

Fantome  [ fan' '-turn).      See  Phantom. 

Far  [F.  dial.].      The  young  of  swine  ;  a  litter  of  pigs. 

Far  [ME.,  fer,  at  a  distance].  At  a  distance.  F. 
Point.  See  Function  remotum.  F.-sightedness. 
a  colloquial  term  for  Hypermetropia. 

Farabeufs  Operation.     See  Operations,  Tableof 

Farad  {far'-ad)  [after  Michael  Faraday,  a  chemist]. 
The  unit  of  electric  capacity.  Practically  a  capacity 
sufficient  to  hold  one  coulomb  of  current  having  a 
potential  of  one  volt.  The  micro-farad, 
of  the  theoretic  farad,  is  commonly  used.  A  practi- 
cal form  of  condenser  of  one  farad  capacity  consists 
of  300  leaves  of  tinfoil,  each  16  centimeters  in  diame- 
ter, separated  by  leaves  of  mica.  The  entire  surface 
is  about  of  I.I  sq.  meters  area.      See  Electric  Units. 

Faradic  {far-ad' -ik)  [named  from  its  discoverer, 
Michael  Faraday].  Pertaining  to  induced  electric 
currents.  F.  Current,  the  induced  electric  current. 
See  Current.  F.  Induction  is  brought  about  by  a 
current  of  electricity  passing  through  a  wire  exciting  a 
wave  of  electricity  in  a  second  wire  placed  near  or 
parallel  with  it  at  the  instant  of  opening  and  closing 
the  circuit. 

Faradimeter  ifdr-ad-im1 -et-er)  [Faraday;  fiirpov,  a 
measure].  An  instrument  for  measuring  the  strength 
of  an  induced  electric  current. 

Faradism  {far'-aJ-izm)  [after  Michael  Faraday,  a 
chemist].  1.  Induced  electricity.  2.  The  applica- 
tion of  induced  currents  to  the  treatment  of  disease. 

Faradization,  or  Faradism  {far-ad-iz-a'-skun,  or 
far'-ad-izm)  [after  Michael  Faraday,  a  chemist]. 
The  application  of  the  induced  current  to  a  diseased 
part,  or  for  disease. 

Farado-puncture  (  far-ad-o-punk' '-chur)  [Faraday; 
punctura,  a  puncture].  The  pa-age  of  a  faradic  cur- 
rent into  the  tissues  by  acupuncture. 

Farcimen  |  far-si' -men)  [ fa rcim in um,  farcy  :  //. ,  Far- 
cimind\.      Farcy  ;   also,  a  farcy-bud. 

Farcin  1  far'-sin)  [Fr.].      Same  as  Farcy. 

Farcinia  (  far-sin' '-e-ah  ).     Synonym  of  Equinia. 

Farcinoma  \  far-sin-eZ-mah  )  [farciminum,  fare}  ; 
a  tumor.//.,  Farcinomata\    A  farcy-bud,  or  glander- 
ous tumor  ;   less  correctly,  farcy,  or  glanders. 

Farctus  f  fark'-tus)  [L.,  a  "  slutting  "].  Emphraxis  ; 
congestion  ;   infarction. 

Farcy  '-se\.    See  Equinia  and  Baeillu      '   .V  card, 

under  Bacteria,  Synonymatic    'Fable  of.      F.-bud,   or 


FARD1  M» 


160 


FAS!  ING 


1    -button       A 

'.cl-bound  ;    N'  I    • 

: 

the 

and 

|.     Hav- 
d  to 

|.  In      111" 

lution. 
Tubercles 
ery  >n], 

terinary 

t      \ 

■].    The 

-   and  other 

1.  transverse 

or  Stl  nis. 

Anal.  P.  of  Arm  (BracA- 

arm  attai  bed  to  the 

■    '  apula.     F., 

Cervical,  Deep  the  muscles  of  the  neck  and 

P.,  Cervical,  Super- 

ftcii.  in,      F.,   Cloquet's. 

P.,  Cranial,  a  firm,  dense  layer, 

frontalis    niu  - 

Cremasteric,  I,    thin     covering 

F  .   Cribriform,  th 

F.  dentata, 

ampal  gyrus 

P.  of  the  Dorsum  of  the  Foot, 

of  the   foot. 

ivity, 

I-'.,  Infundi- 

buliform.  :.  the 

ii.      F., 
Intercolumnar.  from  tl 

Interc  *   I  ring 

Hid  the 
p., 

Ischio-rectal,  ,,f  ||,,.  |( 

P.  lata,   t 

■ 
Deep,  of  Leg, 

1       I.  :mbar,  I: 

I-    of  Mamm.. 

F.nod 

I-  , 
I       Pelvic,  ! 
Perineal, 

■ 


ium  P.,  Plantar,  the  fibrous  membrane  of  the  sole 
of  the  foot.  P.,  Recto-vesical,  the  viscera]  layer  ol 
the  pelvi<   fascia,  investing  the  prostate,  bladder,  and 

nun.  F.,  Spermatic,  a  thin  fascia  attached  to  the 
external  abdominal  ring, and  prolonged  downoverthe 
outei  surface  of  th<-  chorda  u>ii>.      F.  spirales. 

F.,  Temporal,  a  strong   fibrous  investment 

ering  the  temporal  muscle.  F.,  Transversalis, 
a  fascia  continuous  with  the  iliac  and   pelvic   fasi 

I   lying   I  thi    transversalis  muscle  and  the 

Will. 

Fascial  of  a  fascia].      Pertain 

hil;  i"  orof  the  nature  "t  a  fa 
Fasciate  [fa  |  s,  a  bundle  or  band].      In 

biology,  handed  ;   also  applied  to  monstrous  stems  that 
>>.\  Bat. 
Fasciation  i  '  ;Aun)  [fasciaiio  ;  fascia,  a  band- 

J.     The  art  or  act  ol  bandaging. 
Fascicle   [fas'-ik-l)    [dim.    of  fascis,    a   bundle].      In 
biology,  a  bundle,   as  a  compact   inflorescence  or   a 
cluster  of  leaves.     See  Fasciculus. 
Fasciculate,  or  Fasciculated  {Jas-ik'  -n-lat,  fas-ikt-u- 
la-ted)    [fasiculus,    a    little    bundle].      Arranged    in 
culi,  or  little  bundles. 
Fascicule   (  fas'-ik-fu)    [  / .'  ciculu  ,    a  small    bundle]. 
In  biology,  appliedto  brush-like  bundles  of  hairs  often 
m  on  caterpillar-,  i  u 
Fasciculus    (fas-ik' '-u-lus)    [dim.   of fascis,  a  bundle: 
pi. ,  Fasciculi'].      A   little  bundle,  as   the  fasciculus  of 
tilicrs  that  compose  a  nerve.    F.,  Olivary.    See////,/, 
Olivary.      F.  of  Tiirck,  the   crossed  pyramidal  tract 
of  the  spinal  cord. 
Fascination  a'-skuri)     [fascinatio,  a  bewitch- 

ing]. A  form  of  incomplete  hypnotism,  intermediate 
between  somnambulism  and  catalepsy  ;  the  alleged 
controlling  influence  of  one  person  over  another. 
Fasciola  (  fas-i* -o-lafi)  [I,.,  a  small  bandage].  The 
dorsal  continuation  of  the  fascia  dentata  of  the  cere- 
brum. F.  hepatica.  See  Trematodes.  F.  hepati- 
cum.  See  Distoma  hepaticum. 
Fasciole   [fas'-e-ol)    T  fasciola,  9.  small   bandage].      In 

biology,  a  narrow  transverse  hand  or  stripe. 
Fascioliasis  (  fas-e-o-W '-as-is)  [  fasciola,  a  small  band- 
age].     A  term  employed  in   England  for  Distomiasis 
(Wiame),  or  Distomatosis  (Zundel). 
Fasciotomy  /'  o-me).     See  Aponeurotomy. 

Fast   [Ml.  .  fast,  firm,  stiff;   fasten,  to   fast].      Fixed; 
imm  ;    close;   sound,  as  sleep  ;   to   abstain   from 

1  ;  abstinence  from  food.  F.  Color.  See  Pig- 
met,  s  and  /':•  tuffs  F.-blue.  Same  as 
Alkali  Blu  .  >•' ■.  Blue,  Met kyletie- blue.  See 
/'■■  of.  F. -brown.  See  Pigments, 
'us  of.  F. -green.  See  Pigments,  Conspectus of. 
F.-red.  See  P.  nspectus  of.  F. -yellow. 
Same  as  Acid  Yelloi  Si  •■  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 
Fastidium    [fas-tid'-e-um)    [I..,    "a    loathing'].      A 

loathing  for  food  or  drink. 
Fastigatum  a' -turn).     See  Nucleus fastigii . 

Fastigiate,  Fastigiated  (fas-Hj'-e-Ot,  -a'-ted)  [fastiga- 
ling,  pointed].     In  biology,  tapering  gradually  ; 
arallel. 
Fastigium  i  /      tij'-e-um)    [I...   "summit"].      I.   The 

A    d<  irsal   extension   of  the 

adu  Ii     into    the    cerebellum  ;    it--    cephalic   and 

meet  like  a  gable  roof,  whence  it-  name. 

Fasting  i  fast*  m      [ME.,  fasten,  to  fast"].     The  partial 

n<  e    from    food.      F.-cure. 

F. -mania,    a    prevalent    or   epidemic 

pra  bsolute    and  ■     fa-ling,  mainly  for 

nd  profit,  -mil  as  occurred   in    1890-91. 

ippears  to  be  the  extreme  limit  rea<  bed 

■  •■•  any  pi  il   abstainer  from   food.     P.- 


FAT 


461 


I  1  l;l:ll  I  GAL 


girls,  hysterical  women  who,  fur  the  sake  of  gaining 
sympathy  and  attention,  pretend  to  fast,  but  lor  the 
mosl  pari  secretly  obtain  f©  id. 
Fat  [ME.,  fat,  fat].     Sei  te,  and  Oil.     F.- 

ball,  a  mass  of  fatty  substance  on   the  dorsal  a 
of  the  buccinatoi   muscle;    called  also   B 
ball.     F.-cell,  a  form  of  connective-tissue  cell  con- 
taining oil-globules.      F. -column,  a  <  olumnar  sh 
space  filled  with  adipose  tissue  hum. I  in  the  thicker  por- 
tion of  the  cutis  v.ra.     F. -necrosis,  a  peculiar  form  ol 


<S^ 


Fat-cells. 


Connective  lissu.i 
Fibrils. 


X  340. 

necrosis  of  a  tissue  occurring  in  pin-point  sized  areas  of  a 
dead-white  color.  It  is  seen  usually  in  the  interlobu- 
lar pancreatic  tissue,  mesentery,  omentum,  and  ab- 
dominal fatty  tissue  generally,  and  frequently  in  con- 
nection with  pancreatic  disease.  F. -rickets,  that 
form  of  rickets  in  which  there  is  not  excessive  ema- 
ciation. 

Fatal  (fa'-tal)  [fatalis ;  fatum,  fate,  destiny,  death]. 
Ending  with  death  ;  mortal  ;  deadly  ;  as  a  fatal  acci- 
dent or  attack. 

Fatigue  (fa-teg')  [fafigo,  weariness].  Weariness, 
tiredness.  That  condition  of  diminished  capacity  for 
work  produced  in  a  muscle  by  prolonged  activity. 
F. -diseases,  those  caused  by  constant  repetition  of 
certain  movements,  such  as  Tailors'  cramp,  Writers' 
cramp,  Scriveners'  palsy,  etc.  See  Cramp,  and 
Spasm.  F. -stuffs,  decomposition  products  that 
have  accumulated  in  the  muscular  tissue  during  ex- 
haustive efforts  ;  among  them  are  phosphates,  phos- 
phoric acid,  carbonic  acid,  and  perhaps  glycerin-phos- 
phoric acid. 

Fatty  (faf-e)  [ME.,  fat,  fat].  A  qualification  applied 
to  certain  carbon  derivatives,  including  fats  and  fatty 
acids.  They  were  better  called  marsh-gas  or  methane 
derivatives,  as  they  can  all  be  obtained  from  methane, 
CH4.  See  Acids,  Fatty.  F.  Degeneration.  See 
Degeneration.  F.  Heart.  See  Heart.  F.  Nut- 
meg.    Same  as  Nutmeg  Liver. 

Fatuity  ( fit  u'-it-e)  [fatuitas,  foolishness].  Amentia 
or  dementia. 

Fauces  (fazt/sie)  [L.].  The  gullet  or  windpipe. 
The  space  surrounded  by  the  palate,  tonsils,  and  uvula. 
In  biology,  the  throat  of  a  monopetalous  flower  or 
the  cavity  of  a  gasteropod  shell  as  exposed  in  the 
first  whorl.  F.,  Isthmus  of,  the  space  at  the  back 
ot  the  mouth  enclosed  by  the  margin  of  the  palate, 
the  back  of  the  tongue,  the  pillars  of  the  soft  palate 
and  the  tonsils.  F..  Pillars  of,  the  folds  of  mucous 
membrane  between  the  base  of  the  uvula  and  the 
posterior  border  of  the  tongue. 


Fauchard's  Disease.     See  Diseases,   Tab  I, 

Faucial  1  fazu'-se-aT)  {fauces,  the  gullet].     Pertaining 

to  the  fau(  • 
Faucitis  (faw-si'-tis)   [/  it:  gullet;   trie,  inflam- 

mation].     Inflammation  of  the  fauces;  isthmitis. 
Fault  ( fawlt )  [Ml-:.,  taut,  a  lack].      In  e  y,  any 

failure    in    the    proper   working    of    a    circuit    dm 
ground  contacts,     cri  or     dUconnections. 

These  maj    be  of   three   kinds:    1.   Disconm 
2.   Earths ;   3.   <  ontacts. 
Fauna    (fnv'-nali)    [Faunus,   the  god   of  agriculture  : 
pi.  Fauna  or  Faunas'],  The  entire  animal  life  of  any 
■graphic  area  or  geologic  period. 
Faunorum  ludibria  (fawn-o'-rum  lu-dib'  [I.., 

"sport    of    the    faun-,"].      An    old    designation     for 
nightmare  and  for  epilepsy. 
Favaginous    (fav  aj'-in-us)    [favus,    a    honeycomb]. 
Resembling   favus  ;    having  a  honeycombed    surface. 
Favella    {  jar, I' -ah)  [favilla,  embers:  //. .  i 

In  biology,  an  irregular  mass  of  spore-  c  mbedded  in  a 
gelatinous  material,  and  constituting  a  form  of  sporo- 
carp  found  in  the  1  lorideae. 
Faveolate  [fu-e'-o-ldt)  [favus,  honeycomb].   Iavose, 

honeycombed  ;  same  as  alveolate. 
Faveolus  'us)    [favus,   a    honeycomb:    //., 

Faveoli\.      In  biology,  a  pit  or  cell   like  that   of  the 
honeycomb. 
Faviform    1  fn'-iform)    [ favus,  honeycomb;    forma, 
form].      Resembling  a  honeycomb;   a  designatioi 
certain  ulcerated  surface-. 
Favous,    or    Favose     [far' -us    or  fav-bs')     [favus, 
honeycomb].     Resembling  a  honeycomb  ;   resembling 
favus;   alveolate;  filled  with  polygonal  depre--i   n-. 
Favulus    (fav' -u-lus),   [dim.   of  favus,  a  honeycomb  : 
pl.,Favult\.      Any  one  of  the  honeycomb-like  dep 
sions  or  alveoli  of  the  gastric  mucous  membrane. 
Favus  (fa'-vus)  [favus,  honeycomb].      Tinea  fax 
Honeycomb  Ringworm,  a  parasitic  skin-disease  due  to 
the    presence    of   a   vegetable    parasite,  the   Achorion 
schoenleinii,    which,   growing    in    the  epidermis,   hair, 
and    nails,    causes   varying    grades   of    intlammati 
alterations   of  structure,  and,   when    occurring    upon 
hairy   parts,  partial   or  complete    loss  of   hair.      It   is 
characterized  by  the  presence  of  variously-sized,  sul- 
phur-yellow,   cup-shaped     crusts,    having    a   peculiar 
musty  odor,  which  are  found  on  microscopic  examina- 
tion  to   be   composed  almost  entirely  of  the  elements 
of  the  fungus.      F.-cup,  any  one  of  the   cup-shaped 
crusts  that  characterize  favus. 
Faxwax   (faks'-waks)    [fax,  hair;   Ger. ,  wachsen,  to 
grow].     The  ligamentum   nuchie,  or  the  material  of 
which  it  is  composed.      It  is  also  called  paxwax. 
Fear  (  fer)  [M.lL.,feer\.     An  emotion  of  dread  ;  appre- 
hension;  the  feeling  which   in  its  intenser  manifesta- 
tions is  called  terror  or  fright. 
Feather  (fetli'-er)  [AS. ,fedher\     One  of  the  epider- 
mal appendages  of  birds.      F.  Respiration-register. 
See  Anesthetic. 
Feature  (fe'-chiir)   [factura,  a  making].     Any  single 

part  or  lineament  of  the  face. 
Febricity  1  fe-bris'-it-e)  [febris,  a  fever].     Feverishness. 
Febricula    1  f.-orik'-u-lah)   [L.,  dim.  of  febris,  fever]. 
A   term  indicating  a  slight  and  short  fever,  most  fre- 
quently encountered  among  children.      The  rash  that 
accompanies  it  is  very  similar  to  that  of  scarlet  fever. 
Febrifacient  (feb-re-fa' '-se-ent)  [  febris,  a  fever ;  fa  cere, 

to  make].      Causing  fever. 
Febriferous   (fe-brif'-er-us)   [febris,  a  fever ;  ferre,  to 

bear].      (  ausing  or  conveying  fever. 
Febrific  (  fe-brif'-ik)  [febris,  a  fever].     Febrifacient. 
Febrifugal  t  fe-brif '' '-u-gal)   [febris,  fever;    fugare,  to 
dispel].      Removing  or  dispelling  fever. 


I  1  BKI1 


l  I  \ll.\t  (NUCLEUS 


Febrifuge 

i 

Febrile  !:l"> 

I  lu'  qu 


F.  bullosa 


uarrhah 

F.  fame- 
l-    Bava 
F  '  • 

re.  1 '•   re" 

mittens 

,;  Pertaining  to  or 


■ 


I 

I 

Fecc-  |uor, 

tions  "i 

I 
Fecula  |.       The 

Liment  subsiding 

Feculent  i  .impure].     Abound- 

mentitious ; 
y. 
Fecundate  fei  undate]. 

:llt. 

Fecundation 

ion  ;     the    a< 
F.,    Artificial,    impregnation    by 

:iic   tluid 

Fecundity  ...    fruitfulness]. 

iction.     F.,  Segregate.    See 

nt. 
Fee':  |.     Lacking  strength ; 

P  -minded,  idiotic. 
Fee!  nourish],     i.   To  supply 

i.illy 
fodder. 
Feeder  irish].     I.    An 

of    insane 
2.    See  Cross- 

nourish].     The 

V..  Artificial,  the   intro- 

i  de- 

ump  or  in  the  form  of  an 

en  :  a  ,  f ■  i I . l  by  fo  id  oilier 

F-bottle,   a  glass    flask 
eding   liquid 
F  -e  .;  .  I  in  tb  feed 

F     Forcible,  the  admi  n  of 

■ 
F, -gland,  a  land 

F.  -groove, 
r  bee,  al< 

the 
1     by  the   Rectum,  the  introduction  of 

nema  or  sup 
.ystcm. 

ition 

-. 

Feel-  In    nna. 

ious 
sta 


Feet  I  he  plural  of  Foot,  q.  v.    F.,  Frosted.  See 

tin. 

FegaritK  [Sp-i  ""'?» inflammation].     An 

old  name  for  a  form  of  gangrenous  stomatitis. 

Fehling'a  Method.     A  method  of  dressing  the  umbili- 
cal cord.      I  'he  stump  is  wrapped  in  cotton- wool  pow 
dered  with  a  mixture  ol   salicylic  acid  one  pan,  and 
rch    five    pan-.       It    becomes    mummified.       F.'s 
Solution,  a  solution  for  testing  for  sugar  in  the  urine  ; 
tin-    solution    doe-   not    keep    well,    Prof.    Hoi 
land  advises  its  manufacture  as  follows:   To  be  kept 
in  two  distinct  parts      [a)    lake   copper  sulph,  34.04 
gms.  and   watei    enough  to  make  500  c.c.      M. 
Pure  Rochelle  salt  173  gms.;  sol.  sodium  hydrate  (sp 
,1.33),   100  c.c,  and   water  enough  to  make  500 
I  or    use,  mix  equal    volumes,  and    thus    make 
Fehling's  solution.  See  Copper.   F.'s  Test  for  Sugar. 
See   /  v...  Table  of. 

Feigned  Disease.     Sec  Disease. 

Fel  [  1  I  Bile.  F.  bovis,  or  F.  bovinum,  ox-gall.  The 
biliary  liquid  of  the  domestic  ox,  Bos  taurus.  It  is  a 
dark-green,  ropy  substance,  consisting  mainly  of  sodium 
glycocholate  and  sodium  taurocholate,  together  with 
cholesterin.  It  is  a  tonic,  antiseptic,  and  purgative, 
useful  in  emulsifying  the  fatty  portions  of  food.  F.  b. 
inspissatum,  100  parts  fresh  ox-gall,  strained  and 
evaporated  to  15  parts.  Dose  gr.  v-xv.  F.  b.  purifi- 
catum,  ox-gall  3,  alcohol  1  part.  This  .should  stand 
24  houi  -training  ;  then  evaporate  to  the  con- 

sistence of  a  pilular  mass.  ■    Dose  gr.  v-xv. 

Fell's  Method.  A  method  of  forced  respiration  in  cases 
of  narcotic  poisoning  or  drowning,  by  means  of  an 
apparatus  consisting  of  a  tracheotomy-tube  attached  to 
a  bellows.  F.'s  Paste,  Caustic,  or  Cancer-salve,  a 
famous  salve  formerly  used  in  epithelioma.  Its  formula 
was  :  chlorid  of  zinc  and  powdered  sanguinaria  root, 
of  each  one  ounce;  starch,  enough  to  make  a  paste; 
apply  on  pieces  of  kid  leather  or  wash  leather. 

Fellator  [feV -at-or).     See  Passivism. 

Fellatrice  (  fel-at-risf\  [Fr.l.  The  female  agent  in  irru- 
mation,  who  receives  the  male  organ  in  her  mouth  and 
by  friction  with  the  lips  or  tongue  produces  the  orgasm. 

Fel'lic  Acid  [fel'-ik)  [fel,  bile],  C^H^O,.  A  constit- 
uent of  the  bile. 

Fellmongers'  Disease.  Anthrax;  so  called  as  attacking 
dealers  in  fells,  or  pelts,  and  skins. 

Fellows'  Syrup  of  Hypophosphites.  A  proprietary 
preparation.  Each  dram  contains  hypophosph.  of  iron 
gr.  j,  quinin  gr.  '4 ,  strychnin  gr.  Jj,  calcium  and 
manganese  aa  ^r.  j,  potassium  q.  s.     hose  zj.     Unof. 

Felo-de-se  [fef -lo-de-se)  [Sp.].  A  suicide.  Also,  anyone 
who  commit-  an  unlawful  malicious  act,  the  conse- 
quence of  which  is  his  own  death. 

Felon  [fel'-ori).     See  Paronychia. 

Felt  \_feltrum,  felt].  A  fabric  of  hair  or  wool  entangled 
together  by  beating  and  rolling.  Felt  splints  are  em- 
ployed in  surgery. 

Female  (fr'-mal)  \_feminea,  femella;  femina,  woman]. 
Belonging  to  the  sex  that  conceives  and  bears  young. 
In  surgery,  denoting  that  part  of  a  double-limbed  instru- 
ment tb  e  complementary  part.  F.  Cathe- 
ter, a  catheter  basing  a  short  tube  with  a  slight  curve 
to  correspond  to  the  female  urethra. 

Feminism  (f,»i'  in-izm)  [femina, a  woman].  Arrested 
development  of  the  male  organ-  <>f  generation,  accom- 
panied by  various  mental  and  physical  approximations 
to  the  characters  of  the  female  sex. 

Feminity   (  f,-ni  -in'-it-e),  or  Femininity    (  fem-in-in' '■ 
1  \  femina, a  woman].     The  sum  of  those  qualities 
that  distinguish  the  female  sex. 

Feminonucleus  1  fern  in-o  nuf-kk^ni)\femina1yfiovaasi\ 

nucleus,  &  kernel],     The  embryonii    female  nucleus, 

distinguished  from  the  corresponding  male  nucleus. 


FEMORAL 


163 


FERMEN  I  A  HI  >.\ 


Femoral  {few' '-or-al)  [femur,  the  thigh  bone].  Per 
taining  to  the  femur.  F.  Arch,  that  formed  by  Pou- 
part's  ligament.  F.  Artery.  See  Arteri  ,  Table  of. 
F.  Canal.  Sec  Canal.  F.  Hernia.  See  Hernia. 
F.  Ligament  of  Hey.  See  Ligament.  F.  Ring, 
the    abdominal    end   of    the    femoral    canal,    normally 


The  Femoral  Ring  and  Saphenous  Opening. 

(After  Holden  ) 
(The  arrow  is  introduced  into  the  femoral  ring), 
i.  Crural   arch.     2.   Saphenous   opening  of   the    fascia    lata. 
3.  Saphena  vein.    4    Femoral  vein.     5.  Gimbernat's  liga- 
ment.   6.  External  abdominal  ring.    7.  Position  of  internal 
ring 

closed  by  the  crural  septum  and  the  peritoneum.  F. 
Sheath,  a  continuation  downward  of  the  fasciae  that 
line  the  abdomen.  It  contains  the  femoral  vessels. 
F.  Vein.     See  Vein* 

Femoren  {fem'-or-en)  [  femur,  the  thigh-bone].  Be- 
longing to  the  femur  in  itself. 

Femorocele  {fem'-or-o-sel)  [femur,  femur;  Krf/ri,  her- 
nia].     Femoral  hernia. 

Femoro-rotulian  {fern' ' -or-o-ro-tu' '-le-an)  [  fewur,  the 
thigh-bone;  rotula,  the  patella].  Pertaining  to  the 
femur  and  the  rotula  or  patella. 

Femoro-tibial  (  fern' '-or-o-tib' '-e-al)  [  femur,  the  thigh- 
bone ;  tibia,  the  shin-bone].  Relating  to  the  femur 
and  the  tibia. 

Femur  {fe'-mef)  [L.,^/.,  Femora,  or  Femurs'].  The 
thigh-bone,  the  longest  and  heaviest  bone  of  the 
body,  articulating  with  the  acetabulum  and  the  tibia. 
See  Bones,  Table  of. 

Fenestra  {fe-nes' -trail)  [L. ,  a  window].  1.  In  anat- 
omy, a  name  given  to  two  apertures  of  the  ear,  the 
F.  ovalis  and  F.  rotunda.  2.  The  open  space  in  the 
blade  of  a  forceps.  3.  An  opening  in  a  bandage  or 
dressing  for  drainage,  etc. 

Fenestral,  or  Fenestrate  (  fe-nes' -tral,  fe'-nes-trat ) 
[fenestra,  a  window].    Having  apertures  or  openings. 

Fenestrated  {fe-nes1 '-tra-ted)  [fenestra,  a  window]. 
Perforated.  F.  Membrane  of  Henle,  the  outer 
membrane  of  the  inner  coat  of  the  arteries. 

Fenestrella  {fe-nes-treP '-ah\  [dim.  of  fenestra,  a  win- 
dow :  pi.,  Fenestrellce\.  In  biology,  a  transparent  spct 
in  the  wing-cover  of  certain  insect-. 

Fenestrule  (  fe-nes' -trill)  [fenestra,  a  window].  In 
biology,  a  small  open  space,  as  between  the  anasto- 
mosing branches  of  the  cenecium  of  a  polyzoan. 

Fenger's  Operations.     See  Operations,  'Table  of. 

Fennel  (feu' -el)  [M  K.,feneT\.  An  umbelliferous  plant, 
Fceniculuin  capillaceum,  native  to  the  ( >ld  World  and 
common  in  cultivation.  Its  dried  fruit  {Fceniculum,  U. 
S.  P.)  is  aromatic  and  carminative,  but  is  chiefly  used  as 
a  corrigent,  as  for  senna  and  rhubarb.    See  Fceniculum. 

Fenner's  Guaiac-mixture.     See  Guaiac-mixture. 

Fenugreek  {fen' ' -u-grek)[fenum,  hay ;  gracum,  ( ireek]. 


The  leguminous  plant,  Trigonella  faenumgrcecum  :  also 
its  mucilaginous  and  oil)  seed;  it  is  used  in  plasters 
and  poultices,  and  i-,  vahnd  in  veterinary  practice, 
deflj  as  a  vehicle  for  other  medicines. 

Fenwick's  Operation.     See  Operation  .  Table  of . 

Feraconitin  n'-it-in).     Sameas  Pseudaconitin, 

'/• 
Feral  {fe'-ral)  [feralis,  deadly] .     Deadly  or  fatal ;  as 
a  feral  disease. 

Fergusson's  Method.  See  Treatment,  Methods  of.  F.'s 
Operations.     S<-c  Operations,  Table  of . 

Ferine  {fe'-rin)  [ferinus,  wild;  fera,  a  beast].     Nox- 
ious, malignant,  or  violent  ;   as  a  ferine  disi 

Ferment  {fer'-menf)  [  fermentum,  leaven,  yeast].  Any 
microorganism,  proteid,  or  other  chemic  substance 
capable  of  producing  fermentation,  i.  *\,the  oxidation 
and  disorganization  of  carbohydrates.  Cf.  Enzym  ; 
Zymaze.  F.,  Organized,  or  Living,  one  that  gi 
and  multiplies  at  the  expense  of  the  substance  in  which 
it  occurs — this  takes  place  only  so  long  as  the  ferment 
is  living.  Yeast  is  the  representative  of  this  class,  caus- 
ing fermentation  by  splitting  up  sugar  into  CO.,  and 
alcohol.  See  Fermentation.  F.,  Unorganized,  or 
Non-living,  a  nitrogenous  body  produced  within  the 
body  by  the  vital  activity  of  the  protoplasm  of  the  cells. 
These  ferments  are  soluble  in  water  and  glycerin,  and 
can  be  precipitated  by  alcohol.  The  following  is  a  list 
of  this  class  :  Ptyalin.  in  saliva,  converts  starch  into 
maltose.  Pepsin,  in  gastric  juice,  converts  proteids  into 
peptones  in  an  acid  medium.  There  are  also  in  the 
gastric  juice  milk-curdling,  fat-splitting,  and  lactic 
acid  ferments,  whose  functions  are  indicated  by  their 
names.  In  the  pancreatic  juice,  there  are  F.,  Diastatic 
or  Amylopsin,  converting  starch  into  maltose  ; 
Trypsin,  converts  proteids  into  peptones  in  an  alka- 
line medium  ;  F.,  Emulsive,  emulsify  fats  ;  F.,  Fat- 
splitting,  or  Steapsin,  splits  fats  into  glycerin  and 
fatty  acids,  and  F.,  Milk-curdling.  In  the  intotinal 
juice,  there  are  F.,  Diastatic,  which  changes  maltose 
into  glucose;  F.,  Proteolytic,  which  changes  fibril) 
into  peptone  ;  Invertase,  which  changes  cane-sugar 
into  grape-sugar;  and  F.,  Milk-curdling, and  F.,  Dia- 
static, are  also  found  in  blood,  chyle,  liver,  milk,  etc. 
Pepsin  and  other  ferments  are  also  found  in  muscle 
and  urine;  and,  lastly,  a  Fibrin-forming  F.  is  also 
found  in  blood. 

Fermentation  ( fer-men-ta'-s/iuu) [fermentum.  leaven]. 
The  decomposition  of  complex  molecules  under  the 
influence  of  ferments  (organized)  or  zymazes  or  enzyms 
(unorganized),  frequently  accompanied  by  the  assimila- 
tion of  one  or  more  molecules  of  water  (hydrolysis). 
Processes  of  oxidation  and  deoxidation  sometimes  ac- 
company fermentation.  The  ordinary  transformation 
termed  eremacausis  or  decay,  is  an  oxidation  process. 
Putrefaction  is  applied  especially  to  those  fermentations 
involving  nitrogenous  matter  and  accompanied  by  the 
disengagement  of  offensive  gases.  In  these  cases,  the 
growth  of  one  or  more  species  of  microbes  is  cor- 
related with  the  chemic  changes  in  the  medium.  F., 
Acetic,  the  fermentation  whereby  weak  alcoholic  solu- 
tions are  converted  into  vinegar,  caused  by  the  Bacillus 
aceti,  etc.  F.,  Albuminoid  ;  the  agents  of  this  de- 
composition are  the  Bacillus  albuminis,  B.  catenula, 
B.  claviformis,  />.  distortus,  B.  filiformis,  B.  geni- 
eulatis,  B.  scaber,  B.  tenuis.  B.  urocephalus,  etc.  F., 
Ammoniacal ;  the  agent  of  the  ammoniacal  fer- 
mentation of  urine  is  the  Micrococcus  urece.  F., 
Butyric,  the  conversion  of  butter-fat  into  butyric  acid, 
due  to  a  microbe.  Bacillus  butyricus.  F.,  Gluconic  ; 
glucose  is  transformed  by  the  action  of  the  Microci 
oblongus.  F.,  Lactic,  the  decomposition  or  "sour- 
ing ' "  of  milk,  caused  by  the  microbe.  Bacillus  lacticus. 


\  I  1  MIA 


l-.l 


FERRl M 


Propionic  . 

I       F., 

Putrefactive,  nmonly  know  • 

■ally 

P.,  Test. 
P.,  Viscoui  xiuced  in  the  culture- 

gummy  sub 

'.entemi.i  .  leaven  ; 

rmal  pi  rment  in 

the 
Fermentogen  ■"'■■.    leaven; 

.nee  |  like  pepsinogen 
ption  ol    the  ap] 

Fern    [  '■'.  .    .  j       A  lous  plan)  "I"   the 

Ferntickle  [Pi  Eng.].      A    freckle ; 

Fcrraluin  'umen,  alum]. 

A  ry  disinfectant,  consisting  largely  of  the 

and  aluminum. 

Ferramentum  n'-tuni)    [1...   an    iron    imple- 

j.      A    surgical  instrument    of 

Ferran,  Peronospora  of.    See  P  ronospora. 

Ferrein.  Canal  of.     See  Canal.    F.,  Pyramids  of.    See 

F.,  Tubule  of.     See  Pyramid. 

Fern-  tun, iron].    A  prefix  that  indicates 

the  ,  as  nguished  from  <  impounds. 

quadrivalent  element. 

Ferrier's    Snuff.     A    snuff  used  in  acute  rhinitis.      Its 

mula  is hydrochlorate  of  morphin  gr.  ij,  powdered 

I    subnitrate  of   bismuth,   jjvj.      See 

Ferro-  rum,  iron].     A  prefix   used  with 

Tons)  compounds  and  salts  of 

Ferrocyanid  '  an-id  j[  ferrum,  iron;  cyanogen]. 

A  gen    with    an   element  or 

i  potassium  |  i  midum)  is 

:   iron  was  so  formerly.     That  of  zinc 

given  as  a  rnedi 

r.    1-4.    in    pill.      F.    of    Potassium 

and  Acetic  Acid  Test.     S( 

Ferrocyanogen    (fer-o-si-an'-o-jen\     [forum,    iron; 

'/].     The  quadrivalent  radical,  Fe(CN 
Ferrous  urn,  iron].    Containing  iron  as  a 

tie. 
Ferrozone  mot,  iron ;  b&iv,  to  smell]. 

a  part   of  iron  protosulphate  ; 
■ 
Ferruginous  -urn, 

urn,    iron].      A    metallic    i 

•1I1  -,    an   instrument  used 
ning    irregularly  placed 

/'].     Iron.     /•;■    .56. 
istei  vary- 
I 
I     :   mally  many 

'  .   redactum,  - 

■   ined  by 

[1 

■     ■ 
In 

in 


j_v.     F.  redacti,  Trochisci  (B.P.),  each  containing 

1  of  iron.  Ferri  acetat.,  Liq.,  a  33  pn  cent, 
solution  in  water.  F.  acetat..  Liq.,  fort  (B.P.). 
Dose  itl  j-viij.  F.  acetat.,  Tinct.,  has  liq.  ferri 
acetat  50,  alcohol  30,  acetic  ether  20 parts.  It  is  styp- 
tic and  stimulant.  Dose  \\  x-3  ij.  F.  bromid.,  Fe- 
Bi  Dose  gr.  v-xx.  F.  bromidi,  Syr.,  contains  i<> 
I  of  ferric  bromid.  It  isa  sedative  tonic,  rec- 
ommended  in  nervous  di  I  >ose  itl  v   kxx.   F. 

carb.  saccharat.,  contains  15  per  cent,  of  ferrous 
carbonate.  It  is  a  stimulant  to  digestion.  Dose  gr.  ij- 
x,  with  food.  F.  carb.,  Massa,  Yallet's  mass;  ferrous 
sulphate   loo,  sodium   carbonate    IIO,  honey  38,  sugar 

-snip  and  distilled  water  aa  q.  s.  ad  fac.  IOO  parts. 

»e  gr.  iij  to  v,  after  food.  F.  carb.,  Pil.  (B.P,  |. 
Dose  gr.  v-xx.  F.,  Mist.,  aromat.  (B.P.).  Dose 
Sj— ij.   F.,  Mistura,  comp.,  Griffith's  mixture  ;  ferrous 

hate  6,  myrrh,  sugar,  aa  iS,  potassium  carbonate  8, 
spt.  lavender  50,  rose  water  900.  This  is  essentially  a 
carbonate  of  iron.  Dose^ss.  F.,  Pilulae,comp.,(Jiif 
fith's  pill,  containing  each,  ferrous  sulphate  gr.  <4 ,  so- 
dium carb.  gr.  \  ,  myrrh  gr.  iss,  syrup  q.  s.  1  »ose  gr.  ij 
to  vj.  F.  chloridum,  !•'<•„(  '1,..  12  I  I.,<  ),  strongly  acid. 
ast  ringent,  hemostatic,  and  styptic.  It  is  never  used  inter- 
nally. F.  chlorid.,  Liq.  (Liq.  fer.  perchloridi,  I!.  P.), 
an  aqueous  solution  containing  38  per  cent,  of  the  salt. 
Dose  mjj-.x  ;  rarely  used.  Liq.  fer.  perchlor.  fort. 
(B.P. ),  a  powerful  styptic.  Fe.i(C?H507)26II,0.  F. 
chlorid.,  Tinct.,  contains  liq.  ferri  chlor.  25,  alcohol 
q.  s.  Ii  is  very  commonly  used,  and  is  one  ol  the 
best  tonic  preparations.  Dose  rt\y-xx.  Tinct.  fer. 
perchloridi  1 1!.  I'.).  Dose  rrLx-xx.  F.  citras,  solu- 
ble in  water,  insoluble  in  alcohol  ;  a  mild  stimulant. 
Iiosegr.  ij-v.  F.  citras,  Liq., "a  solution  of  ferri  citrat., 
35  per  cent,  in  strength.  Dose  tr^  v— xv.  F.  citras, 
Vinum,  ammonio-ferric  citrate  4,  tinct.  orange  peel, 
syrup,  aa  12,  stronger  white  wine  72  parts.  Dose  3J- 
ij.  F.  hypophosphis,  Fe2(H2POj)6,  ferric  hypo- 
phosphite,  soluble  in  very  dilute  hydrochloric  acid. 
Dose  gr.  v-x.  F.  iodidum  saccharat.,  soluble  in 
water.  It  is  a  tonic.  I  lose  gr.  v-xxv.  F.  iodid.,  Pil., 
contains  reduced  iron,  iodin, liquorice, sugar, acacia,  and 
water,  coated  with  balsam  of  tolu  in  ether.  Dose  j-ij 
pills.  F.  iodidi,  Syr.,  contains  10  per  cent,  of  the 
iodid.  Dose  mjv-xxx.  F.  lactas,  le((  ,1  IO:t).,.3lU  >, 
ferrous  lactate, — best  solvent,  sodium  citrate.  Dose  gr. 
j-iij.  F.  nitratis,  Liq.,  aqueous,  contains  6  per  cent, 
of  the  salt ;  it  is  styptic  and  astringent.  Dose  ft^v— xv. 
F.  oxalas,  Fe<  '.,<  ),.  1 1.,(  >.  Dose  gr.  ij  in  pill.  F.  oxid. 
hydratum  (Ferri  peroxid.  hydrat.  B.P.),  Fe(HO)6, 
ferric  hydrate,  prepared  by  adding  aq.  ammonia  S 
parts  to  a  solution  of  ferric  sulphate  10  parts.  It  is  an 
antidote  for  arsenical  poisoning,  and  should  be  prepared 
asneeded.  Dosegj.  F. oxid.  hydrat.  cum  magnesia, 
should  be-  prepared  as  needed  from  sol.  ferric  sulphate 
1000  gr. ,  water  2000  grains,  to  which  is  added  magnesia 
150  gr.,  water  3  xxxij.  It  is  an  antidote  for  arsenic. 
F.,  Emplastrum,  strengthening-plaster;  ferric  hy- 
drate 9,  olive-oil  5,  Burgundy  pitch  14,  lead-plaster 
72.  F.,  Trochisci,  have  each  oi  ferric  hydrate  dried 
gr.    v,    vanilla   gr.     ,',,,    sugar   and    mucilage   of   traga- 

th  q.  s.  I  lo-e  j  iij  each  day.  F.  phosphas, 
Fi  l',«  i_.M  I„(  1.  an  adjuvant  to  laxative  pills,  gr. 
F.  phosphat.,  Syr.  1  I;  I'.  1.  Dose  3 j.  Fox's 
Pill  B.P  ,  Blaud's  Pill.  See  Pill.  F.'pyrophos- 
phas,  ta  and    non  astringent.      Dose   gr.   ij-v. 

F.  subchloridi,  Syr.  (B.P.).  Dose  ^ss-j.  F.  sul- 
phas, FeS04  jll/i,  copperas,  protosulphate  of  iron, 
ferrous  sulphate,  astringent  and  irritating.  It  is  an 
ingredii  nl  of  pil.  aloi  -  1 1  ferri,  q.  v.  F.  sulph.  ex- 
siccat.,  FeS04.  H20.  Dose  gr.  ss-ij  in  pill.  F.  sulph. 
granulatus  1  Ferri  sulphas  granulata,  B.  P.),  FeS- 


FERTILE 


n;r> 


FE'l  I  S 


04. 7 H./ »,  the  foregoing  precipitated  from  its  solution 
by  alcohol.  1  lost-  gr.  ss-ij.  F.  subsulph. ,  Liq.,  Fe4<  » 
(S(),)v  Monsel's  solution,  an  aqueous  solution  of 
basic  sulphate  of  iron,  powerfully  astringent,  Myptic 
and  hemostatic;  it  i>  rarely  given  internally.  I1"  e 
rr^iij— x.  F.  valerianas,  Fe2(C5H902)6,  valerianati  oi 
iron,  soluble  in  alcohol.  Dose  L;r.  j -hj,  in  pill.  F.  et 
ammonii  citras,  citrate  of  iron  3,  water  of  ammonia 
I  part.  1  >om'  gr.  ij— v.  F.  et  ammonii  sulphas,  am- 
nionic sulphate  of  iron,  ferric  alum.  This  is  the  least 
astringent  of  the  sulphates.  Dose  gr.  ij— v.  F.  et  am- 
monii tartras  ( F.  tartaratum,  B.P.),  amnionic  tar- 
trate of  iron.  Dose  gr.  v-xx.  F.  et  potassii  tartras, 
the  least  disagreeable  of  all  iron  preparations.  Dose 
gr.  v-x.  F.  et  quininae  citras,  contains  12  per  cent, 
ofquinin.  It  is  astringent  and  stimulant.  Dose  gr. 
iij-v.  F.  et  quin.  cit.,  Liq.,  of  doubtful  value. 
Dose  1TLv-xv.  F.  et  quin.  citras  solubilis,  used  in 
preparing  vinum  ferri  amarum.  F.,  Vinum  amarum, 
bitter  wine  of  iron,  contains  sol.  citrate  of  iron  and 
quinin  8,  tinct.  orange-peel  12,  syrup  36,  stronger 
white  wine  44.  It  is  a  good  substitute  for  the  various 
"elixirs  of  calisaya  and  iron."  Dose  .^j-iv.  F.  et 
strychninae  citras,  contains  1  per  cent,  of  strychnin. 
It  is  astringent  and  stimulating.  Dose  gr.  j-iij.  F. 
et  ammonii  acetat.  Liq.,  Basham's  mixture,  con- 
tains tinct.  fer.  chlorid  2,  acetic  acid  3.  liq.  ammonii 
acet.  20,  elixir  aurantii  IO,  syrup  15,  water  5°  parts. 
It  is  very  agreeable,  tonic  and  diuretic.  Dose  Jjij— v. 
t  nofficial  preparations. — F.  albuminas.  Dose  gr. 
x-xxx.  F.  arsenias,  Fe:!As208  (not  to  be  con- 
founded with  arsen//  of  iron).  Dose  gr.  yj—g.  F. 
dialysatum,  dialyzed  iron,  a  ten  per  cent,  oxychlorid 
in  water.  It  is  astringent  and  styptic,  but  only  feebly 
chalybeate.  Dose  HLx— xxx.  Liq.  ferri  dialyzat. 
(B.P.).  Dose  n\ x-xxx.  F.  et  manganesii  iodidi, 
Syr.,  containing  in  each  fluid  ounce  50  grains  of  iodids 
in  proportion  of  3  of  iron  to  I  of  manganese.  Dose 
tTLx-xxx^gj.  F.  et  manganesii  phosphat.,  Syr., 
syrup  of  ])hosphate  of  iron  and  manganese.  Each 
dram  contains  2  gr.  phosph.  of  iron  and  I  grain  of 
manganese.  Dose  3 j.  F.,  Mistura,  aromat. ,  pale 
cinchona  bark  4,  calumba  2,  cloves  I,  iron-wire  2, 
tinct.  cardamom,  comp.  12,  tinct.  orange-peel  2,  water 
of  peppermint  50.  Do?e  §j-ij.  F.,  Mist.,  laxans, 
ferrous  sulphate  gr.  ij,  magnesium  sulphate  3J,  dilute 
sulphuric  acid  ITL,iij,  spt.  chloroform  n\xx,  water  of 
peppermint  ad  ^j.  F.,  Mist.,  salicylat.,  olei  gaul- 
therice  TTLxxxij,  tr.  ferri  chlorid  f  3  iv,  sodii  salicylat. 
jiv,  acid,  citric,  gr.  x,  glycerin,  f^j.liq.  ammonii 
citrat.  (B.  P.)  q.  s.  ad  f.^iv;  iron  to  be  added  last  in 
mixing.  Ferro-salin.,  Mist.,  magnesium  sulphate  5  j, 
potassium  bitartrate  ^j,  dried  sulphate  of  iron  gr.  x, 
water  5  xxxij.  Dose  a  wineglassful.  F.  phosphatum, 
quininae  et  strychninae,  Syr.,  Easton's  syrup,  unof. 
Each  ^j  contains  gr.  j  phosph.  of  iron,  gr.  j  quinin, 
and  gr.  fa  strychnin.  F.  Salicylas.  Dose  gr.  j— v. 
F.  Tersulphatis,  Liq.,  solution  of  ferric  sulphate, 
used  in  making  other  iron  preparations. 

Fertile  {fer' -til)  [fertilis,  fruitful].  Prolific,  fruitful. 
In  botany   applied  to  flowers  having  a  pistil. 

Fertilization  (  fer-til-h  a'-shun)  [  fertilis,  fruitful].  Im- 
pregnation ;  fecundation  ;  the  initial  act  of  sexual  re- 
production ;  it  consists  essentially  in  the  union  of  two 
cells  possessing  respectively  male  and  female  qualities. 

Fertilizing  Pouch  {fer'-til-iz-ing  powch).  A  folded 
apparatus  connected  with  the  oviduct  of  queen  bees. 

Ferula  ( /<■>■> '-u-lah)  [L.,  "a  rod"].  I.  Giant  fennel. 
A  genus  of  the  order  Umbelliferse.  See  Asafetian, 
Galbanum,  Sumbul,  Sagapenum.     2.   A  splint. 

Fervor    {fer'-vor)    [L.,    '-heat"].      Fever-heat;    it   is 
defined  as  being  more  than  calor  and  less  than  ardor. 
30 


Fessitude  {fes'-it-ud)  [fessus,  weary].  A  -ensation  of 
w  eariness. 

Fester  |  f,  /-/■>)  [ME.,/flfef],  1.  Any  -mall  or  super- 
Im  ial  ulceration.      2.   To  inflame  slightly. 

Festination  {fes-tin-a'-shun)  [festinare,  to  hasten].   A 
symptom  oi    paralysis  agitans  and  other  diseases  in 
which  the  patient  shows  in  walking  a  tendenc)  intake 
quicker  and  quicker  steps.     PropuLion  or  retropul 
are  coincident  symptoms. 

Fetal  {fc'-tal )  [fetus,  an  offspring].  Pertaining  to  the 
fetus. 

Fetation  {fe-ta' -shun)  [fetus,  a  fetus].  1.  The  forma- 
tion ol   a  letus.      2.    Pregnancy. 

Fetich,  Fetish  (fe/-tish).  Any  material  object  re- 
garded with  veneration  or  awe. 

Fetichism,  Fetishism  (fe'-tish-izm)  [Fr.,  fetich"]. 
The  term  applied  by  Binet  to  the  sexual  perversion 
exhibited  by  collectors  of  napkins,  shoes,  etc.  He 
maintain-  that  these  articles  play  here  the  part  of  the 
fetish  in  early  th«ology.  The  favors  given  by  the 
women  to  the  knights  in  the  Middle  Ages  were  both 
tokens  of  remembrance  and  sexual  excitants  of  satis 
faction.  Fetichism  is  the  association  of  lust  with  the 
idea  of  certain  portions  of  the  female  person,  or  with 
certain  articles  of  female  attire.  It  is  designated  as 
dress-f,  hair-f,  hand-f,  glove-f,  s/ioe-f,  etc.,  ac- 
cording to  the  object  worshiped. 

Fetichist  (fe/-tish-ist)  [Fr.,  fetich'].  An  individual 
whose  sexual  interest  is  confined  exclusively  to  parts 
of  the  female  body,  or  to  certain  portions  of  female 
attire. 

Feticide  (fe'-tis-id)  [fetus,  an  unborn  offspring  ;  cezdere, 
to  kill].  The  killing  by  intent  of  the  fetus  in  the 
womb. 

Fetid  {fe'-tid,  or  fet'-id)  [fetere,  to  become  putrid]. 
Having  a  foul  odor.  F.  Stomatitis.  Synonym  of 
L  'Lenitive  Stomatitis. 

Fetiferous  ( fe-t/f-er-us)  [fetus,  a  fetus  ;  ferre,  to  bear]. 
Pregnant. 

Fetiparous  (fe-tip' '-ar-us)  [fetus,  a  fetus  ;  parere,  to 
produce].      Giving  birth  to  a  fetus. 

Fetlock  {fet'-Iok)  [ME. ,  fitlokes\  A  tuft  of  hair  grow- 
ing behind  the  pastern-joint  of  horses.  F. -joint,  the 
joint  of  a  horse's  leg  next  to  the  foot. 

Fetlow  {fet'-lo)  [E. ,  dial].  A  kind  of  whitlow  or 
felon,  seen  upon  cattle. 

Fetometry  (fe-lom'-et-re)  [fetus,  offspring ;  uirpov, 
measure].  The  measurement  of  the  fetus,  especially 
of  its  cranial  diameters.  The  measurements  usually- 
made  are  as  follows  :  — 

Table  of  Measurements. 

1    Of  the  Child. 

Length, 50      cm.  (20    in} 

Bisacrotnial,     12         "    (4.8  •') 

2.  Head. 

Bitemporal 8  cm.  (3%  in) 

Biparietal 9^  "     (3%") 

Occipitofrontal,     .           11%  "     W/i  ") 

-mental 131.-  (5^ 

Trachelo-bregmatic 9>2  "     (3*4  ") 

Circumference,  occipitofrontal   .    .    .  34^  "     (138") 
Weight  of  Child  2737  grms.  (7%  pounds). 

Fetor  (fe'-tor)  [L.].  Stench;  offensive  odor.  F. 
narium.     Synonym  of  Ozena. 

Fetter-bone  (  fet'-er-boti).  In  farriery,  the  same  as 
great  pastern.      See  Pastern. 

Fettered  (  tet'-erd).  In  biology,  applied  to  animals, 
a-  the  seal,  which  have  the  hind  limbs  modified  so  as 
to  unfit  them  for  walking. 

Fetus  {fe'-tits)  [fetus,  offspring].  The  young  of  vi- 
viparous animals  in  the  womb  ;  the  embryo  in  the 
later  stages  of  development.  The  following  is  a  table 
of   the   development  of  the   embryo   and   fetus  in  the 


FETUS 


FEVER 


differ  Indis- 

:iu  r  in.inun.il-.     li  i-  a  flat- 
unshed  by  a  yelk- 
month,    i- 
(tremity  oi  the  fetus.     The 


- 


■'ronto-tiK-ntal. 


i  to- 
frontal. 


iregmatlc. 


Tarnier.) 

heart,  first  traces  of 
rudimentary  extremities,  oral 

il  closes 
if  tin-  fails  t.i  occur  at  this  time). 
I  or  Grov 

i  57  in  hes),  and  is  about  the  i 

a  ;  xept  the 

il  auditory  meatus,  tym- 

iian   tube.      At   this  time  arrest  of 

lip,   umbilical    hernia,  or 

distinguishable. 

■t    hand-   and    feet   appears,  and 

ma]  genitals  also  n<  iw  develop, 

Third  Month. 

■Inn  in  ;   9  cm.  long  (3.6 

I'i  n^ers 

and  nail-  appear 

■i'ication   are-   found 

the  head 

>  the  tr  mined  by  the  appear- 

?o  gnu-  (.63  grains. 

■  6  in.  in  length.     Lanugo 

onium.     Sex    is 

S48.76    -rains. 

-s  1      in      Vernix    caseosa 

senile  in  appearance 

'.     Quickening 

Weight,  Jj 3  grms. 

12    in.    ^1  lair 

■     ir.      lb.- 

nguinal   rings.      Weight,  715 

1  |  in. 

= 

1      in.     Down  on 
rhe   lefl  testicle  has 

project   beyond  'the 
lbs.     Ninth 

1  n  ises 

l        1  than 

at   term.       V. 

»h 


2h 

lbs. 


Fetus.  50cm.  long  20 inches;  weight,  2737 grms.  = 
7';  lbs.  Skin  i-  rosy;  lanugo  has  disappeared. 
The  nails  are  perfect  and  project   beyond  the  finger 

tip-        The     eye-    are    opened.       The    center    of   OSSl  1 

cation  in  the  lower  epiphysis  of  femur  is  5  mm.  in 
diameter,  while  that  of  the  cuboid  bone  is  ju>t  be- 
ginning to  -how.  Diameters  of  head  are  normal.  F., 
Amorphous.  SeeAnideus.  F.  Anideus.  See /4m- 
F.  in  fetu  (fetus  within  the  fetus),  the  name 
applied  to  those  interesting  inclusions  in  which  the 
stronger  fetus  in  it-  growth  has  included  within  its 
organism  the  parts  of  the  weaker  fetus.  F.  papyra- 
ceus,  the  name  given  to  the  malformation  resulting  in 
a  twin  1  cy,  when,  owing  to  an  inequality  in  the 

circulation  of  the  embryos,  the  weaker  fetu-  dies,  anil 
by  the  continually  increasing  pressure  of  the  growing 
fetus   is   flattened    more   and    more  against  the  uterine 
walls,  until   the  mass  has  a  thickness  little  greater  than 
stout  parchment.     F.,  Position  of,  the  position  occu- 
pied   by  the  fetus  in  tile  mother's  womb.      It  may   be 
oblique,  transverse,  or   longitudinal.      Also,  the    posi- 
tion   occupied     by    the    fetus   with    reference    to    the 
mother-  pelvis.      See  Table  (p.  467).     F.,   Presen- 
tation   of,    that    part   of   the    fetus    that    presents    in 
labor.     See  Presentation. 
Feuillea   {fii-il'-e-ah)    [after   Louis   Feuillet,   a   French 
naturalist].       A    genus    of    cucurbitaceous    climbing 
plant-       The  seeds  of  F.  cordifolia,  of  Jamaica,  are 
emetic  and   purgative.     F.   trilobata,  of  Brazil,   has 
similar  qualities.      Unof. 
Fever  {fe'-ver)   \_febris,  a  fever].     A  systemic  disease 
or  symptom  of  disease  wdiose  distinctive  characteristic 
is    elevation    of    temperature,    accompanied    also    by 
quickened  circulation,  increased  katabolism  or  tissue- 
waste,  and  disordered  secretions.      F.,    Abdominal. 
See    F.,    Typhoid.      F.,  Adeno-nervous.      Synonym 
of  Plague,  1/.  v.     F.,  Adeno-typhoid.     Synonym  of 
/•'. ,  Mediterranean.     F.,  African.     See   /•'. ,   Yellow, 
and  Dengue.     Also  the  same  as  /•'. ,  Congo.     F.   and 
Ague.     See    F. ,  Intermittent.     F.,   Amatory.     See 
Amatory.     F.,    Anomalous,   one  the    symptoms   of 
which  are  irregular.     F.,  Aquamalarial.     Same  as  F. , 
Malarial.     F.,  Ardent,  a  nonspecific,  continued  fever 
occurring  in  hot  climates,  in  which  the  ordinary  symp- 
toms of  febricula  are  exaggerated.     See  Ardent.     F., 
Articular.     See  Dengue.     F.,  Asthenic,  one  with  a 
low-fever  temperature,  weak  circulation,  and  great  loss 
of  nervous  force.     F.,  Ataxic.     See  /•'. ,  Typhus.     F., 
Atypic.     See  F. ,  Anomalous.     F.,  Ballast,  fever  on 
shipboard  ;    said  to  be  due  to  decaying  organic  matter 
in  the  ballast.       F.,  Barbadoes.     Synonym  of    /■'.. 
Yellow.       F.,  Barcelona.     Synonym   of  F,    Ye/' 
F.-bark.      See  Alstonia.      F.,   Bilious,  one  accom- 
panying   affections    of    the    digestive    organs.       F., 
Black.     Synonym  of  Cerebrospinal  meningitis.     F., 
Blackwater,    a    fever    occurring    on    the    west  coast 
Vfrica,  and   characterized   by  attacking  only  those 
who    have    already    suffered     from     malarial     fever. 
There    i  lill    followed    by    lumbar   pain,    slight 

jaundice,  fever,  and  the  passage  of  porter-like  urine 
Bilious   vomiting   may    occur,  and   death  with    uremic 
symptoms.      It   occurs   in  paroxysms — in  other  words, 
it  is  a  paroxysmal    hemoglobinuria.     F.,  Bladdery. 
1.    A  vulgar  name    for   Pemphigus.      2.    Same   as   /•'. , 
Catheter.     F. -blister,  a  vesicular  or  pustular  dermal 
eruption  seen    near   the  mouth,  after  a  febrile  disturb- 
.  often  occurring  after  a  common  cold.     See  I  terpen 
facialh   and  //.  labtalis.      F.,  Boa  Vista.     Synonym 
of/-.,  )    How.     F.,  Bona,  a  form  of  malignant  malarial 
r  in  Algeria.    F.,  Bouquet.  Synonym  of  Dengue. 
F.,  Brain,  fever  associated  with  cerebral  disturbance, 
or  with  inflammation  of  the  cerebral  meninges.     F., 


TABLE  OF  THE  POSITIONS  AND  PRESENTATIONS  OF  THE  FETUS. 


> 

u 
z 
Id 

— 

fa 

Varieties. 

>3 

Position  of  Fetus. 

1  [1  IN  of   Fktal 

Heart-soi  nds. 

Mor  1  Al  1 1  v. 

TIOS. 

Symbol. 

II  1  NC 
OH  Yakiki  11 

< 
- 

-1 
- 
/- 

- 

< 

s 

Vertex. 

95    per 

cent,    of 
all  cases. 

Left    occipito- 
anterior. 

L.O.A 

70  per 
cent 

Occiput  to  left  acetabulum,  fore- 
head to  right  sacroiliac  joint  ; 
bai  k  to  left;  extremities  to  right, 

above. 

One   inch   below,  and 
to  left  of  umbilicus. 

5    per 

cent 

Less 
than  1 

1"  1 
cent. 

Left    oceipito- 
posterior. 

L.O.P. 

Occiput  to  left  sacro-iliac  joint, 
forehead  to   right  acetabulum  : 
back  in  left  flank  ;  extremities 
to  right,  anteriorly. 

In    left  flank,  below  a 
transverse     line 
through  umbilicus. 

Over  y 
per 
1  ent. 

Right  occipito- 
anterior. 

R.O.A. 

Occiput  to  right  acetabulum. t<  u  1 
head   to  left   sacro-iliac   joint; 
back  to  right;   extremities  to 
left,  above. 

Near  median  line,  be- 
low umbilicus. 

Over  9 

per 
cent. 

Right  occipito- 
posterior. 

R  O.P 

30  per 

edit 

Occiput  to  right  sacro-iliac  joint, 
forehead    to    left    acetabulum; 
back    in   right  flank;  extremi- 
ties to  left,  anteriorly. 

In   right    flank,  below 
a  transverse  line 
through  umbilicus. 

S   per 

cent. 

Face. 

lA    of    i 
per  cent. 

Left   mento- 
anterior. 

L.M.A. 
L.M.P 

Second 
in  fre- 
quency. 

Chin  to  left  acetabulum,  forehead 
to  right  sacro-iliac  joint ;  back 
to  right ;  extremities  to  left. 

Left  side  of  abdomen, 
below  umbilicus. 

13  to  15 

per 

1  ent 

6    per 

cent. 

Left   mento- 
posterior. 

Chin  to  left  sacro-iliac  joint,  fore-     Left  side  of  abdomen, 
head  to  right  acetabulum  ;  back       below  umbilicus, 
to  right ;  "extremities  to  left. 

Right    mento- 
anterior. 

R.M.A. 

Chin  to  right   acetabulum,  fore- 
head   to    left    sacro-iliac    joint  ; 
back    to    left ;     extremities    to 
right. 

Right  side  ofabdomen, 
below  .umbilicus. 

Right    mento- 
posterior. 

R.M.l'. 

Mi  ''-t 
com- 
mon. 

Chin  to  right  sacro-iliac    joint, 
forehead    to    left    acetabulum; 
back    to    left ;    extremities   to 
right. 

Right  side  ofabdomen, 
below  umbilicus. 

Brow. 

*4    of    i 
per  cent. 

Left  fronto-an- 
terior. 

L.F.A. 

• 

Brow  to  left  acetabulum  ;  chin  to 
right  sacro-iliac  joint ;  back  to 
left ;  extremities  to  right,  above. 

Left  side  of  abdomen, 
below  umbilicus. 

30  per 

cent. 

10  per 

cent. 

Left  fron to- 
posterior. 

L.F.P. 

Brow  to  left  sacro-iliac  joint ;  chin 
to   right   acetabulum  ;    back  to 
left;  extremities  to  right,  above 

Left  side  of  abdomen, 
below  umbilicus. 

Right    fronto-    R.F.A. 
anterior. 

Brow  to  right  acetabulum;  chin    Right  side  of  abdomen, 
to  left  sacro-iliac  joint ;  back  to       below  umbilicus, 
right;  extremities  to  left,  above. 

Right    fronto-    R.F.P. 
posterior. 

Brow   to  right  sacro-iliac  joint;    Right  side  ofabdomen, 
chin  to  left  acetabulum  ;  back  to  ,     below  umbilicus, 
right;  extremities  to  left,  above. 

Shoulder. 

%    of     I 
per  cent. 

Left  dorso-an- 
terior. 

L.D.A. 

Most 
com- 
mon. 

Head  in  left  iliac  fossa,  back  an- 
terior; extremities  on  right  side, 
in  upper  part  of  abdomen. 

Left  side  of  abdomen, 
below  umbilicus. 

Almost 
50  per 
cent. 

11  per 
cent. 

Left    d  o  r  s  o  - 
posterior. 

L.D.P. 

Hfad  in  left  iliac  fossa,  back  pos- 
terior: extremities  on  right  side, 
in  upper  part  of  abdomen. 

Frequently  cannot  be 
heard. 

Right     dorso- 
anterior. 

R.D.A. 

Head    in  right  iliac  fossa,  back 
anterior;     extremities    on    left 
side,  in  upper  part  ofabdomen. 

Ri'^lit  side  ofabdomen, 
below  umbilicus. 

Right     dorso- 
posterior. 

R  D.P. 

Head   in   right  iliac  fossa,  back    Right  side  of  abdomen, 
posterior;    extremities   on   left       below   umbilicus   to- 
side,  in  upper  part  ofabdomen.       ward  the  flank. 

Breech. 

3  to  4  per 
cent,   of 
all  cases. 

Left  sacro-an- 
terior. 

L.S.A. 

Most 
com- 
mon. 

Sacrum  to  left  acetabulum  ;  back 
to   left    anterior;    abdomen    to 
1  ight  posterior. 

Left  side  of  abdomen, 
above  umbilicus. 

30  per 
cent. 

Less 

than  1 
per 
cent- 

Left  sacro-pos-    L.S.P. 
terior. 

Sacrum  to  left  sacro-iliac  joint; 
back  to  left  posterior  ;  abdomen 
to  right  anterior. 

Left  side  of  abdomen, 
above  umbilicus  and 
toward  the  back. 

Right  sacro- 
anterior. 

R.S.A. 

Sacrum     to    right    acetabulum;    Right  side  ofabdomen, 
back  to  right  anterior;  abdomen       above  umbilicus, 
to  left  posterior. 

Right  sacro- 
posterior. 

R.S  P. 

Sacrum  to  right  sacro-iliac  joint ;    Right  side  ofabdomen, 
back  to  right  posterior;  abdo-       above  umbilicus  and 
men  to  left  anterior.                              toward  the  back. 

467 


1 1  \ 


168 


I  EVER 


Breslau  'n 

,    Brokcnw:: 

'•'•■    Bulam. 
F.,  Bur  J  wan. 
F.-bu  ■':-.  ■ 

til    stimu- 
itile  oil. 

!     -     ..    ::.  Call 

;    .    Carbuncular. 
1-"..    Catarrhal,    i  ne    with 

Mil 

I-'..    Catheter,  mittent 

the- 
i      Ccrebro-spinal,  a  malignant  epi- 

itrai  ti"ii 
i    the    hi 
bral   and 

F., 

CI1..  al. 

ho- 

Child-be  /.     F., 

Colorado.  F.,  Congestive, 

intermittent  malarial 

■     M  •   n  //is. 

ila- 

:       .  ails 

F.,  Contagious. 

F  .    Continued,  one    in 

temperature 

!.  when  ver 

F.,  Country. 

F.,  Cretan  Ita.     F., 

New,  of   Crete  an. 

Y  .     Dandy  F.,    Date. 

F.,    Deccan.     Synonym    of 

F.,  Diary.      Synonym   of 

F..    Dothienteric.      Synonym    of 

F.,    Dynamic.      Synonym    of    F., 

Y ..  Elcphantoid,  a    name  given  to  the 

ml    the   ■ 

F.,    Enteric.      See    A, 

idemic  Catarrhal.     Synonym  of 

F  .  Epidemic  Gastro-rheumatic.    Syno- 

!•'  .  Epihippic,    influenza  in    the 

I'.,    Eruptive,   that    accompanied    <>r    suc- 

I 

.    .  F.,  Eruptive   Epi- 

demic,   of    In  :  F., 

F.,  Famine.     See 
Fcco-malarial.     See    F.,M, 

Y  -:'••  .v.  ;   „ in m, 

linintic 

I   ii.  ■  T.      F., 

F.,  Florida, 

ical 

■\  typhoid 

•    high 

'  indefinil 

■  in- 

•bilious. 
Gibraltar 
F.,  Haj  if  the  mucous  membrai 

til 
[t  is  mat 
tbundant  lachry- 

'   '  ind 


othei  grasses,  and  to  dust,  odors,  perfumes,  and  irrita 
ting  substances  acting  upon  a  hypersensitive  Schneidi 
rian  membrane  in  those  with  a  marked  nervous  con- 
stitution. It  i>  aKo  attributed  to  the  influence  of 
microbes  that  float  in  the  air.  Climate  seems  to  1m  ,i 
potent  factor  in  the  etiology  in  certain  >  a-cs.  F., 
Heat.  Synonym  of  Insolation.  F.-heat,  the  heat 
F., Hectic.  Synonym  of  Tabes  mesenterica. 
Also  the  fever  that  accompanies  pulmonary  tubercu- 
losis and  other  disease-  attended  with  suppurati 
F.,  Hemo-gastric.  See  /. ,  Yellow.  F.,  Hospital. 
/•'.,  Typhus.  F.,  Idiopathic,  one  the  cause  of 
which  escapes  detection.  F.,  Inflammatory.  Syno 
nym  of  Anthrax.  F.,  Intermittent,  one  in  which  the 
symptoms  intermit,  with  intermediate  periods  of  free- 
dom from  the  febrile  attack.  This  is  the  common  form 
of  malarial  fever.  F.,  Italian.  Synonym  of  Influenza 
and  of  /'. ,  Mediterranean.  F.,  Jail.  Synonym  of 
/■'.,  Typhus.  F.,  Jungle,  a  remittent  fevei  of  India. 
F.,  Kendal.  Synonym  of  F.,  Yellow.  F.,  Leghorn. 
Synonym  of /..  I  F.,  Lent.     Synonym  of/.. 

Typhoid.  F.,  Levant.  Synonym  of  /.,  Relapsing. 
F.,  Low,  fever  of  an  asthenic  type.      F.,  Lung,  ai 

iipous  pneumonia.  F.,  Lying-in.  Synonym  of  F., 
Puerperal.  F.,  Maculated.  Synonym  of  F.,  typhus. 
F.,  Malarial,  a  febrile  condition  of  periodic  character 
dependent  upon  the  presence  ofthehematozoamalarise. 
F.,  Malarial  Typhoid,  typhoid  fever  modified  by 
simultaneous  malarial  infection.  F.,  Malignant,  a 
si  vere  and  fatal  form  of  any  fever.  F.,  Malta.  See 
/•..  Mediterranean.  F.,  Marsh.  Synonym  of  /•. , 
Malarial.  F.,  Mediterranean,  Gastrobilious  1  ever; 
ial  Fever;  Malta  Fever;  Italian  Fever; 
Neapolitan  1  ever;  Cretan  lever;  RockFever;  Gibral- 
tar Fever;  a  specific  febrile  disease  occurring particul 
ary  on  the  Mediterranean  coast,  and  characterized  by 
long,  irregular  pyrexia,  frequent  relapses,  rheumatii 
complications,* constipation,  and  the  absence  ol  ulcera 
tion  of  Peyer's patches.  It  has  an  incubation  period  of 
from  six  to  nine  days.  The  temperature  may  rise  to  1040 
or  ic6°  1  •'.,  and  in  fatal  cases  to  Ilo°  Y.  The  course  is 
often  prolonged  to  from  three  months  to  a  year  or 
more.  The  mortality  rate  is  about  two  per  cent.  F., 
Mesenteric.  Synonym  of  'Tabes  mesenterica.  F., 
Miasmatic.   Synonym  of  F.,  Malarial.   F.,  Miliary, 

an  former!}    very  comm occurring  in  an 

epidemic  form,  with  a  prodromal  stageof  twoorthree 
days,  during  which  there  is  great  irritation  of  the 
skin,  debility,  and  a  feeling  of  suffocation.  This  is 
followed  by  profuse  sweating,  high  fever,  precordial 
and  trie    distress,  and    the   appearance  on  the 

third  or  fourth  day  of  a  rash,  first  upon  the  neck  and 
breast,  consisting  of  numerous  round  or  irregular  spots, 
in  the  centei  of  which  vesicles  arise  that  finally  burst 
and  form  crusts.  Desquamation  and  slow  convales- 
cence follow.  F.,  Military.  Synonym  of  F.,  Ty- 
phus.     F.,  Milk,  a    form  of  slight   puerperal   septi- 

lia,  formerly  thought  to  be  <\uc  to  (he  formation  of 
milk  in  the  mother's  breast.  F.,  Mountain.  Syno- 
nym of  /.,  Typhoid.  F.,  Mucous.  A  synonym  of 
/■'.,  Typhoid,  ,/.  v.  F  ,  Neapolitan.  Si  e  F.,  Medi- 
terranean. F.,  New.  Synonym  of  /•". ,  Malta.  F., 
Night-soil.  Synonym  ol  /•'. .  Typhoid.  F.,  Och- 
lotic.  Synonym  of  /. .  Typhus.  F..  Paludal.  See 
/■. .  Intermittent.  ¥..  Panama,  an  endemic  fever  on 
the  Isthmus  of  Panama;  pernicious  malarial  fever. 
F.,  Periodic.  See  F.,  Intermittent.  ¥.,  Pernicious, 
a  malignant  fatal  type  ol  remittent  or  intermittent 
malarial  fever.  F.,  Peyerian.  Synonym  of  /•'. , 
Typhoid.     F.,  Prison,  typhus  fever.     F..  Puerperal, 

tria ;    an    acute,    heterogenetic,   contagious  febrile 
women  in  child-bed.      It  is  due  to  the  in- 


FEVER 


u;u 


FEVER 


troduction  of  germs  and  septic  material  into  the  sys- 
tem, the  poisonous  agents  finding  entrance  through 
the  wound-  and  lacerations  of  the  genital  tract  con 
quent  upon  parturition.  In  some  cases  these  wound-. 
take  on  an  unhealthy  condition  with  the  formation 
over  them  of  a  whitish  or  grayish  pellicle;  they  then 
form  the  so-called  diphtheric  ulcers,  although  they 
bear  no  relation  to  true  diphtheria.  In  other  cases 
there  may  start  up  a  gangrenous  condition  spreading 
rapidly  to  the  adjoining  tissues.  Virchow  calls  this 
variety  Erysipelas  Malignum  Internum,  q.  v.  It  may 
assume  a  number  of  other  form.--,  all  oi  whii  b  are  ol  a 
greater  or  lesser  degree  of  gravity.  F.,  Puking. 
Synonym  of  Milk-sickness.  F.,  Pulmonic.  A  syno 
nym  of  Croupous  Pneumonia.  F.,  Putrid.  Synonym 
of/'".,  Typhus.  F.,  Pyogenic.  Synonym  of  Strangles. 
F.,  Pythogenic.  Synonym  of  F. ,  Typhoid.  F., 
Quinin,  fever  produced  by  large  doses  of  quinin  ;  it 
is  attended  with  hematuria,  dysuria,  dyspnea,  threat- 
ened collapse.  F.,  Red.  Synonym  of  /'  n  u  F., 
Relapsing,  famine  Fever;  an  acute  specific  febrile 
disease  characterized  by  a  short  paroxysm  of  fever, 
ending  in  crisis,  followed  by  a  well  marked  remission, 
and  that  by  a  relapse  on  or  about  the  fourteenth  day. 
The  fever  is  high  and  the  patient  restless  ;  there  is  no 
characteristic  eruption  ;  but  the  patient  emits  a  peculiar 
musty  odor  like  that  of  burning  straw.  Epistaxis,  often 
profuse,  is  present.  A  crisis  is  usual  on  the  seventh  day 
and  is  attended  usually  by  some  critical  discharge.  In 
seven  days,,  or  a  little  sooner,  the  relapse  occurs,  last- 
ing from  a  few  hours  to  seven  days  or  more.  During 
convalescence  there  may  be  a  flaky  desquamation. 
Theie  is  always  in  this  disease  marked  enlargement  of 
the  spleen  ;  the  liver  also  is  enlarged,  as  well  as  the  kid- 
neys. The  disease  is  due  to  the  presence  in  the  blood  of  a 
specific  spirillum,  which  is  only  seen  during  the  parox- 
ysms. F.,  Remittent,  a  paroxysmal  fever  with  exacer- 
bations and  remissions,  but  not  intermissions ;  u-u- 
ally  applied  specifically  to  remittent  malarial  fever. 
F.,  Rheumatic.  See  Rheumatism.  F.,  Rock.  Syn- 
onym of  F.,  Mediterranean.  F.,  Scarlet.  See 
Scarlatina.  F.,  Septic,  one  due  to  the  admission  of 
septic  matter  into  the  system.  F.,  Seven-day.  Syn- 
onym of  F.,  Relapsing.  F.,  Seventeen-day.  Syn- 
onym of  F.,  Relapsing.  F.,  Ship.  Synonym  of  /•'. , 
Typhus.  F.,  Shoddy,  an  illness  occurring  among 
shoddy-grinders.  The  symptoms  are  headache, 
malaise,  dryness  of  the  fauces,  and  difficulty  of  breath- 
ing. The  acute  symptoms  subside  in  six  or  eight 
hours,  but  cough  and  expectoration  remain  as  a 
chronic  condition.  F.,  Siam.  Synonym  of  F, 
Yellow.  F.,  Simple  Continued,  a  continued,  non- 
contagious fever,  varying  in  duration  from  one  to 
twelve  days,  and  usually  ending  in  recovery,  F.,  Solar. 
Svnonym  oi  Dengue.  F.-sore,  a  colloquial  name  for 
necrosis  of  the  tibia  ;  also  a  fever-blister.  F.,  Spiril- 
lum. Synonym  of  F. ,  Relapsing.  F.,  Splenic. 
Synonym  of  Anthrax.  See  Pustula  maligna.  F. , 
Sthenic,  fever  characterized  by  abnormal  increase  of 
the  cardiac  and  vital  activities.  F.,  Stiff-necked. 
Synonym  of  Dengue.  F.,  Sudoral.  Synonym  of /., 
Mediterranean.  F.,  Summer,  hay-fever.  F.,  Sun. 
Synonym  of  Insolation.  F.,  Three-day.  Synonym 
of  Dengue.  F.,  Traumatic,  that  following  trau- 
matism, surgical  or  accidental.  F.-twig.  See 
Climbing  Staff-tree  and  Celastrus.  F.,  Typhoid, 
Enteric  Fever;  an  acute  continued  fever  due  to  a 
specific  virus,  the  bacillus  typhosis,  and  characterized 
by  peculiar  intestinal  lesion.-,  splenic  enlargement, 
macula;  on  the  skin  (rose  spots),  headache,  delirium. 
diarrhea,  prostration,  etc.  The  morbid  changes  are 
chiefly  in   the  lower  part  of   the  ileum,  occasionally 


in  the  upper  part  of  the  colon,  and  consist  in  a 
necrotic  inflammatory  infiltration  of  the  follicular 
structures  and  neighboring  part->,  commonl)  called 
"  Peyer's  patches,"  with  a  catarrhal  inflammation  of 
the    rest   of  the  intestinal    mucous  membrane.     The 

...  an  the  i  bat  u  b  ristic  liquid  ochei  colored  p 
sages,  resembling  pea-soup.  Epistaxis  is  frequently  an 
early  symptom.  The  duration  of  the  disease  is  usually 
about  four  weeks.  Then  maj  be,  however, an  al  ■ 
live  form  of  the  disease  ending  at  from  the  eighth  to  the 
fourteenth  day.  I  he  afebrile  form,  whichis  rare,  may 
have  a  normal  or  even  subnormal  temperature  through- 
out the  entire  course.  Perforation  of  the  bowel, 
peritonitis,  hemorrhage,  and  tympanites  are  some  ol 
the  complications  ol   the  disease.     Ri  occur  in 

a  certain  proportion  of  the  cases.  The  poison  of 
typhoid  fever  usually  enters  the  system  through  I 
drinking-water,  or  milk,  or  by  inhaling  effluvia  from 
drains.  Direct  contagion  from  the  sick  to  the  healthy 
plays  but  a  small  part  in  the  dissemination  of  typhoid 
fever.  See  Table  of  Exanthemata.  F.,  Typhoid, 
Ambulatory,  the  latent  form,  with  illy-defined  symp- 
toms, so  that  the  patient  scarcely  feels  ill  enough  to  go 
to  bed.  .The  prognosis  in  this  form  of  the  disease  is 
often  grave.  F.,  Typhoid,  Atypical.  Synonym  of 
/'.,  Mediterranean.  F.,  Typhoid,  Canine,  a  peculiar 
form  of  typhoid  fever  occurring  only  among  patients 
who  have  been  previously  subject  to  malaria.  The 
period  of  invasion  is  from  one  to  three  days,  during 
which  the  patient  complain-  of  general  discom 
constipation.  This  is  followed  by  a  rapid  develop- 
ment of  the  fever,  the  temperature  almost  immediately 
reaching  1040  F.  After  the  third  day  diarrhea,  epis- 
taxis, and  intestinal  hemorrhage  occur.  The  fever  sub- 
sides at  the  end  of  the  first  week,  though  the  diarrhea 
and  enlargement  of  the  spleen  continue.  The  pulse 
is  always  slow.  F.,  Typhoid,  Intermittent.  Syno- 
nym of  F. ,  Mediterranean.  F.,  Typho-malarial,  a 
malarial  fever  with  typhoid  symptom.-.  F.,  Typhus, 
an  acute,  specific,  epidemic,  contagious,  exanthematous 
fever,  probably  due  to  a  specific  infecting  germ,  and 
characterized  by  a  peculiar  petechial  eruption,  depi 
sion  of  the  vital  powers,  profound  cerebral  manilV- 
tions,  and  absence  of  any  discoverable  lesion.  It  ter- 
minates by  crisis  on  or  about  the  fourteenth  day.  or  by 
death  from  exhaustion  or  coma.  See  Exanthemata, 
Table  of.  F.,  Typhus,  Abdominal.  Synonym  of 
F,  Typhoid.  F.,  Typhus,  Walking,  typhus  fever 
in  which  the  vital  powers  are  not  greatly  reduced,  so 
that  the  patient  does  not  go  to  bed.  F..  Urinary, 
the  febrile  disturbance  that  follows  the  use  of  the 
catheter  or  bougie,  or  other  operation  upon  the 
urinary  organs,  or  any  distinct  impression  made  upon 
the  urethra  or  bladder  by  some  other  means  than 
these.  Urinary  fever  varies  in  severity,  from  a  slight 
chill  and  moderate  rise  of  temperature  to  a  well- 
marked  chill  with  considerable  rise  of  temperature. 
F.,  Vitular.  See  Collapse,  Parturient.  F.,  Vitulary. 
See  Collapse,  Parturient.  F.-wort.  See  Triosteum. 
F.,  Wound.  Synonym  of  /''..  1'raumatic.  F.. 
Yellow,  an  acute,  specific,  infection-,  contagii 
paroxysmal,  malignant  fiver,  occurring  mainly  in  sub- 
tropical regions,  and  characterized  by  three  stages 
— the  febrile,  the  remission,  and  the  collapse.  The 
poison  of  the  disease  is  destroyed  by  frost.  The 
period  of  incubation  varies  from  one  to  fourteen 
days.  The  onset  is  sudden,  the  temperature  high. 
There  is  a  tendency  to  hemorrhage  from  the  n< 
mouth,  vagina,  kidneys,  or  stomach ;  the  skin  and 
conjunctivae  acquire  a  yellow  tint  or  even  a  deep  olive 
or  mahogany  color.  There  may  be  vomiting  of 
altered  blood.    In  fatal  cases  there  is  found  a  granular 


1  l  \l  i:i>h 


170 


FIBR(  iMA 


de_  the 

i 

•    IllltlUltl 

Feverish  mcwh.it 

.::.  re  tin  ism  - 

Fiber 

mu  F 

Axial, 

it  ind  the  axis- 

I       Beale's.  n   in 

mes  a   medul- 
F,  .  Biihlmann's,  pe<  uliar  lines  formed  in 

F.,  Gott- 
stc  •  rve-fibers  of 

F.  of  Corti. 
F.    of    Gerdy,  rid  of   Gbers 

the 
F.    of   Muller,   a    supporting 
it    unites   the  various    layers   "t 
}■'.  of   Remak.  certain    pale   and    non- 
ind    mostly   in   branches 
F.  of     Sharpey,  delicate 
gb  and  rivet  together 
F.,  Sustentacular. 
F.    of   Tomes,    elongated    and 
ti  iblasts  of  the  pulp, 
th. 
Fibra  S  ime  as  Ft 

Fibration  ■  j.      1  ibrous  con- 

I 
Fibr  I  ■  :bnlla  ril'-ah)    [dim.    of 

iponent   filament 
applied  to  minute  nerve-filaments. 
Fibrillar  fiber].      Pertain- 

F.  Contractions,  spontaneous  con- 
rent  bundles 
are    characteristically   ob- 
lar  atrophy. 
Fibrillar;.  is  Fibril 

Fibrillation  [jibrilla,  a  small  fiber]. 

_■  fibrillar;  also  a  fibrillar  contrac- 
F.  of   New 
sue,  tli  ;    fibril lae   in    new-form 

Fibr.  i  fiber].      A  native  albumin  or 

olid    in   shed 

nd  lympl  gulation  of  these 

"i    innumerable, 

ed,    microscopic, 

the  blood-corpus- 

ml  with  th<  in  forming  the 

I  ibrin  forms  about 

tnd   is  insoluble    in  « 

itonin    by   dilute 
F  -ferment,  a  ferment  obtainable 

red        It 
blood.     Its 

fiber].     The 
ni.  .nut  of  fibrin. 
Fibrinogen 

of  the   globulin 

dations, 

ibu- 
pl  isma,  aided  b; 

FibrinogenR  ,„,  a  | 


Fibrinogenous     (/i-brin-of-en-us)     [Jibra,     a     fiber; 
,  to  produce].      Forming  or  producing  fibrin. 

Fibrinoplastic     ( fi-brin-o-plas'-tik)     [Jibra,    a    fiber; 
to  form].     Of  the  nature  of  fibrinoplastin. 

Fibrinoplastin  (Ji-brin-o-plas'-tin).     See  Paraglobuhn. 

Fibrinous  i  //'  brin-us)  [fibra,  a  fiber].  <  If  the  nature 
i  >i  i  ■!  containing  fibrin. 

Fibrinuria    {Ji-brin-u'-re-aK)   [libra,  a    liber;     oipov, 
urine].     The  presence  <>l   fibrin  in  the  urine  to   an 
extent    that    causes    it-    coagulation    after  the    li<|ui<l 
has  been  voided.      It  usually  occurs  in   the  course  ol 
villotis  of  the  bladder,  or   after   the   use   of 

canthai  i 

Fibro-  i  //' -/ire-)  [Jibra,  a  liber].  A  prefix  used  to 
denote  fibrous  structure. 

Fibro-areolar  (Ji-bro-ar-e* '-o-lar)  [fibra.  fiber;  areola, 
dim.  of  area,  an  open  space].  Containing  both  fibrous 
and  areolar  tissues. 

Fibroblast  (Ji* -bro-blast)  [Jibra, fiber;  A'/nr.mr,  germ], 
A  connective  tissue  cell. 

F'ibro-bronchitis    {fi-bro-brong-ki'-tis)    [Jibra,   fiber; 
t<»,  the    windpipe;    tree,  inflammation].     Bron- 
chitis with  the  expectoration  of  fibrinous  casts. 

Fibro-carcinoma  ( fi-lno-kar-sin-o'-niah)  [Jibra,  fiber; 
Kapnivufia,  carcinoma  :  pi,  Fibrocarcinomata].    A  car- 
ina with  fibrOUS  element-. 

Fibro-cartilage  I  fi-bro-kar* '-til-aj  )  [fibra,  a  fiber ;  car- 

tilago,  gristle].     Cartilage  with   more  or  less  co] 

intermixture  of  fibrous  element-. 
Fibro-cartilaginous     (Ji-bro-kar-til-ajf-in-us)    [Jibra, 

tilier;    cartilago,  gristle].      Composed    of    or   contain 

ing  fibro-cartilage. 
Fibro-cellular  (Ji-bro-sel' '-u-lar)   [fibra,    fiber;     cclla, 

cell].      Until  fibrous  and  cellular;   fibro-areolar. 
Fibro-chondritis     (Jl  bro-koirdri'-tis)     [Jibra,    fiber; 

Xfiin    '    ,  cartilage;   trig,  inflammation],    inflammation 

of  fibro-cartilage. 
Fibrocyst  (  fi'-bro-sis/)  [jibra,  liber;    Kinnr,  cyst].      A 

fibroma  that  has  undergone  cystic  degeneration. 
Fibro-elastic  { fi-bro-c-las'-tik)  [Jibra,  fiber:  eXaorucdg, 

elastic].     Consisting  partly  of  fibrous  elastic  tissue. 
Fibro-enchondroma   {Ji-bro-en-kon-dro'-mak)   [  fibra, 

fiber;    tv,  in;    ,V'''ffy"".',  cartilage ;    bfta,    tumor:    pi., 

Fibro-enchondrcmata~\.     An  enchondroma  containing 

fibrOUS  element-. 

Fibro-glioma  {ji-bro-gli-o' -»iah)  [Jibra,  fiber ;  ;■>.■«, 
glue;  bfta,  tumor:  pi. ,  Fibrogliomatd\.  A  tumor  con- 
sisting in  part  of  fibrous  and  in  part  of  glious  element-. 

Fibroid  [Ji/-broid)  [Jibra,  fiber;  eldoc,  likeness].  A 
term  applied  to  such  structures  as  possess  a  fibrous  ap- 
pearance, but  cannot  be  separated  into  libers.  Also, 
a  fibroid  tumor.  F.  Heart,  a  chronic  form  of  myo 
carditis  in  which  there  is  a  development  of  fibrous 
connective  ti-sue  in  the  cardiac  muscle.  F.  Indura- 
tion. See  Induration,  F.  Phthisis,  the  ver) 
chronic  form  of  phthisis,  in  which  the  inflammatory 
products  have  taken  on  a  fibroid  chanj 

Fibroin  (Ji'-bro-in)  [fibra,  liber],  <  ,11  \M,,  An 
albuminoid;  a  white,  shining  substance,  the  chief 
constituent  of  the  cocoon-  "I  insects  and  spider-web. 
See  also  Fibrorin, 

Fibro-lipoma   (  fi-bro-lip-o' '-mah)   [fibra,  fiber;    / 
fat;   i'lm.  tumor:    pi.,   Fibro-lipomata~\.     A  neoplasm 
constituted  of  both  fibrous  and  fatty  i  [<  mi  nts. 

Fibroma  {Ji-bro* -mafi)  [fibra,  a  fiber;  bfta,  a  tumor: 
pi..  Fibromata].  I.  An\  fibrous-tissue  tumor;  it  is 
ilso  inoma.  z.  See  Molluscum  fibrosum.  F., 
Concentric,  a  soft,  red,  vascular  form  of  uterine  fibro- 
ma, forming  a  general  enlargement  oi  the  uterus,  con- 
centrically surrounding  the  uterine  cavity.  It  contains 
a  relatively  greater  abundant  e  of  muscular  tissue  than 
the  other  v.:  |   fibromata,      F.  fungoides.    See 


IlbKOMYITIS 


171 


I  1 1. ARIA 


Granuloma  fungoides  and  Mycosis.  F.  lipoma- 
todes.  Same  as  Xanthoma,  a.  v.  F.  molluscum. 
Synonym  of  Molluscum  fibrosum.  F.  simplex. 
Synonym  of  Molluscum  fibrosum, 

Fibromyitis  (fi-bro-mi-i'-tis)  [fibra,  fiber;  pic,  mus- 
cle; trig,  inflammation].  Inflammation  oi  a  muscle, 
leading  to  its  fibrous  degeneration. 

Fibro-myoma  (fi-bro-mi-of-mah)  [fibra,  fiber;  (ivg, 
muscle;  bun,  a  tumor:  pi. ,  Fibro-myomata"].  A 
tumor  composed  of  fibrous  and  mus<  ular  ti-  ;ue. 

Fibromyxoma  (  fi-bro-miks-o' -man)  \Jibra,  fiber;  u 
mucus  ;  bua,  a  tumor:  pi.,  Fibromyxomata\      A  ill -r. > 
ma  that  is  undergoing  a  myxoid  change. 

Fibroplastic  (fi-bro-plas' '-ti£)  [fibra,  fiber;  rrXaaaeiv, 
to  form].  Showing  a  tendency  toward  the  formation 
of  fibers;  a  terra  applied  to  certain  cases. of  spindle- 
celled  sarcoma. 

Fibrorin  [fi-bror' -in)  [fibra,  fiber].  In  biology,  the 
substance  of  which  the  webs  of  spiders  are  composed. 

Fibro-sarcoma  (  fi-bro-sar-ko' '-mah  \  [fibra,  liber:  ffdpf, 
flesh;  bua,  tumor:  pi,  Fibro-sarcomaia~\.  A  spindle- 
celled  -an  >.ma,  with  elements  that  cause  it  to  resemble 
a  fibroma. 

Fibro-serous  (fi-bro-se'-rus)  [fibra,  liber;  serum, 
whey].  Having  the  qualities  of  a  fibrous  and  serous 
structure.  F.-s.  Membranes,  thin,  transparent, glist- 
ening structures  forming  closed  sacs,  that  contain 
certain  organs.  They  are  the  peritoneum,  the  two 
pleurae,  the  pericardium,  the  tunica  vaginalis  testis,  the 
arachnoid,  and  synovial  membranes. 

Fibrosis  {fi-brof-sis)  \_fibra,  fiber].  The  development 
of-Luteralitial  fibrous  tissue;  it  occurs  as,  a  disease- 
process  in  the  coats  of  the  smaller  blood  vessels  at  about 
middle  life.    F.,  Arterio-capillary.    See  Endarteritis. 

Fibrous  (fi'-brits)  [fibra,  a  fiber].  Containing  fibers; 
of  the  character  of  a  liber. 

Fibula  (fib'-u-lah)  [L.  ,a  buckle].  The  smaller  or 
splint-bone  at  the  outer  part  of  the  lower  leg  articu- 
lating above  with  the  tibia,  and  below  with  the 
astragalus  and  tibia.      It  forms  the  external  malleolus. 

Fibulad  (  fib'-u-lad )  [  fibula,  a  buckle;  ad,  to]. 
Toward  the  fibula  ;   on  the  fibular  side. 

Fibular  (  fib'-u-lar)  [fibula,  a  buckle].  Relating  to 
the  fibula. 

Fibulare  (fib-u-la'-re)  [L. :  pi.,  Fibularia~\.  Same  as 
Calcaneum. 

Fibulen  ( fib'-u-len)  [fibula,  a  buckle].  Belonging  to 
the  fibula  in  itself. 

Fibulo-calcaneal  ( fib-u-lo-kal-ka' '-ne-al)  [fibtda,  a 
buckle  ;  calcaneum,  the  heel].  Pertaining  to  or  con- 
necting the  fibula  and  the  calcaneum. 

Ficarin  [Jik'-ar-in)  [ficus,  a  fig].  A  neutral  principle 
obtained  from  the  common  ficary  ;  it  i~  used  internally 
and  externally  for  piles. 

Ficary  (fi&'-ar-e)  [ficaria;  ficus,  a  fig;  a  hemorrhoid]. 
The  Ranunculus  ficaria,  pilewort,  a  common  European 
herb,  long  a  popular  remedy  for  piles. 

Fichtelite  {fich' -tel-lt)  [Ger.,/5cAtel],<  ,„!! .....  A  min- 
eral resin  that  occurs,  together  with  retene,  in  the  peat 
of  fossil  pines.  It  crystallizes  in  vitreous  prisms,  and 
melts  at  460  C. 

Fick's  Angle.     See  Angle. 

Ficoin  I  fi'-ko-iri)  [ficus,  a  fig].  Doliariin,  or  cradin  ; 
a  form  of  papayin,  or  vegetable  pepsin,  obtained  from 
various  species  of  Ficus. 

Ficosis  (fi-ko'-sis).     See  Sycosis. 

Ficus  {fi'-kus)  [L. ,  a  tig-tree].  1.  The  fig.  The 
fleshy  receptacle  of  F.  carica,  native  to  Asia  Minor, 
and  cultivated  throughout  Europe  and  tropical  Amer- 
ica. It  contains  62  per  cent,  of  grape-sugar  when 
dry.  It  is  somewhat  laxative  and  fairly  nutritious. 
and  is  a  constituent  of  Confectio  senna.     The  genus 


/.  //      contains    many    species.       Forms   of    papayin 
(cradin,  doliariin)   occur  in  several    species.     Ol 
afford   caoutchouc,    lac,  etc.     2.  A  hemorrhoidal  or 
condyloma^  ius  tumor. 

Fiddle',  Scotch  [ME.,  fidel\     The  itch. 

Fiddler's  Muscle.     See  Fidicinal. 

Fidgets    (fif-ets)   [dim.  ol  fidge\      Uneasiness;    1 
lessness  ;  dysphoria,  q.  v. 

Fidicinal  Muscle  [fid-is* -in-al)  [fidicinus,  for  playing 
on  stringed  instruments].     Musculus  fidicinalis  ;  any 
one  of  the  four  lumbrical  muscles  of  the  band. 
Must .'    ,   Table  of 

Fidispinalis  [fid-is-pi-na' -lis)  [fidicinus,  for  playing 
..11  stringed  instruments;  spina,  the  back].  The 
muscle  called  multifidus  spin        -  .  fable  of . 

Field  [Ml    .  feeld\     Any  space  or  ai 

daily  the  field  of  vision.  F.,  Contraction  of  the, 
occurs  in  certain  retinal  and  cerebral  affections.  F.  - 
glass,  in  an  eye-pii  lens  farthest  from  the  eye. 

F. -hospital,  a  temporary  hospital  on  a  battle-field. 
F.  of  Vision,  sometimes  spoken  of  simply  as  the  field. 


Field  of  Vision  of  thf.  Left  Eye. 

The  extent  of  indirect  vision  with  fixation  of  the  visual 
a\is  upon  one  point.  Its  limit  for  white  light  is 
about  900  outward,  700  inward  and  above,  and  6o° 
downward.  The  F.  for  Colors  is  more  restricted; 
that  for  blue  is  nearly  as  large  as  that  for  white, 
while  that  for  red  and  green  is  more  narrow.  F., 
Testing  the.      See  Perimeter. 

Fifth  Nerve.  See  Trifacial '.  F.  Ventricle.  See  Ven- 
tricle. 

Fig  [ME.,  fig,  a  fig].  See  Ficus.  F.-wart.  See 
Verruca  acuminata.  F.-wort,  the  herb  Scrophularia 
nodosa,  an  alterative,  diuretic,  and  anodyne.  It  is 
sometimes  used  in  the  form  of  an  ointment  for  piles. 
I  )ose  of  the  fld.  ext.  .^ss-j.     Unof. 

Figure  of  Eight.     See  Band 

Fila  (fi'-lab)  [I..].      Plural  of  Filum,  </.  v. 

Filament   (  /if-am-cnt)   [filum,  a  thread].      A   small. 
thread-like  structure  or  part  of  an  organ,  as  a  mu- 
nerve,  or  tendon.    F..  Spermatic,  the  caudal  filament 
of  a  spermatozoon. 

Filaria  (  fi-la'-re-ah)   [  filum,  a  thread].      A  genus  of 

nematode  or  thread-worms   of  the   family  Filariid.r. 

Parasites  (Animal),  Tabic  ef    F.  bancrofti.    See 


I  11   ^RIASIS 


172 


IK  iCCA,  BACILLUS  OF 


F. 
conjunctiva  human  i 

F.  lentis  has 
P.  medinensis. 
and     / 
F.  sanguinis  hominis. 

1 1  v  e 

the 

the  lymph- 

■ 

■ 

F. 

sangumolentu 

•  ised 
human  blood  of  Filar ia 
me  allied  species. 
. 
F.  cutters  Diseast  m  of  pneumonoki 

Y .,  Dcnta".  tarum  ;   Lima 

:n  in-trt:  the  remo 

I  here  are  files 
and  molar  teeth,  i 
Filh  :*tic   of.     A  »ed  of 

tash  mixed  with  alcohol. 
Filices  a   fern].     Ferns. 

rm  thread  ;  forma,  form]. 

F.  Bougie.    S  F.  Papillae, 

if  the  papillae  of  the 

F.  Appa- 
ratus, in    i  _  imlinalh  i.  homo- 

<  ;ip.     often 
h  <>t"  the  two 

itus  or  egg-appa- 

Filipuncturc  thread;  punc 

int. >  an   aneurysmal 
or  the    like,  to  promote 

]       A  general   name  for 
F     femina,    or    feminea,  the  fern  now 
A*plenium  filix  femina, female  fern  orspleen- 
F.   mas,    male    fern. 

urn,  oil].    The 

iu's  Method.     - 
Fillc-  thread].     A   loop  shaped 

h  the  handles  of 
ari  tus, 

••    /;>■///- 
.'    .    Olivary,  nerve  fibers 

lulla.      F.  Test. 

".  to  fill].    The  material 
th. 
Filn.  :]       A  ;  r   thin   skin  ; 

■ 

?lume  'uma,    a 

abundant 

Filo- 

.     •    thread; 

\    » 

for 
r  liquid 


solutions  the  impurities  it  may  contain.     F.   Paper, 
a  paper  of  close,  firm  mesh,  much  used  l>v  pharma 

i  ists  i"i  iiltratic  in. 

Filth  [ME.,     .      .  foulness].      Foul,  offensive  matter. 
F. -disease,  any  disease  due  to  filth.     F. -dread.    S 
Mysophobia  and  Rupophobia, 

Filtration     fil-traf  tAutt)   [  fiUrum,  felt].     The  o] 
tion   of  straining   through  bibulous  paper.     The 
white  filter-papei  should  be  used  for   filtering  alkaline 
or  alkaloidal  solutions. 

Filtrum    {fil'-trum)    [1...  felt:   pl.t  Filtra\     i.    Felt, 
2    A  filter  or  strainer. 

Filum  (Ji'-lum)  [I-].  Any  thread-like  or  filamentous 
structure  ;  in  surgery,  a  thread  or  wire.  F.  corona- 
rium,  a  cord-like  ridge  that  runs  along  the  auricular 
opening  of  the  heart.  F.  terminate,  the  terminal 
Strands  of  the  spinal  cord,  extending  from  the  first 
lumbar  vertebra  through  tin-  Cauda  equina. 

Fimbria  (fim'-bre-ah)  [I. at.,  a  "fringe":  //.,  Fim- 
bria']. Corpus  fimbriatum;  taenia  hippocampi ;  a  zone 
consisting  of  alba  alone,  and  forming,  as  it  were,  a 
margin  for  the  hippocamp.  There  is  one  in  each 
hemicerebrum  between  the  hippocamp  and  the  rima. 
F.  ovarica,  one  of  the  fimbriae  of  tin-  Fallopian  tube 
nearly  double  the  length  of  the  other*,  and  characterized 
by  the  great  size  of  its  secondary  fringes.  It  li 
toward    the  ovary. 

Fimbriae  (fim'-bre-e)  [  fimbria,  a  fringe].  Thread*; 
a  fringe.  F.  of  Fallopian  Tube,  the  fringe  like 
processes  of  the  outer  extremity  of  the  oviduct. 

Fimbrial  ( Jim' -bre-al)  [fimbria,  a  thread].  Relating 
to  the  fimbria  or  to  fimbriae. 

Fimbriated  (fim' -bre-a-led)  [fimbria,  a  threadl. 
Fringed  ;   having  a  shred  like  or  fimbrial  border. 

Fimbriocele  (fim' -bre-o-sel)  [fimbria,  a  thread  ;  />///,, 
hernia].  Hernia  enclosing  some  or  all  of  the  fim- 
briae of  an  oviduct. 

Fimetarious  (fim-et-a1 f-re-us)  \_fimus,  dung].  In  bi- 
ology, growing  on  dung. 

Finckler  and  Prior,  Spirillum  of.  See  Bacteria, 
Synonymatic  Table  of. 

Fine  {fin)  [ME.,  fin,  line].  Opposed  to  coarse.  F. 
Adjustment.     See  Adjustment. 

Finger  (fing^-ger)  [ME.,  finger].  A  digit  of  the 
hand.  F.,  Clubbed.  See  Clubbed  Fingers.  F., 
Insane,  a  finger  affected  with  a  variety  of  chronic  whit- 
low; it  is  seen  in  certain  cases  of  confirmed  brain- 
disorder.  F.,  Mallet,  a  deformity  of  a  finger  charac 
id  by  deficient  extension  or  undue  flexion  of  the 
terminal  phalanx.  F. -stall,  a  rubber  covering  foi 
a  finger.  F.,  Transparent,  a  small,  round  plate  of 
glass  set  in  a  metal  frame,  used  by  Liebreich  in  plai  < 
of  digital  pressure  in  lupus-examinations.  A  lens  maj 
In-  used  in  place  of  plain  glas*,  thus  illuminating  the 
n.     F..  Trigger.     See  Trigger-fin 

Fingers  and  Toes,  Numbering  of.     Among  anatom 
i*ts  tin-  iiilr  is  almost  universally  followed  of  number- 
ing  from    tin-  thumb   and  preat  tor   (polluxand   hal 
lux).      Occasionally  the    index    linger   is  considered 
number  • 

Fining  (fi'-ning)  [ME.,  fin,  tine].  A  term  applied 
to  the  "clearing"  of  wine.  It  consists  in  addinj 
muddy  win<-  some  albuminous  or  similai  substance 
that  will  mix  with  tin  suspended  matterand  i  lit)  it  to 
tin-  bottom  or  brin^  il  to  the  surface.  'I  In-  sub 
stani  es  most  generally  employed  an-  white  of  egg,  ox- 
blood,  and   milk,  or  mixtures  ol    these  substances.  ■ 

Finlay's  Micrococcus.  See  Bacteria,  Synonymatic 
Tal 

Finn(tf«).      The  cysticercus  or  larva  of  a  tape  worm. 

Fiocca,    Bacillus   of.       See     Bacteria,   Synonymatic 


FIR 


173 


FISSURE 


Fir  i  fur)  [ME., fir,  the  fir-tree].  See  Abies.  F. -bal- 
sam. See  Abies  balsameq,.  F. -wool,  a  fiber  prepared 
in  Germany  from   pine-leaves.      It    has  I  com 

mended  as  a  material  for  the  clothing  of  invalid-,. 
F.-wool  Extract,  an  extract  prepared  from  the  leaves 
of  Finns  sylvestris  in  the  process  oi  separating  fh  wool. 
li  is  used  in  chronic  rheumatism.  LJnof.  F.-wool 
Oil  [Oleum pini sylvestris,  I).  P.  |,  the  fragrant  vol 
oil  distilled  from  the  leaves  of  Pinus  ryh/i  tris, 
mainly  by  inhalation.  Dose,  for  rheumatism,  10-20 
drops,  four  times  a  day. 

Fire  (fir)  [ME.,  /Ire].  The  visible  heat  of  burning 
bodies.  F.-damp,  the  gas  contained  in  coal,  often 
given  off  in  large  quantities,  and  exploding,  00 
ignition,  when  mixed  with  atmospheric  air.  F. 
measles.  Synonym  of  Rotheln.  F.-weed.  See 
Erechthiles  and  Epilobium. 

Firing  (fir^-ing)  [ME.,  fire,  tire].  The  application, 
either  slight  or  caustic,  of  a  hot  metallic  cauter.  I  he 
sterilization  of  a  vessel  or  flask  by  the  combustion  of 
contained  alcohol. 

Firming  (fitrm'-ing)  [firmus,  firm].  Hardening  of 
the  flesh  of  a  slaughtered  animal.  Marked  flaccidity 
of  the  tlesh  is  a  sign  of  an  unhealthy  condition  of  the 
meat. 

First  (furst)  [ME. ,  first].  Before  all  others;  fore- 
most in  rank.  F.  Intention.  See  Healing.  F. 
Light  Oil,  the  fraction  of  coal-tar  distilling  at  a  tem- 
perature up  to  I70°C.  It  includes  a  small  percentage 
of  ammonia  liquor  which  is  mechanically  contained  in 
the  tar,  and  is  separated  from  the  tar-oils  by  being 
allowed  to  stand  and  settle  out,  when  it  is  drawn  off. 
The  specific  gravity  of  this  fraction  is  about  .975,  and 
it  is  made  up  of  benzene,  toluene,  and  higher  homo- 
logues,  with  phenol,  cresol,  naphthalene,  etc. 

Fischer's  Operation.  See  Operations,  Table  of .  F.'s 
Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Fisetin  (  fi-se'-tin).     Same  as  Fustin. 

Fish  [ME.,fisch~\.  A  vertebrate  with  gills  and  tins,  in- 
habiting  the  water.  F.  -berry.  See  Cocculus  indicus. 
F. -gelatin.  See  Glne  and  Isinglass.  F. -roe  Bodies. 
See  Fungus  Foot.     F.-skin  Disease.     See  Ichthyosis. 

Fisher's  Brain-murmur.  See  Signs  and  Symptoms, 
Table  of.  F.'s  Train-murmur.  See  Signs  and 
Symptoms,  Table  of. 

Fissate  (fis'-dt)  \_fissns;  findere,  to  cleave].  In  bi- 
ology, applied  to  antennae  or  other  structures  having 
the  terminal  portion  divided  or  split  into  two  parts. 

Fissile  {fis'-it)  [findere,  to  split].  That  which  may 
be  split  or  cleft.  In  biology,  formed  of  plates  or 
scales  closely  placed  together. 

Fission  (fishf-un)  [fissus  ;  findere,  to  cleave].  In  bi- 
ology, spontaneous  self-division  of  unicellular  organ- 
isms or  histologic  cells,  as  a  process  of  multiplication. 

Fissipalmation  (fis-ip-al-ma'-shun)  [fissus;  findere, 
to  cleave;  palma,  palm].  In  biology,  applied  to  ani- 
mals having  the  toes  incompletely  webbed. 

Fissipara  (fisip/-ar-ah)  [fissus;  findere,  to  cleave  ; 
pants,  produce].  In  biology,  applied  in  a  general 
way  to  all  organisms  that  multiply  by  spontaneous 
self-division. 

Fissiparation  (fis-ip-ar-a' '-shun)  [  findere,  to  split ; 
parere,  to  produce].    A  form  of  cell-division.    See  Cell. 

Fissiparous  (fis-ip'-ar-us)  [findere,  to  split;  parere, 
to  produce].  Propagating  by  fission  ;  applied  to  uni- 
cellular organisms  or  histologic  cells  that  undergo  spon- 
taneous self-division  in  the  process  of  multiplication. 
See  Fission. 

Fissural  Integer  (fish'-fir-al  in'-te-jer).    See  Integer. 

Fissuration  ( fisk-ur-a'-shun)  [  findere,  to  split].  Same 
as  Fission.  Also  applied  to  the  arrangement  of  the 
fissures  of  various  organs,  such  as  the  brain. 


Fissure  (fish'-Hr)  [fissura  ;  findere,  to  cleave].  \ 
groove  or  cleft  A  term  applied  to  the  clefts  <>r 
grooves  in  various  organs.  F.,  Abdominal,  a  sepa 
ration  of  the  recti  muscles  of  the  abdomen,  either 
above  and  below  the  umbilii  us,  >*r  both.  F.,  Ac- 
cessory, the  inferior  end  of  the  cartilaginous  por- 
tion of  the  Eustachian  tube.  F.,  Adoccipital 
Wilder),  an  inconstant  cerebral  fissure,  extending 
across  the  caudal  portion  of  the  precuneu-.  and 
forming  an  acute  angle  with  the  occipital  lis^ure.  F., 
Ammon's,  during  the  early  fetal  period,  a  pyriform 
fissure  in  the  lower  portion  of  the  sclerotic  coat  of 
the  eye.  F.,  Amygdaline  [of  Wilder),  a  cerebral  fis- 
sure on  the  mesal  aspect  of  the  tip  of  the  temporal  li 
it  may  be  identical  with  the  basirrhinal  fissure  ol  <  )wen  ; 
it  is  collocated  with  the  amygdala.  F.,  Anal.  See 
F.  of  the  Anns.  F.,  Anterior  (of  Burdach),  a  cere- 
bral fissure,  probably  the  presylvian.  F.,  Anterior 
(of  spinal  cord).  See  F.,  Anterior  Median  (of  spin, il 
cord).  F.,  Anterior  Lateral  (of  spinal  cord),  a 
groove  on  the  ventro-lateral  aspect  of  the  spinal  cord. 
F.,    Anterior    Median    (of  medulla    obi  .    the 

continuation  of  the  ventral  fissure  of  the  cord  into  the 
oblongata,  where  it  terminates  at  the  pons  in  the 
foramen  cecum.  F.,  Anterior  Median  (of  spinal 
cord),  a  deep  longitudinal  groove  in  the  median  line 
of  the  ventral  aspect  of  the  spinal  cord.  F.,  Antero- 
lateral, a  slightly  marked  depression  along  the  ventro- 
lateral column  of  the  spinal  cord,  separating  the  latter 
into  the  ventral  and  lateral  columns.  F.,  Antero- 
median. See  F. ,  Anterior  Median  (of  spinal  cord). 
F.,  Antero-parietal.  See  F. ,  Precentral.  F.,  Anti- 
tragohelicine,  a  fissure  between  the  helix  and  the 
antitragus  of  the  external  ear.  F.,  Antorbital  (of 
Owen),  a  transverse  fissure  on  the  orbital  surface  of 
the  frontal  lobe  of  the  brain  near  its  cephalic  margin. 
F.  of  the  Anus,  a  linear  ulcer  at  the  muco-cutaneous 
junction  of  the  anus,  giving  rise  to  intense  suffering  on 
defecation.  F.,  Ape,  I.  The  dorsal  extension  of  an 
unusually  deep  occipital  fissure.  2.  An  independent 
fissure  on  the  lateral  aspect  of  the  cerebrum,  between 
the  occipital  and  temporal  regions  (the  exoccipital fis- 
sure of  Wilder).  F.,  Auricular,  an  opening  situated 
between  the  vaginal  and  mastoid  processes  of  the 
petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  through  which 
passes  the  auricular  branch  of  the  pneumogastric 
nerve.  F. ,  Basirrhinal  (of  Owen),  a  short  fissure 
near  the  tip  of  the  temporal  lobe  of  the  brain.  F., 
Basisylvian  (of  Wilder),  the  stem  of  the  Sylvian  fis- 
sure on  the  ventral  aspect  of  the  cerebrum.  F.  of 
Bichat.  See  F. , Cerebral,  Transverse.  F.,  Branchial, 
any  one  of  the  visceral  clefts.  F.  of  Broca.  See  F. , 
Limbic.  F.,  Burdach's.  See  F.,  Anterior,  and 
F.,  Superior.  F.  of  Calamus  scriptorius,  the  ter- 
mination of  the  mesal  fissure  of  the  fourth  ventricle 
at  the  apex  of  the  calamus.  F.,  Calcarine,  a  fissure 
on  the  mesal  aspect  of  the  cerebrum,  extending  from 
near  the  occipital  end  and  joining  the  occipital  fissure  ; 
it  is  collocated  with  the  calcaf  or  hippocampus  minor. 
F.,  Callosal  (of  Owen),  the  space  between  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  callosum  and  the  overhanging  cortex. 
F.,  Calloso-marginal,  one  on  the  mesal  surface 
of  the  cerebral  hemisphere,  dividing  the  area  between 
the  callosum  and  the  margin  into  nearlv  equal  parts  ; 
opposite  to  the  splenium  it  turns  in  a  dorsal  direction. 
F.,  Central,  a  deep  and  constant  fissure  extending 
from  the  dorsal  margin  in  a  ventro-cephalic  direction, 
at  an  angle  of  about  670  with  the  meson  :  it  crosses 
the  lateral  aspect  of  the  cerebrum  at  about  the  middle 
of  its  length  ;  the  fissure  of  Rolando.  F.,  Cephalic, 
in  Schizonemertines,  a  longitudinal  fissure  on  each  side 
of  the  head.     F.,  Cerebral,  Great.    See  F. ,  Cerebral, 


RE 


•17  1 


FISSl  RE 


F ..  Cerebral,  Inferior. 
F  .  Cerebral,  Small. 
F     Cerebral,  T: 
verse  1    .  Cervical, 

.  produced  by 
1- . ,  Chor. 
F     Circuminsular 

the  insula. 
P.  of  CK  F., 

Collateral 

F., 
I  inferior,  in    I  hi  de- 

Intro- 
F  .  Collati  ral,  Superior,  in 
i 
m  man.     F., 
Const. i:-.t 

i  or  gri  nip. 
nine, 
r<  uminsular,   olfai 

J,  orbital, 
tal,  supertem 
!•'  .  Coronal  tin-  lati 

ntal  portion  ol  the 

F  .  Cruciate,  in  nearly  all  the 

i. nl.   and  forming, 

:i  the  intercerebral 

Dentate.     -  .pa/.    F., 

Dorsal,  median    fissure 

F.  of  the   Ductus  venosus,  a 

the  du<  ins  venosus. 

•  in  the  adult       F.  ol   Ecker.      See   /. , 

F..  Ectoccipital  .l.an 

ir  tin:  tip  of  the  oi  i  ipital 

P.,   Ectofrontal  «),  a 

with  the   anterior 

;•'..   Ectorrhinal   (of  Owen),   a 

tory  eras. 

ctosylvian  rnivora,  the  firsl  or 

P.,  Ectotentorial 

ipital 
P.,  Endomesognathica,  an  occasional  fissure 

ithion  and 

F.,  Entoccipital  .  an  illy- 

F.,  Entolamb- 

doid.  F.,    Entorbital    (of 

■ .  the  olfactoi 
F      Kntorrhinal 
I        Entotentonal.     See    F.,  rial. 

F      K j- :  sylvian  ostanl    dorsal 

F.,    Ethmoid,    the 
P.,  Exoccipital 
P.,  Falcial 

the    fnmtal   lobe, 
ctal.  Ocular,  in  ore  in 

■ 

1    .   Fimbrial,  a  small  and 
• 
I       Frontal  .  •  ntral  and 

P.,   Frontal,  First. 
Frontal,    Inferior, 
Frontal,  Superior,   the 
F      1  i  ntal     Vertical.     & 
i      Pronto-marginal,   an 

P.  for  the 
Gall-bladder.  .  ,llr 

'  '  tnoda 

of  Glaser. 
P.  of  Glaserius.  a   small  n  the 

■  the 
lis  el  the 


malleus,  and  transmits  the  laxator  tympani  muscle 
and  the  anterior  tympanic  artery.  F.,  Glenoid.  See 
F.,  Hippocampal,  a  constant  fissure 
ot  the  cerebrum  extending  from  the  splenium  to  near 
the  tip  oi  the  temporal  lobe;  it  is  collocated  with  the 
hippocamp.  F.,  Horizontal.  See  F.,  Calcarine.  F., 
Horizontal,  Great  [of  bnun).  See/.,  Calcarine.  F., 
Hyposylvian  (oj  II  ildt  >  i.  an  inconstant  ventral  branch 
ot  the  fissure  of  Sylvius.  F.,  Incisor,  a  fissure  separal 
ingthe  intermaxillary  bone  from  the  superior  maxillae. 
F  ,  Infero-lateral.  See  /•".,  Calcarine.  F.,  In- 
flected, an  inconstant  indentation  of  the  dorsal  margin 
>.t  the  cerebrum,  a  little  cephalad  of  the  central 
fissure.  F.,  Infra-orbital.  See  F.,  Suborbital, 
and  /•'. ,  Spheno-maxillary .  F.,  Insular  [of  Wilder), 
one  ol  the  fissures  crossing  the  insula.  F.,  Intra- 
gyral  [oj  Wilde r) ,  a  small  cerebral  fissure  occasion 
ally  developed  between  the  larger  fissures.  F., 
Intra-orbital,  in  the  dog's  brain,  a  fissure  between 
the  olfactorj  l>ull>  and  the  supraorbital  fissure.  F., 
Intraparietal.  See  /■ .,  Parietal.  F.,  Intrapara- 
central  [of  Wilder),  a  nearly  constant  depression 
in  the  paracentral  gyrus.  F.,  Intercerebral  (of 
Wilder),  the  great  longitudinal  fissure  of  the  brain. 
F.,  Intergyral  (of  Wilder),  &  fissure  between  two 
cerebral  gyri.  F.,  Interhemispheral.  See  /'. , 
Longitudinal,  Great  (of  brain).  F.,  Interhemis- 
pheric.  See  F. ,  Longitudinal,  Great  (of  brain).  F., 
Interlamellai,  one  of  the  fissures  separating  the  la- 
mellseof  the  cerebellum.  F.,  Interlobar  (of  Wilder), 
the  fissures  of  the  brain  separating  the  lobes.  F., 
Interlobular,  the  great  longitudinal  fissure  of  the 
cerebrum.  F.,  Interlobular,  Great.  See  /•'.  of 
■  ins.  F.,  Intermedial  (of  Jensen),  an  inconstant 
fissure  near  the  end  of  the  fissure  of  Sylvius.  F., 
Interpalpebral.  See  F.,  Palpebral.  F.  Interparie- 
tal. See  F.,  Parietal.  F.,  Interpeduncular,  the 
depression  between  the  crura  cerebri.      F.,  of  Jensen. 

F.,  Intermedial.  F.,  Lambdoid.  I  (of  Owen), 
the  occipital  fissure,  q.  v.  ;  2  (of  Wilder),  in  the 
fetus,  between  the  third  and  seventh  months,  a  sharply 
defined  transverse  depression  in  the  occipital  lobe, 
collocated  with  the  lambdoid  suture.  F.,  Lateral,  a 
straight  fissure  between  the  suprasylvian  and  the 
longitudinal  fissures.  F.,  Lateral  (of  Owen),  an 
inconstant  fissure  on  the  mesal  surface  of  the  frontal 
lobe.  F.,  Lateral  (of  spina/  cord).  See  /•'. , 
Antero-lateral.  F.,  Lateral,  Posterior  (of  spinal 
<■<<;;/>       See     /■'. ,   Postero-lateral.      F.,    Limbic    (of 

a),  the  fissure  surrounding  Broca's  great  limbii 
lobe  [t  includes  the  supercallosal,  precuneal ,  and  part 
of  the  collateral  fissures.  F.,  Longitudinal  (of  brain). 
Sec  /  ,  /  ongitudinal, Great  (of  brain).  F.,  Longitu- 
dinal (  of  liver),  a  deep  fissure  on  the  under  surface  of  the 
liver,  separating  the  right  and  left  lobes.  F.,  Longi- 
tudinal, Great  (of  brain),  the  deep  mesal  fissure  that 
divides  the  cerebrum  into  two  hemispheres.  F., 
Longitudinal,  Medilateral.  See  F.,  Intercerebral. 
F.,  Longitudinal,  Posterior  (of  spinal  cord  ),  a  deep, 
narrow  groove,  extending  the  whole  length  of  the 
spinal  cord,  in  the  middle  line  posteriorly.  F., 
Longitudinal,  Superior.  See  F. ,  Intercerebral.  F., 
Marginal  |  ,  a  fissure  on  the  mesal  surface  of 

the  cerebrum,  forming  the  cephalic  boundary  ol  the 
paracentral  convolutions.  F.,  Maxillary,  a  fissure  on 
the  internal  surface  of  the  superior  maxilla  for  the 
maxilla!  i  r>     palate    bone.      It   extends 

obliquely  downward  and  forward  from  the  lower  por 
tion  of  the  orifice  of  the  antrum.     F.,  Medial,  a  lis 
sun    parallel  with  and  posterior  to  the  fissure  of   Ro- 
lando.    F.,  Median,  Posterior  {of  spina!  rorJ).     See 
/..  Lon  itudinal,  Posterior  (of  spinal  cord).     F.,Me- 


FISSURE 


475 


I  [SS  IRE 


difrontal  (of  Owen),  an  inconstant  fissure,  subdividing 
the  medifrontal  convolutions.     F.,  Meditemporal 
Wilder)^  inconstant  and  irregular  fissures,  ventrad  of 

the  superteniporal  fissure.  F.,  Meso-exognathic, 
an  occasional  fissure  in  the  superior  maxilla  between 
the  exognathion  and  mesognathion.  F.,  Midfrontal. 
See  /.,  Medifrontal.  F.,  Midoccipital.  See  /•'.  - 
Orbital.  F.,  Midorbital.  See  F.,  Orbital.  F.- 
needle,  a  spiral  needle  for  bringing  together  the  lips 
of  a  wound.  F.  of  Nipple,  a  lunar  ulceration  radi- 
ating from  the  nipple  during  lactation.  It  results  from 
improper  care  of  the  breast.  F.,  Occalcarine 
Wilder),  the  common  stem  of  which  the  occipital  and 
calcarine  fissures  are  branches.  F.,  Occipital.  I  (of 
Owen),  the  mid-occipital  fissure,  an  illy-defined,  incon 
stant  fissure  on  the  dorso-caudal  slope  of  the  occipital 
lobe;  2  (of  FanscA),  a  deep  and  constant  fissure, 
situated  between  the  parietal  and  occipital  lobesof  the 
brain  ;  the  occipito-parietal.  F.,  Occipital,  Anterior 
(of  Sckwalbe),  a  fissure  between  the  occipito-temporal 
and  the  inferior  temporo  sphenoidal  lobes  of  the  brain. 
F.,  Occipital,  External.  See  F.,  A[>e.  F.,  Oc- 
cipital, Inferior  (of  CI  >•),  a  small  fissure  between 
the  second  and  third  occipital  convolutions.  F., 
Occipital,  Transverse  (of  Ecker),  a  transverse  fissure 
on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  occipital  lobe  of  the  brain  ; 
it  is  part  of  the  paroccipital  fissure.  F.,  Oc- 
cipito-parietal. See  F.,  Occipital.  F.,  Occipito- 
temporal. See  F. ,  Collateral.  F.,  Olfactory,  a  de- 
pression on  the  ventral  aspect  of  the  frontal  lobe, 
judging  the  olfactory  bulb  and  cms.  F.,  Orbital,  a 
fissure  on  the  orbital  surface  of  the  frontal  lobe  exter- 
nal to  the  olfactory  fissure.  F.,  Orbital,  Anterior. 
See  F,  Spkeno-maxillary.  F.,  Orbital,  Posterior. 
See  F.,  Sphenoid.  F.,  Orbito-frontal,  a  partial  fis- 
sure on  the  lateral  aspect  of  the  brain,  separating  the 
super-frontal  and  orbital  convolutions.  F.  of  Owen. 
See  Fissures,  Antorbital,  Basirrhinal,  Callosal,  Coronal, 
Ectoccipital,  Ectofrontal,  Octorrhinal,  Ectosylvian,  Ecto- 
tentorial,  Entoccipital,  Entorbital,  Falcial,  Frontal, 
Lambdoid,  Marginal,  Medifrontal,  Occipital,  Post- 
frontal,  Posthippocampal,  Postoccipital,  Postorbital, 
Postseptal,  Postsylvian,  Rhinal,  Septal,  Sub  falcial, 
Subsylvian,  Supercallosal,  Supersylvian.  F.,  Pal- 
pjbral,  the  space  between  the  eyelids  extending 
from  the  outer  to  the  inner  canthus.  F.  of  Pansch. 
See  F. ,  Occipital.  F.  of  Pansch  and  Dalton.  See 
F. ,  Parietal.  F.,  Paracentral  (of  Wilder),  a.  fissure 
on  themesal  surface  of  the  cerebrum,  surrounding  the 
paracentral  lobule.  F.,  Parallel.  See  F,  Super- 
temporal.  F.,  Parietal.  I  (of  Wilder),  the  parietal 
portion  of  the  intraparietal  fissure ;  2  (of  Pansch 
and  Dalton) ,  a  fissure  between  the  parietal  lobules, 
beginning  near  the  ventral  end  of  the  central  fissure, 
and  running  to  near  the  tip  of  the  occipital  lobe; 
it  includes  the  parietal  and  paroccipital  fissures.  F., 
Parieto-occipital.  See  F,  Occipital.  F.,  Parieto- 
occipital, External,  the  lateral  portion  of  the  occipital 
fissure.  F.,  Paroccipital  (of  Wilder),  the  occipital 
portion  of  the  intraparietal  fissure.  F.,  Peri- 
toneal, a  fissure  of  the  lateral  mesoblastic  plates 
of  the  embryo,  constituting  the  rudiment  of  the  great 
visceral  cavity.  F.,  Perpendicular,  External.  See 
F. ,  Parieto-occipital,  External  and  F,  Ape.  F.,  Per- 
pendicular, Internal,  the  portion  of  the  occipital  fis- 
sure on  the  mesal  surface  of  the  hemisphere.  F.,  Petro- 
squamosal,  or  Petro-squamous,  a  small  fissure  be- 
tween the  petrosa  and  internal  surface  of  the  squamosa. 
F.,  Petro-tympanic,  a  tissure  in  the  tympanic  ring, 
lodging  the  long  process  of  the  malleus.  F., 
Petroso-angular,  a  fissure  between  the  apex  of  the 
pyramidal  portion  of  the  petrosa  and   the  great  wing 


of  the  sphenoid.  F.,  Petro-basilar,  a  ti-sure  be- 
tween tl;  i  and  tie-  sphenoid  and  occiput,  join- 
ing the  middle  lacerated  and  jugular  foramina. 
F. -plane,  a  term  employed  to  designate  tin-  entire 
length  and  depth  of  a  fissure  of  the  brain.  F., 
Pomatic  (of  Wilder), in  monkeys,  a  fissure  crossing 
the  cerebrum  opposite  the  dorsal  end  of  the  occipital 
fissure;  it  forms  the  margin  of  the  poma  or  oc- 
cipital open  ulum.  F.,  Portal.  See  /.,  Transverse 
(of  liver).  F.,  Postcalcarine  (of  Wilder),  an  in< 
slant  vertical  fissure  at  the  occipital  end  of  the  cere- 
brum. F.,  Postcentral,  a  fissure  just  posterior  and 
parallel  to  the  central  fissure.  F.,  Postero-inter- 
mediary,  a  slight  depression  in  tie-  dorsal  portion  of 
the  cervi  n  of  the  spinal  cord.  F.,  Postero- 
lateral, a  groove  on  the  posterior  portion  of  the 
of  the  spinal  cord.,  corresponding  to  the  line  of 
emergence  of  the  posterior  roots  of  the  spinal  nerves. 
F.,  Postero-median  (of  spinal  curd).  See  /-., 
Median,  /'■■  terior  (of  spinal  cord).     F.,  Postfrontal 

i  ',-.•  n  i ,  the  frontal  fissure.    F.,  Posthippocampal 
(of  Owen).      See   /  .  Calcarine.     F.,  Postoccipital 

Owen),  an  inconstant  vertical  fissure  forming  the 
anterior  boundary  of  the  superior  occipital  convolu- 
tion. F.,  Postorbital  'en),  a  portion  of  the 
orbital  fissure.  F.,  Postparoccipital  (of  Wild 
an  inconstant  fissure  in  the  occipital  portion  of  the  par- 
occipital gyrus.  F.,  Postseptal  (of  Owen),  a 
small  vertical  fissure  on  the  mesal  surface  of  the 
posterior  portion  of  the  occipital  lobe  F.,  Post- 
sylvian (of  Owen),  the  superteniporal  or  parallel 
fissure.  F.,  Precentral,  a  fissure  running  parallel 
with  the  ventral  portion  of  the  central  fissure.  F., 
Precuneal,  a  right-angled  fissure  in  the  precuneus. 
F.,  Preoccipital,  a  fissure  on  the  ventral  aspect  of 
the  brain,  separating  the  occipital  and  temporal  lobes. 
F.,  Preorbital,  the  antorbital  fissure.  F.,  Preparoc- 
cipital  (of  Wilder),  a  fissure  in  the  parietal  portion 
of  the  paroccipital  gyrus.  F.,  Presylvian  (of 
Wilder),  the  anterior  branch  of  the  fissure  of  Sylvius. 
F.,  Pterygoid,  the  space  between  the  lower  end;,  of 
the  pterygoid  plates  of  the  ethmoid.  F.,  Pterygo- 
maxillary,  a  vertical  fissure  in  the  zygomatic  fos~a, 
opening  above  into  the  spheno-maxillary  fossa.  F., 
Pterygopalatine.  -See  F. ,  Pterygoid.  F.,  Purse- 
like (of  Keil),  the  vallicula,  q.  v.  F.  of  Reil.  S 
F. ,  Purse-like.  F.,  Reticular.  See  F. .  Postcentral. 
F.,  Rhinal  (of  Owen),  the  fissure  separating  the  ol- 
factory bulb  and  crus  from  the  cerebrum  proper.  F. 
of  Rolando.  See  F,  Central.  ¥.,  Rostral, 
in  i  'ngulates,  a  fissure  on  the  mesal  aspect  of 
the  cerebrum.  F.,  Sagittal.  See  F. ,  Inter- 
cerebral.  F.  of  Santorini,  two  transverse  fissures 
in  the  cartilaginous  auditory  meatus.  F.  of 
Schwalbe.  See  /'. ,  Occipital,  Anterior,  and  P.,  Su~ 
percentral.  F.,  Semilunar.  See  F. ,  Calcarine.  F., 
Septal  (of  Oven),  an  inconstant  fissure  in  the  cuneus, 
posterior  to  the  calcarine.  F.,  Sphenoid,  a  tri- 
angular fissure  between  the  greater  and  lesser  win^s 
of  the  sphenoid  bone.  It  transmits  the  third, 
fourth,  sixth,  and  ophthalmic  division  of  the  fifth, 
cranial  nerves,  and  the  ophthalmic  vein.  F.,  Spheno- 
maxillary, a  fissure  between  the  orbital  plate  of  the 
sphenoid  and  the  lateral  margin  of  the  superior 
maxilla.  F.,  Splenial,  a  fissure  in  the  brain  of  the 
dog  near  the  splenius.  F.,  Subcentral  (of  Wilder), 
an  inconstant  fissure  at  the  ventral  end  of  the  post- 
central fissure.  F.,  Subfalcial  i  f  Owen),  a  small 
fissure  on  the  mesal  surface  of  the  frontal  lobe.  F., 
Subfrontal,  a  fissure  between  the  middle  and  inferior 
frontal  convolutions.  F.,  Suboccipital,  an  incon- 
stant fissure  in  the  occipital  convolution  of  the  brain. 


[R\: 


176 


F     Suborbital.  r  maxi1 

it.     It  is  Ihe  upper 

1      Subscptal, 

and  the 

F.,Su       '•  ■  ian.    i  ■  •'" 

:itiU. 
nch  ol 

1-  .  Subtemporal,  -taut 

1-'.,  Superi  n  ;hc 

iula  and 

1-  ,  Supercallosal. 

iSO  mar- 


MESAL  ASPECT 


rculum.      2.  Subcentral 
urei  epbalad 


lloso  marginal 
F.,  Supercentral 
paral'  ■  1< >r-:il  portion  of  the 

!•      Superfrontal,  a  I  m   the 

u"   the 
P.,  Superoccipital,  an 

brain.        F., 
Superscptal  trail  el 

P.,   Supersylvian 
I 
brum.       F.,   Super- 
with  Id 
Suprasylvian. 

and 

F.,  Sylvian. 
Temporal,  I-   i    I 


|  oral, 


FIST1  LA 

/,-,//-  F.,  Temporal,  Inferior.     See-r7.,  Subtem- 

F.,  Temporo-occipital.     See  F.,  Collateral. 
P.,   Temporosphenoidal,   a  name  applied   to    both 
the    supertemporal    and    subtemporal    fissures.      F., 
Temporosphenoidal,  Superior.      See  F.,  Supertem- 
F.,  Tentorial.    See  F.  .  <  'ollateral.    F., Trans- 
verse '■').  the   transverse    fissure    separating 
the   anterior  from  the  posterioi   and  middle   portions 
of  the  brain.      It  transmits  the  folds  ol   pia  that  form 
the  choroid  plexus.     F.,  Transverse  (of  cerebellum). 
Horizontal  (of  cerebellum).     F.,  Transverse 
,  K  a  fissui  ing  transversely  the  lower  sur- 
face 0f   the   right  lobe  of  tin- liver,      ft  transmits  the 
portal  vein,  hepatic  artery  and  nerves,  and  hepatic  duct. 
F.,  Transverse,  Great  (of  brain).     See  /•'.,  Trans- 
brain).     F.,  Transverse,  Inferior,  a  fissure 
veea  the  cerebellum  and  the  oblongata.    It  transmits 
Id  of  the  pia  to  the  fourth  ventricle.     F.,  Trans- 
verse, Superior.    See/-.,  Transverse  (of  brain).    F., 
Transinsular  (of  Wilder),  tilt  deepest  of  the  fissures 
crossing  the  insula.      F.,  Transtemporal,  one  of  the 
instant  short   fissures  on  the   lateral  surface  of  the 
temporal  lobe.    F.,  Tnradiate.    See F., Orbital.     F., 
Umbilical,  the   anterior   portion   of    the   longitudinal 
fissure  of  the  liver,  separating  the  left   and  quadrate 
lobes.       F.,   Uncinate.       See     /•'.,  Collateral.        F., 
Ventral.     See  F.,  Median,  Anterior  (of  spinal  cord). 
F.,  Wernicke's,  an   inconstant  vertical  fissure  on  the 
lateral   surface  of  the  cerebrum   midway  between  the 
end  of  the  fissure  of  Sylvius  and  the  caudal  end  of  the 
cerebrum;    the  exoccipital    fissure.     F.   of  Wilder. 
See    Fissure.     Id,    cipital,  Amygdaline,    Basisylvian, 
Circuminsular,  Constant,  Episylvian,  Exoccipital,  In- 
tercerebral,  Insular.  Interlobar,  Intergyral,  Intragyral, 
Intraparacentral,    Lambdoid,    Meditemporal,    Para- 
central,   Paroccipital,    Pomatic,    Postcalcarine,    P    ' 
paroccipital,  Preparoccipital,   Presylvian,    Subcentral, 
Subsylvian,  Supercallosal,  Transinsular,  Zygal.     F., 
Zygal  (of  Wilder),  any  fissure  that  presents  a  pair  of 
branches  at  either  end  of  a  connecting  bar.     F.,  Zygo- 
matico-sphenoid,  a  space  between  the  orbital  surface 
of   the    great    wing  of   the  sphenoid    and    the    malar 
bone. 
Fissured  (  fisk'-ilrd)  [/isst/s ;  findere,Xo  cleave].  Cleft ; 

split. 
Fist  [NIK,  A  /.  the  h-t].     i.  The  firmly-closed  hand.     2. 

Same  as  B  ovist  a. 
Fistula  (fis'-tu-lah)    [I...  a  "pipe  "].      An  abnormal, 
tube-like  passage   in  the  body.     F.,  Aerial,  a  small 
opening  in  the  neck  communicating  with  the  larynx, 
following  imperfect  closure  of  incised  wounds  of  the 
throat.       The   voice  is  defective  in  consequence.      F., 
Anal,  an  abnormal  channel  of  communication  between 
the  bowel  and  the  surface  in  the  neighborhood  of  the 
amis.       F..  Biliary,  an    abnormal   channel  of  com 
munication    with  a    biliary  duel   or  the    gall  Madder. 
F.,  Blind,  a  variety  of  anal,  urinary,  or  other  abnor 
mal  tract  with  buf  one  opening.     F.,  Blind,  External, 
an  anal  fistula  with  but  one  opening,  and  that  external. 
F.,  Blind,  Internal,  an  anal  fissure  with  but  one  opt  n 
ing, and  that  internal.     F.,  Blind, Urinary,  asuppural 
ing  track  opening  into  the  urethra,  but  without  external 

ning.     F..  Branchial,  an  opening  that    exfc 
from   the  su  I    the  neck   to  the     pharynx  ;    it  is 

an   unclosed  branchial  cleft,  a  relic  ol   fetal  life.     F., 
Complete,  one  having  two  openings,  an  internal  and 
ternal.     F.,  Fecal,  an  abdominal  fistula,  communi- 
ting  with   the   inti  F.,  Gastric,  an  opening 

into  th  ch,  generally  artificial,  through  the  ab- 

dominal wall.      ft  i  timi      used    for   feeding  a 

patient  who  cannot  swallow.      F.,  Horseshoe,  a  vari 
ol   fistula  in  ano,  the  external  opening   being  on 


FISTULAR 


477 


1  I  ASK 


one  side  of  the  anus  and  the  internal  opening  on  the 
other.  F.  in  Ano.  See  F. ,  Anal.  F.,  Incomplete, 
one  with  a  single  opening.  F.,  Mammary,  or  Milk, 
a  fistula  of  the  mamma  or  of  its  ducts.  In  F.  recto- 
labial,  recto-urethral,  recto-vaginal,  and  recto- 
vesical, the  gut  communicates  by  a  fistulous  track 
with  thi-  labia  majora,  the  urethra,  the  vagina,  or 
the  bladder,  respectively.  F.,  Thiry's,  an  artificial 
intestinal  fistula  made  by  dividing  the  intestine  in  two 
places  ;  the  loop  so  cut  out  is  still  supplied  with  blood 
and  nerves  from  its  mesentery  ;  it  is  emptied  of  its  con- 
tents, and  one  end  is  closed  by  sutures,  while  the  other 
is  stitched  to  the  abdominal  wound,  and  the  intestinal 
juice  is  thus  collected.  F.,  True,  one  that  discharges 
the  secretion  of  an  organ.  F.,  Vella's,  is  the  same  as 
Thiry's,  except  that  both  ends  of  the  loop  are  left 
free  and  are  sutured  to  the  wound  in  the  abdomen. 
F.,  Vesical,  a  fistula  of  the  urinary  bladder. 

Fistular,  Fistulate  (fls/-tu-lar,  -/at)  [fistula,  a  tube]. 
Fistulous  ;  of  the  form  or  nature  of  a  fistula. 

Fistulatome  (fis/ -tu-lat-om)  [fistula,  a  fistula;  re/iveiv, 
to  cut].  A  cutting-instrument  used  in  the  operative 
treatment  of  fistula. 

Fistulous  (fis'-tu-lits)  [fistula,  a  tube].  Of  the  nature 
of  or  affected  with  a  fistula. 

Fit  [ME.,  fit,  a  struggle].  A  popular  name  applied  to 
any  sudden  paroxysm  of  a  disease,  but  especially  to 
one  of  epilepsy.   F.,  Nine-days',  Tetanus  neonatorum. 

Fivefinger    (ftv-fing' -er).      I.    The    plant    Potentilla 
canadensis    (see  Potentilla).     2.   Aiupelopsis  quinque- 
lia  (see  American  Ivy). 

Fixation  {fiks-a'  -sliun)  [fixus,  fixed].  A  making  firm 
or  rigid.  F.,  Field  of,  in  optics,  the  region  bounded 
by  the  utmost  limits  of  distinct  or  central  vision,  and 
which  the  eye  has  under  its  direct  control  through  its 
excursions,  without  movements  "t  the  head.  F. -for- 
ceps, those  used  for  fixing  or  holding  a  part  in  posi- 
tion during  a  surgical  operation. 

Fixator  (fiks-a' -tor)  [L.j.  A  term  applied  to  a  muscle 
that  holds  a  part  immovable,  as  the  diaphragm. 

Fixature  (  fiks'-at-ur).     See  Bandolm. 

Fixed   (fikst)    [fixus,  firm].      Firm;    immovable.      F. 
Idea,  a  morbid  belief,  opinion,  or   conception,  enter- 
tained constantly  by  certain  insane  patients,  and  more 
or  less  permanently  dominating  the  entire  mind.      F 
Oils.      See  O/eafixa. 

Fixi  dentes  (fiks' ' -i  den'-tez)  [L.].  The  teeth  of  the 
second  dentition. 

Fixing  (fiks'-ing)  [  fixus,  fixed].  The  first  stage  in 
the  preparation  of  tissues  for  histologic  or  pathologic 
examination.  The  chief  fixing  agents  are — corrosive 
sublimate,  nitric  acid,  alcohol,  osmic  acid,  Flemming's 
solution,  Fol's  solution,  Midler's  solution,  picric  acid, 
picro-sulphuric  acid,  acetate  of  copper.  See  Stains, 
Table  of. 

Fixurae  (fiks-u'-re)  [fixura,  fixure].  In  biology,  the 
fibrils  by  which  lichens  and  many  other  thallophytes 
attach  themselves  to  their  substratum. 

Flabby  (  flab'-e)  [E.  dial.].  Lax  or  flaccid  ;  deficient 
in  firmness. 

Flabellarium  (flab-el-a'-re-um)  [flabellum,  a  fan].  A 
vibraculum;  a  whip-like  process  ol  a  polyzoan. 

Flabellate  {  fiab-eF-dt)  [flabellum,  a  fan].  In  biology, 
fan-shaped  ;   applied  to  leaves,  antenna',  etc. 

Flabellation  (  flab-el-a' '-shun)  [flabellare,  to  fan].  In 
surgery,  the  act  of  keeping  a  wound  or  fracture  cool 
by  fanning. 

Flabelliform  (flab-el' -if-orm).      Same  as  Flabellate. 

Flabellinerved  (flab-el' -in-urvd)  [flabellum,  fan; 
nervus,  a  nerve].  Tn  biology,  applied  to  leaves, 
such  as  those  of  the  Gingko  tree,  with  veins  or  nerves 
radiating  from  a  common  point. 


Flabellum  (flab-el'  ww*)[L.,fan].  The  set  of  white  fibers 
radiating  from  tin-  stria  lerminalis  of  the  cerebrum 
into  the  triatum.     See  also  Epipodite. 

Flaccid    (flak'-sid)    [flaccidus,  jlaccus,   flaccid]. 
Flabby. 

Flaccidezza  (flak-che-det'-sah)  [Ital.  for  flaccidity]. 
>ame  as  Flat  herie. 

Flaccidity  (flak-sid'-it-e)  [  flaccidus,  flaccus,  flaccid]. 
Flabbiness  ;   lack  of  normal  reaction  or  firmness. 

Flacherie,  or  Flachery  { flash' -er-e)  [Fr.].     A  disease 
attacking  silk-worms    whose    digestive    apparatu 
weakened    by    disease    or  heredity.      It  i-  .-aid  to  be 
caused   by    a    bacterium,   Micrococcus  bombycis. 
Micrococcus    bombycis  and  Bacillus    .1    of    Ilofmann, 
under  Bacteria,  Synonymatic  Table  of. 

Flag    [ME. ,  fla  One    of    various    endogenous 

plants  with  ensiform  leaves.  In  biology,  a  flagellum ; 
a  part  ol  the  reproductive  apparatus  of  certain  gaster- 
opods  illeli  ecting  from  the  vas  deferens.     F., 

Blue.     See  Iris.     F.,  Sweet.  rus. 

Flagellate  {flaj'-el-dt)  [flagellum,  a  whip].  In  biol- 
ogy, furnished  with  slender,  whip-liki  -es. 

Flagellation  ( [flaj-el-a' -shun)  [flagellare,  to  whip].  1. 
One  of  the  many  means  used  for  the  purpose  of 
masochistic  gratification  in  the  sense  of  subjection  to 
the  woman  ;  the  lustful  fi  eling  arising  from  a  mechan- 
ical irritation  of  the  genito-spinal  center.  2.  Flogging, 
formerly  used  as  a  local  stimulant  and  counter  irritant. 
and  once  employed  in  the  control  of  the  insane 
latterly  it  has  been  recommended  as  a  check  for  post 
pat  turn  hemorrhage.      See  Percussion. 

Flagelliform  (flaj-el' '-if-orni)  [flagellum,  a  whip; 
forma,  form.]  Having  the  form  of  a  flagellum  or 
whip-lash. 

Flagellula  (flaj-el' -u-lah)  [dim.  of  flagellum,  a  whip]. 
A  flagellate  spore  ;   a  zoospore. 

Flagellum  (flaj-el' -um)  [1..  a  whip:  //.,  Flagella]. 
Any  long  vibratile  cilium.  See  also  Flag.  In  biology, 
applied  to  the  various  long,  slender,  lash-like  ap- 
pendages of  bacteria,  zoospores,  infusoria,  etc.,  and 
to  slender  runners,  and  tendrils  of  higher  plants. 

Flagg's  Drill- stock.     See  Drill-stock. 

Flail  {fid!)  [ME..  flaile~\.  An  arm  or  leg  not  under  mus- 
cular control.  F. -joint,  a  condition  of  preternatural 
mobility  frequently  following  resection  of  a  joint. 

Flajan's  Disease.     Svnonym  of  Exophthalmic  Goiter. 

Flake  \fldk)  [ME.,  flake,  a  flake].  A  small,  scale- 
like fragment,  as  of  epidermis.  F.  Manna,  the  best 
and  purest  commercial  manna,  so  called  from  its  form. 

Flambage  (  flam-bahzh')\Yx.\  The  singeing  of  wounds 
for  therapeutic  purposes. 

Flank  (flank)  [ME",  flank]-  The  part  of  the  body 
between  the  ribs  and  the  upper  border  of  the  ilium. 

Flannagan  Garbage-cart.     See  Garbage-cart. 

Flannel  Rash.     See  Seborrhea  corporis. 

Flap  [ME.,///,  a  loose,  flexible  part].  A  loose  and 
partly  detached  portion  of  the  skin  or  other  soft  tissue. 
F.  Amputation.  See  Amputation.  F.  Extraction. 
See  Extraction  of  Cataract.  F.  Operation.  See 
Operations.    Table  of. 

Flapless  (fiap'-les)  [ME.,  flap,*,  loose,  flexible  part  ; 
less,  a  suffix  signifying  without].  Without  flaps.  F. 
Amputation.      See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Flash-point.  The  temperature  at  which  a  petroleum  oil 
gives  off  vapors  which,  mixing  with  air.  cause  an  ex- 
plosion or  flash  of  flame,  dying  out.  however,  at  once. 

Flask  [<p"K&cncn,  a  Bask].  A  narrow-necked,  globular 
glass  bottle.  F.,  Boiling,  a  small  flask,  with  a  wide 
neck,  provided  on  the  side  with  an  exit-tube  ;  it  is  em- 
ployed for  determining  the  boiling-point.  F. -clamp, 
an  instrument  in  the  form  of  a  press,  employed  in 
vulcanite  work   for  closing   flasks  after  packing.      F., 


FLAT 


FLOATING 


Moulding.  F. -press, 

i  vulcanite  flask  after 
P  .   Vulcanite,   in    deni 

in  generally 

!   1  ■  v 
loin,  and    is 

F.-ear. 

i   the  plantar 

is  in  thai 

1    -worm.  rm. 

ith]. 
\  -  in  the 

ma 
i  and  intestines. 
dent  '  baracter- 

.  flatulence. 
in  applied  to  gases  in  the 

anihn  iw  ;  ani/in], 

by  heat- 
It  forms  col- 
v  on  exposure  to  the 
. 

us  of. 
escent  omeyellow]. 

a  m  ]       A  yellow  dye-stuff 

bark  by  the  action  of  H.2SO.. 

ophenin  i)  j      \vu  ,  yellow \phenyl J, 

■ring  matter.     See  Chry- 

Flavopurpurin  »)    \flavus,   yellow  ; 

ing-matter  occur- 
.    acicular   crystals.     See  Pig- 

Flavus  [L.J.     Ye!! 

Flaw  [v.  .  flake],     A   disease   in  which  the 

• 
Flax  i  he  best  known  and 

i   .  derived 

issimum.      The  linen 

white  color, 

ngth.      It  is  less 

.  bul   is  a  better  conduc- 

<■  <  otton,  a  pure  cel- 

lul  F.,    New    Zealand,  a    fiber   obtained  from 

Inch    acquires    a 

The  fiber,  as  prepared 

Mlky  luster. 

I   l< >r  coarse  tex- 

a    this    fiber    i>,    however, 

1  must  therefore 
F.  -dresser's   Phthisis,  a  form 
F.-seed.     See  Linum. 
Flay 
Fie..  .  and  /•,,. 

F  -bane  n,      p.. 

Dlt'  F  -powder  Buhach. 

Fleam   |  \   ,,;. 

Flechsig,   Method   of.     A  rentiating 

ord .      It 
'  which  the  fibers  of 
iring  thi  <>( 

1  ract  of. 
Flee  Tifcctant  ilution  containing 

.  in 

Fleece  of  Stelli: 

bellum. 


Fleischl's  Law.     See  / 

Fleischmann's  Bursa.     The  sublingual  bursa. 

Fleitmann's  Test.     See   Tests,  Table  of . 

Flema  salada  \jla' -mah  sal-a'-da)   [Sp.].     Synonym 

i  .1     !  >  odj  nia. 
Fleming's    Tincture.     An    alcoholic    preparation   of 
mite,  stronger  than  the  official  tincture.     Dose,  two 

minims. 

Flemming's  Method.  A  method  of  preparing  tissue 
for  histologic  study.  Small  bits  of  tissue  are  fixed  in 
o.i  to  0.5  per  cent,  solution  of  chromic  acid,  and  the 
hardening  completed  with  alcohol.  F.'s  Mixture, 
a  mixture  used  in  histologic  investigations.  Its  com 
position  is  as  follows:  <  Ine  per  rent,  solution  of  osmic 
acid,  IO  part-;  one  per  cent,  solution  of  chromic  acid, 
25  parts;  two  per  cent,  solution  of  acetic  acid,  5  parts, 
watei  60  parts. 

Flesh  [ME.,  flesh, flesh].  The  soft  tissues  of  the  body, 
ually  the  muscles.  F. -brush,  a  brush  for  rubbing 
the  surface  of  the  body.  F.,  Goose.  See  Cutis  a>i- 
serina.  F. -juice,  the  juice  derived  from  meat  by  ex- 
pression.  F.,  Proud,  a  colloquial  term  for  the  soft 
and  inflamed  granulations  of  the  edges  of  a  wound. 
F. -wound,  a  slight  or  superficial  wound.  F.-worm. 
See  Thread-worms. 

Fleshy  (  flesh'-e]  [ME.,  flesh,  flesh].  Mainly  composed 
of  muscular  tissue. 

Fleury's  Method.     See  Treatment,  Methods  of. 

Flexed-toe  (Jlekst'-to).     See  Hammer-toe. 

Flexibilitas  {JUks-ib-W -it-as)  [L.].  Flexibility.  F. 
cerea,  a  condition  of  the  limbs  in  catalepsy  in  which  they 
resist  passive  movement  and  seem  as  if  made  ofwax. 

Flexible  {licks' -ib-l)  \Jlcxus,  bent].  That  which  may 
be  bent.  F.  Catheter,  a  catheter  made  of  flexible 
substance.  F.  Collodion.  See  Pyroxylin.  F.  Pillar. 
See  Pillar. 

Flexile  (Jh-x'-il)  \Jlexilis,  pliable].     Easily  bent. 

Flexion  {JUk'-shun}  \_flcxits,  bent].  The  operation  or 
process  of  bending;  the  condition  of  being  bent;  the 
opposite  of  extension.  F.,  Forcible,  in  surgery,  a 
mode  of  treating  aneurysm  by  a  forcible  bending,  as, 
for  example,  of  the  knee,  so  as  to  compress  the  popliteal 
artery,  thereby  reducing  the  volume  of  blood  ;  also  a 
means  of  breaking  up  articular  adhesions  by  mechanical 
bending.  F.  and  Extension,  certain  passive  Swedish 
movements  used  principally  for  regulating  the  circula- 
tion in  certain  parts,  and  for  relieving  local  con 
tion.  F. -stage  of  Labor,  one  of  the  stages  of  labor, 
consisting  in  a  bending  of  the  fetal  head  forward  toward 
the  chest. 

Flexor  (  fleks'-or)  \_flexus,  bent].  Any  muscle  that 
bend-  a  limb  or  part.     See  Muscles,   Tabic  of. 

Flexuous  1  fleks/-u-us)  \_flectere,\.o  bend].  In  biology, 
alternately  curved  in  opposite  directions. 

Flexura  {jleks-uf -rah)  [L. ,  a  bending].  A  bending 
or  curve  in  an  organ.  In  veterinary  anatomy,  the 
so-called  knee  (in  fact  the  wrist)  of  the  horse. 

Flexure  { ticks' -ur)  \Jlexura,  a  bending].  A  bending. 
F.,  Sigmoid.     See  Sigmoid  Flexure. 

Flighty  (lli'-tc)  [Dan.,  vlugtig,  volatile].  Slightly 
delirious. 

Flint's  Formula.  See  Alimentation,  Rectal.  F.'s 
Murmur.  Sea  Signs  and  Symptoms,  Table  of.  F.'s 
Pill,  a  pill  containing  half  a  grain  of  iron  combined 
with  all  the  inorganic  salts  found  in  the  blood  in  the 
normal  proportion,  except  chlorid  of  sodium,  which  is 
in  exce 

Floating  [Jldf-ing)  [.\IE.,/rf,7/,  to  float].  Free  to 
move  around.  F.  Kidney,  one  that  i-.  misplaced  or 
movable;  wandering.  F.  Liver,  a  movable  liver.  F. 
Ribs.  See  Ribs.  F.  Spleen,  one  that  is  separate 
from  its  attachments,  and  displaced. 


VIA  K'Cl 


479 


FLUID 


Flocci    {Jlok'-i)  [L.].      Plural  of  Jloeeus,  a  tuft.     F. 

volitantes.      Same  as  Mused-  volitan 
Floccillation   {Jlok-sil-a'-shuu)   \JtocUlatid\.     Same  as 

Carpholc 
Floccitation    {Jtok-sit-a' -shun)   \_fioccitatio\.     Same  as 

Carphol 
Floccose  (jlokf-ds)  \floccus,  a  flock  of   wool].      In  bi 

ology,  composed  of  or  bearing  tufts  of  woolly  or  long 

and  soft  hairs. 
Floccular  {flok'  -u-lar)  \Jloccidus,  a  little  flock  of  wool]. 

Pertaining  to  the  flocculus. 
Flocculence  {Jlok* '-u-lens)    \Jloccus,  a  lock  of  wool]. 

In  biology,  a  soft,  waxy  excretion,  resembling  wool, 

found  on  certain  insects,  e.g,  the  woolly  Aphis. 
Flocculent   (Jlok'-u-lcnt)    \Jloccus,  a  flock    of  wool]. 

Flaky,  downy,  or  woolly;  coalescing  in  flock  y  ma 
Flocculus  (Jlok'-udus)  [dim.  oi  Jloeeus,  a  tuft  of  wool]. 

1.  A  bilobular  mass  attached  to  the  medipeduncle  of 
the  brain  at  the  peduncular  sulcus,  and  wedged,  as  it 
were,  between  the  rounded  contiguous  angles  of  the 
cephalic  and  caudal  regions  of  the  cerebellum.  Along 
with  it  is  the  paraflocatlus,  a  single-lobed  mass.  Their 
functions  and  their  representatives  in  oilier  mammals 
are  little  known.  2.  In  biology,  a  small  bunch  of 
stiff  hairs. 

Floccus  (jtok'-us)  [L. ,  a  flock  or  tuft  of  wool://., 
Flocci\.     In  biology,  a  small  tuft  of  woolly  hairs. 

Flood's  Ligament.     See  Ligament. 

Flooding  (Jlud'-ing)  [ME.,  flood,  a  flood].  A  copious 
bleeding  from  the  womb  during,  after,  or  just  at  child- 
birth ;   any  excessive  uterine  hemorrhage. 

Floor  (/lor)  [ME., floor,  floor].  The  basal  limit  of  any 
hollow  organ  or  open  space  ;  as  the  Jloor  of  a  ventricle, 
of  the  antrum,  of  an  orbit,  or  of  the  pelvis.  F. - 
space,  the  distance  apart  of  beds  required  to  afford 
proper  ventilation  in  hospitals.  It  should  be  not  less 
than  j1^  of  the  cubic  space. 

Flora  (flo'-ralr  )  [Flora,  the  goddess  of  flowers].  The 
entire  plant-life  of  any  geographic  area  or  geologic 
period. 

Florence  Lake.      See  Pigments,  Conspeetus  of. 

Florentine  Lake.     Same  as  Florence  Lake. 

Flores  (flo'-rez)  [L.].  Plural  of  flos,  a  flower.  I.  The 
flowers  or  blossoms  of  any  plant  used  as  a  medicine. 

2.  A  flocculent  or  pulverulent  form  assumed  by  cer- 
tain medicines  and  chemicals  after  sublimation ;  as 
flores  sulphuris,  flowers  of  sulphur ;  flores  benzoes, 
flowers  of  benzoin,  or  sublimated  benzoic  acid. 

Florescence  (jfor-es' '-ens)  [forescere,  to  begin  to 
bloom].      The  opening  of  flowers  ;   blossoming. 

Floret  {flor'-et)  [_flos,  flower].  In  biology,  an  indi- 
vidual flower  of  a  head  or  cluster  of  flowers  ;  it  is 
also  called  floscule. 

Florid  ( florr-id)  [floridus,  abounding  with  flowers]. 
Bright-red  in  color ;  rosy  ;  as  a  florid  cheek,  or 
countenance.  F.  Phthisis.  See  Galloping  Con- 
sumption. 

Florida  (  flor'-id-ah)  [floridus,  abounding  with  flowers]. 
One  of  the  Southern  states  of  the  United  States. 
F.  Allspice,  the  leaves  of  Calycanthus  floridus,  a 
pleasant  aromatic  stimulant.  Dose  of  the  fld.  ext., 
gtt.  x-xxx.      Unof.      F.,  Fever.     See  Lever. 

Florisugent  (flor-is-u'-i, ■•nt)  [flos,  flower;  sugere,  to 
suck].  Applied  to  birds  and  insects  that  suck  the 
nectar  of  flowers. 

Flos  [L.,  a  "flower"].  A  flower.  Singular  of 
Flores,  q.  v. 

Floscule  (flos'-kiil)  [dim.  of  flos,  a  flower].  See 
L'loret. 

Flour  {Jlowr)  [old  spelling  of  flower].  A  finely- 
ground  meal  ;  this  may  be  from  either  wheat,  rye, 
barley,  oats,  maize  or  Indian  corn,  and   rice,  although 


wheat-flour  is  used  in  far  the  largest  amount.  Wheat- 
flour  contains  starch,  dextrin,  cellulose,  sugar,  albu- 
min, gliadin  or  gluten,  mucin  or  mucedin,  fibrin, 
cerealin,  fat,  mineral  matter,  and  water.  The  lir-a 
four  are  carbohydrates,  or  non-nitrogenous  substam 
and  they  form  nearly  three  fourths  of  the  entire  weight 
of  the  flour.  The  nitrogenous  mattei  consists  of  at 
least  live  principles,  three  of  which,  gluten  (or  glia- 
din),  mucin  (or  mucedin),  and  fibrin,  constitute  the 
bulk  of  the  material  known  as  crude  gluten,  which  i> 
the  substance  left  when  flour  is  kneaded  with  water 
and  afterwards  washed  to  remove  the  starch  and  any 
soluble  --ul>->tance.  The  remaining  two  nitrogenous 
principles,  albumin  and  cerealin,  are  soluble  in  water, 
and  are  carried  away  with  the  starch  in  the  process  of 
washing.  <  rude  gluten  possesses  a  peculiar  adhesive- 
ness, arising  from  the  presence  of  gliadin,  which  is  a 
highly  tenacious  body,  and  which  is  not  present  in 
the  same  form  in  other  cereal  flours.  The  vegetable 
albumin  is  accompanied  also  by  small  amounts  of 
legumin,  or  vegetable  casein,  which  is  also  soluble  in 
water.  The  cerealin  is  a  soluble  nitrogenized  ferment 
occurring  especially  in  the  husk  or  bran  of  wheat  and 
other  cereals.  It  has  a  powerful  fermentative  action 
on  starch,  rapidly  converting  it  into  dextrin  and  other 
soluble  bodies.     The  difference  in  the  composition  of 


FlNl^ 

.  White  Flour. 

Coarse  Wheat  Bran. 

In  ioo 
parts. 

In  one  pound. 

!:;lt;::  h-epa-d. 

Water,    .   .   . 

13.0 

2  ozs..  35  grs. 

14.0       2  ozs  ,  105  grs. 

Fibrin,  etc.,  . 

10.5 

1  oz.,  297  grs 

15.0       2  ozs.,  175  grs. 

Starch,  etc.,  . 

74-3 

11  ozs.,  388  grs 

44.0   1     7  ozs.,  17  grs. 

0.8 

0  ozs.,  57  grs. 

4.0       0  ozs  ,  280  grs 

Cellulose,  .   . 

07 

0  ozs.,  49  grs. 

17.0        2  ozs  ,  316  grs. 

Mineral ) 
matter,  j 

07 

0  ozs.,  49  grs. 

60       0  ozs  ,  422  grs. 

the  several  parts  of  the  wheat-grain  is  seen  in  the  fore- 
going table  given  by  Church.  F.-ball,  a  much- 
used  food  for  infants  suffering  from  summer-complaint. 
It  is  made  as  follows  : — Two  or  three  pounds  of 
wheat-flour,  tied  in  a  bag,  are  boiled  continuously 
for  12  hours  ;  the  outer  shell  is  then  scraped  off,  and 
the  inner,  yellow  portion  (mainly  dextrin  1  is  grated 
and  used  to  make  a  thin  gruel. 

Flouren's  Doctrine.  A  theory  that  the  whole  of  the 
cerebrum  is  concerned  in  every  psychic  process. 

Flow  (  fid)  [M  I"-. ,  flowen,  to  flow].  The  free  discharge 
of  a  liquid,  as  the  blood. 

Flower  (/or. ->'-er)  [ME.,  Jlowre,  flower].     See  Flos. 

Flower,  Angle  of.  In  craniometry,  the  naso-malar 
angle. 

Fluctuation  (  fluk-tu-a' -shun)  [  flucttiare,  to  float  or 
roll].  The  wave  like  motion  of  contained  fluid  upon 
pressure,  or  by  succussion. 

Fluid  (  flu' '-id  \  [  fluere,  to  flow].  A  substance  whose 
molecules  move  freely  upon  one  another  ;  any  liquid 
constituent,  or  secretion  of  the  body.  See  Amniotic, 
Condr's,  Culture,  Labarraqud s,  and  other  fluids.  F. 
Extract.  See  Extractum  Fluidum.  F. -ounce.  See 
Weights.    F.-dram.    See  Weights.    F.,  Scarpa's,  the 


FLl  H.UAM 


18U 


1  CENICl  II  M 


p.  Vein.  ■•  ii  to  the  eddies 

ty  in 
the  pan. 
murmur. 

the  gram 

D 

hip  the  cubic 

■ 

•:-..  ink.].      Any 

■ 

tericum 

i     A  liquid  state.     2. 
!■'.  .ilbus,  while  flow  ;   an  old 
F.  muliebris.     Synonym 

hene  ,  ;i  flow],  C,«HI0. 

.nir~  in  the  "  stubb-fat  "  ob- 

•       ■•  stubb."    It  crys- 

.  melting  at 

1      - ,  ,  '.iilv  in  hot  alcohol,  ether, 

Fluorenc  ,  a  flow],  I      II,,        \  sub- 

■   >sing 

mbustion  tube    heated 

soluble  in  hot  alcohol,  less  so 

;  lates  having 

at  11  j°  < '..  and  boils  at 

D  :    flow],    <      .,11 

in.     An  anhydrid  of  re- 
:    phthalic  anhydrid  with 
.-  .1  yellowish  or  dark- 
it  2900  C.     From  it 

Fluorescein  ,    to    flow].      A 

,  1    n  ;isting  in 

while    light    is    being    passed 

i  .  and    several   struct- 

See  also  Phos- 

■ 

rcscent  Resorcinol.  in  Blue. 

Fluorcscipenous  \_fluere,  to  flow; 

to  fluorescence. 
Fluorescin  ,  to  flow],  <  '.,,11,,'  »,. 

\  1   of  the   reduction    ol 

•1"  itral    quality  and 

n  used    to    study   the 
■  fluids. 
1  ••  ]        \  basic  salt  of 

Fluorin  I        1  ■ . ;  quantival- 

1  It  has  not  been  isolated, 

re  highl)  corro- 

ir   full  str'  ngth.      See  Ele- 

Ammonium  fluorid  aded 

",  V(lf 

Hydrofluoric   acid, 

Inha  ;   the 

mended   in   diphtheria 

l«orin  a    n,)W-j        \ 

indulins.    They 
tzophenin 
rhey 
itiful    tin. 

Fluoroform  ,„„_ 


form],  CHFj.      A  gas,  the  fluorin  analogue  <>f  chloro- 

|.  >nn. 

Flush  [origin  obscure].  A  temp. nary  redness,  as  the 
hectic  flush  ;  it  is  due  in  man)  cases  t<>  vaso-motor 
paresis. 

Flushing  (  flush'-ing'}  [origin  obscure].  I.  A  frequent 
symptom  in  the  subjects  ol  cardiac  palpitation,  and 
especially  in  Graves'  disease.  Ii  implies  a  condition 
nt  vaso-motor  irritability  with  a  paresis  of  the  art 
rioles  in  certain  areas.  Ii  is  often  accompanied  by 
local  perspiration.  It  is  seldom  a  marked  symptom  of 
inn  disease.  -.  [Tie  process  ol  cleansing  b)  .t 
rapid  flow  of  liquid. 

Flute-player's  Cramp.     See  ( 'ramp. 

Flux  1  fluks)  \  fluxus,  flowing],  1.  An  abnormal  How  ol 
any  ol  the  1  iccretionsof  the  body,  especially  the  feces. 
Also,  a  synonym  ol  Dysentery.  2.  In  chemistry, 
any  highly-fusible  substance  or  mixture,  as  the  sub- 
borate  of  soda,  employed  in  the  fusion  of  metals.  F., 
Sebaceous.     See  Seborrhea. 

Fluxion  [fluk/ -shun)  \Jluxus,  a  flowing],     A  gath<  ring 
of  blood  or  other  fluid  in  one  part  of  the  body;   con 
gestion,  or  hyperemia, 

Fluxus  [jluks'-us)  [I--]-  A  flow  or  a  flowing.  F. 
cruentus.  Synonym  of  Dysentery.  F.  dysenteri- 
cus.  Svnonym  of  Dysentery.  F.  sebaceus.  Syn- 
onym of  Seborrhea.  F.  splenicus.  Synonym  of 
Melena.     F.  torminosus.     Synonym  of  Dysentery. 

Fly(//7)  [ME.,  //iv,  a  fly].  A  dipterous  insect.  For 
parasitic  flies,  see  Parasites  [Animal),  Tab  of.  F.- 
agaric.  See  Agaricus  muscarius.  F. -blister. 
Flying  Blister.  See  Blister.  F. -poison.  See 
Amianthium.      F. -sickness.     See  Barcoo. 

Foal  ( fol)  [ME.,  fole,  a  foal].  The  young  of  the  equine 
genus  of  quadrupeds,  of  either  sex. 

Focal  {fo'-ka!  \  \  focus,  a  point;  a  fire-place],  Pertain- 
ing  to  or  occupying  a  focus.  F.  Disease.  SeeDt 
F.  Hemorrhage,  localized  hemorrhage,  in  contradis 
tinction  to  diffuse  or  disseminated  hemorrhage.  F. 
Meningitis,  meningitis  involving  but  a  small  area  of 
the  membranes.  F.  Myelitis,  localized  myelitis,  in 
contradistinction  to  diffuse  or  disseminated  myelitis. 
F.  Sclerosis,  the  chronic  form,  sometimes  called 
Sclerotic  Mv<  ■litis. 

Focil  {fo'-sil)  [fpcilc,a  spindle].  Any  bone  of  the 
forearm  or  leg.  F.  majus,  the  ulna.  F.  majus 
cruris,  the  tibia.  F.  minus,  the  radius.  F.  minus 
cruris,  the  fibula. 

Focus  [fof-kus)  [  focus,  a  point:  p'..  foci\.  The  prin- 
cipal sea)  of  a  disease.  The  point  (called  principal 
focus)  to  which  converge  the  rays  of  light  that 
pass  through  a  convex  lens  or  are  reflected  from  a 
concave  mirror.  F.,  Equivalent,  in  microscopy,  when 
the  real  image  of  an  objective  of  a  certain  focal  length 
is  of  tli  i/e   as  that    produced  by  a  simple  con 

verging  lens  whose  focal  distance  <•  |uals  that  of  the  ob- 
jective, it  is  said  to  have  an  equivalent  focus.  F., 
Negative,  or  Virtual,  the  imaginary  focus  of  an  object 
placed  within  the  principal  focus.  Conjugate  Foci, 
interdependent  loci. 

Focusin-'  '  .  a  point].       The  mutual 

arrangement  of  an  object  and  the  optic  parts  of  a 
microscope  so  that  a  clear  image  may  be  seen.  F. 
Down,  in  microscopy,  focusing  by  moving  the  objective 
down  or  toward  the  object,  but  at  the  risk  ol  damag- 
ing it.  F.  Up,  focusing  by  moving  the  objective  up 
1  .r  away  from  tli 

Fodere's  Test.     See  Birth. 

Fceniculum  [fen-ik' '-u-lum)  [L.:  ,:/''>?•,  Famiculi"]. 
Fennel.  The  fruit  of  /■'.  vulgare,  with  properties  clue 
to  a  volatile  oil.  It  is  a  mild  stimulant  and  aromatic 
carminative.      F.,  Aq.,  2  parts  of   the  oil   in    IOOO  of 


lOKRSTER'S  SHIFTING-TYPE 


■1-1 


FONTANEL 


water.    Dose  3  ss-  x,  j .     F.,  Ol.,  the  volatile  oil.     1 
ttuj-v.     Sec  also  1'iHii  .'. 

Foerster's  Shifting-type.      See  Signs  and  Symptoms. 

Forster's  Method.  .See  Cataract,  Artificial  Matura- 
tion of.      F.'s  Operation.     See  Operations,   Tabl 

Foetal  {fe/-tal).    See  Fetal. 

Fcetor  (fe'-tor).     See  Fetor. 

Foetus  {fe'-ti<>).     See  Fetus. 

Fokker's  Method.  A  method  of  estimating  uric  acid  in 
the  urine.  200  c.c.  of  urine  are  made  strongly  alka- 
line by  sodium  carbonate,  and  after  an  hour  20  c.c.  of  a 
concentrated  solution  of  ammonium  chlorid  are  added. 
The  mixture  is  allowed  to  stand  at  a  low  temperatiin 
for  48  hour-,  when  the  precipitate  thai  forms  is  collected 
on  a  weighed  filter  and  washed.  The  filter  is  washed 
with  dilute  IIC1  (1  in  10),  and  the  filtrate  collected; 
this  operation  is  repeated  till  all  the  acid  urate  on  the 
filter  is  dissolved.  The  filtrates  are  mixed,  allowed  to 
stand  for  6  hours,  and  the  uric  acid  which  then 
separates  is  collected  on  the  same  filter,  washed  twice 
with  water,  then  with  alcohol,  till  all  acid  reaction  dis- 
appears, dried  at  no0  C,  and  weighed.  To  the 
weight  obtained  add  0.03  gram,  and  subtract  the 
weight  of  the  tilter  ;  the  remainder  is  the  weight  of  uric 
acid  in  200  c.c.  of  urine. 

Fol's  Fixing-fluid.  A  modification  of  Fleming's  solu- 
tion, used,  as  is  the  latter,  for  the  fixation  of  cells 
undergoing  indirect  cell-division.  See  Stains,  Table 
of.     F.'s  Yellow.     See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Fold  {fold)  [ME.,/0/1/,  a  fold].  A  term  applied  to 
the  plication  or  doubling  together  of  various  parts  of 
the  body.  F.,  Aryteno-epiglottidean,  a  fold  of 
mucous  membrane  stretched  between  the  sides  of  the 
epiglottis  and  the  apex  of  the  arytenoid  cartilage.  F., 
Palpebral,  the  fold  formed  by  the  reflection  of  the 
conjunctiva  from  the  eyelids  on  to  the  eye.  There 
are  two  folds,  the  superior  and  inferior.  F.,  Recto- 
vaginal, the  fold  of  the  peritoneum  in  females  de- 
scending in  front  of  the  rectum  and  behind  the  vagina. 
It  corresponds  with  the  recto-vesical  fold  of  males. 
F.,  Vater's,  the  plica  transversalis  or  transverse  fold  of 
the  duodenum,  situated  just  above  the  opening  of  the 
pancreatic  and  biliarv  ducts. 

Folders  {fol'-derz)  [M  Y..,fold,  a  fold].  English  usage 
for  Pince-nez  or  "eye-glasses." 

Folia  (fo'-le-ah)  [pi.  of folium,  leaf].  1.  Leaves;  a 
term  much  used  in  pharmacopeias  and  dispensatories, 
and  designating  the  leaves  of  such  plants  as  are  used 
in  medicine.  2.  The  intervening  thin  plates  between 
the  crevices  of  greater  or  less  depth  [rimulce]  upon  the 
entire  surface  of  the  adult  cerebellum. 

Foliaceous  (fo-le-a'-se-us)  [  folium,  a  leaf].     Leaf-like. 

Foliation  [fo-le-a' '-shun)  [foliare,  to  put  forth  leaves]. 
The  act  of  leafing  out ;   frondescence. 

Folie  (fo-le')  [Fr.].  Insanity.  F.  a  deux  {fo-le'-ah 
dull').  [Fr.]  See  Insanity,  Communicated.  F. 
Circulaire  (fo-le' '  -ser-ku-lar').  Cyclic  insanity.  F. 
du  Doute.  See  Doubt,  Insanity  of.  F.,  Alternate. 
Cyclic  Insanity,  <).  7r. 

Foliicolous  (fo-le-ik'-o-lus)  [folium,  a  leaf;  colcre,  to 
dwell].      In  biology,  growing  upon  leaves. 

Foliole  (  fo'-lc-ol)  [folium,  a  leaf.  ]  In  biology,  a  leaf- 
let or  leaflet-like  organ. 

Foliose  (fo'-le-os)  [foliosus,  leafy].  Abounding  in 
leaves,  leaflets,  or  leaf-like  appendages. 

Folium  {fo'-le-um)  [L.,  a  leaf:  pi.,  Folia"].  I.  In 
biology,  a  leaf.  At  the  time  of  Crcsalpinus  it  applied 
equally  to  sepals,  petals,  or  ordinary  leaves.  2.  Any 
lamina  or  leaflet  of  gray  matter,  forming  a  part  of  the 
arbor  vitae  of  the  cerebellum. 

Folius,  Process  of.      Process  of  Rati;   a  process  at  the 
junction  of  the  handle  with  the  neck  of  the  malleus. 
31 


It  passes  anteriorly  into  the  Glaserian  fissure.  It 
1-  about  threi  and  a-half  lines  long  in  tin-  new  born 
infant       After  birth    it    unites    with    the  under  wall  of 

1  In-  I  rlasei  i-iii  ii-.^ure. 

Follette  (  fol-et')  [Fr.].     Synonym  of  Influenza. 

Follicle  ( fol'-ik-l)  [folliculus,  dim.  oifollis,  bellow-]. 
1.  In  anatomy,  a  ver)  small  secretorj  cavity  or  sac,  as 
one  of  the  follicles  of  Lieberkiihn.  2.  In  biology,  a 
simple  pod,  splitting  only  by  the  ventral  suture.  F., 
Graafian,  one  "I  the  small  vesicular  bodies  in  tin- 
cortical  layer  of  the  ovary,  consisting  of  Battened 
granular  cells  with  oval  nuclei  and  membrana  pro] 
each  about  1:}iiit  inch  in  diameter.  F.,  Sebaceous, 
one  ot  the  sacs  lying  within  the  skin  that  secrete  the 
oily  fluid  with  which  the  skin  is  softened. 

Follicular  {fol-ik'-u-lar)  [folliculus,  a  little  follicle]. 
Relating  or  appertaining  to  a  follicle. 

Folliculitis  {fol-ik-u-li'-tis)  [folliculus,  a  follicle  ;  -  . 
inflammation].  Inflammation  of  a  group  of  follicles,  as 
of  the  hair.  F.  barbae.  See  Sycosis.  F.  decalvans, 
Quinquaud's  Lisease  :  a  chronic  folliculitis  of  the  hairy 
parts,  especially  of  the  scalp,  which  had-  to  a  cicatri- 
cial alopecia.  The  patches  are  about  the  size  of  a 
shilling,  irregular  in  outline,  and  almost  smooth  and 
polished,  hut  with  some  granular  points  at  the  periph- 
ery, and  red  points  on  the  white,  atrophied,  cicatri- 
cially-depressed  surface.  F.  exulcerans.  See 
ll\  'drosaden  it  is  pli  legm  on  osa . 

Folliculium  {fol-ik-u'-le-um).  The  liquor  folliculi. 
See  Liquor. 

Folliculose  (  fol-ik'-u-los)  [fo/lis,  a  bellows].  lull  of 
follicles.      Having  the  appearance  of  follicles. 

Fomentation  {fo-men-ta'-shun)[fo»ientare,  to  foment]. 
The  application  of  cloths  soaked  in  hot  medicinal 
solutions,  to  reduce  inflammation  or  to  allay  pain. 
Also,  the  application  of  hot  dry  cloths.  Also,  the 
medicament,  or  other  material,  so  applied. 

Fomes  [fo'-mlz)  [I.,  for  "tinder":  //.,  Fomites~\. 
Any  substance  (as  a  garment,  carpet,  letter)  capable 
of  acting  as  the  medium  for  the  transmission  of  an  in- 
fectious disease. 

Fonifero  I  fo-nif'-er-d).     See  Phonophore. 

Fons  pulsatilis  (fons  pul-sat'-il-is)  [L.  ].     See  Fontanel. 

Fontaine's  Chamber.     See  Anesthetic. 

Fontana,  Canals  of.  See  Canal.  F.'s  Markings,  <  r 
Striae  of.  Delicate  microscopic  transverse  folds  of 
nerve-fibers,  to  which  is  due  the  fact  of  the  non 
retraction  of  the  fibers  when  divided.  F.'s,  Spaces, 
those  between  the  processes  of  the  ligamentum  pecti- 
natum  iridis.      See  Canal. 

Fontanel, or  Fontanelle  |  fon-ian-el')  [dim.  of  l  ntana, 
a    spring,   from    the    appearance    and     feeling].       A 


Fontanels  of  Fetal  Skull. 

membranous  space  of  the  infant's  skull,  from  delayed 
""Itication  of  the  cranial  bones.  F.,  Anterior,  that 
at  the  point  of  union  of  the  frontal,  sagittal,  and  coronal 
sutures.      See  also  Bregma.     F.,   Posterior,  that  at 


. 


FOOT 


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i«j^ 

well  as  to  the  well- 
alcohol,    etc. 
Foods,    Isodynamic. 

F  .   Plastic,    proteids.     F.,   Res- 
piratory. 1  he   nomencla- 

11s  theory. ) 
P     Classification  of  ng  to  Yeo)  :  — 

substances  having 

hemic  composition 

umin,  fibrin,  svnto- 

.    from   the   animal: 
■    -I. mi. 

•  es  referred  to 


itin 
1  '  hondrin. 


ining  carbon, 

I  the  hydrogen  into 
..rin. 

Klrin 
F..  Complete.  ,11  tjle  alimentary 


substances  required  for  the  support  and  maintenance 
of  animal  life.  The  onl)  complete  food  afforded  by 
the  animal  kingdom  is  eggs.  F.-cure,  dietetic  treat 
11  hi  it  of  disease.  F. -stuffs  or  F. -substances,  the 
materials,  from  both  the  anim.il  and  vegetable  king- 
doms, that  ma)  be  employed  for  the  purpose  of  sup- 
plying nourishment  to  the  body,  and  providing  the 
elements  for  the  formation  of  tissue.     F.- 

vacuole,  a  temporarj  space  often  noticed  in  protozoa, 
itaining  nutritive  matter.  F.-yolk,  all  that  portion 
nl  the  yolk  that  does  nol  undergo  segmentation,  but 
serves  to  nourish  the  embryo;  nutritive  protoplasm; 
deutoplasm. 

Fool's  Parsley. 

Foot  [ME.,    foot"].      1.   The  terminal  extremity  of  the 
leg;    one  ol    the  organs  of   locomotion.      In  bimana 
and  quadrumana  it  con- 
sists of  the  tarsus,  meta- 
tarsus, and  phalanges,  or 
toes.     -.    I  Ik-  base  of  a 
microscope.     3.  A  meas 
ure    of    length  <.■<  jual    to 
twelve  inches  or  30.479 
cm.       F. -clonus.       See 
Clonus  and  Ankle-i  /onus. 
F.-bath,  a  pediluvium. 
F.-drop,  a  falling  of  the 
foot  due  to  a  paralysis  of 
the  flexors  of  the  ankle. 
It  is  seen  in  neuritis.    See 
Dropped  Foot.    F.,  Fun- 
gus.     M  ad  u  ra    Foot; 
Mycetoma  ;  Ulcus  grave. 
An    endemic    disease   of 
India  affecting  the   foot, 
which   increases  in  size, 
this    increase     being    at- 
tended with  the  develop- 
ment   of   mammillated 
pustules,  in  each  of  which 
is    a    deep-seated    sinus. 
The  sinuses  are  lined  by 
a  distinct  membrane,  and 
contain    characteristic 
" fish-roe  bodies''  of  a 
w  h  i  te  ,  yellowish,  red- 
dish,  or  blackish   color. 
These    bodies    are  com- 
posed mainly  of  tatty  and 
ous  matters,  the  re- 
snh>    of    decomposition, 
encrusted  with  salts  and 
bl  ood- pigment.      The 
bones     are      slowly     ab- 
sorbed, and  gangrene  or 
exhaustion  may  carry  off 
the  patient.      I  he  disease 
is  most  common  in  adult 
male-.    ,\  fungus, ( 'hi 
phacarteri,  appears  to  be 
the    active  cause  of  the 
F.-halt.  adis- 
of  sheep,  said  to  be 


Foot,  Plantar  Aspect. 

Inferior  surface  of  ealca- 
neum.  2.  Inner  tuberosity. 
3.  Outer  tuberosity.  4.  Angu- 
lar depression  between  these 
tuberosities.  5.  Interior  p.>i- 
tion  of  head  of  astragalus. 
6.  Plantar  surface  of  cuboid, 
I'  ir  attachment  of  inferior  cal- 
i-cuboid  ligament.  7. 
Tuberosity  of  cuboid.  B 
phoid.  9.  Tuberosity  ol  si  a- 
phoid.  10.  Inferior  portion 
of  internal  cuneiform.  11. 
Apex  of  middle  cuneiform. 
12.  Apex  t<(  internal  cunei- 
form 13,  1.1,  15.  16,  17  First, 
■     1  "ni,  third,  fourth  and  fifth 

bones     18.   iuber- 
osity  ol  filth  metatarsal  bone. 
19    Two  sesamoid  bones.    20. 
phalanx   ol     rreal 

21.  Last  phalanx  ol  great 

22,  22.     p  o  si     pha 
remaining  toes.     23,  2  -..  Si  1  - 
ond  and   third   phalaugi 
these  1 


caused   by  worms  in   the 
foot.    F. -mange,  a  para 
sitic  disease  of  the  heels  and   lower  parts  of  the  legs, 
iallythehind  f  a  horse,  giving  rise  to  great 

itching  and  irritation.    It  isduetoan  acarus,  Symbiotis 
F.-and-mouth  Disease,  a  rare  affection  that 
occurs   in  sheep,  cow,,  pigs,  and  horses,  and   is 
sionally  transmitted  to  man.     It  manifests  itsell  by  the 
appearance  of  vesii  les  and  bullae  in  the  mouth  and  on 


FOOT 


1-:; 


FORAW 


the  feet  at  the  margins  of  the  hoofs,  and  in  cow-,,  on  the 

udder  and  teats.   In  man,  v<  form  in  the  mouth,  on 

the  hands  and  feet.    In  two  or  three  days, these  rupture, 

discharging  an  opaque,  yellowish   fluid,  and  leaving 

dark-red  ulcers.    I  here  arc  alsi  i  f<  \  er,  am  >i 

eating,  swelling  of  tin-  tongue,  fetid  bi  livation, 

and  derangement  ol  dig*  stion,     Si 

and  Streptocytus  ./'/•.'■  zema  epi  -  wti  a,  x<  hottelius,  un 

Bacteria,  Synonytnatic  7  F. -phenomenon. 

See  Ankle-clonus.     F. -pound,  'he  work   required  to 

overcome   a  force  equal    to  raising   the    weight    of  a 


pound  through  the  t.     F.- 

poundal,  tl  undal  acting  through 

one  foot.     F.-rot,  a  <li 

to  pasturing  in  wet  ground. 

to  lie  tuben  uloi 

nature. 
Footling  {foof-ling)  [Ml    .  ].     With  thi 

feet  foi  t ;  as  a  footling  pn  mentation  in  i 

Foramen  (  fo-ra'-meri)  [  to  pii  rce].      A  pa 

or  opening,  especially  one   in  a   bone.     A    Tabi 
annua  is  appended. 


TABLE   OF   FORAMINA. 


Name. 

Location. 

Transmits. 

Accessory  transverse. 

Anomalous  foramina  in  the  transverse  processes  of  the  cervical 

vertebra-. 

An  anomalous  and  accessory  verte- 
bral artery. 

Acoustic. 

The  same  as  the  internal  auditory  meatus. 

The  auditory  and  facial  nerves. 

Alveolar,  anterior. 

See  Dental,  inferior. 

Alveolar,  inferior. 

See  Dental,  inferior. 

Alveolar,  posterior. 

In  the  superior  maxilla. 

Superior  posterior  dental  vessels  and 
nei  ves 

Amplum  pelveos. 

See  Obturator. 

Anonymous  of  Ferrein. 

See  Hiatus  Fallopii. 

Anteorbital. 

In  mammals,  an  orifice  in  the  cheek-bone  in  front  of  the  orbit, 
corresponding  to  the  infraorbital  foramen  of  man. 

Superior  maxillary  division  of  the  tri- 
facial nerve;  occasionally  the  mas- 
seter  muscle. 

Antorbital. 

See  Anteorbital. 

Aortic- 

An  opening  in  the  diaphragm. 

The  aorta. 

Arachnoid. 

See  Foramen  of  Magendie. 

Atlantal. 

In  many  animals,  a  hole  through  the  ventral  border  of  the  atlas  ; 
only  exceptionally  present  in  man. 

Suboccipital  nerve  ;  vertebral  artery. 

Atrio-ventricular,  com- 
mon. 

In  some  animals,  an  auriculo-ventricular  opening  common  to 
both  auricles  and  ventricles. 

Blood. 

Auditory,  external. 

The  external  meatus  of  the  auditory  canal. 

Sound-waves  to  tympanic  membrane. 

Auditory,  internal. 

See  Acoustic. 

Auricular. 

The  mouth  of  the  external  auditory  meatus. 

Sound-waves  to  tympanic  membrane. 

Bartholin's. 

See  Obturator. 

Bichat's. 

A  supposed   communication  between  the  subarachnoid  space 
and  the  cavity  of  the  third  ventricle  of  the  brain. 

Of  Botal  or  Botallo. 

In  the  fetus,  the  opening  between  the  two  auricles  of  the  heart, 
situated  at  the  lower  posterior  portion  of  the  septum  auricu- 
larum. 

Blood. 

Carotic. 

The  inferior  aperture  of  the  carotid  canal. 

Carotid  vessels. 

Carotico-clinoid. 

Sphenoid  bone;  an  occasional  foramen,  formed  by  the  union  of 
the  apices  of  the  anterior  and  middle  clinoid  processes. 

Carotico-tympanic. 

See  Canal,  Caroticotympanic. 

Carotid,  external. 

The  external  aperture  of  the  carotid  canal. 

rnal  carotid  artery  and  carotid 
plexus. 

Carotid,  internal. 

The  internal  aperture  of  the  carotid  canal 

Internal  carotid  artery  and  carotid 
plexus. 

Cavernous. 

Sphenoid  bone  ;  a  small  passage. 

The  median  vertebral  vein. 

Cecal,  anterior. 

Also   called  prepontile  fossa  ;  the  depression  at  the  cephalic 
margin  of  the  pons. 

Cecal     (of    frontal 

bone). 

Formed  bv  the  frontal  bone  and  the  crista  galli  of  the  ethmoid  ; 
a  small  foramen. 

A  vein,  occasionally. 

Cecal  (of   medulla   ob- 
longata). 

See  Cecal,  anterior. 

VMINA  FORAMINA 

lAI'.il    ''1     FORAMINA.— Continued. 


Transmits. 

1 

a  depression  in 

l'he  ventral  median  fissure  terminates 
in  this. 

■ 

• 

of  tongue. 

■ 

A  number  of  small  glands  open  into  it. 

■Ul). 

ical  vertebrae. 

The  vertebral  artery  and  vein. 

1  tin-  base  of  the  modiolus. 

■ 

uarial  r« 

1 

■ 

the  occipital  bone,  opening  externally 

Veins. 

■  he  anterior  condyloid  foramen. 

A  vein,  occasionally. 

i  to  the  outer  side  of  each  occipital  condyle, 
i,  outward,  and  forward  through  the  basilar 

The  hypoglossal  nerve;  occasionally  a 
meningeal  branch  of  the  ascending 
pharyngeal  artery. 

1  he  fossa  behind  the  occipital  condyles. 

A  vein  to  the  lateral  sinus. 

•ne  animals,  an  orifice  formed  by  the  articulation  of  the 
with  the  scapula. 

In  reptiles,  the  obturator  foramen. 

The  spat'                     the  transverse  process  of  a  vertebra  and 
the  neck  of  its  corresponding  rib. 

Branches  of  intercostal  arteries  and 
nerves. 

h  in  the  acetabulum  converted  into  a  canal  by  a  ligament. 

Vessels  and  nerves. 

-  in  the  lamina  cribrosa  of  the  ethmoid  bone. 

Filaments  of  the  olfactory  nerves. 

uite- 

An  aperture  in  the  upper  part  of  the  tibio-fibular  interosseous 

The  anterior  tibial  vessels. 

i 

rture   of   the    inferior  dental    canal,   in   the 

r;»;                                            ilia. 

Inferior  dental  vessels  and  nerves. 

I  ■ 

hrough  the  diaphragm. 

The  esophagus,  aorta,  vagus  ni  I 
inferior   vena  cava,  and  other  strut  - 
tures. 

Sec  A    ■ 

^mal!                                                    '  Hi.    cranial  bones.  leading 

Veins. 

1 

■ 

The  emissary  veins. 

ndj  le  of  the  humerus  ;  si 
n  man  by  a  gtt 

FORAMINA  l-:»  FORAMINA 

TAB]  1     "I     FORAMINA  —Continued. 


Namk. 

Transmits. 

Esophageal. 

The  diaphragm. 

The  esophagus. 

Ethmoid,  anterior. 

A  i  anal  formed  between  the  ethmoid  and  frontal  bones. 

The  nasal  branch  of  the  ophthalmic 
nerve;  anterior  ethmoid  vessels. 

Ethmoid,  posterior. 

See  Canal,  Ethmoid,  posterior. 

Posterior  ethmoid  artery  and  vein. 

Frontal. 

The  supra-orbital  notch  of   the   frontal  bom    when   it   i->   con- 
verted into  a  canal  by  an  overlying  proi  ess  ol  bone. 

Supraorbital  vessels  and  nerves. 

Fronto-ethmoid. 

The  foramen  cecum  in  the  suture  between  the  frontal  and  eth- 
moid bones. 

Glandulosum    Mor- 
gagni. 

See  Foramen  cecum  (of  tongue). 

Of  Huschke. 

A  perforation  often  found  near  the  inner  extremity  of  the  tym- 
panic plate  ;  it  is  due  to  an  arrest  of  development. 

Connects  the  glenoid  fossa  of  the  tem- 
poral bone  with  the  external  auditory 

Illf.ltUS. 

Incisive. 

See  Incisor 

Incisor. 

Aperture  of  the  incisor  canal  in  the  alveolar  margin. 

Nerves  and  vessels  to  the  incisor 
teeth. 

Infra-maxillary. 

The  inferior  dental  canal,  q.  v.,  under  Canal. 

Infra-orbital. 

In   the   superior   maxilla,  the   external  aperture  of  the  infra- 
orbital canal. 

The  infraorbital  nerve  and  artery. 

Infra-pubic. 

See  Obturator. 

Innominate. 

Temporal  bone. 

The  Vidian  nerve. 

Intercarpal. 

The  carpus  of  batrachians. 

Interclinoid. 

A   canal   formed   by   an    anomalous    process,   connecting   the 
middle  and  posterior  clinoid  processes  of  the  sphenoid. 

Intermaxillary. 

See  Incisor. 

Interorbital. 

In  birds,  a  space  in  the  bony  plate  separating  the  orbits. 

Intervertebral,    ante- 
rior. 

The  aperture  formed  by  the  notches  opposite  to  each  other  in 
the  laminae  of  adjacent  vertebrae. 

The  spinal  nerves  and  vessels. 

Intervertebral,     poste- 
rior. 

The  space  between  the  articular  processes  of  adjacent  verte- 
brae, except  the  first  cervical. 

Ischiadic,  major. 

See  Sacro-scialic,  great. 

Ischiadic,  middle 

An  open  space  left  between  an  anomalous  and  the  normal  sacro- 
spinal ligament. 

Ischiadic,    minor    or 
small. 

See  Sacro-sciatic,  smatt. 

Ischio-pubic. 

See  Obturator. 

Jugular. 

See  Lacerated,  posterior. 

Jugular,  spurious. 

An  anomalous  opening  in  the  squamous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone. 

A  vessel  that  connects  the  external  jug- 
ular vein  with  an  intracranial  vessel. 

Lacerated,  anterior. 

See  Sphenoid  fissure. 

Lacerated,  inferior. 

See  Spheno-maxillary  fissure. 
See  Lacerated,  posterior. 

Lacerated,  jugular. 

Lacerated,  middle. 

An  irregular  aperture  between  the  apex  of  the  petrous  por- 
tion of  the  temporal  bone  and  the  body  and  great  wing   of 
the  sphenoid,  and  the  basilar  process  of  the  occipital  bone. 

The  carotid  artery  and  the  large 
superficial  petrosal  nerve. 

Lacerated,  orbital. 

The  Sphenoid  Fissure,  q.  v. 

Lacerated,  posterior. 

The  space  formed  by  the  jugular  notches  of  the  occipital  and 
temporal  bones,  divided  into  two  portions. 

The  posterior  portion,  the  internal 
jugular  vein  ;  the  anterior  portion, 
the  9th,  ioth,  and  nth  cranial  nerves, 
and  the  inferior  petrosal  sinus. 

Lacerated,  superior. 

See  Sphenoid  fissure. 

Of  Magendie. 

An  orifice  in  the  membranous  roof  of  the  fourth  ventricle. 

Magnum. 

See  Magnum  occipitale. 

FORAMINA  186  FORAMINA 

1  A 1 ; I  1     I  '1     1  ■'  IRAMINA. — Continti 


4B. 

Transmi  is. 

'.: 

trail)    placed    in   the  lower    and 

air. 

The  spinal  cord  ami  its  membranes; 
the  spinal  accessory  nerves;  the  ver- 
tebral .ii  t«  i  ■• 

M 

The  m 

Nerves  and  \  • 

..-/. 

•id. 

ill  foramen  behind  the  mastoid  process. 

A  small  artery  from  the  dura;  a  vein 
opening  into  the  lateral  sinus. 

nor. 

rior. 

.;/. 

iry,  inferior. 

i  ior. 

M 

Denial,  inferior. 

superior. 

See  Canal,  Denial,  ; 

• 

See  Lacerated,  middle. 

Use  spinalis. 

See  Vertebral. 

.XXX. 

-   ■  ■  -  ■      —  ■  ■ 

Vutrient. 

per- 
il I. 

See  '  'ertebral. 

Of  Meibomius. 

See  Cecum  (of  the  tongue). 

-;eal. 

An  anomalous  opening  in  the  squamous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone. 

A  branch  of  the  middle  meningeal 
artery. 

tal. 

A  foramen  in  the  inferior  maxilla,  external  to  the  incisive  fossa, 
midway  1                 the  upper  and  lower  borders  of  the  bone, 
and  in  the  interval  between  the  two  bicuspid  teeth. 

Mental  nerve  and  vessels. 

Of  Monro. 

An  opening  behind  the  anterior  pillars  of  the  fornix  through 
which  the  lateral   ventricle  of  the  brain  communicates  with 
the  third  ventricle. 

The  choroid  plexus. 

•,  anterior  of. 

See  Foramen  of  Monro. 

The  primitive  foramen  that  connects  the  third  with  the  lateral 
ventricle  of  the  brain. 

;agni's. 

See  (                     tongue). 

Small  canals  that  perforate  the  nasal  bones. 

Vessels  and  nerves. 

Nun 

nnecting  the  medullary  cavity  of  the  bone  with 
its  external  surfai 

The  nutrient  vessels. 

Nutrient  (offer 

The  aperture  near  the  upper  part  of  the  linea  aspera  of  the 

nir. 

Nutrient  artery. 

Nutrient 

below  the  middle  of  the  humerus. 

The  nutrient  artery. 

Nutri 

The  aperture  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the  radius. 

The  nutrient  artery. 

Nutrient  fof  uh 

The  aperture  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the  ulna. 

The  nutrient  arterv. 

Obturator. 

The                                                          ii   the  ischium  and   the  pubis, 
internal  and  inferior  to  the  acetabulum  ;  it  is  partly  closed  in 
fibrous  m 

( Ibturator  vessels  and  nen  • 

lital. 

ccipital. 
tale. 
pupil. 

imina  in  the  crihr;                           the  ethmi 

■ 

pitale,  magnum. 

Rays  of  1 

■  i  - 

communication  ;ties  of  tl  r  and 


FORAMINA  1-7  FORAMINA 

I  Al:l  E  01     1  ORAMINA.— Contim 


Name. 

LOCATH 

Transmits. 

( Omental,    lcssii    oi 

small. 

Foramen  of  II  'insl< 

Oiides. 

See  Obturatoi . 

Optii  . 

I  hi  i  anal  al  tb<  apex  ■  ■!  the  orbit,  the  ant<               mination  of 
the  optie  groove,  jusi  beneath  the  lesser  wing  of  the  sph(  u ■ . i > ': 
bone. 

Optic  nerve;  ophthalmic  artery. 

Optic  (of  the  choroid). 

The  choroid. 

The  optic   nerve-fibers  pass  through 
this   to  their  expansion    in   t! 
tina. 

Optic  (of  the-  set*  >  a) 

The  sclerotic  coat  of  thf 

The  optic  nerve. 

Orbital,  anterior  inter-     See  Ethmoid,  anterior. 
nal. 


Orbital,  internal. 


Orbital,  superior. 


Ossis  pubis. 


Oval  (of  the  heart). 


Oval  (of  the  hip). 

Oval    (of    innominate 
bone). 


See  Canal,  Ethmoid,  ant,  i 


See  Supraorbital. 


See  Obturator. 


See  Foramen  </  Botal. 


See  Obturator. 


See  Obturator. 


Oval  (of  the  sphenoid).     An   ovoid    aperture   near  the    posterior  margin  of  the  great 
wing  of  the  sphenoid. 


Pacchionian. 


The  depressions  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  skull. 


Palatine,  anterior. 


See  Canal,  Incisor. 


Palatine,   great   poste- 
rior. 


Palato-maxillary. 


Of  Panizza. 


Papillaria. 


Parietal. 


Pelvic,  large. 


Pneumatic. 


The  Posterior  palatine  canal,  q.  v. 


The  inferior  maxillary  division  of  the 
trigeminal  nerve;  the  small  menin- 
geal artery  ;  occasionally,  the  small 
petrosal  nerve. 


For  the  Pacchionian  bodies. 


See  Canal,  Palato-maxillary . 


The  communication  between  the  right  and  left  aortic  arches  of 
reptiles. 


The  opening  of  the  uriniferous  tubules  at  the  apices  of  the  pyra- 
mids of  Malpighi. 


Near  the  posterior  superior  angle  of  the  parietal  bone  ;  incon- 
stant. 


Blood. 


trine. 


See  Obturator. 


Posterior. 


Postglenal. 


Postglenoid. 


Postpalatine. 


Pre-acetabular. 


In  birds,  a  large  aperture  near  one  end  of  the  long  pneumatic 
bones  communicating  with  the  interior. 

See  Lacerated,  posterior. 


See  Postglenoid. 


In  comparative  anatomy,  an  opening  immediately  posterior  to 
lli     loot  of  the  zygoma. 


The  Posterior  palatine  canal,  q.  v. 


In  tin-  Cheiroptera,  an  opening  formed  by  a  process  extending 
from  the  ilio-pectineal  eminence  to  the  anterior  extremity  of 
the  ilium 


Pro  sinu  petroso  infe-     An  anomalous  roundish  opening  formed  by  adjacent  portions 
riore.  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone  and  the  occipital 

bom 


Profundum. 


See  Her  ad  infundibulum. 


Pterygo-palatine. 


Quadrate. 


The  external  aperture  of  the  pterygo-palatine  canal. 


An  emissary  vein  of  the  superior 
longitudinal  sinus;  occasionally  a 
small  branch  of  the  occipital  artery. 


Permits  the  entrance  of  air. 


The  infei  -al  sinus. 


Repugnatoria. 


-ro-palatine   vessels  :   pharyngeal 

1RT 


The  diaphragm. 


The  inferior  vena  cava. 


In  Cheilognatha,  apertures  of  cutaneous  glands  on  each  side 
of  the  bark,  in  rows. 


Secrete  a  defensive  corrosive  fluid. 


FORAMIN  \  l—  Fl  IRAMINA 

l.\l;ll     01    FORAMINA.— Continued, 


N  IME. 

1          ITION. 

Transmits. 

Retina 

3 

Of  Rivini. 

Aii  opening  in  the  tympanum,  the  existence  of  which  is  dis- 
pute 

Rotundum. 

Round 

ii  opening  in  the  great  wing  of  the  sphenoid  bono. 

The  superior  division  of  the  fifth 
nerve. 

On  .interior  sui                tacrum,  connecting  with  sacral  canal. 

The  anterior  branches  of  sacral  nerves. 

on  r::  . 

The  posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum,  external  to  the  articular 
pr< 

val  space  between  the  lesser  sacro-sciatic  ligament  and 
the  innominate  bone. 

Post  rior  branches  of  sacral  nerves. 

1  reat. 

The  pyriformis  muscle,  the  gluteal, 
sciatic,  and  pudic  vessels  and  n< 

tic,  small. 

The   space   included   between    the   greater  and    lesser   sacro-     Internal  obturator  muscle;   the  inter- 
sciatic  ligaments  and  the    portion  of    the    innominate   bone       nal  pudic  vessels  and  nerves. 
between  the  spine  ami  tuberosity  ot  the  ischium. 

Saphei 

See  Saph*  i               '.'"A'- 

The  supra-scapular  notch,  when  it  is  converted  into  a  foramen 
by  a  ligamentous  or  bony  structure. 

.!ar. 

Suprascapular  nerve  and  artery. 

Bony  canals  opening  into  the  incisor  canal.                                          The  naso-palatine  nerves. 

Sclerotic,  anterior. 

The  opening  in  the  sclerotic  which  is  filled  in  by  the  cornea. 

Sclerotic,  posterior. 

See  Optic  (of  the  sclera). 

Of  Soemmering. 

See  Fovea  centralis,  and  Central  (of  the  retina). 

Spheno-frontal. 

In  the  cartilaginous  basis  of  the  skull,  between  the  labyrinths 
of  the  ethmoid  and  the  alse  parvae  of  the  sphenoid  and  the 
anterior  sphenoid. 

Sphenoidal,  anterior. 

A  rare  anomalous   opening  in  the   pterygoid   process  of  the 
sphenoid  bone. 

The  internal  maxillary  artery. 

Branches  from  Meckel's  ganglion  ;  the 
nasal  branch  of  the  internal  maxil- 
lary artery. 

Spheno-palatine. 

The  space  between  the  sphenoid  and  orbital  processes  of  the 
palate  and  sphenoid  spongy  bone;    it   opens    into  the    nasal 
cavity. 

S|>heno-spinosum. 

See  Spinosum. 

Spinal. 

ertebral. 

Spinosum. 

The  great  wing  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  near  its  posterior  angle.     The  middle  meningeal  artery. 

Spondli. 

See  Spheno-frontal. 

Of  Stensen. 

See  Canal,  Incisor. 

Sternal. 

Near  the  inferior  termination  of  the  sternum  ;  inconstant.              Vessel. 

Stylo-mastoid. 

Between  the  styloid  and   mastoid  processes  of  the   temporal 
bone,  constituting  the   external  aperture  of  the    aqueduct  of 
Fallopius. 

Facial  nerve  ;  stylo-mastoid  artery. 

rbital. 

Subsacral. 


Th 


the  anterior  end  of  the  infraorbital  canal. 


Infraorbital  artery  and  nerve. 


Supersacral. 


Supra  ■ 


icral,  anterior. 
See  Sacral,  posterior. 


^trochlear. 


Supra-orbital. 


A  notch  in  the  superior  orbital   margin  at   the   junction  of  the 
middle    with   the   inner  third,   sometimes   converted    into    a 
foramen  by  a  bony  process  or  a  ligamentous  band.     It  is  the 
e  in  the  upper  wall  of  the  orbit. 


Supra-orbital     artery,    veins,     and 
nerve. 


Supratrochlear. 


Of  Tarintis. 


The  thin  plate  of  bone  between  the  olecranon  and  the  coronoid 
the  humerus  ;  inconstant. 


illopii,  q.  v. 


Of  Thebcsius. 


Thyreoid. 


Small  depressions  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  heart,  especially 
in  the  right  auricle. 


Thyroid. 


Some  of  these  are  cul-de-sacs  ;  others 
are  the  mouths  of  the  venae  minima: 
cordis. 


FORAMINA  i-:.  FOR<  EPS 

TAB!  I     I  'I-    FORAMINA— Continu 


Name. 

Location. 

Transmits. 

Thyroid. 

i.  A  foramen  in  the  ala  of  the  thyroid  cartilage,  more  <>r  less 
completely  covered  bj  perichondrium.                     turator. 

Trachelian. 

1  'ertebrartei  nil. 

Transverse. 

See  Vertebrarterial. 

Venae  cavae. 

See  Quadrat,-. 

Venae  saphenae. 

aphenous  Opening. 

Venosum. 

See  Quadrate. 

Vertebral. 

The  space  in<  luded  between  the  body  and  arch  of  a  vertebra 

■  land  its  appendages. 

Vertebrarterial. 

Tin-    foramina    in    the  transverse   processes  of  the  cervical 
vertebrae. 

Vertebral  artery  and  vein. 

Vesalius. 

A  minute  inconstant    aperture   at  the  root  of  the  pterygoid 
process  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

A  small  vein. 

Vicq  d'Azyr's. 

See  Fur  amen  cecum,  anterior  and  posterior. 



Vidian. 

See  Canal,  I  'idian. 

Of  the  vomer. 

The  posterior  aperture  of  the  canal  of  the  vomer. 

OfWinslow. 

An  aperture  situated  between  the  liver  and  stomach,  bounded 
in  front  by  the  portal  vein,  hepatic  artery  and  duct,  behind, 
by  the  inferior  vena  cava,  below,   by  the  hepatic  artery    and 
above,  by  the  liver.     It  is  formed  by  folds  of  the   peritoneum, 
and  establishes  communication  between  the  greater  and  lesser 
cavities  of  the  peritoneum. 

Zygomatic,  anterior. 

See  Zy  gomatico-facial. 

Zygomatic,  external. 

See  Zygomaticofacial. 

Zygomatic,  internal. 

See  Zygomatico-temporal. 

Zygomatic,  posterior. 

See  Zygomatico-temporal. 

Zygomatic,  superior. 

See  Zygomatico-temporal. 

Zygomatic,  temporal. 

See  Zygomatico-temporal. 

Zygomaticofacial. 

The  aperture  of  the  malar  canal  on  the  facial  surface  of  the 
malar  bone. 

Malar    division    of   temporo-malar 
branch  of  superior  maxillary  nerve. 

Zygomatico-temporal. 

The  external  aperture  of  the  malar   canal,  on    the   temporal     Malar   division    of    temporo-m  al  ar 
surface  of  the  malar  bone.                                                                         branch  of  superior  maxillary  nerve. 

Foraminated  ( fo-ram' '-in-a-ted ')  [foramen,  an  open- 
ing].     Containing  foramina. 

Foraminiferous  (fo-ram-in-if'-er-us).  Same  as  For- 
aminated. 

Forbes,  Micrococcus  of.  See  Bacteria,  Synonymatic 
Table  of.    F.,  Operation  of.    See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Force  ( fors)  [fortis,  strong].  That  which  produces  or 
arrests  motion.  The  rate  of  transformation  of  energy 
in  time.  Whatever  may  be  converted  into  motion 
(Robert  Mayer). 

Forced  (forst)  [for//s,  strong].  Accomplished  by 
an  unusual  exertion  of  force.  F.  Feeding.  SeeSur- 
alimentation  and  Feeding. 

Forceps  (for'-seps)  [forceps,  a  pair  of  tongs].  An 
instrument  with  two  blades  and  handles  for  purposes 
of  seizing,  traction,  etc.,  in  surgical,  obstetric,  and 
other  operations.  F.,  Angular,  one  bent  for  introduc 
tion  into  a  canal.  F.,  Arterial,  one  specially  adapted 
for  seizing  an  artery  ;  many  varieties  are  named  after 
inventors.  F.,  Bone,  one  exceptionally  strong,  for 
use  in  operations  upon  bones.  F..  Bull-dog,  a 
forceps  with  sharp  teeth  (as  for  holding  an  arte 
F.,  Bullet,  one  of  peculiar  construction,  to  extract 
bullets.      F.,  Cannula,  long,  slender  forceps  enclosed 


in  a  tube,  that  opens  by  protruding  the  blades.  F., 
Catch,  a  forceps  with  a  catch  on  the  handle.  F., 
Craniotomy,  the  halves  are  crossed  and  adapted  to 
embryotomy.  F.,  Dental,  adapted  for  extraction  of 
teeth.  This  was  probably  among  the  first,  and,  per- 
haps, almost  the  only  instrument  employed  for  the 
extraction  of  teeth,  until  the  invention  of  (larengeot, 
in  the  earlv  part  of  the  eighteenth  century.  But  from 
the  time  of  Celsus,  down  to  this  period,  the  for 
used  for  the  extraction  of  teeth  were  so  rude  in 
their  construction  and  so  illy  adapted  for  the  purpose, 
that  for  the  removal  of  the  molar  teeth  the  employ- 
ment of  the  key-instrument  became  general,  both 
among  dentists  and  physicians.  At  the  present 
time,  however,  forceps  have  been  so  greatly  im- 
proved that  the  key  is  but  little  used.  F.,  Duck- 
bill. See  Duckbill.  F.,  Ectropion,  adapted  foi 
seizing  the  lid  in  operations  for  ectropion.  F.,  Gouge, 
cutting  forceps  for  operations  upon  bone.  F.,  Hem- 
ostatic, a  forceps  for  controlling  hemorrhage.  F., 
Iridectomy,  a  delicate  forceps  for  seizing  the  iris. 
F.,  Midwifery,  or  Obstetric,  a  forceps  for  grasping 
the  fetal  head  in  difficult  labor  and  by  traction  aiding 
its   exit;   there   is  a  great  number  of   varieties.      F., 


F(      C I B  LI 


190 


FORNICA  I  i: 


Rat-toothed,  a  tim  in  the  removal 


Simpson's  Obstetric  Forceps. 
With  Poulk-t  Tape-attachment  for  Axis-traction. 

ir  other  foreign  bodies,  from  wounds.     F., 
Spring,  same  .1-  /■ . .  ditch. 
Forcible   1  forr-sib-l\  [/  ing].     With    force  or 

F.  Extension.  ion. 

Forcipate,    Forcipated  (  for'-sip-at,  -a-ted)    [for 

forceps].     In  biology,  forceps  like. 
Forcipressurc  '-ur)   [/  >    pair  of 

tor  .  a  pressing].      1  t  of  a  minor 

bing  tin-  end  of  the  divided  v  • 
with  a  pair  .  the  pressure  being  kept 

up  :  urs. 

Fore  '■':  i  re].      Applii  d  to  the  part 

F.-arm,  that  part  of  the  arm 
n  the  wrist  and  the  elbow.     F. -brain,  the  ai 
rior  of  the  encephalic  vesicles  into  which   the  primary 
mi  ivides  at  an  early  stage ;  at 

alal  ilon.    F. -finger,  the  index 

finger.     F.-foot,  ti  fore-limb.     F. -front, 

1.     F.-gut,  the  cavity  in  the  raised  ceph- 
ali.  idgut.     'I  he 

rudimentary  pharynx  and  duodenum,  with  the  inter- 
future   alimentary  1  anal,  are 
uded  iii  F.-head,   that    pari  of  the 

hair  ab 
F.-limb,  the  pectoral 
limb    of    an    animal.      F.-milk.      1  trum, 

the  mill 
•  at  any  one  milking.      It  than 

F.-skin. 

the 

F. -waters 


Foreign  [Ml    .   form,  foreign].      Alien;  ex- 

otic;  not  native;   irrelevant.     F.  Body,  a   substance 
in  a  wound,  organ,  or  cavity  not  normally  present. 

Forensic  (for-en'-sik)  [forensis,  belonging  to  the 
forum].  Pertaining  to  a  court  of  law.  In  medicine, 
that  part  of  the  science  connected  with  judicial  in- 
quiry.     Also,  mi  dual  jurisprudence. 

Forest's  Method.     See  Artificial  Respiration. 

Forficate  k-Ot)   [/or/   \.   scissors].      In  biology, 

deepl\  forked, 

Fork  [ME.,  fork,  a  fork].  A  name  frequently  given 
to  the  space  between  the  thighs. 

Form  [  forma,  shape].  The  external  shape  <>r  config- 
uration of  the  body,  or  of  a  part  of  a  body. 

Formaldehyd  i  form-aP -de-hld)  [formica,  an  ant  ; 
aldehyd].     Formic  aldehyd      See  Aldekyd,  Formic. 

Formalin  [for/-mal-in)  [formica,  an  ant],  HCOH. 
A  proprietary  germicide  composed  of  a  40  per  cent, 
solution  of  formaldehyd.      Unof. 

Formanilid  (  form-an' '-il-id  )  [formica,  an  ant  ;  anilin\, 
CjH.NO.  A  substance  obtained  on  digesting  anihn 
with' formic  acid,  or  by  rapidly  heating  anilin  with 
oxalic  acid.  It  consists  ,1  colorless  prisms,  readily 
soluble  in  water,  alcohol,  and  ether,  melting  at  460  C 

Formatio  (  for-ma' -she-d)  [L.].  A  formation.  F. 
reticularis,  the  intercrossing  of  the  fibers  of  the  ante- 
rior columns  in  the  medulla. 

Formative  [form* -at-iv)  [formare,  to  form].  Plastic: 
molding.  F.  Cell,  a  large  spheric,  refractive  cell  be- 
neath the  hypoblast, 

Formic  Acid  (  for'-mik).     See  Acid. 

Formicant  (  for'-mik-ant)  [formicare,  to  crawl  like  an 
ant].  Creeping,  or  1110.  ing  with  a  small  and  feeble  ac- 
tion ;  applied  to  the  pulse  when  it  is  unequal  and  scarcely 
perceptible. 

Formication  ifor-mik-a' 'shun)  [formica,  an  ant].  A 
sensation  like  that  produced  by  ants  or  other  insects 
crawling  upon  the  skin.  F.,  Cocain.  See  Cocain- 
i>ii^r. 

Formol  (  for'-mol)  [  formica,  an  ant],  <  1 1  ,<  '.  A  name 
given  to  formic  aldehyd  or  formaldehyd.  It  is  a 
powerful  antiseptic,  ranking  as  one  of  the  best,  but 
its  microbicidal  power  in  a  given  time  is  very  feeble. 

Formula  (form'-u-lah)  [dim.  of  forma,  a  form  :  />/., 
Formula],  A  prescribed  method.  In  pharmacy,  a 
list  of  the  names  and  respective  quantities  of  substances 
entering  into  a  composition.  In  chemistry,  a  method 
of  representing  the  gravimetric  structure  of  a  compound 
by  symbols.  F.,  Constitutional,  or  Rational,  one 
that  indicates  only  the  union  of  individual  atoms, 
such  as  are  especially  characteristic  of  the  compound. 
F.,  Empiric.  See  /■'. ,  Unitary.  F.,  Graphic. 
Same  as  /■'. .  Constitutional.  F.,  Rational.  Same  as 
/•.,  Constitutional.  F.,  Structural, one  that  indicates 
the  complete  grouping  of  all  of  the  atom-,  re|  resenting 
the  whole  chemic  deportmenl  of  a  given  compound, 
F.,  Unitary,  or  Empiric,  one  thai  belongs  to  an  entire 
series  of  bodies  thai  are  isomerii  .  yet  wholly  different, 
and  that  affords  no  hint  as  to  the  1  haractei  of  the  com- 
pound. 
Formulary  (  for' -mu-la-re)  [formula;  dim.  ai  forma, 
form].  F.,  National,  a  collection  of  widely  used 
!  well-known  preparations,  omitted  from  the  U.  S. 
Pharmacopeia,  bul  collected  and  published  by  the 
American  Pharmaceutic  Association. 
Formyl    (  {,•>■' -mil  1    [formica,  the  ant;     vki),  matter], 

<  1 1<  ).     The  radicle  ol  formic  acid. 
Forne's  Method.     See  Anesthetic. 
Forneaux  Jordan's  Operations.  rations. 

Fornicate  (for^-nih-S  I       rnbiology, 

'  ing    fornici  irched.      I mmit    foi 

tion. 


FORNICATION 


191 


FOLK 


Fornication  (for-nih-a'-shun)  [fomicari,  to  forni- 
cate]. The  illicit  sexual  intercourse  ol  an  unmarried 
person  of  cither  -ex  with  another,  whether  married  or 
uot. 

Fornicolumn  [for'-ne-kol-um)  [fornix,  an  arch  ;  col- 
umna,  a  column].  The  anterior  pillar  of  the  fornix, 
one  in  each  hemicerebrum.  It  is  a  bundle  of  fibers 
ascending  from  the  albicans  and  thalamus,  passing 
ju.-t  caudadofthe  precommissure,  forming  the  cephalic 
boundary  of  the  porta,  and  ending  in  the  temporal  lobe.. 

Fornicommissure    [for-ne-kom' '-is-shur)    [fomii . 
arch ;     commissura,    a  commissure],       A    lamina  of 
greater  or  less  thickness  uniting  the  two  hemifornices 
of  the  brain.      It  is  not  a  true  commissure,  nor  even 
fibr<  ius  in  structure. 

Fornicrista  [for-ne-kris' '-tah  ).      See  Crista. 

Fornix  (for' -nibs \  [fornix,  an  arch],  i.  Theproject- 
ing  bundle  of  the  gyrus  hippocampi,  from  which  it 
collects  the  medullated  nerve-fibers  through  the  fim- 
bria. Through  the  fornix  the  transition  from  the 
hemispheres  to  the  dicncephalon  is  established.  2. 
In  biology,  a  vaulted  or  arched  arrangement  or  ap- 
pendage, as  the  scales  in  the  throat  of  some  corollas, 
or  the  hollow  beneath  the  umbo  of  a  bivalve-shell. 
F.  descendens.     See  Bundle  of  Vicq  d'Azyr. 

Forster's  Method.  See  Cataract,  Artificial  Matura- 
tion of.     F.'s,  Operation.     See  Operations.  Table  of. 

Fortification  Spectrum  |  for-tif-ik-a' -shun  spek'-trum). 
Teichopsia ;  the  appearance  of  a  peculiar  subjective 
visual  sensation  in  migraine.  The  luminous  shape  of 
its  outer  edge  assumes  a  zigzag  form,  with  angles  iike 
those  of  a  fortification. 

Fosforus  (  fos'-for-us\.  A  commendable  orthography 
for  phosphorus.  It  has  been  recommended  for  adop- 
tion by  recent  spelling-reformers. 

Fossa  \/'os' -ah)  [fossa,  a  ditch :  pi.,  Fossa"].  A  de- 
pression, furrow,  or  sinus.  F..  Canine,  the  depression 
on  the  external  surface  of  the  superior  maxillary  bone, 
giving  rise  to  the  origin  of  the  levator  anguli  oris  and 
compressor  nasi  muscle-.  F..  Condyloid,  a  fossa 
behind  each  condyle  of  the  occipital  bone.  F.  coro- 
naris,  the  boundary  between  the  disc  and  corona,  in 
Medusa.  F..  Cranial,  any  fossa  of  the  skull.  F., 
Digastric,  a  deep  groove  on  the  inner  aspect  of  the 
mastoid  process  for  the  attachment  of  the  digastric 
muscle.  F.,  Digital,  a  deep  depression  at  the  base 
of  the  inner  surface  of  the  great  trochanter  of  the  femur. 
F.,  Glenoid,  the  fossa  in  the  temporal  bone  that  receh  es 
the  condyle  of  the  lower  jaw.  F.,  Hyaloid,  a  depres- 
sion in  the  anterior  surface  of  the  vitreous  body  for  the 
crystalline  lens.  F.,  Hyoid,  a  small  cavity  external 
to  the  ary-epiglottic  fold  on  either  side  of  the  larynx. 
It  is  also  called  the  Sinus  piriformis.  F.,  Iliac,  the 
smooth  internal  surface  of  the  ilium.  F.,  Incisive, 
a  depression  in  the  superior  maxillary  bone  just  above 
the  incisor  teeth.  F.,  Infraclavicular.  See  F. , 
Mohrenheim's.  F.  innominata.  Same  as  F.  sca- 
phoidea.  F..  Jugular,  a  deep  excavation  in  the  pe- 
trous portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  forming  part  of  the 
posterior  lacerated  foramen.  F.  lachrymalis,  the  de- 
pression in  the  frontal  bone  for  the  reception  of  the 
lachrymal  gland.  F.,  Lenticular.  Same  as  F., 
Hyaloid.  F..  Mohrenheim's,  the  infraclavicular 
fossa  ;  a  triangular  depression  beneath  the  clavicle. 
F.,  Myrtiform.  Same  as  /•'. .  Incisive.  F.,  Nasal, 
the  nostrils.  See  Nasal  /■'■•  see.  F.  navicularis. 
.1/  rgagnVs  fossa,  a  fossa  within  the  penis,  formed  by 
a  dilatation  in  the  spongy  portion  of  the  urethral  pas- 
sage. F..  Occipital,  a  fossa  behind  tin-  condyle  of 
the  occipital  bone.  F..  Olfactory,  the  fossa  in  the 
fetus  that  develops  into  the  nasal  fossa.  F.  ovalis. 
an  oval  <lepre--ion  in  the  right  auricle  of  the  heart.    F., 


Palatine,  the  anterior  palatine  cana!  through 

the  palatine  process  of  the  superior  m     ill  h 

branches  into  tour  compartments,  the  forac 

sen,  and  the-  foramina  of  Scarpa.     F.  patellaris, .. 
pression  on  the  anterior  aspect  of  the-  vitreous  humor  in 
which   rests   the   posterior  surface  of   thi  F., 

Pituitary,  a  depression  below  the  olivary  process 
the  sphenoid  bone  lodging   the    pituitary  body.      F., 
Prepontile,  the  anterior  foramen  caecum.      S<  e  / 
inin, i,  7 able  of .     F.,  Pterygoid,  the  parating 

the  external  and   internal   plates  of  t 

-  <.i  the  sphenoid.      F.  of  Rosenmiiller,  a  dq 
-ion  on  the  ;  i  wall  of  the  naso-pharynx  immedi- 

ately behind  the  Eustachian  orifice.  F.  scaphoidea, 
the  curved  depression  between  the  helix  and  antihelix 
of  the  external  ear.  F.  sigmoidea.  a  deepgroove  on  the 
internal  surface  of  the  mastoid  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone  into  which  the  mastoid  foramen  opens.  F.,  Sphe- 
no-maxillary,  a  triangular  space  at  the  angle  of  the 
spheno-maxillary  and  pterygo-maxillary  fissures.  F., 
Sublingual,  a  depression  on  the  internal  surface  of  the 
inferior  maxillary  bone,  for  containing  the  sublingual 
gland.  F.,  Submaxillary,  the  oblong  depression  on 
the  internal  surface  of  the  inferior  maxillary  bone, 
which  contains  the  submaxillary  gland.  F.,  Sub- 
scapular, a  broad  cavity  on  the  internal  surface  of 
the  scapula.  F. ,  Temporal,  the  fossa  on  either  side  of 
the  head  filled  by  the  temporal  muscle.  It  i~  formed 
by  parts  of  the  frontal,  sphenoid,  parietal,  temporal, 
and  malar  bones.  F.,  Trochanteric.  Same  as  /., 
ital.  F.,  Zygomatic,  a  cavity  below  and  on  the 
inner  side  of  the  zygoma. 

Fosset,  or  Fossette  \  fos-ct' \  [Fr.].  A  dimple  or  small 
depression. 

Fossilin  (  fos'-il-in)  [fossilis,  dug  up].  A  trade-name 
for  a  product  resembling  vaselin. 

Fossula  ( fos'-su-la/i)  [dim.  of  fossa,  a  ditch  :  //.,  Fos- 
sulai].  I.  In  biology,  a  small  fossa.  2.  Any  one  of 
the  numerous  slight  depressions  on  the  surface  of  the 
cerebrum.  F.  olfactoriae,  the  olfactory  depressions 
of  acraspede  medus 

Fothergill's  Disease,  or  Faceache.  See  Diseases, 
Tabic  of.  F.'s  Sore-throat,  a  synonym  of  the  angi- 
noid  variety  of  scarlet  fever  [Scarlatina  anjinosa). 

Foubert's  Test.      See  Death. 

Foudroyancy  {foo-droi'-an-se)  [Fr. ].  The  property  of 
being  foudroyant. 

Foudroyant  ( foo-Jroi'-ant)  [Fr. ].  Sudden  and  over- 
whelming :    fulminant  ;   fulgurant. 

Foul  [Ml    .  foul,  foul].     Filthy:  offensive;  dis- 

gusting.  F.-in-the-foot.  See  F.-r  t.  F.-rot.  an 
inflammatory  disease  of  the  hoofs  of  cattle  ;  it  is  at- 
tended with  suppuration. 

Foulage  (  foo-lahzh'  i  [Fr.  ,'•  fulling,  or  pressing'*].    In 
massage,  a  form  of  manipulation  of  the  tissues. 
Fulling. 

Foulbrood    |  fowF-brood  .     A  contagious  zymotii 
ease    of    the    honey-bee    and    its    larva,    due    to    the 
presence  of  the   Bacillu. 
natic,   1  - 

Foullioy's  Operation. 

Founder  .  to  pour].     Laminitis 

of  the  hoi  t.  with  the  accompanying 

disorder-  ^{  related    parts.      F..  Chest,   founder  in  a 

horse,  marked  or  accompanied  by  atri  i]  ihy  i  ■:  the  chest- 

iiiu- 

Foundling  [Ger. ,  fun  Jen,  found].      An 

abandoned  infant. 

Four(/Vr    [MI  .four].    Twi  F.-drug 

Ointment.      -  F.  Masters. 

Suture  of  the.   -  F. -tailed  Bandage.  See 

Bi I 


FOURCHE1 


19S 


FRAMBESN  »II» 


Fourchet,  or    Fourchette  ')   [It.,  a  fork]. 

i     A  fold  of  mucous  membrane  at  the  posterior  June 
tion  of  the    labia    i  -'     V    forked    instrument 

used  in  division  of  the  frenum  lingu 

Fournier's  Method 

Fovea    |  a  small    pit].     Applied    to 

mai  >sions  in  the  bodj  or  it-  organs,  bul  more 

ticularly  to  th  ,  a  little  pit  in 

the  .     i  opposite  the  visual  axis,  the  spot  «>i 

distinctesl  vision,  where  the  retinal  cones  arc  massed 

r  and  the  rods  and  some  other  parts  are  absent. 

[t  is  nter  of  the  cornea.    F.  hemiellip- 

tica,    recessus  ellipticus ;  sinus    semiovalis ;   a   small 

.  the  inner  wall  of  the  labyrinth,  between  the 

.1  hemispherica  and  the  orifices  of  the  semicircular 

F.    hemispherica.    recessus    sphericus;  a 

depression   in  the   forepart  of  the  inner  wall  of   the 

labyrinth. 

Fove'ate  small   pit].      In  biology, 

defj.lv  pitted. 
Foveola  ,  a  small  pit].     I. 

A  small  pit  01  depression.      2.    The  depression  at  the 
summit  of  each  papilla  of  the  kidney.      F.  coccygea, 

ression — a  congenital  defect — a  little  ab 
the  anus  and  at  the  apex  of  the  coccyx.     It  is  due 
I   development.      F.  inguinalis,  a  some- 
what  funnel-shaped   depression   in   the   external    in- 
guinal  fossa.      It  is  open  in  fetal  life,  and  is  the  ab- 
dominal end  of  the  inguinal  canal,  through  which  the 
1.        F.    radialis.       See    Anatomist' $ 
S>: 
Fovilla  ih)  [fovere,  to  warm,  to  cherish:    pi. , 

].  In  biology,  the  protoplasmic  contents  of  a 
pollen-grain. 
Fowler's  Method.  A  method  of  estimating  the  amount 
of  urea  in  the  urine.  It  consists  in  mixing  one  volume 
of  the  urine  with  seven  volumes  of  liquor  sodae  chlo- 
rate U.  S  P.)  and  comparing  the  specific  gravity 
before  and  al  nee.    See  Urea.    F.'s  Solu- 

tion.    £  nic. 

Fox's  Apparatus.    An  apparatus  for  treating  fracture  of 
the  clavicle.      It  consists  of  a  pad  in  the  axilla  with  a 
>ory  apparatus  from  the  opposite  shoulder. 
Fox-glove  See  Digitalis. 

Foxination  n-a'-shuri).      See  Hypnotism. 

Fractional  |  frak' -shun-ai)  [fractio,  a  breaking],     I'er- 
taining  to  fractions.      F.  Cultivation,  the  isolation  of 
one  variety  of  microorganism  from  a  mixture  oi  several, 
in  order  tostudy  or  cultivate  it.      This  is  done  by  at- 
tenuation oi  dium  so  that  a  drop  will  probably 
contain  but  line  organism.      Distilled   water   was  first 
the  attenuating  medium,  but  gelatinized  media 
now   used.      Brefeld   and    Nageli    suggested   the 
procedure,  and   Lister  isolated  the  first  microbe,  the 
/>'<;  illu    la  in.     F.  Distillation.  See  Dis- 
tills 
Fractionation                   tn-a'-shun)   \_fractio,  a  break- 
ing ].                         iration  by  sui  perations. 
Fractura  [frak  tur'-ah)  [L.].     A  fracture.    F.  dentis, 

fractun  ith. 

Fracture  fur)    [  .to  break]. 

The  breaking  ol   a   bone,  either  by  external  force,  or 
bj  m  of  the  mu  b  idy.      Applied 

the  breakinj  F.,  Barton's, 

an  oblique  fracture  ol  thelowerem  radius,  begin- 

ning on  the  articulating  surface.      F.-bed,  a  doubly 
inclined  pla  in  the  treatment  of  fractiu 

hip.    F.-box  box  with  noend  r,  used  in 

immobilization  of  fractured  bones.    F.,  Capillary, 
isisting  of  only  a  fi  F.,  Commi- 

nuted, with  shatterii  F.,  Colles',  one  of 

the  lower  endof  the  radius   with  displacement  back- 


ward.    F.,  Complete,  entirely  through  the  bone.     F. 


Comminuted  Fracture  of  Claviclb.    {Moultin.) 

Complicated,  with  injury  of  adjacent  parts.  F., 
Compound,  with  a  communicating  wound  of  the  skin. 
F.,  Depressed,  with  depression  of  the  fractured  part 
below  the  normal  level,  as  in  fracture  of  the  skull.  F., 
Double,  one  bone  is  fractured  in  two  places.  F., 
Dupuytren's,  fracture  of  the  fibula,  with  retraction 
and  displacement  outward,  and  with  laceration  of  the 
ligaments  of  the  foot.  F.,  Epiphyseal,  with  separa- 
tion of  the  epiphysis  of  a  bone.     F.,  Greenstick,  one 


Greenstick  Fracture  ok  the  Radius.    (Mont/in.) 

side  of  the  bone  is  broken,  the  other  bent.  F.,  Im- 
pacted, with  forcible  compression  of  the  fragments 
into  each  other.  F.,  Moore's,  fracture  of  the  lower 
endof  the  radius,  with  laceration  of  the  internal  lateral 
ligament  and  detachment  of  the  triangular  interarticu- 
lar  cartilage,  which  allows  of  the  dislocation  of  the 
head  of  the  ulna  and  the  imprisonment  of  the  styloid 
process  under  the  annular  ligaments.  F.,  Pott's,  same 
as  /. ,  Dupuytren's,  but  without  laceration  of  the  in- 
ferior tibio-fibular  ligaments.  F.,  Shepherd's,  a  frac- 
ture of  the  astragalus,  the  outer  projecting  edge  being 
detached.  F.,  Simple,  without  rupture  of  the  over 
lying  skin  or  mucous  membrane.  F.,  Smith's,  frac- 
ture of  the  lower  end  of  the  radius,  from  a  quarter  of 
an  inch  to  an  inch  from  the  articular  surface.  F., 
Spontaneous,  with  but  a  slight  force  to  cause  it,  as 
wdien  there  is  disease  of  the  bone. 

Fraenulum  (  fren'-u-luni).     See  Frenulum. 

Frsenum  {fre'-num).     See  Frenum. 

Fragilitas  (fraj-il'-it-as)  [L.].  lirittleness.  In  phy- 
siology, a  want  of  flexile  strength.  F.  crinium,  an 
atrophic  condition  of  the  hair  in  which  the  individual 
hairs  split  into  numerous  fibrillse,  the  cleavage  in  many 
cases  being  recognizable  as  far  as  to  the  roots,  the 
fibrils  often  curling  in  several  turns  away  from  the 
axis  of  the  shaft.  F.  ossium,  abnormal  brittleness 
of  the  bones. 

Fragmentation  (frag-men-tal -shun)  [fragmentum,  a 
piece].  The  subdivision  into  fragments;  the  separa- 
tion of  certain  form-  of  bacilli,  or  other  microdrgan 
isms,  into  joints  which  become  new  individuals  ;  the 
division  or  segmentation  of  a  cell.  F.  of  Calculi, 
Spontaneous,  the  exfoliation  and  breaking  up  of  a 
calculus  by  the  action  of  the  uric  acid  or  other  morbid 
products  in  the  bladdi  I 

Frambesia  (  fram-b  '  e-aK)  [frambcesia,  raspberry]. 
Yaws;  Pian;  Amboyna  button;  Parangi ;  Coco; 
Endemic  Verrugas.  A  tropical  contagious  diseas 
the  skin,  of  long  duration,  characterized  by  dirty  or 
liii -In  red  raspberrj  like  tubercles,  appearing  usuallj 
on  tli'-  face,  io<  -.  and  genital  organ.-.  It  i-  in  isl  fre 
quent  in  young  colored  people. 

Frambesial  (  fram  be'  ze-al)  \  frambcesia,&  raspberry], 
Resembling,  or  pertaining  to  frambesia. 

Frambesioid  (  fram  i  i[  frambcesia,  a  raspbei  r) ; 

if,  likeness].       Resembling  frambesia,  or  one  of  its 
tubercles. 


FRANCHIM0N1  S    1  KS  T 


493 


I RENCH 


Franchimont's  Test.     Sec  Tests,  Table  of. 

Francis'  Test.     See   lests,   Tab/, 

Franciscea  (  fran-sis'-e-afc).     See  Manaca. 

Franck's  Pill.  A  purgative  pill  containing  aloes  4, 
rhubarb  2,  syrup  of  absinthe,  </.  s. 

Franco's  Operations.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Frangible  (  fran'  /'/'/<  /)  [frang  .  to  break].  Liable 
to  fracture;   breakable. 

Frangula  1  prang*  gu-lah)  [origin  uncertain].  The  bark 
(one  year  old)  of  Rhamnus  frangula,  or  alder  buck- 
thorn. The  fresh  bark  is  a  violent  irritant  ;  the  old  bark  is 
anon-irritant  purgative  much  used  in  the  constipation  of 
pregnancy.  Ext.  Rhamni  Frang.  (B.  P.).  D 
gr.  xv-^j.  F.,  Ext.,  Fid.  Dose  Jss-ij.  Ext. 
Rham.  Frang.  Liq.  (B.  P.).      Dose  3J-iv. 

Frangulin  (  prang* -gu-liri) [origin  uncertain],*   ,J  1 
Rhamnoxanthin  ;    a  lemon-yellow,  crystalline,  odor- 
less,  and  tasteless  glucosid  found  in  Buckthorn. 

Frank  [ME.,  frank, open].  <  )f  a  benign  or  favorable 
tendency  ;  as  a  frank  inflammation  ;  sometimes  also 
applied  to  remedies,  in  a  similar  sense. 

Frank's   Operation.      See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Frankel's  Apparatus.  A  pneumatic  apparatus.  F.'s 
Pneumobacillus.    See  Bacteria,  Synonymatic  Table. 

Frankenhauser,  Ganglion  of.  See  Ganglia,  Table 
of.  F.'s  Micrococcus.  The  micrococcus  of  perni- 
cious anemia.     See  Bacteria,  Synonymatic  Table  of. 

Frankenia  (  frang-ke'-ne-ah)  [after  Johann  Franke], 
A  genus  of  heath-like  herbs  and  undershrubs.  F. 
grandiflora,  of  California,  called  Verba  rheuma,  i^ 
astringent,  and  is  a  popular  remedy  for  nasal,  urethral 
and  vaginal  catarrhs.  F.  portulacifolia,  of  St. 
Helena,  has  been  used  as  a  substitute  for  tea.  Other 
species  of  the  genus  are  aromatic  and  stimulant.    Unof. 

Frankfort  Black.  See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  F. 
Plane.     See  Plane. 

Frankincense  ( frangk1 -in-sens)  \_francum  incensum, 
pure  incense].  A  name  given  to  a  variety  of  resinous 
aromatic  substances,  especially  the  exudation  of  Abies 
excelsa ;  the  term  was  originally,  and  properly,  the 
same  as  olibanum.  It  is  the  concrete  turpentine 
scraped  off  the  trunks  of  Pinus  australis  and  P.  tceda. 
It  is  used  externally  as  a  slight  stimulant  and  is  con- 
tained in  Emplastruni  pic  is  (B.  P.). 

Frankland's  Artificial  Human  Milk.  A  nutritious 
preparation  made  from  cow's  milk  as  follows: — Allow 
Y^  of  a  pint  of  new  milk  to  stand  12  hours;  remove 
the  cream,  and  mix  it  with  %  of  a  pint  of  perfectly 
fresh  cow's  milk.  Take  the  milk  from  which  the 
cream  was  removed,  and  put  into  it  a  piece  of  rennet 
about  an  inch  square  (fluid  rennet  may  be  employed). 
Keep  the  vessel  containing  it  in  a  warm  place,  until 
the  milk  is  fully  curdled,  an  operation  requiring  from 
5  to  15  minutes  according  to  the  activity  of  the  rennet. 
Break  up  the  curd  repeatedly,  and  carefully  separate 
the  whole  of  the  whey,  which  should  then  be  rap- 
idly heated  to  boiling  in  a  small  tin-pan  placed  overa 
spirit-lamp  or  gas-lamp.  During  the  heating  a  further 
quantity  of  casein,  technically  called  "  fleetings,"  sepa- 
rates, and  must  be  removed  by  straining  through  clean 
muslin.  Now  dissolve  no  grains  of  powdered  sugar  of 
milk  in  the  hot  whey,  and  mix  it  with  %  of  a  pint  of 
new  milk  to  which  the  cream  from  the  other  fluid  has 
already  been  added.  The  artificial  milk  should  be  used 
within  12  hours  of  its  preparation.  F.'s  Method,  a 
method  of  estimating  the  quantity  of  organic  matter 
present  in  water.  The  organic  carbon  is  oxidized  and 
obtained  as  CO.,,  and  the  organic  nitrogen  is  liberated 
in   the  free  gaseous  state  and  measured. 

Franklin  [frangk'-Zin)  [from  Benjamin  Franklin],  A 
unit  of  static  or  frictional  electricity.  F.  Spectacles. 
See  Bifocal. 


Franklinic  [frangk-lin' '-ik)  [from  B.  Franklin],  fric- 
tional.     F.  Electricity,  static  or  frictional  electricity. 

Franklinism  1  frangk* -lin-izm).  Same  as  Frankliniza- 
tion. 

Franklinization  [frangk-lin-i  a'-shun)  [after  B. 
Franklin].  1  he  therapeutic  use  of  frictional  or  static 
electricity. 

Frasera  (fra'-zer-ah).      See  American  Columbo. 

Fraserin  (  fraf -zer-iri)  [after  John  Fraser,  an  English 
botanist].  A  precipitate  from  a  tincture  of  the  root 
of  Frasera  carolinensis ;  it  is  atonic,  stimulant,  and 
mildly  astringent.      I  )ose  I  to  3  grains.      Unof. 

Fraunhofer's  Lines.    See  Absorption,  and  Lines  Table. 

Fraxin  (fraks'-in)  [fraxinus,  an  ash-tree],  <    ,11 
A  glucosid  from  the  bark  of  certain   species  of  ash 
1  Fraxinus  <  .  et< .).      It  forms  fine,  white,  four- 

sided  prisms,  of  a  bitter  taste.      It  has  been  proposed 
as  a  remedy  for  gout,  rheumatism,  etc. 

Fraxinus  (  Irak  -in' '-us)  [L. ,"  ash-tree."].  A  genus 
of  trees,  order  Oleacec  ,  to  which  the  various  species  ol 
the  ash  belong.  F.  americana,  is  useful  in  < 
menorrhea.  A  wine  (Vinum  fraxini  americancs, 
N.  I'.)  is  prepared  from  its  inner  bark.  I  >ose,  one 
fluidrachm.  F.  excelsior,  of  Europe,  affords  a  medici- 
nal bark,  its  leaves,  and  wood  formerly  being  official. 
Chinese  wax  is  collected  from  the  branches  of  F. 
chinensis  ;  and  manna  from  F.ornus  ami  F.  rotun- 
difolia. 

Freak  (frek)  [MLE.,freke,  bold].  A  popular  name  for 
a  deformed  person. 

Freckles  [frek'-lz).      See  Lentigo  and  Ephelides. 

Freestone-hewers'  Lung.  Synonym  of  Pneumono- 
koniosis. 

Freezing  {frez' -ing)  [ME. ,  freesen,  to  freeze].  The 
congelation  of  liquids,  especially  of  water.  F. -fluids, 
liquid  preparations,  with  boric  acid,  syrupy  or  gummy 
in  consistence,  in  which  tissue-specimens  are  immersed 
prior  to  freezing  and  section-cutting.  F. -machine, 
an  apparatus  for  producing  intense  cold  by  the  evapo- 
ration of  condensed  gases.  F. -microtome,  a  micro- 
tome attached  to  a  contrivance  for  freezing  artificially 
the  tissue  to  be  sectionized.  It  is  used  with  very  soft 
tissues.  F. -mixture,  a  mixture  of  salts  which  absorb 
heat  in  undergoing  solution.  F. -point,  the  tempera- 
ture at  which  a  liquid  freezes. 

Freire,  Micrococcus  of.     See  Bacteria.    'Table  of. 

Fremitus  (frem'-it-us)  [L. ,  a  murmur].  A  tremor 
caused  by  the  sympathetic  vibration  of  some  part  or  organ 
of  the  body  in  consonance  with  some  other  vibrating 
body.  Also,  a  murmuring.  F.,  Friction,  the  vibral 
produced  by  the  rubbing  together  of  two  dry  surfaces  1  if 
the  pleura,  and  felt  by  the  hand.  It  is  met  with  frequently 
in  dry  pleurisy.  F.,  Rhonchal,  vibrations  produced  by 
the  passage  of  air  through  a  large  bronchial  tube  con- 
taining mucus.  It  is  most  often  felt  in  bronchitis. 
F.,  Tactile,  the  vibratory  sensation  conveyed  to  the 
hand  applied  to  the  chest  of  a  speaking  person.  F., 
Tussive,  the  thrill  felt  when  the  hand  is  placed  upon 
the  chest  while  the  patient  coughs.  F.,  Vocal. 
See  /  'oca/. 

Fremontia  ( fre-mon' -she-alt)  [after  John  C.  Fremont, 
an  American  explorer].  A  genus  of  malvaceous 
shrubs.  F.  californica,  California!]  slippery  elm,  is 
not  related  botanically  to  the  true  elms,  but  its  bark 
is  used  in  the  same  way  as  that  of  the  slippery  elm. 

French  [Francus,  a  Frank],  Pertaining  to  France. 
F.  Blue.  See  .  Irtificial  I  Vtramarine  under  Pigments, 
Conspectus  of.  F.  Crust,  or  F.  Distemper.  Synonym 
of  Syphilis.  F.  Green.  Same  as  Schweinfurt  Green. 
F.  Measles.  Synonym lof  Rotheln,  q.  v.  F.  Method, 
the  manual  method  of  instruction  of  deaf-mutes.  F. 
Mulberry.     See  Callicatpa.      F.  Pox.      Synonym   of 


FRENETIC 


194 


FR<  »ND(  >SE 


F.  Purple. 

F.      Red.       See 
F.     Spirit,     Brand}         F.  White. 

Frenetic 

Freno-secretory  •  bridle ; 

dning  or 

Frenulum.  '■  bridle  : 

■].    A  small  orminute  frenum.     The  Dame 

uvula  ol  the 

In  biology,  a  '  •  bristle  on 

the  secondary 

-.  which  folds  th 
;t  ;    it    serves   to    lo<  k   the  wings 
ther. 
Frenum  -  [I...  a  curb].     A   ligament,   fold 

of  integument,  or  other  pan.  that  checks  or  limits  the 
movem  in.      F.  dentis,  the  socket  of 

F.  labiorum,  the  fourchet  or  lower   corn- 
s'.   F.   linguae,  the  bridle 
F..  Macdowel's,  the  accessory  fil 
ening  anteriorly  the   intermuscular  septum  oi 
tli,  :m  attached  to  the  great  pec- 

F.of  Penis    the  fold  on  the  lower  sur- 
cting  it  with  the  prepuce. 
Frenzy  .  brain  ;  mind].    Ex- 

treme and  violent  mania.  F.,  Transitory,  a  condi- 
tion of  impaired  consciousness  characterized  by  either 
an  intense  maniacal  frenzy  or  a  confused  hallucinatory 
irium,  the  duration  of  which  does  not  exceed  the 
peril  >d  'i  two. 

Frere   Come,   Arsenical    Paste    of.     Arsenious  acid 
and   animal    charcoal,   each  one    part ;   mercuric   sul- 
phid,  lour  p. ut-:   to  be  used  only  over  a   small  area 
at  a  time.     F.  C.'s  Operation.    See  Operations  Table. 
Fresco  Colors.     See  Pigments,  Colors,  and  Dyestuffs. 
Fret  [Mi  ft,  to    eat   up].      An  abrasion;   a  chaf- 

ing .  :    tetter. 

Fretting  i  [M.E.,freten,to  eat  up].     A  chaf- 

fta  of   Tormina. 
Fretum  [L.,  a  strait].      A  constriction.     F. 

of  Haller,  in  the  fetal  heart,  the  constriction  between 
the  am  i  the  ventricli 

Freund's  Operations.     See  Operations,  Table  of.    F.'s 

Test.      -  '  Table  of. 

Frey's  White  Mass.    A  substance  for  injecting  tissues. 
Pr<  [25  to    185  C.  c.  of  a  cold,  saturated, 

aqu  utionof  barium  chlorid  by  adding  H2SO«, 

p.     Allow  tlie  precipitate  to  settle   for  24 
hour-,  and  de<  ant  the  clear  fluid.      The  remaining  mu- 
cilaginous   1  mixed    with   an   equal   volume  of 
strong  gelatin  solution. 
Friable                 /)  [friare,  to  rub].      Easily  broki 

crumb!' 
Friar's  Balsam  \  name  given  to 

imaticum,   \.   F.,  and  also  to  the 
nilar    Tinctu  ita,  V.    S.    1'. 

Bal,  >!///. 
Fricke's  Operation.     See  operations.  Table 
Friction  ,  i,,    rub].      I. 

The  act  ol  rubbing.      Th  ;,  in  medicine,  called 

sha:  the   inui  inal  -ul> 

by    rubb  2      In    m  circular 

manipu  ilways  followed   by  I  il   brok- 

ings thumb,  with 

the  >,  or  with  one  hand.    F. -fremitus. 

Fremitus.      F. -sound,   the    sound  observed   in 
auscultation,  ult  of  the  rubbin  .id 

jac  iie  pleural   fold-,  the  pericardium, 

or  the  peritoneum. 


Friedlander,  Bacillus  of.     Si  ia,  Synonymatic 

F.'s  Hematoxylon  Solution.     See  Stains, 

F.'s  Method,  a  method  of  staining  Pneu- 

Si  F.,  Microbe  of. 

Bacteria,  Synonymatic  Tabl 

Friedreich's  Ataxia  01  Disease.  Hereditary  Ataxia, 
or  Hereditary  Ataxic  Paraplegia,  or  Postero-lateral 
Sclerosis,  depending  on  combined  posterior  and  lateral 
sclerosis  oi  the  cord,  ami  differing  from  tabes  and 
ataxic  paraplegia  in  the  earl)  age  of  it-  appearance, 
its  hereditary  nature,  and  some  other  feature-.  Also 
applied  to  Paramyoclonus  multiplex.  See  Disea 
Table  of.  F.'s  Sign.  See  Signs  and  Symptoms, 
Tat-. 

Fright  (frit)  [M  K., /;/;/,  fright].  Sudden  and  extreme 
fear.  F. -neuroses,  Page's  term  for  certain  neuromi 
metic  disorders  following  injury.  This  class  of  cases 
is  generally  considered  under  the  name  of  "  trau- 
matic hysteria."  Frighl  -  are  frequently  en- 
mntered  in  males  as  the  result  of  railway  injuries. 

Frigorific  (frig-or-if'-ik)  \_frigus,  cold ;  facer,,  to 
make].  I.  Producing  extreme  cold.  2.  That  which 
produce-  extreme  cold.  F.  Mixture,  Amolt's  Mix- 
ture; a  mixture  used  as  a  local  anesthetic.  It  con- 
sists of  two  parts  of  ice,  and  one  of  salt.  These  are 
pulverized  separately  in  a  canvas  or  linen  bag,  and 
then  thoroughly  mixed  and  surrounded  by  a  piece  of 
gauze.  As  soon  as  the  mixture  begins  to  melt  it 
-hoitld  be  placed  over  the  part  to  be  anesthetized. 

Fringe  (  frinj)  [ME.,  fringe,  a  fringe].  See  Fimbria. 
F.-tree,  the  bark  of  the  root  of  Chionantkus 
virginica,  a  mild  diuretic,  aperient,  and  reputed 
alterative.  Dose  of  the  fld.  ext.  3  ss-j.  Unof.  See 
Chionantkus. 

Frog  [ME.,  frogge,  a  frog].  1.  An  amphibian  of  the 
family  Ranida.  2.  In  farriery,  an  elastic,  horny 
substance  that  grows  in  the  middle  of  the  sole  of  a 
horse's  foot,  dividing  it  into  two  branches,  and  run- 
ning toward  the  heel  in  the  form  of  a  fork.  3.  A 
popular  name  for  Ranula,  </.  '<•.  It  is  also  called 
Frog-tongue.  F.,  Cohnheim's.  See  Coknheim.  F.- 
face,  a  facial  deformity  due  to  the  growth  of  polypi 
or  other  tumors  in  the  nasal  cavities.  A  temporary 
condition  of  this  kind  may  be  due  to  orbital  cellulitis 
or  facial  erysipelas.  F.-gait,  a  peculiar  hopping 
progression  due  to  contractions  of  the  flexors  and  ad- 
ductors of  the  thighs,  and  to  paralysis  of  the  adductors. 
It  is  one  of  the  results  of  infantile  diplegia.  F.- 
headed,  the  appellation  given  to  anencephalic  mon- 
sters, from  their  peculiar  contour,  which  is  due  to  the 
imperfect  development  of  the  orbits  and  the  consequent 
apparent  prominence  of  the  eyes.  F. -spawn  Mat- 
ter.    See  Boiled-sago  Matter.  F. -tongue.    See  Frog. 

Froissement  (frwas-mon(g))  [Kr.,  bruising].  In  mas- 
sage, a  form  of  "  rough  attaeli  went,"  of  the  skin 
and  superficial  tissues.      See  Attachement. 

Frolement  (frol-tnon(g))  [Fr.].  A  brushing;  in  mas- 
sage, a  succession  of  slow,  backward  and  forward 
movements,  a-  from  a  center  to  a  periphery,  and  the 
reverse.  It  is  done  with  the  palmar  surface  of  the 
fingers,  or  with  the  roulet. 

Fromage  de  Brie  (  fro  mahzh  du(r)-bre).     See  Ch 

Frohmann's  Lines.     See  Line. 

Frond  (frond)  \_frons,  a  leafy  branch].  In  biology, 
a  leaf-like  expansion  of  certain  invertebrates,  espec- 
ially such  a-  resemble  plant-.  A  thallus,  or  organ  in 
which  tin-  functions  of  leaf  and  stem  are  not  fully 
differential'  1 1 

Frondescence  /-ens)     [ frondescere,    to    put 

forth  [eaves].      In  biology,  tl  of  bursting  into 

1.     1  !f.  Foliation,  ami  Phyllody. 

Frondose  (fron'-dos)  [frondosus,  leafy].      In  biology, 


FR<  >NS 


495 


II  LGURANT 


having   thin,    expanded   parts.     Thalloid,    or  like  a 
thallus. 

Frons  |  fr  nz)   [I  n.,  Frontis\     The  forehead. 

Front  ( frmit)  X frons,  the  forehead].      J  lie  forehead. 
F.  Combination.     See  Combination.     F.-tap  Con- 
traction of  Gowers.     See  Contraction,  and  k  ft 
Tail 

Frontad  [frun'-tad)  [frons,  the  forehead;  ad,  to]. 
Toward-  the  frontal  aspect. 

Frontadiform  (  fruit  tad' -if-orm)  [  frons,  front  ;  forma, 
form].  In  biology,  having  the  body  extended  in  the 
dni  ( tii "i  "i  the  fi irehead. 

Frontal  i  frunt'-al)  [frontalis,  of  the  forehead],  i. 
Pertaining  to  the  anterior  part  or  aspect  of  an  organ 
or  body.  2.  More  often,  belonging  to  the  frons  or 
forehead.  F.  Bone,  the  anterior  bone  of  the  skull 
and  superior  bone  of  the  face.  F.  Crest.  See  Crest. 
F.  Eminence.  See  Eminence.  F.  Lobe.  See  Lobe. 
F.  Section.  See  Section.  F.  Sinuses,  the  cavities, 
one  over  each  orbit,  of  the  frontal  bone.  F.  Trian- 
gle.    See  Triangles,  Table  of. 

Frontalis  Muscle  (  fron-ta'  -lis)  [frontalis,  of  the 
forehead].  The  frontal  portion  of  the  occipitofrontal 
muscle.      See  Muscles,   Table  of. 

Fronten  (frun'-ten)  [frons,  the  forehead].  Belong- 
ing to  the  frontal  hone  in  itself. 

Frontlet  (frunl'-let)  [frons.  the  forehead].  In  biology, 
applied  to  the  forehead  of  a  bird  when  distinguished 
by  some  peculiarity. 

Fronto-  (frun'-to-)  [  frons,  the  forehead].  A  prefix  de- 
noting anterior  position  ;  or,  more  often,  expressing 
a  relation  with  the  frons,  or  forehead.  F. -alveolar, 
relating  to  the  frontal  and  alveolar  regions.  F.- 
ethmoid,  relating  to  the  frontal  and  ethmoid  bones. 
F. -occipital,  relating  to  both  forehead  and  occiput. 
F. -triangle.  See  Triangle.  F. -orbital,  relating 
to  forehead  and  orbit. 

Frontodymia  (  frun-to-dim'-e-ali).  Same  as  Cephalo- 
pagus  and  Cephalodymia. 

Frost  [old  Danish,  frosts,  frost].  In  farriery,  to  sharpen 
the  front  and  hind  parts  of  a  horse's  shoes.  F.-bite, 
injury  to  the  skin  or  a  part  from  extreme  cold,  result- 
ing in  inflammation  and  gangrene  ;  pagoplexia.  F.- 
itch,  a  name  for  Prurigo  kiemalis.  F.-wort.  See 
Helia  ntkemum. 

Frosted  Feet  (  fros'-ted fit).      See  Chilblain. 

Froth  [ME.,  frotlte,  froth].  Foam,  as  from  the  mouth. 
F.,  Bronchial,  that  coming  from  the  bronchial  tubes, 
as  in  asthma. 

Frottage  i  frot-ahzh')  [Fr.].  A  form  of  sexual  perver- 
sion in  which  the  orgasm  is  induced  by  simply  rubbing 
against  or  toying  with  the  clothing  of  women.  An 
individual  so  afflicted  is  called  a  frotteur. 

Frotteur  (  fro-fair')  [Fr.].      See  Frottage. 

Frown  [ME.,  frownen,  to  scowl].  To  scowl.  A 
wrinkling  of  the  brow. 

Frozen  Attitude  [fro'-zen  at' -it-ftd ).      See  Attitude. 

Fructiculose  ( fiuk-tik' -u-los)  [fructiculus,  dim.  of 
fructus,  fruit].      In  biology,  bearing  much  fruit. 

Fructification  (fruk-tifiik-a' -shun)  [fructificare,  to 
bear  fruit].  In  biology,  fecundation,  fertilization, 
impregnation  ;  the  act  of  forming,  or  the  production  of 
fruit,  of  whatever  sort. 

Fructose  |  fruk'-tos)  [  fructus,  fruit],  <  ,  I  I ,  ,l  >,.•  Fruit- 
sugar,  formerly  called  .■  it  i-  found  in  almost  all 
sweet  fruits.  It  is  formed,  together  with  grape-sugar,  in 
the  so-called  inversion ,  or  decomposition  of  cane-sugar, 
by  boiling  with  acids  or  by  the  action  of  ferments.  The 
mixture  of  the  two  is  called  invert-sugar.  Fruit-sugar 
forms  a  thick  syrup,  which  at  loo°  C.  dries  to  a 
gummy,  deliquescent  mass.  It  may  be  crystallized  in 
fine,  silky  needle-,  fusing  at  95°  C.      It  is  more  slowly 


fermented  by  yeast   than  grape-sugar.      It  reduces  an 
alkaline  copper  solution  in  the  same  pro]  the 

latter.     See  also 

Fruehjahrkatarrh  [Ger.].      See  Ophthalmia, 

Frugivorous 

j.      I  ruit-eating. 

Friihlingskatarrh      </     '-tin      kat-ar)     [Ger.]. 
mctivitis  and  Ophthalmia ,  Sp> 

Fruit  [fructus,  fruit].     The  developed  ovary  of 

a    plant,    and  espe<  tally    the    sua  ulent,    fleshy    ; 
gathered  about  the  same.     Also  applied  to  the  offspring 
of    animals.     F. -sugar.     See    Sugar   and    Fructose. 
F.-dots.     See  Sorus. 

Frumentaceous  (  fru-tnen-ta' '-sAe-u  [  frumentum, 
grain].      Belonging  to  or  resembling  grain. 

Frumentum  i  fru-men' -turn)  [L.].  Wheat  or  other 
grain.     Spiritus  frumenti,  whisky.      See  Spii 

Frutescent  |  fru-les/-ent)  [frutea  .  a  -hrub].    In  biology, 
shrubby. 

Frutex   (fru'-teks)  [I.,  a  shrub,  a  bush:  pi.   Fruit 
In  biology,  a  shrub;   a  woody,  perennial  plant,  gener- 
ally having  several   stems   and   not  exceeding   twenty 
feet  in  height. 

Fruticose,  or  Fruticous  (fru'-tif-os.  or  -us)  [frutex, 
a  -hrub].     Shrubby. 

Fruticulose  i  fi  u-tik'-u-lds)  [fruticulus,  dim.  of  fru- 
tex, a  shrub].      In  biology,  resembling  a  small  shrub. 

Fryer's  Apparatus.  A  transfusion  apparatus  made  of 
a  single  piece  of  rubber  with  two  bulbs.  F.'s  Oper- 
ation.    See-  Operations,  Table  of. 

Fuchsin  [fook'-sin)  [after  Leonhard  Fucks'],  C^Hj 
IK  1.  Rosein,  Magenta.  Eosin,  Anilin-red.  The 
hydrochloii.l  of  rosanilin,  a  lustrous,  green,  crystalline 
salt  imparting  an  intense  red  to  solutions.  In  large 
doses  it  produces  violent  emesis  and  purging.  In- 
jected into  a  vein  it  causes  staggering  and  trembling. 
It  i-  said  to  be  efficient  in  reducing  albuminuria.  Dose 
gr.  '  _, — i  \- .  See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  F. -bodies,  the 
name  given  by  Russel  to  certain  bodies  found  in  car- 
cinomata  to  which  he  attributes  the  causation  of  the 
growths  ;  he  refers  them  to  the  sprouting  fungi.  <  >ther 
observers  find  similar  bodies  which  they  hold  to  be 
coccidia,  while  others  consider  them  as  crystals  of 
safranin  or  other  pigments  used  in  the  preparation. 

Fuchsinophile  i  fook-sin' '-o-fil)  [fuchsin  ;  u/'/mr.  to 
love].     Readily  stained  by  fuchsin. 

Fuciphagous  i  fit-si  f'-ag-us).     Same  as  Fucivorous. 

Fucivorous  (  fu-siv' '-or-us)  [fuctts,  a  seaweed  ;  vorare, 
to  devour].  In  biology,  applied  to  such  animals  as 
the  dugong,  certain  marine  turtles,  etc.,  that  feed  on 
sea-weeds. 

Fucus  (  fit' -kits')  [QVKoq,  seaweed].  A  genus  of  marine 
algae, the  rock-weeds.  F.vesiculosus,  bladder-wrack, 
sea- wrack  ;  a  marine  alga  abundant  on  the  seashore; 
it  is  used  as  an  alterative  and  tonic.  It  is  employed  in 
goiter  and  glandular  enlargements,  but  mainly  as  an 
empiric  remedy  for  the  absorption  of  fatty  tissue  in 
obe-itv.  An  extract  for  such  purpose  is  sold  under  the 
name  of  anti-fat.  Dose  of  the  solid  extract,  gr.  x  ; 
the  fluid  extract,  gj-ij.      Unof. 

Fuel  (  fit' -el)  [ME.,  fuel,  a  wood-yard].  Combustible 
matter.  F.-gas,  natural  gas  mixed  with  air,  used 
largely  for  manufacturing  purposes  as  a  substitute  for 
I  fuel.  Artificial  gas,  of  the  water  ga-  type,  not 
enriched  with  hydrocarbons  for  rendering  it  illuminant, 
is  also  sold  as  fuel-gas. 

Fugacious  i  fu-ga'-shus)  [fugere,  to  flee].  In  biology, 
falling  off,  or  fading  early  ;    fleeting;   fugitive. 

Fugitive    Color  (  fu'-jit-iv   kul'-or).       See    Pigrr> 
Colors,  and  Dye-stuffs. 

Fulgurant  I  ftt/'-iu-rant)  [ft:  ,  to  flash:   fulgur, 

lightning].      Severe  and  terrific;   as   fulgurant   pains. 


FULGURATION 


196 


11  NICULUS 


Fulguration 

lightning],      i     I  ightni  jation  of 

Fuliginous  soot]. 

Smoke-like;  very  dark  ;  L;  applied  to  lips 

that  .irv  ■  overed  with  dry.  black  crusts,  as  a  "  fuligin- 
ous 
Fuligo        .  S  F.  ligni,  the 

.   ointments  and  tincture-  ol  it  are 
popularly  esteemed.      I;  «)d  disinfectant.     F. 

kali,  a  prepared  :i  caustic  potash,  ami 

used  in  skin 
Full  [Ml    .     .  .full],     i.   Replete;   filled.     2.   Intoxi- 

;     1  ntii         F.  Bath.     See  Bath. 
Fullers'  Earth  liceous  non-fictile 

clay,  used  in  the  fullinj  >th,  on  account  of  its 

uahty;   it  was  formerly  used  a-  an  absorbent, 

like  bole. 

Fuller's  Lotion.     A  lotion  for  rheumatic  joints,  com- 

rbonate    of    soda,    6    dram-;    laudanum,  I 

glycerin,    2    ounces,  and    water,    9   ounces. 

ths  with  tliis  and  apply.      F.'s  Pill,  a 

purgative  pill,  containing  aloe-,  senna,  asafetida,  gal- 

num,  myrrh,  sulphate  of  iron,  saffron,  mace,  oil  of 

amber,  honey,  and  alcohol. 

Fulling  ME.,  fullynge,  fulling].      In  mas- 

j  -.  a  valuable  method  of  kneading, named  from  the 

'mm  used   by  fuller-   in  rubbing  linen  between  their 

hand-.      It  consists  in  holding  the  limb  between  the 

:u-  of  both  hands,  with   the  finger-  fully  extended, 

and  making  a  rapid  to-and-fro  movement  with  each, 

the  result  being  that  the  limb  is  rolled  back  and  forth 

between  the  hand-. 

Fulmar  Oil  -  ful'-mar)  [ME.,  fulmar\.  Oil  cast  up 
from  the  stomach  of  the  fulmar  (Procellaria  glacialis) , 
a  sea  bird  of  tin-  N.  Atlantic.  It  has  the  general 
qualities  of  cod  liver  oil. 

Fulminant,  or  Fulminating  (  ful'-min-ant,  or  ful' - 
min-a-ting)  [fulminare,  to  lighten].  Sudden,  severe, 
and  rapid  in  course  ;  as  fulminant  glaucoma.  Same 
a-  ,  \nt,  q.  v. 

Fulminate  [ful' -min-at)  [fulmen,  lightning].     A  com- 
pound   of   fulminic  acid  with  a  base,  usually  silver, 
r  mercury,   characterized   by  highly  explosive 
qualities. 

Fulminating  [Jul' -min-a-ting}.     See  Fulminant. 

Fulvous  1  1  [fulvus,  deep- yellow,  tawny,  flame- 

red].      Having  a  tawny-yellow  color. 

Fumaria  (fu-ma' -re-ah  |.      See  Fumitory. 

Fumarin  |  fu' -mar-in)  [fumus,  smoke].  An  alkaloid 
from  Fumaria  officinalis  ;  recommended  as  strongly 
antipyretii        I  1 

Fumigation  a'-shun)    [fumigare,  to  smoke]. 

Disinfection  byexposure  to  the  fumes  of  a  vaporized 
disinfectant. 

Fumitory    fu'-mit-or-e)  [fumus,  smoke;  terra,  earth]. 

The  plants   Fumari  -  'is.  and  /•'.  bulbosa,  herbs 

nat.  1  itemed  as  polychresl 

it  now  i<  ;    they  are  actively  deob- 

struent  and  antifebrile.      I  nof. 

Fumous    [fuf-mus)    [fumus,    smoke].        In    biology, 
11  ed  ;   fuliginous. 

Fumus  1  fu'  mu  [L.].  Smoke.  F.  terre,  old  name 
for    fumitory. 

Function  .  (,,    perform].     The' 

normal     1  f|  anion  ol   a  tissue,  organ,  or  part  of 

the  body. 

Functional  -fun  k'  hun-al  [fungi,  to  perform].  Per- 
taining   to   the    special   action  of   an    organ,   whether 

physiologic  or  pathologic.     F.  Disease,  one  wit! 1 

aI!  rations.      F.    Spasm,  a  term 

applied  to  any  of  the  so  (.died  Fatigue-diseases. 


Functionalization  (  funk-shun-al-iz-af-shuri)  [functio, 
a  function].      Restoration  of  a   lost  or  diseased  func 
tion. 

Fundal  (  fuu'-dal)  [fundus,  the  bottom],  Relating 
to  a  fundus. 

Fundament  (fun'-dam-ent)  [fundamentum :  fundus, 
bottom].  1.  1  he  foundation  or  base  of  a  thing.  2. 
[n  embryology,  the  rudiment.     3.   The  anus. 

Fundamental      (  fun-dam-ent'  a  [  fundamentum  : 

fundus,  bottom],  Pertaining  to  the  foundation.  F. 
Tissue,  in  biology,  unspecialized  parenchyma  ;  those 
tissues  of  a  plant  through  which  the  fibro-vascular  bun- 
dle- are  distributed 

Fundus  (  fun' '-ilus)  [fundus,  the  bottom].  The  base 
of  an  organ.  F.  Glands,  microscopic  tubular  glands 
of  the  cardiac  portion  of  the  gastric  mucous  mem 
brane.  F.  oculi,  the  posterior  and  interior  portion 
of  the  eye  seen  by  the  ophthalmoscope,  comprising 
chiefly  the  retina,  papilla,  retinal  vessels,  etc.  F. 
uteri,  the  part  ol  the  womb  remotest  from  the  cervix, 
and  situated  cephalad  from  the  outlets  of  the  oviducts. 
F.  vesicae,  the  basis,  floor,  or  bas  fond  of  the  urinary 
bladder. 

Fungate  (  fung/  gat  )  [  fungus,  a  toadstool].  To  grow 
up  with  a  fungous  form  or  appearance.  Also  to  grow- 
rapidly  like  a  fungus  (applied  to  certain  pathologic 
growths). 

Fungi  (  fun'-ji  ).      See  Fungus. 

Fungicide  (  fun' -jis-id  )  [  fungus,  a  toadstool ;  ctzdere, 
to  kill].  I.  Destructive  to  fungi;  bactericide.  2. 
An  agent  that  destroys  fungi  or  bacteria. 

Fungiform  (  fun' -jiform)[  fungus,  a  mushroom  ;  forma, 
form].  Having  the  form  of  a  mushroom.  F.  Papillae, 
elevations  upon  the  middle  and  back  part  of  the  tongue. 

Fungin  (  fun'-jin)    [fungus,  a  toad-tool].      A  peculiar 
principle  found  in  most    of  the  fungi.      It  is  a  whitish, 
soft,  insipid,  fleshy  substance,  insoluble  in  water,  a 
hoi,  ether,  or  weak  H2S04,  soluble  in  heated   hydro- 
chloric acid. 

Fungoid  (  fung'  -goid  )  [  fungus,  a  toadstool  ;  eldog, 
likeness].      Resembling  a  fungus  ;   fungous. 

Fungosity  (  fung-gos' -it-e)  [fungus,  a  toadstool].  A 
fungous  growth  ;   the  quality  of  being  fungous. 

Fungous  (fuug'-gits)  [fungus,  a  toadstool].  Having 
the  appearance  or  qualities  of  a  fungus ;  excrescent, 
-oft  and  swiftly-growing.  F.  Endometritis.  See 
Endometritis. 

Fungus  (  fung' -gits)  [  fungus,  a  toad-tool :  pi. ,  Fungi ]. 
I.  An  order  of  plants  without  stems,  leaves  or  roots, 
consisting  of  juxtaposed  cells,  without  chlorophyl. 
They  reproduce  by  spores.  The  chief  classes  are  the 
J Ivmenomycctes,  Basidiomvcetes,  Ascomycetes,  Schizo- 
mycetes,   and   Oomycetes.     2.   A    spongy,   morbid  ex- 

-cence,  as  proud-flesh.    F.  of  Brain,  hernia  cer< 
F.  of  Dura  Mater,  a  tumor  of  the  skull,  of  malignant 
nature,   originating  in  the  layers  of  osteal  cells.      F. 
Foot.     See  Foot.     F.  haematodes,  a  bleeding  tumor, 
generally  a  soft  cancer. 

Funic  (fit' -nif)  [funis,  a  rope].  Pertaining  to  the 
funiculus  or  umbilical  cord. 

Funicular  1  fu-nik'  -u-la>\  [  funis,  a  rope].  Relating  to 
the  funiculus.  F.  Souffle,  a  hissing  sound  syn 
chronous  with  that  of  the  fetal  heart,  heard  in  auscul- 
tating the  pregnant  abdomen.  It  is  heard  in  only  from 
14  to  15  per  cent,  of  cases,  and  is  referable  to  the 
umbilical  cord. 

Funiculitis  {fu-nik  -u-li'-tis)  [funiculus,  the  spermatic 
cord;   trig,  inflammation].      Inflammation  of  the  sper 
matic  cord. 

Funiculus  ( fu  -nik'-u-lus)  [L.,acord  ;  dim,  of  funis. 
a  rope].  1.  In  biology,  applied  to  various  cord-like 
structures,    as     the     spermatic    cord,    the     umbilical 


FUN  I  FORM 


497 


I  I  SIFORM 


cord  of  mammals  or  its  analogue  in  lower  animals, 

the  ultimate  nerve-bundles,  tin-  attachment  of  tin- 
base  of  the  stomach  of  a  polyp  with  the  bottom 
of -its  cell,  the  slender  part  of  the  clubbed  antenna 
of    an    insect,  the  stalk    of    an    ovule    or  seed,    etc. 

2.  A  bundle  of  nerve-fibers  in  a  sheath  of  perineurium. 

3.  A  name,  variously  qualified,  for  the  different 
columns  of  the  spinal  cord  and  oblongata  ;  as  the 
F.  cuneatus,  F.  gracilis,  /*'.  of  Rolando,  /•'.  teres. 
F.  cuneatus.  See  Column  of  Burdach.  F.  gra- 
cilis.    See  Column  of  G oil. 

Funiform  \_fuf -nif-orm)  [ funis,  rope;  forma,  shape]. 
In  biology,  resembling  a  rope  or  cord. 

Funis  (  fu'-nis)  [1-.].  A  cord;  applied  to  the  umbili- 
cal cord. 

Funnel  (  fun' -el)  [Old  Yx.,fonel\  1.  A  wide-mouthed, 
conic  vessel  ending  in  a  tube,  designed  to  aid  in  the 
speedy  ami  safe  transfer  of  liquids  from  one  vessel  to 
another.  It  is  also  used  as  a  support  for  paper-filters. 
2.  An  infundibulum.  F.  Mitral,  a  condition  of  the 
mitral  valve  in  mitral  stenosis  in  which  the  left  auricle 
and  the  valve-structures  are  transformed  into  a  hollow 
cone.  This  condition  is  also  called  Button-hole  Mitral. 
F.,  Muscular,  the  funnel-shaped  space  bounded  by  the 
four  straight  muscles  of  the  eye  ;  its  apex  is  at  the  optic 
foramen,  the  eyeball  forms  its  base,  and  along  its  axis 
runs  the  optic  nerve.  F. -shaped  Pelvis,  a  congenital 
deformity  of  the  pelvis,  in  which  it  retains  its  fetal  or 
funnel  shape.  F.,  Vascular,  the  light-hued  depres- 
sion at  the  center  of  the  disc  of  the  retina ;  if  exag- 
gerated, it  forms  a  so-called  physiologic  cup. 

Funny  Bone  {fun'-e  don).  The  internal  condyle  of  the 
humerus.  Being  crossed  superficially  by  the  ulnar 
nerve,  blows  upon  it  give  an  unpleasant  sensation  to 
the  hand  ;   whence  the  name. 

Fur  [MJL.,furre,  fur].  A  coating  of  morbid  matters, 
including  an  increased  amount  of  epithelium,  seen 
upon  the  tongue  in  various  conditions  of  disease. 

Furan  {fur' -an)  [furfur,  bran],  C4H40.  Furfuran  ; 
tetrol  ;  a  product  of  the  destructive  distillation  of  pine- 
wood  ;  it  is  also  produced  synthetically  by  the  dis- 
tillation of  pyromucic  acid.  It  is  a  liquid,  insoluble 
in  water,  with  a  peculiar  odor,  and  boiling  at  320  C.  It 
yields  bluish-violet  dyestuffs  with  isatin  and  sulphuric 
acid,  and  violet-red  with  phenanthraquinone. 

Fvirbringer's  Method.  A  method  of  cleansing  the 
hands  and  nails  of  operators.  The  hands  and  forearms 
having  been  thoroughly  cleansed  by  scrubbing  with 
soap  and  warm  water  and  the  nails  carefully  cleansed, 
the  hands  and  forearms  are  dipped  for  at  least  a  min- 
ute in  absolute  alcohol,  then  immediately  into  warm 
bichlorid  of  mercury  solution  (I  :  1000)  and  well 
scrubbed  with  a  nail-brush,  the  nails  receiving  partic- 
ular attention. 

Furca  {fur' -kali)  [L.,a  fork].  A  fork.  F.  orbitalis, 
the  orbital  fork  ;  one  of  the  earliest  signs  of  the 
orbit  seen  in  the  embryo;  it  is  a  mere  trace  of  bifur- 
cated bony  tissue. 

Furcate  (  fur'-kat\  [furca,  a  fork].  In  biology, 
forked  ;  divided  into  two  equal  branches. 

Furcula  {fur'-ku-lah)  [L.,  dim.  of  furca,  a  fork].  In 
biology,  applied  to  various  forked  structures,  as  the 
united  clavicles  (wish-bone  or  merry-thought)  of  a 
bird,  or  the  bifid  processes  of  certain  insects. 

Furfur {fur* -fur)[£,.'].  I  )andruff  or  perrigo  ;  scurf;  the 
bran  of  flour.   F.,  Microsporon.    See  Tinea  versicolor. 

Furfuraceous  {Jur-fur-a' -she-us)  [  furfur,  bran].  Re- 
sembling bran.    Applied  also  to  dandruff- covered  skin. 

Furfuran  {fur'-fu-ran).      See  Furan. 

Furfurin    {fur'-fu-ri,n    {furfur,    bran],    C15H12N4Os. 
A   basic  crystalline  principle   derivable  from  furfurol ; 
it  has  been  proposed  as  an  antipyretic  and  tonic  remedy. 
S2 


Furfurol  { fur' -fu-rol )  [furfur,  bran;  oleum,  oil]. 
I  1 1  ,<  ),.  The  aldehyd  of  furfuryl  alcohol  is  produced 
in  the  distillation  of  bran  with  diluti  I  I.-'),,  or  of 
sugar,  etc.  It  is  also  derived  from  arabinose  or  xylose 
and  occurs  in  the  decomposition-products  of  albumi- 
noid bodies,  as  meat,  1  beese,  urine,  etc.  With  phenyl- 
hydra/in  it  forms  a  nearly  insoluble  compound,  fur- 
furol hydrazon.  It  is  a  colorless  volatile  oil,  with  an 
aromatic  odor.  In  specific  gravity  at  1300  C.  is  1.11 
It  boils  at  1620  C.  It  combine-,  with  dimethylanilin 
to  form  a  green  dye-stuff,  corresponding  to  malachite 
green.  It  exists  in  certain  new  whiskies;  but  as  the 
spirit  becomes  older  the  furfurol   gradually  disappears. 

Furibund  1  fu'  re-6itnd)[furi6undus,ragirig~\.  Raging; 
maniacal  (applied  to  certain  insane  patient 

Furor  {Ju'-ror)  [E]-  Madness;  fury;  a  maniacal 
attack.  F.  genitalis.  Same  as  Erotomania.  F. 
epilepticus,  epileptic  insanity.  F.  transitorius. 
See  Mania,  Transitory.  F.  uterinus.  See  Nym- 
phomania. 

Furred  (  fur  J  1  [  M  E. ,  furre,  fur].  Having  an  abnormal 
coating  of  granular  or  epithelial  scales  and  other  mat- 
ter ;   as  a  furred  tongue. 

Furrow  (  fur'-o)  [ME.,  furwe,  a  groove].  A  groove 
or  trench.  F.,  Auriculo-ventricular,  the  great 
transverse  groove  separating  the  auricles  of  the  heart 
from  the  ventricles.  F.,  Digital,  one  of  the  trans- 
verse lines  or  furrows  on  the  palmar  surface  of  the 
fingers.  F.,  Genital,  a  groove  appearing  on  the 
genital  tubercle  of  the  fetus  at  the  end  of  the  second 
month.  F.,  Interventricular,  two  longitudinal 
grooves  separating  the  two  ventricles  of  the  heart. 
F.,  Jadelot's.      See  fadelot's  Lines,  or  Furr. 

Furrowing  {fur'-o-ing)  [ME.,  furwe,  a  groove].  In 
biology,  the  process  of  segmentation  of  the  yolk  of  an 
egg  in  some  animals,  as  Amphibia. 

Furuncle  {fu'-rung-kl).     See  Furunculus. 

Furunculosis  (  fit-rung- ku-lo' '-sis)  [furunculus,  a 
boil].  The  morbid  condition  that  is  associated  with 
the  production  of   furuncles. 

Furunculous  (  fit-rung* '-ku-lus)  [furunculus,  a  boil]. 
Characterized  by  a  continuous  production  of  furuncles. 

Furunculus  (  fit-rung* '-ku-lus)  [L.].  A  boil.  A  local 
inflammatory  affection,  commonly  involving  a  skin- 
gland  or  hair  follicle,  ending  in  necrosis  and  central 
suppuration  of  adjacent  parts.  It  begins  with  painful 
induration,  followed  by  swelling,  finally  suppu- 
rating and  sloughing  at  the  "  core."  F.  orientalis, 
Oriental  Boil,  Aleppo  Boil,  Delhi  Boil,  Biscara  But- 
ton, Gafsa  Button,  Kandahar  Sore.  Pendjeh  Sore, 
Natal  Sore.  A  local  disease,  marked  by  the  succes- 
sive formation  of  papule,  tubercle,  scab,  and  sharply 
circumscribed  ulcer  on  the  face,  especially  the  cheeks 
and  angle  of  the  mouth.  It  is  common  along  the 
shores  of  the  Mediterranean  Sea. 

Fuscescent  (  fuses' '-ent)[fuscus,  dusky].  In  biology, 
of  a  dark-brownish  tinge. 

Fuscin  (fusS-in)  [fuscus,  dark].  Retinal  melanin.  A 
pigment  found  a<  minute  granule.-  imbedded  in  the 
cell-substance  and  processes  of  the  retinal  epithelium. 

Fuscoferruginous  (fus-ko-fer-oo* '-jin-us)  [fuscus, 
dark;  ferruginous,  rusty].     Brownish;  rust-colored. 

Fuscotestaceous  1  fits-ko-tes-ta' '-she-us)  [fuscus,  dark. 
dusky;   testaceus,  brick-colored].    Dull  reddish-brown. 

Fuscous  {fits'- kits)  [fuscus,  dusky].     Grayish-brown. 

Fusel  Oil  (  fit'-zel ).      See  Alcohol. 

Fusible  (  fu'-zib-i)  [fusus,  melted].  That  which  may 
be  fused  or  melted.      F.  Calculus.     See  Calculus. 

Fusiform  (  fu' -si form)  [fusus,  a  spindle  ;  forma, 
shape].  Spindle-shaped;  larger  in  the  middle  and 
diminishing  in  diameter  toward  either  end  ;  applied  tc 
cells,  fibers,  etc. 


Fl  SH  >N 
Fusion  ,ir  out].    ' ne 

Fuso-cellula: 
Fust:. 

...    or 
\  enetian  su 


\1   \«  ■  1 1  U'lll .Kl'.ITIS 

Fustigation  ;Aun)     [fustigare,    to    beat]. 

Flagellation  F.,  Electric,  an  application  of  elec 
tricitj  in  which  the  surface  ol  the  bod)  is  rapidl) 
tapped  with  the  electrodes  of  an  induced  current. 

Fustin  {Just-tin)  \fustus,  a  knotted  stick],  < ',  ,11,, ,<  >8, 
A  yellow  crystalline  coloring-matter  obtained  from 
A';.  mspectusof. 

Fuzzball  (  fit  i       See  Bovista. 


<  .. 


G. 

Gabbctt's  Method.     A  method  of  d 

Gabi.i:-.  [It  J.      A   variety   of  naphtha    or 

.  .1    town  nt  m    1  lii- 

r.m  lianum. 

Gaboon  Chocolate 
Gad-:';-.  :  .    Ml    .  -  fly].      A 

di[  ■  to    the   genus    Tabanus. 

Gadimn  [from  C  .  haddock], 

lined  from  dei  omposing 

:  t  human 

given  in  huge 

Gaduin  le  codfish],  C    II.,,'1,      A 

iver  oil  ;   it  i-.  a  dark- 

Gadua  the  whiting].     A  genus  of  fish. 

G.  morrhua,  th  a  fish  from  the  livers  of  which 

ua. 

Gseophagia 

Gaertner,  Ducts  of. 

Gaftky  s   Method.    A  method  of  staining  the  bacillus 

. 
Gafsa    Button  See     Furunculus 

Gai;  ].     An  instrumi  rally 

teeth  to 
during  the  administration 
i  the  mouth. 
Gat;es  Solution       Se<   Sta 

urn. 
Gaillari*s  Suture.     See  Sutu 

Gait  VS.].      I  by  walk- 

may  ass  ami    great 
itral  nervous  dis- 
G.,  Cerebellar,  a  gait  in   which  the 

■1  with  a 
It   is  due  to  disease,  usually 

tlir:  .Hum.         G., 

rich  the  ■  own  ami  ■ 

implished    by 

G.,  Frog,  the  charai  hopping 

Gal.      \ 
Galactacras.i 

en  bnormality  in  the 

i  ilk. 

Galactaemi  v. 

Galactagogue 

i 


agenl    that    increases   the   secretion   of    milk    in   the 
breast. 

Galactangioleucitis  [gal-ak-tan-je-o-lu-si'-tis)  [;  ">«, 
milk;  ayyelov,  vessel  if,  white].     Lymphangitis 

associated  with  lactation. 

Galactapostema  {gal-aktap-os-te'-mak)  [ya/a,  milk  ; 
aizdarijua,  abscess:  pi.,  Galactapostemata'V.  Milk- 
abscess;  mammary  associated  with  lactation. 

Galactedema  (gal-a£-te-deJ '-rnak)  \ya/.n,  milk;  oldi/fia, 
a  swelling].  Swelling  of  the  mamma  due  to  accumu- 
lation of  milk  within  it. 

Galacthemia  (gal-ak-the1 '-me-ah)  [yala,  milk  ;  alpia, 
blood].  I.  A  milky  state  or  appearance  of  the  blood, 
j.    liloody  milk,  or  the  giving  of  bloody  milk. 

Galactia  (gal-ak' -te-aA)  [}<*>«,  milk].  A  genus  of 
diseases,  according  to  Good's  Nosology,  embracing 
defective  or  abnormal  secretion  of  milk.  G.  virorum, 
the  secretion  of  milk  by  the  male. 

Galactic  (gal-ak' -tik)  \ydkaKTiK6q,  milky].  Relating 
to  or  promoting  the  flow  of  milk. 

Galactidrosis  ( gal  ak-tiJ-  ro'-sis)  [;.'//«,  milk;  idp&c, 
sweat].      The  sweating  of  a  milk-like  fluid. 

Galactin  (gal-ak' '-tin)  [ya\a,  milk],  i.  Same  as  Lactose. 
2.  An  amorphous  alkaloid  or  base,  reported  to  be  ob 
tainable  from  milk.  3.  A  wax  obtained  from  the  sap 
of  the  S.  American  cow- tree,  Galactodendron  utile ; 
it  is  used  locally  in  candle-making.  4.  <',l  I,,,' ',.  a 
carbohydrate  from  the  seeds  of  leguminous  plants. 

Galactirrhea  (gal-ak-ter-e'-ah).      See  Galactorrhea. 

Galactoblast  \gal-ak' -to-blast)  [y&Aa,  milk  ;  Vaoot6c, 
a  germ].  A  peculiar  fat-containing  globule  found  in 
tin-  acini  of  the  mammary  gland. 

Galactocele  (  gal  ak'-to-sel)  [;</>",  milk;  k^Xt/,  tumor]. 

1.  A  cystic  tumor  of  the  female  breast  due  to  a  collec- 
tion of  milk  and  resulting  from  closure  of  a  milk-duct. 

2.  Hydrocele  with  milky  contents. 
Galactodendron    (gal-ak-to-den'-dron)     [y&sa,    milk  ; 

a  tree].     The  cow-tree.     See  Brosimum. 
Galactoglycosuria    (gal-ak-to-gli-ko-su'-re-ah)    [;  <Vt ", 

milk  ;  weet  ;    OVpOV,    urine].       Glycosuria  ile 

pendent  upon  lactation. 
Galactoid   (gal-ak' -toid)    [}''/■",    milk;    eldoq,   form]. 

mbling  milk. 
Galactoma     (gal-ak- to' -tnah)     [;d/«,    milk;     bfia,    a 

tumor://.,  Galactomatal.     Same  as  Galactocele. 
Galactometer  (gal-ak-tom'-et-er).     See  Lactometer. 
Galactoncus  (gal-ak-tong'-kus)   [y&Xa,  milk  ;  fly/ 

lling],     Sami   as  Galactocele. 
Galactonic  Acid  (  gal-ak  tonf-ik).     See  Lactonic  Anil. 
Galactophagous     (gal-ak-toff'-ag-us)      [}u/<i,    milk; 

t ].     Milk  eating. 
Galactophlebitis     (gal-ak-to-fle-bi'-tis)      [;">",   milk; 
ein ;   trig,  inflammation].    1.    Milk-leg;  phleg 


GALACTOPHLYSIS 


!!!<( 


GALENIC 


masia  alba  dolens  ;   phlebitis  asso<  iated  with  la<  tation. 
2.   Phlebitis  in  a  suckling  child. 

Galactophlysis  [gal-ak-ioff/'lii  is)  (  ,  </>",  mill.  , 

eruption].     A  vesii  ular  eruption  containing  a  milk-like 
fluid,  and  associated  with  a  suppression  ol   lactation. 

Galactophora  [gal-ak-toff* -or-ah)  [ydXa,  milk  ;  fykpeiv, 
to  bear].     Remedies  thai  in<  rease  the  31  •  r<  Lion  ol  milk. 

Galactophoritis      {gal-ak-toff-or-i'-tis)     \yaAa,     milk; 

ii  iv,  to  bear  ;  t«c,  Lnfla tation].      Inflammation  of 

a  milk-duct. 

Galactophorous     (gal-ak-toff'-or-us)      [}"/«,    milk; 
ipipeiv,  to  hear].     Milk-bearing.     G.  Ducts,  the  ex 
cretory  ducts  ol  the  mammae. 

Galactophorus  ( gv il-ak-toff'  <n  us)  [}<'><',  milk; 
o>i»ir,  to  bear].  An  artificial  nipple  placed  ovn  tin- 
natural  organ  in  order  to  facilitate  suckling  and  also 
to  protect  the  natural  nipple  when  abraded. 

Galactophthisis  {gal-ak-toff'-this-is)  [}«>".  milk; 
<pMoic,  consumption].  Emaciation  and  debility  due 
to  excessive  secretion  of  milk. 

Galactophyga  {gal-ak-toff'-ig-ah  | [y&Xa, milk;  Qeiryeiv, 
to  shun].  Remedies  employed  to  arrest  the  secretion 
of  milk. 

Galactophygous  {gal-ak-toffi '-ig-tts)  [y<iAa,  milk;  tyvyr/, 
flight].  Having  the  power  to  reduce  or  arrest  the  se- 
cretion of  milk. 

Galactoplania  {gal-ak-to-pla' -ne-ah)\yaka,  milk;  ttaAvt], 
a  wandering].  The  metastasis  of  milk  ;  any  secretion 
or  discharge  of  a  milky  fluid  consequent  upon  a  sup- 
pression  of  lactation. 

Galactoplerosis     [gal-ai-lo-p/e-re/sis)     \yaka,    milk; 
Tr'/i/^uatq,  a  filling].      Distention  of  the  mamma  from 
hypersecretion  of  milk,  or  from   closure  of  the  milk 
ducts. 

Galactopoietic  {gal-ak-to-poi-etf -ik)  [;"/«,  milk; 
noiieiv,  to  make].  Inducing  the  secretion  of  milk; 
concerned  in  the  secretion  of  milk. 

Galactoposia  {gal-ak-to-p& '-ze-ah)  \_yaXa,  milk  ;  irbatc, 
drinking].  "  Milk-cure."  The  treatment  of  diseases 
by  the  use  of  a  milk-diet. 

Galactopyretic  {gal-ak-to-pi-retf -ik)  \yaKa,  milk  ; 
/ruperdc,  fever].      Relating  to  milk-fever. 

Galactopyretus  {gal-ak-to-pi' '-ret-us)  [yaXa,  milk  ; 
irvperog,  fever].  Milk-fever;  the  febricula  that  may 
attend  the  establishment  of  lactation  ;  it  is  a  form  of 
septic  infection. 

Galactorrhea  (gal-ak-tor-er -aK)  \yaka,  milk;  /ioia,  a 
flow].  An  excessive  secretion  and  flow  of  milk  in  a 
nursing  woman. 

Galactoschesis  {gal-ak-tos* -kes-is)  \_ya~Aa,  milk  ;  c\  to  • . 
retention].     The  retention  or  suppression  of  the  milk. 

Galactoscope  igal-ak'-to-skop).     See  Lactoscope. 

Galactose  {gal-ak* '-tds)\yaha,  milk],C6H12Ofi.  Lactose; 
the  aldose  of  dulcitol.  It  is  formed  on  boiling  milk- 
sugar  with  dilute  acids,  and  is  obtained  from  such 
gums  as  yield  mucic  acid  when  oxidized.  It  crystal- 
lizes in  nodules  of  grouped  needles  or  leaflets,  that 
melt  at  1660  C.  Its  solution  is  dextro-rotatory.  It 
readily  reduces  alkaline  copper-solutions  and  is  fer- 
mentable with  yeast.      See  Carbohydrates,   Tabic  of 

Galactosis  (gal-ak-to' '-sis)  [yaAdnrioatc ;  ;'/></,  milk]. 
The  secretion  of  milk. 

Galactostasis  [gal-ak-tos/-tas-is)  [ydAa,  milk  ;  arnaiq, 
stoppage].  A  morbid  collection  or  stoppage  of  the 
milk. 

Galactosyrinx  {gal-ak-to-sirr -ingks)  \_}a'/a,  milk  ; 
avpiyi;,  a  pipe].      Lacteal  fistula. 

Galactotherapy    {gal-ak-to-therf -ap-e)     \yaXa,    milk; 
Sepaireiv,     treatment].       I.     The    treatment    of    dis 
ease  in  suckling  infants  by  the  administration   of  the 
remedies  to  the  mother  or  wet-nurse.      2.    Milk-cure  ; 
galactoposia. 


Galactotrophy  {gal-ak-totf -ro-fe)   [yd?a,  milk;    t, 

nourishment].      Nourishing  with  milk  only. 

Galactozemia  (  gal  a  .  milk  ;  ; 

j.  1.  Loss,  diminution,  or  suppression  of  the 
milk  by  failure  ol  set  retion.  2.  Loss  of  milk  by 
wastage  ;  oozing  of  milk  from  the  nipple. 

Galactozyme     [gal-aA* -to-zim)     [ya'Aa,    milk; 
haven],      i.    A    drink  made  by  the  fermentatioi 
milk,  as   kefir,  or  kuiin  ited  with 

1  ommon  yeast. 

Galacturia     igalak-tu'-re-ak)    [ydXa,     milk;     oi 
urine].     Milkiness  of  the  urine  ;  chyluria. 

Gala-heptose    [ga-lah-Aep' '-tos).     See    Carbohydt 
Tabl 

Galanga,  or  Galangal  [gal-ang/-gah,  or  gal'-an 
[Chin.].     The  rhizome    ol   Alpinia  ojflcinarum,  and 
ol    Kampj  anga  (great  galangal),   much 

sembling  ginger.     It  was  formerly  brought  from  China 
and  India,  but  is  now  little  used.      L  nof. 

Galax   {ga'-laks)    \ya'Aa,   milk].     A   genus  of  diapen- 
siaceous  plant-.    G.  aphylla,  of  N.  America  (carpen- 
ter's leaf,   "  galax,"   beetle-weed),  has  an  astrinj 
root,  and  the  leaves  are  said  to  be  vulnerary.      I  1 

Galazyme  {gal'-az-lm)  \ya?-a,  milk;  tyftij,  leaven]. 
A  fermented  drink,  made  on  the  Continent,  from  milk 
by  adding  to  it  sugar  and  a  special  ferment. 

Galbanum  (gal'-ban-um)  [lb!,,  kh  benah,  white 
milk],  1.  A  gum-resin  of  Ferulagalbanifl.ua,  and  F. 
rubricaulis, native  t<>  Asia.  It  1-  expectorant,  stimul 
and  antispasmodic,  ami  1-  useful  in  1  hronic  bronchitis 
and  catarrh.  I  >ose  gr.  x-xx.  G.,  Pil.,  Comp., 
pill  contains  galbanum  gr.  i.--.  myrrh  gr.  iss  asafetida 
gr.  ss,  and  syrup.  Dose  ij-iij.  G.,  Emplastrum, 
galbanum  16,  turpentine  2,  Burgundy  pitch  6,  lead- 
plaster  76  parts.  2.  Locally,  in  the  I".  S.,  Burgundy 
pitch  is  popularly  called  galbanum  and  is  sold  under 
that  name. 

Galbiati  Knife  {gal-be-al'-e)  \_Galbiati,  an  Italian 
obstetrician].  A  special  knife  used  in  the  operation 
of  symphysiotomy. 

Galbulus  [galf -bu-lus)  [L.,  the  nut  of  the  cypn — tree: 
pi. ,  Galbuli].  In  biology,  a  closed,  fleshy,  berry-like 
cone,  as  the  fruit  of  the  juniper. 

Gale  {gal )  [ME.,  gawl,  gale],    1.  A  shrub,  Myrica 
sweet  gale  of  cool  regions;   it  has   an   aromatic  odor, 
and  is  used  locally  for  external  parasites.     See  S 
Gale.      2.   The   fern-gale,  or  sweet  fern.     See   Sweet 
Fern.    G.  bedouine.     See  Lichen  simplex. 

Galea  (ga'-le-ah)  [galea,  yalia,  helmet:  pi.,  Ga 
I.  A  form  of  head-bandage.  2.  Headache  extending 
all  over  the  head.  3.  The  aponeurotic  portion  of  the 
occipito-frontal  muscle.  4.  In  biology,  applied  to 
various  helmet  shaped  parts  or  organs.  G.  capitis, 
a  fascial  investment  covering  the  crown  of  the  head. 

Galeamaurosis  {ga-le-am-aw-rof -sis)  [yaXq,  cat,  wea- 
sel  ;  a/iavpdeiv,  to  darken].    See  Amaurotic  C 

Galeanthropy    [ga-le-an'-thro-p  1    [;<'/',.  cat,   weasel; 
'  •!.,-!, t\  man].      A  form  of  zoanthropy  in  which  the 
patient  believes  himself  to  be  transformed  into  or  in- 
habited by  a  cat. 

Galeati,  Glands  of.     See  Crypts  of  Lieberkiihn. 

Galen  {ga/-len\  An  ancient  physician,  A.  D.  130-200. 
G.'s  Anastomosis,  that  between  the  superior  and  in- 
ferior laryngeal  nerves.  G.'s  Bandage.  See  Bandage. 
G.'s  Cerate,  a  cerate  composed  of  white  wax.  1  . 
of  almond-,  4;  rose-water,  ;.  G.,  Veins  of.  See 
;/. 

Galena  [gale/-nah)  [}a//,vr,,  lead  ore].  1.  A  remedy 
for  poison.      2.    Native  lead  sulphid. 

Galenic,  Galenical  (  ga-len'-ik,  -al)  [Galen,  an  ancient 
physician].  Relating  to  or  consistent  with  the  teach- 
ing- of   Galen.      Medicines   were    said  to  be  g<i 


GA1  1  \I>M 


500 


GA1  \  ANU 


when   •  and    nol 

not  velerinar)  ; 
mivalent  i" 
the  l.ut 
Galenism 

II,  .  I  ialen 

Gab  .    ap 

bemp  nettle. 
G.  ladanum.  medj    for 

i  G.  tetrahit 

a  vermifuge. 

Galcropia,  »  Galeropsia 

\  preternatur- 
due  i"  some 

ill!- 

Gahanconism  .  a  short- 

■  »w  ).      Atro 

Galipc's  Te   I 

Gahpea  \   ;enus  of  tropical  Amei 

G.  cusparia  and 
G.  officinalis  ..  ,  also  ca 

Galipeir.  ,   I      1  lnH(  >.,.       An 

Galipot  Kr.]      <  rude  Burgundy  pitch.     Cf. 

im  .  milk-wort].      A  genus  of 

ru;  i    man)  ral  of  which 

dicine.  Among  them  are  G. 
californicum,  G.  circaezans,  G.  pilosum,  and  G. 
tnfedum,  in  N.  America,  and  G.  mollugo,  G.  crucia- 
tum.  and  G.  verum  in    Europe.     See,  also,  La  a 

G.    aparine,    goose-grass,    cleavers,   or 

ch  ■    plant,  the   juice  of   which   is   a 

.  in  strum  ns,  and  is  said  to 

iiuretic.      I  >■,-,.-  of  the  juice  J  v  ;  of  the  lluid 

z  nof. 

Gall  fd^,  bile].    The  bile.     The 

jui  r.     See  Gal/a.     G.- 

bladder,  th  in  the  right  lobe  of  the 

liv-  :  the  bile.     See  Chole- 

G.-cyst,  the  gall-bladder.    G-duct.    SeeDuct. 

-fever..:  mittent fever.   G. -stones, 

i  asionally    formed    in 

•  and   it-  dm:  I   n  v  an    usually  of 

but  ma\  as    a    pigeon's    egg. 

of  the  bile  pigments   and   acid-, 

llyof  lime  and  mag- 

:  stituent.      They 

of  intense  pain,  the  so-called 

Galla  I  ]       Nut-gall.      An    excrescence   on 

mi  a,  '  aused 

of  an  insei  t.      It  contains  tannic 

to  75   ]  .  gallic    aci<l   5  per  cent. 

G.,  Tinct.,  Dose  3 

G.,   Unguentum,  I  /  /,/,    Tannic. 

G..  Unguentum,  cum  opii  |  B  P.  .  an  astringent  and 

nt. 

Gallacetophenone  gaH  ; 

\   yellow  powder  with 
I     .  pi   :  in  d  from  pyro 
1  ointment  in 

gallol-phthal 

on'  "ii    hr-.itin^  pj  !•. 

1    phihal.  rid    to    200°  C       It 

n   alcohol,  and  with  a 


beautiful  blue  color  in  alkalies.  It  is  an  important 
dye-stuff,  producing  tolerably  fast  shade-  of  purple  and 

violet  on  cotton,  wool,  and  silk.      See  Pigments. 

Gallic  [gal'-ik)  [gaUa,  an  oak-gall].  Pertaining  to  the 
oak-gall  or  nut  gall.     G.  Acid.      See  Acid,  Gallic, 

Gallipoli  Oil  {gal-e-po/ -le).      See  Turkey^red  Oil. 

Gallipot  (gal'-e-pot)  [OD. , gleypot,  a  gallipot].  An 
apothecary's  pot  foi   holding  ointments  or  confections. 

Gallisin  .   an    oak-gall],    (  \,\  1 .,,( >,„. 

An  unfermentable  carbohydrate  found  in  starch-sugar. 
It  is  prepared  by  fermenting  a  20  per  cent,  solution  of 
stan  h  sugar  with  yeast  at  180  or  200  C.  for  five  or 
»i\  days.  In  the  pure  state  it  is  a  white, amorphous, 
extremely  hygroscopic  powder;    its   taste   1--  at    first 

sweet,   but    afterward    be :s    insipid;    it  is   easily 

decomposed  by  heat  ;  is  readily  soluble  in  water,  nearly 
insoluble  in  absolute  alcohol.  It  is  dextro-rotatory 
and  reduces  copper  solutions. 

Gallium    (gal'-e-um)     [Gallia,  Gaul].     A  rare    metal 

mbol   Ga.,  sp.  gr.    5.935),   extremely   fusible,  and 

ri  1  iied  iii  chemic  properties  to  aluminum,  like  which 

it    i.-.  capable  of  forming  a   series  of  alums.      Some  of 

its  compounds  are  poisonous.    See  Elements,   Table  of . 

Gallivorous  (gal-iz/-or-us)  [galla,  a  gall-nut ;  vorare, 
to  eat.  devour].  In  biology,  applied  to  the  larvae  of 
gall-producing  insects  that  feed  on  the  inside  of  the 
nut-gall. 

Gallization  {gal-iz-a' 'shun).  A  method  of  improving 
wine,  by  which  the  must  of  a  bad  year  is  brought  up  to 
the  standard  found  to  belong  to  a  good  must  (24  per 
cent,  of  sugar,  0.6  percent,  of  acid,  and  75_4per  cent, 
of  water)  by  correcting  the  ratio  of  acid  to  sugar. 
This  is  done  by  adding  sugar  and  water  in  sufficient 
quantity. 

Gallocyanin  (  gal-o-si' '-an-in)  [i<,'vr//i7,gall  (-nut) ;  diavot  . 
blue],  (  ,  1 1 ,  \  Ov  A  compound  produced  by  the 
action  of  nitroso-dimethvl-anilin  upon  gallic  acid, 
catechuic  acid,  etc.  It  forms  shining  green  needles, 
and  serves  as  a  beautiful  violet-colored  lake  in  calico 
print.     See  Pigments ,  Conspectus  of . 

Galloflavin  {gal-o-Jlav'-in).     See  Pigments. 

Gallois^  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Gallon  (gal'-ii)i)  [MM,  galon,  a  gallon].  A  standard 
unit  of  volumetric  measurement,  having  in  the  United 
States  a  capacity  of  231  cu.  in.,  and  equivalent  to  a 
weight  of  58,328. 8  grains  of  distilled  water  at  maximum 
density.  In  Great  Britain  its  capacity  is  277.27  cu.  in. 
G.,  Miniature,  in  water  testing,  a  name  given  to  70 
c.c. 

Gallop  Rhythm  (gal'-up  rithm).  A  peculiar  form  of 
cardiac  arrhythmia,  in  which  the  sounds  resemble  the 
footfall  of  a  horse  in  cantering.  It  is  expressed  by  the 
words  "  rat-ta-tat."  It  is  most  frequently  heard  in 
interstitial  nephritis  and  arterio-sclerosis.  It  is  said 
to  be  met  with  also  in  healthy  persons. 

Galloping  Consumption,  '"he  popular  term  for  that 
very  rapidly  fatal  form  of  pulmonary  tuberculosis,  in 
which  there  is  rapid  destruction  of  the  lung-tissue  on 
both  sides.  It  is  also  called  Florid  Phthisis.  G. 
Paresis,  rapidly  progressive  general  paralysis. 

Galton's  Whistle.  An  instrument  used  for  testing  the 
pen  eption  of  high  tones  by  the  ear. 

Galvanic  (  al-van'-ik)  [Galvani,  an  Italian  physician 
and  scientist].  Pertaining  to  galvanic  or  chemii  elei 
trii  ity.  G.  Battery.  See  Battery.  G.  Belt,  a  belt 
composed  of  alternate  plates  oi  copper  and  zinc,  sepa 
■  I  by  piei  es  ol  fell  moistened  with  a  dilute  a<  id.  It 
i-  designed  to  be  worn  around  the  waist  for  the  con- 
tinuous application  of  gai vanUm.  G.  Cautery.  See 
Cautery.  G.  Discs,  discs  of  two  dissimilar  metals 
arranged  alternately,  between  which  a  communication 
is  established  when  moistened  and  placed  on  the  skin. 


GALVANISM 


50] 


GANGLION 


G.  Poultice,  minute  pieces  of  zinc  and  copper 
wrapped  in  cotton-wool,  each  pair  separated  by  flan 
nel,  all  inclosed  in  a  bag,  one  side  of  which  is  made 
of  rubber-cloth  and  the  oilier  of  cotton.  The  cotton 
side  is  placed  next  the  skin,  perspiration  exi  iting  gal- 
vanic action. 

Galvanism  i  gal' -van-iziri)   [Galvani,a.n   Italian  physi 
cian  and  scientist].     Primary  dynamic  01  i  urrent  clec- 
tricity. 

Galvanization  (gal-van-iz-a'-sAun)  [Galvani,  aa  Ital- 
ian physician].  The  transmission  of  a  current  of  low 
electro-motive  force  through  any  part  of  tin-  body  for 
the  purpose  of  diagnosticating  or  curing  disease.  G., 
Central,  a  variety  <>f  general  galvanization  in  which 
the  kathode  is  placed  in  the  epigastrium  and  the 
anode  is  moved  over  the  body.  G.,  General,  galvan- 
ization of  the  entire  body. 

Galvano-  |  tral-van'-o-)  [Galvani,  an  Italian  physician]. 
A  prefix  denoting  connection  with  chemic  or  current 
electricity.  G. -caustic  Amputation,  an  amputation 
in  which  the  soft  parts  are  divided  with  the  galvanic- 
cautery  loop,  the  bone  being  sawn  through.  G. -cau- 
terization, the  application  of  the  galvanic  cautery. 
G. -cautery.  See  Cautery.  G. -contractility,  mus- 
cular contraction  produced  by  the  galvanic  current. 
G.-emesis,  the  production  of  vomiting  by  galvanism. 
G. -faradization,  the  simultaneous  excitation  of  a 
nerve  or  muscle  by  both  a  voltaic  and  a  faradic  cur- 
rent. G. -hypnotism,  a  hypnotic  state  induced  by 
an  electric  current.  G. -magnetism,  same  as  Electro- 
magnetism.  G. -puncture,  the  introduction  of  fine 
needles,  that  complete  an  electric  circuit,  into  the 
skin  or  other  tissue.  Also,  a  form  of  galvano-cauterv 
employing  a  current  of  the  necessary  electro-motive 
force  to  heat  the  needles  to  whiteness.  G. -therapeu- 
tics.    See  Electro-therapeutics. 

Galvanometer  {gal-van-om'  -ct-cr)  \_Galvani,  an  Ital- 
ian physician  ;  /uirpov,  a  measure].  An  instrument 
used  for  the  qualitative  determination  of  the  presence 
of  an  electric  current. 

Galvanoscope  [gal-van' '-o-skop)  \Galvani,  an  Italian 
physician  ;  okokeIv,  to  view].  An  instrument  for  de- 
tecting the  direction  and  presence  of  a  galvanic  cur- 
rent. 

Galvanoscopy  ( gal-van- os/ -ko-pe)  [Galvani,  an  Italian 
physician  ;  gkotveIv,  to  examine].  The  use  of  the 
galvanoscope. 

Galvanotonus  (gal-vah-ot' '-on-us)  \_Galvani,  an  Italian 
physician;  rovor,  tension].  I.  Same  as  Electrotonus. 
2.  The  "  closing  tetanus."  The  continued  tetanus 
of  a  muscle  between  the  make  and  break  contraction. 

Galvanotropism  {gal-van-ot' '-ro-pizm)  [after  Galvani; 
TpeTreiv,  to  turn  round].  In  biology,  the  turning 
movements  of  growing  organs  under  the  influence  of 
a  current  of  electricity. 

Gambir,  Gambier  i  ^r/w/v/')  [Malayan].  A  kind  of 
catechu  produced  from  the  leaves  and  shoots  of  Un- 
carta  gambir,  a  rubiaceous  plant  of  the  Malayan 
region.  It  has  the  general  properties  of  official  cate- 
chu.     See  also  Pigments,  Conspectus  of.      I'nof. 

Gamboge  (gam-bozk'Y     See  Cambogia  and  Pigments. 

Game  Leg  {gam'-leg).     A  popular  term  for  a  lame  leg. 

Gamenomania  {gam-en-o-ma' -ne-aK) .  See  Gamoma- 
>i  in. 

Gametangium      {gam-et-an'-je-uni)     [ya/iirr/,     wife; 
etov,  a  vessel].     In  biology,  a  cell  or  organ  produc 
ingor  containing  sexual  elements,  or  gametes. 

Gamete  (gam/-et)  [ya/xeiv,  to  marry].  In  biology,  any 
sexual  reproductive  body. 

Gametophyte  ( gamf -et-o-fl(\  [;■«<'■'",.  a  wife/  yafieTr/c, 
a  husband  ;  (pvrdv,  a  plant].  In  biology,  the  sexual 
form   of  such  plants  as  exhibit  alternate  generation. 


Gamgee  Tissue  |.      Absorbent  cotton-wool. 

Gamic  [gam'-ik)  [yd/iog,  marriage].    In  biology,    <xual. 

Gammacism  (gam'-as-izm)  [gammacismus ;  ya/i/in, 
the  letter  G].  Difficulty  in  pronouncing  any  guttural 
consonant  ;    guttural  stammering. 

Gamogastrous     [gam-o-gas/-trus)    [ydfiog,    marriage; 
yaeriip,  tin-    womb].      In  biology,   applird   to  a  i 
pound  pistil  in  which  the  ovaries  only  are  united. 

Gamogenesis  (gam-o-jen'-es-is)  [yd/toc,  marriage; 
y&veaig,  origin].      Nxual  reproduction. 

Gamogenetic     {gam-o-jen-et'-ik)     [yd/tog,    marriage; 
,  origin].      Relating  to  gamogenesis. 

Gamomania  \gam-o-ma' -ne-ali)  [yduog,  marriage; 
fiavia,  mania].      Insane  desire  of  marriage. 

Gamomorphism  i  gam  o-mort-jizm)  [  <j<  •  ,  marriage; 
floppy,  form].      Puberty;   sexual  maturity. 

Gamopetalous  [gam-o-pet'-al-us)  [ydfiog,  marriage; 
■Ktra'/,ov,  a  leaf ].  In  biology,  sympetalous;  having 
the  petals  more  or  less  united. 

Gamophyllous      {gam-O'Jii'  [yniior,     marria. 

ui/'/'ii-.  a  leaf].  In  biology,  symphyllous ;  having 
the  floral  envelops  united  into  a  single  perianth-whorl. 

Gangliac,  Ganglial,  Gangliar  [gang/-gle-ak,gang/ -le- 
al, gang'-lc-ar).      Same  as  Ganglioni  . 

Gangliasthenia  ( gang'  -gle-as-thef  -ne-ah)  [yuyy/tov, 
ganglion  ;  aadkveia,  weakness].  Ganglionic  asthenia  ; 
neurasthenia  due  to  defect  of  ganglionic  function. 

Gangliform  {gang'-glif-orm}  [ydyyfaov,  ganglion; 
forma,  form].  Formed  like,  or  having  the  nature 
of,  a  ganglion. 

Gangliitis  ( gang-gle-i'-tis)  [yayy/tnv,  a  ganglion  ;  inq, 
inflammation].      Inflammation  of  a  ganglion. 

Gangliocytin  [gang-gle-o-si/-lin)  \ydyykuov,  nucleus; 
i.i  -in-,  cell].      Same  as  CytophosphatiJ. 

Ganglioma  (gang-gle-o'-mak)  \ydyyXu>v,  ganglion; 
iiim,  a  tumor://.,  Gangliotnatd\.  A  tumor  or  enlarge- 
ment of  a  lymphatic  ganglion. 

Ganglion  {gang* -gle-ori)  \ydyyhav,  a  knot :  //. ,  G 
lid\.      I.    A  separate   and   semi-independent  nervous 
center  communicating  with   other  ganglia  or  nei 
with  the  central  nervous  system,  and  peripheral  organ-. 

2.  An  enlarged   bursa  in    connection   with  a  tendon. 

3.  A  lymphatic  gland.  G. -capsule,  the  envelop  of 
a  ganglion  containing  the  ganglion-cells  or  nerve-cells. 
G.-cell,  any  one  of  the   nerve-cells  characteristic  of 


Mn.Tiroi.AR  Ganglion-cki.l. 
a.  Axis-cylinder  process,     b.  Pigment 

the  ganglia,  whether  found  in  a  ganglion  or  not.    G.- 
corpuscle,  a  ganglion-cell.      G. -globule,  a  ganglion- 


GANGLIA 


G  W'.l  1  A 


the  prii  is 

iiul  distribu- 
Ganglia,   Basal,  the  ganglia  al   tin-  ba» 


the  brain,  comprising  the  corpora  striata  (caudate 
and  lenticular  nuclei),  thai  ami,  and  corpora  quadri- 
gemina. 


I\BLE   OF   GANGLIA. 


Roots. 

Distribution. 

\                                im. 

•.in-  termination  of 

■ 

i  ranglionic  chain. 

Organ  of  hearing. 

- 

tubercle  of  the  thala- 

ral    minute  ganglia  situated    in 

Sympathetic. 

Sympathetic. 

'. 

Aur: 

mpat 

At   '                  rebrum;   they  include: 
cor|>ora     striata,     thalami,    corpora 
geniculata,    corpora    quadrigemina, 
niger,  nuclei  tegmenti 

'  ~>/>tic,  basal. 

In  the  auricular  septum  of  the  frog's 

heart. 

Sympathetic. 

Heart. 

In  the  auricular  septum  of  the  frog's 
heart. 

1    tin  ination  of  the  cardiac  branches 
of  the  vagus. 

Heart. 

Above  the  root  of  one  of  the  Upper 
im  isor  teeth,  at  the  point  <>t"  commu- 
nication between  the  posterior  nasal 
'     his  ganglion  and  the 
anterior  dental  nerve. 

Dental  nerves. 

Dental  nerves. 

bial. 

In  Mollusca,  near  the  branchia. 

Ganglionic  chain. 

Branchia. 

Bnc< 

hi  Mollusca,  at  the  point  of  union  of 
the  esophagus  with  the  buccal  mass. 

Cerebral  ganglia. 

Nerves  to  the  month 
and  alimentary  canal. 

tperior. 

rior    (Wris- 

till  the  arch  of  the  aorta 

Superficial  cardiac  plexus. 

Cardiac  plexus. 

In  the  lower   part  of  the  cavernous 
neath  the  carotid  artery. 

Filaments  from  the  carotid  plexus. 

Carotid  plexus. 

irtion  of  the  carotid  canal. 

Carotid  plexus. 

F  i  1  am  e n  ts  to  the 
carotid  artery. 

nal. 

i 

Upper  portion  of  the  carotid  canal. 

Carotid  plexus. 

F  i  1  a  in  e  n  t  s  to  the 
carotid  artery. 

'  ian. 

' 

Splenic  plexus. 

1'ilaments  to  the 
spleen. 

milunar  ^an^ion  (q.  v,). 
In  fi                                                    ,.]jac 

Idle 

I  lepatic  plexus.                                      Filaments  to  the  liver. 

lunar  jraiiRlion  (a.  v.). 

1 

thi  head    Thev 

in  1    '.;  m  ■  ■  il 

• 

tin. 

To  the  head 

GANGLIA  503  GANGLIA 

I  ABLE  01    GANGLIA.— Continued. 


Name. 

1   1  'CATION. 

Roots. 

DlSTRIBin  II 

Cerebral,  anterior. 

A  name  for  the  corpus  striatum. 



Cervical,  first. 

See  Cervical,  superior. 

Cervical,  great. 

See  Cervical, 

Cervical,  inferior. 

Between  the  neck  of  the  first  nl>.  and 
the   trau  '.I.    process   of   the  last 
cervical  vei  tebra. 

Three  lower  cervical,  first  dorsal. 

Cardiac  nerves  and 
plexus,  etc. 

Cervical,  lower. 

See  (  i  rvu  al,  inferior. 

Cervical,    middle    or    thy- 
roid. 

Opposite  the   fifth   cervical  vertebra;    Fifth    and    sixth    cervical    nerves, 
near  the  inferior  thyroid  artery.                 spinal  nerves  and  ganglia 

Thyroid  gland,  cardiac 
nerve,    cavernous 

MIS. 

Cervical,  oval. 

See  Cervical,  superior . 

Cervical  (of  vagus  nerve). 

See  Inferior  (of  vagus). 

Cervical,  second. 

See  Cervical,  middle. 

Cervical,  stellate. 

See  Cervical,  middle. 

Cervical,  superior. 

Opposite  the  second  and  third  cervical 
vertebra. 

I-  <>ur  upper  cervical,  petrosal, vagus, 

glossopharyngeal,  and   liyj 
sal  nerves. 

Superior,  inferior,  ex- 
ternal, internal 
branches ;  carotid  and 
cavernous  plexuses. 

Cervical,  third. 

See  Cervical,  inferior. 

Cervical,  upper. 

See  Cervical,  superior. 

Cervical  (of  uterus). 

Near  the  cervix  uteri. 

Filaments    from    the     hypogastri< 
plexus,  sacral  ganglia,  and  sacral 
nerves. 

Uterine  nerves. 

Of  the  chorda  tympani. 

In  Invertebrata,  above  the  Glaserian 

fissure. 

Chorda  tympani  nerve. 

Chorda  tympani. 

Ciliary.                                      j  See  Ophthalmic. 

Of  the  circumflex  nerve. 

On  the  branch  of  the  circumflex  nerve. 

Circumflex  nerve. 

Filaments  to  teres 
minor,  deltoid,  and 
fascia. 

Of  Cloquet. 

Incisor  foramen.                                            Xaso-palatine  nerves. 

Xaso-palatine  nen 

Coccygeal. 

See  Impar. 

Cochlear. 

See  Spiral. 

Corti's. 

See  Spiral. 

Cranio-cervical. 

See  Cervical,  superior. 

Diaphragmatic. 

See  Phrenic. 

Ehrenritter's. 

See  fug u  la  r. 

Ext  raven  tricular. 

A  name  for  the  lenticular  nucleus 

Facial. 

See  Geniculate. 

Of  Frankenhauser. 

See  Cervical,  uterine. 

Frontal. 

In    Invertebrata,   the   ganglion    from     Ganglionic  chain, 
which  arises  the  pharyngeal  nerve. 

Pharyngeal  nerve 

Fusiform. 

See  Cervical,  superior. 

Gasser's  (A.  P.) 

See  Gasserian. 

Gasserian,  or  semilunar. 

Fossa    on    the    anterior   part   of  the     Fifth  cranial  nerve,  carotid  plexus, 
petrosa,   near  the  apex. 

Ophthalmic,  superior 
and  inferior  maxillary 
nerves. 

Geniculate. 

Aqueduct  of  Fallopius.                                Large  and  small  superficial  petro- 
sal. 

Facial. 

Great. 

See  Cardiac,  superior. 

Of  the  hahenula. 

A  ganglion  situated  in  the  trigonum 
habenulae  near  the  thalamus. 

Hepatic. 

Around  the  hepatic  artery. 

■  tic  branches  of  the  semilunar 
ganglion. 

Liver. 

i,  VNG1  I.\  :.ni  GANGLIA 

I  ABLE  i  'i    GANGLIA.— Continued. 


N   IMK 


. 


ir  the  hippocampal 


t,   uniting    the    two  sympathetic 


Roots. 


Distribution. 


Sympathetic. 


Sympathetic. 


Infra 

Interosseous. 
.  crtebral. 


.  ai  foramen. 

In  .</  neath  the  c 

•  i  teeth. 

isl  molar  t.>"ih 


glossal    and    cervical    nerves     Vagus. 
and  various  plexuses. 


iphagus.      <  ranglionic  chain. 


Foot. 


Inferior  maxillary  nerve. 


Interior  maxillary  in  i  \  e. 


■ 


:'is). 
J    in    nuin- 


Bifurcation  of  the  common  carotid  Carotid  plexus. 


The    gray   matter    ol"  the  interoptic 


■  the  wrist 


Near  the  intervertebral  foramen. 


Upper  part  of  the  jugular  foramen. 


Jugular  foramen. 


Interosseous  nerve. 


Spinal  cord. 


Glossopharyngeal. 


Vagus. 


Surrounding  the  subclavian  artery. 


Lenticular. 


See  Ophthalmic. 


Lingual. 


See  Submaxillary. 


Ludw 


Right  auricle  of  the  heart. 


Lumbar  (4  or  5). 


On  each  side  and  behind  the  abdom- 
inal aorta. 


'.!•>  tympanic. 


See  Otic. 


kcl's. 


er's. 

cleric,  in: 


See  Spheno-palatine. 

See  Spheno-palatine. 

tinal 


-iiiin  osa. 


The  inferior  mesenteric  artery. 


teral. 


■  teric,  su| 


' 


ile  of  the  l'"ilv. 


Near  the  origin  of  the  superior  mes- 
enteric artery 


See  Optic,  basal. 


See  Jugular  and  Prostatic. 


See  MeckeT s. 


mbar. 


Ophthalmic. 


See  Renal. 


Junction  of  the  branches  of  the  lum- 
bar and  spermatii  nei  1 


Branches    of   the    inferior  cervical 
ganglion. 


Cardiac  plexus. 


Sympathetic. 


Sympathetic 


Inferior  mesenteric  plexus. 


Superior  mesenteric  plexus. 


Superior  mesenteric  plexus. 


Lumbar  and  spermatic  nerves. 


Posterior  part  of  the  orbit. 


See  Ophthalmic. 


. 


Beneath  the  third  ventricle,  near  the 

"I'tn   ti  1 


See  Optic,  basal. 


See  Ophthalmic. 


Below  the  foramen  ovale. 


Filaments  to  the  teeth. 
Filaments  to  the  teeth. 


Sympathetic. 


Nerves  to  the  carpus. 


Dorsal   root  of  spinal 
nerve. 


Continuation     of    the 
glossopharyngeal. 


Vagus. 


Subclavian  artery. 


Cardiac  plexus. 


Sympathetic. 


Sympathetic. 


Mesentery   and    intes- 
tine. 


Mesentery  and  bowel. 
Sympathetic. 


Kidney  and  lumbar  re- 
gion. 


Nasal    branch    of  the  ophthalmic,    Short  ciliary, 
third,    cavernous    plexus,    and 
Meckel's  ganglion. 


Gray  matter  of  the  cerebrum. 


Inferior  maxillary,  auriculotempor- 
al, glossopharyngeal,  facial,  sym- 
pathetic, and  internal  pterygoid. 


Optic  trad 


Tensor  tvmpani,  ten- 
sor p  a  1  a  t  i  ,  chorda 
tvmpani. 


GANGLIA  505  GANGLIA 

TABLE  OP   GANGLIA.— Continu 


Name. 

Location. 

Roots. 

DlSTRIB 

Pedal. 

See  Infra-esopha^eal. 

Petrosal. 

See  Petrous. 

Petrous  (Andersch's;. 

Petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone, 
lowei  bordei . 

Glosso-pharyngeal. 

1  ympanic,  sympathet- 
ic! \  agus. 

Pharyngeal. 

Near  ascending  pharyngeal  artery. 

1  larotid  plexus. 
Carotid  plexus. 

Carotid  plexus 

Pharyngeal,  soft. 

On    the     lingual     artery,    near     the 
phai  >  ngeal  ganglion. 

Lingual  plexus. 

Phrenic. 

Under  the  diaphragm  at  the  junction 
of    the    right    phrenic    nerve    and 

phrenic  plexus. 

Sympathetic. 

1  1  1  the  diaphragm,  in- 
fei  ior  vena  cava,  su- 
pra-renal capsule, 
hepatic  plexus. 

Phrenic,  major. 

Point  of  union  of  the  phrenic  nerves 
with  the  spinal  and  sympathetic  sys- 
tems. 

Phrenic,  spinal,  and  sympathetic. 

Filaments  to  the  dia- 
phragm. 

Phrenic,  secondary.- 

Near  the  diaphragm. 

Anterior,     superior,    transverse 
plexus. 

Filaments  to  the  dia- 
phragm. 

Phrenico-hepatic. 

Lower  surface  of  the  diaphragm. 

The  phrenic  plexus. 

Filaments  to  the  dia- 
phragm  and  liver. 

Plexiform. 

See  Gasserian. 

Pneumogastric. 

See  Vagus. 

Of  the  portio  dura. 

See  Geniculate. 

Post-esophageal. 

In  insects,  around  the  gullet. 

Cephalic  ganglia. 

Nerves  to  the  mouth. 

Postoptic. 

See  Optic,  basal. 

Pre-e;ophageal. 

See  Cephalic. 

Prostatic  (of  Miiller). 

On  the  prostate. 

Prostatic  plexus. 

Filaments  to  seminal 
vesicles  and  caver- 
nous tissue  of  penis. 

Pterygo-palatine. 

See  Meckel 's. 

Remak's. 

Tissue  of  the  heart,  near  the  superior 
vena  cava. 

Sympathetic. 

Sympathetic. 

Renal. 

Around  the  renal  artery. 

Renal  plexus. 

Renal  artery 

Renal,  anterior  communi- 
cating. 

In  front  of  the  renal  artery. 

Renal  plexus. 

Kidney. 

Renal,  left  aortic. 

Point  of  origin  of  the  renal  artery. 

Renal  plexus. 

Kidney. 

Renal,  posterior  communi- 
cating. 

Behind  the  renal  artery. 

Renal  plexus. 

Kidney. 

Reticulate. 

Medulla  oblongata. 

The  gray  matter  scattered  through 
the  medulla. 

Rhinic. 

See  Meeker s. 

Of  Ribes. 

Anterior  communicating  artery  of  the 
brain.     (It  is  the  upper  termination 
of  the  sympathetic.) 

Branches    from    the    two    superior 
ganglia. 

Sympathetic. 

Sacral  (4  or  5). 

Ventral  surface  of  the  sacrum. 

Sympathetic. 

Sympathetic. 

Sacral,  accessory  (4). 

Along  the  middle  sacral  artery. 

Sympathetic. 

Middle  sacral  artery. 

Scarpa's. 

Near  the  internal  auditory  meatus,  at 
the  point  of  junction   of  the    facial 
nerve  and   the  vestibular  branch  of 
the  auditory  nerve. 

Facial  and  auditory  nerves. 

Internal  ear. 

Schacher's. 

See  Ophthalmic. 

Schmiedel's. 

In  the  carotid  plexus. 

Fifth  nerve,  third  branch. 

Sympathetic. 

Semilunar     (2,    ris;ht    and 
left). 

Near  the  supra-renal  bodies,  in  front 
of  the  crura  of  the  diaphragm. 

Solar  plexus  and  great  splanchnic 
nerves. 

Solar  plexus. 

Semilunar. 

See  Gasserian. 

Solar. 

See  Semilunar. 

GANGLIA  506  GANGLIA 

1  \l;l  i  \.NGLIA— Continued. 


Nv 

Roots.                                    Distribution. 

malic    .iru-ix .  near  the 
Intel                 minal  ring 

rtery. 

formed  l>\    the  inferior 

.  us. 

■rs. 

Sj  mpathetic. 

Cord  and  testicle. 

- 

S\  mpathetic. 
Renal  plexus. 

Sj  mpathetii 

Spermatic  artery  and 
kidm  \ 

S 

E 

no-maxill                  ■< .   near    the 
palaliue  foramen. 

Superior   maxillary,  facial,  sympa- 
thetic. 

Anterior,  posterior, and 
external  palatine,  na- 
so-palatine,  superior 
nasal, Vidian,  pharyn- 
geal. 

tl.  . 

tin-  modiolus 

Cochlear  nerve. 

Filaments  to  the  os- 
st -oils  lamina  and  to 
the  organ  of  Corti. 

- 

- 

• 

The  first  thoracic  (q  v.). 

In   Mollusca,  the    upper    surface    of 
the  stomach. 

Sympathetic. 

Sympathetic. 

S 

•          bhageal. 

See  Meissner's. 

J.U.\\ 

See  Submaxillary. 

Submandibular. 

See  Submaxillary. 

Above  the  submaxillary  gland. 

Submaxillary. 

Gustatory,    chorda    tympani,    sub- 
maxillary, sympathetic. 

Mouth,  submaxillary 
gland,  and  Wharton's 
duct. 

■ 

See  Jugular. 

Jugular  foramen. 

Superior  cervical  and  petrous  gan-  !  Vagus, 
glia,  and  spinal  accessory. 

phageal. 

In  Mollusca,  above  the  esophagus. 

Ganglionic  chain. 

Esophagus 

ry. 

Above  the  canine  tooth. 

Anterior  superior  dental  nerve. 

Anterior  superior  den- 
tal nerve. 

Supra-renal. 

Junction     of     the    great    splanchnic 
nerves 

Solar  plexus. 

Supra-renal  plexus. 

iral. 

rnal    carotid    artery,    near    the 
parotid  gland. 

Superior     cervical     ganglion     and 
carotid  plexus. 

Temporal  region. 

Between  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  vertebra-  and  the  heads  of  the 
ribs 

Sympathetic. 

Splanchnic  nerves  and 
branches  to  spinal 
nerves  and  plexuses 

Thy: 

See  Cervical,  middle. 

See  Cervical,  superior. 

See  Semilunar. 

Canal  between  the  lower  surface  of 
the  petrosa  and  the  tympanum. 

Tympanic    branch    of   the    glosso- 
pharyngeal. 

Tympanum. 

ttimk 

Below  the  jugular  foramen. 

Vagus. 

Vagus. 

' 

•  of  the  second  bicuspid, 
in  in .ii   ol    the  middle    and 
dental  nerves. 

r's. 

Posterior  and  middle  dental  nerves. 

Filaments  to  the  teeth. 

' 

See  Cervical,  inferior. 

\ 

■-at  wall  of  the  vagina. 

Vesico-vaginal  plexus. 

Sympathetic. 

ilar. 

tllopius. 

n  culate  ganglion. 

Vestibular  nerve. 

' 

i     •ac. 

ganglionic 


507 


GAS 


Ganglionic    (gang-gle-on' '-ik)    [yayyXtov,  a  ganglion]. 

Pertaining  to  or  of  the  nature  of  a  ganglion.  G. 
Centers,  masses  of  gray  matter  of  the  br  tin  lying  be- 
tween  the  floor  of  the  lateral  ventricles  and  the  decus- 
sation of  the  anterior  pyramids  "I  the  cord.  They 
include  the  optic  thalami,  corpora  striata,  and  others. 

Ganglionitis  (gang-gle-on-i'-tis).     See  Gangliitis. 

Gangliopathy  (gang-gle-opf -ath-e)  \ydyyktiov,  a  gan- 
glion; jrdflof,  disease] .  Any  disorder  dependent  upon 
a  diseased  condition  ol  a  ganglion;  any  diseased  -tate 
of  a  ganglion. 

Gangraena     |  re'-nah)    [L.].      Gangrene.      G 

contagiosa.      See   Gangrene,    Hospital.      G.  noso- 
comialis.     See  Gangrene,  Hospital,     G.  oris. 
Stomatitis. 

Gangraenosis  (gang-gre-no' '-sis).      See  Gangrenosis. 

Gangrene  (  gang/-gren)  [ydyypaiva,  a  sore,  from  ypaiv- 
eiv,  to  gnaw].  Mortification  or  death  "I  a  part  of  the 
body  from  failure  in  nutrition.  The  putrefactive  fer- 
mentation of  a  dead  limb  or  tissue.  G.,  Circular,  a 
form  of  mortification  occurring  usually  on  some  part 
of  the  lower  extremity,  and  not  exceeding  in  size  a 
silver  half  dollar.  It  involves  the  skin  and  subcuta- 
neous tissues  and  is  accompanied  by  signs  of 
exhaustion.  G.,  Constitutional,  that  dependent  upon 
systemic  disease,  such  as  diabetes,  or  circulatory  dis- 
ease. G.,  Diabetic.  See  Spkaceloderma.  G.,  Dry, 
shriveling  and  desiccation  from  insufficiency  of  blood. 
G.,  Embolic,  that  caused  by  an  embolus  that  cuts  off 
the  supply  of  blood.  G.,  Hospital,  a  contagious  form 
arising  under  crowded  conditions  without  antiseptic  pre- 
cautions. G.,  Moist,  a  form  with  abundance  of  serous 
exudation  and  rapid  decomposition.  G.,  Nosocomial, 
In  tspital  gangrene.  G.,  Primary,  that  without  preceding 
inflammation  of  the  part.  G.,  Pulpy.  See  G., Hos- 
pital. G.,  Secondary,  a  form  with  preceding  inflamma- 
tion. G.,  Senile,  that  attacking  the  extremities  of  the 
aged.  G.,  Symmetric,  that  attacking  corresponding 
parts  of  opposite  sides.  It  is  called,  also,  Raynaud's 
G.  See,  also,  Spkaceloderma.  G.,  White,  a  moist 
gangrene  of  chronic  form,  in  which  there  is  a  serous 
exudate  with  lymphatic  obstruction,  followed  by  com- 
plete anemia.  It  is  unaccompanied  by  the  characteristic 
color-change  of  other  varieties  of  gangrene. 

Gangrenopsis  (gang-gren-op1 '-sis)  [ydyypaiva,  gan- 
grene;   dipec,  the  face].      Synonym  of  Cancrttm  oris. 

Gangrenosis  (gang-gren-of-sis)\yayypaivat  gangrene; 
voaoQ,  disease].  The  condition  of  being  or  of  becom- 
ing mortified  or  gangrenous. 

Gangrenous  (gang' -gren-us)  [ydyypaiva,  gangrene]. 
Pertaining  to  or  being  of  the  nature  of  gangrene.  G. 
Emphysema.     See  Edema,  Malignant. 

Ganja  (gan'-jah)  [Hind.].  Synonym  of  Cannabis  in- 
die a. 

Gannal's  Solution.  A  preservative  fluid  containing 
one  part  of  aluminum  acetate  in  20  parts  of  water. 

Ganoin  (gan'-o-in)  [ydvoc,  brightness].  In  biology, 
the  dense  enamel-like  form  of  bone  of  the  plates  of 
a  ganoid  tish. 

Gant's  Line.      See  Lines,  Table  of. 

Gantelet  (gant'-let).      See  Gauntlet. 

Gape  [gap,  or  gap)  [yAK., gapen,  to  yawn].  To  yawn  ; 
the  act  of  yawning. 

Gapes  (gaps)  [ME. , gapen,  to  gape].  A  disease  of 
young  fowls,  caused  by  the  presence  of  a  nematode 
worm,  Syngamus  trachealis,  in  the  trachea.  See 
Parasites,  (Animal)   Table  of . 

Gaping  (gap'-ing).     See  Pandiculation  and  Yawning. 

Gaps,  Cranial  (gape)  [ME.,  gapen,  to  gape].  Certain 
occasional   congenital   fissures  of  the  skull. 

Garancin  |  gw  an'-sin)  [origin  unknown].  The  product 
obtained  by  the  action  of  concentrated  H2SU4  on  pul- 


verized madder,  at  a  temperature  of  ioo°  C.  (212°  F.). 
It  is  a  valuable  dye.  See  Pigments  Conspectus  op. 
Garbage  (gar' -baj)  [ME.,  garbage,  the  entrails  of 
fowls].  The  refuse  materials  of  kitchen-cookery,  etc. 
G.  and  Waste.  See  Sewage,  Disposal  of.  G.-cart, 
Flannagan  Automatic,  a  variety  of  cart  much  u 
for  the  collection  of  garbage.  G. -furnace,  a  fur- 
nai  e  in  use  in  c  iii'-  and  towns  to  consume  the  waste 
material  of  the  pla<  e. 

Garbling    (gar'-bling)    ['  >\    .     arbeler,  to  sift], 
assorting  ol  a  drug  and  its  separation  into  k> 
different  quality. 

Garcinia  (gar  <tu'  e-ah)  [after  Laurent  Garcin,  a  French 
botanist].  A  genus  of  guttiferous  trees  of  Old-world 
tropical  regions.  G.  hanburii,  G.  morella.  G.  pic- 
toria,  and  G.  travancorica  afford  gamboge.  G. 
mangostana  yields  the  palatable  fruit  called  inango- 
steen. 

Garden  Rocket.     See  Eruca  saliva. 

Garel,  Sign  of.     See  Signs  and  Symptoms,  Table 

Gargarism  (gar* -gar-izm)  [yapyapi{  .  to  gargle:  //. , 
Gargarismata\      A  gargle. 

Garget  (gar'-get)  [ME  .  ■■  at,  tin:  throat],  i.  A 
swelling  of  the  throat  in  swine  or  cattle.  2.  A  hard, 
knotty  condition  of  tin-  uddei  in  cows,  that  sometimes 
follows  calving,  due  to  the  sudden  distention  of  the 
bag  with  milk  ;  it  is  attended  with  inflammation.  At 
times  it  is  tuberculous  in  nature.  It  is  also  called 
'•  Weed"  and  Mammitis.  G.-root,  a  name  improp- 
erly given  to  the  root  of  Phytolacca  decandra  1  see 
Phytolacca) ;  so  called  because  it  is  regarded  as  a  cure 
for  garget  in  cows. 

Gargle    (gar'-gl )    [Fr. ,   gargouille,  the    throat].       I 
rinse  or  wash  the  interior  of  the  throat  and  upper  part 
of  the  pharynx.      Also,  a  wash  for  the  throat. 

Gargling  (gar'-gling)  [Fr. ,  gargouille,  the  throat]. 
Rinsing  the  throat.  G.,  von  Troltsch's  Method  of, 
the  patient  takes  a  mouthful  of  fluid,  throws  back  the 
head,  and  then,  instead  of  making  the  customary 
"gurgle,"  allows  the  liquid  to  pass  as  far  down  as 
possible.  The  act  of  deglutition  1-  then  performed, 
without,  however,  letting  the  fluid  be  -wallowed. 

Garland  (gar^-land).     See  Karyokin 

Garlic   (gar'-lik).     See  Allium. 

Garnet-brown.     See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Garretson's  Bandage.     See  Bandage. 

Garrod's  Theory.  The  theory  that  gout  is  due  to  an 
increase  in  the  uric  acid  in  the  blood,  either  from  in- 
creased production  or  diminished  elimination.  The 
alkalinity  of  the  blood  is  also  lessened ;  hence  the 
urates  are  deposited  in  the  tissues.  G.'s  Test. 
Tests,   Table  of. 

Garrot  (gar'-ot)  [Fr. , garotter,  to  bind].  An  instru- 
ment for  compression  of  an  artery  by  twisting  a  cir- 
cular bandage  about  the  part. 

Garroting  (gar'-ot-ing)  [Sp.,  garrote,  strangulation  by 
means  of  an  iron  collar].  In  forensic  medicine, 
a  term  used  in  England  to  signify  the  forcible  com- 
pression of  a  victim  .-.neck  by  robbers  or  criminals. 

Garrulity  (gar-oo/-lit-e)  [garrire,  to  prattle].  Talka- 
tiveness.     G.  of  the  Vulva.     See    Vulva. 

Garrya  (gar^-e-aA)  [after  Garry,  a  botanist].  Cali- 
fornia fever-bush ;  skunk-bush,  or  quinin-bush.  The 
leaves  of  G.  fremontii,  a  bitter  antiperiodic,  popular 
on  the  Pacific  coast  as  a  remedy  for  malarial  diseases. 
1  >ose  of  the  fid.  ext.  rrrx-xxx.      I  not". 

Garryin  (  gar*-  '-in)  [Garry,  a  botanist].  An  alkaloid 
said  to  exist  in  the  leaves  of  Garrya  fremontii. 

Gartner,  Canals  or  Ducts  of.     See  Canal. 

Gas  (gaz).  Any  substance  that  is  normally  aeriform. 
Substances  normally  in  a  liquid  or  solid  state  are 
usually  called    vapors  when  changed  to  the  aeriform 


GASK1  LL'S  CI  AMP 


508 


GASTROCEPHALITIS 


condition.     G. -black.     -  of. 

G.,  Nitrous  Oxid. 

Gaskell's  Clamp. 

Gasolene  nadol.     A  product  ob- 

tained it. .in  petroleum,  I  >oc  <    ;  s] 

->oo  to  .  lii-  used 

in    the  extraction  of  oils  from  oil-seeds   and  in  cai 

buret  ti 
Gasp    [Ml  yawn].      1"   catch    for  breath. 

n  mouth. 
Gasser's  Arteries.    v  G.'s  Gang 

lion.      -  G.,    Nerve  of.     See 

Gasserian  Arteries  G.  Gang- 

lion. 
Gaster  itomach].      The  stomach ; 

tin  o.      G.  basalis,  the  apical  canal,  pedun- 

hydroid  polyps.     G. 
buccalis,  the  esophagus  of  Medusae.      G.  centralis, 
the    central    cavity  of    Medusae.     G.  coronaris,  the 
i   ..i    Medusae.      G.  principales.     See  Axo 

Gasterangiemphraxis      (  fas  -  ter-  an-je-  em  -fraks'  -  is) 
itomach;  .  vessel ;  fy%>af to,  obstruc- 

tion],     i  on  of  the  stomachic  blood-vessels. 

l'\  li  i]  ic  obstruc  tion. 
Gasterasthenia  u  the,-ne-al£)\yaariip,  stomach; 

1,      WCakness    or   debility  of   the 

nil. 

Gasterataxia  ' -e-ah)  ["/aarr//>,  stomach; 

disorder],    Disordered  state  of  the  functions  of 
the  stomach  ;  that  state  of  the  stomach-walls  in  which 
ae  parts  are  hardened  or  thickened,  while    others 
are  softened  or  inflamed. 
Gasterechema        •    ter-ek-e'-mak)    [yatmyp,  stomach; 
.  sound],      A  sound  heard  in  the  auscultation  of 
• 
Gasterectasis      i  fas-ter-ek' -fas-is)      [yaarr'/p,  stomach  ; 
.  dilatation].      Dilatation   of  the  stomach;  it  is 
usually  due  to  pyloric  obstruction,  but  may  also  result 
i    muscular  weakness,  and    from    over-distention 
from  excessive  eating  and  drinking. 
Gastero-  '-ter-o-)  [,  ielly].      See  Gastro-. 

Gasterotheca    [gas-ter-o-tAe/-iaA)    \yaorf}p,  stomach; 

rotheca~\         In  biology,  the  part 
the  pupa  or  chrysalis-case  that  covers  the  abdomen. 
Gasterozobid,  Gastrozobid  (gas-ter-o-zo'-oid,  gas-tro- 
imach;  ii.mv. animal ;  eif5oc,form]. 
In   biology,  one  of  the   nutritive    zooids    of  a    polyp- 
col 
Gastraea  .,,  stomach  ;  pi.,  Gastraa\. 

In  1  .11    ckel  -  term  for  a  hypothetic,  primeval, 

twi  alar  organism ;  the  supposed  ancestral 

ol   the  present  Metazoan. 
Gastraenv.a  \h).      See  Gastremia. 

Gastral  lomach].      Pertaining 

•iric. 
Gastralgia,    Gastralgy  xl'-je-ah,   -je)  [yaoriip, 

,  pain].      Pain    in     the    stomach.      A 
»ia. 
Gastrea  I  itomach].     In  biol< 

an   animal    the    morphologic     development    of   which 

Gastrectas;.i  See  Gastrectasis. 

Gastrectasi-  stomach  ; 

ling  out].     Dilatation  of  the  stomach. 
Gastrectomy  ,,     stomach; 

'  tion  ol    any  diseased 

Gastrelcobrosis  '  itomach; 

ling].      I  li  eration  of  the 


Gastrelcosis      ( gas-trd-k& '-ji  [;<;<rr//p,     stomach; 

i/Mjmi',  ulceration].      Ulceration  of  the  stomach. 

Gastremia  (gas-trP-me-aA)  [yaorfip,  stomach;  tuna, 
blood].      (  ongestion  of  the  coats  of  the  stomach. 

Gastrenteralgia  {gas-tren-ter-al' -je-aA)  [yaa-Hip,  stom- 
ach v,  intestine;  a/^oe,  pain].  Neuralgia  of 
the  stomach  and  bowels. 

Gastrenteromalacia     (  gas  -  tren  -  ter-  o  -  mat  -a'-  se-ah) 
\yaarfip,  stomach ;  evrepov,  intestine;  fiaXania,  soften 
ing].      Softening   of  the  Stomach    and    intestines 
serted   by  some  to  be    merely  a  post-mortem    condi- 
tion). 

Gastreum  [gas^-tre-um)  [yaorfip,  stomach].  In  biol- 
Ogy,  the  under  or  ventral  surface  of  a  bird. 

Gastric  {^gas* -trik)  \yaorfip,  stomach].  Pertaining  to 
the  stomach.  G.  Artery.  See  Arteries,  Table  of.  G. 
Crisis,  a  severe,  paroxysmal  attack  of  pain  in  the 
stomach,  accompanied  by  obstinate  vomiting,  faintness, 
and  occasionally  by  slowness  and  irregularity  of  the 
pulse.  These  crises  are  met  with  in  locomotor  ataxia, 
q.  v.  G.  Digestion,  that  part  of  the  digestion  of  food 
performed  by  the  gastric  juice  ;  the  conversion  of  albu- 
minous bodies  into  peptones.  G.  Fever.  See  Fever. 
G.  Fistula,  a  perforation  or  communication  other 
than  the  normal  one  between  the  stomach  and  peri- 
toneal cavity,  or  with  the  outer  part  of  the  body.  G. 
Follicles.  See  Glands,  Peptic.  G.  Insufficiency, 
a  term  applied  to  the  early  stages  of  dilatation  of  the 
stomach.  G.  Juice,  the  normal  secretion  of  the  tubu- 
lar, peptic  glands  of  the  stomach.  It  is  a  clear,  colorless 
liquid,  having  an  acid  reaction,  and  containing  from  .5 
to  2  per  cent,  of  solid  matter  in  solution.  A  small  amount 
of  hydrochloric  acid,  .2  to  .4  per  cent.,  and  a  ferment 
called  pepsin,  are  the  essential  elements.  G.  Plexus, 
a  subdivision  of  the  solar  plexus  distributed  to  the 
stomach.  It  joins  branches  of  the  left  pneumogastric 
nerve.  See  Plexus.  G.  Veins,  two  veins  of  the 
stomach  ;  the  lesser  one  is  called  the  pyloric,  the  greater 
the  coronary.      See   Vein. 

Gastricism  [gas/-tris-izm)  [yaoriip,  stomach].  I.  The 
theory  that  ascribes  most  diseases  to  some  gastric  de- 
rangement.    2.   A  gastric  disorder. 

Gastrimargia,  or  Gastrimargism  (gas-trim-ar'-je-a/i, 
or  -Jizm)  [yaori/p,  belly;  fidpyog,  greedy].  Insane 
or  furious  gluttony. 

Gastritic  [gas-trif '-ik)  [yaorijp,  stomach].  Pertaining 
to  or  affected  with  gastritis. 

Gastritis  {gas-tri' -tis)  [yaorr/p,  stomach ;  trig,  inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation  of  the  coats  of  the  stomach. 
It  may  be  acute  or  chronic.  G.  polyposa,  that  form 
associated  with  a  rough,  wrinkled,  mammillated 
condition  of  the  gastric  mucous  membrane. 

Gastro-  {gas'-tro-)  [}aarr/p,  stomach].  A  prefix  de- 
noting some  relation  with  or  complication  of  the 
stomach. 

Gastro-adenitis  [gas/-tro-ad-en-i/-tis)  \yaariip,  stom- 
ach; aSfp>,  gland;  trig,  inflammation].  Inflammation 
of  the  glands  of  the  stomach. 

Gastro-arthritis  [gas-tro-ar-thrif -tis)  h  aari/p,  stomach  ; 
apdpov,  a  joint;  trig,  inflammation].  Gout  in  the 
stomach  and  joints  at  the  same  time. 

Gastrobrosis  [gas-tro-brof-sis)  [}<mTr/p,  stomach;     >/"■' 
trig,  a  gnawing].     Perforating  ulcer  of  the  stomach. 

Gastrocele  (gas'-tro-sBl)  [yaorfjp,  stomach ;  */,>//,  her- 
nia].    A  hernia  of  the  stomach. 

Gastrocelus  [gas-tro-se' -lus)  [yaoTfip,  stomach ;  KolXng, 
hollow].  In  biology,  applied  to  <>ne  of  the  depres- 
sion- at  the  base  of  the  second  abdominal  tergita  in 
certain  insects. 

Gastrocephalitis  [gas-tro  rej  al-if-tu)\yaaTiip, stomach; 
1 .'//,,  head  ;    irir,    inflammation].     Concurrent    in- 
flammation of  the  stomach  and  of  the  brain. 


GASTKOCHOI.IA 


509 


GASTR<  I  PERICARD]  1  I  - 


Gastrocholia  (  gas-tro-ko' -le-ah  )  \ycurrijp,  stomach  ; 
X>>/>/,  bile].      Concurrent  gastric  and  bilious  disorder. 

Gastrocnemius  {gas-trok  nef-me  us)  [_yaar/,p,  stomach  ; 
kvi/uji,  leg].     See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Gastrocolic  {gas-tro-kol' '-ik)  \yaartip,  stomach  j  k&Xov, 
the  large  intestine].  Pertaining  to  both  the  stomach 
and  the  colon. 

Gastrocolitis  {gas-tro-ko-W -tis)  [yaorqp,  stomach; 
Mi/in',  colon  ;  inq,  inflammation].  Concurrent  inflam- 
mation of  the  stomach  and  large  intestine. 

Gastrocolotomy  {gas-tro-ko-loV '-o-tne)  [yaaT^p,  stom- 
ach; k6Xov,  colon;  rifiveiv,  to  cut].  The  establish- 
ment of  an  artificial  communication  between  the  stom- 
ach and  the  colon. 

Gastrocolpotomy  {gas-tro-kol-pof '-o-tne)  [;  aorfip, stom- 
ach; koakoc,  vagina ;  rqiveiv,  to  cut] .  The  operation  of 
Cesarean  section  in  which  the  opening  is  made  through 
the  linea  alba  into  the  upper  part  of  the  vagina. 

Gastrocystis  (gas-tro-sis'-tis)  [yaoryp,  belly;  k!otic, 
bladder].  In  biology,  the  singledayered  blastodermic 
vesicle  of  mammals. 

Gastroderma  (  gas-tro-der1 '-mah  )  \yaoTfyp,  stomach  ; 
Stpjia,  skin].  In  biology,  the  lamina  gastralis,  or 
intestinal  epithelium. 

Gastrodialysis  (gas-tro-di-alf-is-is)  [yaari/p,  stomach; 
natc,  a  loosening].  A  solution  of  continuity  in  the 
gastric  wall. 

Gastrodiaphane  (gas-tro-di' -af-dn  )  [yaori/p,  stomach  ; 
did,  through  ;  ifiaiveiv,  to  show].    See  Gastrodiaphanv . 

Gastrodiaphanoscopy  (  gas' -tro-di-af-an-os' -ko-pe  ) 
[yaarijp,  stomach;  Sid,  through;  tyaiveiv,  to  show; 
ononelv,  to  inspect].  The  examination  of  the  stomach 
by  means  of  the  diaphanoscope. 

Gastrodiaphany(  giis-tro-di-af  -an-e)[yaarijp,  stomach  ; 
Sid,  through  ;  tjmiveiv,  to  show].  A  method  of  ex- 
ploration of  the  stomach  by  means  of  the  gastrodia- 
phane. This  consists  of  a  soft  stomach-tube,  at  the 
gastric  extremity  of  which  is  placed  an  Edison's  hard- 
glass  lamp,  from  which  conducting  wires,  containing 
a  current-interrupter,  run  to  a  portable  storage  battel  v. 
The  stomach  should  be  free  from  food  and  moderately 
distended  with  water.  The  gastric  extremity  of  the 
gastrodiaphane,  after  being  lubricated  with  oil  or  gly- 
cerin, is  introduced  into  that  viscus,  and  the  circuit  is 
closed.  If  no  pronounced  thickening  of  the  anterior 
stomach  wall  exists,  trans-illumination  in  a  dark  room, 
with  the  patient  erect,  permits  the  outlines  of  the 
stomach  to  be  seen  as  a  zone  of  reddish  hue  on  the 
abdominal  wall. 

Gastrodidymus  ( gas-tro-did'  -im-us)  \_yanrr/p,  stomach; 
SiSvfioc,  double].  A  double  monstrosity  with  one  ab- 
dominal cavity. 

Gastrodu»denal  (gas-tro-du-o-de' -nal)  [yaari/p,  stom- 
ach ;  duodeni,  twelve  each].  Pertaining  to  the  stom- 
ach and  the  duodenum. 

Gastroduodenitis  (gas-tro-du-od-en-i'-tis)  \yaorfip, 
stomach  ;  duodeni,  twelve  each  ;  inq,  inflammation]. 
Inflammation  of  the  stomach  and  duodenum. 

Gastroduodenostomy  ( gas' 'tro-du-od-en-cs' '-to-me  ) 
[}acnv/fj,  stomach  ;  duodeni,  twelve  each  ;  ardfin, 
mouth].  A  surgical  operation  upon  the  stomach  and 
the  duodenum,  in  which  a  new  passage  from  the  one  to 
the  other  is  established. 

Gastrodynia  (gas-tro-din'-e-ah)  [yaorTjp,  stomach  ; 
bSinn),  pain].  A  mild  pain  in  the  stomach.  See  also 
Gastralqia. 

Gastroectasis  (gas-tro-ek'-tas-is).  Same  as  Gastrec- 
tasis. 

Gastro-electrization  (gas-tro-e-tek-triz-a' '-shuti)  [;  aci- 
t/'/i>,  stomach  ;  i/Arnrpnr,  amber].  The  therapeutic  ap- 
plication of  electricity  to  the  stomach. 

Gastroelytrotomy      (gas-tro-el-it-roi'  -o-tne)      [;«< 


stomach;    IXvrpov,  .>   sheath;    roui/,   a   cutting].     A 
method  ofperforming  *  'esarean  set  ti<  >n.     An  incision  is 
made  into  the  vagina  (after  the  abdominal  section  i,  in- 
stead ot  into  the  uterus,  and  if  the  child  canno 
tracted  in  this  way,  an  ini  ision  is  made  into  the  OS  uteri. 

Gastroenteralgia  -h\      \yao\ 

stomach;   hrrepov,  bowel  ,  pain].     Concurrent 

p. tin  in  tin    stomach  and  bowels. 

Gastroenteric    |  n-ter'-ik)    Yyaorfjp,   stomach; 

tirrepov,    bowel].      Pertaining    to    both    stomach    and 

bowels. 
Gastroenteritis    {gas-tro-en-ter-i' -tis)    \yaariip,    stom- 
ach; hrrepov,  bowel;  trig,  inflammation].    <  oncurrenl 
inflammation  oi  stomach  and  bowels. 

Gastroenterostomy  (  ^as-tro-en-ter-o 

stoma  li  ;  1 1  repoi  .  bowel  ;  ardpa,  mouth].  Formation 
ot  a  1 1st ul on,  communication  between  thi  st  mach  and 
the  small  intestine  in  obstruction  of  the  pylorus. 

Gastroenterotomy     [gas-tro-  n     r-of '-o-tne)     \yaa 
stomach;  tvrepov,  bowel ;  riftveiv,to  cut].      Intestinal 
incision  through  the  abdominal  wall. 

Gastroepiploic  {gas-tro-ep-ip-lo* -ik)  [yaariip,  stomach; 
rrXoov,  caul].     Pertaining  to  stomach  and  omentum. 

Gastro-esophageal     (gas-tro-e-s  [yam 

stomach;  olacxpdyog,  the  esophagus].  Pertaining  to 
both  the  stomach  and  the  esophagus 

Gastrofaradization  i  fas' '-/ro-far-ad-iz-a' '-shun)  [/aff- 
rijp,  stomach;  Faraday"].  The  application  of  farad- 
ism  to  the  stomach. 

Gastrogalvanization  I  fas'  tro  -  ;-<//-  van  -  iz-a'  -  shun) 
[yourf/p,  stomach;  Galvani"\.  The  application  of 
galvanism  to  the  stomach. 

Gastrohepatic  (gas-tro-he-pat'-ik)  [yao-Hjp,  .-tomach ; 
>,~ap,  the  liver].      Relating  to  both  stomach  and  liver. 

Gastro hysterectomy      (  gas'-tro-liis-ter  -  ek' -to-me) 
\yaarrjp,  the    stomach;      varipa,  the  womb;   eicropi/, 
a  cutting  out].     The    Porro-Cesarean   operation. 
Operations,   fable  of. 

Gastrohysterotomy    [gas-tro-his-ter-of '-o-tne)    \yaart 
stomach;     varipa,    womb;     ripveiv,  to   cut].        1  he 
Cesarean  section,  q.  v. 

Gastrolith  {gas' -tro-lith)  [;aor//p,  stomach;  TaBog,  a 
stone].  A  calcareous  formation  in  the  stomach  ;  gas- 
tric calculus ;   bezoar. 

Gastrolithiasis  (gas-tro-Uth-i' -as-is)  \jaazijp,  stomach; 
/iftiaaiq,  the  formation  of  calculi].  A  morbid  con- 
dition associated  with  the  formation  of  gastroliths. 

Gastrology  (gas-troP-o-je)  [ynar^p,  stomach;  '/.6yoq, 
science].      A  treatise  on  the  stomach  and  its  functi 

Gastromalacia  {gas-tro-tnal-a'-se-ah)  [,  "  -tom- 
ach ;  fia/.aKta,  softening].  An  abnormal  softening  of 
the  structural  tissue  of  the  stomach  ;  it  is  generally  be- 
lieved to  be  due  to  post-mortem  acidity. 

Gastromelus  (gas-trow' -el-us)  [yaorf]p,  stomach;  / 
limb].     A  monster  with  accessory  limbs    attached  to 
the  abdomen. 

Gastromenia  (gas-tro-me,-ne-ah)\j  acrr,<.  -tomach  ;  uiyv, 
month].      Vicarious  menstruation  by  the  stomach. 

Gastrometritis  [gas-tro-nu-trV-tis)  [  n  -tomach; 
urjrpa,  womb;  trig,  inflammation].  Gastritis  con- 
current with  metritis. 

Gastromycetes  (gas-tro-tni-se'-te;)  [yam  ■  stomach; 
into/c,  mushroom].  A  group  of  fungi,  the  spores  of 
which  are  enclosed  in  a  cavity  or  pouch. 

Gastropancreatic      (gas-tro-pan-l-n-at'  [yaai 

stomach;  irdyxpeag,  pancreas].  Both  gastric  and 
pancreatic. 

Gastropathy  (gas-trop' -ath-e)  [yanri/p,  stomach  ;  nnfioq, 
disease].      Any  disease  or  disorder  of  the  stomach. 

Gastro-pericarditis  [gas-tro-per-ik-ar-di'-tis)  [}aff-i;p. 
stomach  ;  irepi,  around;  mipfiia.  heart  :  mg,  inflam- 
mation].    Gastritis  concurrent  with  pericarditis. 


GASTROPERIODYNIA 


510 


GAZEOL 


Gastroperiodynia 

mach  ;    t  period  ;  .  pain].     Periodic 

stralgia. 
Gastrophrenic  tomach; 

iaphragmj.      Relating  to  both  stomach  and  dia 
phragm. 
Gastroplegia  stomach; 

croke].     Paralysis  of  the  stomach. 
Gastropore  stomach ;     - 

re]        In    biology,  the  mouth-opening  of  a  gaster- 

Gastroptosis  i,  stomach :  irr 

fall]  t  downward  displacement  <>l  the 

h. 

Gastro-pylorectomy  r-ekf-to-me)  [yaorfip, 

st, ,  i  ;   EKTOfiJ/,  excision], 

Surj  ortionof  the  stomach. 

Gastropyra  tomach  ; 

tin.-].      Inflammation  or  phlegmasia  of  the  stomal  b 
Gastrdrrhagia  [yaorr/p,    stomach; 

sk  forth].      See  Hematemesis. 
Gastrorrhaphy  |  a-ft  |  [;■  aoryp,  stomach  ;  / 

suture].     Suture  of  wounds  of  tin-  abdominal  wall  or 
tach. 
Gastrorrhea   i  ^as-tror-e* '-ah)   [yaarifp,  stomach  ;  poia, 
a  flow].      I  secretion,  or  regurgitant  How,  of 

trie  mucus  or  liquid. 
Gastrorrhexis      (gas-tror-eks'-is)     [;a(rr///>,     stomach; 

iking].     Rupture  of  the  stomach. 
Gastroscope  stomach  ;  oKorreiv, 

An  instrument  for  viewing  the  interior  of  the 
It  i'oiiM>ts  essentially  of  a  tube  with  an  in- 
ent  electric  light  and  reflecting  prisms. 
Gastroscopy      {gas-tros'-ko-pe)      [yaorijp,      stomach; 
.  to  see].     The  inspection  of  the  interior  of  the 
mach  by  means  of  the  gastroscope. 
Gastrosis    |  [yaorqp,  stomach;  vdaog,  dis- 

)astroses\.     A  general  term  for  any  disease 
the  abdomen  or  of  the  stomach  only. 
Gastrosphongioma    {gas-tro-sfon-je-o'-mah)    [yaorqp, 
•nach;   it  .  sponge;   bfia,  tumor:    //. ,  Gastro- 

matd\.     A  fungosity  of  the  stomach. 
Gastrosplenic      {gas-tro-splenr -ik)    \yaaTrjp,  stomach; 
n].      Relating   both    to  the  stomach  and 
the  - 
Gastrosplenitis  [gas-tro-splen-i'-tis)  [.  stomach; 

.  spleen;  trig,  inflammation].      Inflammation  <>t 
mach  and  spli 
Gastrostege  '  tro-stej)    [yaorr/p,    stomach,    oreyr], 

a  roof].      In   biology,   one  of   the    short,  wide,  trans- 
or  scales  that  cover  the  ventral  surface  of 
.ike. 
Gastrostenosis   [gas-lro-ste-nt/sis)   [yaorfp,  stomach; 
narrow].      A   stricture   or  morbid  contraction 

of  t  I'll. 

Gastrostomy      ( gas-trosf -to-me)      [yaori/p,     stomach; 
h]       The  establishing  of  a  fistulous  open- 
i.ich. 
Gastrosuccorrhea       (  ///)       [yaorf/p, 

.  a  How].     Reichmann's 
disease;   hj  tion  of  the  gastric  juice. 

Gastrothoracic  [yaarr/p,    belly  ; 

thorax].      Pertaining  both  to  I  mi  n  and 

Gastrotome  imach;   7-////,, 

A  cutting  instrument  used  in  gastrotomy. 
Gastrotomy  | 

it].      In  i  the  abdomen  or  I  ach. 

Gastrotrichous 

.-.  hair].      In  biology,  having  the  ventral   surfai 
the  liated. 

Gastro-typhoid    {gas'-iro-ti'-foid)   |  stomach; 


smoke].     Typhoid  fever  with  pronounced  gas- 
tric symptoms. 
Gastrovascular  (gas-tro-vas/-hu-lar)[yaoT^p,  stomal  li ; 
ulum,  a  little  vessel].     Common  to  the  functions 

of   digestion    and    circulation,   as    the    body-cavity   of 
si  rone  animals. 

Gastroxia  Igas-troks* '-e-ah)  [yaori/p,  stomach;  bgvg, 
acid].  Abnormal  acidity  of  the  contents  of  the 
stomach. 

Gastroxynsis  lgas-troks-inf-sis)  [yaorfip,  stomach; 
bi-vvetv,  to  irritate].  Rossbach's  term  for  hyperchlor 
hydria ;  a  periodic  form  of  nervous  dyspepsia  with 
hyperacidity  of  the  gastric  juice.  It  is,  in  fact,  a 
neurosis  of  secretion  that  maybe  quite  independent  of 
the  time  of  digestion.  It  is  a  rare  condition,  and  is 
associated  either  with  profound  neurasthenia  or  with 
locomotor  ataxia.  It  is  marked  by  a  gnawing,  un- 
pleasant sensation  in  the  stomach,  severe  headache, 
and  the  vomiting  of  a  clear,  watery,  intensely  acid  se- 
cretion. 

Gastrula  [gas'-tru-lah)  [ynori/jt.  belly:  />/. ,  Gastrula;]. 
In  biology,  a  stage  in  the  development  of  Metazoans, 
in  which  the  germ  consists  of  a  twodayered  sac,  pro- 
duced by  the  invagination  of  the  one-layered,  hollow 
germ-sphere,  the  blastula. 

Gastrulation  (gas-tru-la'-shun)  [ynori//),  belly].  In 
biology,  the  process  of  formation  of  the  gastrula  by 
the  invagination  of  the  blastula. 

Gastruria  [gas-tru/-re-ah)  [yaorfip,  stomach;  aitpov, 
urine].     A  supposed  passage  of  urine  into  the  stomach. 

Gate-vein  (gat'-van).    An  old  name  for  the  portal  vein. 

Gathering  Xgath'-er-ing)  [ME., gadering,  a  gathering]. 
A  popular  name  for  an  abscess,  pustular  inllammation, 
or  suppurating  sore. 

Gattine  {gat-Ht')  [F.].      A  disease  of  the  silk-worm. 

Gaubius'  Table.     See  Dose. 

Gaule's  Experiment.     See  Cytozoon. 

Gaultheria  ( ga;sl-thef-rc-afi)  [after  Dr.  Gaidtier,  a 
Canadian  physician].  Wintergreen,  Teaberry.  The 
leaves  of  wintergreen,  G.  procumbens,  an  evergreen 
plant,  with  properties  due  to  a  volatile  oil,  methyl 
salicylate,  which  is  also  found  in  black  birch  and  several 
other  plants.  It  is  stimulant,  astringent,  and  antipy 
retic,  and  is  used  in  rheumatism  and  gout,  or  when 
salicylic  acid  is  indicated.  G.,  Ol.,  oil  of  winter- 
green, much  used  as  a  flavor.  Dose,  TTLiij— x.  G., 
Spt.,  oil  of  wintergreen  5,  alcohol  95.  Dose,  ^ss-ij. 
G.  fragrans,  of  India,  affords  an  identical  oil. 

Gaultherilene  [gawl-ther' -il-en)  [after  Dr.  Gaultier,  a 
Canadian  physician],  C10H,8.  A  peculiar  hydro- 
carbon found  in  the  oil  of  gaultheria.  It  is  a  colorless, 
yellow  or  reddish  liquid,  of  a  peculiar  strong  and  aro- 
matic odor,  a  sweetish,  warm,  and  aromatic  taste,  a 
slightly  acid  reaction,  and  a  specific  gravity  of  about 
1. 180.     It  is  readily  soluble  in  alcohol. 

Gaulthier's  Reagent.     See   Tests,   Table  of. 

Gauntlet  [gahnf-let,  or gawnP '-let)  [OF '. ,  gantelet ',  dim. 
oigant,  a  glove].  A  surgical  bandage  that  covers  the 
hand  and  lingers  like  a  glove.      See  Band 

Gauze  (gawz).  A  thin,  open-meshed  cloth  used  for 
surgical  dressings.  When  impregnated  with  antiseptic 
solutions  or  substances  it  is  called  antiseptic  gauze,  or. 
according  to  the  substance  used,  it  is  spoken  of  as 
iodoform-gauze,  sublimate-gau  <•,  etc.     See  Carbasus. 

Gavage  (gav-ahzh')  [Fr.].  1.  The  regular  feeding  of 
an  infant  with  freshly  drawn  mother's  milk,  through  a 
small,  soft  catheter  passed  into  the  stomach  at  each 
feeding.  2.  The  administration  of  liquid  nourish- 
ment through  the  stomach  tube. 

Gavard's  Muscle.     Sec  Muscles,   Table  of. 

Gay-Lussac's  Laws.     See  Law. 

Gazeol   (gaz'-e-ol)   [Yx.,gaziol\     A  mixture  of  naph- 


GEBER'S  GLOMERULES  511 

thalin,  I  part ;  benzene,  10  parts;  acetone,  IO  parts; 

coal-tar,  loo  parts;    aqua  ammonix  (20    per   cenl 
1000  parts  ;  it  is  recommended  as  affording  a  vapor 
for  inhalation   in  whoopi  h. 

Geber's  Glomerules.  The  convolutions  of  the  terminal 
branches  of  the  nerves  supplying  the  epithelial  lining 
of  the  mouth. 

Geddes'  Fluid  Extract.     See  Abies. 

Geissler's  Apparatus.  An  apparatus  for  estimating  the 
quantity  of  carbonic  acid  in  a  carbonate. 

Geissospermin,   or    Geissin    [gi-so-spe7-/-tnin,  or 
sin)  [yeiaaov,  cornice;  airip/ia,  seed],  (.',,,1  l.J4X,< ).,  -+- 
I !.,().      An  alkaloid  from  the  bark  of  Geissospermum 
lave;  it  is  a  depressant  of  the  respiration  and  of  tin- 
cardiac  action. 

Geissospermum  ^gi-so-sper'-mum)  [}nc;oov,  cornice  ; 
OTvipua,  seed].  A  genus  of  apocynaceous  trees.  G. 
laeve  and  G.  vellosii,  of  Brazil,  afford  Pao-pereira 
("pear-tree")  bark,  an  active  febrifuge  and  astrin- 
gent.     Unof. 

Geitonogamy  [gi-ton-og/-am-e)  [  yeiruv,  a  neighbor; 
ydfiog,  marriage].  In  biology,  fertilization  of  one 
flower  by  pollen  from  another  flower  of  the  same 
plant. 

Gelasma  {jel-az1 '-mah)  \_-.i{tac>ua,  laughter],  or  Gelas- 
mus  (jel-az'-mus)  [}e/.a<x-oc,  laughable].  Insane  or 
hysteric  laughter. 

Gelatin  (  ft I'-at-in)  [gelare,  to  congeal].  An  albumi- 
noid substance  of  jelly-like  consistence,  obtained  by 
boiling  skin,  connective  tissue,  and  bones  of  animals 
in  water.  The  glue  of  commerce  is  an  impure  variety. 
See  Glue.  G.Bath.  Sue  Bath.  G.,  Blasting.  See 
Blasting  Gelatin.  G.  Capsules,  capsules  of  gelatin 
designed  for  containing  medicines  of  nauseating  taste. 
G.  Culture-medium,  a  jelly  made  by  a  solution  of 
the  best  commercial  food-gelatin  in  the  proportion  of 
6,  8,  or  10  parts  to  loo  of  water,  with  I  or  2  parts  of 
dried  peptones  or  glucose  (the  latter  not  to  be  used  if  the 
culture  is  to  be  made  on  slides)  for  increased  nutri- 
tive value.  Bicarbonate  of  soda  is  used  to  neutralize 
the  acid  reaction.  This,  in  bacteriology,  is  simply 
known  as  Gelatin.  G. -dynamite.  See  Blasting 
Gelatin.  G.,  Liquid,  a  substance  for  fastening  paper 
to   glass,  wood,  or  paper;   its  formula  is:  — 

Gelatin  or  clear  glue, 75  to  100  grams  (3X) 

Commercial  acetic  acid  (No.  8) iooc.c.  (3.4c 3) 

Water iooc.c.  (3.4  fS) 

95  per  cent.  Alcohol 100c  c.  I3.4  f  3) 

Glycerin 15  to  30  c.c.  (\i  to  1  fS) 

Crush  the  glue  and  put  it  into  a  bottle  with  the  acid  ; 
set  in  a  warm  place  and  shake  occasionally.  After 
three  or  more  days  add  the  other  ingredients.  G., 
Medicated,  a  soft  basis  consisting  of  gelatin  3,  zinc 
oxid  3,  glycerin  5,  water  9  parts,  to  which  antiseptic 
or  other  medicaments  may  be  added.  It  is  preferable  to 
greasy  ointments.     All  unof.    G.  Sugar.    See  Glycin. 

Gelatinigerous  [jel-at-in-if'-er-us)  [gelatina,  gelatin  ; 
gerere,  to  bear].  In  biology,  applied  to  such  organ- 
isms as  secrete  a  gelatinous  investment. 

Gelatinoid  ( jel' '-at-in-oid ')  [gelare,  to  freeze;  eldoc, 
likeness].  I.  Resembling  gelatin.  2.  Any  member 
of  a  class  of  nitrogenous  substances,  including  chon- 
drin,  collagen,  elastin,  gelatin,  etc 

Gelatinous  {jet-af '-in-us)  \_gelare,  to  freeze].  Resem- 
bling or  having  the  nature  of  gelatin.  G.  Tissue. 
See  Animal  Tissue. 

Gelatio  {jel-af -she-o)  [I-].     Synonym  of  Frostbite. 

Gelation  {jel-a' -shun)  [gelatio,  a  freezing],  1.  Freez- 
ing; congelation;  also  frost-bite,  or  chilblain.  2. 
<  atalepsy. 

Geld  [ME. ,  gelden,  to  castrate].  To  castrate;  to  emas- 
culate. 


GEMINOUS 

Gelding  (gel'-ding)  [ME..,  gelding,  a  eunuch].   1.   I 

(ration.     2.  A  castrated  person  or  animal. 
Gelidium    [iel-id* -e-um)    [gelum,   cold],     A  genu-  of 
seaweed.     G.  corneum,  affords  gelosin,  and  others, 
as  G.  spiniform,  supply  some  portion  ol  the  agar  ■: 
of  commerce. 

Gelle's  Experiment.  A  diminution  of  the  bone-con- 
duction of  sound  resulting  from  the 
air  in  the  external  auditory  canal. 

Gellert's  Green.     Same  as  Rinmann's   Gt 

Gelose  (  jet-fa'")  [gelare,  to  freeze].     1.   The  gelatiniz- 
ing   principle    "i    agar-agar.       2.    A    culture-medium 
used  in  bacteriologic  investigation.     Gelatin  liqu< 
at  230  or  240  C,  and   1-  thus   inferior    to  gelose  !"i 
those  cultures  that  require  a  higher  degree  <.t  In-.;' 
their  proper  development     Agar-agar  contains  a  1 
siderable  proportion  of  chemic  gelose.     < )(  the  agar- 
agar  a  jelly  is  mai  |.  ,  2  to  3  parts  (to  loo)  of  dried  pep- 
tone added;    io  to  15  pari     "i   this  substance  I 
parts  of  water,  with  I  to  5  of  glycerin,  form  a  nutri- 
tive jelly  which    is  called  gelose,  from  its  essential  in- 
gredient.     It  is  also  called  Parabin. 

Gelosin  i  j,i'-o-sin)    [gelare,  to  freeze].      A    mucilage 
resembling  gelose,  and  extracted  from  some  kind-  ol 
agar- agar  and  from  various  species  of  algae.      It  1-  sol 
uble  in  water  and  alcohol,  and  is  an  excellent  excipient 
lor  powder-,  tincture-,  and  salt-,  ami  is  serviceable  in 
bacterial  cultures.      Unof. 

Gelsemin    {jelr -sem-in)     [  vtinum,    jasmine].      1. 

CjjH19N02,  a  poisonous  .alkaloid  from  Gelsemium, 
q.  7'.  2.  A  precipitate  or  resinoid  from  a  tincture 
of  the  root-bark  of  Gelsemium  sempervirens ;  it  i-  a 
febrifuge,  antispasmodic,  emmenagogue,  and  nar- 
cotic; dose  5  to  1  grain.     Unof. 

Gelseminin  (jel-sem'-in-in)  [gelseminum,  jasmine]. 
An  alkaloid  of  Gelsemium.  It  is  an  amorphous  yel- 
lowish-white, bitter,  very  poisonous  powder,  soluble 
in  ether  and  chloroform,  less  so  in  alcohol  and  water. 
Dosegr.  ^-^5- 

Gelsemium  (j'el-se/-me-um)  [gelseminum,  jasmine], 
CnH19N02.  Yellow  Jasmine.  The  root  of  G.  sem- 
pervirens, abundant  in  the  southern  U.  S.,  with  prop- 
erties mainly  due  to  an  alkaloid,  gelsemin,  a  powerful 
motor  depressant,  antispasmodic,  and  diaphoretic.  In 
toxic  doses  it  produces  diplopia,  extreme  muscular 
weakness,  and  anesthesia,  death  occurring  from 
phyxia.  It  is  useful  in  exaltation  of  nerve-action  and 
in  cerebro-spinal  meningitis,  and  is  especially  valuable 
in  remittent  and  malarial  fevers.  Dose  gr.  ij-xx.  G., 
Ext.,  Alcoholic  I'.,  l.i.  Dose  gr.  %-%.  G.,  Ext., 
Fid.,  alcoholic.  Dose  rt^ij-xx.  G.,  Tinct.,  15  per 
cent,  in  strength.  Dose  n\x-^j.  Gelseminin,  the 
alkaloid.  Dose  gr.  ,',.-:„■  G.,  Hydrochloras, 
freely  soluble  in  wat  gr.  ^-jV    G.,  Hydro- 

chlorat.,  Liq.,  one  grain  in  one  dram.  Dose  mj- 
iij,  hypodermaticaUy. 

Gely's  Suture.     See  Suture. 

Gemellus  (  jem-el'-us)  [dim.  of  geminus,  twin].  Double. 
In  pairs.  G.  Muscle,  the  gastrocnemius  muscle,  on 
account  of  its  double  origin.      See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Gemina  f  jem'-in-ah)  [I...  twins].  A  name  for  the  cor- 
pora quadrigemina,  or  optic  lobes.  They  constitute 
the  larger  part  of  the  mesoccelian  roof. 

Geminate  {jem'-in-at)  [geminus,  a  twin].  In  pairs. 
In  biology,  parts  that  are  disposed  in  pan 

Geminiflor'ous  {jem-in-if-lo' -rus)  [geminus,  twin; 
flos,  flower].  In  biology,  applied  to  plants  that  pro- 
duce flowers  in  pairs. 

Geminous   {jem' '-in-us)  [geminus, a.  twin].      Same  as 

minute.     G.   or  Connate    Teeth,  twin-formation 

of  two   teeth  from  the  occurrence   of  a  double  dental 

germ  in  a  single  sac,   from  which  are  developed  two 


•  IMA 


512 


GEN1  1  ALIA 


teeth  of  the  same  cla>-,  when  normally  there  should  be 
but  one. 
Gemma  1    ,a  -  ■•■  bud,  a  germ:   //., 

1  me  oi  the  various  asexual 

■  luctive  bad-like  ,  !l1- 

Gemmation  ■    '"    put    forth 

bads].     In  cual  reproduction  by  budding, 

a-  distinguished  from  fission  and  free-cell   formation. 
i  certain  '  '   in   the 

•  .  and    .  among  animals, 

in  which  the  bud  arises  as  an  evagination  of  the  ecto- 
ilerm  •    ;lll<1     ^!ul' 

Gemmipara,  Gemmipara  xh,       [gemma, 

■A  bud  ;  ice].     In   biology,  organisms 

that  r<-:  by  buddii 

Gemmule   |  ■'  little  bud  ;    dim.  of 

.i  bud]       In   b  one  <>t   the  small 

bu  .  mmiparous    organism.      (b) 

In  Darwin's  theor)  of  i  -.  one  of  the  invisible 

granules  >t  atoms,  being  given  off  continually  by  all 

the  cells  of  the  nveyed  into  the  blood  and  cir- 

ated    through  the  body  to  finally   settle  down    in 

oth  cially  the  germ-cells.      Each  gemmule 

is  s  i  the   cell  from  which  it  is  de- 

1,  and  the  gemmules  of  the  different  cells  become 

»e  in  th  rder  a-  that  in   which    the  corres- 

each   other  in  the  ontogeny 

of  the   parent.      GaltOD   accepted    the   "  gemmule  hy- 

besis,"  but  denied  the  circulation  of  the  gemmules. 

Brooks  attributes  to  the  male  germ-cell  a  particularly 

:    attraction   for  the   gemmules,  so  that 

it  collect-  a  special  mass  of  them  and  stores  them  up. 

,    Bioph         D     rminant,    Id,    Idioplasm, 

H 

Gena  (  i-  f-nak)  [L.,  the  cheek  :  //.,  Genee].    In  biology, 

applied  to  a  rather  poorly  defined  region  on  the  side 

of  the  head  of  various  animals  ;   the  cheek. 

Genal  i  ie'-nal)   [ytwg,  the  cheek].      Relating  to  the 

r  cheek. 
Genepi  5<  :  Genipi. 

Genera       «'    r-ak)  [L.].      Plural  of  Genus,  q.v. 
General  neralis,  of  a  kind].     Common 

al.     G.  Anatomy,  histology,  es- 
pecially    comparative      histology.  G.      Anemia, 
deficiency  of  hemoglobin  in  the  blood. 
G.  Paralysis,  or  Paresis.                 aralysis,  General, 

Generale         n      •  '    |  [Fr.].     Synonym  of  Influenza. 
Generate  ,  to  beget].     To  beget ; 

:  the  same  kind. 
Generatio     aequivoca     (  jen-er-a' '-she-o  e-kwiv' -o-kaK) 

[I .  ]       :  \  Equivocal. 

Generation  ■'  sluoi)  itio,  a    begetting]. 

The  begetting  or  production  ofoffspring.     G.,  Altern- 
ate, in  rnation  of  asexual  with  sexual 
ring  oi  one  process  differing  from 
thai  i!  fern  and  the  sexual 
cual  hvdroid  polyp  and  the  sexual 
G,  Alternations  of.  rnations  of 
G.,  Equivocal,  >|iontan  ition ; 
birth   fi                               another  form  ; 
G.  Fissiparou                        ;/.    G.,  Organs  of,  n 
that  are  functional  in              iction;  the  genitalia.     G., 
Spontaneous.                                       aeration  of  living 
;i  non  living  matl 
Generator                                                        nerate].    Oni 
wh                                                                G.-gas,  a  gas 
formed  from  (■>.\\,  varying  in  composition  according  to 

md  ill.-  manner  of  work- 
j;  it  is  used  and  lor  the  production  oi 

heat  an  I 


Generic  (  jen-er'-ik)  [genus,  a  kind].  l'ertaining  to 
the  same  genus. 

Genesial  [jen-e,-ze-al\  [ylveotf,  origin].  Pertaining 
to  generation.  G.  Cycle,  the  periods  of  ovarian, 
uterine,  and  mammary  activity  into  which  the  re- 
productive  life  of  the  female  is  divided;  the  first  ex- 
tending from  puberty  to  conception,  the  second  from 
conception  to  gestation,  and  the  third  from  gestation 
through  lactation. 

Genesiology  (  jen-e-ze-ol' -o-je)  [ytveavc,  reproduction  ; 
>./  i  nee].      The  science  of  reproduction. 

Genesis  (  jen,-es-is)\ykviavc,  production].  The  act  of  be- 
getting ;  development ;  origin;  formation;   generation. 

Genetic  (jen-e^-ik)  [ytveaic,  generation].  Pertaining 
to  generation,  or  to  anything  inherited.  G.  Affinity, 
relationship  by  direct  descent. 

Genetous  I  jen'-et  us)  [ytueavc,  generation].  Congenital; 
existing  from  some  point  or  period  in  fetal  life  ;  as 
genetous  idiocy. 

Genevrette  [zken-a-vref)  [Fr.].  A  drink  made  by 
the  fermentation  of  wild  fruits  with  juniper-berries  and 
wine  ;   it  is  popular  in  parts  of  Switzerland. 

Genga's  Bandage.     See  Bandage. 

Genial  (  je'-nc-al)  [gena,  chin].  Pertaining  to  the  chin. 
G.  Tubercles,  four  prominent  tubercles  on  the  inter- 
nal surface  of  the  lower  jaw. 

Genian  {je'-in --an)  [gena;  yivetov,  chin].  Pertaining  to 
the  chin. 

Geniculate,  Geniculated  (jen-ik'-u-ldt,  -ed)  [genicu- 
lare,  to  bend  the  knee].  In  biology,  kneed,  or  ab- 
ruptly bent.  G.  Bodies,  the  corpora  geniculata  ;  two 
oblong,  flattened  bodies  on  the  outer  side  of  the  cor- 
pora quadrigemina  and  under  the  back  part  of  the 
optic  thalamus.  See  Geniculum.  G.  Ganglion 
Same  as  Intumescentia  gangliformis. 

Geniculum    [jen-ikf-u-/uni)    [genu,    knee].     One  of 
the  two  eminences  on  the  latero  caudal  aspect  of  the 
diencephal  ;  the  post-geniculum  ismesad  and  more  dis 
tinct,  and  the  pre-geniculum,  laterad  and  less  distinct 

Genio-  {je'-ne-o-)  [yheiov,  the  chin].  A  prefix  denot 
ing  connection  with  the  chin.  G.-hyoglossus  Mus 
cle.  See  Muscles,  Table  of.  G.-hyoid  Muscle 
See  Muscles,   Table  of. 

Genioplasty  (  je' ' -ne-o-plas-te)  [yiveinv,  chin  ;  ir'kaoaEiy 
to  form].  Plastic  surgery,  or  a  plastic  operation,  upon 
the  chin. 

Genipap  [j'en/-epap)  [native  Guiana,  Genipapo\  The 
agreeable  edible  fruit  of  Genipa  americana ,  a  rubiaceous 
tree  of  tropical  America.  Cataplasms  are  made  of  the 
unripe  fruit. 

Genipi  (j'en/-ip-e)  [Fr. ,  ginipt].  A  green  bitter-sweet 
cordial,  or  liquor,  made  from  Alpine  herbs  of  the 
genera  Artemisia,  Achillea,  etc. 

Genista  (jen-is' '-tali)  [L.].  A  genus  of  leguminous 
plants.  G.  canariensis,  affords  some  part  of  the  so- 
called  oil  of  rhodium.  G.  purgans,  of  W.  Europe, 
is  purgative  and  emetic.  G.  tinctoria,  dyer's  broom, 
i>  diuretic  and  purgative.      Unof. 

Genital  (  jen'-it-al)  [genitalis,  pertaining  to  genera- 
tion]. Pertaining  to  the  organs  of  generation  or  to  re- 
production. G.  Cord,  the  union  of  the  two  duct-  .i 
Wolff  and  of  Miiller  to  form  a  common  cord  in  the 
embryo.  G.  Eminence,  or  Tubercle,  an  elevation 
appearing  about  the  sixth  week  of  embryonic  life,  in 
front  of  the  cloaca,  and  from  which  the  penis  or  clito- 
ris is  developed.  G.  Fissure,  a  furrow  extending 
from  the  genital  eminence  of  the  embryo  to  the  cloaca. 
G.  Folds,  two  plications  at  the  side  of  the  orifice  of 
the  cloaca,  G.  Furrow.  Same  as  G.  Fissure.  G. 
Sense,  the  degree  of  vigorousness  of  the  development 
oi  I  1 1  i     1 1 

Genitalia  (jen-it-a'-Ie-ah)  [genitalis,  pertaining  to  gen- 


GENITALIA! 


513 


'.I  NYPLAS  I  V 


eration].  The  organs  of  generation.  In  the  male 
these  consist  of  two  testicles  or  seminal  glands,  with 
their  excretory  ducts;  a  musculo  glandular  organ,  the 
prostate,  which  provides  a  matt  rial  for  the  dilution  of 
the  semen  ;  an  organ  of  copulation,  the  penis  ;  and  a 
canal,  the  urethra,  piercing  the  prostate  and  penis,  and 


9__ 

7 

/7s 

3 

M 

I 

1 

?, 

i 

II 

External  Genitalia  of  Female. 
I.  Labia  majora  of  right  side.     2.  Fourchet.    3.  Labia  minora. 
4.  Clitoris.     5.  Urethral  orifice.     6.  Vestibule.     7.  Orifice  of 
the  vagina.    8.  Hymen.    9.  Orifice  of  the  vulvovaginal  gland. 

10.  Anterior  commissure  of  the  labia  majora.     11.  Orifice  of 
the  anus. 

serving  for  the  transit  of  the  generative  and  urinary 
secretions.  The  female  genitals  include  an  external 
part,  the  vulva,  and  the  vagina,  or  passage-way  leading 
to  the  internal  organs  ;  the  latter  include  the  ovaries, 
or  organs  of  ovulation,  with  their  ducts  or  Fallopian 
tubes,  and  the  uterus,  a  musculo-mucous  sac  in  which 
the  ovum  undergoes  development  and  by  which  the 
fetus  is  ultimately  expelled. 

Genitalist  ( Jen' -it-al-ist)  [genitalis,  pertaining  to  gen- 
eration]. One  who  is  a  specialist  in  the  treatment  of 
diseases  and  affections  of  the  genital  organs. 

Genito-  (jen'-it-o-)  [genitus,  begotten,  from  gignere,  to 
be  born].  A  prefix  denoting  connection  or  relation  to 
the  genital  organs.  G.-anal,  pertaining  to  the  geni- 
tals and  the  anus.  G. -crural.  See  Nerves,  Table  of . 
G. -enteric,  relating  to  the  genitals  and  to  the  intes- 
tine. G. -spinal  Center.  See  Center.  G. -urinary, 
relating  to  the  genitals  and  the  urinary  organs. 

Gennari,  Line  of.     See  Lines,   Table  of. 

Genoblast  {Jen* -o-blast)  [yivog,  sex ;  S^acrrdc,  germ]. 
I.  The  nucleus  of  the  impregnated  ovum,  regarded  as 
bisexual.     2.   An  ovum  or  spermatozoid. 

Genocatachresia  (jen-o-fcat-ak-re'-ze-ah)  [yiroc,  sex; 
KnTdxpr/mr,  misapplication].  Perversion  of  the  sexual 
in-tinct. 

Genometabole    ( jen-o-me-tab'-o-le)   \ytvoc,  sex  ;   1   ' 
8o7J],  change].     The  modification  of  sexual  character 
that  may  follow  the  menopause. 

Gentele's  Green.     See  Pigments,  Conspeetns  of. 

Gentian,  or  Gentiana  (  icn'-she-an.  or  jen-she-a'  nan) 
[gentiana,  gentian].  The  root  of  G.  lutea,  a  Euro- 
pean, and  of  G.  catesb,?i,  an  American  species,  a  sim- 
ple, non-astringent  bitter.      It  is  highly  esteemed  as  a 

33 


stomachic  tonic  in  convalescence   from  acute  diseases 
and   malarial   lever.     G.-blue. 

G.,  Ext.     Dose  gr.  j-v ;  dose  ol  the   British   extract 
gr.  ij-x.      G.,  Ext.,   Fid.      D  ~  G.,    Infu- 

sum,  Comp.,  unof. .  gentian  10,  bittei 
.,  alcohol  40,  water  to  m 
-      3J.     G.,  Mist,,  Alkalin., unof. ,  dil.  1  mic 

■ !  tnjij,  sodium  l<ii  arb.  gr.  xv,  infus.  gentian.  1  omp. 


tn  make    ^j. 


G.  et  Sennae,  Mist.,  unof., 


infu  na  3  iij,  comp.  tii  3 

infus.  of  gentian  3  vj.  Dose  5  x.  G.,  Tinct.,  Comp., 
con'  I   in  1    .  bitter  01  1  .}.  card 

dil.  alcohol  tr,  id  ake  100.      D  ~    —  ij. 

Gentiogenin  •  in'crin. 

Gentiopicrin  bik'-riri)    [gentiana,  gentian; 

bitter],  <    ,  1 1    '  '         1  he  prim  nstituent 

of  Gentian.      Ii  uliar,  intensely  bitter,  crystal- 

line  glucosid,    forming    clear,   radii  • 
needles,  soluble  in   water  and   dilute  alcohol,   insolu- 
ble in  ether.      I  >iluti  igar  and 
mn,  a  yellow,  bitter,  neutral  powder. 

Gentisin    ( jen'-r  ntiana,  gentian],   C,4H 

A  coloring-matter  contained  in  g 
tallizi  How  needles. 

Genu   (je'-nu\  [genu,  the  knee:    pi. ,  Genua}.    1. 
knee     2.    .\ii\  In  nt  or  knee-sha]  •  the 

!«  of   the  corpus  callosum,  or  of   the    optic  tract. 
G.  corporis  callosi,  the  cephalic  reflected  part  of  the 
bus   callosum.     G. -cubital,     relating  to  the  knee 
and  the  elbow ;  as  the  Genucubiia  surgery. 

See  Postun  G.  extrorsum,    out-knee  ; 

outward  bowing  of  the  knee  ;  bow  leg.  G.  facialis, 
the  curved  portion  of  the  bundle  of  rootlet-  emerging 
from  the  subnuclei  of  thi  and  causing, 

together  with  the  underlying  nidus  of  the  abducens, 
the  Eminentia  facialis  on  the  floor  of  the  fourth 
tricle.  G. -pectoral,  relating  to  the  knee  and  the 
chest.  G.-p.  Posture,  the  (so-called)  Knee-cln  -t  1  - 
ture.  See  Postures,  Table  of.  G.  recurvatum,  the 
backward  curvature  of  the  knee-joint.  G.  valgum, 
inward  curving  of  the  knee ;  knock-knee ;  in-knee. 
G.  varum.     Same  as  G.  extrorsum. 

Genual  (  ien'-u-al)  [genu,  the  knee].  Pertaining  to  a 
knee  or  to  a  genu. 

Genuclast  (jen'-u-klast)  [genu,  knee  ;  •>  break]. 

An  apparatus  for  the  forcible  correction  of  knee-joint 
deformities  or  adhesions. 

Genuflex     ( jen-u-Jhk.<')    [genu,  knee;    f  ent]. 

Bent  at,  or  like,  the  knee.      Also,  bent  at  any  joint. 

Genuflexion,  Genuflection  {Jen-u-flek' -shun)  [genu, 
knee  ;  flexus,  bent].  The  bending  or  flexion  of  the 
knee. 

Genuflexuous  {jen-u-fUks' -u-us)  [s renu,  knee  ;  flexus,  a 
bending].  In  biology,  zig-zag,  with  knee-like  bend- 
ings. 

Genus  [jef-nus]  [genus, a.  family:  //. ,  Genera"].  A  spe- 
cies or  a  number  of  species  marked  by  one  or  more 
common  characteristics  that  distinguish  them  from 
other  groups  of  species. 

Genyantralgia      (  jen-e-an-tral' -je-ah)      [  jaw , 

avrpov,  cav.   ;  .   pain].      I'ain  or  neuralgia  in  the 

antrum  of  Ilighmore. 

Genyantritis  (  ien-e-an-tri/-tis)  [yiwr,  jaw;  avrpov, 
cave;  inr,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the  geny- 
antrum. 

Genyantrum,  or  Genyantron  {jen-e-an'-trum,  or  -/ 
[;  twq,  jaw  ;   avrpov,  cave].    The  maxillary  antrum,  or 
antrum  of  Ilighmore. 

Genyplasty  ■  -rn'-e-plas-te)  [yewr,  cheek,  chin,  jaw; 
rrX&aoEiv,  to  form].  An  operation  for  reforming  or  re- 
storing the  cheek  or  jaw,  imperfect  eitheT  from  injury 
or  from  congenital  malformation. 


..I  •  >l:l  AM 


.Ml 


GERM 


Geoblast  nn].      In 

biology,  a  plumule  that  in  germination  ris  re  the 

•  Mini,  lea  ■  that  <>t 

the  ; 

Geoffroyu  rench 

G.  spin- 
ulose   and    G.  vermifuga 

Geogenous  1  ro- 

i  plants  as  grow 
ally 

Geographic  Tongue  im  of 

th,  •  uh  sinuous,  rnap- 

tinate    in    its 
bildren. 
tropho  ; 
Geography  .    to 

irth's 
with  rel  •   and  the  distri- 

ility. 
Geolin  ,  oil].     A   trade- 

lin. 
Geology  .  earth;  ■].      The 

of  the  structural  development  of  the 
th. 
Geomalism  earth  ; 

a].      In  organisms  to  ad- 

just thei  if  gravitation  by  sym- 

metric growth  in  horizontal  plani 
Geomaly  -  malism. 

Geometry  .a  measure]. 

•   mathematic   science  that  treats  of  the 

Geophagia  bhagism. 

Geophagism  earth  ;  ipayelv,  to  eat]. 

i  eating  or  clay-eating;  chthono- 

Geophagist  ,  to  eat]. 

iter. 
Geophagous  [;//,    earth.  ,    to 

eat].  dirt-eatii 

Geophagy  See   Geophagism. 

Geophilous  .  loving]. 

In  !■  ertain  snails. 

Georgia    Bark  ih  )    [after    King    i  ,    of 

I].        The    hark  of    /  .a   tree 

1  to  be  febrifuge.     Unof. 

Geotropic  '  ik)   \yfj,  earth;   Tpiireiv,  to  turn], 

■  .r  turning  toward  the  earth;  exhibiting  a 

u  th.      The  roots  of 

Geotropism  rth ; 

tum].     I  iid  other 

vnward  toward  the  earth. 
Geotrop;.  tropism. 

GephyTocercal  bridge  ; 

.  tail].      In  biology,  applied    t<>  fishes  in  wh 

by  tin.'  union    of   the 

Geraniin  geranium].      A  pre- 

bill,   Geranium 
It    stimulates  and  •  diber 

es,  etc. 
I  ■  i  - .     1 '  i 

Geranium 

macula- 

and  gallii    acids. 

G.,  Ext., 

PTd.      I  I  •-•■  rt\v    z 

Geratic     fer+al'  ild  age].      Relating  to  old 


Geratology  (jer-al-ol'-o-Jf)  L.  '''■>  '" 

speak].      That   department  of   biology  that  treats  "I 

the  decadence  and  gradual  extinction  of  a  group  of 

•  irganisms. 
Gerber's  Food.     A  variet)  of  infantile  milk  food  having 

the    following  composition:   Water,  6.78;   fat,  2.21 ; 

grape  sugar  and  milk-sugar,  6.06  ;  cane-sugar,  30.50; 

starch,  38.48 ;  soluble  carbohydrates,  44. 76 ;  albumi 

noids,  9.56  '•  ash.  I.2I. 
Gerdy,    Fibers  of.     Sec  Fibers.     G.,    Ligament  of. 

See  Ligament. 
Gerhardt's  Sign.     See  Signs  an, I  Symptoms,   Table  of. 

G.'s  Test.     See   Tests,  Table  of.     G.,  Type  Theory 

of,  the   molecules  were   considered  as  residues  that 

remain  unaltered  in  certain   reactions. 

Gerlach's  Ammonia-carmin.  See  Stains,  Table  of. 
G.'s  Carmin  Mass,  a  warm-flowing  mass  for  injecting 
sues.  Dissolve 5  gm.  of  carmin  in  a  mixture  of  4.CC 
<>i  water  and  0.5  c.c.  of  ammonia.  Allow  the  solution 
tn  stand  several  days,  and  mix  with  S  parts  of  a  solution 
of  gelatin,  I  to  2.  filler  and  inject  at  a  temperature 
of40°C.  G.'s  Network,  or  Plexus,  an  exceedingly 
delicate  fibrous  network  of  the  finest  nerve  fibrils  in 
gray  matter  of  the  cord.  G.'s  Theory,  pertains 
to  the  connection  of  the  nerve  fibers  and  ganglionic 
cells  of  the  cord.  G.'s  Tubal  Tonsil,  a  granular  con- 
dition sometimes  noticed  at  the  orifices  of  the  Eusta- 
chian tubes  in  chronic  inflammations  in  this  region, 
and  due  to  swelling  of  the  muciparous  glands  of  the 
tube.  G.'s  Valve,  the  fold  of  mucous  membrane  that 
-urrounds  the  mouth  of  the  vermiform  appendix. 

Gerlier's  Disease.  An  affection  (of  farm-hands)  charac- 
terized by  sudden  paroxysms  of  ptosis,  vertigo,  mus- 
cular paresis,  and  cervico-occipital  pain.  ases, 
Eponymic  Table 

Germ  (jer»/)  [L.,  germen,  sprig,  offshoot,  em- 
bryo]. In  biology,  (a)  a  portion  of  matter  potentially 
vital  and  having  within  itself  the  tendency  to  assume 
a  definite  living  form  (Harvey);  a  spore,  a  seed,  an 
embryo,  (b)  A  microbe  or  bacterium.  G.-area, 
the  germinal  area,  the  germinal  disc,  area germinativa, 
the  spot  on  an  ovum  where  the  development  of  the 
embryo  begins.  G.,  Asexual,  or  Unisexual.  See 
Parthenogenesis,  Germ-plasm,  Evolution,  and  Repro 
duction.  G.-band,  in  embryology,  one  of  the  bands 
that  unite  to  form  the  primitive  streak.  G.-cell.  1. 
The  germinal  vesicle  in  a  non-fertilized  ovum.  2.  The 
ovum  that  has  been  impregnated,  but  which  is  still  a 
single  cell;  a  cytula,  or  a  blastomere  ;  a  simple  sphere. 
also  Heredity.  G.,  Dentinal,  a  tooth-papilla,  or 
tooth-pulp.  G.  of  Disease,  the  special  virus  orspore 
through  which  a  disease  becomes  communicable.  G.- 
disc.  See  G.-area.  G.  Epithelium,  cylindric  cells 
on  the  surface  of  the  median  plate  of  the  mesoblaM  . 
G. -flesh.  See  Sarcophyte.  G. -gland,  a  germ  produ 
cing  gland  ;  an  ovarj  oi  a  testicle.  G.-history,  ontog 
G. -layer,  in  biology,  anyone  of  the  mem 
branesof  a  developing  germ, as  the  blastophylla,  epibt 
mesoblast,  hypoblast,  endoderm,  ectoderm,  mesoderm, 
somatopleure ,  splanchnopleure.  G. -plasm,  in  biolog) , 
a  term  introduced  by  Weissmann  to  indicate  the  repro- 
ductive or  hereditary  substance  of  living  organisms. 
It  is  held  to  contain  all  tin-  primarj  constituents  of  the 
entire  organism;  it  is  never  produced  neogenetically, 
but  is  ever  passed  on  from  the  germ-cell  in  whi<  h  art 
organism  originates  in  direct  continuity  to  the  germ 
Is  of   succeeding  gen  It  causes  the  pro 

duction  of  the  new  individual  by  directing  the  proi 
of  division  in  ontogeny,  in  the  course  of  which  it  be 
comes  1  hanged  in  a  regular  manner.      It  is  compo 
primarily  of  biophores  (a.  v.  1  or  beajrers  of  vitality,  the 
1    units  that  exhibit  vital   fori         '   I     *>angenil 


GERMAN 


;>  1 5 


GIAN'J  ISM 


of  De  Vries,  physiologic  units  ol  Herbert  Spencer, 
plastiduUs  of  Elsberg,  and  plasomes  <>l  Wiesner.) 
These  biophorcs  unite  into  groups  i  ailed  determinants 
((j.  v.),  each  of  which  is  a  primarj  constituent  "I  a 
cell.  Groups  ol  determinants  in  turn  combine  to  fi 
ids  (Cf.  ancestral  germ-plasms),  which  correspond  to 
tin-  small  granules  hitherto  called  micro-somata  (a 
The  ids  again  form  groups  called  idants  (a. v.),  which 
correspond  with  the  chromat  i   rod-like 

granular   masses  of  chromatin  in  the   nu  G.- 

plasma,  the  protoplasm  oi   the  ovum  oi   germ,  sup 

posed  In   determine    the    chai  ofl 

spring;    the    physical    basis  ol    hereditj    and  of   the 

conservation  of  the   species.      Its  alleged   unchange 
ableness   is   called    "the    immortality   ol    the   germ- 
plasma."     See  Protoplasm.     G. -plasms,  Ancestral, 
\\  eismann's  term  for  bodies  of  a  highly  complex  con 
stitution,  each  containing  all  the  primary  constituents 
that  are  necessary   to  the   formation  of  an  organism 
("  Ahnenplasmen  "  ),  afterward    supplanted    by   the 
word   id,  </.  v.).     G.-pore,   in    cryptogamic    botany, 
a   simple    pit    in    the   coat  of  a  spore  or  an 
that  serves  as  a  place  of  exit    for  the   tubular   out- 
growths  from  the   spore  at   the  time  of  germination 
(De     Bary).     G.-sac,    the    vesicle    constituting   the 
blastoderm    of   mammals.        G.,    Specific,    same    as 
Germ.    G. -theory,  the  doctrine  of  the  origin  of  every 
organism  from  a  germ  or  germ-plasm  \  bla 
as  distinguished  from  /.  .  or  spontaneous  gen- 

eration. Also  the  doctrine  that  certain  diseases  are  de- 
pendent upon  the  presence  of  certain  microorganisms. 
G.-tube,  in  cryptogamic  botany  the  filamentous  growth 
of  a  spore  upon  germination.  G. -vesicle.  See 
Germinal  I  esicle. 

German  (jer'-man)  \Germanus,  German]].  Pertaining 
or  belonging  to  Germany.  G.  Breast-tea,  a  decoc- 
tion of  althea,  </.  v.  G.  Black.  Same  as  Frankfort 
Black.  G.  Chamomile.  See  Matricaria.  G. 
Disease.  Synonym  of  In/Iitiiiza.  G.  Ichthyol. 
See  Thiol.  G.  Measles.  See  Rubeola.  G. 
Method,  the  oral  method  of  instruction  for  deaf- 
mutes.     G.  Tinder.     See  Amadou. 

Germander  {Jer-man'-der,  or  jerf -man-der)  [ME., 
germawnder,  germander].  A  popular  name  for  plants 
of  the  labiate  genus  Teucrium.  T.  chamcedrys,  of 
Europe,  is  a  popular  polychrest  remedy.  T.  narum 
is  diaphoretic,  tonic,  and  emmenagogue.      Unof. 

Germarium  (j'er-ma'-re-um)  \_germen,  germ].  In 
biology,  applied  to  the  ovary  of  certain  in  vertebrates. 

Germicidal  (  jer' '-mis-i-dal)  [germen,  a  germ  ;  cadere, 
to  kill].      Destructive  of  germs. 

Germicide  (jer'-mis-id)  \_germen,  germ;  ccedere,  t<> 
kill].      A  microbicide  ;  an  agent  that  destroys  germs. 

Germiculture  {jer'-mekul-chur)  \_germen,  germ;  cul- 
tures, culture].      The  artificial  culture  of  bacteria. 

Germifuge  (jer'-mif-iij)   [germen,  a  germ;   fuga 
banish].      I.   Having  the   power  of  expelling  germs. 
2.  An  agent  that  expels  germs. 

Germinal  (jer'-min-al)  [germen,  a  germ].  Pertain- 
ing to  a  germ  or  the  genesis  of  a  tissue  or  organ.  G. 
Area,  the  Area  germinativa,  or  embryonal  shield,  a 
white  round  spot  upon  one  side  of  the  vitelline  mem- 
brane in  which  the  blastoderm  becomes  double.  G. 
Disc.  See  Disc.  G.  Matter.  See  Protoplasm.  G. 
Membrane,  the  blastoderm.  G.  Spot,  the  nucleolus 
of  the  ovule.  G.  Vesicle;  (a)  the  blastosphere  or 
blastodermic  vesicle  ;  (l>)  a  lacuna  in  the  substance  of 
the  germ;  (<•)  the  imperfectly  formed  germ  cell  in  the 
embryo-sac  previous  to  fertilization.      Cf.  ystis. 

Germination  (Jer-min-a' -shun)  [germinatio,  sprouting, 
budding].  In  biology,  the  development  of  an  embryo 
from  the  ovum.      Sprouting  of  a  seed  or  spore. 


Germule  (jerS-mtil)   [germen,  a  germ].      An  inci] 


"Mil  , 


Gerocomia,  or  Gerocomy 

0  "  ,  old  man  ;  h\ 

gienic  and  medii  al  can   "I  old  pei 
Gerocomium     i  /  r-o-ko' '-me-um)     [,     ■     ,     old    man; 
Ko/ieiv,  to  care  for].     A  home  or  institution   for 
iple. 
Geromarasmus  (  jer-o-m 

i   wasting] .       I  Imai  iation    and 
characteristic  ol  extn  mi  old 
Geromeninguria  .  old 

ami  ,  membram 

idition   in   which    the    urini  tins  men 

shreds. 
Geromorphism  Izm)     [, 

form  ).     I  id  repitude  of  the  cutam 

appearance  of  age  in  a  young  pen 

Geroni   speciosa  >  [I-]. 

Andean  plant,  having  a  local  reputation 
tor  syphilis  and  rheumatism.      I  nof. 

Gerontoxon 

Geropigia  i  jer-o-pij1 -e-ah)  \_Port.\ 
i  anil  colored  mixtui 
used  in  adulterating  and  fortifying  «:■ 

Gerst's  Method.  •■  of. 

Gestation  -ta'-shun)    [gestati  to    bear]. 

Same  as   Pregnancy.     G.,  Abdominal,  (he  forn 

tra-uterine  gestation  in  which  the  product  of  con- 
ception i-  I  in  the  abdominal  cavity.  G., 
Double,  i.  Twin  pregnancy,  i.  The  coexistenci 
uterine  and  extra  uterine  pregnancy.  G.,  Ectopic. 
Same  as  (/.,  Extra-uterine.  G.,  Extra-uterine, 
pregnane)  in  which  the  product  of  t  not 
contained  in  the  uterine  cavity.  G..  Dorsal,  the 
hatching  of  eggs  on  the  back,  as  occurs  in  certain 
batrachians, e.  f. ,  the  Surinam  toad,  G.,  Mammary 
or  Pouch,  the  completion  of  growth  in  a  pouch,  as  in 
marsupials.  G.,  Oral,  applied  to  the  hatching  of  eggs 
in  the  mouth,  as  occurs  in  some  fishes. 

Geum  (  fe/-um).     Si  - 

Gheel  System  (gil sis' -tern)  [from  Gheel,  a  town  in 
Belgium].  The  colony-plan  of  housing,  boarding, 
and  treating  the   insane,    which    prevail?  at  Gheel,  in 

1  lelgium. 

Giacomi's  Method.  A  method  of  staining  the  bacil- 
li^ of  syphilis.     See  Stat     .  eof. 

Giacomini's  Method  of  Preserving  the  Brain.  Im- 
merse the  brain  in  a  saturated  solution  of  chlorid  of 
zinc  ;  turn  several  times  daily  and  inject  6oo  grms.  of 
the  liquid  through  the  carotids.  Remove  the  mem- 
branes in  |&  hours.  Allow  the  brain  to  remain  in  the 
solution  until  it  I  i  sink,  then  immerse  in  alcohol 

for    io  days.      Immerse    in    glycerin    until    it    sinks  ; 
remove,  allow  to  dry,  and  varnish. 

Giampetro-Lowenberg  Method.  A  method  of  intro- 
ducing the  Eustachian  catheter.  The  catheter  is 
passed  into  the  pharynx,  and  the  beak  is  then  turned 
toward  the  opposite  tube  and  the  catheter  withdrawn 
until  it  catches  on  the  posterior  edge  of  the  septum 
nariuin,  when  it  i-  rotated  in  the  opposite  direction 
through  an  arc  of  at  least  jSo°  into  the  tube  which  it 
is  desired  to  catheterize. 

Giant  (  ji'-ant)  [yiyac,  large  or  ponderous].  An  adult 
of  a  species  excessively  developed  in  stature  and  pro- 
portions.   G.-cell.  See  Cell.      G.  Pelvis.   - 

formities  of.      G. -powder.     See   Dualin. 
G. -swelling.    S  and  Urtica- 

ria tuberosa.     G.   Urticaria.     See  Urticaria  aa- 
tosa. 

Giantism  [ji'-an-tizm)  [yt'yac,  large].  Excessive  over- 
growth ;   the  quality  of  being  gigantic.    Gigantbm. 


GIAN1  ZZI,  CELLS  OF 


516 


l.I/./ARI) 


Gianuzzi,  Cells  or  Crescents  of.     <  iranular  protoplas- 
mic cell?  found  in  mucous  glands  between  the  mu 
cell?  ami   t:  lent-membrane ;  they  play  an  im- 

rt  in  the  functional   activity  of  the  gland. 
Thej 

Gibbes'  Method      A  method  of  staining  tubercle-bacilli. 

Gibbon's   Hydrocele. 

Gibbositas  [I-].  sity ;  the  con- 

ack. 
Gibbosit>  hunch,  a  hump].    In 

Gibbous  ,       Swollen,   con- 

side. 
Gibert's    Pityriasis.      S  G.'s 

Svrup.      -  ■'"/. 

Giblets  OF.,  .    iblets].     The  entrails 

Gibraltar    Fever.     Synonym  and  of 

.-  . 
Gibson's  Bandage 

Gid     fid)    [ME.,  .   dizzy].     Staggers    in  sheep,  a 

nn  in  the  brain,  formerly 
bralis,  q.  v.      See  under  Parasites 
.    . 
Giddiness  Ml  ,  dizzy].     A  sensa- 

a  of   whirling  or  unsteadiness  of  the  body,  usually 
anied  by  more  or  less  nausea.     See  Gid. 
Giesbrecht's   Method.    A  method  of  mounting  serial 
dons.      Make   a  solution  of  brown  shellac  in  alco- 
hol;  filter  and  paint  on  warmed  slides  ;  allow  to  dry. 
lint   a  thin   layer  of  creasote  and  put    the 
dons  in  place.     Then  heat  the  slide  on  a  water  bath 
it   the    melting-point  of   paraffin. 
All  ol ;   dissolve   the  paraffin    in  turpentine; 

mount  in  balsam.      The  tissue  must  have  been  stained 
embedding. 
Gigantism  xn'-tizm)   [yiyag,  giant].     Abnormally 

ssive  overgrowth ;  great  hyper- 
i  iiantism. 
Gigantoblast  last)   [ytyac,  giant;  ftAaoroc, 

].      A  large  germ  said  to  exist  in  the  blood  in 
rnicious  anemia.      It  somewhat  resembles 
the  lar. 
Giganto-cellular  t'-to'-sel'-it-lar)  [yiyar,  giant; 

ce//a,  cell].     Characterized  by  giant-cells  ;  as  Ciiganto- 
cellular  Endothelioma. 
Gigartina  ir-ti'-nah  )    [L.].      A   genus   of    sea- 

ral  species  of  which  are  used  in  the  same 
.  tor   human   food.     Some    of   the 
immerce   is  believed  to  be  the  product 

.us. 

Gigerium  |  ji-je'-n  um)  [gigeria,  the  entrails  of  poul- 
try]. In  biology,  the  gizzard  of  birds,  or  the  thickened 
muscular  portion  of  mach  in  certain  mammals. 

Gigger 

Gila  monster.  derma. 

Gill  [Ml  .agill].     One  of  the  respira- 

tor) :  ireathe  the  air  that  is 

mixed  with  water.      The  gills  first  appear  in  the  Poly- 

G. -hearts,  contractile  expan- 
\  ith   but  a   single  cavity,  at    the  base    of  the 
blood  to  the  branchice  in 
the  higher  <  - 

Gillenia    (  ft  Dr.  Arnold  Gill,  a  Ger 

man    b  A  I    rosaceous    herbs.       G. 

stipulacea  .    Indian  physic)   and    G. 

trifoliata,  l  America.are  good,  safe,  and  ef- 

fective substituti  cac.      I 

Gillenin    Nil'  [aftei    Dr.   Gill,  a  Herman  botan- 

ist].     Tne  active  principle  of    American    Ipecac.      It 


is  a  bitter,  slightly  odorous,  permanent  powder  with 
emetic  properties 

Gimbernat's  Ligament.     See  Ligament. 

Gin  (fin)  [Ml  .  w/r/vv,  juniper].  Common  grain- 
spirit  di>tillrd  and  aromatized  with  juniper  berries. 
The  finest  gin,  known  as  "  Holland,"  is  made  in  the 
distilleries  oi  Schiedam,  whence  also  the  name 
"  Schiedam  Schnapps."  See  Spiritus  juniperi.  G.- 
drinker's  Liver.  See  Cirrhosis,  and  Hobnail  Liver. 
G. -liver.      See  Cirrhosis. 

Gingelly  Oil  (Jin-jel'-e  oil).     See  Sesami,  Oleum. 

Ginger  [jin'-jer).     See  Zingiber. 

Gingiva  (  jin-jivf-ah)  [I,,  "theguin:"  pi. ,  Gingiva]. 
The  vascular  tissue  surrounding  the  necks  of  the  teeth 

and  covering  the  alveoli. 

Gingival  ( jin'-jiv-al)  [gingiva,  the  gum].  Pertaining 
to  the  gums.  G.  Line,  a  blue  or  purplish  line 
along  the  gums  when-  they  meet  the  teeth,  indicative 
oi  chronic  lead-poisoning;  also,  the  reddish,  line  on 
the  gums  sometimes  seen  in  tuberculosis,  etc.  G. 
Margin,  the  line  or  edge  of  the  gums  where  they  meet 
the  teeth  ;   the  free  edge  of  the  quills. 

Gingivalgia  (jin-jiv-al/ -je-ah)  [gingiva,  gum;  dAyoc, 
pain].      Neuralgia  of  the  gums. 

Gingivitis  {jin-jiv-i' -tis)  [gingiva,  the  gums;  trig,  in- 
flammation]. Ulitis ;  inflammation  of  the  gums. 
G.,  Expulsive,  osteo-periostitis  of  a  tooth,  which  is 
gradually  expelled  from  its  socket. 

Gingko  {ging'-ko)  [Jap.].  A  genus  of  taxaceous 
trees.  G.  biloba,  a  native  of  Eastern  Asia,  is  now- 
common  in  the  U.  S.  Its  edible  seeds  are  astringent 
and  are  said  to  restrain  or  to  slow  the  secretion  of 
urine.     Unof. 

Ginglymoid  (ging/-glim-oid)  [;  iyyAvuoc,  a  hinge  ;  eldoc, 
likeness].      Resembling  a  hinge-joint. 

Ginglymus   [gingf -glim-ns).     See  Diarthrosis. 

Ginseng  {Jin'-seng)  [Chinese,  jintsan,  ginseng].  The 
fleshy  root  of  several  species  of  Panax  or  Aralia.  A. 
ginseng,  of  Eastern  Asia,  and  A.  quinquefolia,  of  the 
U.  S.,  are  the  best-known  species.  Ginseng  is  an  aro- 
matic bitter  with  tonic  properties.     Unof. 

Giraffe,  Girafy  {Jir-af,  -af'-e).  See  Endemic  Colic  and 
Dengue. 

Giraldensian  Organ  or  Organ  of  Giraldes.  The  par- 
epididymis. It  is  composed  of  a  number  of  flat,  white 
bodies,  each  of  which  consists  of  a  collection  of 
tubes  blind  at  each  end.  It  is  situated  at  the  posterior 
portion  of  the  epididymis,  between  the  head  and  the 
vas  deferens. 

Girdle  (gir'-Jl)  [ME.,  girdel,  a  waistband].  Any 
band  designed  to  go  around  the  body.  G.,  Emphy- 
sematous. See  Emphysema.  G.,  Neptune's,  an 
abdominal  bandage  used  in  applying  the  wet-pack. 
G.-pain,  a  sensation  as  if  a  girdle  were  drawn  tightly 
around  the  body.  When  not  hysteric,  it  is  charac- 
teristic of  disease  of  the  myelon,  or  of  the  nerve- 
roots.  G.,  Pelvic,  the  bones  (or  cartilages)  forming 
the  support  for  the  lower  limbs  of  vertebrates.  In 
mammals  they  consist  of  the  ilia,  ischia,  and  os  pubes. 
G. -sensation.  Same  as  G.-pain.  G.,  Shoulder, 
the  system  of  bones  designed  for  the  support  of  the 
upper  limbs  or  arms.  In  man,  the  scapula;  and  clavi- 
cles compose  this  structure. 

Girgensohn's   Method.     A  method   of  removing  pro 
teids  from  a   liquid.      Mix   the    solution   with    half  its 
volume  of  a  solution  of  common  salt;    add   tannin  in 
slight  excess,  and  the  proteids  will  be  entirely  precipi- 
tated. 

Girmir  igir'-mir)  [Arab].      Tartar  of  the  teeth. 

Girofle  {  jtr  o-jla').     See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Gizzard  (  gi  '  ard  )  \  <  >!•'.,  gesier ;  I .. ,  gigerium].  The 
strong    muscular  stomach   of    birds  ;    also,  the  corre- 


GLABELLA 


511 


GLAND 


spending  organ  at  the  pylorus  of  certain  mammals.    G.- 
skin,  the   lining   membrane  of  a  gizzard.     Pigeons' 

gizzard-skins,    dried    and    triturated,    are    a    popular 
remedy  for  dyspepsia.      See   Ingluvin. 

Glabella  {gla-bel'-ah)  [dim.  of  glaber,  smooth] .      ["he 
triangular  space  between  the  eyebrows.     See   Cra 
metric  Points. 

Glabellad  {gla-bel* -ad\  [dim.  of  glaber,  smooth  ;  ad, 
to].      Toward  the  glabellai    I  id. 

Glabellar  {gla-bel' -ar)  [dim.  of  glaber,  smooth;  ad, 
to].      Pertaining  to  the  glabella. 

Glabellen  (  S7<7-A /'-<//)  [dim.  of  glaber,  smooth],      Bi 
longing  to  the  glabella  in  itself. 

Glabello-inial    {gla-bel'-o-in'-e-al}    [dim.    ol 

smooth;    ivlov,  the    nape   of  the    neck].       Included 
between  the  glabellum  to  the   inion. 

Glabello-obeliac  i  gla  b  V-o  o-bef-le-ak)  [dim.  ofglaber, 
smooth  ;  n.-St/m •,  a  spit].  Included  between  the  glabella 
to  the  obelion. 

Glabello-occipital  {gla-beV -o-ok-sipf -it-al)  [<lim.  of 
glaber,  smooth  ;  occiput,  the  occiput].  Included  be- 
tween the  glabellum  to  the  occiput. 

Glabellum  {gla-bel'-um)  [glaber,  smooth].  Same  as 
Glabella. 

Glabrate  (gla'-brdt)  [glabrare,  to  make  smooth].  In 
biology,  becoming  or  tending  to  smoothness  or  bald- 
ness. 

Glabrous  {glar-brus)  [glaber,  smooth].  Smooth.  In 
biology,  destitute  of  hairs  or  down. 

Glacial  {gla' '-sne-al)  [glacies,  ice].  Icy;  resembling 
ice  in  appearance,  as  glacial  acetic  or  phosphoric  acid. 
G.  Phosphoric-acid  Test.     See  Tests,  Tab! 

Glacialin  [gla-she-a/-lin)  [glacies,  ice].  An  antiseptic 
substance  used  for  the  preservation  of  foods.  It  con- 
sists of  borax,  boric  acid,  sugar,  and  glycerin. 

Glaciation  {gla- she-a' -shun)  [glacies,  ice].  A  condi- 
tion like  that  of  ice  ;  erosive  effect  like  that  of  moving 
ice. 

Gladiate  (glad'-e'-at)  [gladius,  a  sword].  In  biology, 
ensiform,  or  sword-shaped. 

Gladiolin  {glad-i' '-o-lin)  [gladius,  a  sword.  An  alka- 
loid from  brain-tissue. 

Gladiolus  {glad-e-o/ -lus)  [dim.  of  gladius,  a  sword],  i. 
The  middle  or  second  piece  of  the  sternum.  2.  A 
genus  of  iridaceous  flowering-plants.  G.  segetum, 
of  Europe,  is  said  to  be  aphrodisiac  and  emmenagogue. 
Unof. 

Glair  {glar)  [ME.,  glayre,  the  white  of  egg].  The 
white  of  egg  ;  any  thin,  viscous  substance,  as  a  mu- 
cous discharge. 

Glairidin  iglar^-id-in).     Same  as  Glairin. 

Glairin  (glar' -in)  [ME.,  glayre,  the  white  of  egg]. 
A  peculiar  organic,  gelatinous  substance  found  on  the 
surface  of  some  thermal  waters.  It  is  also  called 
baregin,  plombierin,  zobgene,  glairidin,  sulphurain, 
and  zoidin.     See  Baregin. 

Glairy  [glSr^-e)  [glayre,  the  white  of  egg].  Slimy; 
also,  albuminous. 

Glaisher's  Factors.  A  table  of  figures  for  calculating 
the  dew-point. 

Glama  (gia'-mah)  [L.].  Lippitudo.  An  accumula- 
tion of  gummy  or  hard  material  at  the  inner  canthus 
of  the  eye  ;  the  material  so  accumulated. 

Gland  [glans,  an  acorn].  A  name  given  to  numer- 
ous bodies  or  organs  of  the  body,  both  secretive  and 
excretive  in  function,  withdrawing  from  the  blood 
material  for  other  purposes,  or  that  is  injurious  or 
of  no  use  to  the  economy.  In  structure  they  may 
be  simple,  saccular,  or  tubular.  Also,  the  bulb- 
ous end  of  the  penis  and  clitoris.  G.,  Abdominal 
Salivary,  a  term  for  the  pancreas.  G.,  Absorbent. 
See   G.,   Lymphatic.     G.,   Accessory  Lachrymal. 


See    G    of    Krause.      G.,    Accessory  Lactiferous. 

i  G.,  Accessory  (of  Pan- 

creas i.     See    G.,    Brunn  G.,   Accessory  (of 

Parotid  .  '..     G.,  Accessory  (of 

Rosenmiillerj.   See  G  .  /       nmiiller's.     G.,  Acces- 
sory Supra-renal,  a  small  gland  sometimes  connei  I 
with  and   resembling  the  su]  G., 

Accessory  Thyroid.a -mall 
nected  w  ith  the  thyroid  gland.    G.,  Acinose,  01 

I  ai  ini.    G.,  Acinous.  G., 

Aggregate  G.,  Aggregated  of 

Bruch),  a  number  oi  follicle!  in  the  conjunctiva,  at 
the    palpebro-sclerotic    reflection.      G.,   Agminated. 

G.,Peyer'  G.,  Albumin,  in  Cesloda,  the  gland 
that  secretes  the  albuminous  coating  of  the  <<vum. 
G.,   Anal,  a  lymphatic  and    odoriferous    gland   situ- 

1    near  the  anus.     G.,  Angular. 
maxillary.   G.,  Anomalous.  .  Ductless.     G., 

Anteprostatic.       See    G.,    I  G.,   Aporic. 

G.,  Put!  G.-area.  the  depressed  area,  from 

the  alveolar  epithelium  of  which  the  mammary  gland  is 
developed.  G.,  Arterial,  one  of  a  number  ol  small 
gland  like  bodies  connected  with  the  arterial  system. 
G.,  Arytenoid, a  small  muciparous  gland  in  Irontofthe 
arytenoid  i  artilage.  G.,  Atrabiliary,  an  old  name  for 
the  Suprarenal  Capsule.  G.,  Auricular,  Anterior, 
a  lymph-gland  anterior  to  the  external  auditory  meatus. 
G.,  Auricular,  Posterior.  See  G.,  Subauricu 
G.,  Axillary,  one  of  the  lymph-glands  situated  in 
the  axilla.  G.  of  Bartholin.  i.  A  -mall  gland 
on  either  side  of  the  vagina,  opening  through  a 
duct,  on  the  inner  side  of  the  nympha.  2.  5 
G.,  Sublingual.  G.,  Bauhin's.  See  G.,  NuAn's. 
G.  of  Benham.  See  G.,  Lophopfu  ral.  G.,  Blan- 
din's.  See  G.,  Nuhris.  G.,  Blind.  See  G.,  L 
less.  G.,  Blood.  See  Li. ,  Hematopoietic.  G., 
Blood-vascular.  See  G.,  Hematopoietic.  G.  of 
Boerhaave.  See  G.,  Miliary.  G.,  Bowman's,  one 
of  the  tubular  glands  of  the  olfactory  region.  G., 
Brachial,  one  of  the  lymph-glands  of  the  arm  and  the 
fore-arm.  G.,  Branchio-tympanic.  See  G..  Tym- 
panic. G.,  Bronchial.  1.  ( >ne  of  the  lymph-glands  of 
the  bronchi  and  root  of  the  trachea.  2.  See  G.,  Thyroid. 
G.  of  Bruch.  See  G.,  Aggregated.  G.,  Brunner's, 
one  of  the  granular  racemose  bodies  found  in  the  wall 
of  the  duodenum.  G.,  Buccal,  one  of  the  glands 
between  the  buccinator  muscle  (of  the  cheek)  and  the 
adjacent  mucous  membrane.  G.,  Buccal,  Inferior. 
See  G.,  Molar.  G.,  Bulbo-cavernous.  See  G., 
Cowpers.  G.,  Bulbo-urethral.  See  G.,  Cowper's. 
G.,    Byssus.     See    O '. .  G.,    Byssys,    in 

Lamellibranchiata,  a  gland  near  the  foot,  secreting 
the  substance  that  forms  the  byssus.  G..  Calcifer- 
ous,  in  the  earth-worm  one  of  several  pairs  of  lateral 
glandular  bodies  in  the  esophagus  whose  function  it  is 
to  secrete  a  calcareous  substance.  G.,  Camphor, 
one  of  the  camphor-secreting  glands  of  the  camphor- 
tree.  G.,  Cardiac,  one-  of  the  acinous  glands  in  the 
mucosa  at  the  distal  extremity  of  the  esophagus.  G., 
Cardiac  Gastric.  See  </..  Oxyntic.  G.,  Cardiac 
Lymphatic.      See    G.,    Mediastinal,  Su/  G, 

Carotic.  See  G.,  Intercarotid.  G..  Carotid.  - 
(,'..  Intercarotid.  G.,  Cecal,  one  of  the  lymph- 
glands  around  the  cecum.  G.,  Celiac,  one  of  the 
lymph  gland-  on  the  abdominal  aorta,  above  the  supe- 
rior mesenteric  artery.  G.,  Cement.  1.  One  of 
certain  glands  in  insect-  whose  function  it  is  to  secrete 
the  sebum  that  surrounds  the  ova  prior  to  their  dis- 
charge. 2.  In  Cin  .  one  of  the  glands  in  the 
antennae  secreting  a  sticky  substance.  G..  Cerumi- 
niparous.  See  G.,  Ceruminous.  G.,  Ceruminous, 
one  of  the  convolute  glands  secreting  the  cerumen  of 


(.1  AND 


518 


GLAND 


the  >  .tr      G..  Cervical.  ihe  lymph-glands  of 

the  neck  ;  t:  called  cervical  ganglia.     G., 

Cervical,   Deep.  I  the  lymph-glands  contained 

in  i  and  inferior,  thai  are  deepl)  - 

d  the  neck.      I 'lu-y  empty  into  the  righl  lymph- 
dtic  duct,  through  the  ymphatic.   G.,  Cervical, 

Inferior,   Deep,  th  ip  of   di  ical 

inil.ir  fossa.      G.,  Cervical, 
Middle.  the  lymph-glands  in  the  i  irre- 

of  the  larynx.     G., 
Cervical,    Posterior  the  deep  lymph- 

rior    border    of    the 

Enlarge- 

irliest  evidences 

syphilis.     G.,    Cervical, 

Superficial.  the   superficial   lymph-glands  in 

G.,  Cervical, 
Superior,    Deep,   tl  the   deep   cervical 

Ivn;  the    bifurcation  <>i    the  common 

G.,   Cervical,  Upper,  Deep.     See 
G.,  Choroid,  in  certain 
.lar   plexus  around    the  optic  nerve. 
G  .  Choroideal.  G.,  Circumanal. 

G.,  Closed.     See  G.,  Ductless.     G., 
Coccygeal  i ,    A  small  arterial  gland 

if  the  coccyx,  ventrally.     2.   See  G.,  Uro- 
G.,  Colic.     Sec  Crypts  of  Lieberkiikn.     G., 
Colleterial.      -  lleterium.     G.,  Compound,  one 

m  which  the  secreting  surface  is  contained  in  numbers 
small  pou  \  gland  whose  duct   is  branched. 

G.,    Concatenate.       See    G.,    Cervical,    Deep.      G., 
Conglobate.     See  </'.,  Lymphatic.    G.,  Conglomer- 
ate.     Sei     •'..  .  G.,  Congregate.     See  (/'. , 
G.,  Coniferous,  an  old   name   for  the  dis 
-  in  the  wood-cells    of  gymnosperms.  G., 
Convoluted,  a  tubular  gland  with  a  highly  convoluted 
blind  termination.      G.,  Cowper's  (or  Mery's),  in  the 
mal                f  two  small  acinous  glands,  situated  be- 
■n  the  two  layers  of  the  triangular  ligament,  ante- 
state  gland.   G.,  Cowperian.   See  G., 
G.,  Cubital,  one  of  the  lymph-glands  of 
G.,  Cubital,  Deep,  any  one  of  the  deep 
i   the  elbow  joint.      G.,  Cubital, 
Superficial,  an               I    the   lymph-glands    situated 
r  the  inner  condyle   of  the  humerus  in  the  subcu- 
tan>  G.,  Cutaneous,  any  one 
of  the                                 '   the  skin.      They  include  the 
hair,  sudoriparous    and    sebaceous  glands.      G.,  Cy- 
athiform,  in  bi<                ill,  fleshy,  cup-like  glands, se 
fluid.      G.,  Decidual,  any  one  of  the 
i  idua.     G.,  Dental  (of  .V.  rt 

ithelial  bodies  on  the  mucous 

■  .  over  the  point  of  emergence  of 

th.      G.,  Diapnogenous.      See  G.,  Sudorip- 

G.,   Digestive,    in    biology,  one    of    certain 

;;  orother  portions  of  some 

fluid  capable  of 

ilbuminoid   substances.      G.,  Dorsal.     See 

G.,  Ductless,  a  gland  without  a  duct. 

G.,  Duodenal,    i     Se<    C,  Brunner's.   2.  One  of  the 

duodenal  mesentery.     G.,  Du- 

verney'  Bartholin.     G.,  Ebner's,  one 

il  the   tongue  situated   in  the 

.     G.,  Enteric. 

kuhn.      G.,  Epiglottic,  one   of 

»/ui  the  posterior  surface  of 

G.,  Esophageal. 

Iym|  the  iinii  ous   membrane    oi    the 

G.,  Excretory,  one    of   the    glands  that 

body.      G.. 
External,  ii  the  glands  on  the  outer 

*"r:  i.     G  ,    Facial,  one  ol    the 


lymph-glands  of  the  face.  G.,  Facial,  Deep,  one  of 
the  lymph-glands  beneath  the  buccinator  muscle.  G., 
Facial,  Superficial.  See  G.,  Auricular,  .Ulterior. 
G.,  Femoral.  See  G. ,  Inguinal.  G. -fever,  an  infec- 
tion- constitutional  disorder  characterized  by  rapid  and 
painful  enlargement  of  the  cervical  lymphatic  glands, 
with  considerable  elevation  of  temperature.  G., 
Floral.  See  </..  Nectariferous.  G.,  Follicular, 
one  consisting  oi  or  beginning  in  follicles.  G.,  Fol- 
licular tongue),  one  oi  the  lymph-glands  in 
the  mucous  membrane  at  the  base  of  the  tongue..  G., 
Fundus.  See  G. ,  Oxyntic.  G.  of  Galeati.  See 
Crypts  of  Lieberkiikn.  G.,  Gastric,  any  one  of  the 
glands  of  the  stomach,  tubular  or  peptic.  Those 
lining  the  fundus  ol  the  stomach  are  the  true  pepsin- 
secreting  glands.  G.,  Gastro-epiploic,  Inferior, 
one  of  the  lymph-glands  surrounding  the  greater 
curvature  of  the  stomach.  G.,  Gastro-epiploic, 
Superior,  one  of  the  lymph-glands  in  the  gastro- 
phrenic ligament.  G.,  Genal.  See  G.,  Buccal.  G., 
Genital.  See  (,..  Sexual.  G.,  Globate.  See  0'., 
Lymphatic.  G.,  Globular  [of  Mirbel),  in  biology, 
one  of  the  spheric  glands  forming  a  pulverulent  surface 
upon  the  calyx,  corolla  and  anthers  of  many  labiate 
plants.  G.,  Glomerate.  See  G.,  Racemose.  G., 
Green,  in  Crustacea,  a  gland  on  the  side  of  the  ante- 
rior portion  of  the  body.  Its  duct  opens  on  a  cervical 
eminence,  just  below  the  antenna.  G.,  Guerin's. 
See  G.,  Skene's.  G.  of  Guettard.  See  G.,  Miliary. 
G.,  Guttural.  See  6'.,  Pharyngeal.  G.,  Hair,  the 
sebaceous  gland  of  a  hair-follicle.  G.,  Harder's. 
See  G.,  Harderian.  G.,  Harderian,  a  small  gland 
in  the  nictitating  membrane  of  many  of  the  lower 
animals.  G.  of  Havers  (also  called  synovial  fringe), 
one  of  the  fatty  bodies  lying  behind  the  highly  vascu- 
lar fringe-processes  that  project  from  a  synovial  mem- 
brane into  the  cavity  of  a  joint  ;  these  were  formerly 
believed  to  be  the  glands  that  secreted  the  synovia. 
G.,  Haversian.  See  G.  ol  ffarfers.  G.,  Hemat- 
opoietic, any  one  of  the  glands  that  are  supposed  to 
take  part  in  the  formation  of  the  blood,  as  the  spleen, 
thymus,  supra-renal  capsules,  etc.  G.  of  Henle. 
G.,  /,  >regated  (of  Bruch).  G.,  Hepatic,  one 
of  the  lymph  glands  in  the  ligaments  around  the  liver. 
G.,  Hermaphrodite,  in  hermaphroditic  animals,  a 
gland  answering  both  as  ovary  and  testicle.  G., 
Hibernating,  in  hibernating  animals,  one  of  the 
masses  of  fatty  tissue,  supposed  to  aid  in  sustaining 
life  during  hibernation.  G.,  Honey-comb.  See 
G.,  Peyer's.  G.,  Hydrophorous.  See  G.,  Sudorip- 
arous. G.,  Hypogastric.  See  6'.,  Iliac,  Internal. 
G.,  Iliac,  Anterior,  one  of  the  lymph  glands  anterior 
to  the  iliac  arteries,  and  situated  between  the  fifth 
lumbar  vertebra  and  the  femoral  ring.  They  receive 
the  lymphatic  and  efferent  vessels  of  the  inguinal 
glands.  G.,  Iliac,  External.  See  G.,  Iliac,  Ante- 
rior. G.,  Iliac,  Internal,  one  of  the  lymph-glands 
in  the  course  of  the  hypogastric  artery  and  vein.  G., 
Iliac,  Superior,  one  of  the  lymph-glands  near  the 
i  of  the  ilium.  G.,  Infraclavicular,  one  of  the 
small  lymph  glands  situated  below  the  clavicle,  be- 
tween the  deltoid  and  pectoral  muscles.  G.,  Inguinal, 
Deep,  one  of  the  lymph  glands  in  the  crural  ring, 
around  the  femoral  artery  and  vein.  G.,  Inguinal, 
Superficial,  one  of  the  lymph-glands  in  the  superficial 
last  ia  just  above  Poupart's  liginent.  G.,  Infundibu- 
lar, the  infundibulum  of  the  brain.  G.,  Intercarot- 
id,  a  minute  body  of  glandular  structure,  of  unknown 
function,  situated  at  the  bifurcation  of  the  common 
G.,  Intercellular,  one  of  the  multi 
cellular  vegetable  glands,  supplying  the  walls  between 
the  cells.      G.,  Intercostal,  one  of  the  lymph-glands 


•  .LAM) 


519 


GLAND 


in  the  posterior  portion  of  the  intercostal    j  G., 

Internal,  in  botany,  a  gland  below    the  surface  o 
plant-organ.      G.,  Interocular,  in  comparative  anal 

omy,  the  ectocranial  portion  ot  tin-  epiph)  is  o  rebri. 
It  is  regarded  as  the  rudiment  of  the  third  eye.  G., 
Interungulate,  in  sheep,  a  muciparous  gland  betw 
the  hoofs.  G.,  Intestinal,  Solitary,  one  oi  a  num- 
ber of  peculiar  white  isolated  lymph-glands  distributed 
through  the  intestinal  mucous  membrane.  G.,  Jugu- 
lar, Inferior.  See  G.,  Cervical,  Dt  t>.  G.,  Jugular, 
Superficial.  See  (,'. ,  Cervical,  Superficial.  G., 
Jugular,  Superior.  See  G.,  Cervical,  Stipe > 
Detp.  G.  of  Kolliker.  Sec  G.,  Bowman  G. 
of  Krause,  one  of  a  number  of  acinous  glands  in  the 
orbital  portion  of  the  conjunctiva.  G.,  Labial,  one 
of  several  racemose  glands  near  the  edges  of  the  lips. 
G.,  Lachrymal,  a  compound  racemose  gland  in  the 
upper  and  outer  portion.^  of  the  orbit,  whose  function 
it  is  to  secrete  the  tears.  G.,  Lachrymal,  Inferior, 
the  lower  portion  of  the  lachrymal  gland.  G., 
Lachrymal,  Superior,  the  upper  portion  of  the 
lachrymal  gland.  G.,  Lactiferous.  See  G.,  Mam- 
mary.  G.,  Laryngeal,  Anterior,  Posterior,  one  of 
the  acinous  lymph-glands  in  the  laryngeal  mucous 
membrane.  G.,  Lateral,  in  Cestodes,  one  of  the 
glands  situated  on  either  side  of  the  uterus.  G., 
Lenticular.  I.  In  botany,  one  of  the  oily  or  fatty 
glands  found  in  plants.  2.  One  of  the  conglobate 
glands  in  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach.  G. 
of  Lieberkiihn.  See  Lieberkuhn,  Crypts  of.  G., 
Lingual,  Anterior.  See  6'.,  Nuhn's.  G.,  Lingual, 
Lateral,  one  of  the  acinous  glands  at  the  edge  of  the 
tongue.  G.,  Lingual,  Lymphatic,  one  of  two  or  three 
glands  on  the  outer  surface  of  the  hyoglossus  muscle. 
G.,  Lingual,  Posterior,  one  of  the  acinous  lymph 
glands  on  the  dorsum  linguae  near  the  foramen  cecum. 
G.  of  Littre  (or  of  Morgagni),  one  of  the  small  race- 
mose muciparous  glands  in  the  mucous  membrane  of 
the  cavernous  portion  of  the  urethra.  G.,  Lobulated. 
See  G.,  Racemose.  G.,  Lophophoral  (of  Benhani), 
in  biology,  a  border  of  glandular  tissue,  surrounding 
the  lophophore.  G.,  Lumbar,  one  of  a  number  of 
lymph-glands,  situated  in  the  lumbar  region,  behind 
the  peritoneum.  G.,  Luschka's.  See  G.,  Coc- 
cygeal. G.,  Lymph.  See  G.,  Lymphatic.  G., 
Lymphatic,  a  small  oval  mass  of  lymphoid  tissue  in 
the  course  of  a  lymphatic  vessel.  [here  are  supposed 
to  be  between  500  and  600  in  man.  The  chyle  and 
lymph  pass  through  them  to  the  blood.  G.,  Lymphat- 
ic, Solitary.  I.  A  simple  isolated  lymph-gland.  2. 
See  G. ,  Intestinal.  Solitary.  G.,  Mammary,  one  of 
the  glands,  in  mammals,  that  secrete  milk.  G.,  Mas- 
toid. See  G. ,  Subauricular.  G.,  Maxillary,  In- 
ternal. See  G.,  Facia/.  Deep.  G.,  Mediastinal, 
one  of  the  lymph-glands  in  the  mediastinum.  G., 
Mediastinal,  Anterior,  one  of  several  small  lymph- 
glands  in  the  lower  portion  of  the  anterior  mediasti- 
num. G.,  Mediastinal,  Posterior,  one  of  the  lymph- 
glands  in  the  posterior  mediastinum  surrounding  the 
esophagus  and  thoracic  aorta.  G.,  Mediastinal, 
Superior,  one  of  the  lymph-glands  in  the  upper  por- 
tion of  the  mediastinum.  G.,  Meibomian,  one  of 
the  minute  sebaceous  follicles  between  the  cartilage 
and  conjunctiva  of  the  eyelids.  G.  of  Meibomius. 
See  G.,  Meibomian.  G.,  Mery's.  See  (',..  Cow- 
per's.  G.,  Mesenteric,  one  of  the  lymph  glands  of 
the  mesentery.  G.,  Meseraic.  See  (,'..  Mesenteric. 
G.,  Mesocolic.  one  of  the  lymph-glands  in  the  mes- 
entery of  the  colon.  G.,  Miliary.  1.  (of  Boer- 
haave\  any  one  of  the  sudoriparous  glands.  2.  (of 
Mirbel)  in  biology,  one  of  the  minute  granules  on 
the  green  parts  of  plants.     3.    (of  Guettard)  a  stoma. 


G.  of  Mirbel.     See  G.,  Miliary,  and    G.,  Globular. 
G.,   Molar,  one   of   the  large  buccal  glands  situated 
mar  the  molar  teeth,  between  the  masseter  and  bucci- 
nator muscles  ol  the  cheek.     G.,  Moll's,  one  of  I 
modified  sweat  glands  on  thi  'gin  of  tie-  eye- 

lid-, opening  into  the  hair- follicles  ot    the  eyelasb 
G.,  Montgomery's,  one  of  the  mi'  ace- 

ous  gland-  ol'  the  areola  of  the  breast.  G.  of  Mor- 
gagni. .  of  Littre*.  G.,  Moriform.  See  G., 
A'a  G.,  Morrenian,  in  biology,  one  ■.!  cer- 
tain glands  <>i  worms,  as  the  earth-worm,  whose  func- 
tion is  thai  nidation.  G.,  Mucilaginous,  a 
: ,  'ii  to  one  ot  the  fringed  processes  oi  synovial 
membranes.  ian.  G.,  Muciparous. 
G. .  Mn,  >u  .  G.,  Mucous,  one  of  the  glands  in 
mucous  membrai  ,  reting  mucus.  G.,  Mucous, 
Salivary,  a  salivary  gland  mainly  secreting  mucus. 
G.,  Mushroom-shaped,  a  peculiar  accessory  male 
genital  organ  in  certain  insei  :-,  probably  the  analogue 
-  initial  vesicle.  G.,  Musk,  the  glandular 
structure  in  certain  animals  secreting  musk.  G.  of 
Naboth  (also  called  fol  <h),  a  pathologic 
vesicle  in  the  mucou>  membrane  of  the  uterine  cer- 
vical canal.  G.,  Nabothian.  See  G.  of  Naboth. 
G.,  Nasal.  I.  See  G.,  Supra-orbital.  2.  {of 
Rathke).  See  Ja  m.  G.,  Nasal,  Exter- 
nal, in  birds,  a  gland  in  the  frontal  or  nasal  bone 
emptying  into  the  nasal  cavities.  G.,  Nectar. 
1,'..  Nectariferous.     G.,  Nectariferous,  in  biology,  a 

id   secreting   honey   or    nectar.     G.,   Nerve,   the 
supra-renal    capsule.     G.,   Nervous    [of 
See    G..  il.      G.,    Nidamental.  in    biology,  a 

gland  secreting  a  peculiar  viscid  material   that  invi 
the  ova.   G.,  Nuck's.   See  (/. ,  Nuhn's.   G.,  Nuhn's, 

:  of  the  acinous  glands  near  the  ape.,  of  the  tongue- 

They  are  also  called  Nuck's,  BauAin's,  and  Blondin's 
glands.     G.,  Occipital,  one  of  the  lymph-glands  situ- 

I  over  the  occipital  insertion  of  the  trapezius.  G.. 
Odoriferous,  one  of  the  gland-  secreting  odoriferous 
substances,  as  behind  the  cervix  of  the  penis,  secret- 
ing the  smegma.  G.,  Oil.  See  G. ,  G.. 
Oviducal,  in  Elasmobranchi  •.  a  gland  connected 
with  the  oviduct.  G.,  Oxyntic,  one  of  the  glands  of 
the  cardiac  region  of  the  stomach,  supposed  to  secrete 
the  acid  of  the  gastric  juice.  G.  of  Pacchioni. 
Pacchionian  Bodies.  G.,  Pacchionian.  See  / 
chionian  Bodies.  G.,  Palatal.  See  (',..  Palat 
G.,  Palatine,  a  small  acinous  gland  that  with  others 
forms  a  continuous  layer  beneath  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  hard  and  soft  palate.  G.,  Palpebral.  See  G. , 
Meibomian.  G.,  Pancreatico-splenic,  one  of  the 
lymph-glands  following  the  course  of  the  splenic  artery 
and  vein.  G.,  Papillary,  in  biology,  a  papilla-like 
gland  on  the  under  surface  of  a  leaf  of  labiate 
plants.  G.,  Parotic.  See  G.,  Parotid.  G.,  Parotid, 
a  large  salivary  gland  situated  in  front  of  the  ear. 
G.,  Parotid,  Lymphatic.  S  An- 
terior.  G.  of  Pecklin.  See  G.,  G..  Pec- 
toral, one  of  the  lymph-glands  on  the  lower  portion 
of  the  pectoralis  major  muscle.  G.,  Pepsin.  See 
G.,  Oxyntic.  G.,  Peptic.  See  G. ,  Oxyntic.  G., 
Perspiratory.  See  G.,  Sudoriparous.  G..  Petiolar, 
in  botany,  a  gum-secreting  gland  occurring  on  the 
petiole.  G.,  Peyer's,  one  of  a  number  of  lymph- 
follicles  of  the  bowel  occurring  mainly  in  the  ileum. 
They  are  especially  involved  in  typhoid  fever.  G., 
Peyerian.  See  G.,  G.,  Pharyngeal,  one 
of  the  racemose  glands  in  the  pharyngeal  mucous 
membrane.  G.,  Phrenic,  one  of  the  lymph-glands 
in  the  lower  portion  nterior  mediastinum.  G., 
Pilous.  See  G.,  Hair.  G.,  Pineal.  See  Pineal 
Gland.      G.,  Pituitary,  a  term  for  the  hypophysis  of 


\  N 1 1 


520 


GLANDERS 


the    brain.      Sec     Pi  G.,    Plexiform. 

.  .  G.,  Poison.  .1  gland  in  venomous 

is  sub- 
stance. G.,  Popliteal,  one  of  the  lymph  glands  sur- 
ruu-  G.,  Precrural.  in  com 

the  lymph-glands  following 
thei  F  the  nervus circumflex  ilii.    G.,  Prehyoid, 

;m  a  the  hyoid  bone.   G. , 

Prelaryngeal.    .1    I)  ind    on  the   crico-thyroid 

G., 

Prepectoral.   in    comparative  anatorn  ol    the 

1VII1  g  the  lower  portion  of  the  jug- 

1.    G.,  Preputial.    3  G.,  Pre- 

scapula:  ne  ol  the  lymph- 

itor  humeri   muscle. 
G.,  Prostate.  G..  Prostatic. 

G.,  Pulmonary,  one  of  the  lymph- 
nary  substance.     G.,  Purple,  in 
reting  the  so  called 
G.,  Pyloric,  one   of  the  glands  of 
lach  mainly  situated  near  the  pylorus  and  se- 
G.,  Racemose,  a  compound 
bunch  of  grapes.      It  is 
amber  of  acini  with  a  single  excretory 
G.  of  Rathke.     See  </..  G.,  Renal, 

rarenal    capsule.     G.,  Reticulate,    a   lymph- 
>ntaining  reticular  tissue.      G.,  Retroperito- 
neal the  lymph-glands  behind  the  peritoneum. 
G.,  Rivini's.     See  G.,  Sublingual.   G.,  Rosenmiil- 
ler's.     1.   The  inferior  lachrymal  gland   [accessory  of 
It   is  the  fore  part  of   the  lachrymal 
gland,  which    i.s  separated  from  the  rest  of   the  gland 
a  fibrous  septum.      It    is   also  called  the  palpebral 
portion  of  the  lachrymal  gland.      2.  The  lymph-gland 
situated  in  the    crural  ring.      G.,  Saccular,   a  gland 
ulation  of  a  mucous  or  serous  mem- 
brane.     G.,  Sacral,  one  of  the  lymph-glands  on  the 
anterior  face  of  the  sacrum.     G.,  Salival.     See   G., 
G.,  Salivary,   a    gland   whose  function  it 
is  to  secrete  saliva.     G.,   Salivary,   External.     See 
G.,  Parotid.     G.,  Scapular,  one  of  the  lymph-glands 
near  the  axillary  border  of  the  scapula.     G.,  Scent. 
G. ,  Odoriferous.   G.,  Sebaceous.     1.  One  of  the 
minute  saccular  glands  in  the  corium  of  the  skin,  se- 
creting -i-lium.      2.  See  G.,  Cement.     G.,  Sebiferous. 
its.     G.,  Sebiparous.     See  G.,Seba- 
G..    Secreting.      See    G.,    Secretory.       G., 
Secretory,  any  gland  of  the  body  yielding  a  secretion. 
It  is    an  arrangement    of   cells  by  which  certain  ele- 
ments   are  separated  from    the  blood  that    circulates 
in  the  capillary  vessels  which  are  in  contact  with  the 
cell-.     G.,   Seminal,  the    testicle.     G.,    Septal,    in 
■  of  the  secreting  glands  in  the  septa  be- 
tween   the  loculi  of  the  ovaries  of  liliaceous  plants. 
G  ,    Serous.     See    G.,    Albuminous.     G.,    Serous, 
Salivary,  one  of  those  salivary  glands  the  secretion  of 
which  contains  a  characteristic  albuminous  substance, 
h  little  or   no    mucin.      G.  of   Serres.     See    G., 
G.,  Sexual,  the  ovary  or  testis.      G.,  Sim- 
ple, of  but  one  secnting  sac,  with 
!  unbranched  tube.     G.,  Skene's,  one  of 
within  the  meatus  urina- 
ria v  are   frequently  the  seat  of 
lat'                                G.,   Solitary,  one  of   the  glands 

1  mbrane  of  the  small 

G.,   Spinning,  one  of  the  tubular  glands 

anal  or  oral   orifice   of   certain    spiders    and 

a   viscid    material    that 

■   the  air.       G.,  Stalked,  in 

talk.     G.,  Staphyl- 

ine.  G.,   Sternal,   one  of  the 

lym  1  the  up]  A  cartilages,  near  the 


sternum.    G.,  Subauricular,  one  of  the  lymph-glands 
situated  below  and  behind  the  ear.     G.,  Sub-caudal, 
a  gland  located   near  the  base  of  the  tail,  the  secretion 
from  which  yields  the  peculiar  penetrating  odor  of  the 
fox  and  other  animals.     G.,  Subconjunctival.     See 
(/. ,    Meibomian.      G.,  Sublingual,   the   smallest    of 
the  salivary  glands.     There  is  one  on  either  side  be- 
neath the  ton-tie.      G.,  Submaxillary,  a    large  sali- 
vary gland  situated  in  the  submaxillary  triangle.     G., 
Submaxillary  Lymphatic,  one  of  the  lymph-glands 
in  the  submaxillary  triangle.     G.,  Suboccipital.    See 
(/. ,  Occipital.  G.,  Substernal.  See  G.,  Sternal.    G., 
Suburethral.     Same  a>  G.    of    Cowper.       G.,    Su- 
doriferous.     See  G. ,  Sudoriparous.      G.,   Sudorip- 
arous,  one  of   the   peculiarly  convoluted   glands    in 
the  subcutaneous   connective    tissue    that  secrete  the 
sweat.       G.,   Supraclavicular.       See    G.,   Cervicalt 
Interior,    Deep.        G.,     Supra-hyoid,    one    of    the 
small  lymph-glands  between  the  anterior  bellies  of  the 
digastric  muscles.      G.,  Supra-orbital,  in  biology,  a 
gland  in  the  orbit  of   birds    communicating   with  the 
nasal  passages.     G.,  Suprarenal,  the  suprarenal  cap- 
sules.      G.,    Sweat.      See    G. ,    Sudoriparous.      G., 
Tarsal.    See  G. ,  Meibomian.     G.,  Tarso-conjunc- 
tival.     See  G.,  Meibomian.     G.,  Tartar,  one  of  the 
hypothetic  glands  thought  to  secrete  the  tartar  of  the 
teeth.     G., Temporary,  the  name  occasionally  given 
to    the    Graafian  follicle.     G.,  Thoracic,  Deep,  one 
of  the  lymph-glands  situated  on  the  outer  surface  of 
the  serratus  magnus  muscle.     G.,  Thoracic,  Super- 
ficial.    See    G.,  Pectoral.     G.,  Thymus,  a  tempo- 
rary organ  lying  mainly  in  the  neck,  attaining  its  full 
growth  at  two  years    and  practically  disappearing  at 
puberty.      G.,   Thyroid,   a    ductless  lobulated    gland 
situated  in  the   lower  middle  ventral  portion  of  the 
neck,  in  front  of   the  trachea  and   below  the  thyroid 
cartilage.     G.,  Tibial,  Anterior,  a  lymph-gland  on 
the  anterior  surface  of  the  interosseous  ligament  of  the 
leg.      G.,  Tracheal,  one  of  the  minute  ovoid  acinous 
glands  in    the    tracheal  mucous  membrane,  especially 
on  its  posterior  surface.     G.,  Trachoma  {of  Henle). 
See    G. ,  Aggregated  (of  Bruch).     G.,  Tubular,  a 
gland  composed  mainly  of  a  tube-like  structure.      G., 
Tubular,  Compound,  one  composed  of  a  number  of 
small  tubules  with  a  single  duct.     G.,  Tympanic,  a 
swelling    upon  the   tympanic  nerve,    situated  near  or 
within  the  tympanic  canal,  and  believed  to  be  of  the 
same  nature  as  the  coccygeal    gland.     G.,  Tyson's, 
one  of  the   sebaceous  glands  on   the   corona  of  the 
glans  penis  and  on    the  prepuce.      See    G. ,  Odorifer- 
ous.     G.,    Urethral.       See    G.  of  Littre   and    G. , 
Skene's.      G.,  Uropygial,  the  oil-secreting  gland  sit- 
uated over  the  coccyx  of  birds.     G.,  Uterine,  one  of 
numerous    tubular  follicles    in   the     uterine     mucous 
membrane,  secreting  the  so-called   uterine  milk.      G., 
Utricular.     1.    In  biology,  one  of  the  spaces  in  the 
epidermis   tilled    with    a    colorless  fluid.      2.    See    G., 
I  terine.      G.,  Vaginal,  one  of  the  acinous  glands  in 
the  vaginal  mucous  membrane.     G.,  Venenific.     See 
G.,  Poison.     G.,  Veneniparous.     See    G.,   Poison. 
G.,  Vesalius's,  one  of  the  pulmonary  and  bronchial 
mucous  glands.     G.,  Vesicular.     See   G.,  Utricular 
(1st  def).     G.,  Vulvo-vaginal.     See  G.  of  Bartho- 
lin.     G.,  Wax,  in   insects,  one  of   the  glands  of   the 
surface  secreting  a  wax-like  material.      G.,  Weber's, 
one  of  the  tubular  mucous  glands  of  the  tongue  situated 
chiefly  near  the  root.     G.,  Yolk,  the  vitellarium,  1/.  v. 
G.,   Zeiss's,  one  of  the  sebaceous  -lands  of  the  eye- 
lashes. G.,  Zygomatic.    See  G. , .  iuricular,  Anterior. 

Glanderous  {glanf  der-us),  or  Glandery  (glanr -der-e) 
1  -land].     Affected  with  -landers. 

Glanders  (  glan'-derz).     A  contagious  disease  of  horses, 


GLANDILEMMA 


52 1 


GLEi  (GENE 


sometimes  communicated  to  man.  For  staining  the 
microorganism  of  glanders  see  ScAutz's  Method, 
Kuhne's  Method,  or  Lceffler's  Method,  under  Stains, 
Table  of.      See  Equinia. 

Glandilemma  |  Ian  dil-em'-ah)  [glans,  gland;  //////</, 
husk].     The  capsular  covering  of  a  gland. 

Glandula  i  gland' -u-lah)  [I..  :  pi.,  GlanduUe\  A 
little-  gland. 

Glandular  (gland' -u-lar)  [glandula,  a  gland].  ke 
lating  to,  or  of  the  nature  of,  a  gland.  G.  Hypertro- 
phy, a  term  used  to  indicate  an  enlargement  ol  a 
lymph-gland,  without  any  appreciable  cause.  G.  Pes- 
tilence, synonym  of  the  Plague,  </.  v.  G.  Plague, 
synonym  of  the  Plague,  q.  v. 

Glandule (gland'-ul  )[glandula,&  gland"}.  A  small  gland. 

Glandulin  (gland' -u-lin)  [glandula,  a  gland].  Ex- 
tract of  gland-tissue. 

Glans  (glanz)  [glans,  a  corn],  i.  The  head  of  the 
penis  or  of  the  clitoris.  2.  A  gland;  an  enlarged 
gland.  3.  A  suppository  or  pessary.  4.  In  botany, 
a  nut.  The  name  applied  to  fruits  like  the  filbert, 
acorn,  chestnut,  etc.  G.  clitoridis,  the  small  round 
tubercle  of  the  clitoris  analogous  to  the  glans  penis  of 
the  male.  G.  penis,  the  conical-shaped  body  form- 
ing the  head  of  the  penis. 

Glareose  (gl&r'-e-oz)  [glarea,  gravel].  In  botany, 
growing  in  gravel. 

Glaser's  Fissure.     See  Fissure. 

Glaserian  Artery.  See  Arteries,  Table  of .  G.  Fissure. 
See  Fissure 

Glaserius,  Fissure  of.     See  Fissure. 

Glasgow  Committee.     See  Anesthetic. 

Glass  (glas)  [ME. ,  glas,  glass].  A  brittle,  hard,  and 
transparent  substance  consisting  usually  of  the  fused, 
amorphous  silicates  of  potassium  and  calcium,  or 
sodium  and  calcium,  with  an  excess  of  silica.  When 
glass  of  a  high  refractive  index  is  required,  lead  silicate 
is  also  added.  G. -blowers'  Cramp.  See  ( 'rump. 
G. -blowers'  Disease,  a  term  formerly  used  to  desig- 
nate any  infectious  disease  of  the  lips,  especially  syphi- 
litic eruptions.  Also,  applied  to  pulmonary  emphy- 
sema. G. -blowers'  Patch,  a  condition  of  the  dor- 
sum of  the  tongue  very  similar  to  smokers'  patch, 
and  due  to  an  analogous  cause.  G., Crown,  a  very  hard 
glass,  made  from  sodium  sulphate  or  lime,  without 
lead.  It  has  a  low  refractive  index,  but  consider- 
able chromatic  dispersion.  It  is  used  for  making 
lenses  for  optic  instruments.  G.,  Flint,  that  com- 
posed of  lead  and  potassium  silicates.  It  has  a  very 
high  refractive  index.  G.  Slides.  See  Slides.  G., 
Soluble,  potassium  or  sodium  silicate. 

Glasses  (glas'-es)  [ME.,  glas,  glass],  A  synonym  of 
spectacles  or  eye-glasses.  G.,  Bifocal,  those  that  have 
a  different  refracting  power  in  the  upper  part  from  that  in 
the  lower.  G.,  Hyperbolic,  those  ground  in  the  form 
of  an  hyperbola.  G.,  Periscopic,  those  in  which  the 
curvature  of  one  surface  exceeds  that  of  the  other. 
See  Meniscus.  G.,  Prismatic,  those  formed  of  prisms; 
used  in  insufficiency  and  paralysis  of  the  ocular  muscles. 
G.,  Protective,  for  shielding  the  eyes  against  light ; 
they  are  made  of  London  smoke  or  blue  glass.  G., 
Spheric,  those  ground  in  the  form  of  a  sphere.  G. 
Stenopaic,  those  consisting  of  a  blackened  disc  of 
metal  in  which  is  placed  a  small  round  hole  or  a  narrow 
slit ;   they  are  used  for  examining  astigmatic  eyes. 

Glassy  Degeneration.  See  D  aeration.  G. 
Swelling,  a  synonym  of  amyloid  infiltration. 

Glauber's  Salt.      See  Sodium. 

Glaucedo  (glaw-se'-do)  [L.].     Glaucoma. 

Glaucescence  (glaw-ses'-ens)  [glaucescens}.  A  bluish- 
gray  or  sea-green  luster  or  bloom  ;  the  quality  of 
being  somewhat  glaucous. 


Glaucescent  1  j-law-ses' 'en! )  [-//avKor,  silvery].  In 
biology,  slightly  glaucous,  or  bluish  ;;ray. 

Glaucin  (giant/-  in)   [,/  I 

.died  from  the  color  of  thi 

Glaucium    (glaw'-se-um)   [;>•  py].      A 

genus  of  paj  us  herbs  ;  hom-poppy.    G.  luteum 

and   G.  corniculatum  1  herbs,  with  dim 

and  alterativ  e  pro]  L  uof. 

Glaucoma  ea-green].    .'. 

.it  the  eye  the  essential  and  cha 
torn  of  which  is  an  abnormally  heightened  intraocular 
tension,  resulting  in  hardness  ol  the  globe,  excavation 
of  the  papilla  or  optic  disc,  a  restrii  tion  of  the  field  of 
vision,  corneal  anesthesia,  colored  halo  about  lig 
and  lessening  of  visual  power  that  may.  if  uncheel 
proceed  to  blindness.  The  etiology  is  obscure.  G. 
absolutum,  or  consummatum,  the  completed  glau- 
comatous process,  with  blindness.  G.  acutum,  the 
first  or  the  renewed  attack,  with  the  characteristic  and 
inflammatory  symptoms,  generally  intermitting  after  a 
few  days.  G  ,  Auricular,  a  disease  of  the  middle  ear 
characterized  by  a  great  increase  in  the  intra-labyrinth- 
ine  pressure.  G.  evolutum,  the  second  stage  of  glau- 
coma. G.  fulminans,  an  acute  attack  coming  "ii 
with  great  suddenness  and  violence.  G.  haemorrha- 
gicum,  or  apoplecticum,  that  associated  with  retinal 
hemorrhage.  G.  malignum,  a  grave  form,  alter 
with  violent  pain  and  rapidly  leading  to  blindness.  G., 
Secondary,  that  consequent  upon  other  ocular  diseases. 
G.  simplex,  that  form  without  inflammatory  sym]  1 

Glaucomatous  (glaw-kbm' -at-us)  [;  XavicSf,  sea-green]. 
Affected  with  or  pertaining  to  glaucoma. 

Glaucosis    1  [y%avic6g,    sea-green].     The 

blindness  resulting  from  glaucoma. 

Glaucosuria    (glaw-ko-su' -re-ah  1  [y/av/ctfc,  sea-green; 
lov,  urine].      The  presence  of  indican  in  the  urine, 
which  is  thereby  discolored. 

Glaucous    (glav/-kus)    [  ,    sea-green].       Of    a 

blue-gray  or  dull  sea-green  tint ;  having  a  blue, 
or  pale-green  luster  covered  with  a  silver)-  bloom, 
as  the  leaves  of  the  cabbage. 

Glaukuria  (glaw-ku' -re-ah).     See  Glauco  uria. 

Glaux  (glawks)  [yfati  .  the  milk-vetch].    A  genus 

of  primulaceous  herbs.  G.  maritima,  saltwort,  is 
said  to  be  an  effective  galactagogue.     Unof. 

Glea  (gle'-ah)  [}/.oia,  glue].  A  mucilaginous  sub- 
stance secreted  by  many  inferior  organisms,  and  which 
frequently  serves  as  a  matrix  in  which  they  lie  em- 
bedded. 

Glean  (glen)  [origin  obscure].  The  afterbirth  of  a 
domestic  animal. 

Gleet  (glet)  [ME.,  glet,  gleet].  The  chronic  stage  of 
urethritis,  with  muco-purulent  discharge. 

Gleety  (gle'-te)  [ME.,  glet,  gleet].  Thin  and  ichor- 
ous;  resembling  the  discharge  of  gleet. 

Glenard's  Disease.     See  Di  .   Table  of. 

Glene  (gle'-ne)  [ykipni,  pit].  I.  The  glenoid  cavity. 
2.    The  interior  of  the  eye.      Obsolescent. 

Gleno-humeral  (gW -no-hu' -mer-al)  [y"Mpm,  pit;  hu- 
merus, the  humerus].  Pertaining  to  the  glenoid  cavity 
and  to  the  humerus. 

Glenoid  (gW-noid)  [yTJ/vti,  a  cavity ;  eldo  .form].  Hav- 
ing a  shallow  cavity  ;  pertaining  to  a  shallow  cavity.  G. 
Cavity,  the  articular  depression  in  the  head  of  the 
scapula.     G.  Fossa.     See  / 

Glenoin  (gle-no'-in).      Same  as  Trinitrin. 

Glenovertebral  (  gW -no-ver' -te-bral  1  [;  Upy,  a  cavity  ; 
rtebra,  a  vertebra].      Pertaining  to  the  glenoid  and 
vertebral  borders  of  the  scapula. 

Gleogene  (  ■e/e'-o-jen)  [;  Xoi6(,  a  sticky  substance  ;   glue  ; 
.    producing].      In    biology,    secreting   a    glairy, 
mucilaginous  substance. 


GLIA 


i,i  I  .riiiiui  m 


Glia  .  glue],      rhe  neuroglia ;   bindweb. 

It  G. -cells. 

- 


^ 


MO. 

Gliadin  ie].     A  proteid  obtainable 

■  n. u  ious   and   gelatinous 
Iry.    Alsoasyno 

Gliding  Movement  rhe  most 

m    ih.it  can  take  place  in  a 
ormo\  i  nother,  with- 

.  movement. 
Glioma  l   tumor:    pi., 

A  varii  und-celled  sarcoma,  < 

Zia  cells,  occurring  in  the 

the  brain  or  of  the  spinal  cord.      G. 

of    the    Retina  L  of   the  retina'*  ),  a 

■in   the  connective   tissue  of  the 

trring  in   the  young,   and  involv- 

ptic    nerve,  and  extending  finally 

into  the  brain.     G.,  Pseudo-,  of  the  Retina,  meta- 

urulent  choroiditis,  simulating  the  appearance 

tinal  glioma. 

Gliomatosis  '  [yA/a,  glue ;   &fia,  a  tu- 

].      I  he  aggregation  of  exuber- 
ant of  glioma-liki  pinal  cord — a 
ndition    thought    to    precede    the    development   of 
lia. 
Gliomatous                  it-u  <  [yMa,  glue  a  tumor], 

ie  nature  of,  or  affected  with,  glioma. 
Gliomyxoma   {gli-o-miis-o/ -mah)    [;/<",   glue; 
mu  tumor:  /  iyxomata~\.     A  tumor 

having  the  character-  of  both  glioma  and  myxoma. 
Gliosarcoma    [gti-o  '  .    glue;    oapi;, 

a  tumor:  />/. ,    G  |.      A   tumor 

with   b  neuroglia-cells  of  glioma  and  the  fusi- 

la. 
Gliosis  ,glue;  vdoog,  disease].    Abrain- 

>,i  sclerosed  gray   substance, 
with  the  formation  of  lacunar  -pan-,   within  the  foci, 
diffused  sclerosis  in  its  histol- 
ind  -_vmptoin.it'  i] 
Glischruria  ■  ■.<-,   viscid;  oi 

urine].      Mucous  d<  on  of  the  urine,  suppo 

of  a  microdrganism,  the 
turn. 
Glisson's  Capsule. 
Glissonian    Cirrhosis.       Synonym    of    Perihepatitis. 

Glister  ma. 

Globe  of  the  Eye.  ball. 

Globiferous  a  ball;  ferr 

ur]       In  1   to   antennae    or    similar 

nt. 
Globin  ■  ].     a   proteid  deriv- 

bin.  also  a   cla 

globins. 
Globinometer  ,  globe  ; 

ised  with  special 

titage-amount 

unt  of  bl 

Globo-cellular  ,    globe; 

ce/la,  a  cell]  obo-cellular  sarcoma. 


Globoid  (glof-boid)  [globus,  a  round  body ;  etdoc,  form]. 
In  biology,  a  globular  or  amorphous  particle  of  the 
double  phosphate  of  calcium  and  magnesium,  often 
found  associated  with  crystalloid-  in  protein-granules. 

Globose  ')  [globosus,  round  as  a  ball].      Spher- 

ic in  form,  or  nearl} 

Globular  [dim.  ol  .  a  globe].     Hav- 

ing the  shape  of  a  globe  or  sphere. 

Globularia  (glob-u-la' -re-ah)  [globulus,  a  little  ball]. 
A  genus  of  selaginaceous  herbs  and  shrubs.  G.  aly- 
pum,  of  the  old  world,  affords  leaves  that  are  a  good 
substitute  for  senna.  G.  puticosa  and  G.  vulgaris 
have  .similar  properties. 

Globule  iglobf-ul\  [dim.  of  globus,  a  ball].  A  small 
globe;  a  blood-corpuscle  or  lymph-corpuscle.  En  bi- 
ology, any  minute  spheric  -tincture.  In  pharmacy, 
a  small  pill  or  pellet  See  also  Oil-globule.  G.  of 
Donne.  See  Blood-plates  and  Hematoblast.  G.  in 
Pulp,  a  globular  mass  of  dentine  within  the  sub- 
stance of  the  dental  pulp. 

Globulicidal  (glob-u-lis-i'-ilal)  [globulus,  a.  little  ball; 
,  to  kill].     Destructive  to  the  blood-corpuscles. 

Globulicide  [glob-u* '-lis-ia  i  [globulus,  a  globule  ;  cadert , 
to  kill].  I.  Destructive  of  blood-cells.  2.  An  agent 
that  destroys  blood-cells. 

Globulimeter  iglob-u-limf -et-er)  [globulus,  a  little  ball ; 
.  a  measure].  An  instrument  for  estimating  the 
corpuscular  richness  of  blood. 

Globulin  (glob'-u-lin)  [globulus,  a  little  ball],  i.  A 
general  name  for  various proteids  comprising  globulin, 
vitellin,  paragiobulin,  or  serum-globulin,  fibrinogen, 
myosin,  and  globin,  which  differ  from  the  albumins  in 
not  being  soluble  in  water  ;  one  species,  existing  in  the 
crystalline  lens,  is  specially  designated  as  globulin. 
They  are  insoluble  in  distilled  water,  but  soluble  in 
dilute  neutral  saline  solutions.  These  solutions  are 
coagulated  by  heat,  and  precipitated  by  a  large  amount 
of  water.  They  yield  acid-albumin  when  acted  upon 
by  dilute  acids,  and  alkali-albumin  when  acted  upon 
by  dilute  alkalies.  Vegetable  Globulins  have  been 
studied,  and  named  vegetable  myosin,  vitellin,  and 
paragiobulin  :  they  are  found  in  the  seeds  of  plants. 
2.   A  blood-platelet. 

Globulinuria  ( glob -u-lin-u' -re-ah)  [globulus,  a  little 
ball;  ovpov,  urine].  The  presence  of  globulin  in  the 
urine. 

Globulism  (glob'  -u-lizm)  [globulus,  a  little  ball].  The 
administration  of  medicine  in  globules;   homeopathy. 

Globulose  (glob'-u-los)  [globulus,  a  little  ball].  Any 
product  of  the  gastric  digestion  of  a  globulin. 

Globulus  (glob' -a  lus)  [I,. ].  The  Nucleus globuliformis 
of  the  cerebellum.  It  is  a  mass  of  gray  matter  between 
the  fastigatum  and  the  embolus. 

Globus  (glo/-busy)  [L.].  A  ball  or  globe.  G.  epidid- 
ymis. See  Epididymis.  G.  hystericus,  the  "  lump" 
or  choking  sensation  occurring  in  hysteria,  caused 
probably  by  spasmodic  contraction  of  the  esophageal 
and  pharyngeal  muscles.  G.  major,  the  larger  end 
or  head  of  the  epididymis.  G.  minor,  the  lower  end 
of  the  epididymis.  G.  pallidus,  the  inner  and  lighter 
part  of  the  lenticular  nucl 

Glochidiate  (glo-kid'-e-St)  [;>r.j,».  a  projecting  point]. 
In  biology,  barbed.  Tipped  with  barbs,  or  with  a 
doubly  hooked  point. 

Glochidium  (glo-kid' -e-uni)  \,,<->\i<',  a  projecting 
point:  pi.,  Glochidia\  In  biology,  a  >tat;e  in  the 
developmenl  of  lamellibranchiate  molluscs  [Uhio, 
Anodon\,  the  ova  of  which  develop  up  to  a  certain 
■e  in  the  gill-pouches  of  the  parent,  and  remain 
there  as  glochidia  until  some  fish  or  wading-bird  comes 
into  their  vicinity,  when  the  glochidia  issue  forth,  and, 
swimming  as  Pectens  by  the  flapping  of  their  valves, 


(.1.1   MlUS 


523 


".!.<  ISSl  H  III."  A 


attach  themselves,  like  external  parasites,  to  the  animal 
whose  presence  has  stimulated  their  efforts  ;  lure  they 
become  encysted  and  transformed  into  young   I  i 
or  Anadi  ms. 

Glochis  (gl</-kis)  [yfa>xk>  ;i  projecting  point://., 
Glochines"].     In  biology,  a  barbed  spine  or  point. 

Glome  (gloni)  [glomus,  a  ball],      Sam.-  as  Glomerule. 

Glomerate  {glomf -er-at)  \_glomerare,  to  wind  around]. 
A  descriptive  term  applied  to  an}  gland  consistin 
vessels  bunched   together  like  a  ball  of  thread  ;   i 
glomerate. 

Glomerule  (glom'-er-ul)  [dim.  of  glomus,  a  ball  of 
yarn].  In  biology,  a  capitate  cyme;  a  cluster  of 
spores. 

Glomerulitis  (glom-er-u-li' -h  \  merulus,  a  small 
ball;  trig,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the  glom- 
eruli of  the  Kidney. 

Glomerulo-nephritis  (glom  erf -u-lo-nef-ri' -tis)  \ glom- 
erulus, a  little  ball;  vt(pp6g,  the  kidnej  ;  trig,  inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation  of  the  Malpighian  bodies  of 
the  kidney. 

Glomerulus,  or  Glomerule  (glom-erf -u-lus ,  or  glomr- 
er-ul)  [dim.  of  glomus,  a  ball].  A  knot  or  small 
rounded  mass.  A  coil  of  arterial  blood-vessels  pro- 
jecting into  the  capsular  widening  of  the  lumen  of 
each  uriniferous  tubule  and  with  it  composing  the 
Malpighian  body  peculiar  to  the  vertebrate  Kidney.  G. 
Malpighii.  See  Malpighian  Bodies.  G.,  Olfactory,  a 
group  of  nerve-cells,  a  number  of  which  are  embedded 
in  the  olfactory  nerve-fibers. 

Glonoin  (glo-no'-in).     See  Nitroglycerin. 

Gloriosa  (  qlo-re-o1 -sah)  \gloriosus,  glorious].  A  genus 
of  splendid  liliaceous  plants  with  poisonous  juices.  G. 
superba,  of  India,  is  alterative  and  tonic,  and  its 
starch  is  said  to  cure  hemorrhoids.      Unof. 

Glossa  {glos'-ah)  [yTiibaaa,  the  tongue].  The  tongue  ; 
also  the  faculty  of  articulate  speech. 

Glossagra  (glos-a' '-gran)  \_].'/uaaa,  tongue  ;  aypa,  seiz- 
ure].     Gouty  pain  in  the  tongue. 

Glossal  (glos'-al)  [yXaaoa,  tongue].  Pertaining  to 
the  tongue. 

Glossalgia  (glos-al'-je-ah)  [y7.uooa,  tongue  ;  alyog, 
pain].  Any  pain  in  the  tongue,  especially  neuralgia 
of  the  tongue. 

Glossanthrax  [glos-an' '-thraks) .  Synonym  of  An- 
thrax. 

Glossarium    (glos-a' '-re-urn)    \y~kaaaa,   a    tongue:  />/., 
Glossaria~\.     In  biology,  the  slender,  elongated  labrum  . 
of  a  dipterous  insect,  as  the  mosquito. 

Glossate  (glos/-at)  [y?,(Jooa,  tongue].  In  biology, 
having  a  tongue  or  glossa  ;  applied  to  suctorial  as  dis- 
tinguished from  mandibulate  insects. 

Glossauxesis  (glos-a-u'ks-e'-sis)  \y~kaaaa,  tongue; 
;/<t/c,  increase].      Enlargement  of  the  tongue. 

Glossectomy {glos-ekf -to-me)  \y7iZtaaa,  tongue;  hKrofirj, 
excision].      Amputation  or  excision  of  the  tongue. 

Glossitic  iglos-itf-ik)  \yAaaoa,  tongue  ;  irtr,  inflamma- 
tion].     Pertaining  to  or  affected  with  glossitis. 

Glossitis  (glos-i'-tis)  TyXaaaa,  tongue ;  trig,  inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation  of  the  tongue.  G.,  Dissect- 
ing, a  form  of  chronic  superficial  glossitis  character- 
ized by  dec])  furrows  upon  the  tongue  thai  appear  to 
penetrate  into  the  mucous  membrane.  G.,  Idiopath- 
ic. Same  as  G.,  Parenchymatous.  G.,  Interstitial. 
Same  as  G.,  Parenchymatous.  G.,  Parasitic,  an  in- 
flammation of  the  tongue  said  to  be  due  to  parasitic 
vegetations.  It  is  also  called  Glossophytia.  G,  Paren- 
chymatous, an  inflammation  of  the  tongue  involving 
its  substance  as  well  as  the  mucous  membrane. 

Glosso-  iglos'-o-)  [yTiuaoa,  tongue].  A  prefix  denot- 
ing connection  with  the  tongue. 

Glossocele  {glos/ -o-sel )  [yAwcsaa,  tongue  ;  k/j'/>/,  tumor]. 


Swelling  or  edema  of  the  i"ngue,  wit!  uent  ex- 

trusion  of  the  organ. 
Glossodesmus  mu  \     [ ; 

. ... .  Im  rod].      The  frenum  ling 
Glossodynia  \yAuaaa, 

bdinrt),  pam].      Pain  in  the  tongi  om- 

nied  by  exfoliatii  epithelium. 

Glosso-epiglottic        [glosf-o  '//>■) 

tongue  ;  ■  piglottis].      Pertaining  to  both 

tongue  and  epiglottis. 
Glosso  epiglottidean  Ligament.     See  / 
Glossograph 

■.rite].      Aii  instrument   for  registering  the  mi 

in.  ni  -  ague  in  speech. 

Glossography 

]       A  descriptive  treatise  upon  thetong 
Glossohyal   i  hi'-al)    f.  tongue; 

the   hyoid    bone].      Pertaining  to   tie  and  the 

1 1  \  ..ni  b 
Glossoid  id)   [yAaooa,  tongui  .    appear- 

ance].     Resembling  a  tongue. 
Glossolalia  |         laa,  tongue;    >. 

speech].       I  he  alleged  -peaking  in  foreign  or  unknown 

tongues  by  somnambulists. 
Glossology    [glos  olf-o-je\    [yT&oaa,  tongue;    "h6yog,  a 

treatise].      A  treatise  concerning  the  tongue. 
Glossolysis  taa,   tongue;   Avatc,  a 

Loosening].     Paralysis  ol  the  tongue. 
Glossomegistus     (glos-o-mi  Synonym     of 

Glossitis,  Parenchymatou  . 
Glossoncus    [glos-ong' -kus)    [yA&ooa,  tongue;    &; 

tumor].      A  swelling  of  the  tongue. 
Glossopathy        '         '    ■  wo,  _ 

disease].      Any  disease  of  the  tongue. 
Glosso-pharyngeal  in'-je-al)     [-//(Jcoa, 

tongue  ;  u'liiv];.  pharynx].      Pertaining  to  the  tongue 

and  the  pharynx.      See   Nerves,   Tail 
Glosso-pharyngeus     I  glos/-o-/ar-in/-j'e-us)     [yAuaaa, 

tongue  ;  O'/i.r;  c.  pharynx].      A    portion  of  the  superior 

constrictor    muscle    of    the    pharynx.      See    Muscles, 

Tabl 
Glossophyte    (glos/-o-/it)    [yAuaaa,     tongue;     o<  - 

plant],       A     parasitic    vegetation    growing    on     the 

tongue. 
Glossophytia  (  glos-o-fit' -e-ah)\^  "Kuaaa,  tongue  ;  o>  - 

a    plant].      Black  tongue.      A  dark    discoloration  of 

the  tongue,  due  to  accumulations  of  spores,  dead  epi- 
thelium, and  accidental  impurities. 
Glossoplasty  {glos* -o-plas-te)   [}/     to   ,  1   ngue;    n 

aetv,  to  form].      Plastic  surgery  of  the  tongue. 
Glossoplegia      {glos-o-ple* -je-ah)  tongue; 

-///;/;,  stroke].     Paralysis  <>f  the  tongue. 
Glossoptosis  \glos-op-to' -sis)  [y'A uaa a,  tongue  ;  -rucic, 

a  fall].     Synonym  of  Macroglossia. 
Glossorrhagia     (glos-or-a' '-Je-ah)     [;       ma,     tongue; 
virvai,   to    burst    forth].       Hemorrhage     from    the 

tongue. 
Glossorrhaphy  (glo  ngue;    ,' 

suture].      Surgical  suturing  of  the  tor.. 
Glossoscopy  (g/os-o* ■'        t  .  tongue  ;  atom 

to  inspect].     Diagnostic  inspection  of  the  tongue. 
Glossosemeiotics    {glos  -  o  -  sew  b  i    [;  '/oxjan, 

tongue  ;  OT/fietdeiv,  to  mirk].       The  study  or  science  of 

the  diagnostic  and   prognostic  signs  exhibited  by  the 

tongue. 
Glossospasm.   or  Glossospasmus   |  glos,-o-spazm,  or 
mus)  [yXuaaa,  tongui   ;    airao       .  spasm]. 

Spasm  of  the  tongue. 
Glossosteresis  '       |     [yXuaaa,    tongue; 

aripijffig,  privation].      Surgical  excision  of  the  tongue ; 

absence  of  the  tongue. 
Glossotheca   (glos-o-t/ie'-ka/i)    [yAuaaa,  tongue ;  &vkti, 


.,1  l  (SSOTI1   I 


524 


(.It  MACE<  »rs 


aca  In  b  of  a 

Glossotilt 

ill]       An  instrument  by  which  the  toi 

tificial  i 

rat- 
Glossotomy 

ui  II  •  the  ex- 

gue. 

Glossy  Skin  the  skin,  charac 

i   .111- 

i  Dili 

Glossy  pertrophia,     or    Glossypertrophy 

i  er  ; 
I  the  tongue. 
Glof.  seiz- 

ure]. 
Glotiai  lottis].      Pertaining  to  the 

Glottalgia  . •')      \_)'/u~a,     tongue;   a 

Glottic  ngue].     I.    Pertaining  to 

the  •  -     Pertaining  to  the  glottis. 

Glottid  lottis].     An  act  of  the  vo- 

cal by  the  form  of  the  glottis  is  changed; 

luced  by  such  a  change. 
Glottidean  [yXurrig,  glottis].     Pertain- 

ttis. 

Glottis  [;       ■-  yJ&rra,    tongue].     The 

rim  lh<-    <>[)ening   between   the  arytenoid 

cai'  I    tin-  interval   between   the  vocal    bands  ; 

-    collectively    that    surround    that 

>penii._  r   it   is  the  epiglottis,  a  thin  lamella  of 

vering  the  larynx  during  deglutition. 

Glottiscope  kop)  [yAurrtc,  glottis  ;  gko-iIv,  to 

inspect].      A  form  of  laryngoscope. 
Glottitis  tis).      See   Glossitis. 

Glottology  See  Glossol 

Glov-  [ME. ,  glove,  a  glove].     A  protection  for 

the  hand,  with  separate  partitions  for  each  finger  ;  it  is 
utically  in  certain  skin-diseases  of  the  hand  ; 
a  guard  against  septic  poisoning.     G.  Alpha- 
bet, arno  Alphab 
Glovers'     Stitch    (glui/-erz  stitch).     The    continuous 

suture  in  surgery.      See  Suture. 
Glucinum     flu-si' -num).      See  Beryllium. 
Glucogen      .  ,'  k  :e  Glycogen . 

Glucohemia  [glu-ko-he* '-me-ahj.     See  Glycohemia. 
Gluco-heptose   i  fluf -ko-hep' -tos\.      See  Carbohydrates, 

Glucometer  '-et-er).     See  Glycymeter. 

Gluconic  Acid      lu  kon'-ik).     See  Acid. 

Glucose  -.weet],   <V,H,,(  >,.,   (Jrape- 

ugar.       A    substance    obtained    from 

h  by  the  action  of  the  natural  ferment,  diastase, 

on     of    mineral    acids.       It 

and   therefore  less  sweet,  than  cane- 

jtially  nutritious.      It  is  much  used  as  an 

adu  [|      arieties  are  numerous, 

best  known.      I 
from  Ic.  behavior  to  the  polarized 

:  :     formi  i  to  the  right, 
rystallizes  in 
\rbohydra 
G.  Vinegar.  ,■>-. 

Glucosid   [glu'-k     id)   [  i)       Any  member 

I  may  be  r<  solved  by  the 

ind  another  principle. 

Glucosin        .■/'  |  |.      Any  one  of  a 

taini  .1    by  the    ai  tion  of 
am-  il     '.     ■         6), 


corresponds  in  formula  and  general  properties  with  a 
remarkable  unnamed  base  formed  timing  the  alcoholic 
fermentation  ft  sugar  or  molasses, — Monti's  I 
(\\\.  \  ■.  a  colorless,  strongly  refracting,  very  mobile 
nil.  with  a  nauseous,  pyridin-like  odor.  It  causes 
stu]  ilysis,  impairment  oi  sensibility,  dilatation 

of  the  pupils,  slowing  of  the  pulse  and  depression  of 
the  temperature,  coma,  and  death.  Similar  alkaloidal 
bases  have  also  been  found  in  petroleum,  paraffin-oil, 
chloroform,  benzole,  ether,  amy]  alcohol,  and  in  most 
solvents  in  common  use. 

Glucosis   lght-ko/-sis\.     Same  as  Glycosuria. 

Glucosuria   [glu-ko-sur-re-aK).       See  Glycosuria. 

Glue  iglu)  [gluere,  to  draw  together].  A  decomposi- 
tion-product of  many  nitrogenous  animal  tissues. 
These  lose  their  organized  structure,  on  heating  with 
water,  swell  up,  and  gradually  go  into  solution. 
The  solutions,  even  when  very  dilute,  gelatinize  on 
cooling,  forming  a  jelly  that  dries  to  a  horny  translu 
cent  mass.  This  mass  is  glue,  or  gelatin,  as  the  liner 
grades  are  termed.  It  dissolves  in  hot  water  and 
forms  a  liquid  possessing  notable  cementing-power. 
Two  proximate  principles  seem  to  be  present  as  char- 
acteristic in  all  preparations  of  glue:  glutin,  ob- 
tained chiefly  from  the  hide  and  larger  bones,  and 
chondrin,  from  the  young  bones  while  yet  in  the  soft 
state,  and  the  cartilages  of  the  ribs  and  joint-  I  >f 
these  the  former  much  exceed-  the  latter  in  adhesive 
power.  Hide-glue  is  the  variety  that  show.-,  most 
strongly  the  adhesive  property.  Its  color  may  vary 
considerably  without  any  impairment  of  its  adhesive 
power.  It  is  usually  of  a  gray  to  amber  or  brown- 
yellow  color,  and  translucent  or  partially  opaque.  It 
should  be  clear,  dry,  and  hard,  and  possess  a  glassy  frac- 
ture. It  should  swell  up  but  not  dissolve  in  cold  water, 
but  should  dissolve  in  water  at  62. 50  C.  (144. 50  F.). 
Cologne  Glue  is  manufactured  from  scrap-hide  which, 
after  liming,  is  carefully  bleached  in  a  chlorid-of-lime 
bath  and  then  thoroughly  washed.  Russian  Glue  con- 
tains some  inorganic  admixture.  It  is  of  a  dirty- white 
color,  and  contains  from  four  to  eight  per  cent,  of  white 
lead,  chalk,  zinc- white,  or  barytes.  Size-glue  and 
Parchment-glue  are  both  skin-glues  prepared  with 
special  care.  Bone-glue  or  Bone-gelatin  is  a  clear 
product  free  from  offensive  odor.  It  is  much  used  for 
culinary  purposes  and  for  medicinal  applications, 
and  for  fining  or  clarifying  wines,  etc.  It  is  largely 
used  in  the  manufacture  of  gelatin  capsules,  of 
court-plaster,  and  of  gelatin  emulsions  with  bromid 
and  chlorid  of  silver  for  coating  photographic  dry 
plates.  Patent  (Hue  is  a  very  pure  variety  of  bone- 
glue  of  deep  dark-brown  color.  It  is  very  glossy  and 
swells  up  very  much  in  water.  Isinglass,  or  Fish-gel- 
atin, is  the  finest  and  best  of  animal  glues.  It  is  pure 
white,  nearly  transparent,  dry  and  horny  in  texture, 
and  free  from  smell.  It  dissolves  in  water  at  from 
350  to  500  C.  (950  to  1220  F.)  without  any  residue, 
and  in  cooling  produces  an  almost  colorless  jelly. 
f./i///iil  Glue.  By  the  action  of  nitric  or  acetic  acid 
upon  a  solution  of  glue  its  power  to  gelatinize  may  be 
completely  dissipated,  while  it-  adhesive  power  is  not 
at  all  interfered   with. 

Gluge's  Corpuscles.  Compound  granular  corpuscles  ; 
compound  granule-cells.  Larger  or  smaller  cells 
den-ely  crowded  with  droplets  of  fat,  occurring  in 
tissues  that  are  the  seat  of  fatty  degeneration.  By 
transmitted  light  the  globules  of  fal  show  as  black 
dots,  and  the  whole  corpuscle  looks  like  a  mulberry. 
They  an-  the  only  pathognomonic  evidences  of  soften- 
ing of  nerve  tissue. 

Glumaceous     (glu-ma'-she-us)    [gluma,  a  husk].      In 
biology,  possessing  chaff-like  bracts  or  glumes. 


GLI  ME 


;,-.-, 


GLYCOCYAMIN 


Glume  (glum)   [gluma,    a  hull  or  husk].     In  bio; 

one  of  the  floral  envelops  in  the  g 
Glumellule  (glu-mel'-ul).     San  Lodicule. 

Glusidum    (glu'-sid-um)     [//nJ-e,   sweet],     C,  II,- 

co 

<V .,>  Nil.     Saccharin.      Benzoyl-sulphonic-imid, 

a  coal-tar  derivative.      It    is  an  intensely  sweet,  white 

powder,  200  times  as  sweet  as  cane-sugar.  It  is  anti- 
septic, and  is  used  to  disguise  the  taste  of  nauseous 
medicine.  It  may  be  used  as  a  sweetening-agent  in 
diabetes  and  in  the  treatment  ol  corpulency. 

Glutaric  Acid  (glu  tar'-ik  ).  Sec  Acid. 
Gluteal  (glu'-te-al)  [_< '"'  '"'  •  l'"'  buttock].  Pertain- 
ing to  the  buttocks.  G.  Artery.  See  .  Irt,  n  ,  Table 
of.  G.  Muscles.  See  Muscles, Table  of.  G.  Nerve. 
See  Nerves,  Table  of.  G.  Reflex.  See  Reflexes, 
Table  of. 
Gluten  \gluf-ten)  \_gluten,  glue].  A  substance  re- 
sembling albumin,  with  which  it  is  probably  identical. 
It  occurs  abundantly  in  the  seed  of  cereals,  in  the  form 
of  cubic  cells  surrounding  the  starchy  fecula  of  the 
seed.  It  consists  mainly  of  gluten-fibrin,  gluten- 
casein,  gliadin,  and  mucedin.  G. -bread,  a  variety 
of  non-starch-containing  bread  for  use  by  diabetics. 
It  is  made  as  follows  :  Take  one  quart  of  sweet  milk, 
or  milk  and  water,  one  heaping  teaspoonful  of  good 
butter,  one-fifth  of  a  cake  of  compressed  yeast  beaten 
up  with  a  little  water,  and  two  eggs  well  beaten. 
Stir  in  the  gluten-flour  until  a  soft  dough  is  formed, 
knead  as  in  making  ordinary  bread,  put  in  pans  to 
raise,  and  when  light,  bake  in  a  hot  oven.  G.-soap, 
a  bland  and  soothing  variety  of  soap,  containing  a 
considerable  proportion  of  gluten. 
Gluleo -femoral  {glu' '-te-o-fem' '-or-al)  [ytovrdg,  the  but- 
tock ;  femur,  the  femur].  Relating  to  the  buttock 
and  the  thigh. 
Gluteus  (ght-te'-us)  \_ylovr6c,  the  buttock].  One  of  the 
large  muscles  of  the  buttock.  See  Muscles,  Table  of. 
Glutin  [glu' -tin).     See  Glue. 

Glutition  (glu-tish'-uu)  \_glutire,  to  swallow].    Deglu- 
tition. 
Glutitis  {glu-ti'-tis)    [y/.ov'oc,  buttock  ;   trig,  inflamma- 
tion].     Inflammation  or  suppuration  of  a  buttock. 
Glyceleum  (gli-se'-le-ui/i)  [y'Avuvc,  sweet;   e2xuov,  oil]. 
A    mixture  of  glycerin    2  parts,  olive  oil  6  parts,  al- 
mond-meal I  part ;   it  is  used  as  a  base  for  ointments. 
Glycemia  (gli-se'-me-ak  )  \j/,vkvc,  sweet;  al/ia,  blood]. 

The  presence  of  glucose  in  the  blood. 
Glycerid  (glis'-er-id)  [y/\vK£p6q,  sweet].  A  compound 
ether  of  the  triatomic  alcohol,  glycerol  or  glycerin. 
Some  of  the  glycerids  exist  ready-formed,  as  natural 
fats,  in  the  bodies  of  plants  and  animals,  and  many 
more  may  be  produced  artificially  by  the  action  of 
an  acid  upon  glycerol. 
Glycerin,  Glycerinum  (glis' '-er-in,  gUs-er-V -num)  \y/\v- 
nepdg,  sweet],  C3H-(H  ()).,.  Propenyl  hydrate.  A  vis- 
cous, syrupy,  colorless  substance  derived  from  certain 
fats — mainly  palm-oil — by  decomposing  them  with 
superheated  steam.  Pure  glycerin  is  an  emollient  ;  the 
impure  article  an  irritant  to  the  skin.  Dose  3 j  — i j -  It 
is  an  efficient  internal  remedy  in  acne  and  flatulence, 
and  may  be  used  in  rectal  enemata  or  in  suppositories 
with  soap  or  gelatin  (yL),  in  chronic  constipation.  See 
Glycerol.  Glycerinum  acidi  carbolici  (B.  P .), 
glycerin  4,  carbolic  acid  I.  G.  acid,  gallici  (B. 
P.),  gallic  acid  I,  glycerin  4.  G.  acid,  tannici 
(B.  P.),  tannic  acid  I,  glycerin  4.  G.  aluminis 
(B.  P.),  alum  1,  glycerin  5.  G.  boracis  (B.  P.), 
borax  I,  glycerin  4,  distilled  water  2.  G.  plumbi 
subacetat.  (B.  P.),  acetate  of  lead  5,  oxid  of  lead 
y/2,  glycerin  20,  distilled  water  12.  G.  traga- 
canthae    (B.  P.),  tragacanth  3,  glycerin  12,   distilled 


water  2.  Glycerini,  Suppos.  1.1'  .  each  contains  70 
per  cent,  by  weight  of  glycerin.  Glycerin-Cupric 
Test  i  1  ugar) ;  to  an  inch  of  potassium  hydrate 
in  a  test-tube  add  a  few  drops  of  copper  sulphate 
and  a  few  drops  of  glycerin       Boil  and  add  the  sus- 

urine  by  small   amount--  up  to  less  than 
inch  in  the  tube.     Sugar  will   throw  out  the  cuprous 
<  1  x i<  1 ,  red  oryellow.     G. -Jelly,  a  valuable  preparation 
for  the  treatment  of  eczema.      It  is  made  as  follow 
Gelatin, 4 drams ;  oxid  of  zinc,  2^   drams;  glycerin, 
jounce;    water,  6  dram-.      Heat   the  water,  dissolve 
the  gelatin  in   it,  then  add  the  glycerin  and  zinc,  and 
stir  till   cold.     Before   using,  the  jelly  is  melted   by 
gentle  heat  in    a  water-bath,  and  applied  with  a 
brush.  media. 

Glycerinum  i'-num)    [,  sweet; 

glycerini:  //.,  Glycerind].     I.  Glycerin,  q.  v.     2.   A 
solution  of  some  medicinal  agent  in  glycerin,  q.  v. 
Glycerite.  or  Glyceritum  '  01     *lis-er-i' -turn) 

[;//  veet].    A  mixture  of  medicinal  substances 

with  glycerin.  There  are  six  official  glycerites,  beside-, 
several  others  in  the  National  Formulary.  G.  acidi 
carbolici,  carbolic  acid  2,  glycerin  8.  G.  acidi  tan- 
nici, tannic  acid  2,  glycerin  8.  G.  amyli.  See 
Amylum.  G.  vitelli.  See  Viiellus. 
Glycerize  (glis'-er-lz)   \yXvnep6q,  sweet].     To  treat  or 

mix  with  glycerin. 
Glycerol (glis'-er-ol)  \yXvKEp6  ;.<    I  !.<>.,.    Glyc- 

erin ;   a  substance  produced  in  small  quantities  in  the 
alcoholic  fermentation  of  sugar.     It   is  prepared  exclu- 
sively from  the  fats  and  oils.      It  is  a  thick,  coloi 
syrup,  of  specific    gravity   1.265   at   150  C.     It  has  a 
pure,  sweet  taste,  hence  its  name. 
Glycerose     {gits' '-er-ds)     [y/\vKep6g,    sweet],    C3H603. 
Triose;  a  substance  derived  from  glycerol.      It  is  the 
lowest  glucose,  and  is  a  mixture  of  glycerol  aldehyd 
and  dioxy-acetone.      See  Carbohydrates,  Table  of. 
Glyceryl  {gits' -er-W)  [yAwcep<5c,  sweet].   A  designation 
applied  to   the   trivalent    group   CH.,.CH .( TI.,.      It  is 
the  hypothetic    triatomic    radicle  of  glycerol  and  the 
glycerids,    and  is  also    called  propenyl.      G.  Borate. 
See  Boroglycerin. 
Glycid  {gli'-sid)   [yhvicvg,  sweet],  CjHgO,.     An  anhy- 
drid  of  glycerin,  not  yet  isolated.      G.  Compounds, 
certain  compounds  formed  from  glveerol-derivatives  by 
the  loss  of  II,()  or   HC1.      These    are   again  readily 
converted  into  glycerol-derivarives. 
Glycin    (gli'-sin)    [j  .    sweet],    <\H,N<>,.      Also 

called  Glycocol  and  Glycocin,  Amido-acetic  Acid,  or 
Gelatin-sugar.  It  does  not  occur  in  the  free  state  in 
the  animal  body,  but  enters  into  the  composition  of 
several  important  substances,  as  hippuric  and  glycochol- 
ic  acids.  It  i-  acid  in  reaction,  and  has  a  sweet  taste. 
It  crystallizes  in  large,  colorless,  hard  rhombohedra,  or 
four-sided  prisms,  easily  soluble  in  water.  See  Gly- 
cocol. 
Glycina  (glis-i'-nah).  Soya-bean.  See  So/a. 
Glycocholic     Acid    (gli-ko-kol'-ik)     [}><>.  •<.    -weet; 

XpTcfj,  bile].      An  acid  found  in  the  bile.     See  Acid. 
Glycocid  [gli'-ko-sid).     See  Glucosid. 
Glycocin  [gli'-k  -       Glycin. 

Glycocol  (gli'-ko-kol)  [yAwefcc,  sweet;  Ku'/Ja,  glue]. 
The  same 'as  G/yciu,  q.  v.  The  Glycocols,  Alanins,  or 
Atnido-fatty  Acids  are  crystalline  bodies,  usually  of  a 
sweet  taste,  and  readily  soluble  in  water. 
Glycocyamin  1  %li-ko-si'-atn-iri\  \y~kmbc,  sweet ;  Kvavdg, 
blue;  amin\,  C,I  I-N ,().,.  Guanido-acetic  Acid  ;  a 
substance  obtained  by  the  direct  union  of  glycocol 
with  cyanamid.  It  is  soluble  in  120  parts  of  cold 
water  and  rather  readily  in  hot  water;  insoluble  in  al- 
cohol and  in  ether.  It  forms  crystalline  compounds 
with  acids  and  bases. 


■I»IU  h 


GNATHIDH  M 


, 


with 


:.ir  in  the  animal 


. 


1.1. 
A  diva- 

i.il.  thick 

and  in  water  in- 

ups  in 

in  ali  ohol 

there 
the  li\ 

jhtly 
■  nil    higher  ; 

hols. 

;  amid'], 
that 

ulty  in  alcohol. 

I 

i    .  dis- 

Ph,     It  is  a  mixture 

- 

•  dia- 
n  the 

I  in  th<   bl I. 

>/. 

G., 
G.,  Para- 


Glycyrrhea  i)  [yhv/cvg,  sweet ;  /ielv,  to  flow]. 

Any  dischai  lucose  from  the  body.     Glycyr- 

rhoea  urinosa.     Synonym  of  Diabetes  mellitus. 

Glycyrrhetin  root], 

>4      Vn  amorphous  bitter  substance  in  liquoi 

Glycyrrhiza  ih)  [;/r/.,.,  sweet;  p 

I  iquorii  e  root.      I'lie  root  of  G. 
.  a  demulcent  and  mild  laxative,  ofsweel  taste 
In  combination  with  other  medicaments  it  is  an  excel 
lent  expectorant,  and  is  much  used  as  an  excipient  in 
pills,  i:  G.,  Ext.,  the    liquorice  <>f  com 

in.  urring    in    black    rolls.      G.,  Ext.,   Liquid 

B.P  U  ~  ij.  G.,  Ext.,  Purum,  made  with 
aqua  ammonia  and  water  by  percolation  and  evapora 
tion.  G.,  Ext.,  Fid.,  prepared  with  water  - 
hoi.  G.,  Mist.,  Comp.,  Brown  mixture,  pure  extract, 
ia,  aa  3  parts,  Unit,  opii  camph.  12,  vin. 
antimonii  6,  spt.  nitrous  ether  3,  water  70.  Dose  3J 
-5  ss.  G.  etOpii,  Trochisci,  have  each  ext.  of  glycyr- 
rhiza, gr.  ij.  ext  oi  opium  gr.  ..'„,  acacia,  sugar,  oil  of 
ani  Dose  j — Ij.     G.,  Pulv.,  Comp.,  compound 

licorice-powder,  1  S„glycyrrhiza  23,01]  of  fennel 

4,  washed  sulphur  8,  sugar  50. 
Glycyrrhizin  rir-i'-ziri).      5       Glycyrrhizinnm. 
Glycyrrhizinum     {glis-ir-iz-i' '-nuni\     [yAiwcfcc,    sweet; 

.  .  Glycirrhizini\.      A  sweet  principle 
derived    from  liquorice-root.     G.  ammoniatum  (U. 

5.  P.),  ammoniated  glycyrrhizin,  a  sweet  preparation 

I  as  a  substitute  for  liquorice.      Dose  gr.  v— xv. 

Glyoxal  (gli-oks'-al)  [yTwKvq,  sweet;  bgaMg,  sorrel], 
I  II,11.  A.  substance  formed  by  oxidizing  acetalde- 
hyd  with  HN03.  It  is  an  amorphous  non-volatile 
mass  that  deliquesces  in  the  air,  and  is  soluble  in  al- 
cohol and  in  ether. 

Glyoxalin  oks'-al-iri)   [;.  weet ;   ofaAtp,  sor- 

rel], C3H4N2.  A  substance  produced  by  the  action 
of  ammonia  upon  glyoxal.  It  is  easily  soluble  in 
water,  alcohol  and  ether,  and  crystallizes  in  brilliant 
prisms,  melting  at  So0  C.  and  boiling  at  2550  <  . 

Glyoxim  {gli-oks'-im)  [;/i'/i/'c,  sweet],  G,IIt\,« >.,.  A 
compound  produced  by  the  action  of  hydroxylamin 
upon  trichlorlactic  acid.  It  is  soluble  in  water,  alco- 
hol, and  ether;  crystallizes  in  rhombic  plates;  melts  at 
1780  C.  ;  sublimes  without. difficulty ;  has  a  faintly  acid 
reaction,  and  forms  salts  with  bases. 

Glyoxylic  Acid  {gli-oks-il'-ik).     See  Acid. 

Gmelin's  Test.     Same  as  Gmelin-Heintz  Reaction. 

Gmelin-Heintz  Reaction.  A  test  l"i  bile  pigments 
in  the  urine.      See  Tests,   Tab 

Gmelina  [mel' -in-all)  [after  Gmelin,  a  Russian  scien- 
tist ].  A  genus  of  verbenaceous  shrubs  and  tree's.  In 
India,  G.  arborea,  G.  asiatica,  G.  parvifolia,  G. 
villosa,  and  other  species,  are  employed  in  catarrhal 
disorders  and  in  fevers  and  rheumatism.      Unof. 

Gnaphalium  {naf-a' -le-uni) .     See    Life-everlasting, 

Gnat  (//'//)  [Ml  ,a  gnat].      A   dipterous  insect, 

the  Culex pipiens,  differing  but  slightly  from  the  com- 
mon mosquito,  with  which  it  i-  popularly  confounded. 
I  he  ••  b  usi-N  in  a  piercing  of  the  skin  ami  the 

withdrawal  of  a  min  intitj   of  blond.      The  gnat 

has  no  sting  or  pi  mds. 

Gnathalgia  {nath-al' '-je-ak)  [  .  jaw  ;  '<>;<»;,  pain]. 

Pain  or  neuralgia  "|"  the  jaw. 

Gnathankylosis     [n&th-ang-kil-of-sis)     [yv&dog,     jaw 
•■ma  ,  ankylosis].     Ankylosis  of  the  jaw. 


Gnathic    (n&th'-i  .  the    cheek-bone], 

or  jaw.     G.  Index. 


Per 

lar  and  Ina 

Gnathidium  [nath-id'-e  urn  .  jaw:  />/. ,  Gnath 

In     biology,    "lie    (,f    the    rami    of     the    lower 
mandible  "i   a  bird. 


GNATHION 


r,r, 


G<  »LD 


Gnathion  [nath'-t  -on  |,     See   Craniometrii  Points. 

Gnathite  \nith'-lt)  [yvadog,  the  jaw].  In  biology, 
one  of  tin-  jaw  liii  of  an  arthropod  ;   a  gnathopod 

Gnathitis  [nath-i' -tis)  [yvadog,  jaw;  trig,  milamma- 
tion].      Inflammation  of  the  jaw  oi 

Gnathogramma  {ndtho-gram'-ah)  [yvadog,  jaw, 
cheek;     ypdfifia,    line].      Jadelol  I    line. 

Jadelofs  Lines  or  Furrows. 

Gnathoneuralgia  [nath-o-nu-ral'-jt  ah)   [  jaw; 

iov,  a  nerve;  aXyog,  pain].     See  Gnathalgia. 

Gnathoparalysis  {ndth-o-par-al' -is-is)  [yvdOog,  jaw; 
rrapdXvaig,  paralysis].      Paralysis  ol  the  jaw. 

Gnathoplasty  (nathf-o-plas-te)  [yvddog,  (lurk;  n-Ada- 
oecv,  to  shape].     Plastic  surgery  of  the  cheek. 

Gnathoplegia  \  nath-o-ple1 '-je-ah  i  [;  vddog,  cheek  ; 
->//;//.  stroke].      Paralysis  of  the  (lurk. 

Gnathopodite     [nath  it)    [yvdOog,    jaw; 

font].      Same  a-  Gnathite. 

Gnathorrhagia  [ttath-or-a' -je-ah)  [yvddog,  the  cheek; 
/)//;  rivai,  to  burst  forth].  Hemorrhage  from  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  cheek. 

Gnathoschisis  [nath-os' -kis-is)  [yvddog,  jaw;  oxKetv, 
to  split].      Cleft -jaw. 

Gnathospasmus     (nath-o-spaz' '-mus)     [yvddog,      jaw; 
ru6g,  spasm].     Locked    jaw;   trismus. 

Gnathostegite  [nath-osf -tej-it)  [yvadog,  jaw;  arb/og, 
roof].  In  biology,  the  cover  to  the  mouth-parts  of  a 
crustacean  formed  by  the  expansion  of  parts  of  the 
third  thoracic  limbs. 

Gnomonic  [no-mon/-ik)  [;  v6/mjv,  a  carpenter's  square]. 
In  biology,  bent  at  right  angles. 

Gnoscopin  [nos'-ko-pin),  < "..,1 1  :;,;N J  >,,.  A  crystalline 
a'kaloidof  opium,  melting  at  2330  C. 

Goa  Ball,  or  Goa  Stone  [Gga,  in  Portugal].  A  mass 
of  drugs  made  up  into  a  large  bolus,  from  which 
enough  for  a  dor  is  scraped  as  needed;  it  is  said  to 
have  originated  at  Goa.  G.  Powder.  See  Ara- 
roba. 

Goadby's    Solution.     A   solution   of  salt  and  con 
sublimate  in  water,  for  preserving  meat  against  putre- 
faction. 

Goanese  Ipecacuanha  ( go-an-iz'  ip-c-kak-u-an'-ah). 
See  Naregamia. 

Goat's-voice  (gdtz'-vois).     See  Egophony. 

Goblet  Cells.  Chalice-like  cells  lying  between  the  epi- 
thelial cells  of  the  intestinal  villi. 

Goddard's  Astringent  Gargle.  An  astringent  gargle 
composed  of  alum  2  drams,  pomegranate  bark  y2 
ounce,  red  rose  petals  I  dram,  honey  1  ounce,  boiling 
water  6  ounce- 

Godfrey's  Cordial.  A  non-official  preparation  of 
opium  containing  from  half  a  grain  to  a  grain  and  a 
half  of  opium  to  the  ounce. 

Goggle-eyed  [gog/-l-ld)  [ME.,  goggleyed\  A  vulgar 
synonvm  of  Exophthalmos  and  oi  Strabismus. 

Goggles  [ME.,  '  n.   to    look    asquint]. 

Spectacles  with  colored  lenses  and  wire  or  cloth  sides, 
to  protect  the  eyes  from  excessive  light,  dust,  etc. 

Gogo  i.go'-go)  [African].  The  rhizome  of  Phrynium 
beaumetzii,  a  marantaceous  plant  indigenous  to 
the  western  coast  of  Africa.  It  is  a  powerful  vermi- 
fuge and  purgative.  It  is  used  in  the  form  of  a  de- 
coction,   ,:jii^  to  tin-  (  >j.      I'nof. 

Gogul  {gt^-gul)  [Beng.  or  Hind.].  A  name  for 
various  balsamic  resins,  the  product  of  Asiatic  trees 
of  the  genus  Balsam odendron  ;  it  is  sometimes  classed 
as  Elemi,  and  also  a-   Bdellium. 

Goiter  {goi'-ter)   [guttur,  throat].      Enlargement,  par- 
ticularly  if  hypertrophic,  of  the  thyroid   gland.      It  is 
called,  also,  Bronchocele  and    Tracheocele.      It  gener 
ally  accompanies  cretinism.     G.,  Anemic.    Synonym 
of  G.,  Exophthalmic.   G.,  Exophthalmic,  Basedow's 


Disease,  Graves'    I  disease.      A    d  ized 

by  cardiac  palpitation,  goiter,  exophthalmos, 

palpitation  usually  bring  tin-  initial  symptom  ;  tin-  pulse 
ranges  from  90  to  120.  <  l<  1  asionally  the  exophthal- 
mos is  so  extreme  as  to  produce  spontaneous  disloca- 
tion of  one  or  both  eyes.  1  hen  are  pres<  nl  Graefe's 
lid-sign,  namely,  inability  of  the  upper  lid  to  follow 
perfectly  the  downward  movemenl  oi  the  eye;  and. 
usually,  Stel  .  viz. ,  apparent    widening   of 

the  palpebral  aperture,  <  1  ih-  to  retraction  of  the  upper 
lid  The  disease  is  usually  encountered  in  women;  it- 
course  is  chronic,  ami  the  ultimate  1  •  ry. 

ih,  however,  occasionally  results        I  ogy 

i-  obscure,  but   the  disease  occurs  frequently  in  tl 
of  the  neurotic  habit.      The  I  .   for  the 

explanation  of  exophthalmic  goiter  may  be  j> laced  in 
three  divisions:  1.  The  cardio-vascular  theories, 
which   locate  th  1   the  disease   in  the  heart  it- 

self, the  vessels,  and  the    blood.    2.  The  mechan 
theories,  which  conned   the   symptoms  with  compres- 
sion of  vessels  or  nerves  in  the  neck  by  a  primarily 
hypertrophied     thyroid.      3.    The    nervou 
which    attribute    the    disease    to    disturbance    in    the 
vagus     nerve,     in     the     sympathetic      nerve     ii 
or  in  the  central  nervous  system  proper.     G.,  Pulsat- 
ing.     Synonym  of   (,'.,  Exophthalmic.      G. -stick,  the 
coarse  stem  of  certain  kinds  of  sea-weed  (Sargassum 
iferum,  etc.),  used  in  various  places  as  a  cure  for 
goiter. 

Goitrous  (goi'-lrus)  [guttur,  throat].  Pertaining  to 
or  affected  with  goiter. 

Gokeroo  (goo/S-er-oo).     See  Gokhru. 

Gokhru  {gok'-ru)  [P.  Indian].  Gokeroo.  The  fruit  of 
Pedalium  murex,  found  in  the  Past  Indies,  much  used 
by  the  natives  for  enuresis  and  spermatorrhea.  It  is 
used  in  infusion  of  3J  to  Oj  of  boiling  water.  Dose 
ad  lib.      L'nof. 

Gold  [M  P. ,  gold,  gold].  See  Aitritm.  G.,  Bichlorid  of, 
so-called,  has  been  vaunted  in  the  treatment  of  drunk- 
enness and  the  opium-habit.  The  com]  -  if  chlorin 
and  gold  are  the  monochlorid  and  the  trichlorid. 
G. -beaters'  Cramp.  See  Cramp.  G. -beaters' Skin, 
a  thin  membrane  prepared  from  the  cecum  of  the 
ox  for  gold-beaters'  use.  It  has  a  limited  use  in 
surgery.  G.,  Annealing  of,  the  softening  of  gold 
by  means  of  heat,  to  reduce  the  hardness  caused  by 
the  mechanical  forces  to  which  it  has  been  subjected 
in  its  manufacture.  See  Annealing.  G. -brown. 
Same  a-  Phenylene-brown.  G.  Cinnabar.  Same 
as  Minium.  G.  Crowns,  portions  of  the  natural 
crowns  of  teeth  capped  with  gold,  thereby  restoring 
the  contour.  G.-foil,  Dentists'  (aurum  foliatum), 
gold-leaf.  Gold-foil,  as  used  by  dentists  for  tilling 
teeth,  is  gold  hammered  into  a  thin  leaf,  but  finer 
in  quality  and  of  much  greater  thickness  than  the 
article  ordinarily  known  as  gold-leaf.  G. -ochre. 
Same  as  Ochre.  G. -orange,  an  anilin  dye  employed 
by  Unna  for  staining  lepra-bacilli  and  tubercle- 
bacilli.  See  Stains,  Table  of.  and  Pigments,  Conspec- 
tus of.  G. -plate,  for  dental  uses,  may  be  made  by 
the  following  formulas  : — 

i8-Karat  Gold-plate. 

Gold iS  dwt. 

Silver '.  .    2    " 

Copper 4 

20-Karat  Gold-plati  . 

Gold  coin, 20  dwt. 

Silver 2    ' 

Copper '.    .    2     ' 

G.  of  Pleasure.  See  Camelitia.  G. -purple.  Same 
as  Cassius'  Purple.  G. -solder,  gold  alloyed  with  one 
or  more  metals.      The  followT  g  table  exhibits  the  rela- 


. 


..<  )N(  >B1    VS1  ll»ll  M 


lentl)   em- 


G 


• 


G.-rod, 

stimulant 

the 

G.-seal. 

111  granular- 
Method,  .1  meth  lining 

;umns  of. 

■  xpenment.      Animals   lose   their 

:    the  mid  brain 

G.'s   Croaking-experi- 

naenl  when  the  skin  of  its 

G.'s  Embrace-experi- 
nu--  •  i)    the   body  "f    the 

and  fourth  vertebra 

with  which  it  is  brought  into 

G.'s    Static-theory,  position     of 

lolymph   of   the   semicircular 

some  part  of 

ccitirig  the  nerve- 

• 

Goi:  i  nail].     A  genus  of 

shrubs,  partly  natives  of  tropical 

l.     The  leaves  and  bark 

at,  and  aromatic. 

Gomphia    .s  toothache]. 

,  a  boll 

I  in  sock' 
Gomphos;s  .    nail].       See  Syn- 

n  ;    aicpa- 
Gon.i  I  ■ :  ]  .A  spermary  or  ovary  ; 

n].      In  biology, 

lia. 

ductus ;    a 
I   a  reproduc- 

seizure]. 

pain]. 


P 


Gonam 


n  ration  ; 

In   !  the  repro 

inth   thai 

I 
ti  rnal 
the 


mmation  nee- 

Gonarthrocace  knee . 


.  joint;  mm//,  evil].      A  cancerous  or  ulcerated 
the   knee-joint,  popularly  known  as  white 
swelling. 

Gonarthrotomy     {gon-ar-throt1 '-o-me)     [y6w,     knee; 
,  to  cut].      Incision  into  the knee- 
nt. 

Gonecium  I.    ■•    generation,    seed  ; 

bouse].     A  modified  zoecium  set  apart  in   the 
for  reproductive  functions. 

Gonecys'.  [yov#,  semen  ; /twiric,  cyst].     A 

imal  \ esicle. 

Gonecystic  is'-tik)  [~}oii/,  semen;  tdutrig, cyst] . 

Pertaining  to  a  gonecyst. 

Gonecystitis    {gon-e-sis-ti'-tis)    [yovfj,  semen;    idjarig, 
inflammation],      inflammation  of  a  gone- 
-i. 

Gonecystolith  i  gon-e-sis' '-to-lith)  [y>v//,  semen  ;  Krone, 
cysl  ;  /  ""< ,  stone].     A  synrpexion,  q.  v. 

Gonecystoncus    \gon-e-sis-tong,-kus)     [yon'/,    semen  ; 
kvotic,  cyst;  byxog,  tumor].      Any  tumor  of  a  seminal 
icle. 

Gonepoiesis  poi-e'-sis)    (,"'/,    semen;    rroieiv, 

to  make].      The  secretion  or  elaboration  of  semen. 

Gonepoietic  {gon-e-poi-etf -ik)  [yovij,  semen;  woutiv,  to 
make].      Pertaining  to  the  secretion  of  semen. 

Gongrona  ,'->iah)     [yoyypuv//,     a    ganglion]. 

Synonym  of   Goiter. 

Gonic  [gon'-ik)  [jovikoc,  pertaining  to  semen].  Per- 
taining to  semen  or  to  generation. 

Gonid  {go-nid').      Same  as  Gonidium. 

Gonidangium    [gon-id-an' '-je-uni)    \yovi],  generation; 
yeiov,  a  vessel :  pi. ,   Gonidangia].   In  biology,  a  sac 
or  sporangium  containing  asexually-produced  spores. 

Gonidimium  (gon-id-im\e-utri)  [} ov>/,  generation  :  />/. , 
Gonidimid\.  Applied  to  gonidial  cells  ;  certain 
lichens  intermediate  between  gonidia  proper  and 
gonimia. 

Gonidiophore  (go-nid'-e-o-for)  [yoi7/,seed;  (prpciv,  to 
bear].  In  biology,  the  fruiting-organ  of  certain  fungi 
producing  spores  asexually. 

Gonidium  {go-nid'-e-um)  [;ow),  seed:  />/. ,  Gonidia], 
In  biology,  (a)  one  of  the  grass-green  algal  elements 
of  the  lichen  thallus.  (/>)  Also  called  Gonid,  and  applied 
to  various  asexually-produced  reproductive  bodies. 
Cf.  Pseudocyst. 

Gonimium  (go-nim'-e-um  |  [y6vi/ioc,  able  to  produce: 
//. ,  Gonimia].  In  biology,  glaucous-green  or  bluish- 
green  gonidia. 

Gonioautecious  (go-ne-o-aw-te* 'ske-us)  [yuvia,  an 
angle  ;  avror.  the  same  ;  <i'ii«tr,  house].  In  biology, 
applied  to  plants  producing  both  male  and  female  in- 
llorescences,  as  mosses  with  the  bud-like  male  organs 
growing  on  a  female  branch. 

Gonion  [g^-ne-on)  [yuvia,  an  angle].  See  Craniome- 
tric  Point.;. 

Goniotheca  {go-ne-o-the'-kah  )  [yuvia,  an  angle  ;  Qtjktj, 
a  case  :  />/.,  GoniotAecte].     See  Macrosporangium. 

Goniotropous     {^o-ne-ot'-ro-pus)      [yuvia,    an     angle; 
,  to  turn].      In  biology,  applied  to  certain  quad- 
rangular stems,  in  which  two  of  the  angles  are  anterior 
and  posterior,  and  the  others  lateral.     Cf.   Pleurotrop- 
ous. 

Gonio-zygomatic  {  y-o-nc-o-zi-go-mat' -ik)  [yov'ia,  an 
an;.'1  .  a  yolk].      Relating  to  the  gonion  and 

the  zygoma. 

Gonitis  [go-ni'-t;  \  .  v,  knee  ;  mr,  inflammation]. 
Inflammation  of  the  knee-joint. 

Gonoblast  i    on'  o  I  I        >»,  generation;    [i?.aoT6c, 

germ].  A  sperm-cell  or  germ-cell;  any  cell  con- 
cerned directly  in  reproduction  ;  a  spermatozoon  ;  an 
ovum. 

Gonoblastidium   (gon-o-blas-tid'-e-um)  [y6vog,  genera- 


GONOBi  )I.I  \ 


529 


G(  >SS"S  I'llN 


tion,  seed;  QTuurrdg,  germ:  //. ,  Gonoblastidid\.  A 
term  applied  by  Huxley  to  the  organs  sel  apart  for  tbe 

production  of  generative  buds  in  the  Physophorida 
and  other  Hydrozoa.     Cf.  Blastostyle. 

Gonobolia  {gon-o-bo1 '-le-ah)  [,'"'/,  semen;  .iij/'/m- , 
to  throw],  I.  The  ejaculation  of  semen.  2.  Sper- 
matorrhea. 

Gonocace  {gon-okf -as-e)  \y6w,  knee;  k&kt],  evil]. 
Same  as  Gonarthrocace. 

Gonocalyx  (gon-o-ka' -liks)  \_y6vog,  generation,  seed  ; 
Kn'/r;,  a  cup:  pi.,  Gonocalices,  Gonocalyxe  ].  In  biol- 
ogy, a  term  applied  by  1  luxley  to  the  investment  of  the 
reproductive  organs  of  many  of  the  Hydrozoa,  having 
more  or  less  the  structure  of  a  nectocalyx,  but  from 
whose  walls  those  of  the  actual  genital  sac,  the  man- 
ubrium of  Allman,  tend  to  Income  independent. 

Gonocele  (gon'-o-sel)  [yovv,  knee  ;  k/////,  tumor].  A 
swelling  of  the  knee. 

Gonocele  [gon'-o-sil)  \yovfj,  semen;  /07A77,  tumor].  1. 
A  tumor  of  a  testis,  or  of  a  spermatic  cord,  due  to 
retention  of  semen.  2.  Synonym  of  Gonorrheal 
Rheumatism. 

Gonocheme  [gon'-o-klm)  \y6vog,  generation,  seed; 
bxeiv,  to  carry,  hold].  In  biology,  hydroid  medusa.- 
bearing  genitalia. 

Gonochorismus  {gon-o-kor-iz' -mas)  \y6vog,  generation, 
sex  ;  ^w/mct^oc,  separation].  In  biology,  the  special- 
ization of  sex  ;  the  differentiation  of  male  or  female 
genitalia  in  a  developing  embryo  ;  the  separation  of 
the  sexes  in  phylogeny. 

Gonococcus  (gon-o-kok' -us)  [yovlj,  semen  ;  kokkoq,  ker- 
nel]. A  microbe  thought  to  be  the  specific  cause  of 
gonorrhea.  See  Gonorrhea,  and  Bacteria,  Synonym- 
atic  Table  of. 

Gonocyst  {gon'-o-sist)  [yovog,  generation,  seed  ;  Kvang, 
a  pouch].  In  biology,  the  inflation  of  the  surface  of 
the  zoarium  in  which  the  embryos  are  developed  in 
certain  of  the  Polyzoa.     See  Gonecysl. 

Gonoid  (  goi-noid )  [ydvog,  semen;  eMoc,  appearance]. 
Resembling  semen. 

Gonolobus  (gon-o  lo'-bus]  \yovoq,  semen;  ?io/?dc,  pod]. 
A  genus  of  asclepiadaceous  plants,  all  American.  G. 
macrophyllus,  of  the  U.  S. ,  has  a  cathartic  and  poison- 
ous root.  Unof.  Some  varieties  of  condurango  are 
furnished  by  plants  of  this  genus. 

Gonophore  (gon'-o-for)  \y6vog,  seed;  fopog,  bear]. 
In  biology  :  I,  a  stipe  below  stamens.  2.  The  ultimate 
generative  zooid  of  the  Hydroid-medusa,  that  which 
immediately  produces  the  generative  elements.  It 
may  be  either  medusiform  or  sacciform. 

Gonoplasm  (gon'-o-plazm)  [yovoc,  seed;  TiAaaitu.  any- 
thing formed].  In  biology,  that  portion  of  the  pro- 
toplasm of  the  male  fertilizing  element  in  certain 
cryptogams  that  penetrates  and  fertilizes  the  oosphere. 

Gonopod  {gon'-o-pod  \  \y6vog,  generation  ;  kovq,  foot]. 
In  biology,  one  of  the  specialized  abdominal  feet  of 
certain  male  crustaceans,  functionating  as  auxiliary  re- 
productive organs. 

Gonopoiesis  (gon-o-poi-e'-sis) .     See  Gonepoiesis. 

Gonopoietic  (gon-o-poi-et'  ik  |  [;  6 ivc, generation,  seed; 
Troiz/riKor,  productive].  In  biology,  productive  of  re- 
productive elements,  as  ova  or  spermatozoa. 

Gonorrhea  (gon-or-e'-ah)  [,-"  •  semen;  poia,  a 
flow].  Etymologically,  an  involuntary  discharge 
of  semen,  but  generally  applied  to  a  specific  infectious 
inflammation  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  urethra 
and  adjacent  cavities.  The  gonococcus  of  Neisser  is 
believed  to  be  the  specific  microbe  of  gonorrhea.  It  is 
a  diplococcus,  found  in  clumps  of  from  10  to  20,  sur- 
rounded by  a  mucous  envelop.  G.  balani,  affects 
the  glans  penis.  G.,  Bastard.  See  G.,  Mucous.  G., 
Dry,  a  form  unassociated  with  discharge.  G.,  Mu- 
34 


cous,  the  so-called  abortive  or  slight  superficial  ca- 
tarrh. The  inflammation  never  runs  high,  and  sub- 
side-, in  from  seven  to  fourteen  days.  G.  preputialis. 
See  Balanitis.     G.  sicca.    See  G.,   / 

Gonorrheal  n    r-e'-al)     \ybvog,     semen;    pi 

(low].  Relating  to  gonorrhea.  G.  Ophthalmia. 
See  Ophthalmia.  G.  Rheumatism,  inflammation 
of  one  or  more  joints  as  a  sequel  of  gonorrhea.  G. 
Wart.     See   Venereal  Wart. 

Gonoscheocele  [gon-os/-he-o-sel)[^ym  ;  bax^ov, 

scrotum;  idjTtf],  tumor].  A  distention  of  the  testicle 
with  semen. 

Gonosome  (gon/-o-sotn)  \y6vog,  generation,  seed; 
ni.niii.  the  body].  In  biology,  the  entire  assembly 
ot   generative  zooids  in  a  hydroid  colony. 

Gonospherium    1  ron-o  rfe'-re-uni)    \_y6vog,  generation, 
seed;  o<j>alpa,  sphere :  pi.,  Gonospheria"].     In  biol 
a  lorm  of   oogonium  in  which  the  protoplasm  i- 
densed  at  the  (enter  of  the  cell  and  separated  by  a 
space  from  the  cell-wall. 

Gonostroma      (gon-o-stro/-mah)  ,     offspring; 

or/iufta,  stroma].      The  proligerous  disc. 

Gonotheca  {gon-o-tke'-kah)  \y6vog,  generation,  seed  ; 
"/,/.//,  case  :  //. ,  Gonotheca''].  In  biology,  the  chitin- 
ous  hull  of  the  reproductive  capsules  of  certain  hydro- 
zoans. 

Gonozemia  {gon-o-ze'-m,'-a!i)  [yovog,  semen ;  (.rifita, 
flow]-.      Excessive  secretion  or  discharge  of  semen. 

Gonozobid    (gon-o-zo'-oid)    [yovog,    generation ;   I 
animal ;  eldoc,  form].      In  biology,  one  of   the  sexual 
zooids  of  an  ascidian. 

Gonyagra  (g.ou-e-a/-grah).     See  Gonagra. 

Gonyalgia  \gon-e-alf-je-ah\.     See  Gonalgia. 

Gonybatia  (  i;o>i-e-bar-she-ah)  [yaw,  knee ;  (laiveiv,  to 
go].  Walking  upon  the  knees  ;  a  symptom  encountered 
in  some  paralytic  and  paretic  cases. 

Gonycampsis  (gon-e-hamp/-sis)  \_yow,  knee;  nafitpig, 
curve].      Deformity  of  the  knee  by  curvation. 

Gonyocele  (gon'-e-o-sel)  \y6vv,  knee;  m,'/.ij,  tumor]. 
Same  as  Gonyoncus. 

Gonyoncus  {gon-e-ong* -kits)  \y6w,  knee;  0;  koc . 
tumor].      A  tumor  or  swelling  of  the  knee. 

Gonys  (go'-m's)  [yivvg,  the  chin].  In  biology/,  the  line 
of  symphysis  of  the  mandibles  of  a  bird. 

Gonytyle  {gon-e-ti'-le)  \yow,  knee;  ri'//;.  pad].  A 
prominent  thickening  of  the  skin  upon  the  knee. 

Goodyera  igood-ye' -rafi)  [after  John  Goodyer,  an  Eng 
lish  botanist].  A  genus  of  orchidaceous  plants.  G. 
repens  of  Asia,  Europe,  and  America,  i-  a  popular 
medicine.  G.  pubescens  of  X.  America  1  rattlesnake 
plantain,  cancer-plant)  is  applied  to  sores,  cancer.-, 
etc.      Unof. 

Goose  (goos)  [ME.,  goos,  a  goose].  A  bird  of  the 
family  of  Anserines.  G. -flesh.  See  G.-skin.  G.- 
foot.     See    Pes  anserinus.     G. -grass.     -  'ium 

aparine.     G.-skin,  Cutis  ansera.  Goose-flesh,  a  | 
lar    name    for   a    well-known    condition    of    the    skin 
marked  by  prominence   about  the  hair-follicles. 
.  irrector  pili  Muscle. 

Gore  (gor)  [ME..  .  gore].     Thick  or  clotted  blood. 

Gorged  Stomach  (gorfd stum'-ak).  See  Stomach 
Staggers. 

Gorgeret  {gor-jer-eP)  [IT.  .  throat].   A  surgeon's 

gorget,  especially  a  small  gorget. 

Gorget  1  I  .a  chasm].      A  channeled  in- 

strument similar  to  a  grooved  director.  It  may  be 
blunt,  sharp,  hooked,  etc.  In  biology,  a  throat- 
patch,  as  the  brilliant  throat  of  the  humming-bird. 

Gorgon's  Head.      See  Caput  medusa. 

Gosselin's  Fracture.  A  V-shaped  fracture  of  the  distal 
extremity  of  the  tibia,  involving  the  ankle-joint. 

Gossypiin    (gos-ip'-e-in)   [gossyprium,  the  cotton-tree]. 


-A  I'lM 


. 


In    I 


im  ■ 


G 


i  [1 

fatty 

li  is 

G     rad.,  Cortex, 

G    :.i  1  •  Kxt., 

mm< 

mm. 

n  li. 

m  basal 

H  llll  tile 

G.'s  Curet, 

ills. 

ir  cutting 
■  I  structui 

i 

G.'s    Extract. 

i,  Methods  of. 
Gouran  Goyrand's,   Disease. 

G.'  .  Hern 

[Ml    .  gourd]. 

Gou:  a  drop]. 

■  1  by   an   ex 

illy    sodium 

■ilium    urate 

irticular    surfaces    of 

it    in    tin  irdiac 

idneys    may 

jeal  joint  of  the 

I  attack,  and 

Tophi 

diminished  solubility 

idity  of  the  blood  ;  to 

tnd  failure  in  function 

tive 

ul       I  he 

.      tense  pain  in 

.  pyrexia, 

the    night. 

ular  in 
I  ris.      G., 

'■' 

-oceden"  i,  ,1 

without 

].     '  »f  t! 
G.    Kidney. 

I. 

mn.  G.s'    Front-tap 

- 

G.'s  Pupil. 


GRAHAMITE 

Gowland's  Cosmetic.  Lotion,  or  Wash.  A  famous 
lotion  used  iii  the  treatment  of  acne,  and  said  to  have 
contained  oxymuriate  of   mercury  in  an  emulsion  of 

bitter  almond-. 
Gr.     Abbreviation  of  train. 
Graafian   Follicles,  or   Vesicles.     Peculiar   vesicular 

bodies  existing  in  the  cortex  of  the  ovary  as  well  a-  in 


Arranged 
compress 
size,  the 


Graafian  Follicle  and  Ovule,  with  Proligkrous  Disc 

the   ovarian    stroma.      Within    them   the  ova  mature. 
See  /  'esicle. 

Gracilis  [eras' '-il-is)  [L. ,  slender].  See  Muscles,  Table 
of.  G.  Experiment,  an  experiment  performed  upon 
the  gracilis  muscle  of  the  frog,  showing  that  pure 
muscular  excitation  does  not  travel  backward  from  the 
muscle  to  the  nerve. 

Gradient  |  gra'-de-ent)  [gradi,  to  step,  to  go].  In  biol- 
ogy, walking,  rather  than  creeping  or  jumping. 

Graduate  (grad'-u-dt)  \gradus,  a  step].  To  take  a 
degree  from  a  college  or  university.  Also,  a  person 
on  whom  a  degree  has  been  conferred.  Also,  in 
pharmacy,  a  glass  vessel  upon  which  the  divisions  of 
liquid  measure  have  been  marked. 

Graduated  [grad'-u-a  ted)[gradits,  a  step] 
in    degrees    or   steps.       G.  Compress,  a 
made  of  pieces  decreasing    progressively  in 
apex  or  smallest  piece  being  applied  to  the 
focus  of  pressure.     G.  Cones.     See  Cones. 
G.  Full  Bath.     See  Bath. 

Graefe's  Collyrium.  The  celebrated  colly- 
rium  adstringens  luteum.  It  was  made  as 
follows:  Camphor,  io  grains;  alcohol,  i 
ounce;  chlorid  of  ammonium,  15  grains; 
sulphate  of  zinc,  30  grains ;  croci  pulv. 
hispanici,  2  grains  ;  distilled  water,  5  ounces. 
One  drop  of  this,  after  filtration,  is  used 
morning  and  evening.  G.'s  Knife,  a 
knife  for  the  performance  of  the  operation 
for  cataract.  G.'s  Operations.  SeeOfera- 
tions,  Table  of.  G.'s  Signs  or  Symp- 
toms.     See,    Signs  and   Symptoms,    Table 

Graefe's 

Grafenberg  System.     See  Hydrotherapy.  Knife. 

Graft  [ME.,  graft].     A  small  portion  of  skin, 

bone,  periosteum,  nerve,  etc.,  inserted  into  or  upon  a 

raw  surface  or  tissue  deficient  in  the  special  structure 

desired.     G.,  Sponge,  the  insertion  of  antisepticized 

i  as  a  framework  for  the  granulations. 

Graham  Bread.  Brown  bread;  wheaten  bread  made 
from  unbolted  flour. 

Grahamism  xm-izni)    [after  Sylvester  Graham, 

an  American   reformer].      V  iism;   a  theory  of 

dietetic  ami  medical  reform  started  in  1.S39. 

Grahamite  (  %raf-am  it)  [after  Sylvester  Graham\.     A 
•  tarian  ;  a  follower  of  the  teachings  of    Sylvester 
1am,  1794— 1851. 


GRAHE'S  TES  I 


531 


GRANULOMA 


Grahe's  Test.     See  Tests,   Table  of. 

Grain  {gr&n)  \_granum,  corn],  A  general  name  ap- 
plied to  starch-producing  seeds,  or  i<>  those  of  the 
i  i  reals.  Also,  any  small  seed.  In  pharmai  v,  a  small 
pill.      Also,  the  -..',.  1(  part  of  tire    I  roj   pound. 

Graining-colors.     See  Pigments,  t  olors,  and  Dyestuffs. 

Grains  of  Paradise  [Grana  paradisi,  "  grains  of  para 
dise "].     The    unripe    fruit   of  Amotnum   melegueta, 
and  ui   A. granum  paradisi,  brought  from  \\ .  Africa. 
It    is    an    aromatic    stimulant    and   diuretic,    useful    in 
some  cases  of  neuralgia.     I'nof. 

Grallatorial  (gral-at-o'-re-al)  \_grallator,  one  who 
walks  on  stilts].      In  biology,  applied  to  wading-birds. 

Gram,  Gramme  {gram)  [ypdfj./xa,  a  Greek  weight]. 
The  weight  of  a  cubic  centimeter  of  distilled  water  at 
its  maximum  density.  The  gravimetric  unit  of  the 
metric  system  of  weights  and  measures.  Sec  Metric 
System.  G.  [Anglo-Indian.]  A  commercial  name 
for  the  chick-pea,  Cicer  arietinum,  and  for  other  varie- 
ties of  pulse. 

Gram's  Fluid.  See  Gram's  Solution.  G.'s  Method, 
I.  See  (/raw's  Solution.  2.  See  Treatment,  Methods 
of.  G.'s  Solution,  a  test  for  amyloid  liver,  and  a  mor- 
dant in  staining  for  tubercle-bacilli,  consisting  of  iodin 
I  part,  potassium  iodid  2,  water  300.  The  preparation 
is  taken  from  the  color-bath,  washed  and  plunged  into 
this  solution  until  it  takes  a  blackish  tinge,  then 
washed  in  alcohol  until  decolorization  is  complete. 
This  process  is  called  Grant  s  Method.  See  Stains, 
Table  of. 

Gramineous  (gram-in'-e-us)  [gramen,  grass].  In 
biology,  grass-like. 

Graminifolious  (gram-in-if-o' '-le-us)  [gramen,  grass  ; 
folium,  a  leaf].      In  biology,  having  grass-like  leaves. 

Graminivorous  {gram-in-it/ -or-us)  [gramen,  grass; 
vorare,  to  devour].      Feeding  upon  grass. 

Grammatic  Acataphasia  (gram-af ' -ik  ak-at-af-a'- 
ze-ah).  The  faulty  use  of  words,  due  *not  to  ignor- 
ance, but  to  some  central  brain-lesion.  See  Acata- 
phasia. 

Grammopetalous  (gram-o-pet* '-al-us)  [ypaiiui/,  a 
stroke  or  line  ;  TriraAov,  a  leaf].  In  biology,  having 
petals  like  leaves  of  grass,  linear. 

Grana  paradisi  {gran' -ah  par-ad-i' -si)  [L.].  See 
Grains  of  Paradise. 

Granatum  ( gran-a'-tum)  [granum,  a  grain:  gen., 
Granati~\.  Pomegranate.  The  cortex  of  the  root  of 
Punica granatum  contains  a  liquid  alkaloid, pelletierin, 
C8H13NO,  one  of  the  most  efficient  anthelmintics 
against  tapeworm,  rarely  failing  to  bring  away  the 
whole  worm.  G.,  Fid.  Ext.  Dose  Zss-jss.  G., 
Decoctum,  fresh  bark    gxvij,  water  ^xvij,  boiled  to 


z  xii     and    strained.        Dose 


-Vj. 


Pelletierin 


tannas,  tannate  of  the  alkaloid,  C8HI3NO.CHIIln( ),,. 
Dose  gr.  v-xx  followed  by  a  quick  purgative.  P.  sul- 
phas, very  hygroscopic.      Dose  v-x.      All  unof. 

Grancher's  Sign.     See  Signs  and  Symptoms,  Table  of. 

Grand  Mai  (grand  ma\h)l)  [Fr.].  A  term  for  fully- 
developed  epilepsy  ;  major  epilepsy. 

Grandeau's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Grandeur,  Delirium  of,  or  Delusions  of.  Insane 
exaltation  of  mind,  with  false  opinions  as  to  one's  own 
greatness  and  dignity. 

Grandidentatus  (gran-de-den-ta'-tus)  [grandis,  large; 
dens,  a  tooth].      Having  large  teeth. 

Grandin  (gran'-din)  [grando,  a  hailstone].  A  peculiar 
substance  found  in  the  urine  of  pregnant  women.  It 
is  supposed  to  produce  kyesteln  by  its  decomposition. 

Grandry's  Corpuscles.  A  variety  of  sensitive  nerve- 
terminations  consisting  of  delicately  punctate  and 
sharply  defined  cells  that  are  flattened  and  lens-like  in 
form,  and  have  a  nucleus,  the  latter  being  the  so-called 


Tactile  Cells  of  Merkel.      They  occur  in  the  beak   and 
tongue  nf  the  duck  and  goose,  in  the  epidermis  of  man 

and  mammals,  etc.     They  are   the  sami    as    thi 
puscles  of  Krau 
Graniticoline  { gran-it -ik' -o-lin)   [It  .granite; 

eolere,  to  inhabit].      In  biology,  applied  to  -in  h  lichens 
as  grow  upon  granite. 
Granny  Knot       ran'  e  not        A  tie  of  a  cord  in  which 
in  the  second   loop  the  end   oi  one  cord  i-  over  and 
the  other  under  its  fellow,  so  that  the  two  loops   do 
not   lie    in   the   same   line.      This   knot    can  easily   In- 
converted  into  a  slip-knot.      See  Knot. 
Granular  (  %ranf -u-lar)  [granum,  a  grain].     Made  up 
nl,   containing,  or  bearing  granules.     G.  Casts.     See 
Is.     G.  Corpuscles.     See  Granule-cell.     G.  De- 
generation.    See  Cloudy  Swelling.     G.   Degenera- 
tion of  the   Cervix.     See   Erosion.      G.  Kidney,  a 
kidnej  affected  with  diffuse  or  insterstitial  nephritis.   G. 
Lids.      See    Trachoma.      G.  Liver,  a  cirrhosed  liver. 
See  Cirrhosis.    G.  Pharyngitis,  follicular  pharyngitis. 
Granulated    [gran' -u-la-ted)    [granula,  a  little  grain]. 
Characterized    by   the    presence   of    granulations    <>r 
granules. 
Granulation  (gran-u  la'-shun)  [granula,   dim.  of  gra- 
num, a  grain].     I.  The  operation  of  reducing  coarsely 
crystalline  substances  to  particles  of  uniform  size  by 
solution  and  rapid  evaporation,  with  constant  stirring. 
Sume  substances,  like  ferrous  sulphate,  are  best  gran- 
ulated by  filtering  a  strong  solution   into  alcohol.      2. 
The  formation  of  new  or  cicatricial  tissue  in    the  repair 
of  wounds  or  sores,  the  surface  of  which  has  a  granu- 
lar appearance ;  also,  anyone  of  the  elevated  points 
of  such  a  surface  or  formation.      G.,  Miliary,  a  mili- 
ary tubercle.       G. -tissue,    new  or    cicatricial    tissue 
made  up  of  granulations,  or  by  the  process  of  granu- 
lation. 
Granulative   (gran'-u-la-tiv)    [granula,  a  little  grain]. 
Pertaining  to  or  marked  by  the  process  of  granulation. 
Granule  (gran' -ill)    [granula,   a  little  grain].      In  anat 
omy,  any  small  rounded  grain,  such  as  is  found  in  the 
Malpighian  bodies  of  the  spleen.      Also  a  spore  or  an 
isolated  cell.      In  pharmacy,  a    small   pill.      G.,  Ele- 
mentary, irregular  protoplasmic  bodies  in  the  blood, 
smaller  than  ordinary   blood-corpuscles.    G.,  Seminal, 
any  one  of  the  solid  particles  of   the  semen,  consisting 
of  round,  granular  corpuscles.      G.-cell,  any  one  of  a 
variety  of  round  cells  found  in  pathologically  softened 
brain-tissue,  and  densely  tilled  with  fat-globules.      G.- 
mass,  a  giant-cell. 
Granulia  [pran-u'-le-an)  [granula,  a  little  grain].    Em- 
pis'  name   for    an   acute   inflammatory   condition   dis- 
tinct from  tuberculosis,  but,  like  it,  characterized  bV  the 
development    of   granulations  within    organs    and    on 
serous  surfaces. 
Granulistics  (gran-u-lis'-tiks)  [granula,  a  little  grain]. 
That  branch  of  physics  employed  in  the  estimation  of 
the   volume  or  capacity  of  a  body  by  means  of  seed, 
shot,  sand,  granules,  etc. 
Granulitis  (gran-u-li'-tis)  [granula,  a  little  grain  ;  itk;, 

inflammation].  Acute  miliary  tuberculosis. 
Granuloma  (gran-u-lo'-mah)  [granulum,  a  small  grain  ; 
inn:,  a  tumor:  />/. ,  Granulomata~\.  A  term  used  by 
Yirchowto  includesuch  a  neoplasm  as  does  not  advance 
beyond  the  stage  of  granulation-tissue.  G.  fungoides  ; 
Mycosis  fungoides  ;  Fibroma  fungoides  ;  a  rare,  chronic 
inflammatory  disorder,  probably  of  specific  origin,  that 
affects  the  superficial  and  deep  lasers  of  the  skin,  and 
occasionally  the  mucous  membranes.  It  is  marked  by 
the  appearance  of  urticarial,  erythematous,  or  eczema- 
tous  patches,  of  irregular  shape  and  size,  with  well- 
defined  margins,  usually  upon  the  scalp  and  skin  of 
the    trunk.      Itching    is    intense,  and     frequently    the 


S     I  "M  A  i 


GRAY 


suits 

i  little 
nature 

G.  Inflammation. 


n],      n. 

■  mules ; 


id  liniment  of  ammonia. 
■  pulmonary  tuber 
quantitii 
I    not  i.i  than 


11 

laily,    beginning    with 

•  iould  ii"i  exceed 

influence  of  the  grapes  is 

:   the  gums  produced   by 

by  rinsing  the  mouth 

.1  little  bicarl  I   sodium 

G. -disease,  a  vulgar  synomyn  lor  tuber- 

ttle.       G. -sugar.  icose 

Grapes 

Graphite  vrite].     Plumbago,  or 

It 
it>  dilu- 
l  nof. 
Graphology 

dwriting  or  of  written 
iting  nerve- 

Graphoman:.:  writing; 

An  ii  to  write. 

.    I  i  write  ; 
I  with  graphomania. 
Grapho  riting;  a~aa- 

G.-oil. 
Q  --taggers,  indigestion   of 
G.-tree  Resin. 
Grat;:..;  A    fram 

d  by 
ol 
ly  fine  parallel 
n  in  the  rays  of 


■  ).     A  genus  of 
G.  aurea,  G.  carolinensis, 

G.  officinalis, 
.  and  is  a 

G.'s  Bundle,  optic 

It 

ice  ; 
lin. 

ranu 

G.-wax. 


Gravedo  (grav-e*  .■'  i[I..].   i.  Muscular  rheumatism  of 

the  head.    -.  ( '■ 

Gravel  i  |  M  I    .  travel,  gravel]     In  surgery,  a 

union  name  for  the  larger  calculi  or  urinarj  con 

tions.     Also,    difficult    or    painful    micturition.     G.- 

plant.    See  /'/;■■  I  butus.    G. -root,  Queen  of  the 

Meadow,  the  i « >*  »t  of  Eupatorium  purpureum,  or  of 

ma  canadensis.     See  Eupatorium  and  Collin- 

:ia. 
Graveolent  '     o-knt)   [gravis,    heavy;  olere,  to 

smell].      Having  a  strong,  unpleasant  odor;   fetid. 

Graves'    Disease.      See    Goiter,    Exophthalmic,    and 
Dis  'ase  ,   Table  of. 

Gravid   [grav/-id)    [  ,   to   load].      With    child, 

pregnant.     G.  Uterus,  the  womb  during  pregnancy 
i  ir  gestation. 

Gravida  (grav'-id-ah)  [gravidus,  pregnant].  A  preg- 
nant w.mian. 

Gravidin  [grav/-id-in)  [gravidus,  pregnant].  A  pecu 
liar  substance  occurring  in  white  transparent  globules 
on  the  surface  of  the  urine  voided  by  pregnant  women. 
G.-test,  a  worthless  sign  of  pregnancy.  After  the 
first  month  of  pregnancy  the  urine  of  the  gravid  woman, 
if  allowed  to  .stand  from  thirty  hours  to  eight  days, 
will  have  formed  upon  it  a  pellicle  with  a  cheesy  odor 
and  an  appearance  like  the  "  fatty  scum  of  cooled 
broth."  Kxamined  microscopically  and  chemically 
the  pellicle  shows  fungi,  triple  phosphates,  fat-globules, 
and  sometimes  a  peculiar  form  of  albumin.  It  may 
be  found  in  urine  from  men,  young  girls,  and  very  old 
women,  hence  is  of  no  value  as  a  test  of  pregnancy. 
The  test  is  also  called  the  Kyestetn  Test. 

Gravidism,  or  Gravidity  (grav'-id-izm,  or  grav-id/- 
it-e)  [gravidus,  pregnant].  Pregnancy,  or  the  total- 
ity of  symptoms  presented  by  a  pregnant  woman. 

Gravimeter  (grav-im'-et-er)  [gravis,  heavy ;  fiirpov, 
measure].  An  instrument  used  in  determining  spe- 
cific gravities;  especially  a  hydrometer,  aerometer,  or 
urinomi 

Gravity  (grav'-it-e)  [gravis,  heavy].  The  property 
ol  possessing  weight.  Also,  a  condition  of  serious  im- 
port. G.,  Specific,  the  measured  weight  of  a  sub- 
stance compared  with  that  of  an  equal  volume  of  an- 
other tal-.i  n  as  a  standard.  For  gaseous  fluids,  hydro- 
i  is  taken  as  the  standard  ;  for  liquids  and  solids, 
distilled  water  at  it*  maximum  density. 

Grawitz's  Theory.  A  theory  as  to  the  immunity  con- 
ferred by  inoculation.  The  cells  of  the  body  and  the 
bacteria  take  their  nutrition  from  the  same  places,  and 
it  is  a  true  tight  for  existence  between  them.  If  the 
cells  come  out  victorious,  they  become  habituated  to 
the  struggle  with  the  bacteria,  and  are  more  able  to 
resist  a  second  attack,  and  this  quality  is  transmitted 
to  the  succeeding  generations  of  body-cells  by  heredity. 
This  theory  is  purely  hypothetic. 

Gray  (gra)  [ME.,  gray,  gray],  i.  Of  a  color  between 
white  and  black  2.  I  laving  gray  hairs.  G.  Hepatiza- 
tion. See  Hepatization  and  Pneumonia.  G.  Indura- 
tion. See  Induration.  G.  Infiltration.  See  Infiltration. 
G.  Lanolin  Ointment.  See  G.  Oil.  G.  Matter, 
the  Brain.     G.  Oil,  Oleum  cinereum, 

emifluid,    fatty,    mercurial     liquid    introduced    into 
medicine  by  Lang,  ol  \  ienna.  in   1SS6.      It  is  used  in 
the  treatment  of  syphilis  by  injections.      It  is  prepared 
follows:      A    given    quantity  of   lanolin — i   or   i 
drari  rubbed    up   with    sufficient    chloroform   to 

emulsify  it.      This  mixture  is  to  be  thoroughly  triturat- 
during  which  operation  the  chloroform  will    evap 
orati  .      While    the    mixture    is    still    in    a  fluid  sta 
metallic  una.  ury  to  the  amount  of  double  the  quantity 
die    lanolin  is  to  be  added,   the  trituration  being 
inwhile  continued.     A-  a  result,  a  pomade  ofmer- 


GREASE 


r,:;:: 


GRO<  ERS'    I'K  II 


curv  is  left,  which  represents  two  parts  of  mercury  and 
one  pan  <>f  lanolin.  This  is  called  strong  gray  lanolin 
ointment.  From  this  salve-basis  a  50  pei  1  ent.  oleum 
cinereum,  ox  gray  oil,  may  be  obtained  by  mixing  three 
parts  with  one  part  of  olive-oil.  A  mild  gray 
lanolin  ointment  ma)  be  made  in  the  same  manner  a^ 
the  strong,  by  taking  equal  parts  oi  lanolin  and  m  1 
cury  and  thoroughly  mixing  them.  From  this  salve 
basis  a  30  per  cent,  gray  oil  may  be  made  In  mixing 
six  parts  with  four  parts  of  fresh  almond  oil  or  olive- 
oil.  G.  Powder,  hydrargyrum  cum  creta.  See  Hy- 
drargyrum. 

Grease  (grls)  [ME.,  grei  .  grease].  Soft  or  oily  ani- 
mal fat.  In  farriery,  a  swelling  and  inflammation  in 
a  horse's  leg,  with  excretion  of  oily  matter  and  the  for- 
mation of  cracks  in  the  skin.  G.-trap,  a  contrivance 
employed  to  prevent  clogging  of  waste  pipes,  a^  well 
as  to  save  the  grease,  which  has  considerable  commer- 
cial value. 

Great  (grat) [ME.,  gret, great].  Large.  G.  Laurel,  the 
leaves  of  Rhododendron  maximum,  an  expectorant, 
useful  in  obstinate  coughs.  Dose  of  the  fid.  ext.  n\,v— xv. 
Unof.  G.  Mortality.  Synonym  of  the  Plague.  G. 
Pox.  Synonym  of  Syphilis,  to  distinguish  it  from 
smallpox. 

Green  (grSn)  [ME.,  grene,  green].  1.  Verdant;  of  the 
color  of  grass.  2.  Unripe;  not  mature.  G.  Blindness. 
Achloropsia,  //.  v.  G.  Dragon,  the  corm  of 
Arum  dracontium,  an  expectorant  and  diaphoretic. 
Dose  of  the  fid.  ext.  mj-x.  Unof.  G.  Bice.  See  Bre- 
men Green.  G.-blue.  Same  as  Soluble-blue.  G. 
Cinnabar.  See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  G.  Gland, 
one  of  the  excretory  organs  (kidney)  of  a  decapod  crusta- 
cean formerly  supposed  (in  Astacus)  to  be  an  auditory 
organ.  The  secretions  contain  uric  acid  and  traces  ofthe 
base  guanin.  G. -heart.  See  Bebeeru.  G.-man.  See 
Aceras.  G.  Osier,  the  bark  of  Cornus  circinata. 
an  astringent,  tonic,  and  febrifuge.  Dose  of  the  fid. 
ext.  ti\,xx—  !jj.  Unof.  G., Paris, cupric arsenite.  G., 
Scheele's,  cupric  arsenite.  G.,  Schweinfurth's, 
a  compound  of  cupric  arsenite  and  cupric  arsenate. 
G. -sickness.  See  Chlorosis.  G.  Smalt.  Same  as 
Rinmann's  Green.  G. -stick  Fracture.  See  Frac- 
ture.    G.  Verditer.      See  Bremen  Green. 

Green's  Test-types.  A  slight  modification  of  Snellen' ' s 
Test-types,  </.  v. 

Greenhow's  Cholera -mixture.  A  mixture  containing 
guaiacum,  cloves,  cinnamon,  each  I  ounce  ;  brandy, 
2  pints. 

Greffotome  (gref '-o-to/n)  [Fr. ,  grefl~e,  graft;  ro/i6r, 
cutting].  A  knife  used  in  cutting  slips  for  surgical 
grafting. 

Gregarina  (greg-ar-e* '-nah)  [grex,  a  herd].  A  genus  of 
parasitic  protozoa,  of  extremely  simple  nature.  It  is 
not  certain  that  any  true  Gregarina  infest  the  human 
subject,  most  ofthe  supposed  protozoan  parasites  of  the 
human  species  being  now  referred  to  other  classes  or 
groups.     See  Parasites  {Animal), Table  of. 

Gregarinosis  (greg-ar-in-o' '-sis)  [grex,  a  herd  ;  vococ, 
disease].  A  morbid  condition  due  to  infestation  by 
Gregarina. 

Gregarious  (gre-gar -re-us)  [grex,  a  flock,  a  herd].  In 
biology,  clustered,  but  not  matted  together,  as  the 
fruit-spots  of  a  parasitic  fungus  ;   e.g.,  the  cluster-cups. 

Gregory's  Powder.  <  ompound  powder  of  rhubarb. 
G.'s  Salt,  crude  hydrochlorate  of  morphin  containing 
codein. 

Grenacher's  Alcoholic  Carmin.  See  Stains,  Table  of. 
G.'s  Alum-carmin.  See  Stains,  Table  0/.  G.'s  Pur- 
purin  Solution.  See  Stains,  Table  of.  G.'s  Solu- 
tion.    See  Stains,   Table  of'. 

Grenade  (gren-ad').      Synonym  of  Influenza. 


Grenet  Cell.     See  Cell. 

Gressorial    1  re-al)    [gressus,    p.p.  of  gradi,  to 

walk].      In  biology,  adapted  for   walking;  gradient. 

Griesinger's  Disease.     Cachexia aqu 

Griffe  I  ffrif)  [Sv.,gri/bs,  frizzled  hair].    1.  In  bio! 
the  offspring  1  >i  a  mulatto  and  a  degress,  or  of  a  inula t- 
In^s  and  a  negro.    See  Mulatto.    2.  See  Main  >, 

Griffin   Hand   (grif'-in  hand).     Same  as    Claw-hand. 

Griffith's  Mixture.      Se<    /  num.     G.'s  Pills. 

um.      G.'s  Snow-white.     Same  as  Zincolith. 

Grin  [ME.,  grinnen,  to  show  the  teeth].  To  smile,  at 
the  -ame  time  -bowing  the  (■ 

Grindelia  (grin-de* -le-ah)  [after  II.  Grindel,  a  German 
botanist].     The  leaves  and  flowering  top  of  G.  robus- 
ta,  Wild  Sunflower,  or  Gum  plant,  found  in  California, 
an  anstipasmodii  and  motor-depressant,  in  large  d 
produi  ing mydriasis.    It  is  valuable  in  asthma,  bron<  hi- 
ti>,  and  whooping-cough.      Dose  of  the  fid.  ext.  rt^x- 
5jj  ;  of  the  alcoholic  extract,  gr.  iij.      G.   squarrosa, 
ci  >mmon  ague-  weed,  an  herb  popular  in  the  wi 
S.  as  a  reined}  forague  and  malarial  dise  ises.      It  has 
proved  serviceable  in  chronic  rheumatism.    Dose  of  the 
fid.    ext.    TTLxv-xxx.      Unof.      G.    hirsutula  and    G. 
integrifolia  of  tin-  Pacific  States  have  similar  qualil 
These  plants  are  all  highly  resinous ;  their  tinctures 
infusions  arc-  said   to  cure  the  dermatitis  of  rhus  ; 
oning. 

Grindelin  (grin' -del-in).  An  alkaloid  reported  to  exist 
in  Grindelia  rob;. 

Grinder  (  grin'-der)  [M  E.,  gryndere,  a  miller].  1.  See 
Quizzer.     2.   A  molar  tooth. 

Grinders'  Asthma.  A  chronic  affection  of  the  lungs 
resulting  from  the  inspiration  of  metallic  or  siliceous 
dust,  accumulating  in  the  lungs,  and  producing  symp- 
toms similar  to  those  of  tuberculosis.  It  is  called  also 
G.'s  Rot  and  G.'s  Disease.  G.'s  Disease.  See 
G. 's  Asthma.  G.'s  Phthisis.  See  G.'s  Asthma. 
G.'s  Rot.      See  G.'s  Asthma. 

Grinning  (grin'-ing)  [ME.,  grinnen,  to  snarl].  Draw- 
ing back  the  lips,  so  as  to  show  the  teeth.  G. -mus- 
cle.    See  Muscles,  Table  of  . 

Grip  or  Grippe  (grip).      See  Influenza. 

Gripe  {grip)  [ME.,  gripe//,  to  seize].  1.  To  suffer 
griping  pains.  2.  A  spasmodic  pain  in  the  bowels  ; 
cramp-colic. 

Gripes  (grips)  [ME.,  gripe//,  to  seize].  Colic;  tor- 
mina. 

Grippal  {grip'-al)  [Fr. ,  gripper,  to  seize].  Pertaining 
to  influenza. 

Grippo-toxin  (grip-o-toksf -in)  [la  grippe,  an  epidemic 
form  of  influenza;   toxicum,  poison].      A  term  intro 
duced  by  Althaus  to  designate  the  toxin  of  influenza. 

Griseous  (gris'-e-us)  [griseus,  gray].  Gray  or  bluish- 
gray. 

Grisolle  Sign  (gre-zoT  s///).  A  sign  said  to  be  a  cer- 
tain means  of  diagnosis  of  smallpox.  If,  upon  stretch- 
ing an  affected  portion  ofthe  skin,  the  papule  becomes 
impalpable  to  the  touch,  the  eruption  is  caused  by 
measles;  if,  on  the  contrary,  the  papule  is  still  felt 
when  the  skin  is  drawn  out,  the  eruption  is  the  result 
of  smallpox. 

Gristle  ( gr/Y-l)  [ME.,  gristel,  cartiiage].  The  popu- 
lar name  for  cartilage. 

Gristly  (gri^-le)  [ME.,  gristel,  cartilage].  Cartilagin- 
ous ;  like  gristle. 

Groan  (gron)  [ME.,  gronen,  to  groan].  To  utter  a 
low,  moaning  sound,  as  when  in  pain.  The  sound  so 
uttered. 

Grocers'  Itch  (gro'-serzich).  Eczema  of  the  hands, 
due  to  irritation  from  flour,  sugar,  etc.  It  is  said  to  be 
due,  in  some  cases,  to  the  presence  of  sugar-mites 
upon  the  hands. 


(, I  At   IN 


Groin  i  ihe 

bel 
Groove 

Q     Aunculo-ventricular.      - 

lub- 

supe- 

ihe  internal 

G.,  Dental. 
G  rbital.  I  «  -it 

m  ii> 

.1  nt 

G.,  Lachryma  in  front 

i  the  inn 

G.,  Medullary,  .1  long 

rsal    line 

G..  Mylo-hyoid, 

if  the  inferior  maxil- 

1  in  the 

G  .  Nasal,  t!  e  in 

G.,  Occipital, 

■   the    temporal 

ipital  artery.     G.,  Optic,  the 

in  noid  bone 

le  in  thi  ramen.     G., 

rum  between 

G.,  Subcla- 

1   the  under  surface  of 

ittachment  of  the  subclavius  mus 

G.,  Spiral.     -  G.,  Verte- 

me  on  each  side 

Groping-test  In   ophthalmology,   a 

ition   in   paralysis   of    the   ocular 

:n  it  locate  objects  in 

nt  quickly  at  an 

r  will  be  carried  to  one  side  of 

I  r.].      The  well-marked  form 

Gn>  [F.,  gi    it.       G. 

without    reference   to 
tructure.      G.  Ap- 
pearand- arances. 
Grote's  Tc   t, 
Grough,  Grouph 

Oroun  '.  iund].     The  bot- 

G.  Ivy,  a  popular  name  tor  Gaul- 

G.  Laurel.  h„. 

G.-nut  Oil,    peanut  oil. 

the  seed  of 

[I   1 

fan  su 

G. -water. 

••1       A  bird  of  the 

G-berr  ,|.,r  name  for  Gaul- 

G. -disease  tat  attacks 

SCO- 

■ 

the 
Jd   by  some 

e  by 

r].       In- 
G--fc-  ith 

to  neural 


youth,  apparently  of  varied  origin  and  character. 
G. -point,  in  botany,  the  tissue  immediately  about  the 
apical  cell  ;  the  tip  of  the  stem  or  other  point  where 
cell-division  is  active  ;  the  Punctum  vegetationis. 
Growth  (grdlA)  [ME.,  growen,  to  growl.  1.  The 
augmentation  of  the  body  that  takes  place  between  in- 
fanc)  and  adult  age.  Also,  tin- increase  of  any  part  of 
the  body  by  addition  to  the  number  of  its  cellular  ele- 
ments, without  the  production  of  structural  abnormality 
or  differentiation  into  unlike  tissues.  2.  Any  tumor 
or  adventitious  structure. 

Grub    [M  I-!. ,  grubbi  11,    to  dig],      I.    A  dwarf.      2.    See 
G.-in-the-head.       See  CEstrusovis,  under 
rasites   (Animal),   Tabic  of.      G. -worms.       See 
( ',  >m 

Gruber's  Experiment.  An  experiment  for  detecting 
anomalies  ol  tension  in  the  ear  membrane.  A  mem 
Inane  already  excessively  tense  will  give  no  alteration 
during  Valsalva's  experiment  (0.  v.),  but  if  the  mem- 
brane  has  been  previously  unduly  relaxed.  Valsalva's 
experiment  will,  according  to  Gruber,  restore  its  ten- 
sion,  and  the  vibrating  fork  will  be  heard  better  by  air 
conduction,  and  worse  by  bone-conduction  than  be- 
fore or  alter.  G.*s  Gelatin  Bougies,  medicated  al- 
mond-shaped pieces  of  gelatin  for  insertion  into  the 
auditory  meatus.  G.'s  Method.  I.  A  method  of 
washing  out  the  tympana.  Syringe  the  fluid  into  one 
nostril  with  the  other  closed,  the  fluid  entering  the 
tympana  by  way  of  the  Eustachian  tubes.  2.  A 
method  of  inflating  the  middle  ear.  The  patient  is 
required  to  phonate  at  the  moment  the  inflation  bag  is 
compressed.  A  short  word,  ending  in  a  guttural  con- 
sonant, is  advised,  as  "  hie"  or  "hook." 

Gruel  (gru'-el)  [dim.  of  grutum,  meal].  A  decoction 
ol  corn -meal  or  oat-meal  boiled  in  water  to  a  thick 
paste. 

Gruff  (gruf)  [D. ,  grof,  coarse].  Any  crude  drug; 
also  the  coarse  part  of  a  drug  that  will  not  pass  through 
a  sieve  ;  the  term  is  used  also  adjectively,  as  gruff 
sulphur  or  saltpeter. 

Grume  (groom)  \_grumus,  a  little  heap].  A  clot,  as  of 
blood;   a  thick  and  viscid  fluid. 

Grumose  (gru'-mbs)  [grumus,  a  little  heap].  Same  as 
Grumous. 

Grumous  (gru/-mus)  \_grumus,  a  little  heap].  Knotted, 
dotty,  or  in  granular  masses.  Formed  of  coarse, 
clustered  grains. 

Grutum  (gru'-tum)  [grutum,  grit].  A  small,  hard 
tubercle  of  the  skin,  usually  seen  on  the  face,  and  due 
to  retention  of  sebaceous  matter.  It  is  also  called 
Miliary  Tudercli   and    Pearly   Tubercle.      See  Milium. 

Gruyere  Cheese  [gru-yar^).     See  Cheese. 

Gryposis  (gri-po/-sis)  [ypvnuaiq,  curvature].  Curvature. 
See  Arthrogryposis  and  Onychogrypo 

Gscheidlen's  Method.  A  method  of  preparing  hemo- 
globin crystals.  Take  defibrinated  blood  that  has 
been  exposed  for  24  hours  to  the  air,  and  keep  it  in  a 
closed  tube  ol  narrow  caliber  for  several  days  at  370 
1  When  the  blood  is  spread  on  glass  the  crystals 
form  rapidly. 

Gtt.     Abbreviation  of  gulta,  or gutta,  drop,  or  drops. 

Guachamaca  (gwaw-shaw-mawf-kah\  [S.  America]. 
The  bark  of  an  apocynaceous  tree.  G.  toxifera, 
or  Malouetia  nitida,  of  S.  America,  furnishes  a 
virulent  arrow-poison,  somewhat  resembling  curare; 
it  has  been  employed  in  tetanus  and  hydrophobia, 
of. 

Guachata.  or  Guachacata  (gwaw-chaw,-tah,ox  %waw- 
chaw-kat'-aK)  [Mex.].  The  flowers  of  a  Mexican 
plant,  containing  several  bitter  tonic  principles.    Unof. 

Guacin  \_guaco\      A    hitter    resin    from 

guaco;   it  is  diaphoretic,  stimulant,  and  emetic.   Unof. 


GUACO 


5.35 


(.1    MM  A 


Guaco (givaw'-kd)  [S.  Amer.].    Theleavesof  MUtania 
guaco,  much  used  in  S.  America  for  snake-bites,      h  is 
thought  to  be  of  value  in  chronic  rheumatism.      Dose 
of  the  rid.  ext.  3  ss-j.    Unof.     Various  species  of  Mika 
nia  and  Aristolochia  are  locally  known  by  tin.-,  name. 

Guaiac  (gwi'-ak)  [S.  Amer].  Sec  Guaiacum.  G- 
mixture,  Fenner's.  The  Tinctura  antacrida  [N. 
F.],  a  tincture  of  the  resin  of  guaiacum  and  <  anada 
turpentine,  in  which  each  lluidram  contains  '  -,  of 
a  grain  of  the  corrosive  chlorid  of  mercury.  G.- 
test.     Sec  Tests,  Table  of. 

Guaiacol  [gwi'-ak-ol)  [S.  Amer.],  C7H802.  A  sub- 
stance that  occurs  in  wood  tar,  and  is  also  produced  on 
heating  pyrocatechin  with  potassium  hydroxid  and  po- 
tassium methyl-sulphate  to  i8o°  C.  It  is  a  colorless 
liquid  that  boils  at  2000  ('.,  and  has  a  specific  gravity 
of  1. 117.  It  is  readily  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  and 
acetic  acid,  and  is  recommended  instead  of  creasote  in 
pulmonary  tuberculous  Dcse  m  j-ij,  or  gr. 
SciolIa(l893  (found  that  topical  a]  plications  of  guaiacol 
reduced  bodily  temperature,  and  J.  Solis-Cohen  and 
1  >a  Costa  (I  '()')  have  applied  the  method  successfully 
in  cases  of  high  temperature  in  ty]  hoid  feverand  other 
febrile  diseases.  The  dose  is  about  30  drops  slowly 
rubbed  on  the  skin  of  the  abdomen  or  thigh.      Unof. 

Guaiacum  {gwi'-ak-utn)  [Guaicauans,  a  tribe  of  S.  A. 
Indians].  Lignum  vitae.  The  heart  of  the  tree,  and  also 
the  oleoresin,  of  G.  officinale  and  G.  sanctum,  a 
prompt  diaphoretic, expectorant,  and  alterative,  efficient 
in  tonsillitis,  neuralgic  dysmenorrhea,  amenorrhea,  and 
rheumatism,  and  formerly  much  used  as  an  antisyphili- 
tic.  Dose  gr.  x-xxx.  G.,  Mist.  (B.  P.)  Dose  ifj-iss. 
G,  Resina,  the  resin  of  the  wood  of  G.  officinale.  G., 
Tinct.,  strength  20  percent.  Dose  rr^v-^j  in  mucil- 
age. G.,  Tinct.,  Ammoniat.,  contains  guaiac  20,  and 
aromatic  spirit  of  ammonia  80  parts.      Dose  n\v—  3  ss- 

Guanin  (gwaaZ-ntn)  [Sp. ,  guano,  dung] ,  C5H5N50. 
A  leukomalne  discovered  by  Unger  in  1844,  as  a  con- 
stituent of  guano.  Since  then  it  has  been  found  in 
small  quantities  in  the  pancreas,  liver,  and  muscle  ex- 
tract, and  has  been  shown  to  be  one  of  the  decomposi- 
tion products  of  nuclein  in  both  animal  and  vegetable 
organisms.  In  the  case  of  the  lower  animals  it  is  evi- 
dently the  end-product  of  katabolic  change.  It  is  a 
white,  amorphous  powder,  insoluble  in  water,  alcohol, 
ether,  and  ammonia.  Guanin  and  kreatin  appear  to 
mutually  replace  each  other — both  being  substituted 
guanidins.  Guanin  is  an  intermediate  product  in  the 
formation  of  urea.  It  is  non-poisonous  and  a  muscle- 
stimulant.      See  Capranica's  Tests. 

Guano  [gwaw'-no)  [Peruv.,  huanu,  dung].  The  ex- 
crement of  sea-fowl  found  on  certain  islands  in  the 
rainless  regions  of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  consists  es- 
sentially of  alkaline  urates  and  phosphates.  It  is  used 
externally  in  certain  skin-diseases.      Unof. 

Guarana  igwaw-rah' '-nah\  [the  name  of  a  tribe  of  S.  A. 
Indians].  A  dried  paste  prepared  from  the  seeds  of 
Paullinia  cupana,  found  in  Brazil.  It  contains  an  alka- 
loid, guaranin,  C8H10N4<  >._,.  II.,<  >,  identical  with  caffein. 
It  is  employed  chiefly  in  nervous  sick-headaches.  The 
commercial  preparations  are  not  always  trustworthy. 
Dose  of  the  lid.  ext.,  n^v-xxx  ;  of  guaranin  gr.  j-iij  ;  of 
the  solid  ext.  gr.  iij-x  ;  of  the  tincture  (1  in  4)  ^ss-j. 

Guard  (gara)  [garder,  to  keep].  An  appliance  on 
a  knife  to  prevent  too  deep  incision.  G.-cell,  in 
biology,  one  of  the  two  semilunar  epidermal  cells, 
inclosing  the  opening  of  a  stoma  in  plants. 

Guardian-cells  {gar* -de-an-seh  \.      Same  as  Guard-cell. 

Guarinari's  Agar-gelatin.  A  culture-medium  com- 
posed of  agar  agar  3-4  gms.,  -odium  chlorid  5  gms. , 
peptone  25-30  grms. ,  gelatin  40-60  gms.,  water  50 
c.c. ,  meat-infusion  950  c.c. 


Guaycuru  {guri-ku-ru')  [Sp.].  The  S.  American  name 
ol   various  plants,  asStatica  bra  ill  n  i    and  S.  antarc- 

ti<a.      The  root  is  a  very  powerful  astringent.      Unof. 

Gubernaculum  testis  [gu-ber-nak' -u-lum  tes/-tis) 
[I..].  The  conical -shaped  cord  attached  above  the 
lower  em  1  of  the  epididymis  and  governing  the  descent 
of  the  testes  in  fetal  growth. 

Gubler's  Tumor.  A  prominence  over  the  carpus  of 
the  dorsum  of  the  hand  inchronii  wrist  drop  from  lead- 
poisoning.     See  Signs  and  Symptoms ,  'J  a  hie  of. 

Gudden's  Atrophy  Method.  A  method  of  demon- 
strating the  connection  of  a  nerve  trunk  with  a  center. 

It  a  porti >i  a  m  rve  trunk  i-  destroyed  in  a  young, 

growing  animal,  the  peripheral  libers  will  undergo 
Wallerian  degeneration,  while  the  proximal  cells  and 
libers  connected  with  the  destroyed  portion  will  atro- 
phy and  disappear.  G.'s  Commissure,  a  mass  of  fibers 
forming    tin     uppi  1  part    of  the  optic  tracts. 

1  hey  (  annot  be  demonstrated  in  man  except  in  cases 
of  complete  degeneration  of  the  optic  libers  proper. 
G.'s  Ganglion,  the  cephalo-dorsal  ganglion  of  the 
mamillary  body  of  the  brain.  G.'s  Law.  See 
Law. 

Guerin's  Glands.  See  Gland.  G.'s  Method.  See 
Treatment ,  Method, 

Guernsey  Blue.     See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Guettard,  Glands  of.     See  Gland. 

Guidi,  Canal  of.     See  ( 'anal. 

Guignet's  Green.     Same  as  Chrome-green. 

Guillotine  (git'-o-tin)  [after  Dr.  J.  I.  Guillotin~\.  A 
surgical  instrument  for  excision  of  the  tonsils  or  growths 
in  the  larynx,  etc. 

Guimet  Blue.     Same  as  French  Blue. 

Guinea  {gin'-e)  [African].  The  name  of  a  district  on 
the  west  coast  of  Africa.  G.  Fever,  a  form  of  inter- 
mittent fever.  G. -green.  See  Pigments,  Conspectus 
of.  G.  Pepper.  See  Grains  of  Paradise.  G. -pig,  an 
animal  of  the  genus  Cavia,  used  in  bacteriologic  in- 
vestigation. G.-worm,  the  Filaria  medinensis,  a 
nematode  worm  of  tropical  countries,  that  in  the 
human  tissues  in  which  it  burrows  may,  unless  re- 
moved, develop  to  a  length  of  several  feet,  produc- 
ing inflammatory  ulceration.  See  Thread-worm.  G.- 
worm    Disease.     See   Dracontiasis. 

Gula  (gu'-laK)  [L.:  pi.,  Gula\.  The  gullet;  the  neck 
and  throat,  or  the  pharynx  and  esophagus.  In  biology: 
I.  An  exoskeletal  piece  on  the  under  side  of  the  head 
of  certain  insects,  behind  thementum  and  between  the 
genae.  2.  The  upper  portion  of  the  front  of  the  neck 
of  a  bird. 

Gulancha  {goo-Ian' '-hah)  [F..  Ind.].  The  plant, 
Tinospora  cordifolia,  of  India.  Its  stems  and  roots 
are  diuretic,  tonic,  and  antiperiodic.      Unof. 

Gular  (gu'-lar)  [gula,  the  gullet].  Pertaining  to  the 
throat,  pharynx,  or  gula. 

Gulinula  {gu-lin' '-u-lah)  [gula.  throat].  In  biology, 
applied  by  Hyatt  to  that  stage  in  the  development  of 
an  actinozoan  in  which  the  actinostome  or  gullet  is 
formed;   it  follows  the  hydroplanula  stage. 

Gullet  {gul'-et).     See 

Gum  [MTL.,gumme,  gum].  A  name  loosely  applied  to 
the  concreted  juice-,  of  plants.  Chemically,  a  substance 
yielding  mucic acid  when  treated  with  nitric  acid.  S 
also,  Gums,  and  the  names  of  the  various  gums.  G. 
Arabic.  See  Acacia.  G.  Benjamin.  See  Ben 
G.-boil,  abscess  of  the  gum.  G.  Dammar.  See 
Dammar.  G. -plant.  See  Grindelia.  G. -resins. 
See  A'esins.  G.  Tragacanth.  See  Tragacanth. 
G.-wood  Tents.      See   Tupelo. 

Gumma  (gum'-ah)  [Fr. ,  gomme:  //. ,  Gummata~\. 
A  soft,  elastic  tumor  resulting  from  a  peculiar  kind  of 
caseation  of  tertiary  syphilitic  inflammatory  deposits. 


MMAT< 


GYMNI  >!»<  >\  I 


Gummatous 
the 

Gun. 

.Ml. 
I  IOUS, 

■  1   in  pla 

I 

hire 

axis 

-  outwardly  from 

. 

•   i  gas 

rd  in  breathing, 

on  tain  fluid, 

the  abdomen   in 

-  in  which  the  bowel 

1  liquid. 

:..!,].       I'.iil  aiuian 

i  ibtained  from 

I  i  South- 

ba  but  more  decided 

i        It   is  an 

ul  in  true  leprosy.      Hose 

cnbauer's  Suture.     Sic  Sutu 

.    •  •    i  iste].      The 
ng.      G..  Chromatic,  the 

I  by  the 

■'T. 

j.      Per- 

I  iste  and  its  organs. 

G  iud       G.    Cell,    a    spindle-cell 

•      •   bud.     G.  Nerve. 

tnmon  name  f<  ir  intes- 
G.  Suture.  G.-tie,  volvulus 

A   drop.      Also, 
tieth  part  of  a  fl 
G  Black-drop,    a    dilute  at 

d  with   sugar  and 

G.  rosacea.     See  Acne.     G.  rosea. 

G.   serena,  a   synonym 

G.-pcrcha,  ibtained  from 

-   I  >i 

.  varying 

reddish   or    brownish, 

r;  it  has 

■ 

l  be  kneaded  or 

d    in   insulating 

Of    tlll| 

tlphid.     G.-p.,  Liq., 
oform  with 

d  as  a  I 
I  eruptii 

I  otted 

A    phai 

Is    of    a 

•/  ,  Gut- 


Guttulate   {guf-u-liti)  [guttula,  a  small  drop].      In  bi- 

resembling  small  drops  oi  oil  or  resin. 
Guttur  [guttur,    the     throat].       The     throat 

with  reference  to  the  tra<  bea.     G.  tumidum.     Sj  no 

n\in   ol 
Guttural    {guf '-u-ral)     [gutturalis,    pertaining   to  the 

throat  J.      Pertaining  to  the  throat.     G.  Pouch,  in  the 

horse  one  of  the  large  ail  sacs,  diverticula  from  the 
istachian  tubes  ami  lying   behind  the  upper  part  of 

the  pharynx. 
Gutturomycosis  [gut-u-ro  mi-k</-sis)  [guttur,  throat ; 
.  fungus].     An  ulcerative  affection  of  the  guttural 

pou<  hes  of  horses  and  mules,  produi  ed  bj  the  parasitic 

fungus,  Gutturomyces  equi. 
Gutturo-palatine    {gut' -u-ro-pal' -at-iri)     [guttur,    the 

throat;    palatum,  the  palate].     Relating  to  the  pha- 

r\  n\  and  the  [..date. 
Gutturo-tetany  (gul/-u-ro-tel/-an-e)     [guttur,  throat  ; 

tetanus,  tetanus].     A  form  ol  stuttering  in  which  the 
:  m  i 'i  such  sounds  as  g,  k,  </,  is  difficult. 
Guyon's  Sign.     See  Signs  and  Symptoms,   Table  of. 
Gymnanthous  (jim-nan'-taus)  [yvfivbg,  naked;  it 

flower].      In    biology,    applied  to  flowers  wanting  in 

fli  >l  al   eli\  eli  ips. 

Gymnasium  (jim-na'-ze-um)  [yvfivoq,  naked].  A 
place  designed  and  fitted  with  appliances  for  the 
systematic  exercise  of  the  muscles  and  other  organs  of 
the  body.      Also,  in  Germany,  a  high-school. 

Gymnastic  (  jim-nas'-tik)  [yvfivbg,  naked].  Pertaining 
to  bodily  exercise,  or  to  the  science  of  preserving 
health  by  bodily  exercise. 

Gymnastics  {Jim-nas' '-tiks)  [yv/iv6g,  naked].  ["he 
science  of  preserving  (and  of  restoring)  health  by 
bodily  exercise.  G.,  Medical,  any  physical  exercise 
designed  to  restore  or  promote  health.  G.,  Ocular, 
regular  muscular  exercise  of  the  eye  to  overcome 
muscular  insufficiency.  G.,  Swedish,  a  system  of 
exercises  to  restore  strength  to  paretic  muscles,  and 
found  useful  in  a  great  variety  of  abnormal  chronic 
conditions. 

Gymnaxony  ( jim-naks' '-on-e)  [yvf£i>6g,  naked;  ai-wv, 
axis].  In  biology,  a  monstrous  flower  in  which  the 
placenta,  with  its  ovules,  protrudes  from  the  ovary. 

Gymnoblastic      {jim-no-blas'-tik)      [yvfiv6g,      naked; 
QXaardg,  germ].     In  biology;  applied  to  those  hydroid 
polyps   in  which  the  zooids  are  not  inclosed  in  horny 
ptacles. 

Gymnobranchiate  ( fim-no-brangf-ke-df\    [yvfivbg,   na- 
il,  gills].       In  biology  applied  to  those 
niollu^cs  that  have  naked  gills;    nudibranchiate. 

Gymnocarpous     (jim-no-ftar'-pus)     [yvfivbg,     naked; 
-"' ,    fruit].      In  biology,  having  the   fruit   naked  ; 
applied   to   lichens    and    fungi  in  which  the   apothecia 
and  hymenia  are  naked  or  exposed. 

Gymnocaulus      [jim-no-kaw'-lus)      [yvfivdg,     naked; 
.  stalk].      In   biology,  the  immature  contractile 
eon!  or  stalk  of  a  polypid. 

Gymnoceratous  (jitn-no-ser'-at-us)  [yv/ivdg,  naked; 
id/iag,  horn].  In  biology,  applied  to  certain  insects 
with  prominenl  antennae. 

Gymnocidium  (fim-no  nd'-e-um)  \yvfiv6g,  naked: 
/>/.,  Gymnocidia\  In  biology,  the  swelling  at  the 
base  o|   the  -nore-case  in  certain  mossi 

Gymnocladus  (jim-no&'-lad-us).     See  Chicot, 

Gymnocytaj  jim-no-sif -tafi)[^  nuin  ,  naked  ;  k\  t",  ,a  hoi 
low],    [n  biology,  a  naked-celled,  unicellular  organism. 

Gymnocytode  (  fim-no -si'-tod  )  [yvftvdg,  naked  ;  Kvrog,  a 
hollow].  In  biology,  a  naked,  non-nucleated,  unicellu- 
lar organism,  as  a  gregarine  while  in  the  mi  merad  stage. 

Gymnodont    (j'im'-no-dont)     [yvfivdg,    naked;    6i 

th].      In  biology,  having  naked  teeth;  applied  to 
certain  fishes,  as  the  parrot  fish,  the  globe-fish,  etc. 


GYMNOG]  \ 


537 


GYRUS 


Gymnogen   {jim'-no-jen)  [yvfiv6g,  naked ;   yevfyg,  pro 
ducing].     Same  as  Gymnosperm. 

Gymnogenous  (  //w-«iv'-iv;-«,>)  [,'<<'"'.  naked; 

producing].     In    biology,   applied    to    birds  thai 

naked  when  batched. 
Gymnogynous  i  jim-noj' -in-us)  [,  Vfivdi  .  naked  ; 

female].     En  biology,  applied   to  such  plants  as  h 

the  ovary  uncovered. 
Gymnomyxine     {jim-no-miks' -in)     [yv/ivog,     naked; 

///c",  slime].      In  biology,  applied   to  the  lower  pro 

tii/i  ia. 
Gymnorhinal    {jim-nor-if -nal)    [yvfiv6g,   naked;     'pig, 

nose].     In   biology,  applied  to  birds  having  the  nos- 
trils naked  or  unfeathered. 
Gymnosomatous  [Jim-no- sof -mat-its)  [;  v/iv6g,  naked  ; 
'/,  body].      In  biology,  applied  to  certain mollusi  s 

that  produce  no  shell;  specifically,  naked  pteropods. 
Gymnosperm  (  jim' '-no-sperm)  [;  nimr,  naked  ;  airi 

seed].      In   biology,  a  plant  characterized   by   having 

naked    seeds  (not  inclosed,   in   a   pericarp),    as  in   the 

coniferse. 
Gymnospore   ( jimf -no-spor)   [yvuvug,   naked ;  andpog, 

a  seed].      In   biology,  a  naked  spore. 
Gymnostomous     (  jim-nos' -to-mus)     [} vpvdg,    naked  ; 

nzinui,  mouth].      In   biology,  applied    to   such  mosses 

as   have   the  mouth  of  the   sporangium  destitute  of  a 

peristome. 
Gynae-  (jin'-e).     See  Gyne-. 
Gynaecology  (  jin-e-kol'-o-je).     See  Gynecology. 
Gynaecomastia    {jin-e-ko-mas'-te-ah).       See     Gyneco- 
mastia . 
Gynander   {jin-an* '-der)    [ywf/,  woman;  avr/p,  man]. 

A  man  of  effeminate  or  woman-like  qualities. 
Gynandria    {jin-anf-dre-ak)     [yvv//,    woman ;     avrjp, 

man].     The  same  as  Hermaphroditism. 
Gynandrism,  or  Gynandromorphism  {jin-an' -drizm 

or  iin-an' -dro-mor* -fizm)  [}i'i>,,  woman;   avf/p,  man; 
V,  form].      Hermaphroditism. 
Gynandromorphism      {jin-an-dro-morf'-izm)     [ywr/, 

female;   avfjp,  male;   popoi/,  form].      In  biology,  ap- 

plied    to    such    insect-monstrosities  as   combine    both 

male  and  female  characters. 
Gynandrophore  {jin-an' '-dro-for)  [ywf},  female  ;  < 

male;   ipipecv,   to  bear].      In    biology,  a   stalk    raising 

the  stamens   and   pistils  above   the    insertion    of   the 

corolla. 
Gynandrosporous  {jin-an-dros' -por-us)  [;.  wi/,  female  ; 

('iri/n,  male;  aredpog,  a  seed].     In  biology,  applied  to 

certain  algae  that  bear  both  male  and  female  reproduc- 
tive organs   (oogonia    and    androspores)  on   the  same 

plant. 
Gynandrous     ( jin-an' '-drus)    [y!n>avdpog,    of    doubtful 

sex].      In  biology,  having  the  stamens  and  pistils  more 

or  less  intimately  united. 
Gynantherous  (  jin-an' ' -ther-us)  [ywr/,  female  ;  avdqpog, 

flowering].      In  biology,  applied  to   flowers   in  which 

the  stamens  have  been  converted  into  pistils. 
Gynatresia    {jin-at-re/ -ze-ah)   [yrrvq,  woman;  arpr/aia, 

atresia].      Vaginal  atresia. 
Gynecatoptron     {jin-ek-at-op/-tron)     [ywi),     woman; 

KaToJTTpov,  mirror].      A  vaginal  speculum. 
Gynecian  {jin-e' '-se-an)  [ywfy,  a  woman].     Pertaining 

to  women. 
Gynecic     ( jin-e'-sik)    [ywi/,    woman].        Relating    to 

women. 
Gynecium  {jin-e' -se-um)  [ywf],  female ;   oinog,  house]. 

In  biology,  the  name  applied  to  the  pistils  of  a  (lower 

taken  as  a  whole. 
Gynecologic      {jin-e-ko-loj'-ik)      [ywf],     a      woman; 

/";«f,  science].      Relating  to  gynecology. 
Gynecologist  {jin-e-koV -o-jisf)  [;  it;/,  a  woman;   Adyog, 

science].      One  who  practises  in  gynecology. 


Gynecology    {jin-e-koV -o         [         ,  a  woman;    > 

m  e],      I  be  si  ienceand  therapeutics  of  the  diseases 
of  women. 

Gynecomania  (jin-e-ko-ma'-ne-ah)  [,'",,  woman ; 
urn  in,  madness  j.     Satyriasis. 

Gynecomastia  {Jin-e-ko-mas' -te-ak)  [ywf],  woman; 
uaa  i  i  j.      I.  Th  ive  development  of  the 

breast  of  a  man,  cither  with  or  without  atrophy  of  the 
testicles.      2.    The  secretion  of  milk  by  the  male. 

Gynecomasty!  jin* -e-ko-mas-te).      See  Gynecomastia. 

Gynecomazia  {jin-e-ko-ma' -ze-ah)  [ywf],  woman; 
fiar6g,  breast].     Same  as  Gynecomastia. 

Gynecopathy  i  Jin-e-koj/  ath-e)  [ywf],  woman;  rraOog, 
disease].  Any  disease  of,  or  peculiar  to,  women  ;  the 
study  of  diseases  of  women. 

Gynecophore    (  jin' -e-ko-for)    [ywr/,    female  ; 

to  bear].  In  biology,  the  canal  or  receptacle  in  certain 
male  worm.-,,  in  which  the  female  i.-,  retained,  as  in  Bil- 
harzia. 

Gynephobia    {jin-e-fo* -be-ah)    \ywii,    woman;    $6 
fear].      Morbid  aversion  to  the  society  of  women. 

Gyniatrics     {jin-e-a'-triks)     \  woman;     la-pcia, 

therapy].     Gynecology,  <>v  gynecologic  therapeutics. 

Gynobase  {jin'-o-bas)  [ywf],  a  female ;  (3aoig,  base]. 
In  biology,  an  elevated  portion  of  the  receptacle  of  a 
flower,  bearing  the  ovary. 

Gynocardia  {jin-o-kar'  -de-ah).     See  Chaulmoogra. 

Gynodiecious    [jin-o-di-e'-se-ns)     [ywf],    female; 
two;    olnog,    house].      In    biology,    having    pistillate 
flowers  on  one  set  of  plants  and  perfect  flowers  on  an- 
other set. 

Gynomonecious  {jin-o-mo-n  '  u  [  ,,  female; 
p.6vog,  single;  diKog,  house].  In  biology,  having  both 
pistillate  and  perfect  flowers  upon  the  same  plant. 

Gynophore  (  jin' -0- for)  [ywi],  female;  cpepdv,  to  bear]. 
In  biology:  (a)  The  stalk  of  a  pistil  raising  it  above 
the  receptacle  ;  (b)  The  branch  of  a  hydroid  gono- 
blastidium  that  bears  only  generative  buds  containing 
ova. 

Gynoplastic  (  jin-o-plas1 '-tik)  [ywf],  woman;  -/anr/noc, 
suitable  for  moulding].  Pertaining  to  the  closing  of 
unnatural  openings,  or  to  the  dilatation  of  contracted, 
narrow  openings  in  the  female  organs  of  generation. 

Gynostegium    (  jin-o-ste'-je-uni)    [yvvrj,  female  ;   err 
a  roof].      In   biology,  the  sheath  or   covering  of  the 
gvnecium,  or  female   portion  of  a  flower  taken  as  a 
whole. 

Gypsum  {jiff-sum)  [yvtyog,  lime].  Native  calcium  sul- 
phate.    See  Calcium. 

Gyral  {ji'-ral)  [gyrare,  to  turn  or  whirl].  Pertaining 
to  a  gyrus  or  to  gyri. 

Gyration  {ji-ra'-shun)  [gyrare,  to  turn  or  whirl].  A 
turning  in  a  circle  ;   also,  giddiness. 

Gyre  (/'//')  [gyrus,  a  circle].  A  convolution,  and  a 
more  commendable  word  than  the  polysyllable. 

Gyrophora(//-;'<^y-c;'-tf/.  m.  to  bear]. 

A  genus  of  lichens,  some  species  of  which  afford  the 
tripe  de  rocke,  a  rock-tripe  of  Northern  Canada. 
Though  tough,  acrid,  and  unpalatable,  these  lichens 
are  sometimes  eaten  when  other  food  is  not  to  be  had. 

Gyropsoriasis  (  ji-ro-sor-i' '-as-is)  [  «ic,  round; 
ipupiacig,  a  skin-disease].  Psoriasis  occurring  in  cir- 
cular patches. 

Gyrosa  {ji-rof-sah)  [yvpog,  a  circle].  A  variety  of 
gastric  vertigo  in  which,  when  the  patient  is  standing, 
everything  turns  around  him,  and  he  must  close  his 
eyes  to  avoid  falling. 

Gyrospasm  {jif -ro-spazm)  [yvpog,  circle;  a-aau6g, 
spasm].  A  peculiar  rotary  spasm  of  the  head,  and 
sometimes  a  nodding  spasm. 

Gyrus  {ji'-rus)  [gyrus,  ;  vpog,  a  circle  :  pi.,  Gyri].  A 
convolution  of  the  brain.      See  Convolution. 


11 


11A1  F 


H 


H 


In 


rlcm  Blue. 

1      \  peduncle 

margin 

...  with  .1  dorsal 

ipracom 

A 

nd. 

[ha- 

He  A  ribbon- 

nucleus  of  the 
terior 
H.    conarii.  ■•'■      H. 

I     tecta    (or   arcuata), 
lions  of   the   basilar 
.■  pecti- 

rein].     Pertain- 

1  i  .l  i.  Thai  i  ondition  or 

I  that  may  lie  ac- 
j  to  repeat  an  action  or  condi- 
gem  til  aspect  of  a  plant  or 
an  wtli.      H. -chorea. 

H.,  Full,  of  a  plethoric  constitution.    H.- 

asm  ;    /'.'  Tie  ,•    Gilles  de  la 

\  haracterized 

lie    movements,  or   such 

I  with  explosive  utterances  and 

Habit-spasm 

rls.and  is  marked  mainly 

I   muscles  or  of  the 

Tourette's  Diu-ase 

urring  usually  in 

It   i-  marked   by 

.  usually  affecting  the 

plosive  utterances 

inarticulate  cry.     A 

and  repeated 

ly  with   the   involuntary 

V  /  has  been  ap- 


H 


H. 


II 


H 


bad    language,    is 

are  mim- 

1  h(  -•■  ni.i'.  iated  with 

oming  the 

dwell].     The  natural 
animal  or  pis 

ling].    A 

itural 

!      A  ii 

fill  ; 
eable 


hop- 
usually 

■•  ilh 

H  ■ 

'. 

A 
It 


i-  said  (hat  the  oil  of  the  liver  of  the  haddock  is  some- 
time- mixed  with  coil  liver-oil  ;  but  such  admixture  is 
probabl)  ran-,  a-  it  greatly  impairs  the  market 
value  of  the  oil.     I  nof. 

Haeckel's  Law.     See  /.inc. 

Haema-  (hemf-ah-)  [alfia,  blood].  A  prefix  signifying 
-..nu-  relationship  with  the  blood.  For  words  (unless 
unanglicized)  thus  beginning,  see  Hetna-, 

Haemal   (Aem'-af).      Nee  Hemal, 

Haemanthin  (hem-an'-thin).     See  Hemanthin. 

Haematoxylin  {hem-at-oks/-il-in).     See  Hematoxylon. 

Haemin  [hem'-in).     See  Hemin. 

Haemo-  {hem'-o  I.  lor  words  thus  beginning  see 
He  mo-. 

Haemorrhage  [hem'-or-dj).     See  Hemorrhage. 

Haeser  and  Neubauer's  Formula.  A  formula  for 
estimating  from  the  specific  gravity  the  total  amount 
of  solids  in  the  urine;  it  is  sufficiently  accurate  for 
clinical  purposes.  The  estimation  is  made  by  multiply- 
ing the  last  two  figure-  of  the  specific  gravity  by  the 
factor  2.33,  the  product  of  which  represents  the  num- 
ber of  grams  of  solids  in  1000  c.c.  of  the  urine  ;  this 
must  be  multiplied  by  the  number  of  c.c.  of  the  urine 
under  examination  and  divided  by  1000  in  order  to 
obtain   the  correct  amount  of  solids. 

Hagenia  [haj-e/-ne-ah).     See  Ku 

Hager's  Reagent.  A  reagent  for  the  detection  of 
sugar  in  the  urine.  It  consists  of  the  ferrocyanid 
of  iron  and   caustic  potassa. 

Hahnemannism  (hahn' '-e-man-izm).  See  Home- 
opathy. 

Haidinger's  Brushes.  A  visual  phenomenon  seen 
upon  directing  the  eye  toward  a  source  of  polarized 
light,  due  to  the  doubly-refractive  character  of  the 
elements  of  the  macula. 

Hair  [liar)  [ME.,  here,  hair].  The  hirsute  appendage 
of  the  skin.  Each  hair  consists  of  a  bulb  and  a  shaft. 
The  former  is  situated  in  the  true  skin,  but  is  enveloped 
in  a  sheath  of  epidermis.  H. -blanching.  See  Can- 
ities. H.-bulb,  a  whitish,  soft,  bulbous  enlargement 
at  the  proximal  extremity  of  the  root  of  the  hair.  H.- 
cap  Moss,  Robin's  Rye ;  the  leaves  and  stems  of 
/'  'ytrickum  juniperum,  a  powerful  diuretic.  Dose  of 
the  decoction  ail  lib.  :  of  the  fid.  ext.  .^j-ij-  Unof. 
H.-despoiler,  an  individual  who  is  afflicted  with  a 
form  of  sexual  perversion,  in  which  the  feelings  are 
aroused  during  the  act  of  mutilating  or  cutting-off  the 
hair  of  the  victim.  H. -follicle.  See  Follicle.  H.- 
gland,  a  minute  sebaceous  gland  of  the  hair-root. 
H.-knob,  Henle's  term  for  a  hollow,  bulbous  hair- 
root.  H. -papilla,  the  nipple-like  process  of  the 
corium  from  which  the  hair  grows.  H. -pigment, 
the  coloring  matter  of  the  hair.  H.-pith,  the  medulla 
of  a  hair.  H.-root,  that  portion  of  a  hair  contained 
in  the  follicle.  H. -shaft,  the  part  of  a  hair  above  the 
root.      (See  illustration,  page  539.) 

Hairy  (/tar'-,  )  [Ml-;.,  here,  hair].      Covered  with  hair; 
consisting  of  hair.     H.  Heart.    See  Trichocardia  and 
H.  Tongue.     See  Nigriti 

Halberd-shaped   [hal' '-berd-shapl).      Same  as  Hastate. 

Hale    [hal)     [ME.,    heil,    in     g !    health].      Sound; 

healthy  ;    robt 

Half  (hath)f)  [ME.,  half,  half].  Oneoftwoequal  parts. 

H.-bath.     See    /;,!///.     H. -breed,    a    popular    term 

applied  to  offspring  whose  parents  belong  to  different 

H. -lying,  in    massage,  reclining  at  an   angle 

of  about  45°.     H.  Neck-rest,  in   massage,   having 

hand  supporting  the  neck  posteriorly.     H.-wit,  a 


HALICORE 


539 


HAMANN'S  ACID  CARMIN 


weak-minded  person  ;   an   idiot      H.-witted,  idiotic  ; 
weak  in  intellect. 


5        4  j 


Root  of  a  Hair  and  its  Epidermic  Sheath. 

i,  I.  External  layer  of  epidermic  sheath.  2,  2.  Its  inferior  ex- 
tremity. 3,  3.  Internal  layer.  4,  4.  External  layer  of  cuticle 
of  hair.  5.  Root  of  hair.  6  Bulb  of  root.  7,  7.  Its  periph- 
eral or  fibrous  portion.  8.  Its  central  or  medullary  portion. 
9,  9.  Internal  layer  of  cuticle  of  hair. 

Halicore  {hal-ik' -or-e)  [«/c,  sea;  k6/»/,  maiden,  mer- 
maid].    See  Dugong. 

Halimeter  (hal-im'-et-er)  [dAuKtc,  saltness;  i/irpov,  a 
measure].  An  instrument  for  estimating  the  propor- 
tions of  water  in  milk  by  means  of  its  power  to  dis- 
solve common  salt. 

Halisteresis  {hal-is-ter-e'-sis)  [o/c,  salt;  aripriaic, 
privation].  The  loss  by  fully  formed  bones  of  ]/^  to 
Yi  their  lime-salts,  resulting  in  osteomalacia. 

Halituous  {hal-itf -u-us)  \halitus,  breath].  Moist,  as 
if  from  having  been  breathed  upon  ;  applied  to  the  skin. 

Halitus  [haV '-it-us)  [L.,a  vapor],  A  vapor.  Also,  ex- 
pired breath.  H.  oris  fcetidus,  tainted  or  foul  breath. 
H.  sanguinis,  the  characteristic  smell  of  the  blood, 
peculiar  to  each  kind  of  animal. 

Hall's  (Marshall)  Disease  See  Diseases,  Table  of. 
H.'s  Method.      See  .Artificial  Respiration . 

Haller,  Ansa  of.  See  Ansa.  H.,  Circle  of.  See  Cir- 
cle and  Cir cuius.  H.,  Cones  of,  the  Coni  vasculosa. 
H.,  Fretum  of.  See  Fretum.  H.,  Line  of.  See 
Lines,  Table  of.  H.,  Network  of,  the  Rete  vascu- 
losum  of  the  testis.  H.,  Passage  of,  in  the  embryo 
the  narrow  passage  joining  the  auricle  and  ventricle 
of  the  heart. 

Hallex  (hal'-eks)  [I..].     See  Hallux. 

Hallucal  {hal'-ukal)  \hallux,  the  great  toe].  Per- 
taining to  the  hallux,  or  greal 

Hallucinatio  [hal-lew-sin-a'-she-o  )[!-•]•  Hallucination. 
H.  hypochondriaca.      Synonym  of  Hypochondriasis. 

Hallucination  (hal-lew-sin-a'-skun)  \hallncinari,  to 
wander  in  mind].       The  highest  degree  of  subjective 


sensation,  dependent  alone  upon  morbid  stimulation 
of  the  sensor)  cortical  centers.  There  is  the  percep- 
tion "i  non-existeni  objects  or  impressions,  creations 
oi  the  imagination.  Hallucinations  are  variously 
classed  as  hypochondriac,  hypnagogic,  motor,  nega- 
tive, pseudo-sensorial,  unilateral,  visual,  auditory. 
gustatory,  olfat  tory,  tat  tile,  bemiopi<  ,  .  pileptoid,  etc. 

Hallux,  or  Hallus  (hal'-uk  or  hal'-tu)  [L.].  The 
great  toe.  The  great  toe  when  overriding  the  second 
H.  dolorosus.  See  U.  flexus.  H.  flexus  ; 
Hallux  rigidus  :  Hallux  dolorosus  :  a  condition  allied 
to  and  perhaps  identical  with  hammer-toe,  in  which 
there  is  flexion  of  the  firsl  phalanx  of  the  great  toe. 
The  second  phalanx  is  usually  extended  upon  the  first, 
and  there  is  more  01  less  rigidity  of  the  metatarso- 
phalangeal joint.  H.  rigidus.  See  H.  Jlexus.  H. 
valgus,  displacement  of  the  great  toe  toward  the 
other  toes.  H.  varus,  displacement  of  the  greal 
away  from  the  other  toes. 

Halo  [ka'-lo)  ['(><.»,  a  threshing-floor].  1.  The  brown- 
ish circle  about  the  female  nipple,  called  also  the 
areola.  2.  The  luminous  or  colored  circles  seen  by  the 
patient  about  light  in  glaucoma. 

Halogen  [hal'-o-jeri)  [a/lc,  salt;  yewav,  to  produce]. 
In  chemistry,  an  element  that  forms  a  compound  of  a 
saline  nature  by  its  direct  union  with  a  metal.  The 
halogens  are  chlorin,  iodin,  bromin,  and  fluorin, 
to  which  cyanogen  may  be  added  as  a  compound 
halogen. 

Halogenic  [hal-o-jen'-ik)  [<//<;,  salt;  yewav,  to  pro- 
duce].     Salt-producing;   producing  haloids. 

Haloid  [hal'-oid)  [a'/c,  salt;  eZJoc,  likeness].  Anyone 
of  those  compounds  that  consist  of  a  metal  directly 
united  to  chlorin,  bromin,  iodin,  fluorin,  or  cyanogen. 

Halophilous  \hal-off  '-il-us)  [ii/c,  salt ;  <pi?.or,  loving]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  plants  growing  in  salt  marshes 
and  along  sea- coasts. 

Halstern's  Disease.     See  Diseases,  Table  of. 

Halt  (hawlt)  [ME.,  halt,  lame].  I.  Lame.  2.  To 
limp.      3.   A  disease  in  sheep 

Halter  (hcncl'-ter)  [aXHjp,  a  leaping  weight :  //.  IIalteres~\. 
In  biology,  one  of  the  rudimentary  hinder  wings  of  a 
fly  ;   it  is  also  called  poiser  or  balancer. 

Halteripterous  {hal-ter-ip* '-ter-us)  [d/-i/p,  a  leaping 
weight;  -rtpor,  wing].  Having  halteres ;  applied  to 
dipterous  insects. 

Halved  (AaAvd)  [ME. ,  half,  half].  In  biology,  applied 
to  bilaterally  symmetric  organs  in  which  one  side  is 
wanting,  as  in  certain  leaves. 

Ham  [ME.,  hanime,  the  ham].  That  part  of  the  leg 
between  the  knee-joint  and  the  hip-joint.  H. -string, 
one  of  the  tendons  of  the  posterior  muscles  of  the 
thigh.  Also,  to  cripple  by  cutting  the  tendons  of  the 
muscles  of  the  thigh.  H.,  Inner,  the  tendons  of 
the  semimembranosus,  sartorius,  and  semitendinosus 
muscles.  H.,  Outer,  the  tendons  of  the  biceps  flexor 
cruris. 

Hamamelin  (ham-am-e'-lin)  [a/ia/tr/Aig,  a  kind  of  med- 
lar or  service-tree].  A  precipitate  from  a  tincture  of 
the  bark  of  witch-hazel,  Hamamelis  virginica;  it  is 
astringent,  tonic,  and  sedative.     Dose  gr.  j-iij.     Unof. 

Hamamelis  (ham-am-e' '-lis)  [aua,  together  with; 
u>//(ii\  apple-tree:  gen.,  Hamamelidis~\.  Witch- 
hazel  ;  the  leaves  of  //.  virginica,  with  properties  not 
fully  known.  It  is  thought  to  be  tonic,  styptic,  and 
sedative,  and  appears  to  affect  the  circulation  in  a 
manner  similar  to  aconite.  It  is  highly  recommended 
as  a  hemostatic.  A  preparation  of  this  drug  is  sold 
under  the  name  of  Pond's  Extract.  H.,  Fid.  Ext. 
Dose  rnj-sj.  H.,  Tinct.  (B.  P.)  (ale),  1  in  10. 
1  ><  -e  mjj-v. 

Hamann's  Acid  Carmin.     See  Stain;,  Table  oj. 


HAM  VklllKl  1  !•> 


540 


II  \.NDKERCHIEF-DRESSING 


Hamarthr.Us 

the 

Hai 


H. 


H.  White. 
1 1.  Yellow  - 


ition.      A    (i 

nly , 

i    hammer].      In 
H.-bone,  the  malleus.     H.- 
H.,  Thermal. 
:  i      tOI 

mi  times 
pa 

hammer,  and  i-  due 

mging  mat]. 
invas,  suspended 
at  •        It   is    much     used     aboard    ves 

d   latterly  in 
k  and  wounded.     Si 

•  1    ham- 


Disease. 

Pertaining 


.mond's 

Man u  .us,  a  hook]. 

lulate,    Hamulose    [ham'-u  |    \hamust   a 

.  a   hook  :  pi. 
an  itomy,  a  hook-shaped  pro- 

H.   of 
the    Cochlea,  I  the  osseous 

lam 

u  ■ 

i    in- 

. 

ny's     Plant 
•.chinol 
Hai  Opera- 

■ 


H     Ape. 

H  . 

H  .  Dropped. 
H  - 
gout 

key 


H 


M  WD,   PAI  MAR    S 

liiinar.       3. 

m.      5. 
•  idialis.    7. 

TTl.      <). 

Metai  arpal 
11,  11.  First  phali 

]  hlrd  phal- 

•  1 1  x     ol 
thumb. 

'.    hand  ; 
of   <  loth     fur 
H     Barton's  ;    a  hand 


chief  is  folded  in  the  form  of  a  cravat,  and  the  body 
1-  50  placed  on  the  point  of  the  heel  that  the  portion 
on  tlu-  outer  side  ol  the  fool  is  one  third  longer  than 
the  other  portion.  Hie  short  part  is  held  parallel 
with  the  sole  of  the  foot  while  the  long  part  is  carried 
the  instep,  turned  round  the  innei  part,  carried 
back  under  the  sole  ol  the  foot  and  looped  round  in 
own  side,  ["he  two  ends  arc  then  tied  together  for 
tin-  pin ;  Kerting  traction. 

Handkerchief-Dressing.     A  form  of  temporary  dress 
ing  t"i  wounds  and  fractures  made  of  handkerchiefs. 
There   are   two  varieties,  \i/.,  cravats, va  which   the 
handkerchiel  folded  into  rolls  like  cravats;  and 

tn  ,the  handkeri  hiefs  being  folded  diagonally  in 

the  form  ol  triangles.  Themosl  important  cravats  are 
the  following  :  C,  Abdomino-inguinal  ;  two  hand 
ken  hiefs  arc  folded  into  cravats  and  their  ends 
ti<  d  together.  I  he  body  of  one  is  placed  beneath  the 
thigh,  close  up  to  the  nates;  the  ends  are  broughl  t" 
the  front,  crossed  over  the  groin,  then  carried  round  the 
opposite  sides  of  the  body,  and  tied  together  on  one 
side  rather  than  behind,  so  that  the  knot  shall  notpress 
injuriously  upon  the  hack.  C,  Axillo-acromial. 
Sec  (.'.,  Parieto-axillaris.  C,  Axillo-cervical ;  the 
body  of  the  cravat  is  placed  in  the  axilla,  the  ends 
crossed  over  the  shoulder,  and  tied  on  the  opposite  sides 
of  the  neck.  C,  Cervical ;  a  handkerchiel  is  formed  in 
to  a  cravat,  the  body  placed  on  the  front,  back,  or  sides 
of  the  neck,  according  to  the  part  to  be  dressed,  the  end-, 
are  carried  around,  crossed  on  the  opposite  side  and  re- 
turned,and  fastened  with  pins.  C,  Compound  Bis- 
axillary;  for  this  two  handkerchiefs  in  cravat  form  are 
required.  <  me  is  tied  as  an  axillo-acromial  cravat  through 
one  axilla,  while  the  bod)  of  the  other  is  placed  in  the 
opposite  axilla,  and  its  ends,  being  brought  across  the 
chest,  one  in  front  and  the  other  behind,  are  passed 
through  the  loop  of  the  first  and  tied  in  front  of  the 
breast.  C,  Compound  Bis-axillo-scapulary ; 
form  two  handkerchiefs  into  cravats.  Tie  one  as  a 
loose  ling,  or  form  the  axillo-acromial  cravat  of  one- 
side,  and,  placing  the  body  of  the  other  in  front  of  the 
opposite  shoulder,  bring  the  ends  back,  one  over  the 
shoulder  and  the  other  through  the  axilla  ;  then  form 
these  into  a  single  knot,  and  complete  the  dressing  by 
passing  the  ends  through  the  ring  or  loop  of  the  other 
cravat,  and  tying  them  into  a  knot.  C,  Fronto-oc- 
cipito-labialis  ;  the  handkerchief  is  formed  into  a  cra- 
vat and  the  middle  portion  is  placed  upon  the  forehead ; 
the  ends  are  carried  back,  crossed  upon  the  posterior 
part  of  the  neck,  brought  forward  under  the  ears  and 
crossed  over  the  upper  lip.  This  isused  to  approximate 
lip-wounds.  C,  Ilio-inguinal,  a  double  cravat,  also 
called  the  sacro  bi-crural  crural  of  Mayor.  The  body 
of  a  long  cravat  is  placed  over  the  body  of  the  sacrum, 
the  two  extremities  are  brought  around  the  body  down 
in  front  of  each  groin  and  around  the  thighs,  to  be  fastened 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  body.  C,  Ilio-inguinal, 
or  the  cruro-pelvic  cravat  of  Mayor.  The  body  of  a 
large  cravat  is  placed  over  the  inguinal  region,  the  up- 
per extremity  is  carried  around  the  body,  the  lowerex- 
tremity  around  the  thigh,  and  the  two  ends  knotted  in 
front.  C,  Metatarso-malleolar  ;  place  the  body  of 
the  craval  obliquely  across  the  dorsum  of  the  foot ; 
try  one  end  under  the  fool  and  up  in  front   ol  the 

ankle,  and  the  other  around  the  leg  above  the  mal 
holi,  fastening  them  together  in  front  of  the  joint. 
C,  Parieto-axillaris;  one  handkerchief  i>  form 
into  a  cravat,  and  its  body  is  placed  in  the  axilla,  the 
1  overthe  shoulder,  forming  the  axillo-acromial 
\  second  handkerchief  is  made  into  a  tri- 
angle, and  its  body  placed  over  the  side  of  the  head, 
and  its  ends  tied  into  the  first  over  the  shoulder.      It  is 


HANDKERCHIEF-DRESSING 


54] 


HANDKER<  llll.l    DRESSING 


used  to  approximate  wounds  on  the  side  ol  the  neck 
an«l  to  prevent  contraction  afti  t  burns.  C,  Simple 
Bis-axillary;  plan-  the  body  of  the  cravat  in  the 
axilla,  cross  the  ends  over  the  shoulder,  and  after 
carrying  one  a<  ross  the  back  and  the  other 
across  the  breast,  tie  them  together  at  the  an- 
terior border  of  the  axilla  of  tin-  opposite  side.  C, 
Simple  Bis-axillo-scapulary  ;  this  is  a  posterior  fig- 
ure-of-eight, and  is  besl  formed  with  a  strip  of  muslin 
three  inches  wide  and  ten  yards  long.  Place  the  center 
of  the  strip  in  front  of  the  shoulder  and  the  axilla;  bring 
one  end   back    over  the  top   of  the  shoulder  and  the 


knee,  and  pinned  or  tied  as  they  are  turned  downward. 
C,  Tibial  ;  place  the  body  of  a  handkerchief,  folded 
into  a  cravat,  obliquely  across  the  posterior  surfao 
the  leg,  and  carry  tlie  extremities  around  tin-  limb,  tin- 
one  below  the  knee,  ami  tin-  other  above  il,,  malleoli. 
Mayor's  Bandage  for  Fractured  Clavicle  ;  the  arm 
is  flexed  at  a  right-angle  and  confined  to  the  side  of  the 
chest  by  a  triangular  handken  hief,  the  base  being 
placed  above  the  forearm  and  tin-  two  extremities 
fastened  on  tin-  back,  the  apex  hanging  down  in  front. 
The  two  folds  forming  tin-  apex  are  (  arried  up  between 
the  arm  and   the  body  and  the  under  one   i-  passed  to 


Bi-temporal  Triangle. 


Fronto-occipital  Triangle. 


Auriculo-occipital  Triangle. 


Triangular  or  Hunter's 
Cap  of  the  Head. 


Brachio-cervical  Triangle. 


Oblique  Triangle  of  the  Arm  and  Chest.      Mayor's  Bandage  for  Fractured  Clavicle. 


Scroto-lumbar  Triangle. 
(Suspensory  Bandage  of  the  Scrotum). 


Ilioinguinal  Cravat  (double). 
The  Sacro  Bi-crural  Cravat  of  Mavor. 


Ilio-inguinal  Cravat. 
(The  Cruro-pelvic  Cravat  of  Mayor  ) 


other  through  the  axilla,  cross  them  between  the 
scapula;,  carrying  the  axillary  end  over  the  shoulder  of 
tin-  opposite  side  and  back  through  the  axilla,  and  the 
humeral  end  forward  through  the  axilla,  the  two  over- 
lapping each  other  ;  then  fasten  their  ends  front  and 
back.  This  is  an  extemporaneous  dressing  for  fracture 
of  the  clavicle.  C,  Tarso-patellar ;  this  requires 
three  handkerchiefs,  all  in  cravat-form.  One  is  to  be 
placed  about  the  knee  as  a  figure-of-eight ;  a  second 
round  the  foot  in  front  of  the  ankle  ;  the  third  is  passed 
through  the  loop  of  the  latter,  the  ends  being  carried 
on    either    side    through    the     figure-of-eight    of    the 


the  sound  shoulder,  while  the  upper  one  is  carried  to 
the  affected  shoulder.  A  broad  piece  of  bandage  is 
fastened  to  one  apex  and  carried  beneath  the  handker- 
chief at  the  back  and  is  then  brought  up  and  fastened 
to  the  other  apex  on  the  opposite  shoulder. 

The  most  important  triangles  are  the  following  :  T., 
Auriculo-occipital,  a  variety  of  handkerchief-dress- 
ing for  the  head,  used  in  keeping  an  application  to  the 
ear  in  proper  place.  The  base  of  the  handkerchief  is 
placed  in  front  of  the  ear  to  be  covered,  and  the  apex 
directed  backward.  The  lower  end  is  next  carried 
under  the  jaw  and  up  over  the   face   in    front  of  the 


II  Wl'kl  R<  HIM    DRESSING 


HAl'h  >I>\  >I'H()KIA 


the 

r.,  Bi-tem- 


- 


poral. 

111(1  to 

ip  and 
:UO-OCci- 

which  the 

the  head, 
ipital  pro- 

■ 

inned 

T.,    Malleolo- 

■     ■•,.-. 

I 

.Ml     Of 

malleoli,  mak- 
ends  in 
■ 

Mammary  •  handkerchief  into  a  triangle; 

and  it-  apex  over  the 
under  the 
• 

.;   .  i  ol  the  affected  side, 

immit.      T.,  Oblique,  of   the 

Arm  and  Chest;    the  base  of  the  triangle   i- placed 

illowed   to  project 

ctremity  that  is  next  to  the 

shoulder,  the  other 

through  the  axilla  of  the  injured 

extn  tnity  ovei   the  sound 

:  kward  around  the 

T.,  Occipito-frontal  ;  the  same 

■nlv  that  the  handkerchief  is  re- 

put.     T., 

Occipito-sternal  ;  one  handkerchief  is  formed  into  a 

.it.      The  latter  is  tied 

rno  dorsal  cravat. 

I  over  the  occiput  and 

ends  are   brought 

d  to  the  cravat 

turned  backward 

T.,  Palmar;  thebaseofthe 

ick   or  the  front  of 

-  the  palm 

mmitis  I  ilded  back  upon 

T.,    Scroto-lumbar.      See     T., 
T.,  Simple  Brachio-cervical ;  the  arm 

t  the  triangle  is 

one  siik-. 
nd    pinned   in 
I  ispensor .  'urn  bar    Triar 

d  tie  it  ai 
.  ■ 
1  d    the 

in  ul.ir 

rried  up, 

d  down  in 

pin.  T.,  Vertico- 

in 

the 

I   with 
lar  or  Hunter's  Cap  of    the 
Head  with    thi 


mental.  ■ 


sufficiently  long  to  pass  overthe  head  and  fasten  under 
the  chin.  First  fold  it  transversely  across  until  one 
side  i-.  within  an  inch  of  the  opposite  side  ;  the  short  side 
i-  tlu-n  placed  beneath  ;  the  two  comers  of  the  folded 
ge  arc  turned  inward,  forming  a  triangle.  The  two 
extremities  of  the  triangle  are  taken  in  either  hand,  and 
while  kept  tense  arc  t  w  isted  and  rolled  up  to  the  extent 

dI    two   inches.      Lifting  the  bandage  and   approxi- 
mating the  hands  cause  the  two  sides  to  separate.     It 

i>  pi. uiil  on  the  head  with  the  thin  edge  overthefore- 

head  and  the  rolled  edge  around  the  hack  of  the  neck. 
1  lie  ends  arc  brought  under  the  chin,  and  tied. 

Handwriting  {hand'  ri-ting).     See  Graphok 

Hanging  (//..•  [Ml    .  .hanging].  Heath 

by   suspension  ol    the  body  li<>m  the  neck,  by  a    rope 
provided  with  a  slip-noose.      The  immediate  cause  ol 
death    may  be   asphyxia,  cerebral  hemorrhage  (from 
strangulation),  or  dislocation  or  fracture  of  the  cervi 
cal  vertebrae. 

Hangnail  {hangf -n&l)  [AS.,  angnagl,  a  sore  by  the 
nail].  A  partly  detached  piece  of  epidermis  at  the 
root  of  the  nail,  the  friction  against  which  has  caused 
inflammation  of  the  abraded  surface. 

Haouwa  [E.  Ind.].  Synonym,  in  Bagdad,  of  Asiatic 
Cholera. 

Hapantismus  [hap-an-tiz' '-mus)  [a7rac,  entire].  Com- 
plete adln-ion  between  parts  or  surfaces. 

Haphalgesia  {haf-al  jc'-ze-ali)  [afyri,  touch  ;  a/tyoc, 
pain].  Painful  touch  by  bodies  ordinarily  not  pain- 
ful. 

Haphemetric  [haf-e-mef '-rik)  \_afytj,  touch;  fxirpov, 
measure].  Relating  to  esthesiometry.  See  Esthe- 
siometer. 

Haphephobia  (Jiaf-e-fo' -be-ah)   [abrj,    contact;    <p6 
fear].     The    morbid    dread   of  touching   persons    or 
things  ;   mysophobia. 

Haphonosus   {haf-on'-o-sus)   ['"pi/,  touch  ;     vdoog,  dis- 
e].      Any  disorder  of  the  sense  of  touch. 

Haplodermitis     {hap-lo-der-mi* '-tis)    [dx?.6og,    simple  ; 
//«,  skin  ;    trie,  inflammation].     A  simple  or  un- 
complicated skin-inflammation. 

Haplodont  [hap'-lo-dont)  [urr/ooc,  single;  bdohg, 
(o66vt),  tooth].  In  biology,  applied  to  animals 
whose  molar  teeth  have  simple  or  single  crowns. 

Haplolichen  (kap-lo-li'-ken)  [<i-'/6oc,  single;  Xeixfiv, 
lichen].      Same  as  Lichen  simplex,  q.  v. 

Haplomelasma  (hap  lo-mcl-az'-inah)  [cmMoc,  simple  ; 
u&ao/za,  a  livid  spot].      Simple  melasma. 

Haplomorphous    [hap-lo-mor1 -/us)     \Jnr'/.6oc,    simple; 
form].      In    biology,    applied    to    the    simpler 
form-  of  certain  groups. 

Haploophone  (hap-lo'-o-Jon)  [d-'/Moc,  single;  (puvi/, 
voice].  In  biology,  applied  to  the  form  of  the 
syrinx  in  certain  birds  {e.g.,  Xenicidd)  which  have 
but  one  intrinsic  syringomyon. 

Haplopathy  {hap-lop* -ath-e)  [('nrXdoc,  simple;  irdSog, 
illness].      Any  uncomplicated  disease. 

Haplopetalous      (hap-lo-pet'-al-us)     [airAooq,     single; 
v,    leaf].      In     biology,    having    but    a    single 
cin  I  tals. 

Haplophyma  (hap-lo  fi'-mah)  [d-'/.dor,  simple;  </>v/ia, 
a  tumor].      A  simple  tumor. 

Haploscope  (hap'-lo-skop)  [an'kdcx;,  single;  gkokeIv,  to 
see].      An  instrument  tor  measuring  the  visual  axes. 

Haplostemonous  [hap-lo-ste'  -nion-us)  [u-'aooc,  single; 
<«.<i,  a  thread].      In   biology,    having  but  a  single 
circle  of  stami  ns. 

Haplotomia,  Haplotomy,  (hap-lo-lo'  -me-ah,  hap-lot'- 
"  me)  [u~'/dr>c,  simple;  ro/ti/,  a  cut].  A  simple  inci- 
sion. 

Haptodysphoria  Uiap-to-dii  fo*  re-ah)  \_6.itt6c,  tactile, 
touched;  dbg,  difficult ;  <p6pog,  bear].      The  disagree 


HARAMAITISM 


:.  13 


II  \  I  I  l.RS'   UI-I  ASE 


able  sensation  aroused  by  touching  certain  objects,  as 
velvet,  a  peach,  or  a  russet  apple. 

Haramaitism  {liar-am-a* -it-iztn)  [Anglo  Indian;  from 
Haram  tnaiti,  the  name  ol  an  Hindu  offender  in  this 
way].  Child-marriage  in  India;  also,  the  collective 
physical  evils  that  resull  from  thai  system. 

Hard  [ME.,  hard,  hard).  Solid;  firm  to  the  touch. 
H.-hack,    the    leaves    and    twigs  of   Spireea  tomen- 

;  i  tringent  and  tonic,  and  a  popular  Ni  l 
land  remedy  in  diarrhea  and  cholera  infantum.  I 
gr.  v-xv,  in  decoction;  of  the  lid.  ext.  g  ss  j.  I  nof. 
I  he  shrub  Potenlilla  fruticosa  is  locally  called  hard- 
hack  ;  it>  properties  are  the  same  as  those  of  the 
species  named.  H.  Palate.  See  Palate.  H. 
Pitch.  See  Pitch.  H.  Resins.  See  Resins.  H.- 
tack,  a  form  of  biscuit  used  in  the  navy  and  army. 

Hardenbergia  [har-den-ber1 -Je-ah)  [after  Countess 
Hardenberg\.  A  genus  of  Australian  leguminous 
plant-.  The  root  of  H.  monophylla,  called  lilac, 
and  sarsaparilla,  is  said  to  be  a  good  substitute  for 
true  sarsaparilla.      L'nof. 

Hardening  [hard' -en-ing)  [ME.,  hard,  hard].  A 
Stage  in  the  preparation  of  tissues  for  microscopic  ex- 
amination. See  Alcohol,  Ammonium  Chromate, 
Ammonium  Bichromate,  Potassium  Bichromate, 
Mailer's  /•'//tit/,  Erlicki's  Fluid,  Chromic  Acid, 
Klein  s  Fluid,  Raid's  Fluid,  Corrosive  Sublimate, 
Picric  Acid,  in  Stains,  Tabic  of.  Alcohol  for  pieces 
under  I  inch  square,  and  the  bichromate  solutions  for 
larger  masses,  are  best  for  general  use  ;  others  in  special 
cases ;  but  in  all,  full  twenty  times  the  bulk  of  the 
object  should  be  used.      See  Stains,   Table  of. 

Haider's  Glands.     See  Qland. 

Hare's  Method.  A  method  of  determining  the  posi- 
tion on  the  skull  corresponding  to  the  fissure  of 
Rolando.  The  pre-Rolandic  region  occupies  55.7 
per  cent,  of  the  distance  from  the  glabella  to  the 
inion. 

Hare-eye  (har'-i).      See  Lagophthalmos. 

Harelip  [har'-lip).  Congenital  fissure  of  the  lip  due  to 
arrested  facial  development.  The  scheme  of  the 
formation  of  cleft  is  shown  in  the  annexed  illustrations. 
H.,  Complicated,  with  cleft  or  malformation  of  the 
superior  maxillary^  bone  also.  H.,  Double,  two  clefts 
of  the  lip,  or  one  of  each  lip.  Twisted  or  Harelip 
Suture,  a  figure-of-8  suture  about  a  pin  thrust  through 
the  lips  of  freshened  edges  of  the  cleft.  For  opera- 
tions for  single  harelip  see  Clemofs,  (.'oil/.'..  Dieffen- 
bac/i's,  Gira/des' ,  Graefe' '  s,  Jfagedorn's,  Malgaigne's, 
Miraulfs,  Nelaton's,  Fare's,  Rose's,  Stokes'  itera- 
tions; and  for  operations  for  double  harelip  see  Barde- 
leben's,  B/andin's,  Butcher' s,  Desault's,  Franco's, 
Gensoid ' s,  Langenbeck' s,  Rose's,  Sedillofs,  Smith's 
Operations,  in  Operations,  Table  of. 

Harlequin  [har'-le-kwin  |  [OF., harlequin,  a  harlequin]. 
Variegated  ;  party-colored.  H.  Fetus,  a  fetus  with 
congenital  ichthyosis,  general  seborrhea,  or  diffuse 
keratoma.  Such  subjects  are  always  born  prematurely, 
and  have  no  external  ears,  eyelids,  or  lips. 

Harmalin  (har'-mal-in)  [op/«zAa],  C,SHUN20.  A 
yellowish  crystalline  substance  used  as  a  dye.  See 
Figments,  Conspectus  of. 

Harmonia  {Jiar-mo'-ne-ah\  [apfiovia,  harmony].  A 
suture  (also  a  mode  of  suture)  between  two  bones 
that  are  apposed  closely  and  immovably  upon  each 
other. 

Harmonics   (har-mon,-ikss).     See  Or'er-loues. 

Harpoon  (Jiar-poon'')  [Fr.,  harpon,  a  grappling-iron]. 
An  instrument  for  the  removal  of  bits  of  living  tissue 
for  microscopic  examination. 

Harrison's  Groove.  A  transverse  curve  passing  out- 
ward from  the  level  of  the  ensiform  cartilage  toward 


the  axilla.      Ii   may  be  deepened  at   each  inspiration 

in  c  ertain  diseases,  e.  g.,  rickets. 
Hartig's    White     Mass.     A    substance    for   injecting 

tissues.      Dissolve  125  gms.  of  lead  acetate  in  enough 

water  to  make  the  whole  weigh  500  gms.     lb 

is.  of  sodium    carbonate  in  enough  water  to  make 

the  whole  weigh  500  gms.      One  volume  of  each   of 

these  solutions  is   mixed  with  two  volumes  of  strong 

gelatin  soluti<  »n. 
Hartmann's    Elixir.      An    elixir    containing    camphor 

50  pan-,  and    saffron    1    part,  in    alcohol     350  parts. 

H.'s  Tubes,  small  tubes  devised  to  be  passed  through 

a  perforated  drum  membrane  for  the  purpose  of  irriga^ 

tiiiL;  and  draining  the  middle-ear  cavity. 
Hartshorn     [harts' -horn).      1.    Comu     cervi.     2.     A 

name  popularly  given   to   ammonium  hydrate.       See 

Ammonium. 


Scheme  of  Formation  of  the  Face  and  Arrest  of 
its  Development. 

A.  First  appearance  of  the  face.  1,  11,  m,  iv.  The  four  vis- 
ceral arches,  f.  Frontal  process  1.  Inner  nasal  process.  2. 
Outer  nasal  process.  3.  Superior  maxillary  process,  u  In- 
ferior maxillary  process,  b,  c.  First  and  second  visceral 
clefts,  a.  Eye.  z.  Tongue.  B.  Normal  union  of  the  em- 
bryonic parts  Z.  Intermaxillary  bone.  .V.  Nasal  orifice. 
0  Nasal  tear-duct.  V  Lower  jaw  (*»,  abnormal  dilatation  of 
the  mouth,  constituting  makrostomia).  C.  Arrest  of  the 
development,  constituting  oro-qasal  cleft.  D.  Arrest  of  de- 
velopment showing  an  "  oblique  facial  cleft  "  {Q). 

Harvest-bug.      See  Leptus  autumnalis. 

Hashish   (hash'-esh).      See  Cannabis. 

Hasner's  Valve.  A  fold  of  the  mucous  membrane  of 
the  nasal  duct  at  the  lower  orifice.  It  is  not  of  con- 
stant occurrence.     See  Valve. 

Hassall,  Concentric  Corpuscles  of.  Peculiar  bodies 
found  in  the  medulla  of  the  thymus  gland.  They 
eoiisist  of  a  central  granular  part,  around  which  are 
disposed  layers  of  llattened  nucleated  endothelial  cells 
arranged  concentrically. 

Hastate  (has'-tat)  \hasta,  a  spear].  In  biology,  shaped 
like  the  head  of  a  spear ;  halberd-shaped. 

Hastifolious  [has-tif-& '-le-us)  \hasta,  a  spear  ;  folium, 
a  leaf].      In  biology,  having  hastate  leaves. 

Hatters'  Disease.  A  form  of  constitutional  mercurial 
I  oisoning  occurring   in   the    makers  of  hats;     also    a 


II  Al 


544 


HEART 


i 

H.'s  Con- 
sump 

the 

li]. 

i  tnachin 

In  .   the 

netrating 

!    which 

In   phar- 
,  the  form  ol 

- 
■ 

■>t. 
H.,  Glands  of. 
H..  Spaces  o;  ind  irregular  spaces 

lainly,  though  also  to  a  lim- 

Canal  -  and 

H.  System  in  bone,  consisting 

.  surrouni 

ye],     i.  The 

membrane,  or   winker  of  a 

condition  of,  the 

hawk].   Clearing 

air. 
.  ooJ.       \  ids     for 

:    tat.  O.61  ; 

irch,  10. 97  ; 
albuminoids,    5.3S; 

iy].     (  '    and  dried. 

H.-cold.     Sam.-  as 
H  -fever. 
:.-thod.    -  <ds  of.    H.'sRe- 

1 
H 

named  after 
ical 

puted.      A 
r  cent. )  i-  a 

■    ■     ■ 


H 


H 
H 


H 


n  of 

r    in  the 

olution  th 

lard 

turn. 
H.'s  Fluid, 
lied 
urn,  two 

mil 
the 


ity  with  lint   saturated  with  dilute  sulphuric  acid, 

third  the  official  strength,  to  hasten  tin-  separation 

diseased   tissues,  i<>  stimulate  granulations,  and  to 

Head  [ME.,/    ■■'.   th'1   bead].      The   anterior  or 

upper  pan  l  tin-  body.  That  part  of  tin-  body  ion 
Mining  the  brain  or  central  nerve  system.  Also,  the 
upper  end  of  a  long  bone,  a-  the  femur.  H.-ache, 
any  pain  in  the  head,  general  or  local,  arising  from 
any  cause  whatever.  According  to  Hughlings-Jack- 
idaches,  such  as  "  sick  "  and  "  bili- 
ous  "  headaches,  are  due  to  disorders  of  the  digestive 
system;  headache  al  the  vertex,  to  cerebral  troubles; 
and  occipital  headai  he,  to  anemia.  Eye  strain  i-  a 
frequent  source  of  headache,  especially  in  the  frontal 
i  hi.  H.  breeze,  Electro  therapeutic,  a  device 
for  general  static  cephalic  electrization  by  a  head  plate, 
with  numerous  insulated  pencils  for  subdividing  and 
cumulating  strong  currents,  and  giving  more  grad- 
ual effects.  See  Static  Breeze.  H. -birth,  the  birth 
of  the  fetal  head  first.  H.-drop,  a  peculiar  nervous 
disease  seen  in  Japan  during  the  spring  anil  early  sum- 
mer, supposed  to  be  miasmatic  in  origin.  It  is  at- 
tended with  inability  to  hold  the  head  erect,  paralytic 
symptoms  in  the  limbs,  and  optic  disorders.  One  at- 
tack predisposes  to  others.  H.-fold,  an  inflection  or 
tucking-in  of  the  layers  in  front  of  and  beneath  the  head 
of  the  embryo.  H.-gut.  See  Fore-gut.  H. -kidney. 
Same  as  Pronephros.  H. -light  Oil.  See  Burning 
Oil.  H. -locking,  a  term  in  obstetrics  denoting  the 
entanglement  of  the  heads  of  twins  at  the  time  of 
birth.      H. -measurements.     See  Craniometry. 

Heal  (hll)  [MIC,  helen,  to  heal].  To  make  whole  or 
sound  ;  to  cure.      H.-all.     See  Collinsonia. 

Healing  (he'-ling)  [ME.,  helen,  to  heal].  Union  ami 
cicatrization  of  a  wound;  applied  generally  to  the 
cure  of  disease.  H.  by  First  Intention,  without  the 
granulating  process.  H.  by  Second  Intention,  by 
the  intermediation  of  granulations.  H.  by  Third 
Intention,  the  direct  union  of  two  already  granulat- 
ing surfaces. 

Health  (heith)  [ME.,  heith,  health].  That  condition 
of  the  body  and  its  organs  necessary  to  the  proper 
performance  of  their  normal  functions.  A  hale  or 
whole  condition  of  body.  H.-lift,  an  apparatus  for 
exercising  those  muscles  by  which  weights  are  lifted 
directly  upward. 

Hear  [hlr)  [ME.,  keren,  to  hear].  To  perceive  by  the 
ear. 

Hearing  {h.Sr'-ing')  [ME.,  heren,\.o\i&zx\.  The  special 
■  which  the  sononms  vibrations  of  the  air  are 
communicated  to  the  mind.  The  cerebral  center  is 
excited  by  tin  vibration  of  the  fluid  contents  of  the 
labyrinth,  or  terminal  organs  of  the  auditory  nerve. 
Sound  presents  three  elements,  pitch,  intensity, 
and  timbre.  The  first  depend-  upon  the  number  of 
the  aerial  vibration-;  the  second  upon  their  amplitude ; 
the  third  up  'ii  their  form. 

Heart  [hat  '<  \  ME.,  hart,  heart].   The  organ  giving  the 

initiative  and    chief  impulse    to    the    circulation    of  lie 

blood.      It  is  enveloped  by  a  membranous  tissue  called 

'turn.    It  consists  essentially  of  four  <  avities, 

md  ventricle,  and    a   left  auricle  and 

ventricle.     The  movements   of  the   heart   maybe  re- 

ded  by  mean-  of  the  cardiograph,  ami  th  "'gs, 

.    may    be    of    value    in    the    study    of 

d  condition-.      H.,  Dilatation  of,  the  abnormal 

increase  in   size   of  any  or  all   of  the  cavities  of  the 

heart.      H. -burn,  a  burning  fei  ling  at  the  epigastrium 

and    ]o  aused   by  tie-  a<  'tic  or 

putrefactive  tion  ol  the  gastric  contents.    H.- 

clot,  coagulation   "I  the  blood  in  the  cardiac  cavities; 


HEART 


545 


III    \RI 


cardiac    thrombosis.      H. -disease,   any  functional  or 
organic  pathologic  condition  of  the  heart.     H.,  Fatty, 
a  name  given  to  two  distinct  pathologic  conditions  ol 
the  heart-tissue.      In  the  first  there  is  a  true  fatty  de 
generation  of  the  muscular  fibers  of  the  heart  ;    and  in 
the  second  there  is  an  increase  in  the  quantity  of  sub- 

pericardial    fat— a  tatty    infiltration.      The  former    and 


mosl  serious  condition  is  due  to  a  deficiency  in  the 
supply  of  oxygenated  blood  to  the  heart,  arising 
either  from  local  or  general  causes.  It  gives  rise  to 
asthma,  angina  pet  toris,  and  a  tendency  to  syncope  and 
sudden  death.  I  lie  se<  ond  i  ondition  is  usually  a 
ciated  with  general  obesity,  and  may  present  the  same 
ymptoms  as  the  first.  H.  -hurry,  Paroxysmal. 
See  Tachycardia.  H.,  Hypertrophy  of,  an  abnor 
mal  increase  in  the  muscular  tissue  of  the  heart.     See, 


Anatomy  of    rHE  Heart,  Right  Side. 

.  Cavity  of  right  auricle  2.  Appendix  auriculae.  3  Superior 
vena  cava.  4.  Inferior  vena  cava.  5.  Fossa  ovalis ;  the 
prominent  ridge  surrounding  it  is  the  anuulus  ovalis.  6. 
Eustachian  valve.  7.  Opening  of  the  coronary  vein.  8. 
Coronary  valve.  9.  Entrance  of  the  auriculo-ventricular 
opening  Between  the  figures  1  and  q,  several  foramina 
thebesii  are  seen.  a.  Right  ventricle,  b,  c.  Cavity  of  right 
ventricle  e,  f.  Tricuspid  valve,  g.  Long  columna  carnea. 
h.  The  "long  moderator  band  "  i.  The  two  columna? 
carneae  of  the  right  curtain,  k.  Attachment  of  chordae 
tendineae  of  the  left  limb  of  the  anterior  curtain.  /,  /.  Chordae 
tendinese  of  the  "  fixed  curtain  "  of  the  valve,  m.  Valve  of 
the  pulmonary  artery,  n.  Apex  of  left  appendix  auriculae. 
o.  Left  ventricle,  p.  Ascending  aorta,  q.  Its  transverse  por- 
tion,    r.   Descending  aorta. 


Anatomy  of  the  Heart,  Left  Side. 

.  Cavity  of  left  auricle.  2  Cavity  <>(  the  appendix  auriculae. 
3.  Opening  of  the  two  right  pulmonary  veins.  4.  The  sinus 
into  which  the  left  pulmonary  veins  open.  5.  Left  pulmon- 
ary veins  6.  Auriculo-ventricular  opening.  7.  Coronary 
vein.  8.  Left  ventricle.  9,  9.  Cavity  of  the  left  ventricle. 
a.  Mitral  valve,  b,  b,  b.  Columnar  carneae.  c.  c.  Fixed 
columnae  carneae.  d.  Arch  of  the  aorta,  e.  Pulmonary 
arterv.  f.  Obliterated  ductus  arteriosus,  g.  Left  pulmon- 
ary artery,  h.  Right  ventricle,  i.  Point  of  the  appendix  of 
right  auricle. 

35 


Horizontal  Section  of  Lungs  and  Heart. 

,  1  Upper  lobes  of  lungs.  2,2.  Lower  lobes.  3  Dorsal  ver- 
tebra. 4,  4.  Two  ribs.  5.  Heart.  6  Right  auricular 
appendix.  7  Superior  vena  cava.  8.  Aorta  9.  Pulmonary 
arterv.  10.  Left  auricle.  11.  Left  auricular  appendix  12. 
Mouths  of  right  pulmonary  veins.  13.  Mouths  of  left  pul- 
monary veins.  14.  Thoracic  aorta.  15.  Esophagus.  (See 
also  pp-  r/j  and 370.) 


BR 


Scheme  of  the  Blood-pressure. 

H.  Heart,  a.  Auricle,  v.  Ventricle.  A.  Arterial ;  C,  capillary ; 
V,  venous  areas.  The  circle  indicates  the  parts  within  the 
thorax.     B,  P.  Pressure  in  the  aorta. 

also,  Hypertrophy.  H. -murmurs.  See  Murmur. 
H. -scald.  Same  asH.-burn.  H. -shock,  Latham's 
term  for  sudden  cardiac  breakdown  during  exertion, 
not  due  to  rupture  of  a  valve.  H.,  Sounds  of,  the 
sounds  observed  in  auscultation  of  the  heart,  occurring 
synchronously  with  systolic  contraction  and  the  closure 
of  the  valves,  etc.  H.,  Valves  of.  See  Valve. 
H. -starvation,  Fothergill's  term  for  a  form  of  cardiac 
asthenia  occurring  in  adult  age,  and  characterized  by 
feeble  circulation,  cold  extremities,  tendency  to  ver- 
tigo, and  pseudo-apoplectic  attacks,  but  with  absence 
of   arcus    senilis.      It    is  due  to  general    ill-nutrition, 


Ill  AKI 


546 


i 


the  left   ventricle.    E. 
K  Mitral  insul  L. 

c.  Ventricular  systole, 
pulmonary  valves 

heat],      A    ni.nl, •  or    rate    of 

mk\  or  mole<  ular,  or  wave- 

imits  of  intensity  ii  is  essential 

II  organized  beings  ;   above  a 

inization  and 

t  indicates  a  temperature 

riod   of 

ol    many  animals. 

H  .  Animal  within  th  of 

:  tin-  latent  heat  con- 

H. -apoplexy.     See   Insolation. 

H  H. -centers, 

bout    tli'  and    lateral 

t<>  have  the 

_■  tin-  production  of 

H. -eruption.  m     of    Eczema. 

H  -fever.     See    In  H.,  Latent,  physio! 

ig    in    a    comp! 

:  111  - 

H  .   Prickly  H., 

H.-spot,  a  I  W-< 

H. -stroke,  a  nervous 

■ 
H.-unit, 
•  int   of  I 

A   < 

ira- 

1  Icavy  Oil 


Ill  DERIC   At  ID 

lining  in  young  persons  at  or  soon  after  the  age  of 
puberty. 
Hebephrenias  |        .   puberty  ;    <.y,r, 

tin-  mind].     <  me  who  is  affected  with  hebephrenia. 
Hebephrenic  |       ..  puberty;  <ptfv,  the 

mind].     I.   Affected,  with  hebephrenia.     2.   One  who 
is  affected  with  hebephrenia. 
Heberden's     Asthma.     See    Asthma,  and     Disea 

H.'s  Rheumatism.     See  Diseases,  Table 

H.'s  Nodes.     See  and  Signs  and  Symp- 

H.'s  Nodosities.     See  Signs  and 

Hebetic  [he-bet'-ik  [','•'<,'"•'".  relating  to  puberty]. 
Relating  to  pubertj  or  to  adolesi  ence. 

Hebetude  tiid)   \_hebetudo  ;  hebes,  blunt].      Dul- 

ness  of  the  senses   and  intellect.     A  term  applied  to 
the  state  of  partial  stupor  in  affections  of  the  brain. 

Hebetudinous  [heb-e-tuf -din-us)  \hebetudo ;  hebes, 
blunt].     Affei  ted  with  hebetude. 

Hebra's  Arsenical  Paste.  A  paste  also  known  as 
'.  Paste.  It  is  used  in  treating  lupus  vulgaris. 
It  consists  of  arsenious  acid,  io  grains ;  artificial  cin- 
nabar, '4  dram  ;  ointment  of  rose-water,^  ounce. 
It  i-  spread  on  linen  and  applied  accurately  by  means 
of  a  pad  and  bandage.      H.'s  Erythema.     See  Di 

...     Table   of.     H.'s    Pityriasis.      See     I 
Tali  I,-  of.      H.'s  Prurigo.      See  Diseases,  Table  of . 

Heckle-cell  {kek'-l-sel)  [ME.,  kekele,  a  heckle;  cella, 
a  cell].  An  epidermal  cell  having  minute,  hard, 
horny  projections  from  its  cell- wall. 

Hectic  (hek'-tik)  [ektikSc,  habitual  or  consumptive]. 
I  [abitual.  A  word  now  commonlyused  in  connection 
with  certain  constant  symptoms  of  pulmonary  tuber- 
culosis, as  H.  Fever,  the  febrile  symptoms  concurrent 
with  pulmonary  tuberculosis.  H.  Flush,  the  Hushed 
cheek  accompanying  pulmonary  tuberculosis.  H. 
Spot.     Same  as  //.  flush. 

Hectocotylization  {hek-to-kot-il-iz-a' '-shun)  [kmriw,  a 
hundred;  kotvIt),  a  small  cup].  In  biology,  applied 
to  the  peculiar  sexual  modification  of  the  arm  of  the 
male  cephalopod,  or  its  use'  as  a  fertilizing-organ. 

Hectocotylus  [hek-to-kof -il-us)  [enaT&v,  a  hundred; 
hori'/?/,  a  cup].  In  biology,  a  specialized  arm  in 
certain  male  cephalopod-.  which  contains  the  sperm- 
cell.-,  and  is  detached  and  deposited  within  the  mantle- 
cavity  of  the  female. 

Hectogram     [hek' -to-gram)     [kmT&v,    one     hundred; 
ufia,  a  weight].     <  »ne  hundred  grams,  or  1543.2349 
grains. 

Hectoliter  [hekf -to-le-ter)  [inarbv,  hundred;  Turpa,  a 
pound].  One  hundred  liter-,  equal  to  22.009  imperial 
gallons,  or  26.4  U.  S.  gallons. 

Hectometer  [hek/-to-m  ter)  [/,</-, ,r,  hundred  ;  fiirpov, 
a  measure].     Onehundred  in<  ter-,  or  328  feet,  1  inch. 

Hedeoma    \he-de-o> '-malt)    [»JfKic,  sweet ;    bofti/,  smell]. 

American   Pennyroyal.     The  leaves  and  tops  of   II. 

pul  .distinguished   by  their  aroma.     Itsproper 

ties   are   due    to   a    volatile    oil.       It   is   stimulant    and 

carminative,  and  ha-  some  value  a-  an  emmenagogue. 

It  is  useful  in  the  flatulent  colic  of  children.      Its  odor 

i-  extremely  repulsive  to  Ilea.-  and  mosquitoes.     H., 

Ol.  the  volatile  oil.     Dose  Tt\,ij-x.     H.,  Spt.,  unof.,  10 

per  ( 1  nt.  of  the  oil  in  alcohol. 

Hedera  [I.].      A    genus  of  woody  vines. 

H.  helix,  the   true  or   European    Ivy.       It-  wood   is 

used    in    making    issue  peas.      A    decoction   of    the 

has  been  used  as  an  alterative  and  antibecbic. 

are  purgative  and   emetic.        1  he  gum  is 

emetic  and  stimulant,  and  is  useful  in  toothai  he.    I  nof. 

Hederic    Acid   [hed-erf-ik)   [hedera,    European    Ivy]. 

An  acid  derivable  from  the  leave-  of  Hedera  helix,  of 

which  it  shares  thi   medicinal  qualities.     Unof. 


IIKDKRIN 


547 


IIKI.K  (  >R1   BIN 


Hederin  [hed'-er  in)  [hedera,  European  Ivy].  An  in- 
tensely bitter  alkaloid  from  the  seeds  of  //  lera  helix. 
It  is  said  to  be  actively  febrifuge.  (The  gum  of  ivy 
has  also  been  called  hederin?] 

Hedge-hog  Crystals.  Crystals  of  male  of  soda  found 
as  a  urinary  deposit.  The  crystals  are  globular,  with 
spiny  projections,  and  may  cause  severe  vesical  irrita- 
tion. 

Hedge-hyssop  [hej-his*  up).     See  Gratiola. 

Hedonia  {he-do* '-ne-ah)  [fjoovi/,  pleasure].  Abnormal 
cheerfulness  ;  amenomania. 

Hedonism  [hed'-o-nizm)  [fyhvij,  pleasure].  The  pur- 
suit of  pleasure  ;  in  psychic  medicine,  the  unreasoning 
pursuit  of  some  hobby  or  whim. 

Hedrocele  (hed'-ro-sil)  [edpa,  anus;  />/,///,  tumor].  A 
hernia  in  which  the  part  protrudes  through  the  notch 
of  the  ischium.      Also,  prolapsus  of  the  anus. 

Hedrosyrinx  [hed-ro- si' '-rinks)  \jt6pa,  anus;  funda- 
ment;  ovptyi;,  pipe].     Fistula  in  ano. 

Hedwigia  [hed-wif '-e-ah)  [after  Johann  Hedwig\.  A 
genus  of  amarydaceous  trees.  H.  balsamifera.  of 
the  W.  Indies,  affords  a  resin,  not  unlike  copaiba  in 
its  uses.  The  bark  is  antiperiodic,  and  contains  a 
convulsivant  alkaloid,  which  would  appear  to  be  a 
powerful  heart-depressant  and  antithermic. 

Hedyosmon  [hed-e-os' -mon)  [$<K>c,  sweet;  hop.fi,  odor]. 
A  genus  of  tropical  chloranthaceous  trees  and  shrubs. 
H.  arborescens,  a  tree  of  Jamaica,  affords  a  remedy 
for  dyspepsia.  H.  nutans,  a  shrub  of  the  W.  Indies, 
has  leaves  that  are  good  for  headaches. 

Heel  (hll)  [ME.,  heel,  heel].  The  hinder  part  of  the 
foot.      H.-bone.      See    Calcaneum. 

Hegar's  Sign.      See  Signs  and  Symptoms,  Table  of. 

Hegar-Kohrn  Method.      See    Treatment,  Methods  of. 

Heidenhain,  Demilune  Cells  of.  See  Demilune  and 
Crescent  of  Gianuzzi.  H.'s  Method.  See  Stains, 
Table  of.  H.,  Parietal  Cells  of.  See  Delomorphous. 
H,  Rods  of.  See  Rods.  H.'s  Solution.  See  Stains, 
Table  of. 

Heimia  [Ifim'-e-ah)  [after  Ludwig  Heim,  a  German 
botanist].  A  genus  of  lythaceous  shrubs  of  N.  and 
S.  America.  H.  salicifolia  (hanchinol),  found  in 
Texas  and  far  to  the  South,  is  resinous,  antisyphilitic, 
hemostatic,  and  febrifuge.      Unof. 

Heintz's  Method.  A  method  of  estimating  uric  acid 
in  the  urine.  Take  loo  c.c.  of  urine.  Add  to  this 
5  c.c.  of  HC1.  Lay  the  mixture  aside  for  24  hours. 
Collect  the  crystals  on  a  weighed  filter-paper,  wash 
with  dilute  HC1 ;  dry  at  1000  C,  and  weigh.  The 
increase  in  weight  will  give  the  percentage  of  uric 
acid. 

Heisch's  Test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Heister's  or  Heisterian  Valve.  A  fold  of  mucous 
membrane  in  the  cystic  duct  arranged  in  a  spiral. 

Heitzmann's  Theory.  The  theory  that  the  axis-cyl- 
inder of  a  nerve-fiber  is  ordinary  connective  tissue 
modified  for  the  transmission  of  special  impulses. 

Hekistotherm  [hek-is/ -to-therm)   [//kiotoc,  least,  worst; 

(tipi/tj,  heat].       In    biology,  a  plant    that    can    subsist 

with  a  minimum  of  heat,  e.g.,  a  member  of  the  Arctic 

or  Antarctic  flora 

Helcoid     (hel'-koid)     [i'/hoc,    ulcer;     ehhc,    likeness]. 

Resembling  an  ulcer. 
Helcology  (kel-kol' -o-je)  [cIkoc,  ulcer;  ?6yoc,  science]. 

The  pathology  and   treatment  of  ulcers. 
Helcoma   [hel-ko' -mah)  [efacupa,  an  ulcer:  //. ,  Helco- 

matd\.      An  ulcer. 
Helcomenia    [hel-ko-mef -ne-ah)     [eTiicog,    ulcer;    [irjv, 
month].       Vicarious    menstrual    discharge    from    an 
ulcer. 
Helcoplasty   [heV ' -ko-plas-te)    [eX/coc,   ulcer;   kM/toeiv, 
to  shape].      The  treatment  of  ulcers  by  skin-grafting. 


Helcopoiesis   [hel-ko-poi    '  ■.  ulcer;    - 

making].  The  surgical  formation  of  an  issue,  for 
counter-irritation. 

Helcosis  [hel-ko1 '-sis)  \j'/Kuair,  ulceration].  The  forma- 
tion and  development  of  an  ulcer. 

Helcotic  [hel-kot'-ik)  [eA«6»r/«Jc,  pertaining  to  an  ulcer]. 
1  Icerative;  of  the  nature  of  or  accompanied  byulci 
lion. 

Helenin  (hel'-en-in) ,  C6H80.    Alant<  amphor;   Inulol ; 
the  active  principle  of  inula.      It   is  a  faintly  odorous 
and   nearly  tasteless,  volatile  substance,   insoluble  in 
water,  but  soluble  in  ether,  oils,  and  hot   alcohol.      It 
;  germicidal,  and  mmended  for 

use  m  diphth  1  tuberculosis.     Unof. 

Helenium  ■'.  -e'-ne-um)  \fkeviov,  elecampane].  1. 
Same  a-  Inula,  a.  ?■.  2.  A  genus  of  composite  North 
American  herbs.  H.  autumnale,  -nee/,  wort.  H. 
nudiflorum,  and  H.  bolanderi  are  strongly  errhine, 
and   are   sub  I    for    arnica.      H.  puberulum    is 

tonic,  alterative,  and  errhine.  H.  tenuifolium,  of 
the  Gulf  States,  is  said  to  be  a  destructive  cattle- 
poison.     Unof. 

Helianthella  [he-le-an-theV -ah)  \ffhoq,  the  sui 

flower],  \l'/!"i-.i|  North  American  compositi  herbs. 
The  root  of  //.   tenuifolia   is  aromati  ectorant, 

antispasmodic,  and,  in  large  doses,  emetic.  It  is  ol 
reputed  service  in  pulmonary  complaints.  Dose  of 
the  fid.  ext.  ttlv-xxx.      Unof. 

Helianthemum  [he-le-an* -them-um)  \fj~Aioq,  sun  ;  a 
flower].     Frostwort ;  Rock  Rose.     The  herb  H.  cana- 
densi,  astringent,  aromatic,    tonic,  and   alterative.      It 
is  useful  in  diarrhea,  scrofula,  and  secondary  syphilis. 
Dose  of  the  fid.  ext.  rr^v-xx.      L'nof. 

Helianthin  [he-le-an' '-thin)  [','".  tie  sun;  fivfloc,  a 
flower],  CgH4SO,Na,N:N.C6H4N  <  II. 1,  Methyl- 
orange  ;  an  orange-yellow  powder  used  as  a  dye  and 
as  a  test  in  analyses.     See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Helianthus  [he-le-an' -thus)  [//>/oc,  sun  ;  avtiog,  flower]. 
A  genus  of  composite-flowered  plants.  The  sun- 
flower. H.  annuus,  a  commonly  cultivated  specie^, 
affords  highly  useful,  oil-bearing  seeds,  the  seeds  of 
some  varieties  being  also  edible.  H.  tuberosus,  the 
Jerusalem  Artichoke,  has  large  tuberous  roots,  some- 
times eaten  when  cooked  or  pickled.  Several  of  the 
species  are  medicinal. 

Helichrysum  [he-le-kri' '-sum)  [ffltog,  sun;  \i"  ' 
gold].  A  genus  of  old-world  composite  plants.  The 
European  species  (as  H.  arenarium,  H.  stcechas) 
are  aromatic  stimulants,  used  in  domestic  practice. 
Several  South  African  species  (H.  auriculatum,  im- 
bricatum,  nudiflorum,  etc.)  are  used  as  pectoral 
teas. 

Helicin  [heP-is-in),  C,.tH160..  A  glucosid,  produced 
I  j  oxidizing  salicin  with  HN03.  It  dissolves  with 
difficulty  in  water,  crystallizes  in  small  needles,  and 
melts  at  1750  C. 

Helicine  (keP-is-in)  [pu%,  a  spiral].  1.  Tortile,  or 
spiral  in  structure.  2.  Pertaining  to  the  helix.  H. 
Arteries,  arteries  proceeding  from  the  profunda  penis 
branches  of  the  pudic,and  from  the  dorsal  arteries  of 
the  penis.      See  .Arteries,  Table  of. 

Helicogyrate  [hel-ik-o-ji' -rat)  \pul-,  a  spiral;  yvpog,  a 
ring].  In  biology,  having  a  spiral  annulus,  as  the 
spore-cases  in  trichomanes. 

Helicoid  [heP-ik-oid)  \}'/.<z,  a  spiral  ;  dd~oc,  form]. 
Spiral ;  coiled  like  a  snail-shell  or  helix. 

Helicopepsin  [hel-ik-o-pep' -sin)  [>>/5,  a  spirally  coiled 
snail  ;  -  .  digestion].  A  peptic  ferment  found  by 
Krukenbergin  snails. 

Helicorubin  [hel-ik-o-ru' -bin)  [ehd-,  a  spiral,  the  snail; 

.  ruby].      A   pigment  of  certain  invertebrate^ ; 

the  same  as  Hemochromogen  and  Enterohematin,  </.  7: 


HELICOTR1 


IIKMAIIAKi  »\ll    I  Ik 


Helicotrema 

nlea. 

-phalitis  .  -»»  = 

.litis 

ise]. 


H< 


de- 
il  pigment  cell,  as 
lianl  energy  "l  the 

. 

in].     A  sun-bath  ;  a 


,  sun; 

'•     ■  i   '■ 

to  turn]. 

um. 

H     curopaeum  >aid   to  cure  warts 

>tropin  .  the  sun  : 

irnl.      i     Si  2.    A.  poisonous  alkaloid 

•.  a  European  species  of 
I  in  if. 
Heliotro]  ,the  sun  ; 

j    of  a  plant   or 
i    which    it  b  I   or 

unlight. 
itropy  .    the   sun;    rpoirij,  a 

Helix  iil],      rhe  margin  of  the  ex- 

Hellebore,  Black.     -  H.,  White.    Sec 

Helleborein  -       Helleborus. 

Hellebonn  .  hellebore],  C16- 

isid  'it'  Helleborus 
i     is  a  cardiac  and   ner- 
t  inl  See  Hell  borus. 

with 

with  hellebore  ; 

1  by  tii-  chibition 

He'.:-  .  hellebore:  gen., 

I 'lack   hellebore, 

;  It    is    a    drastic 

nd  was  for- 
ty,   dropsy,   and 
in      i  diac 
,  its  action  being 
less  irritation.     H. 
ously.      H. 

Helle- 

bor-  I ,.,.,.    ,rr 

Ointment. 

■ 

nench's  Ointment.  jn    me 

ul 

in 


ntact   with    the    diseased    surface    for   lour   or   five 
h<  mi  -. 

Helmholtz's  Apparatus.  A  galvanometer  consisting 
of  two  equal  and  vertical  coils,  with  a  magnetic  needle 
midwa)  between  them.  H.'s  Ligament.  Sec  Liga- 
ment.    H.'s  Line.     See  Lines,  'J'til'/,-  of. 

Helminth  (>)<■/' -minth)  [eA/uvc,  worm].  A  worm;  an 
intestinal  or  entozoic  worm. 

Helminthagogue  [hel-minth' -ag-og).  See  Anthel- 
min 

Helminthiasis  (hel-min-thif -as-is)  [iX/uvdiav,  to  suffer 
from  worms].  A  condition  marked  by  the  presence 
of  parasites  in  the  body,  especially  intestinal  worm-. 
Also,  a  disorder  or  lesion  caused  bj  worms. 

Helminthicide  (hel-minth' -is-id)  [i'/iurc,  a  worm; 
cadere,  to  kill].      See   Vermicide. 

Helminthics   Uiel-min'-thiks).     See  Anthelmintics. 

Helminthochorton  (hel-min-tho-kor/-ton)  [t/./i/rf,  a 
worm;    ^dproq,  grass].     Sec  Corsxcan  Mass. 

Helminthoid  [hel-min'  -thoid)  [t'/utvq,  a  worm  ;  ehfor, 
likeness],     shaped  like  a  worm. 

Helminthology  (hel-min-thol' -o-je)  [e\/uv£,  a  worm; 
Myog,  science].  A  treatise  on  worms,,  especially 
tho>e  parasitic  within  the  body. 

Helminthoma  (hcl-min-fhot-m&h)  [cA/mvc,  a  worm; 
ofia,  a  tumor:  />/. ,  Helminthomatd\.  A  tumor 
caused  by  the  presence  of  a  parasitic  worm.  See 
Bui  aw  Boil  and  Guinea-worm. 

Helminthoncus  lhel-minth-ong/-kus)  [eA/wvc,  a  worm; 
,  a  tumor].      An  old  term  for  a  parasitic  skin-dis- 
ease. 

Helminthophobia  (hel-»iin-/ho-fo'-be-aJi)  [I'/unc 
(kXfiivd-),a.  worm;  <j>6($og,  fear].  A  nervous  state 
produced  by  the  presence  or  thought  of  parasitic- 
won  1 1  - . 

Helminthous  {hel-min' '-thus)  [efywvc,  a  worm]. 
W<  irmy. 

Helocerous  (/ie-los' '-er-tt>)  \Jj7.or,  a  nail;  nlpag,  horn]. 
In  biology,  having  capitate  antennae. 

Heloderma  {he-lo-der'-mah)  [///<«',  wart  ;  fiip/ia,  skin]. 
A  genus  of  lizard-.  H.  horridum,  of  Mexico,  and 
H.  suspectum.of  Arizona  (called  Gila  Monster), art 
said  to  be  the  only  known  species  of  venomous  lizards. 

Helodermatous  (hr-lo  iL-r'-ma'-us)  [r/'/or,  a  nail,  wart  ; 
tua,  skin].      In    biology,  having   a   warty  or  tuber- 
culous skin. 

Helodes  [he-lo'-dii)  [>'/«<•,  a  swamp].  Swampy,  or 
marshy.  Also,  a  fever  attended  with  profuse  sweat- 
ing.    A  I-.,,  marsh-fever. 

Helonias  [hel-o' '-ne-as)  \J'm,  a  marsh].  A  genus  of 
monocotyledonous  plants.  H.  dioica.  See  Chatna- 
lirion. 

Helonin  {hel-of-nin)  \Duog,  a  marsh].  A  crude  precip- 
itate from  the  tincture  of  Chamcelirion  carolinianum. 
It  i-  prescribed  for  uterine  affections,  ami  is  tonic  and 
diuretic.  Caution  should  be  observed  in  its  use. 
Dose,  gr.  ij-iv.      Unof. 

Helopyra  {hel-op* '-e-rah)  [eAof,  marsh  ;  77171,  fever]. 
Malarial  fever. 

Helosis  (hel-o/-sis)  ['/>«<•,  nail,  bract].  1.  A  genus  of 
tropical  American  plants.  H.  brasiliensis,  cayen- 
nensis,  and  iamaicensis,  are  styptic  and  vulnerary 
I  nof.  2.  An  old  name  for  inversion  of 
the  eyelids;  strabismus;  eye-spasm;  plica  polonica; 
the  term  is  now  seldom  employed. 

Helvetia   Green.     See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Helvolous  (us)      [dim.     of     helvus,     yellow]. 

I  awnj .  "i  reddish-yellow. 

Helweg,  Triangular  Tract  of.  A  tract  that  appears 
either  in  juxtaposition  with,  or  as  the  most  ventral  part 
of,  the  ventre  lateral   tra<  t  of  the  spinal  cord. 

Hemabarometer    {hem-ab-ar-omf-et-er)    [u'uhi,  blood  ; 


IIKM.V   II  [Nl  ISIS 


.1!) 


HEM  \  I  HERMi 


■in, a  i,  heavy;  utrpov,  measure],  A  contrivance  for 
the  approximate  determination  of  the  specific  gravity 
of  the  blood. 

Hemacelinosis  [hem-as-el-en-of -sis)  [«/««, blood;  Kr/kiq, 
spot;  vdaoq,  disease].  A  synonym  of  the  disease, 
Purpura . 

Hemachroin  [hem-ak-ro' '-in)  [alpa,  blood;  ),'""'• 
color].     Same  as  Hematosin. 

Hemachrome  [hem'-ak-rom)  [a)  mi,  blood;  %pibpa, 
color].      The   coloring  matter  of  the    blood:    hemalin. 

Hemachrosis  [hem-ak-ro' -sis)  [alpa,  blood;  \.iuaiq, 
coloring],  i.  Redness  of  the  blood.  -'.  Any  disease 
in  which  the  blood  is  abnormally  colon  d 

Kemacyanin   [hem-as-i' '-an-iri)    [alpa,    blood;    km 
blue].      A    blue    coloring-matter    found    in    the    blood 
and  the  bile. 

Hemacytometer  [Sem-as-i-tom'-et-er).  See  Hemacytom- 
eter. 

Hemad  [hem'-ad)  [mmi,  blood].  I.  Toward  the 
hemal  aspect ;  opposed  to  neurad.  2.  A  blood  cell  or 
blood  corpuscle. 

Hemadonosos  [hem-ad-on* '-o-sos)  [alpag,  blood  stream; 
vdaog,  disease].  A  disease  of  the  blood  or  of  the 
blood-vessels. 

Hemadostenosis  [hem-ad-o-ste-no'-sis)  [aludg,  blood- 
stream; orevdc,  narrow].  Stricture  or  narrowing  of 
a  blood-vessel. 

Hemadosteosis  [hem  ad-os-te-of -sis)  [alpag,  blood- 
stream; bariov,  bone].  Ossification  or  calcification 
of  blood-vessels. 

Hemadrometer  [hem-ad-rom'-et-er).  See  Hemadro- 
mometer. 

Heinadrometry  [hem  ad-rom'-et-re).  See  Hemadro- 
mametry. 

Hemadromograph  [hem-ad-rom* -o-graf)  [alpa,  blood  ; 
fipouoq,  course  ;  ypaQeiv,  to  write].  An  instrument  for 
registering  changes  in  the  velocity  of  the  blood-stream. 

Hemadromometer  [hem-ad-ro  mom'-et-er)  [aipa, 
blood;  fipouoc,  course  ;  perpov,  measure].  A  device 
for  measuring  the  velocity  of  the  blood-current. 

Hemadromometry  [hem-ad-rd-mom* -et-re)  [a)pa,  blood; 
dpdpoq,  course;  utrpov,  measure].  Measurement  of 
the  speed  of  the  blood-current. 

Hemadynamics  [hem-ad-i-nam'-iks)  [alpa,  blood; 
Svvapiq,  power].     I  >ynamics  of  the  blood-current. 

Hemadynamometer  (Jiem-ad-i-nam-om'-et-er)  [alpa, 
blood;  6'vvapig,  strength;  pirpov,  a  measure].  A 
contrivance  for  measuring  the  tension  or  pressure  of 
blood  within  the  arteries.  Careful  experiments  show- 
that,  in  man,  the  pressure  of  blood  in  the  carotid 
artery  is  equal  to  about  that  of  six  inches  of  mercury. 

Hemafecai  [hem-af-e'-  kal)  [alpa,  blood  ;  fcex,  dregs]. 
Characterized  by  bloody  stools.  H.  Jaundice.  See 
Jaundice. 

Hemagogue  [hem'-ag-og)  [alpa,  blood  ;  ayay6g,  lead- 
ing]. 1.  Promoting  the  menstrual  or  hemorrhoidal 
discharge  of  blood.  2.  An  agent  that  promotes  the 
catamenial  or  hemorrhoidal  flow  of  blood. 

Hemahysteria  [hem-a-his-tc' '-re-ah)  [alpa,  blood; 
voripa,  uterus].      Synonym  of  Menorrhagia. 

Hemal  (hem'-al)  [alpa,  blood].  I.  Pertaining  to  the 
blood  or  the  vascular  system.      2.    See  /  'entral. 

Hemaleucin  [hem-al-oo1 '-sin)  [alpa,  blood;  "kevn6g, 
white].  Fibrin  ;  the  white  portion  of  a  washed  blood- 
clot. 

Hemaleukosis  [hem-al-oo-ko' -sis)  [alpa,  blood;  %evn6g, 
white].      The  formation  of  the  buffy  coat  of  a  clot. 

Hemalopia  [hem-al-o' '-pe-ah)  [alpa,  blood  ;  tty,  the 
eye].      Effusion  of  blood  in  the  eye;   erythropsia. 

Hemameba    [hem-am-e' '-bah)    [alpa,  blood ;   ex- 
change].     A  white   blood-cell    so  called    from   its   re- 
semblance to  an  ameba. 


Hemangioma  [hem-an-je-o1 '-mah)    [aiua,  blood; 

a, v,  vr,-. ■]  ;   i,i/i i,   a  tumor:  //. ,  Hemangiomata\. 
angioma   made    up   of  blood-vessels,  as    distinguished 
from  lymphangioma. 

Hemanthin  [hem-an' '-thin)  [alpa,  blood;  avdog,  a  flow- 
er]. An  alkaloid  from  Hemanthu  u  .  it  is 
poisonous,  with  ih'-  general  properties  "i  atropin. 

Hemanthus  [hem-an' -thus)   [alpa,  blocd;   avftog,  I 
er].     A    genus    of    amaryllidaceous    plants;     bl 
(lower.      H.  coccineus,  of  S.  Africa,  affords  an  arrow- 
poison, with  i  ral  properties  of  atropin.   The  plant 
is  a  diuretic  and  cardiant.     It  affords  hemanthin.   I  nof. 

Hemaphein  ■'  in)  [alpa,  bloo  .  dusky], 

A  brown   coloring-matter  from    blood,  regarded  as  a 
decom]  roduct  of  hematin ;  it  is  probably  the 

same  as  urohematin. 

Hemaphobia  (hem-af-o'-be-ah).      See  Hematophobia. 

Hemapoiesis  (hem-ap-oi-e'-sis).     See  Hematopoiesis., 

Hemapoietic  [hem-ap-oi-et'-ik).     See  Hematopoietic. 

Hemapophysis  (//  m-up-off'-is-is)  [alpa,  blood  ;   a 
veiv,  to  put   forth].      That  part  of  an  ideal   or  perfect 
vertebra   which    forms   the    antero  lateral    part  of   the 
hemal   arch.     In  man,  all  the  hemapophyses  are  either 
cartilaginous  or  detached. 

Hemaporia  [hem-ap-o' -re-ah)  [alpa,  blood;  u-npin, 
distress].      Any  disorder  of  the  blood,  e.g.  anemia. 

Hemarthron,  Hemarthros  [hem-ar'-thron,  hem-ar'- 
thros)  [alpa,  blood  ;  joint].     Effusion  of  blood 

into  the  synovial  sac  of  a  joint. 

Hemarthrosis  [hem-ar-throf-sis)  [alpa,  blood  ;  apduaiq, 
a  joint].      Effusion  of  blood  into  a  joint. 

Hemastatic  [hem-as-tat'-ik).     See  Hemostatic. 

Hemastatics  [hem-as-tat'-iks)  [alpa,  blood  ;  arariKog, 
standing].  That  branch  of  physiology  treating  of  the 
laws  of  the  equilibrium  of  the  blood. 

Hemasthenosis  [hem-as-then-of -sis)  [alpa,  blood  ; 
aadeveia,  weakness].  A  weakening  or  deterioration  of 
the  blood. 

Hematachometer  [Inm-at-ak-om' -et-er).  See  Hemo- 
tachometer. 

Hematangionosus       [hem-at-an-je-on'-o  [aiua, 

blood;    ayyelov,  vessel ;   voaog,  disease].    Any  disease 
of  the  blood- vessrl- 

Hematangiosis  [hem-at-an-je-of -sis)  [aiua,  blood ; 
ayyelov,  vessel].      Any  disease  of  the  blood-vessels. 

Hemataporia  [hem-at-ap-o' -re-ah).     See  Hemaporia. 

Hematapostasis  [hem-at-ap-os' -tas-is)  [alpa,  blood  ; 
airSaraaig,  a  standing  away  from].  Unequal  distribu- 
tion or  pressure  of  blood,  with  congestion  or  effusion 
in  sonic  part  of  the  body. 

Hematapostema  [hem-at-ap-os-te' -mah)  [alpa,  blood; 
a-oarr/ua,  abscess  :  //. ,  Hemapostemata\  An  abscess 
containing  extravasated  blood. 

Hemataria  [hem-at-a* -re-ah)  [alpa,  blood].  The  so- 
called  blood-animals. 

Hetr.atedema(//r'«-((/-i'-(//-W(7/;)  [alpa, bl I  ;      St] pa, 

a  swelling].      Swelling  due  to  the  effusion  of  blood. 

Hematein  [hem-at-e1 -in)  [alpa,  blood],  C18H1206.  A 
crystalline  principle  derivable  from,  and  reconvertible 
into,  hematoxylin. 

Hemateleum  [hem-at-el-e'-um)  [aiua,  blood;  eXaiov, 
oil].  A  yellow  or  brownish  oily  fluid  obtained  by 
the  dry  distillation  of  blood. 

Hematemesis  [hem-at-em'-cs-is)  [alpa,  blood ;  epieiv, 
to  vomit].  The  vomiting  of  blood  from  any  cause. 
It  may  be  due  to  general  or  constitutional  pathologic 
conditions,  or  to  local  conditions. 

Hematencephalon  [hem-at-en-sef'-al-on)  [ahta,  blood; 
■•';••■■  .  train].      A  hemorrhage  or  bleeding  within 

the  brain  ;   cerebral  apoplexy. 

Hemathermous  (Aem-alh-er'-mus)  [alpa,  blood; 
Oeppbg,  hot].       Having  warm  blood. 


HIM  MIHI'K' 


;.:>< > 


I  li:\lA'lt  HiKAl'l  IV 


Hemathidro 

ition  of 
ids, 

m  a 

ic  number  or  pr< 

vtometer 

I ; 
\  noglobin 

.  I  nit 

and  metallic 

tin.      Ii   i-  .1  very  -table 

■  li.il,    ether, 

ly  in    dilute 

. 

m  for  H 

Hcmatinic  1].     i.  Relating 

irtion  of 

nt,  such   as   iron, 

i  hematin  or 

'.ometer  -  ime      as 

He  blood;  m 

also  Hema- 

Hemato-  -     ,  Mood].      A  prefix 

Hematobiou  .;.    blood;    0iog, 

Hematobium  um)    [aifta,    blood;     Hog, 

I-   A  2.   A  blood  parasite. 

Hematoblast  .  hi I;    \/<,- 

rudimentary  or  immature  red 

Hematocaus:  .  blood  ;  mieiv, 

□  "I"  certain  elements 

Hematocele  [a'unt,    blood;    id/Turf,    a 

ivasation  and 

H.,  Pelvic,  an  effusion 

tally  due  to  rupture  of 

tra  uterine  pi 

rupture  of  an  ovary, 

i   nl  ;    n   ma)   follow 

g  through  the   Fallo- 

tion    of  the 

bl i      rir. 

Is  a 

"er:  ■.  blood  ;   KoOua, 

ritoneal 

tumoi    thai 


Hematochezia(//<-w -.7/- <'-&•'-:<•-// //N[«b/e,  blood;  fifetv, 
to  defecate].     The  passage  of  hemorrhagic  >tools. 

Hematochrosis  {Jiem-at-o-kro' -sis)  [aifta, blood;  {paaig, 
coloring:  pi.,  Hemalochroses\     i.   Any  disease  char- 
1  by  discoloration  of  the  skin.     i.    A  discolor- 
ation ol  the  skin. 

Hematochyluria  [hem-ai '-o-ki-lu' '-re-ah\   [aifta,  blood; 
.  chyle;  ovpov,  urine].     The  presence  of  blond 
i    chylous   material    in    the   urine.       It  is  usually  an 
intermittent  condition. 

Hematocolpos  (  kol'-pos)  [aifta,  blood ;  kS) 

vagina].  Hemorrhage  into  the  vagina.  Also  a 
collection  of  menstrual  discharge  within  the  vagina, 
due  i"  atresia  or  imperforate  hymen. 

Hematocrit  {hemf-at-o-krit)[aifta, blood;  Kpirijg,  judge; 
,   to   separate,    to   judge].     An   instrument   fur 
making  volumetric  estimation  of  the  blood  by  sepa- 
rating by  centrifugal  action   the  corpuscles  from  the 

am  \  volume  nl  blood  and  one  of  Miilli 
liquid  (to  prevent  coagulation)  are  placed  together  in 
:i  nf  two  small,  thick-walled  glass  tubes,  gradu- 
ated in  fifty  parts.  The  tubes  re^t  on  brass  holders 
which  are  fixed  on  the  axes  of  a  revolving  apparatus. 
After  some  eight  thousand  revolutions  in  from  live 
to  seven  minutes,  the  process  is  complete.  Tin 
corpuscles  and  the  salt-plasma  are  separated  by  a 
narrow  hand  of  leukocytes.  The  instrument  is  useful 
in  comparing  the  blood  of  different  individuals. 
With  a  little  practice  the  total  error  is  not  more 
than  one  per  cent. 

Hematocryal  [hem-at-ok? -re-al)  [ai/ia,  blood  ;  Kpvot ■, 
cold].  In  biology,  of  or  pertaining  to  the  cold- 
blooded invertebrates. 

Hematocrystallin  [hem-al-o-krisr -tal-in).  Same  as 
Hemoglobin. 

Hematocyanosis  [hem-at-o-si-an-o'  -sis).  Synonym  of 
Cyanosis. 

Hematocyst  [hemf  -at-o-sist)  [aifta,  blood  ;  icfarnc, 
bladder].  A  cyst  containing  blood.  Also  an  effu- 
sion of  blood  into  the  bladder. 

Hematocyte  [hemf -at-o-slf)  [<////</,  blood  ;  Kims,  cell]. 
A  blood-corpuscle. 

Hematocythuria  (hem-at-o-si-tku'-re-ah)  [aifta,  blood  ; 
tcbrog,  cell  ;  obpov,  urine].  The  presence  of  blood- 
cells  in  the  urine. 

Hematocytometer  [hem-at-o-si-tomf-et-er).  See  Hema- 
cytometer. 

Hematodes       {hem-at-o'  [alftar&d'jfg,      bloody]. 

IH ly  ;   gorged  with  or  appearii%^  like  blood. 

Hematodiarrhea  {hem-at-o-di-ar-e/-ak).  Synonym  of 
/>:     ntery. 

Hematodynamics  {hem-at-o-di-nam'-iks).  See  Hemo- 
dynamics. 

Hematodynamometer  [hem-at-o-di-nam-om' '-et-er\. 
><t-  II  madynamometer . 

Hematodyscrasia  (kem-al-o-dis-kra'-se-ah)  [ai/ia, 
blood;  fivoKpaaia,  bad  temperament],  A  diseased  or 
dyscrasic  state  of  the  blood. 

Hematogenesis     {hem-at-o-jen1 '-es-is)      [an/a,    blood  ; 
.   production].      Tin-    development    of  blood    or 

of  blood-corpuscles;  the  making  of  blood. 
Hematogenic  [hem-at-o-jen'  ik)    [difia,  blood  ;   yewav, 

to  produce].      Pertaining  to  the  formation  of  blood. 
Hematogenous  [hem-at-oj' -en  us )  \  aifta,  blood  ;  yei 

producing].      Derived  from,  or  having  origin   in,  the 

blood 

Hematoglobin  (kem-at-o-glor -bin) .    See  Hemoglobin. 

Hematoglobulin  [hem-at-o-globf -u-liri).  Same  as 
II  moglobin. 

Hematography  {hem-at-ogf -ra-fe)[a\fui,  blood ;  ypafyeiv, 
to  write].  A  description  of  tin-  blood  ;  hemat- 
ology. 


HEMATOHIDROS1S 


551 


III   MA'lul'okl'IIVKIX 


Hematoidin  Crystals. 


Hematohidrosis  (hem-at-o-hid-ro'-sis).     See  Hematid- 

rosis. 

Hematoid  (hem'-at-oid)  [alfia,  blood;  tlSog,  form]. 
Resembling  blood. 

Hematoidin     (hcmatoi'-din)     [alua,     blood  ;     fl^or, 
resemblance],       <  ,,; 
H,8N2<  >;.      A  deriva- 
tive   of   hemoglobin, 
identical  with  biliru- 
bin, the  pigment   of 
the    bile.      It    o 
as  reddish  or  orange 
rhombohedral     crys- 
tals.in  old  blood-clots, 
a>  of  cerebral  hemor- 
rhages,   i  n    corpora 
lutea,     and     in     the 
urine  of  hematuria. 

Hematoin   (hem-at-of -in) .     Same  as  Hematoporphyrin. 

Hematokrit  (hem* -at-o-krit  i.      See  Hematocrit. 

Hematolin  (hem-af -o-lin)  [alfia,  blood],  < -',,„!  I7„Nr8Or 
An  iron-free  derivative  of  hematin. 

Hematology     (hem-at-oP -o-je)     [<uua,    blood;     / 
science].     The  science  of  the  blood,  its  nature,  func- 
tions, and  disorders. 

Hematolysis  (hem-at-oP -is-is)  [alfia,  blood;  Mxrig,  a 
solution].  A  solution,  or  an  imperfect  coagulation,  of 
the  blood  ;  diminished  coagulability  of  the  blood  ;  a 
diseased  condition  marked  by  destruction  of  the  cor- 
puscular constituents  of  the  blood;  impoverishment  of 
the  blood. 

Hematolytic  (hem-at-o-lit' '-ik)  [alfia,  blood  ;  /i mg,  a 
solution].  Marked  by  or  tending  to  impoverishment 
of  the  blood. 

Hematoma  (hem-at-o' '-ma/i)  [«)wa,  blood;  bfia,  tumor: 
pi. ,  Hematomatd\.  A  tumor,  fungus,  or  swelling 
containing  blood.  H.  auris,  Insane  Ear;  an  effu- 
sion of  blood  or  serum  between  the  cartilage  of  the 
ear  and  its  covering,  occurring  in  various  forms  of 
insanity.  It  may  be  either  acute  or  chronic,  if  the 
former  reaching  the  size  of  a  pigeon's  egg  in  a  day  or 
two.  It  is  an  elastic  tumor,  generally  painless,  with 
some  local  heat.  It  may  suppurate  and  burst,  or  may 
shrivel  up,  in  either  case  leaving  considerable  defor- 
mity. In  the  majority  of  cases  the  left  ear  is  involved, 
and  the  condition  occurs  most  frequently  among  men. 
H.  of  the  Dura  mater,  an  effusion  beneath  the  dura 
mater,  forming  membranous  sheets.  H.,  Pelvic,  an 
effusion  of  blood  into  the  cellular  tissue  of  the  pelvis  ; 
it  is  frequently  due  to  traumatism,  or  occurs  as  a 
complication  of  pregnancy  and  the  puerperal  state. 
from  rupture  of  dilated  veins;  it  is  often  the  result 
of  rupture  of  an  extra-uterine  pregnancy. 

Hematomantia  (hem-at-o-man'-she-ah)  [alfia,  blood  ; 
inn-:  in,  divination].  The  arriving  at  a  diagnosis 
from  .examination  of  the  blood. 

Hematomatous  [hem-at-o* '-mat-us)  [alfia,  blood;  dim, 
a  tumor] .  kelating  to  or  of  the  nature  of  a  hema- 
toma. 

Hematomediastinum  (hem* -at-o-me-de-as-tP -num) 
[alfia,  blood;  mediastinum,  the  mediastinum].  An 
effusion  of  blood  or  bloody  serum  into  the  mediastinal 
cavities. 

Hematometer  (hem-at-om' -et-er) .  See  Hemoglobino- 
meter. 

Hematometra  (hem-at-o-mef -trah)  [alfia,  blood;  ur'/rpn, 
womb].  Hemorrhage  in  the  womb.  Also,  an  accu- 
mulation of  menstrual  discbarge  within  the  uterine 
cavity,  as  a  result  of  obstruction 

Hematometry  (hem-at-om' -et-re)  \<uim ,  blood;  fierpov, 
measure].  The  measurement,  or  estimation  of  the 
measure,  of  the  blood. 


Hematomonas  (hem  ■at-o-mof-na  |  [alua,  blood ;  /. 

a  unit].     A  grim,  of  microso  infesting 

the  blood.      See    /  u    and  Plasmodium. 

Hematomphalocele  (hem-at-om-faP -o-sil\  [«!««, 
blood;  bfi<ba'A6q,  navel ;  '»/////,  tumor].  A  tumor  or 
a  hernia  at  the  navel,  distended  with  blood. 

Hematomyces  (hem-at-om' -is-iz)  [alfia,  blood  ;    uvkjk, 
a  fungus],     A  hematoid  variet)  of  encephaloid  < 
noma  ;   medullary  sarcoma.     It  h  called,  also,  In, 
hematodes. 

Hematomyelia  (hem-at-o-mi-e' -le-ah)  [alfia,  blood; 
.  marrow].  Hemorrhage  into  tin-  spinal  cord; 
an  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  central  canal  of  the 
spinal  cord  rhe  symptoms  vary  with  the  seat,  but 
paralyses,  vaso-motor  and  trophic  changes,  loss  of 
scn-,ation,  eti  , ,  are  <  ommon. 

Hematomyelitis  (hem-at-o-mi-el-P -lis)  [(nun,  blood; 
i/i!/in\  marrow;  i~i<  ,  inflammation].  An  acute 
myelitis  attended  with  an  effusion  of  blood  into  the 
spinal  <  <  ird, 

Hematoncus   (hem-at-ong'-ku  )   [alfta,    blood  ;     <'- 
tumor].       Blood-tumor;    hemangioma;    hematoma. 

Hematopathy  (hem-at-op' '-ath       j  lod;     -iiOoq, 

disease].     Any  disease  of  the  blood. 

Hematopedesis  (hem-at-o-ped-ef -sis)  [alfia,  blood; 
nSfdrfaig,  a  leaping] .  Cutaneous  hemorrhage;  hemat- 
idrosis. 

Hematopericardium  (hem-at-o-per-ik-ar'-de-um)[diua, 
blood;  irepiKapdiov,  pericardium].  An  effusion  of 
blood  into  the  pericardium,  dm-  to  rupture  or  perfora- 
tion of  the  walls  of  the  heart. 

Hematophagous  (hem-at-o ff'-ag-us)  [alfia,  blood; 
<payelv,  to  eat],  klood-eating  :  p<  rtaining  to  insects, 
such  as  the  gnat,  mosquito,  etc.,  that  suck  the  blood. 

Hematophilia  (kem-at-o-fil'-e-ah).     See   Hemophilia. 

Hematophobia     (hem-ai  [oh/a,     blood; 

of,  fear].      Morbid  dread  of  the  sight  of  blood. 

Hematophore  (hem' -at-o-for)  [alfia,  blood  ;  (pepeiv,  to 
bear].  An  instrument  used  in  the  transfusion  of 
blood. 

Hematophthalmia  (hem-at-off-thaP -me-ah).  See  Hem- 
ophthalmia. 

Hematophyte  (hem' -at-o-fit)  [alua,  blood;  <fnrr6v, 
a  plant],  A  vegetable  organism,  such  as  a  bacillus, 
living  in  the  blood. 

Hematopinax  (hem-at-op' -in-ahs)  [alfia,  blood  ;  irivag, 
tablet:  pi,  Hematopinaces\     A  blood-plaque. 

Hematopisis  (hem-at-op1 '-is-is)  [alfia,  blood;  triveiv,  to 
drink].  I.  The  drinking  of  blood.  2.  A  morbid 
collection  of  blood  in  any  cavity  of  the  body. 

Hematopisy  (hem-at-op' -is-e).      See  PAmalopisis. 

Hematoplanesis  (hem-at-o-plan-ef -sis)  [atua,  blood ; 
-/'ii7,rr/r,  wandering].      See  Hematoplania. 

Hematoplania  (hem-at-o-pla' -ne-ah)  [alfia,  blood; 
ir/Xdvj),  a  wandering].  Vicarious  or  aberrant  course 
or  flow  of  the  blood 

Hematoplasma  (hem-at-o-plaz'-mah)  [alfia,  blood; 
-'/iinuii,  plasma].      The  plasma  of  the  blood. 

Hematoplast  (hemf -at-o-plast).      Same  as  Hematoblast. 

Hematoplastic  (kem-at-o-plas'-tik)  [alfia,  blood  ; 
-        -        .  plastic].      Hlood-forming. 

Hematoplethora  (hem-at-o-pleth' -or-ah).  Synonym  o( 
Plethora. 

Hematopoiesis  (hem-at-o-poi-e'-sis)  [alfia,  blood; 
woikeiv,  to  make].  The  making  of  blood.  See 
Hematosis. 

Hematopoietic      (hem-at-o-poi-eP -ik)     [alua,     blood; 
.  to  make],      keiating  to  or  forwarding  the  pro- 
cesses of  blood-making. 

Hematoporphyrin  (hem-at-o-por1 '-fe-rin)  [alfia,  blood; 

urple],     Cfi8HT4N80,j.      Iron-free  hematin. 

a  metabolitic    decomposition-product  of   hemoglobin. 


>RPH\  RINURIA 


111  MIALBUMIN(  »SE 


It  atl' 

He:  pbyrinuria 

■ 

less 
•iiinl 

He: 

therapeutic  n 
unctival 

al. 
;  discharge  of  blood  ; 

ie  blood. 
.    blood  ;      ■■■.  cus,  a 

Her:  [nhin,    bl 

A  hemorrhagic  distention  or  ob- 

■ 

Hematoscheoce'.c  I  ,  bl I; 

tumor],    A  hemorrhagic  tumor 
lum. 
Hematoscopr  ,'•••.■,/,  blood;    okoti 

A  form  of,  <>r  an  attachment  to, 

in  examination  of  Mood. 

Hematoscopy  ,1.! 1;   mum 

imination  of  tin-  blood 

Hemato-c  iod].     Full  of  blood. 

Hemato-  -  mia. 

Hematos:.  Hematin. 

,  Mood],     i. 

relation  of   blood  and  the  de- 
2    The  arterializa- 

atospectroscope  [al/ia, 

tudy  of    tln> 

'  "■■■  <  i  i   [al/ia,  blood  ; 

.  semen. 
Hcmatospongu^  M [. 

S(  e  Hemothot 

ned  or  impure  condi- 

Het:  blood; 

is   principle 

'or, 
"I  ; 

n    in 

H., 

i  hema- 

atoxylo- 


wood].      1  ogwood.      The  heart  wood   of   //.  eatnpe- 

.  ■.'  .■  ii  on  in-  a-  (lark  brown  raspings  or  a  coarse 
powder,  and  contains  tannic  acid  and  a  coloring-prin- 
ciple, •'.  ■•■'.  '  16HU06,  that  becomes  grayish-red 
the  action  of  light.      It  is  a  mild  astringent.     H., 
t.  Dose  gr.  «  H.,  Decoctum,  strength   i  to 
17.      I  lose  ^j-ij.      L'nof. 
Hematozoic   \lum-at-o-zo' -ik)  [ai/ia,  blood;    £Qov,   an 

animal].      Pertaining  to  a  hematozodn. 
Hematozobn    [hem-at-o-zof-on\  [alfia,    blood;     „i. ,,,, 
animal:    pi. ,  Hematozoa"].     Any  living   organism   or 
animal  in  tile  blood. 
Hematozymotic    [kem-at-o-zi-moP -ik)    [alfia,    blood; 
■  ',,  leaven].     Relating   to   a  blood-ferment,  or  to 
fermentation  in  tin-  blood  of  a  living  organism. 
Hematuresis    {hem-at-u-re'-sis)   [alfia,    blood;    oipov, 
urine].       The  passage  of  bloody  urine. 

Hematuria  [heni-at-uf-re-ah)  \a\[ia,  blood  ;  ovpov, 
urine].  Hematuresis.  Blood  in  the  urine.  It  may  be 
due  to  injur\'.  local  disease,  general  disorder,  or  the 
e  ol  entozoa.  When  only  the  coloring-matter 
ol  the  blood  is  found  in  the  urine,  it  is  termed  hetno- 
binuria  or  hematinuria.  The  color  of  the  urine 
in  hematuria  vane,  from  bright  red  to  a  dingy,  smoky 
color,  or  to  merely  a  tinging  of  the  urine.  The  urine 
may  lie  examined  for  blood-corpuscles  by  means  of  the 
microscope;  the  presence  of  blood  maybe  demon 
strated  by  the  spectroscope.  A/men's,  or  the  guai- 
,i ■uni  test,  or  Heller's  test  maybe  made.  See  Vests, 
Table  of.  H.,  Intermittent,  that  form  due  to 
malaria]  poisoning.  H.,  Paroxysmal.  Same  as 
//. ,  Intermittt  /it. 

Hemautogram  {hem-aw/-to-gram\  [aiua,  blood  ;  avr6  , 
self;  ;i>'!iiiiii,  a  tracing].  The  tracing  made  in  hem- 
autography. 

Hemautogxaph  [hem-avZ-to-graf).  Same  as  Hem- 
autogram. 

Hemautography  [hem-aw-tog' -ra-fe)  [ai/ia,  blood  ; 
avrSg,  self;  ypatpeiv,  to  write].  The  tracing  of  the 
pulse-curve  by  the  jet  of  blood  from  a  divided  artery 
caught  upon  paper  drawn  in  front  of  it. 

Hemeralopia    (hem-er-al-o1 '-pe-afi)     [)'/ulpa,  day; 
eye].     Day-vision  or  night-blindness;  a  symptom  of 
pigmentary    degeneration    of    the    retina,    failure    of 
general    nutrition,  etc.      Vision    is  good  by  day  or   in 
a  strong  light,  but  fails  at  night.     See  also  Nyctalopia. 

Hemeraphonia  (kem-er-af-o'-ne-ah)  [tfuipa,  day;  d, 
priv.;  on/7,,  voice].  Loss  of  voice  during  the  day, 
with  return  of  the  power  of  phonation  at  night. 

Hemerythrin  [hem-err -ith-rin)  [ai/ia,  blood;  hpvOpdg, 
red].  The  pigment  found  by  Krukenberg  in  the 
blood  of  Sipunculus  audits. 

Hemerythrogen     [hem-er-ith'-.ro-gen)     \aifia,    blood; 
.  red;    ,      '   .  producing].     The  chromogen  of 
hemerythrin. 

Hemi-  (hem'-e-)  [>/"',  half].  A  prefix,  meaning  one- 
half.  In  anatomy  and  ph\  iologj  it  is  applied  to  one  ol 
the  two  lateral  halves  of  the  body. 

Hemiablepsiaf/vwv •ab-lep'-se  ah)  [$/u,  half;  d  i/ 1 
blindness].     See  Hemianopsia. 

Hemiacephalus  {hem-e-ah-seff-al-us)  [)/"',  half;  ii, 
priv.  ;  KE0aMj,  head].  A  variety  of  omphalositic 
monsters  of  the  species  Paracephalus.  It  is  the 
lowest  grade  of  development  in  paracephalus,  closely 
approaching  true  acephalus. 

Hemiachromatopsia  \hem-e-ah-kro-mat-op,-se-aK)\ii\u, 
half ;  a,  priv. ;  ypupa,  color ;  orjjig,  vision].  Subnormal 
"i  absent  color-vision  in  corresponding  halves  of  the 
held  of  vision. 

Hemialbumin  [Aem-e-aH-bu-min).    See  Anti-albumin, 

Hemialbuminose  [kem-e-al-bu'-min-os).  The  same  as 
Hemialbum 


HEMIALBl  MOSE 


')■>'■) 


JI1..\1II1\  PERESTHESIA 


Hemialbumose  (hem-e-aH-bu-mbs)  ['/'",  half;  albu- 
men, the  white  of  egg].  The  most  characteristii  and 
most  frequently  obtained  by-product  of  proteid  /.sun. 
lysis.  It  is  the  Forerunner  ol  hemipeptone.  It  is 
frequently  found  in  the  urine,  ami  oi  i  urs  normally  in 
the  marrow  of  bones  and  in  cerebro  spinal  lluid.  See 
Peptones. 

Hemialbumosuria  [hem-e-al-bu-mos-u* '-ri  ah).  Same 
as  Propeptonuria. 

Hemialgia  [hem-e-al' -je-ah)  [/}'»,  half;  aXyog,  pain]. 
Unilateral  neuralgia. 

Hemianalgesia  {kem-e-an-al-je/-se-ak\  [///",  half;  av 
priv.  ;  aXyog,  pain].  Insensibility  to  pain  throughout 
one  lateral  half  of  the  body  and  liml>>. 

Hemianasarca  [hem-e-an-as-ar1 -kah)  [//«/,  half;  avd, 
through  ;  oap^,  flesh].    Edema  of  one-half  of  the  hods . 

Hemianesthesia  [kem-e-an-es-the  z,-'-ah)  [i/iu,  half; 
avaujdriaia,  want  of  feeling] .  Partial  or  complete  loss 
of  the  sense  of  feeling  in  a  lateral  half  of  the  body. 

Hemianopia  (Aem-e-an-o/-pe-aA).     See  Hemianopsia. 

Hemianopsia  [hem-e-an-opf-se-ah)  \fifii,  half;  av, 
priv.  ;  htbiQ,  sight].  Blindness  in  one-half  of  the 
visual  field.  It  may  be  bilateral  (binocular)  or  mono- 
lateral  (monocular  or  uniocular),  according  as  it  affects 
one  or  both  eyes.  H.,  Binasal,  due  to  anesthesia  of 
the  temporal  halves  of  the  retina,  the  nasal  fields 
thereby  failing  to  be  visible.  H.,  Bitemporal,  the  re- 
verse of  the  last.  H.,  Crossed  or  Heteronymous,  a 
general  term  for  either  binasal  or  bitemporal  hemianop- 
sia. H.,  Homonymous,  right,  or  left,  the  most  com- 
mon form,  affecting  the  inner  half  of  one  field  and  the 
outer  of  the  other.  H.,  Inferior  and  Superior,  the 
upper  or  lower  halves  of  the  retina  are  insensitive. 

Hemianoptic  (Jiem-e-an-op/-lik)  [//»',  half;  av,  priv.  ; 
6i/«c,  sight].     Affected  with  hemianopsia. 

Hemiataxia  {hem-e-at-aks' -e-ah)  [$/u,  half;  a,  priv.  ; 
rnzir,  order].  Inability  to  produce  orderly  or  system- 
atic movements  on  one  side  of  the  body. 

Hemiathetosis  Uiem-e-ath-et-o' '-sis)  \jjui,  half;  adcror, 
without  fixed  position].  A  term  for  athetosis  or  in- 
voluntary rhythmic  movements  of  one  side  of  the  bods- 
only. 

Hemiatrophy  {hem-e-at'-ro-fe)  [>}ut,  half;  arpoipta,  lack 
of  nourishment].  Imperfect  or  impaired  nutrition 
confined  to  one  side  of  the  body. 

Hemiazygous  [hem-e-az' -ig-us)  [>}iu,  half;  a,  priv.  ; 
£vy6r,  a  yolk].  Partially  paired ;  imperfectly  azy- 
gous.      H.  Veins.     See  Vein. 

Hemibranchiate  (hem-e-brang' '-ke-at)  [qui,  half; 
ftp&yxia,  gills].  In  biology,  having  an  incomplete  bran- 
chial apparatus. 

Hemic  (hem'-ik)  [alfia,  blood].  Pertaining  to  the 
blood ;   hemal. 

Hemicardia  [hem-e-kar^-de-ah)  [//'",  half;  icapdia, 
heart].      Half  of  a  four-chambered  heart. 

Hemicarp  [Iietn'-e-karp)  [i/ui,  half;  Kun-nr,  fruit].  In 
biology,  one  of  the  separable  carpels  of  a  dicarpel- 
lary  fruit. 

Hemicatalepsy  [hem-e-kaf '-al-ep-se)  [>'/<",  half;  nara- 
Xeipia,  catalepsy].  Catalepsy  affecting  only  one  lateral 
half  of  the  subject. 

Hemicentrum  \hem-e-sen'-trum)  [>/m.  half;  tekvrpov, 
center].  Either  one  of  the  two  lateral  elements  of 
the  centrum  of  a  vertebra. 

Hemicephalia  [hem-e-sef-a'-le-ah).  Synonym  of 
Hemicrania. 

Hemicephalus  {hem-e-sef'-al-us)  [i/iti,  half;  Kron'/I;, 
head].  A  monster  fetus  in  which  the  cerebral  hemi- 
spheres and  skull  are  absent  or  undeveloped.  It  is  a 
synonym  of  Anencephalus. 

Hemicerebrum  {nem-e-ser/-e-bmm)  [//'".  half;  cere- 
brum, cerebrum].      A  cerebral  hemisphere. 


Hemichordate  {hem-e-kor* '-dat)    [hemi,    half;    chorda, 
a  string].     Ink  >i  or  pertaining  to  such  animal 

t> irms  a->  are  int<  rm<  and 

the  Achordata,  e.g.,  /•     \m         us. 
Hemichorea     ikem-e-ko-t  ['//",    half;     x° 

chorea,  dance].      Unilateral  chon 
in  which  the  convulsive  movements  are  confined    to 
one  side  of  the  body  only. 
Hemicollin    {hem-e-koV '-in)    [//fit,  half;    k67.7m,   glue], 
1      '  'tc.^'ii'  'ri-       -^    peptone-like    substai  ived 

from  coll  □  It  i-.  soluble  in  70-80  per  cent. 
alcohol,  and  is  not  precipitable  by  platinum  tetra- 
chlorid. 

Hemicrania   {hem-e-kra'-ne-ah)    \$ut,    half; 

head].  Neuralgia  or  headache  of  one-half  of  the 
head. 

Hemicranic  (hem-e-kra'-nik)  [i,!u,  half;  Kpavi6v, 
skull].  Pertaining  to  half  the  skull.  H.  Equiva- 
lents, a  name  given  to  isolated  symptoms — Sitting 
scotomata,  vomiting,  vaso-motor  disturbances,  etc. — 
in  cases  of  aborted  migraine. 

Hemicyclic  (//  m-e-si'-klik)  [f/p:i,  half;  kvkXos,  a  circle]. 
In  biology,  having  certain  of  the  floral  organs  ar- 
ranged in  whorls,  and  others  in  a  spiral. 

Hemidesmus   [hem-e-dez' '-mus)    \i,ui,  half;    6eau6c,  a 
band],      Indian  sarsaparilla.     The   dried  root  of//. 
indicus,  imported  from  India.     It  is  atonic,  altera) 
diaphoretic,  and  diuretic.    H.,  Syr.  ( 15. P. ).    Dose  gj. 

Hemidiaphoresis  (Aem-e-di-a/-or-e/-sis)  \$ui,  half; 
6ia<  .  sweating].     Sweating  of  one  lateral  half 

of  the  body  only. 

Hemidrosis  [hem-id-rtZ-sis).     See  Hematidrosis. 

Hemidysesthesia  [kem-e-dis-es-the'-ze-ah)  [/,'»',  half; 
6vg,  difficult ;  aladr/aiq,  sensation].  Enfeebled  or 
dulled  sensation  in  a  lateral  half  of  the  body,  or  in 
half  of  one  of  the  organs  of  sense. 

Hemidystrophia  {hem-e-dis-tror -fe-ah)  [1)111,  half;  6va, 
ill;  rpooij,  nourishment].  In  biology,  the  state  of 
being  imperfectly  nourished. 

Hemi-elastin  {hem-e-e-las/-tin).     See  Proto-elastose. 

Hemielytrum,  Hemielytron  [hem-e-eV '-it-rum,  -t 
[$/«,  half;  IXvrpov,  a  sheath :  pl.,Hemielytra'\.     One 
of  the   fore-wings  of  hemipterous   and   heteropterou> 
insects,  or  one  of  the  dorsal   scales  of  certain  marine 
annelids,  as  in  Hermioni. 

Hemiencephalon  {hem-e-en-seff -at-on)  [qui,  half; 
!•/<■' <.'(!/ of,  brain].      Either  lateral  half  of  the  brain. 

Hemiencephalus      [kem-e-en-sef'-al-us)     [>,/",     half; 

.  brain].     A  monstrosity  without  organs  of 

sense,  but  possessing  otherwise  a  nearly  normal  brain. 

Hemiepilepsy  {hem-e-ep* -il-ep-se)  [fyui,  half;  i-u  \ 
epilepsy].     A  form  of  epilepsy  in  which   the  convul- 
sions are  confined  to  one  lateral  half  of  the  body. 

Hemifornix   [hem'-e-for/-niks)    [qui,   half;  fornix,   an 
arch,  vault].     A  name  used  to  designate  the  irregular, 
elongated  portion  of  either  paracelian  floor,  comp' 
of  hippocamp,  fimbria,  and  fornicolumn. 

Hemigamous  {hem-ig* '-am-us)  [r^u,  half;  yapoq,  mar- 
riage]. In  biology,  applied  to  grasses  in  which  one 
floret  is  neuter  and  the  other  male  or  female. 

Hemiglossitis  [hem-e-glos-i'-tis)  ['//»,  half;  •j'/.uoaa, 
tongue;  inr,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  one-hall 
of  the  tongue  only.  A  definite  nodule  or  lump  may  be 
present  in  the  substance  of  the  tongue. 

Hemignathous  {hem-igf-na-thus)  [i,m,  half;  -\vaftoc, 
jaw].  In  biology,  applied  to  such  birds  as  have  one 
mandible  shorter  than  the  other. 

Hemihidrosis  [hem-e-hid-ro' -sis)  [if",  half;  Idpitc, 
sweat].     The  same  as  Hemidiaphoresis. 

Hemihyperesthesia     {hem-e-hi-per-es-the* '-ze-ah) 

half;  \nckp,  over  ;  aiodtfou;,  sensation].     Hyperesthesia 
confined  to  one  lateral  half  of  the  body. 


Ill  M  I  U\  PERTROPHY 


55  I 


III  Mil  ERATIC 


Hemihypertrophv 

'  ]       H  y\ 

Hcmihypcs: 

i]        Impairraenl 

Mil.]. 

trophied 

lal  .urns  and 


;tabo '.-. 

■  I  im] 

■ 
In  biology,  in- 

.   ball ; 
-J        Myasthenia    ol 

.  oclonus 

amotion].  i   ol   the 

:    dy. 
.    «    ,H    VI el  >§.HC1 
rochlorid  ofhematin.     A 
i  -.  stalline  substance 
btained  by  heating  m 
:  .hi  a  glass-slide  with 
ise  of  blood   that 
i  old  blood -clot  or  stain,  the  resi- 


*/' 


te+* 


4  *   'x 


n      $    \ 


0* 


>> 


'    M  Lamb.    6.  Pike.    7. 

bit. 

-  possible  with  a 
then  ] 

nd  heat  1 

lark-brown  or  black, 

raging  to  the 

soluble  in  alcohol, 

■ 

irasthenia  Hfu, 

■   uras- 
half  of  the  body. 

1  ].     The 
the 
tb  it  pari 

•niopy  //,,   hem'  e-dp-e). 


,    to 
united    by  the 
iuth.  ' 

u.     half; 
of  a 

Hemipa:'  im. 


Hem 


pairmenl  of  strength].     Paresis,  or  weakening  of  the 
strength  on  one  side  of  the   body  only. 
Hemiparesthesia  [hem-e-par-es-the/-ze-ah\  [1)111,  half; 
id,    beside  ;    aUrB^att .    sensation].      Numbness    or 
paresthesia  of  one  lateral  half  of  the  bod). 

Hemiparetic  [kem-e-par-ef -ik)  ['/"/,  half;  wapeoic,  im 
pairmenl  of  strength].     Affected  with  hemiparesis. 

Hemi-peptone  [hem-e-pep' '-ton).     See  Peptones. 

Hemiphalacrosis     {hem-e-fal-ak-ro/ -sis)     [')/".     half; 
.  baldness].      Baldness  affecting  one  lateral 
half  of  the  head. 

Hemiphonia  [hem-e-for -ne-ak)  ['//•",  half;  ipurvt},  voice]. 
Speech  having  the  characteristics  of  half-voice,  half- 
whispei  ;  used  by  patients  in  great  weakness  and  ex- 
haustii  >n. 

Hemipinic  Acid   [hem-e-pin1 '-ik) .     See  Acid. 

Hemiplegia  [hem-e-plef -je-ah)  [>//",  half;  -///;.//, 
stroke].  Paralysis  of  our  side  of  the  body,  due 
usually  to  a  lesion  ol  some  part  of  the  corpus  striatum 
and  internal  capsule,  of  the  cms  cerebri,  or  of  the  COl 
tex  or  subcortex  of  the  opposite  side  of  the  brain.  H., 
Alternate,  paralysis  of  the  facial  muscles  upon  one 
side,  with  paralysis  of  the  trunk  and  extremities  upon 
the  opposite  side  of  the  body.  H.,  Bilateral  Spastic. 
Paraplegia,  Infantile  Spasmodic.  H.,  Cere- 
bral, the  ordinary  form  lirst  described.  H.,  Crossed. 
Same  as  //. ,  Alternate.  H.,  Facial,  motor  paralysis 
of  one  side  of  the  face.  H.,  Hephestic,  from  the 
use  of  the  hammer  by  smiths,  a  form  of  occupation  neu- 
rosis. H.,  Spastic,  a  form  occurring  in  infants,  in 
which  the  affected  extremities  are  subject  to  convul- 
sive twitchings.  H.,  Spinal,  paralysis  of  one  side  or 
of  the  whole  body,  with  loss  of  sensation  of  the 
opposite  side.  It  is  due  to  disease  of  the  spinal 
cord. 

Hemiplexia  [hem-e-pleks* '-e-ak) .     Same  as  Hemiplegia. 

Hemiprosoplegia  \hem-e-pro-so-pler-je-ah)  [v",  half; 
irpdoonrov,  face;  ~/>/}//,  stroke].  Paralysis  of  one 
side  of  the  face. 

Hemiprotein  [hem-e-pro'-te-in).     See  Antialbumatc. 

Hemipterous     {hem-ip* '-ter-us)      [r/ut,     half;     -- 
wing].      In   biology,    applied   to   certain    insects    that 
have   the   fore-wings   partly   membranous    and    partly 
coriaceous  or  chitinous. 

Hemirheumatism     [hem-e-ruf -mat-izm)     [7///,     half; 
inrioiinr,   liability    to   rheum].      Rheumatism  con- 
fined to  one  lateral  half  of  the  laody. 

Hemisection  [hem-e-sek' -shun)  \jifii,  half;  sectio,  a 
cutting].  Bisection;  chiefly  applied  to  division  into 
two  lateral   halves.      See  Medisection. 

Hemiseptum  [hem-e-sep' '-turn)  [///",  half;  septum,  a 
partition].  The  lateral  half  of  a  septum,  as  of  the 
heart  ;   the  lateral  half  of  the  septum  lucidum. 

Hemispasm  {hem'-e-spazm)  [vfii,  half;  tr/rao/iSc,  a 
spasm].  A  spasm  or  convulsive  movement  affecting 
only  one  side  of  the  body. 

Hemisphere  {hem* -is-ftr)  [/////,  half;  aipalpn,  a  ball]. 
Half  a  sphere.  H.,  Cerebellar,  either  lateral  half 
of  the  cerebellum.  H.,  Cerebral,  either  lateral  half 
of  the  cerebrum. 

Hemisystole   {hem-e-sis1 '-to-le)    [$/u,  half;    ovotoM},   a 
lion].     A  peculiar   Kind  of  irregular  action  of 
the   hear!  muscle,  in  which,  with   every  two  beats  of 
the  heart,  only  on<   beal  of  the  pulse  is  felt. 

Hemiterata  [hem-it-er1 '-ot-aA)  [>/»',  half;  ripac,  mon- 
|  A  class  ol  malformations,  including  all  human 
l>o. lies  presenting  any  abnormality  of  development,  not 
grave  enough  to  be  called  monstrous,  nor  of  the  spe- 
■  ific  character  to  be  1  lassed  as  heterotaxic  or  henna 
phroditic. 

Hemiteratic  [hem  it-er-af '-ik)  [/////.half;  rrpar,  a  mon- 
I       Pertaining  to  Hemiterata. 


1 1  KM  II  IS 


.-,:,.-, 


HEMOGLi  IBINEMIA 


[ai/ia,  blood;    nui'/.ta,  a 


Hemitis  [hem-i'-tis)  [alfia,  blood  ;   trig,  inflammation]. 
A  condition  of  the  blood  associated  with  inflammation, 

Hemitriteus  [hem  il-nt  r'-us)  [i/iu,  half;  Tpeig,  three]. 
The  semi-tertian  form  of  ague. 

Hemitropous    {hem-it* -ro-pus)     ['/«',    half;    rpOTrfj,    a 
turning  over].      In  biology,  amphitropous ;   half  ana 
tropOus;    applied    to    the   plant-embryo   when    much 
curved. 

Hemizonia  [hem-iz-o' -ne-ah)  [iffii,  half;  Ztnm,  girdle]. 
A  genus  of  composite-flowered  herbs  and  shrubs,  oi 
which  some  19  species  are  Californian  ;  they  arc- 
called  tar-weeds  and  resin-weeds.  They  are  generally 
strongly  fragrant,  resinous  plants,  locally  esteemed  for 
their  balsamic  qualities.      Unof. 

Hemlock  [hem'-lok).  See  Ionium.  H.-bark,  a  bark 
used  in  the  manufacture  of  leather.  It  is  taken  from 
Abies  canadensis  of  Canada  and  the  United  States, 
and  contains  nearly  fourteen  per  cent,  of  tannin.  It 
is  said  to  produce  a  leather  harder  than  oak-bark,  but 
which  is  less  pliable  and  more  pervious  to  water.  H.- 
extract,  a  strongly  astringent,  solid  extract  of  hem 
lock-bark,  q.  v.  It  is  principally  employed  in  the 
arts.     H.  Spruce.     See  Abies.  # 

Hemo-(/;.7«'-o-)[«i;ra,  blood].    A  prefix  denoting  blood 

Hemocelum    \hem-o-sef -lum  \ 
cavity].     A  blood-cyst. 

Hemochromogen  {hem-o-kro' - 
mo-jeri)  [alfia,  blood  ;  xpi.i/ui, 
color;  };i7/e,  producing].  An 
excretory  pigment  of  certain 
invertebrates.  In  some  bee- 
tles it  has  a  respiratory  func- 
tion. It  is  the  same  as  Rn- 
tt  rokematin  and  Helicorubin. 

Hemochromometer  [kem-o- 
kro-momf-et-er)  [alfia,  blood; 
Xpafia,  color ;  fiirpov,  meas- 
ure]. Colorimeter ;  an  instru- 
ment for  estimating  the 
amount  of  oxyhemoglobin  in 
the  blood,  by  comparing  a 
solution  of  the  blood  with  a 
standard  solution  of  picrocar- 
minate  of  ammonia. 

Hemochyle  [hem'-o-kll  \[alfia, 
blood;  xv^Qi  juice].  The 
blood-lymph  of  vertebrates. 

Hemocrystallin  [hem-o-kris' '- 
tiil-in).     See  Hemoglobin. 

Hemocyanin  (hem-o-si'-an-in ) 
[alfia,  blood;    icvavoc,  blue], 

C«7H13«lN2MCuS  A.W  .     (Grif" 

fiths).  A  blue  proteid  pig- 
ment, having  a  very  constant 
percentage  composition.  It 
is  analogous  to  hemoglobin, 
but   contains    copper    instead 


The  instrument  of  (lowers,  illustrated  below,  and  that 

of   1  noma  are  those  most  frequently  employed. 
Hemocytotrypsis   [hem-o-si-to-trip,-sis)   [alfia,    blood; 

irfrroc,  cell ;    rpijieiv,   to    rub].       The    breaking    up    of 

blood  corpuscles  under  strong  pressure. 
Hemodiapedesis   [kem-o-di-ap-ed-e'-si  i    [alfia,  bl 

SiairfSjioig,  an  oozing  through].      The  transudation  of 

blood  through  the  skin. 
Hemodromograph     1 ium-o-dro'  -mo-graf).      Same    as 

Hemotachom 
Hemodromometer  [hem-o-dro-mom'-et-er).   See  Hema- 

dromometer. 
Hemodynamometer      [hem-o-di-nam-om'-et-er).     See 

Hemadynamometer. 
Hemogallol  \hem-o-gal' -ol)   [alfia,  blood;  .:;<///<7,  gall- . 

nut].   A  proprietary  substance  occurring  as  a  brownish- 
powder,  and  formed  by  oxidizing  the  hemoglobin 

of  the   blood   bj  pyrogallol.     It   is  used  in  anemia  in 

doses  of  gr.   iss  viiss.      Unof. 
Hemogastric   [hem-o-gas/ -trik)    [<upa,   blood;   yaarfja, 

stomach].      Pertaining  to  blood  in  the  stomach. 
Hemogenesis   [hem-o-jen' '-ei  ta,  blood;   yiveaic, 

generation].       The  formation  of  blood. 
Hemogenic  (kem-o-jen' '-ik\  [alfia,  blood ;   yiveatg,  gen- 
eration].    Pertaining  to  the  formation  of  blood;  blood- 
producing. 


Gowers'  Hemocytometer. 

Pipet  for  measuring  the  diluted  solution.  B.  Capillary  tube  for  measuring  the  blood. 
C.  Cell  with  divisions  on  the  floor,  mounted  on  a  slide.  D  Vessel  in  which  the  dilution 
is  made.     E.  Glass  stirrer.     F.  Guarded  spear-pointed  needle. 


of  iron,  and  forms  the 
chief  constituent  in  the  blood  of  many  invertebrates, 
in  which  it  acts  as  the  carrier  of  oxygen. 

Hemocyne     Uiem'-o-sin)    [alfia,    blood;    kvcjv,    m 
dog].     The  serum  of  dogs'  blood. 

Hemocyte(^v«'-,i-.r;/i[»///H,lil(ioil :  m  roc,acell].  One  of 
the  protistan  organisms  found  in  the  blood  of  man  and 
animals,  e.g. ,  the  parasite  of  malarial  fever,  as  -tudied 
by  Lavaran,  Celli,  Machiafava,  Golgi,  Councilman, 
Osier,  and  Pfeiffer.     See  Parasit       Animal)  Table  of. 

Hemocytolysis  [hem-o-si-tol' '-is-is)  [alfia,  blood  ;  ici  ro< . 
cell;  Xveiv,  to  unloose].  The  dissolution  of  blood- 
corpuscles  by  means  of  heat. 

Hemocytometer  [hem-o-si-tom' '-et-er)  [alfia,  blood ; 
id'Toc,  a  cell;  fiirpov,  a  measure].  A  device  for 
estimating    the    number    of   corpuscles    in  the  blood. 


Hemoglobin  [hem-o-gl</ -bin)  [alfia,  blood  ;  globus,  a 
round  body].  I Ieniatoglobin,  Hemocrystallin.  A 
doubly-refractive,  pleochromatic  colloid  or  crystalline 
matter,  existing  in  the  corpuscles  of  the  blood,  and  to 
which  their  red  color  i-  due.  In  man  the  amount  is 
13.77  Per  cent.,  in  woman  12.59  per  cent.,  reduced 
by  pregnancy  to  from  o  to  12  per  cent.  It  is  an  oxygen- 
carrier  or  respiratory  pigment.  The  crystals  of  hemo- 
globin have  a  dark- red  appearance  with  a  strong 
purple  or  bluish  tint;   they  are  very  soluble  in  water. 

Hemoglobinemia  {hem-o-glo-bin-e/ -me-ah)  [alfia, 
blood;  globus,  around  body;  ama,  blood].  A  con- 
dition in  which  the  hemoglobin  is  dissolved  out  of  the 
red  corpuscles,  probably  as  the  result  of  the  destruc- 
tion of  the  latter,  and  is  held  in  solution  in  the  serum 
The  blood  is  "  lake  "-colored.      It  occurs  in  some  in- 


HI  M<  '-I  ■  >BINI1  i 

i  substan 

loglobiniferous 

loha 

1  he  j 

H 

■   ■ 

nemo- 


H 


:  KR. 

B.    Capillary  pipet.    C. 
ning  standard  dilu- 
;><  ihe  fii 

ilution  of  blood  of 
nown  valuation, 
emoglobinuna  \a\fia,  blood ; 

.urine].      The  presence  of 
■  f   the    blood, 
ilution  out  of  the 
•urn  of  the  red  corpus- 
:.  during  eer- 
ie burns.      It 
of  the  corpuscular  ele- 
thus  differing  from 
Hemoglobin  Test  Isam- 

:  and  boil ;  a  red  coagulum 
Test.  Hem  in, 
H.,  Epidemic,  .1  condition  of  the  new- 

symp- 
H.  Intermittent.    >>■<■//..  mal.     H., 

/'■:\  by  rei  urring  peri- 
1 

H..  Toxic,  that 

LlioUS 

H 

-]. 

■  mbling,  blood. 

e]. 

.  yel- 

i  I •  'HI  CM  ; 


Hemoglobul 

Hem.;! 

Her: 

.olymph 


lllMi  >  1  *  1  1  II I  ISIS 

.,1"  glands  which,  according  to  W.  V.  Robertson,  are  a 
kind  ol  1  ross  1"  tween  the  hemogenic  glands  (e.g.  the 
spleen)  and  the  lymphatic  glands.  The  small  prever- 
tebral glands  are  examples. 

Hemolysis  {hem-ol'-ii     I  [aifia,  blood;  \batg,  solution]. 
1  testruction  or  breaking  up  of  the  red  blood-corpuscles. 

Hemolytic    [hem-o-lif -ik)    [<;)//<;,   blood;    Xvotg,  » ilu 
tion].      Pertaining  to  hemolysis. 

Hemometer    [hem-om/ -et-er\    [al/ta,    blood;     uirpov, 
measure].     See    Hemoglobinometer.     Also,  an    appa- 


lympha, 

1   than  the 
H.   Glands,  a  variety 


Fleischl's  Hemometer. 
K.  Red-colored  wedge  of  glass  moved  by  R.     G.  Mixing  ves- 
sel with  two  compartments  a  and  a'.     M.  Table  with  opening 
to  read  off  the  percentage  of  hemoglobin  on  the  scale  P.     T. 
To  move  K  through  K.     S.  Reflector  of  Plaster-of-Paris. 

ratus    for  ascertaining   the   amount  of  hemoglobin  in 
normal  or  diseased  blood. 
Hemometra  [hem-o-me'-traK).     See  Hematometra. 
Hemoophoritis  \h<-m-o-off-or-i'-tii)  \_nifta,  blood  ;    ciov, 
egg  ;  ipipeiv,  to  bear].      Oophoritis  with  hemorrhage. 
Hemopericardium      [hcm-o-pcr-ik-ar'-de-wii)      [alfia, 
blood;   Tvepi,    around;   KapS'ta,   the  heart].      An  effu- 
n  of  blood   into   the   pericardial   cavity.      It  is  due 
usually  to  the   bursting  of  an   aneurysm  of  the  aorta, 
but  may  also  follow  rupture  of  the  heart,  or  the  burst- 
ing of  an  aneurysm  of  one  of  the  coronary  arteries. 
Hemophagic    (hem-o-faj' '-ik)   \_ai\ia,   blood;  tyayziv,  1  1 
].      Feeding  upon  blood ;  applied  to  certain  animal 
parasites. 
Hemophagocyte  [hem  o-faff-o-sit)  [aiua,  blood  ;  ipayecv, 
to  eat;   (ri  rof,  a  cell].      Any  phagocyte  of  the  blood  ; 
a  white  blood-corpuscle. 
Hemophilia    [hem-o-fiV '-e-ah)   [at/ia,  blood;  otVnv,  to 
love].      The  hemorrhagic  diathesis ;   an  abnormal  ten- 
tii  \  to  hemorrhage,  01  ease  of  bleeding.      It  usually 
first  ap]  about  the  period  of  the  second  denti- 

tion, and    is  mosl    frequent  among  males.      Heredity 
play-,  a  prominent  part  in  this  affection. 
Hemophthalmia   [hem-off-thal* -me-ah)    [ahw,   blood; 
'/'"ic,  eye].      A  hemorrhage  into  the   interior  ol 
the  eye.      It   maj  arise   from  contusion,  from   iridec 
tomy,  or  by  rupture  of  a  vessel 
Hemophthalmos     [hem-off-thal' -mos)     [<>/</«,     blood; 
''><■'<*',  the  eve],      blood   in   the   vitreous  chamber 
aracterized  by  a  reddish  reflex  from  the  pupil. 
Hemophthisis   (/irin-off'/-//iis-is)  [ii'iua,  blood  ;   tpdioig, 
>ting].     Anemia  dependent  upon  undue  degenera- 
tion ol  the  red  blood-corpuscles. 


HKMOPKASMODIUM 


:,.-.7 


UK  MP 


Hemoplasmodium  [hem-o-plaz-mo/ -de  urn)  [cufia, 
blood  ;  ~'/<it7/M,  a  moulded  figure  ;  eWec,  form].  The 
Plasmodium   of    malaria.     See    Parasites    [Animal), 

Table  of. 

Hemoplastic  [hem-o-plas/-tik)  [«///«,  blood ;  n'/aaaeiv, 
to  form].     Same  as  //  matoplasiic. 

Hemopneumothorax  [hem-o  nu-mo-tho'-raks)  [al/ia, 
blood;  nvev/ia,  wind;  dfapat-,  the  chest].  An  effu- 
sion of  air  and  blood  within  the  pleura. 

Hemopoiesis  (hem-o-poi-eS-sis).     See  Hematopoiesis. 

Hemoptysis   [hem-op' -tis-is)   [al/ua,    bl I;   -ri:n\  to 

spit].  The  spitting  of  blood.  The  term  is  confined 
usually  to  the  expectoration  of  blood  from  the  lungs. 
It  may  be  slight  or  profuse,  and  death  may  result  from 
suffocation.  The  blood  is  frothy  and  bright-red.  H., 
Parasitic.      See  Distoma  ringt  ri. 

Hemorhodin  [hem-or-or -din)  [al/oz,  blood  ;  f>6Sov,  a 
rose].  A  rose  colored  albuminoid  found  in  the  blood 
of  Aplysia  depilans ;  it  was  discovered  by  L.  Cuenot. 

Hemorrhage  [hem'-or-Oj)  [aifia,  blood  ;  prfyvvvai,  to 
burst  forth].  The  (lowing  of  blood  from  wounded  or 
ruptured  vessels.  H.,  Accidental,  during  pregnancy 
from  premature  detachment  of  the  placenta  when 
normally  situated.  H.,  Capillary,  oozing  of  blood 
from  a  wound  without  a  flow  from  large  vessels.  H., 
Collateral,  bleeding  occurring  in  the  course  of  acute 
inflammations.  H.,  Complementary,  succeeding  up- 
on another  hemorrhage  that  has  been  cut  short.  H., 
Concealed,  a  variety  of  accidental  hemorrhage  in 
which  the  bleeding  takes  place  between  the  ovum  and 
the  uterine  walls,  without  escape  from  the  genital  tract. 
H.,  Consecutive,  ensuing  some  time  after  injury. 
H  ,  Critical,  occurring  at  the  turning-point  of  a  dis- 
ease. H.,  Petechial.  See  Purpura.  H.,  Post- 
partum, primary,  within  24  hours  after  labor  ;  second- 
ary, after  24  hours.  H.,  Primary,  that  immediately 
following  any  traumatism.  H.,  Secondary,  that  oc- 
curring some  time  after  the  traumatism,  and  usually 
due  to  the  sloughing  of  the  tissues.  H.,  Unavoidable, 
from  detachment  of  a  placenta  previa.  H.,  Vicarious, 
suppression  of  the  menses  with  abnormal  discharge  of 
blood  from  some  other  part  of  the  body  than  the  vagina. 

Hemorrhagic  (Jiem-or-a'-jik)  [a\ua,  blood  ;  pijyvvvai, 
to  burst  forth].  Relating  to  or  accompanied  by 
hemorrhage  H.  Diathesis.  See  Hemophilia.  H. 
Endometritis.  See  Endometritis.  H.  Infarct. 
See  Infarct.  H.  Pneumonia,  a  form  of  pneumonia 
occurring  in  elderly  people  and  in  certain  weakened 
states  of  the  constitution,  characterized  by  the  pres 
ence  of  a  large  amount  of  blood  in  the  expectoration. 

Hemorrhaphilia  [hem-or-af-il' '-e-ah)  \aifioppayia,  hem- 
orrhage ;   o/Zoc,  loving].      Synonym  of  Hemophilia. 

Hemorrhea  (hem-or-e'-ah)  \_a\fia,  blood;  poia,  a  flow]. 
A  hemorrhage;  a  flow  of  blood.  H.  ventriculi. 
See  Hematemesis. 

Hemorrhelcosis  [hem-or-el-ko* '-sis)  [ahio'ppoiq,  a  hemor- 
rhoid ;  f'/Kuoir,  ulceration].  The  formation  of  an 
ulcer  upon  a  hemorrhoid. 

Hemorrhinia  [hem-or-in' ' -e-ah)\aifia,  blood  ;  pig,  nose]. 
Kpistaxis;   nose-bleed. 

Hemorrhoid  \hemf -or-oid)  [alfidppoor,  flowing  with 
blood].  Pile.  An  enlarged  and  varicose  condition  of 
the  vessels  in  the  tissues  around  the  anus,  sometimes 
associated  with  eversion  of  the  rectal  mucous  mem- 
brane. There  is  always  more  or  less  pain  and  tender- 
ik :ss,  with  discomfort  in  sitting.  Hemorrhoids  are 
caused  by  sedentary  habits,  constipation,  obstruction 
to  the  portal  circulation,  or  violent  purging.  H., 
External,  situated  without  the  sphincter  ani.  H., 
Internal,  within  the  anal  orifice. 

Hemorrhoidal  [hem-or-oi' '-dal)  [alfi6ppoog,  flowing  with 
blood].      Pertaining  to  or  affected  with  hemorrhoid-. 


Hemoscope  [hem'-o-skdp).     Same  as  Ilematoscope. 

Hemosialemesis  [hem-o-si-al-emf -es-is)  [aJ//a,  blood; 
oiaMv,  saliva;  ifiieiv,  to  vomit].  A  form  of  vomit- 
ing sometimes  observed  in  hysterical  women  with 
dysmenorrhea,  the  vomited   matti  >ting  larj 

ot  saliva  and  a  small  quantity  of  blood,  in  additii  1 
the  ordinary  contents  oi  the  stomal  h. 

Hemosiderin  [hem-o-sid* -er-in)  [al/ia,   blood; 

iron].  Neumann's  name  for  a  pigment  often  found 
in  extravasations  and  thrombi  with  hematoidin,  but 
dill'  ring  from  the  latter  in  containing  iron. 

Hemospasia  [hem-o-spa/-ze-ah)  \a\fia,  blood;  anaeiv, 
to  draw].  The  drawing  of  blood  to  a  part ;  derivative 
action  ;  the  process  of  dry  cupping,  especially  when 
thoroughly  carried  out. 

Hemospastic  [hem-o-spas/-tik)    [ai/ia,  blood;     an 
to  draw].     Effecting  or  pertaining  to  hemospasia. 

Hemostasia,    or    Hemostasis    Uiem-o-sta1 '-se-ah ,    or 
kem-os' '-tas-is)  [ai/ia,  blood  ;    araaic,  a  -landing].      1. 
Stagnation  of  the  blood-current.     2.    Arrest  of  a 
of  blood. 

Hemostatic    [hem-o-stat' -ik)    \aifia,    blood;      rc    - 
stationary].      Having  the  power  to  arrest  hemorrhage. 
Also,  an  agent  or  remedy  that  arrests  or  restrains  bleed- 
it  v. 

Hemostatics  [hem-o-staf '-iks).     See  Hemostatics. 

Hemotachometer  [kem-o-tak-om* -et-er)  ['una,  blood; 
rii  \nr,  swiftness;  jiirpov,  a  measure].  An  instrument 
for  measuring  the  rate  of  flow  of  arterial  blood. 

Hemotexis  [kem-o-teks' -is)  [aipa,  blood  ;  -',-»-,  a  melt- 
ing].      The  dissolution  of  putrid  blood. 

Hemothorax    (fiem-o-tho' -raks)    \_a\fia,   blood  ; 

the  chest].  An  accumulation  of  blood  in  a  pleural 
cavity.      It  may  occur  under  many  varied  conditions. 

Hemotrophy  [hem-ot'-ro-fe)  [al/ia,  blood;  rpo<pq, 
nourishment].      Synonym  of  Plethora, q. v. 

Hemp  [ME.,  hemp,  hemp].  The  hemp-fiber  is  the  pro- 
duct of  the  Cannabis  sativa,  which  is  grown  for  textile 
purposes  chiefly  in  Russia  and  Italy,  while  the  seed  is 
grown  in  India.  It  is  a  bast-fiber  similar  to  that  of 
the  flax-plant,  but  coarser  and  stronger,  and  of  deeper 
color,  and  less  luster.  It  is  used  chiefly  for  the  manu- 
facture of  ropes  and  cordage,  and  the  fabric  woven  from 
it,  known  as  canvas,  is  used  in  sail  making.  Hemp  is 
a  mixture  of  cellulose  and  bastose.  H.,  Manila,  is  a 
tropical  fiber  obtained  on  the  Philippine  Islands  from 
the  leaves  of  the  wild  plantain.  It  furnishes  a  very 
superior  rope-making  fiber,  because  of  its  combined 
lightness  and  strength,  and  the  liner  grades  are  used 
for  woven  goods.  The  color  is  yellowish  or  white, 
and  the  white  variety  has  a  fine  silky  luster.  H., 
Suron,  is  grown  in  India,  and  furnishes  a  liber  of 
light-yellowish  color.  It  resembles  jute,  although  less 
lustrous.  It  is  well  adapted  for  cordage  and  netting. 
H.,  Sisal  (or  henequen),  is  derived  from  the  fleshy 
leaves  of  a  species  of  agave  grown  in  Yucatan  and 
the  West  Indies.  It  is  used  largely  in  the  L'nited 
States  as  a  substitute  for  jute  in  the  manufacture  of 
bagging  and  for  cordage,  being  stronger  and  lighter 
than   jute.     See  also  Cannabis.  H. -nettle. 

Galeopsis.  H.-seed  Calculus,  a  small  rounded 
urinary  concretion  composed  of  oxalate  of  lime.  It 
may  vary  in  size  from  a  pin"s  head  to  that  of  a  hemp- 
seed,  and  is  smooth  and  dark -colored.  H.-seed 
Oil,  oleum  cannabi-.  i-  obtained  from  the  seeds  of 
the  Cannabis  sativa  or  common  hemp.  It  has  a 
mild  odor,  but  mawkish  taste,  and  greenish-yellow 
color,  turning  brown  with  age.  Its  specific  gravity 
at  150  C.  is  .9276.  It  is  freely  soluble  in  boiling 
alcohol,  has  weaker  drying  properties  than  linseed 
oil,  but  is  used  in  paint  and  varnish  manufacture  and 
in  making  soft  soaps. 


HI  Mt  Rl 


HKI'A  rOCYSTIC 


Hemurcsis 

Hen     Ml  domestic 

11  -bane       -  H. -blindness, 

H. -cluck 
St,    .  in  some 

Hcnequc: 

H.'s  Canals. 

H.'s 
tratedmera- 

|  H.'s 

ial,  non  nui 

iil. i   ami   the 

lib.      H.'s    Loop,   a 

,  nnlferi. 

H  H.'s  Sheath, 

irrounding      terminal 
ii       Tubular  Tumor.      Sec  Siphon- 

He:v..i  .  henna].   A  cosmetic 

1  from  thi 

eternally  and 
int  I  nof. 

.       .  i  me  ;    /><.' 
ut  one  auric! 
lormal  in  some  of  the 

Henoch  s  Purpura. 

jgenesi-  ,  one;  yivtaig, 

•mental  history  of  an 

Henosis  .  uniting],      i.   Healing  or 

m  'ii. 
Hen    ■..,  ic].      Tending  to 

Henry's   Law. 

Hensen's  Disc.  anh' s  Middle  Disc.    H.'s 

tperiment,  iving  that  the  so-called 

vibrate   to   a 

H.'s  Prop-cells.    Sec  H.'s  Support- 

H.'s  Stripe,  a  glistening  band  in  the  mid- 

ie  membrana  tectoria  of 

H.'s  Supporting  Cells,  tall  columnar  epi- 

of  the   outermost  of 

Hepar  Hepatis\     The 

H.  adiposum,  a  synonym  of  fatty  liver. 

H.  amyloideum,  amylo  aeration  of  the  liver. 

H.  sulphuris,  the  liver  of  sulphur;    potassium  sul- 

I    in    m  dicine ;   now 

He[  01  .  pain]. 

ia.ll)  the  paroxysmal 
londrium. 
Hepatalgic  ie   liver . 

i  with  hepatal 
He;  ;:,.>  ,_    ]jvt.r  . 

•'■/  ].    An  abscess 
Hepatauxes: 

uf?,  a 
liver,   wholly    or    in 

Hepatemphractic  .,   liver; 


mphraxis. 
p,     liver 

athelcoi 

HePalic  liver].      Pertain- 


ing or  belonging  t>>  the  liver.  H.  Aloes.  See  Aloes, 
H.  Duct.  See  Duct.  H.  Lobes,  the  natural  an- 
atomic divisions  of  the  liver,  usually  designated  as 
right,  left,  quadrate,  spigelian,  and  caudate  lobes.  H. 
Plexus.  See  /'  rus.  H.  Zones,  certain  areas  in 
an  hepatic  lobule.  The  central  area,  capillaries  and 
cells  form  the  Hepatic-vein  Zone,  specially  liable  to 
gestive  changes  ;  the  area  next  the  periphery  of  the 
lobule  is  the  Portal-vein  Zone :  and  the  area  between 
the  two  the  Hepatic-artery  Zone.  H.  Starch,  a 
-\  in ui\  in  of  Glycogen. 

Hepatica  [hep-at* -ik-afi)  \rjKariK6g  ;  i,~>ip,  liver].  The 
liverwort;  a  genus  ol  ranunculaceous  plants.  H. 
triloba  and  H.  acutiloba  were  formerly  esteemed  in 
hepatic,  renal,  and  pulmonic  complaints.      Unof. 

Hepaticell  {hep-atf -is-el)  [yirarucdc ;  fjizap,  liver;  cella, 
cell].  An  hepatic  or  liver  cell;  a  cell  of  the  liver 
tissue. 

Hepatico-ductitis   {kep-af ' -ik-o-duk-ti' '-tis)    [tyrarucdg, 
rtaining  to  the  liver;  ductus,  duct;  trig,  inflamma- 
tion].     Inflammation  of  the  hepatic  duets. 

Hepatic  o-pancreatic  (hep-at'-ik-o-pan-kre-af-ik) 
[fiwaTiK6g,  pertaining  to  the  liver;  Kaynpeag,  sweet- 
bread].     Relating  to  the  liver  and  the  pancreas. 

Hepaticous  [hep-atf -ik-us)  [f/Kanicdg,  of  the  liver]. 
In  biology,  resembling  liver. 

Hepaticula  Uiep-at-ik' '-u-lah)  \t]Kap,  liver],  i.  A  small 
liver.      2.   A  slight  degree  of   hepatitis. 

Hepatin  [hep,-at-in)  [//~«/>,  liver].      Same  as  Glycogen. 

Hepatirrhagla  (hep-at-ir-a* -je-an)\yinap,  liver; />//;  vi 
in  burst  forth].      Hemorrhage  from  the  liver. 

Hepatirrhea  (nep-at-ir-e'-ak).     See  Hepatorrhea. 

Hepatism  \hep' '-at-izni)  [yirap,  liver].  Derangement 
of  various  functions  of  the  body,  due  or  ascribed  to 
si  uiir  functional  or  other  disorder  of  the  liver. 

Hepatitic  [hep-at-if -ik)  \Jj-ap,  liver;  trig,  inflamma- 
tion].     Affected  with,  or  relating  to,  hepatitis. 

Hepatitis  [hep-at-i' '-tis)  [r/-ap,  liver;  irtg,  inflamma- 
tion.] Inflammation  of  the  liver.  H.  chronica  in- 
terstitialis,  cirrhosis  of  the  liver.  H.,  Parenchy- 
matous, Acute,  acute  yellow  atrophy  of  the  liver. 
H.  suppurativa,  abscess  of  the  liver. 

Hepatitopyitis  (kep-at-it-o-pi-i'-tis)  [rjirap,  liver ;  irvov, 
pus;  trig,  inflammation].  Hepatitis  characterized  by 
the  formation  of  abscesses. 

Hepatization  [kep-at-iz-a/-shun)  [jjirap,  liver].  An 
abnormal  change  in  lung-tissue,  in  which  it  becomes 
solid  and  friable,  somewhat  resembling  the  tissue  of  the 
liver.  H.,  Gray,  the  condition  of  a  lung  in  the  third 
stage  of  pneumonia.  H.,  Red,  that  in  the  second 
stage  of  pneumonia.  H.,  White,  the  condition  of 
the  lungs  in  stillborn  syphilitic  children.  H.,  Yellow, 
the  condition  of  the  lung  in  the  third  stage  of  pneu- 
monia when  tinted  by  the  presence  of  numerous  pus- 
cells.     See  Pneumonia. 

Hepatocace  [hep-at-ok'-as-e)  \jfxap,  liver;  nandc,  ill]. 
<  rangrene  of  the  liver. 

Hepatocarcinia   (hep-at-o-kar-sin' '-e-aft)    [i/-np,   liver; 
,  cancer].      Malignant  disease  of  the  liver. 

Hepatocele  [hepf -at-o-sil)  \_ij-itp,  liver  ;  /.///'/,  a  tunii  a  |. 
A  form  of  hernia  in  which  the  liver  protrudes  through 
an  opening  in  the  abdominal  wall, 

Hepatochromate  [hep-at-o-kro1 '-mat)  [$irap  (fyrar-), 
the  liver;  xpufm,  a  color].  Krukenberg's  name  for 
Enterochlorophyl. 

Hepatocirrhosis      [hep-at-o-sir-of -sis)     [nirap,     liver; 
yellow].     Cirrhosis  of  the  liver. 

Hepatocolic     (kep-at-o-kol'-ik)     [//Tap,     liver;    ku>\ov, 
on].      Relating  to  the  liver  and  the  colon. 

Hepatocystic  [Aep-at-o-siV-tii)  [fjirap,  liver;  Kvorig, 
bladder].  Pertaining  to  the  liver  and  the  gall- 
bladder. 


HEPAT()im>YMOUS 


;,:,!» 


HERAPATH'S   Mil  linn 


Hepatodidymous  (hep-at-o-did'-im-us)  [ijirap,  the 
liver;  iVifivuoc,  double]  A  monster  with  a  double 
body  from  the  liver  up. 

Hepatoduodenal  [hep-at-o-du  od'  en  al)  \iprap,  liver; 
duodeni,  twelve  each].  Relating  to  the  liver  and  the 
duodenum. 

Hepatodynia {hep-at-o-dinf -e-ah)   [jjirap,    liver;  bSi 
pain].      Pain  in  the  liver. 

Hepatogastric  [hep-at-o-gas' '-trik)  [ijirap,  liver ;  yaorf/p, 
stomach].      Pertaining  to  the  liver  and  the  -tomach. 

Hepatogastritis  [hep  at-o-gas-tri' '-lis)  \fjirap,  liver; 
yaoriip,  stomach;  irir,  inflammationl .  Inflammation 
of  both  liver  and  stomach. 

Hepatogenic  {kep-at-o-jen'-ik')  [yirap,  liver;  yewav,  to 
beget].  Produced  by  or  in  the  liver.  H.  Icterus, 
also  called  absorption-icterus  or  jaundice,  is  caused  by 
the  absorption  of  bile  already  formed  in  the  liver. 

Hepatography  [hep-at-og1 '-ra-fe)  [ynap,  liver;    ypa 
to  write].      A  description  of  the  liver. 

Hepatoid  {hep* -at-oid)  [fjirap,  liver;  eldoQ,  likeness]. 
Resembling  a  liver  or  liver-substance. 

Hepatolith  [Jicp'-at  ■o-lith)  [_/j~np,  liver;  Vtdoq,  stone]. 
Biliary  calculus ;  gall-stone. 

Hepatolithiasis  {Aep-at-o-litk-i'-as-is)  [fjwap,  liver; 
/iH/aair,  presence  of  calculus].  A  disease  character- 
ized by  gall-stones  or  concretions  in  the  liver. 

Hepatolithic  [hep-at-o-lith' -ik)  \jjizap,  liver;  'Aidoc,  a 
stone].      Affected  with  biliary  calculi. 

Hepatology  [hep-at-ol'o-je)  [frap,  liver;  Myoc, 
science].  The  science  of  the  nature,  structure,  func- 
tions, and  diseases  of  the  liver. 

Hepatomalacia  [kep-at-o-mal-a' 'se-afi)  [mrap,  liver  ; 
fiakania,  softness].      Softening  of  the  liver. 

Hepatomegalia  {kep-at-o-meg-a'-le-aft)  \_>)-up,  liver ; 
jityac:,  large].      Auxesis  of  the  liver. 

Hepatomyeloma  [hep-at-o-mi-el-</ -mah\  [r/-ap,  liver  ; 
pvs'/.og,  marrow  ;  ouo,  a  tumor:  pi.  HepatomyelomatdX. 
Medullary  carcinoma  of  the  liver. 

Hepatoncus  [hep-at-ong1 '-kus)  [r/irap,  liver;  oynoc,  a 
tumor].      A  tumor  or  swelling  of  the  liver. 

Hepatonecrosis  [hep-'at-o-ne-kro' 'sis)  [ijirap,  liver; 
vkKpuaiQ,  death].     Gangrene  of  the  liver. 

Hepatopancreas  [hep-at-o-pan' '-kre-as)  \Ji~ap,  the  liver; 
-in.Kpmg,  the  pancreas:  //.  Hepatopancreates~\.  In 
biology,  a  glandular  organ  of  many  invertebrates  which 
exercises  a  digestive  action  upon  starch  and  albumin, 
and  at  the  same  time  secretes  matters  similar  to  those 
found  in  the  bile  of  vertebrates. 

Hepatopathy  {hep-at-op' ' -ath-e)\ijitap,  liver;  -dOnr,  dis- 
ease].     Any  hepatic  disease  or  disorder. 

Hepatoperitonitis  {hep-at-o-per-iton-i'  -tis)  [fjizap,  liver; 
rrepi-ovaiov,  peritoneum  ;  trie,  inflammation].  Inflam- 
mation of  the  peritoneal  or  serous  coat  of  the  liver. 

Hepatopexia,  or  Hepatopexy  {hep-at-o-peks'-e-ah, 
hcpf-at-o-peks-e)  [rjirap,  liver;  irf^tg,  fixation].  The 
suturing  of  a  floating  liver  in  its  proper  position. 

Hepatophage  [hepf -at-o-faj)  [fjitap,  liver;  fyayzlv,  to 
eat].  A  giant  cell  of  a  type  peculiar  to  the  liver;  it 
is  said  to  absorb  and  to  destroy  liver  cells. 

Hepatophyma  [hep-at-o-fi' -maft)  [ijirap,  liver ;  ipv/ia, 
growth].      Any  tumor  of  the  liver. 

Hepato-portal  [hep-at-o-por'-tal)  [rjirap,  liver;  porta, 
a  gate].  Relating  to  the  portal  circulation  in  the  liver  ; 
portal  as  distinguished  from  reniportal. 

Hepatoptosis  [hep-at-op-to' -sis)  [ijirap,  liver;  irrcocjtc,  a 
falling].     Synonym  of  Floating  Liver,  q.  v. 

Hepatorrhagia  [hep-at-or-a* -je-ah) .  Same  as  Hepatir- 
rhagia. 

Hepatorrhaphy  {hep-at-or* -a-fe)  [ijirap,  liver ;  pair/, 
suture].     Suture  of  the  liver. 

Hepatorrhea  [kep  at-or-e' -ah)  [ijirap,  liver  ;  poia,  flow]. 
Morbid  or  excessive  secretion  of  bile  by  the  liver. 


Hepatorrhexis  {hepat-or-eks'-is)  [ij-np,  liver;  'prj$iq,  a 
rupture].      Rupture  of  the  liver. 

Hepatoscirrhus  [hep-at-o-skir' -tis)  [rjirap,  liver ;  otcip- 
pog,  an  induration].    Scirrhous  carcinoma  of  the  liver. 

Hepatoscopy    (hep-at-os' '-ko-p       [ijirap,  liver  ;  okoi 
to  examine  |.      \  isual  examination  oi  the  liver. 

Hepato-splenitis  [hep-at-o-splen-i' -ti  |  ip,  liver; 
ir.'  inflammation].      Inflammation  of 

bi >tli  liver  and  spleen. 

Hepatotomy  [hep-at-ot' -o-me)  [/)-«/;,  liver;  reuveiv,  to 
cut].      Incision  of  the  liver. 

Hephestic  [hef-es' '-tik)  \_Hephce  fu  ,  Vulcan].      Prevail- 
ing or  (hi  lining  among  hammi  rmen.   H.  Cramp. 
Hammermen's  Cramp.     H.  Hemiplegia.    See  Hemi- 
plegia. 

Heptacosane  [hep* ' -tak-o-s&ri)  [iirra,  seven],  < ' ._ 1 1  _,_ 
A  hydrocarbon  contain*  d  in  be<  -wax. 

Heptad    (hep'-tad)    [iirra,  seven].      In    chemistry,   an 
atom  whose  equivalence  is  seven  atoms  of  hydro] 
or  that  can  be  combined   with,  substituted    for,  or  re- 
placed by,  seven  atoms  of  hydrogen. 

Heptagynian  (//,/  in).     See   H  us. 

Heptagynious   Qiep-taj-in' '-e-us).     See  Heptagynous. 

Heptagynous     [hep-taj1 -in-us)     [kirra,     seven; 
female].      In  biology,  having  -even  pi-til-  ur  styles. 

Heptamerous  {hep-tamf -er-tis)  [iirra,  seven  ;  uipoc,  a 
part].  In  biology,  consisting  of  seven  parts;  having 
the  organs  in  sevens. 

Heptandrous  [kep-tan/-drus')  [iirra,  seven  ;  avr/p,  man]. 
In  biology,  having  seven  stamens. 

Heptane  i  hep'-tan  \  [cjrrd,  seven],  C7H16.  A  paraffin 
existing  as  a  mobile,  colorless  liquid.  It  i--  contained 
in  petroleum,  and  is  also  obtained  from  the  resin  of 
Pinus  sabiniana  by  dry  distillation.  It  is  also  called 
abieteue,  theolin,  erasene,  and  aurantin.  See  Hydro- 
carbons,  J  able  of. 

Heptapetalous  [hep-tah-petf -al-us)  [iirrd,  seven; 
Trim'/ in*,  a  leaf].      In  biology,  having  seven  petals. 

Heptaphyllous  [hep-tah-fiP '-us)  [iirra,  seven  ;  oc'/'/ov, 
a  leaf].      In  biology,  having  seven  leaves. 

Heptatomic  [hep-tat-om' -ik)  [irrrd,  seven  ;  aro/wc,  an 
atom].      .Same  as  Heptavalent,  a.  v. 

Heptavalent  (hep-tav-a'-lent)  [iirrd,  seven;  valens, 
having  power].  In  chemistry,  equal  to  seven  atoms 
of  hydrogen  in  combining  or  saturating-power  ;  ap- 
plied to  an  atom  that  can  be  substituted  for,  or  re- 
placed by,  seven  atoms  of  hydrogen. 

Heptolactone  [hcp-to-lak'-ton)  [e-ra,  seven;  lac, 
milk],  C7H]Z02.  A  substance  formed  from  teracrylic 
acid  by  reducing  with  hydrobromic  acid.  It  melts  at 
n°  C. ,  and  boils  at  2200  C. 

Heptoses  [hep-tos' -i£)  \_e~rd,  seven].  A  division  of 
the  glucoses,  of  the  composition  C7HuO-.  They  are 
prepared  by  reducing  the  corresponding  heptonic 
acids,  C7HM08  (their  lactones),  with  sodium  amalgam. 
They  have  similar  properties  to  the  hexoses,  and  arc- 
not  fermented  by  yeast.      See  Carbohydrates,  Tabic  of 

Heracleum  [her-ak-le* -uni)  ['Hpcucfetor,  Hercules].  A 
genus  of  umbelliferous  plants,  the  cow  par-nips. 
Several  species,  especialh  H.  lanatum.  in  North 
America,  and  H.  tauricum.  in  Europe,  are  diuretic 
and  expectorant,  and  the  roots  and  seeds  are  recom- 
mended for  use  in  epilepsy      Unof. 

Herapath's  Method.  A  method  for  determining  the 
presence  of  minute  quantities  of  quinin.  For  a  test-fluid 
use — 

Metric.     Apoth. 

Glacial  acetic  acid 12  c.c.    (3.24  f  5). 

Ninety-five  percent,  alcohol,  .    .    .    4  c.c.    (1.08  f3). 
Dilute  sulphuric  acid, 7  drops. 

A  drop  of  this  is  put  on  the    slide,  and    a  very  minute 
amount    of   the    quinin-containing    substance    added. 


\r.\i  in  1  r 


HERMAPHRODITE 


I 


\\  '  an 

al  tlu' 

mnd 

ular 
.  which, 
the    fluid  aw 

spot, 
[uinin 
I'lii-  tesl 

thite 

linin-sul]  cur- 

.1-    a 

u   -  ;   in  micros 
lit. 

An  annual,  bien- 

which   contains 

the  ground  at  the 

H.  -doctor.      See    Herbalist. 

\\  -  juice  Cure. 

ius  rass].    In  biology: 

(  us   that    have   a 

it  the  close  ol  the 
in  herbs. 

An   old  name    tor  a 
ting  a   book  on  the 

Herbah>t  .grass].      An   herb-doc- 

itanic  phy»irian. 
Herbarium  .    grass].      A    col- 

.    lor  study  ;  a  horttts 

Herbicarnivorous  •■         r-us)  \kerba,hexb- 

eat].      <  Jmnivorous ; 
i  animal  and  vegetable  food. 
Herbivora  •.    grass;    vorare,  to 

a  division  of  mammalia. 

Herbivorous  r,    grass;    vorare, 

term  applied  to  animals 
ition. 

Herbst's  Corpuscles.   A  vai  nsory  end-organs 

\-  mgue  of  '.he 
mall   \  ater's   corpuscles,  but 

closer  to  each  other,  while 
r  within   the  central   core   is  bordered 
nuclei. 
Hercogamy  a    fence;        >"» , 

prevention  of  impregna 
-tructural    obstacle  ; 

:uleus     morbus  '  us    mor'-bus)     [I..]. 

luir].     Acquired 
H.    Disease.  insmitted  from 

H.    Parts  -ruinate. 

H    Syphilis 

Her  'lily].       The 

ission   of  physical   or 

pring. 

Theory  of  Heredity,  or  the  Hypothesis 

I    Ol     the     - 

if  Els- 
ol  repro- 
included  in  and  i 

luce  all  of  the 
i.    Weissmann's 
ry  of  the  Continuity  or  "  Immortality  "  of 
Gr  «w'jpro] 

from  the 
■iti.d 


the    germ-substance   of    another  generation,    by   the 

ollary  that  tlu-  whole  nature  of  the  animal  or  plant 
depends  upon  its  germinal  substance,  and  that  the 
resemblance  of  the  offspring  to  the  parent  is  due  to 
m  gonoblasl  containing  some  germinal  matter. 
ording  t"  Nussbaum  and  Weissmann  the  cells  of 
the  embryo  are  separated  into  two  kinds:  (i)  The 
m-cells,  which  become  the  sexual  elements;  (2) 
I  he  somatic  cells  or  body-cells,  used  as  building  material 
a  m)  of  the  individual.  KSlliker  and  others 
have  demonstrated  that  no  sharp  distinction  1  \ists  be- 
tween germ  cells  and  xnnatic  cells,  so  that  speculations 
basedonsuch  assumed  difference  necessarily  fall  to  the 
ground.  Naegele's  Theory  of  Idioplasm  and  Nutri- 
tive Plasma,  is  a  definite  theoryof  germinal  continu- 
ity ;  he  assumes  the  formative  force  to  reside  in  a  specific 
material  substratum,  i.  c,  idioplasm — essentially  iden- 
tical with  Weissmann's  germ-plasma.  Minot  as- 
sumes  idioplasm  to  be  the  nuclear  substance,  chro- 
matin, the  essential  factor  in  the  function  of  heredity, 
and  the  nucleus,  therefore,  the  organ  of  hereditary 
transmission.  De  Vries'  Theory  of  Intracellular 
Pangenesis,  suggests  that  the  nuclear  substance  of 
the  germ  plasm  is  composed  of  minute  particles,  Pan- 
genes,  not  cells,  but  the  bearers  of  the  properties  of 
the  cells.  There  are  also  in  the  nucleus  Nuclear 
Rods,  called  aUo  Idants,  and  Chromatin  Rods,  which 
are  built  up  of  a  series  of  ancestral  plasms,  called  Ids, 
each  representing  "an  individuality."  The  doubling 
and  multiplication  of  these  idants  prior  to  fertilization 
is  in  the  interest  of  variety,  or  variation  of  form  and 
character  of  the  subsequent  individual.  This  theory 
claims  tin-  same  independence  for  all  constituent  parts 
of  the  cell-body  as  Weissmann  claimed  for  those  of 
the  nucleus.  The  entire  cell  is  called  the  Protoplast, 
and  its  various  living,  independent  parts  are  called 
Pangenes.  The  cell  is  thus  likened  to  a  compound 
organism  or  colony. 

Hering's  Experiment.  A  delicate  test  of  stereoscopic 
vision  in  which  the  perception  of  degrees  of  depth  is 
tested  by  means  of  falling  bodies,  seen  through  a  long 
lube.     H.'s  Theory.     See  Color-sensation. 

Hermann's  Difference-theory.  See  Difference.  H.'s 
Theory,  a  theory  as  to  the  causation  of  muscular  con- 
traction ;  he  claims  that  the  formation  of  carbonic 
anhydrid  on  contraction  is  not  simply  due  to  oxida- 
tion, but  rather  to  the  decomposition  of  inogen,  with 
the  formation  of  certain  simpler  products,  of  which 
carbonic  anhydrid  is  one,  and  sarcolactic  acid  and 
myosin  the  others. 

Hermaphrodism,  or  Hermaphroditism  (hor-maf- 
ro-dizm,  h'r-maf '-ro-dit-izm)  ['Epuf/<_;,  Mercury ; 
\.<ppo(YtTTi ,  Venus].  The  co-existence  in  a  single  in- 
dividual of  completely  developed  ovaries  and  testicles, 
or  of  at  least  one  of  each  gland.  H.,  Bilateral,  an 
ovary  and  a  testicle  on  each  side.  H.,  Complex,  a 
rare  instance  of  hermaphrodism  in  which  there  are  pres- 
ent both  the  internal  and  external  organs  of  either  sex. 
H.,  Double.  Same  as  //. ,  Complex.  H.,  Lateral, 
an  instance  in  which  male  organs  (especially  a  testicle) 
are  more  or  less  developed  on  one  side,  and  female 
organs  (especially  an  ovary)  on  the  opposite  side. 
H.,  Protandrous,  applied  to  the  phenomenon  as  ex 
hibited  by  most  hermaphrodite  platode  worms,  of 
developing  the  male  sexual  products  before  the  female. 
H.,  Spurious,  doubtful,  but  not  double,  sex.  H  , 
Transverse,  an  instance  in  which  the  external  organs 
indicate  the  one  sex,  and  the  internal  the  opposite. 
H.,  Unilateral,  on  one  side  an  ovary  and  a  testicle, 
on  tie  other  an  ovary  or  a  testicle.  H.,  Vertical. 
Same  as  //. ,  Complex. 

Hermaphrodite    (her-maf '-ro-dlt)    ['K/n///(,    Mercury; 


lll.KMAI'lIkoDII  IC 


561 


I  IKK  MA 


'Ap/xiAirr/.  Venus].  An  individual  affected  with  ber- 
maphrodism,  q.v. ;  usually  the  condition  i>  ilue  to 
some  congenital  malformation  of  the  genital  organs, 
such  as  epispadias,  hypospadias,  cleft  oi  the  scrotum, 
etc.,  that    makes  the  determination  oi  omewhat 

doubtful.       Foi  \.mcties,  see  Hermaphrodism. 

Hermaphroditic  (ker-maf-ro-dit'-ik)  ['Ep/ayc,  Mi  n  urj  ; 
'AQpooirti,  Venus"].  Pertaining  to  hermaphroditism, 
//.  v.     See  also  Teratism. 

Hermaphroditism  [ker-maf-ro-dit-izm).  Same  as 
II,  i  tnaph  >  i  >dism . 

Hermetic,  Hermetical  [Aer-mef '-ik,  her-met' -ik-al\ 
yv.jini, ,  the  god  Mercury, the  reputed  rounder  of  al- 
chemy!. Pertaining  to  chemistry.  Also,  having  resist 
ance  to  chemic  action.  Also,  protected  from  exposure 
to  air.  H.  Medicine,  alchemistic  or  spagyrii  | 
H.  Sealing,  the  closure  of  an  outlet  by  cementation  <>r 
fusion,  so  that  it  is  impervious  to  air.  Also,  the 
closing  or  covering  of  a  wound  by  impervious  dress- 
ings. 

Hermodactyl  [her-mo-dak' -HI)  ['K/"/y ',  Mercury  ; 
SaxrvT^oq,  linger].  The  root  or  bulb  of  Colchicum 
variegatum,  or  C.  autumnale ;  also  of  Iris  tuberosa. 
It  was  formerly  prized  in  medicine,  but  is  now  little 
used,  except  in  India.      (Jnof. 

Hernia   {her'-ne-ah)   \hemia,  from  .  sprout].      A 

tumor  formed  by  the  protrusion  of  the  contents  of  a 
cavity  (usually  the  abdominal)  through  its  wall.  Her- 
nias may  be  called  after  their  locality,  Epigastric, 
Femoral,  Inguinal,  Perineal,  Scrotal,  Umbilical,  etc.  ; 
according  to  their  condition.  Encysted,  Reducible, 
Strangulated,  Purulent,  etc.  ;  according  to  their  con- 
tents, Cerebral,  Intestinal,  Omental,  Vesical,  etc.  ; 
or,  lastly,  according  to  their  origin.  Acquired.  Con- 
genital, Infantile,  etc.  H.,  Abdominal,  a  protrusion 
of  a  portion  of  the  abdominal  viscera  through  some 
portion  of  the  parietes.  H.,  Beclard's,  a  hernia 
through  the  saphenous  opening.  H.,  Birkett's,  a 
hernia  of  the  synovial  membrane  of  a  joint,  following 
laceration  of  the  capsular  ligament.  H.  of  the 
Bladder,  the  protrusion  of  a  part  of  the  bladder 
through  one  of  the  openings  of  the  abdominal  cavity, 
viz.  :  the  femoral  ring,  or  external  adominal  ring  ;  or 
it  may  form  part  of  a  ventral  hernia  after  celiotomy  or 
injury,  or  it  may  take  place  through  an  opening  in  the 
floor  of  the  pelvis  ;  the  term  was  also  formerly  applied 
to  cystocele,  q.  v.  H.  of  Brain.  See  Fungus  cerebri. 
H.,  Bruggiser's.  Same  as  //. ,  Preperitoneal.  H., 
Bursal.  Same  as  //. ,  Birketf  s.  H.  carnosa. 
Synonym  of  Elephantiasis  arabum.  H.,  Cecal,  a 
hernia  containing  the  cecum  (with  or  without  other 
parts  of  the  bowel).  H.  cerebri.  See  Fungus 
cerebri.  H.,  Chronic,  an  old  hernia.  H.  of  Cloquet. 
See  //. ,  Pectineal-crural  and  Diseases,  Table  of.  H., 
Complete,  a  hernia  in  which  the  sac  and  its  content- 
have  passed  the  hernial  orifice.  H.,  Congenital,  a 
form  of  indirect  inguinal  hernia  in  which  the  vaginal 
process  of  the  peritoneum  having  remained  patulous,  the 
bowel  descends  at  once  into  the  scrotum,  in  direct  con- 
tact with  the  testicle.  See  also  //.  of  the  Cord.  H., 
Cooper's,  a  variety  of  femoral  hernia  with  a  diver- 
ticulum through  the  superficial  fascia.  See,  also.  Dis- 
eases, Table  of.  H.  of  the  Cord,  a  congenital  condition 
resulting  from  arrest  of  development  of  the  lateral  pi; 
with  persistence  of  the  omphalic  duct.  If  the  latter  does 
not  wither  away,  the  fetal  intestines  are  drawn  out  into 
the  cord,  giving  rise  to  congenital  umbilical  hernia. 
H.,  Crural.  See  //.,  Femoral.  H.,  Cruro-pro- 
peritoneal,  a  variety  in  which  an  additional  sac  exists 
between  the  peritoneum  and  abdominal  wall,  in  the 
cellular  tissue  of  the  pelvis,  and  at  the  side  of  the  1 
der.  H.,  Cystic.  Same  as  Cystocele,  q.  v.  H.,  Dia- 
36 


phragmatic,a  protrusion  of  a  portion  of  some  of  the  ab- 
dominal viscera  into  the  thorax,  through  .  ital 
defect  in  the  diaphragm,  or  through  a  dilatation 
or  laceration  ol  one  ol  the  natural  openings.  H., 
Direct  Inguinal.  See  //. .  Inguinal,  Direct.  H., 
Dorsal.  Synonym  of  H.,  Lumbar.  H.,  Encysted 
(of  Cooper)  ;  this  form  occurs  when  the  ventral  oril 
closes,  but  the  tunica  vaginalis  remain-  patulous, 
allowing  the  hernia  to  ad  within  the  latter,  push- 
ing   before    it   the   thin   septum.      H.,   Epigastric,  a 

nia  in  the  linea  alba,  between  the ensiform  cartilage 
and  the  umbilicus.  H.,  External,  one  appearing 
upon  the  external  surface  of  the  body.  H.,  Femoral, 
a  protrusion  of  the  abdominal  contents  through  the 
femora]  canal,  the  tumor  appearing  on  the  upper 
inner  aspect  of  the  thigh,  below  Poupart's  ligami 
H.  of  the  Foramen  ovale.  See//.,  Obturator.  H. 
into  the  Foramen  of  Winslow,  a  lodgment  of  a 
portion  oi  intestine  in  the  foramen  of  Win-low.  H.. 
Funicular,  a  hernia  into  the  umbilical  cord.  See  //.. 
Infantile.  H.,  Gastric.  See  Gastrocele.  H.,  Goyrand's 
or  Gourand's.  See  //.,  Inguino-interstitial.  H., 
Guttural.  Synonym  of  Goiter.  H.  of  Hesselbach, 
a  femoral  hernia  with  a  diverticulum  th  Lie  cribri- 

fonn  fascia,  the  hernia  presenting  a  lobulated  appear- 
ance. See.  a]- ,.  ,  H.  of  Holthouse. 
//.,  Inguino-crural.  H.,  Humoral  Synonym 
of  Epididymitis,  or  Swelled  Testicle.  H.,  Incar- 
cerated, an  old  irreducible  hernia  which  has  become 
occluded  by  the  accumulation  of  gas,  feces,  or  un- 
digested food,  thus  causing  obstruction  of  the  bowels. 
H.,  Incomplete,  one  that  has  not  entirely  passed 
through  the  hernial  orifice.  H.,  Infantile,  that  form 
of  direct  inguinal  hernia  that  occurs  when  the 
funicular  portion  of  the  vaginal  process  of  peritoneum 
has  remained  patulous.  H.,  Infantile  (of  Hey). 
See  //. ,  Encysted.  H.,  Hey's.  See  //. ,  / 
H.,  Infrapubic.  Same  as  //. ,  Obturator.  H., 
Inguinal,  a  hernia  occupying  wholly,  or  in  part,  the 
inguinal  canal.  H.,  Inguinal,  Direct,  a  protru 
of  the  abdominal  viscera  through  the  parietes  at  the 
site  of  the  external  abdominal  ring,  without  hav- 
ing traversed  the  inguinal  canal.  H.,  Inguinal, 
External.  See//.,  Inguinal,  Indirect.  H.,  Inguinal, 
Indirect,  one  in  which  the  protrusion  occurs  at  the 
internal  ring,  and  passes  along  the  inguinal  canal.  H., 
Inguinal,  Internal.  See  //. .  Inguinal,  Direct.  H., 
Inguinal,  Oblique.  See  //. .  Inguinal,  Indirect. 
H..  Inguino-crural,  or  H.  of  Holthouse,  a  variety 
of  suddenly-developed  oblique  inguinal  hernia,  in 
which,  owing  to  tin-  non-descent  of  the  testicle,  or  to 
other  causes,  the  hernia  protrudes  outward  along  the 
fold  of  the  groin.  H.,  Inguino-interstitial,  an 
incomplete  inguinal  hernia.  H.,  Inguino-labial,  a 
variety  of  oblique  inguinal  hernia  in  the  female,  corre- 

iding  to  the  inguino-scrotal  hernia  of  the  male. 
H.,  Inguino-properitoneal.  or  H.  of  Kronlein,  a 
hernia,  with  a  prolongation  of  the  hernial  sac  in  various 
directions,  within  the  abdominal  walls.  H.,  Inguino- 
scrotal,  the  common  form  of  oblique  inguinal  hernia 
in  11  middle  life.     H..  Intermuscular.     Same 

as  //. ,  Inguino-properitoneal.  H.,  Interparietal. 
Same  as  //. .  Inguino-properitoneal.  H..  Inveterate. 
See  H.  of  Iris,  a  prolapse  of  a  portion 

of  the  iris  after  iridectomy,  trauma,  etc.  H.,  Irreduc- 
ible ;  a  hernia  is  called  irreducible  when  the  protruded 
viscera  cannot  be  returned  to  the  abdomen  by  manipu- 
lation, with  complete  di-appearance  of  the  symptoms. 
H.,  Ischio-rectal.  SameasH.,jPerineal.  H.,Ischi- 
atic,  a  protrusion  of  the  bowel  through  the  great  sacro- 
sciatic  foramen.  H. -knife,  a  probe-pointed  knife  for 
incising  the  constriction    of   a    hernial     sac.      H.'  of 


HERNIA 

nlein.  ll 

1 ' 

H.  of 

H  ,    Lumbar, 


HERNIA 

At   which    the  fascia    i-  deficient.     H.,  Obstructed. 
//..  /,;  H.,   Obturator,  a  protrusion 

iwel  through  the  obturator  foramen.  H.,  Omental, 
a  hernia  containing  omentum.  This  condition  is  also 
called    .  H.    of    Ovary,    a    hernia 

including    ovary,    wholly    »r    in    part.      H.,    Para- 
inguinal.     Same    a-     //..     /'  neal.       H.    of 
Partridge,  a  femoral   hernia,  external  to  tin-  femoral 
1>.    See,  also,  Disease   /fable  of.    H.,  Pectineal- 


^ 


the  cord. 
Hernia  "<•) 


An   Unstrangulated 
Hernia. 


^ 


V 


*F^ 


A 


W 


x^ 


.  \L    HliRNIA. 

Bubonn'  ele  mi  right  side,  but  passing  through 
rnal  ring  on  left. 


Direct  Inguinal  Hernia 


• 


■ 


Lui 


angle — a 

•     -iimis 

H. of  the 

H  .  Mal^aigne's.     Sam.: 

H  .  Mesentern  ;   the 

ing  in  the 

:'  ill^'   to 


crural,  or  H.  of  Cloquet,a  variety  in  which,  after  pass- 
ing tin-  femoral  rinij,  the  hernia  turns  within  and  behind 
tin-  femoral  vessels,  resting  on  the  pectineus  muscle. 
H.,  Perineal,  a  protrusion  of  the  abdominal  content-. 
between  the  fibers  of  the  levator  ani   muscle,  in   front 

of  or  to  one  side   of  the  anus.      H.,  Petit's.      Si 

as  //. ,    Lumbar.     H.,   Pharyngeal.     See  Pharyn- 

le.     H.,  Phrenic.     Same  as  //. ,  Diaphragmatic. 

H.,   Pleural.     See  Pleurocele.     H.,   Preperitoneal, 

a  hernia  occupying  a  position  between    the   planes  of 

Li  tninal  wall,  in  front  of  the  parietal   peritoneum. 

H.,  Pudendal.  Sameas  //. .  Labial.   H.,  Reducible, 

that  may  lie  returned  or  reduced  by  manipulation. 

H.,    Retroperitoneal  ;   in    this    form   of  hernia   the 

-mall  intestine  lodges  in   the  fossa   duodeno-jejunalis. 

H..  Sciatic.     Same   as   //. ,  Ischiatic.     H.,   Scrotal, 

that  form  of  inguinal  hernia  in  which  the  protrusion 

i  i      H.  of  the  Spleen.     See 

Spl  H.  of  the  Stomach.     Same  as  Gastrocele. 

H.,  Strangulated;  a  hernia  i-  said  to  lie  straniml 

when  il  is  so  tightly  constricted  at  ii-  neck  as  to  inter 

with  its  return,  with  the  circulation  of  blood,  and 

th.  11  H.,  Synovial.     See  //. ,  Bir- 

/•<•//'       H.  of  Testis,  a  protrusion  of  the  seminiferous 


HERNIAL 


563 


HETERADELPH1  \ 


tubules  through  a  fistulous  opening  following  abscess 
of  the  testicle.     H.  of  the  Tongue.     See  G/ossi 
H.  of  the  Trachea.    Sei  H.,  Thyroid. 

See  //. ,  Obturator.  H.,  Umbilical,  a  protrusion 
of  the  abdominal  contents  through  the  umbilicus. 
H.  of  the  Uterus.  See  Hyslerocele.  H.,  Vaginal, 
a  protrusion  of  tin-  abdominal  viscera  between  the 
uterus  and  rectum,  forming  a  tumor  on  the  vaginal 
wall.  H.,Velpeau's,  a  femoral  hernia  in  front  of  the 
femora]  vessels.  H.,  Ventral,  the  name  applied  to 
lii.iiiu~i.iri>  of  the  abdominal  contents  through  the 
abdominal  walls  in  situations  aol  usually  subject  to 
hernia.-;  e.g.,  do)  at  the  abdominal  rings  or  the 
umbilicus.      H.,  Vesical.     See  H.  oj  th    Bladder. 

Hernial  (her^-ne-al)  [hernia,  a  rupture].    Pertainin 
hernia.      H.  Sac,  the  diverticulum  of  the  peritoneum 
that  accompanies  a  hernia. 

Hernio-celiotomy  (her' ' -ne-o-se-le-ot' '-o-me)  [hernia,  a 
rupture;  Kot/Ua,  belly].  Abdominal  section  for  the 
relief  of  hernia. 

Hernio-enterotomy  (hi  >' »  o-en-ter-ot'-o-me)  [hernia, 
a  rupture  ;  bowel;   rofa),  a  cutting].     Herni- 

otomy combined  with  enterotomy. 

Hernio-laparotomy  [her1 '-ne-o-lap-ar-ot' '-o-me)  [hernia, 
a  rupture;  Tuanapa,  the  flank;  Topi],  a  cutting]. 
Same  a>  Hernio-celiotomy. 

Herniology    [her-ne-oV -o-je)    [hernia,   hernia;     / 
science].     That  department  of  surgery  which  treats  of 
the  causes,  diagnosis,  and  treatment  of  hernia. 

Herniopuncture  [her-ne-o-punk' '-chur)  [hernia,  hernia; 
punctura.a.  pricking].       The  puncture  of  a  hernia. 

Herniotome  [her' -ne-o-tom)  [hernia,  hernia;  rofiog, 
cutting].      A  hernia-knife. 

Herniotomy  (her-ne-otf-o-me)  [hernia,  hernia  ;  rkpveiv, 
to  cut].  Operation  for  the  relief  of  hernia  by  section 
of  the  constriction. 

Heroic  (he-ro'-ik)  [ijpur,  a  hero].  Bold  or  daring; 
rash  or  unusually  severe;  as  heroic  treatment  or 
measures. 

Herophilus,  Torcular  of.     See  Torcular. 

Herpes  {her^-pez)  [epirqg  ;  .  to  creep].     An  acute 

inflammatory  affection,  characterized  by  the  develop- 
ment of  groups  of  vesicles  on  a  patch  of  inflamed 
skin  or  mucous  membrane.  H.  catarrhalis,  herpetic 
fever;  a  form  of  herpes  accompanying  the  onset 
or  crisis  of  acute  febrile  disorders,  and  frequently  fol- 
lowing a  rigor,  of  which  it  may  be  the  sole  sequel.  It 
is  most  common  in  spring  and  autumn.  Its  forms  are 
//.  facialis  and  II  progenitalis.  H.  circinatus.  See 
Tinea  circinata.  H.  circinatus  bullosus.  See  Hy- 
droa  kerpetiforme.  H.  desquamans.  See  Tinea  im- 
bricata.  H.  esthiomenos.  See  Lupus.  H.  facialis, 
Herpes  labialis;  Herpes  febrilis ;  I Iydroa  febrile  :  an 
acute,  non-contagious,  inflammatory  disorder  of  the 
skin  that  appears  in  the  form  of  one  or  more  groups  of 
vesicles.  It  is  commonly  ca\\td  fever- blisters,  [ts usual 
seats  are  the  lips,  angles  of  the  mouth,  and  the  face, 
generally  below  the  forehead.  (  >wing  to  its  relation 
to  digestive  derangements  the  ulcers  are  often  termed 
'■'■dyspeptic  ulcers.''  H.  febrilis.  See  //.  facialis. 
H.  gestationis.  See  Hydroa  kerpetiforme.  H.  iris, 
a  form  of  erythema  in  which  a  vesicle  is  seated  on  an 
erythematous  base.  It  is  usually  seen  on  the  backs  of 
the  hands  and  feet.  H.  labialis.  See  //.  facialis. 
H.  miliaris.  Synonym  of  Eczema.  H.  phlycteno- 
des,  Willan's  name  for  Herpes  zoster  occurring  else- 
where than  on  the  trunk.  H.  preputialis.  See  //. 
progenitalis.  H.  progenitalis,  Herpes  preputialis ;  a 
form  of  //.  simplex,  in  which  vesicles  occur  upon  the 
glans  and  prepuce,  from  the  size  of  a  pin's  head  to 
that  of  a  small  pea.  They  number  from  two  or  three 
to  a  dozen.     The  condition  is  most  common  in  males. 


H.pysemicus.     See  Impetigo  herpetiformis.   H.  sim- 
plex.    A  synonym  of  //.  catarrhalis.     H.  tonsurans. 
SeeZi'w   i     //  man..   H.  tonsurans  maculosus. 
Pityria  H.  zoster,  Zo  ter;  Zona  :  Shingles  : 

1 ',»;■  acer  ;  an  acute  inflammatory  disease  oi  the  skin, 
which   ■  of   groupi  on   a   reddened 

ing  distributed  in  relation  to  the 
course  of  the  cutaneous  n<  rves,  and,  as  a  rule,  uni- 
lateral. 'I'h'  \  are  usually  seen  in  the  course  of  the 
intercostal  nerves,  but  may  follow  the  course  of  any 
nerve.  The  outbreak  of  the  eruption  i.-,  usually  pre 
ceded  1  neuralgic  pain.     The  condition  occurs 

most  frequently  in  young  people  and  in  the  autumn 
and  spring  of  the  year.  H.  z.  ophthalmicus,  follow- 
ing the  course  of  the  ophthalmic  nerve. 

Herpetic    [her-pet' -ik)    [epmjc,  herpes].      Pertaining  to 
herpes.      H.  Bridge.     See  Bridge.     H.  Fever. 
Herpes  catarrhalis.      H.   Sore-throat.       See    Tonsil- 
itis,  Herpetic. 

Herpetiform     [her-pet1 '-if-orm)    [  rpes  ;  forma, 

form].      Having  a  likeness  to  herpes. 

Herpetism  (ker,-pet-izm)  [eprniq,  herpes].  The  her- 
petic diathesis  ;  a  constitutional  predisposition  to  her- 
pes. 

Herpetography ( her-pet  og'-ra-fe) .    Same  as  Herpetology. 

Herpetoid     [her' -pet-oid)    [kpirtrdv,    a    reptile; 
likeness].      In  biology,  resembling  a  reptile. 

Herpetology   (her-pel-ol'-o-je)   [ipm/g,    herpes;    >■ 
treatise].       The    science    of    skin-diseases,    especially 
those  of  an  herpetic  nature. 

Herpetology  i  her-pet-ol' -o-je)  [epirerdv,  a reptil*  ; 
to  speak].      The  classified  knowledge  of  repti 

Hertwig's  Theory.  A  theory  of  immunity  founded 
upon  the  chemotactic  action  of  certain  chemic  sub- 
stances. The  fact  of  cardinal  importance  in  this  theory 
is  that  negative  chemotropism  may,  under  certain  con- 
ditions, become  positive. 

Hesperetinic  Acid     [hes-per-et-in'-ik).        See  Acid. 

Hesperidin  [hes-per1 '-id in)  [  i._  pog,  Hesperus]. 
C22H  ._,,.< ),,_,.  A  glucosid  present  in  the  unripe  fruit  of 
oranges,  lemons,  etc.  It  separates  from  alcohol  in 
fine  needles,  and  melts  at  2510  C. 

Hesperidium  [hes-per-id' '-e-um)  ["Eoirepog,  Hesperus  (in 
allusion  to  the  golden  apples  of  the  Hesperides)  :  //. , 
Hesperidia\  In  biology,  an  orange-like  fruit,  having 
a  succulent  flesh  covered  with  a  leather}'  rind  ;  a  va- 
riety of  berry. 

Hesse's  Apparatus.     An  apparatus  for  air-analysis. 

Hesselbach's  Hernia.  See  Hernia, and  Diseases,  Table 
of.      H.'s  Triangle.      See   'Triangles,   'Table  of. 

Hessian  Crucible  [hesh'-yan  kru'-sib-l).  A  crucible 
made  of  fine  clay  and  sand,  and  used  for  melting  gold, 
silver,  and  their  alloys  in  the  manufacture  of  gold  and 
silver  plates  and  solders.  H.  Purple.  See  Pig- 
ments, I  us  of.  H.  Violet,  and  H.  Yellow. 
Pigments,  Conspectus  of . 

Hesthogenous  [hes-thoj' -en-us)  [ioBi/g,  dress,  clothing; 
ring].      In    biology,  applied  to    birds  that 
are    hatched    with    a  covering    of    down  ;    ptilop, 
opposed  to  gymnogenous,  psilopedic. 

Heteracanth    [hef -er-ak-antk)   [  , 

spine].  In  biology,  applied  to  fishes  in  which  the 
dorsal  and  anal  fin-spines  are  asymmetric. 

Heteracephalous  [het-er-a-sef '-al-us)  [erepog,  other; 
Kfoo///,  head].      See  Heterocephalous. 

Heteracmy    [het-er-ak' -me)    [  .    other,    different ; 

CLKpij,  prime,  maturity].  In  biology,  applied  to  plants  in 
which  cross-fertilization  is  secured  by  the  heterochron- 
"ii~  maturing  of  the  stamens  and  pistils. 

Heteradelph  [hef-er-ad-elf).     See    Heteradelphus. 

Heteradelphia      [het-er-ad-el' '-fe-ah)      [erepog,     other; 
,  brother].      Heteradelphous  teratism. 


Ill  II 


:,i;i 


I  IK  I  EROi  .1  ■  M  SIS 


Heteradelphous 

the 

■ 
I  in  a 

sue  that  is 
ntially 


ther ; 

\ 

lisc]. 

■ 

it  a  dis 
i  no  direct 
iter. 

differ- 
i  unsymm 

other,  different  : 
ipon    different 
ivth. 

r],     A   Greek  prefix 

Ubu- 


H 


H< 


H 


H- 


rocei 


Hi 


:  of 

■iher, 

itality,  from   Hog,  life; 

.  '  ■     smai  tor  a 

of  which 

ith  a  division 

form   the 

■    ■    .  .  >ther,  ■  li 
In   biology,  arising  from 

|  ther,  dif- 

than 

.  hernia], 
in  a 

•halo;:  ,ther, 

plied    to 

.     other; 
with    two 

in<  quail y 

rent  ; 
ip  of   in- 
form of 


the 

Heterochrony  ,.r. 


.  time].       The   production  of  a  structure  or  the 
urrence  of  a  phenomenon  at  an  abnormal   period 

of  tune. 

Heterochronic,  Heterochronous  (het-er-o-kron'-ikt 
het-  on-us)    [  other;  ■ ,  time].      Ir- 

il.ir  in  occurrence.     Occurring  at    different  times, 
or  at  other  than  the  proper  time. 

Heterochrony  {het-er-okr -ro-ne)  [ere/wc,  other ;   i  ■ 
time].      In  biology,  out  of  order  a-  to  time,  as  organs, 
inisms,  or  hi  ■  traits  that  occur  out  of  the 

true  on:  [uence.     Cf.  Hotneochronous. 

Heterocline   [het'-er-o-klin)    [■"■""•  other,  different; 
.  bed].     Same  as  Heterocepha 

Heterocrania      iket-er-o-kra'-ne-aK)     [erepog,      other; 
iviov,  skull].      Headache  involving  but  one  side  of 
the  head. 

Heterocyst    (JieP ' -er-o-sist\    [  ,    other,    different; 

icfiOTfC,  a  bag,  pouch].  In  biology,  applied  to  individ- 
ual cells  in  the  moniliform  rows  of  roundish,  chloro- 
phyl  bearing  cells  of  the  Nostoca  . ..  ,  which,  appar- 
ently without  any  definite  law,  vary  in  size  and  color 
from  those  among  which  they  are  intercalated  ;  a 
limiting-cell. 

Heterodactyl  [het-er-o-dak' '-tit)  \jtrepog,  other;  S&k- 
rr'/m ,  a  linger  or  toe].  An  animal  in  which  the 
digits  are  in  some  way  peculiar  or  irregular 

Heterodermotrophy    \het-er-o-der-motf -ro-fe"]     [en 
other;  skin;     ~poo/j,  nutrition],      Disordi 

or  perverted  nutrition  ol  the  skin. 

Heterodont  [het' '-er-o-dorit)    [erepoc,    different;     bdobg 
■'"-),  tooth].      In  biology,  having    more    than  one 
sort  of  teeth,  as  incisors,  canines,  molars ;    the  oppo- 
site of  Homodont. 

Heterodromous     (het-er-od'-ro-mtis)     [erepog,     other; 
,  to    run].      In  biology,  growing  or  turning  in 
opposite  directions,  as  a   tendril    that    coil^    first    one 
way  and  then  the  other. 

Heterodromy  [het-er-od'-ro-me)  \erepog,  other ;   6p< 
a  running].      In  biology,  a  change  in  the  direction  of 
the   spiral    in   the    leaves  of   the  branches   and   stem. 
Same  as  Antidromy. 

Heterodymus  (het-er-od* -im-us)  [erepog,  other ;  6iAvfiog, 
twin].  A  double  monster,  the  accessory  part  being 
but  an  imperfect  head,  with  a  neck  and  thorax  by 
which  it  is  implanted  in  the  anterior  abdominal  wall 
of  its  host. 

Heterogamous  (het-er-og/ -am- us)T  erepog,  other;  ya\p.og, 
marriage].  In  biology,  bearing  male  and  female 
(lowers  in  the  same'  inflorescence  or  plant, 

Heterogamy  [het-er-og' '-am-e\  [erepog,  other;  ydpog, 
marriage].  In  biology,  a  term  applied  to  different  forms 
velopmenl  arising  from  difference  in  nutri- 
tion or  environment.  It  is  typified  in  the  Phylloxera 
Matrix,  the  d<  velopment  of  which  i-  far  more  com- 
plex when  the  insects  are  bred  under  ground,  on  the 
roots  of  the  grape-vine,  compared  with  that  when  the 
insects  breed  upon  the  leaves  of  the  vine.  In  the 
lati  5ive  generations  consisl  ><\  apter 

ous,  oviparous  females  only  ;  in  the  former  the  cycle 
consists  of  male  insects,  apterous  females  for  perpetuat- 
ing, and  winged  females  for  spreading  the  species. 

Heterogeneity      (  X  / , ,-  o  ien-e'-it  <  |      [erepoc,     other  ; 
■  .     kind].      The     condition     or    quality    of   being 
hel  ous. 

Heterogeneous  (//,■/  '  ne-us)  [erepog,  other; 

kind].  Differing  in  kind  or  nature;  composed  of 
different  substances;  not  homogeneous. 

Heterogenesis  o-jen' -es-is)    [_.  -  pog,    diffei 

'"  ration].  i.  Organic  deviation  in  the 
situation  or  character  of  organs,  etc.  2.  In  biology, 
a  mode  of  1  is,  by  which  the  living  parent  gives 

rise    to  offspring    that    pass   through    totally   different 


III-.  I  ERi  (GENETIC 


565 


111. I  EROPHYADIC 


series  of  states  from   those   exhibited   by  the  parents, 
and  do  not  return  into  the  cycle  of  the  parents  i  Hux- 
ley).    Milne-Edwards  has  substituted  the  word  A 
genesis,  (/.  v. 

Heterogenetic      [het-er-o-jen-etf -ik)      [erepoc,     other; 
ii  ration].     Pertaining  to  heterogenesis. 

Heterogenist  [het-er-ojf-en-ist).     See  ./         nesis. 

Heterogeny  [het-er-oj'-en-e).      Same  as  H  sis. 

Heterogenous  [het-er-og'-o-nus)  [erepoc,  other; 

generation].  In  biology,  having  several  kinds  of 
flowers  as  regards  the  length  of  the  .stamens  and 
styles  ;  betero-styled.      Cf.  Dimorphous,  7'rimorpiious. 

Heterogony  [het-er-og' -o-ne)  [erepoc,  other;  }6vog, 
generation].  A  form  of  reproduction  that  consists 
in  the  occurrence,  in  the  cycle  of  development,  of  in- 
dividuals differing  in  structure  from  the  parent  forms 
and  existing  under  special  conditions  of  nutrition. 

Heterogynous  [het-er-oj' '-in-us)  [erepoc,  other,  differ- 
ent;  yvvij,  female].  In  biology,  applied  to  certain 
groups  of  insects  among  which  there  are  two  kinds  of 
females,  one  sexually  perfect,  the  other  not. 

Heteroinfection  [ket-er-q-in-fek' -shun)  [frepoc,  other; 
inficere,  to  taint] .  I.  Infection  transmitted  by  a  person 
who  is  himself  not  infected.  2.  Infection  of  any 
organism  by  a  poison  not  produced  within  itself;  op- 
posed to  auto-infection. 

Heteroinoculation  [ket-er-o-in-ok-u-la' -shun)  [erfpoc, 
other;  inoculatio,  an  ingrafting].  Inoculation  of  one 
person  by  another. 

Heterokinesis  [ket-er-o-kin-e' '-sis)  [erepoc,  different; 
Kivelv,  to  move].  In  biology,  Weismann's  term  for  that 
kind  of  nuclear  division  in  which  the  two  daughter- 
nuclei  contain  different  kinds  of  idioplasm,  i.e. ,  nuclear 
division  depending  upon  a  heterogeneous  grouping  of 
the  primary  constituents  and  resulting  in  parts  contain- 
ing dissimilar  hereditary  tendencies.    Cf.  Homeokinesis. 

Heterolalia  [het-er-o-la* '-le-ah)  [itTepog,  other;  Aa/ua, 
talk].  The  utterance  of  words  other  than  those  in- 
tended by  the  speaker  ;  heterophemy. 

Heterologous  (het-er-ol'-o-gus)  [erepoc,  other;  \6yoc, 
relation].  Differing  in  structure  or  form  from  the 
normal.  H.  Series,  a  series  derived  from  each  other 
by  chemic  metamorphoses  H.  Tissues,  morbid  tis- 
sues that  have  no  structural  relation  with  the  normal 
tissues  of  the  part.  H.  Tumors,  tumors  constituted 
of  a  different  tissue  from  that  of  the  part  in  or  on  which 
they  are  situated. 

Heterology  [het-er-oV -o-je)  [erepoc,  other;  A.6yog,  rela- 
tion]. Abnormality  in  nature,  form,  or  structure  ;  de- 
velopment of  an  abnormal  structure. 

Heterotopia,  Heterolopy  [het-er-o-lo1 '-pe-ah,  het-er-olf- 
o-pc)  [erepoc,  other;  /W(5c,  scale].  The  presence  of 
abnormal  scales,  crusts,  or  scabs. 

Heteromastigate  [het-er-o-mas' -tig-at)  [erepoc,  other, 
different ;  fidarig,  a  whip].  In  biology,  having  more 
than  one  kind  of  flagellum. 

Heteromerous  [het-er-om' '-er-us)  [erepoc,  other  ;  fiepog, 
a  part].  In  biology,  having  homologous  parts  di- 
versely composed. 

Heteromorphism  [het-er-o-mor' '-fiz»i)  [trrpoc,  other  ; 
fiopffj,  form].  A  condition  marked  by  difference  in 
form,  as  compared  with  the  normal  form.  In  chem- 
istry, the  property  of  crystallizing  in  different  forms. 
In  biology:  I.  A  state  of  deviation  from  a  type  or 
norm.  2.  Exhibiting  different  forms  at  different 
stages  in  the  life-history. 

Heteromorphosis  [het-er-o-mor-for-sis)  \j repor,  other ; 
fi6p<puoiq,  formation].  Malformation  or  deformity; 
any  disease  characterized  by  deformity. 

Heteromorphous  [het-er-o-mor' -/us)  [erepof ,  other  ; 
uop<pij,  form].      Differing  from  the  normal  in  form. 

Heteronephrotrophy    [het-er-o-nef-rof  -ro-fe)     [erepoc, 


other;  .    kidney;  nutrition].      Malnu- 

trition or  degeneration  of  any  part  of  die  kidney. 

Heteronomous  [het-er-on' '-o-tnus)  [irtpor,  other ;  r 
law].      In  biology,  divei  n   in  any  series  or  set 

of  morphologically  related  structures  through  special- 
ization. 

Heteronomy  [het-er-on' '-o-me)  [erepoc,  other;  vopoc, 
law],  i.  Subordination  to  a  law  of  adaptive  modifi- 
cation. 2.  'I  in- presence  of  segmentation.  Cf.  Auton- 
omy and  //<>///  nomy. 

Heteronym  [hef '-er-o-nim  |  [  repoc,  other;  bwpa,  name]. 
An  unrelated  synonym;  a  name  in  one  language  that 
corresponds  to  the  same  name  in  another  language,  but 
1m-  no  near  derivative  relationship  thereto. 

Heteronymous  [het-er-on' '-im  m  i  [erepoc,  other;  bwpa, 
name].  Not  homonymous ;  applied  tocrossed  double 
visual  images,  such  as  are  seen  when  there  is  a  rela- 
tive divergence  of  the  eyes. 

Heteronymy    [het-er-on' '-im-e)    [erepoc,   other;   in  vim, 
name].      A  system  of  polyglot  nomenclature  in  which 
exact  synonyms   are   used  in   each  language  to  repi' 
sent  corresponding  but  unrelated   words  in   other  lan- 
guages ;   compare  paronym  v. 

Hetero-osteoplasty  [hef  -er-o-os'  -te-o-plas-te)  \j~epoc,, 
other;  borkm  ,  bone  ;  -/acattv,  to  form].  The  surgi- 
cal grafting  of  bone,  especially  with  a  graft  taken 
from  a  bone  of  one  of  the  lower  animals. 

Heteropagus  [het-er-opr -ag-us)  \erepoi  ,oth<  r;  _,,  virvat, 
to  unite].  A  monstrosity  with  normal  head,  upper 
and  lower  extremities,  but  with  a  parasite  attached  to 
the  anterior  abdominal  wall.  The  parasite  has  a  head 
and  extremities. 

Heteropathic  [het-er-o-path' '-ik)  \jrepor,  other ;  Tradoq, 
disease].  Pertaining  to  or  making  use  of  hetero- 
pathy. 

Heteropathy  [het-er-op1 '-ath-e)  [erepoc,  other ;  -adoq, 
affection].  The  treatment  of  a  disease  by  inducing  a 
different  morbid  condition  to  neutralize  it.  Abnormal 
reaction  to  stimulus  or  irritation. 

Heteropelmous  [het-er-o-pel' -mus)  [erepoc,  different  ; 
•Kekiia,  the  sole  of  the  foot].  In  biology',  applied  to 
birds  in  which  each  of  the  flexor  tendons  of  the  sole 
of  the  foot  splits  into  two. 

Heterophagous  [het-er-off' '-ag-us)  [hepor,  other,  differ- 
ent;  (payeiv,  to  eat].  In  biology,  applied  to  young 
animals  that  require  to  be  fed  by  the  parents  ;  altri- 
cial. 

Heterophemism  [het-er-off' '-em-izm).  See  Heterophemy. 

Heterophemy   [het-er-off' '-em-e)   [erepoc,  other;   <p 
utterance].      The  utterance  of  one  thing  when  another 
is  intended  ;   heterolalia. 

Heterophonia  [het-er-o-fo' '-ne-ah)  [erepoc,  other;  tpuvij, 
voice].      Abnormal  quality  or  perversion  of  the  voice. 

Heterophoralgia  [het-er-o-for-al' '-je-ah)  [erepoc,  other; 
ipopdg,  tending;  akyoq,  pain].  Eye-strain  or  ocular 
pain  caused  by  heterophoria. 

Heterophoria  [het-er-o-fo' -re-ah)  [erepoc,  different ; 
Qopor,  tending].  A  tending  of  the  visual  lines  in 
some  other  way  than  that  of  parallelism.  It  may  be 
Esophoria,  a  tending  of  the  lines  inward  ;  or  Exo- 
phoria,  outward  ;  or  Hyperphoria,  a  tending  of  the 
right  or  left  visual  line  in  a  direction  above  its  fellow  ; 
Hyperesophoria,  a  tending  of  the  visual  lines  upward 
and  inward  ;   Hyperexophoria,  upward  and  outward. 

Heterophoric  (het-er-o-fo' '-rik)  \krepoq,  other;  <popo<;, 
tending].      Due  to  heterophoria. 

Heterophthongia  [het-er-off-thong'  -e-ah)  [erepoc,  other  ; 
dddyyoc,  sound].      Synonym  of    Ventriloquism. 

Heterophyadic  [het-er-o-fi-aoV -ik)  [erepoc,  other,  dif- 
ferent ;  en  mill  it,  to  grow].  In  biology,  characterized 
by  producing  two  kinds  of  stems,  e.g.,  one  fertile,  the 
succeeding  one  sterile. 


Hill  ROPHN  II  0 


HEXANE 


Heterophyllous 

■  !  in  the 

the 
lally  beli 

■  I  part, 

it  in 


Hetcr 


Hetei 


J. 

ther; 

1  2. 

- 

i  another 


rosopus  •   "ther; 

inus  or 

.  other ; 
stud)  r  science 
:  r  than  those  of 

gy,  having  the  wings 
in  the  bu 

Lite. 

,  oth  r ;    - ■■■- 
- 
Het'  .    other, 

ly].      In  biology,  having  the  body 
.  hum  a  type. 
r,  differ- 
In    biology,  b  -  of 
ind     / 
rostrophy                                                       r,  differ- 

il  in  the 

rent ;  a~\ 

■■'/        'axis. 
- 

isionally 

urn. 

i  I  i    abdo- 

ith  nutrition  or  func- 

irts.     The 

I    i 
1  i  irraal    tissue, 

i   of  the  brain,  in 


>und  transplanted 
■  as  sociated 


[.    In 
Heterotrophy  ah, 


Any  perversion  or  disorder  of  nutrition,  local  > >r 
general.  I"  biology,  obtaining  nourishment  by  some 
abnormal  <>r  unusual  arrangement. 

Heterotopia  [het-er-o-trop1 '-e-ak).     See  Strabismus. 

Heterotropic  '.    i|   - ,  other,  different ; 

.  a  turning].  In  biology,  applied  to  plants  the 
different  organs  of  which  behave  differently  under  the 
same  form  of  irritation      Cf.  Anisotropic. 

Heterotropous    [hel-er-ot* '-ro-pus)    [erepoc,    different; 

.  turning].      In  biology,  applied  to  any  organ  or 

part   which   is  turned   in  an   unus  ial  direction,  as  an 

embryo  transverse  to  the  axis  ol  the  seed;  amphitro- 

Heterotypic   [het-er-o-tip'-ik),  Heterotypical  {het-er-o- 
tip'-ik-al)  [■■  "■  /'"■'.   "ther;     rviroc,  pattern].     Applied 
rosity  consisting  of  a   well  developed  fetus 
from  which  grows  an  immature  secondary  fetus. 

Heterotypus  pu  |  (    repoc,  different;  rinrog, 

a  type],  A  double  monster  having  the  parasitic 
fetus  hanging  from  the  ventral  wall  of  the  principal 
subj 

Heteroxanthin  {het- er-o-zan* -thin)  \jtrepog,  other; 
,  yellow],  C6H6N402.  A  leukomaine  isolated 
from  urine  in  1 884.  In  composition  it  is  methyl-xan- 
thin,  and  it  i-  intermediate  between  \anthin  and  para- 
xanthin  or  dimethyl-xanthin ;  it  exists  in  the  urine  of 
man  in  the  same  proportion  as  para- xan  thin.  It  occurs 
in  larger  amount  in  the  urine  of  leukemic  patients. 
It  is  crystalline,  soluble  in  hoi  water,  insoluble  in 
alcohol  and  1  ther.  It  is  thought  by  Solomon  to  have 
its  origin  in  the  kidney.  It--  physiologic  action  is  not 
yet  fully  known.  Xanthin,  heteroxanthin.  and  para- 
xanthin  form  normally  an  homologous  series  of  xan- 
thin  bodies  in  the  urine. 

Heubner's  Disease.  Syphilitic  disease  of  the  cerebral 
arteries.      See  Diseases,   TabL 

Heuchera  {huf -ker-ah) .     See  Alum-root. 

Heurteloup  (her' -tel-up)  [after  Baron  Heurteloup,  the 
inventor].      An  artificial  leech  or  cupping-apparatus. 

Hewitt's  Mixture.  A  mixture  used  in  treating  chlo- 
rosis.  It  consists  of  compound  spirit  of  ether,  com- 
pound tincture  of  lavender,  and  aromatic  spirit  of 
ammonia,  each  2  drams ;  water  sufficient  to  make  2 
ounces.  <  >f  this  one  dram  is  given  every  two  or  three 
hour-. 

Hewson's  Dressing.  An  application  for  wounds, 
tumors,  etc.,  consisting  of  dry  earth  containing  about 
50  per  cent,  of  clay.  H.'s  Experiments,  experi- 
ments made  to  prove  that  the  blood  vessels  exert  a 
restraining  influence  on  coagulation. 

Hexabasic  [fieks-ah-ba' -sik)  [ef,  six;  fiaoig,  a  base]. 
Replaceable  by  six  basic  atoms. 

Hexactinal  [heks-ak' '-tin-al)  [.,-,  six;  auric,  ray].  In 
biology,  bearing  >ix  rays. 

Hexad  id)     [e£ac,    six].        In    chemistry,    an 

elemenl  thi  I  which  have  six  times  tin    saturat- 

ing  power  or  equivalence  of  the  hydrogen  atom. 

Hexadactylism  [heks-ad-ak' '-til-izm)  [.■,-<"■,  six;  daicrv- 
>'/c,  a  linger],      I  laving  six  fingers  or  toes. 

Hexagynian  \heks-aj-inf  e  an)  [.■_-.  six  ;  ywij,  female]. 
In  biology,  I  i     pistils  or  -ivies. 

Hexahydric    Alcohols   iheks-ah-ki'-drik).     See 

Hexamerous   {heks-am'-er-us)   [ef,   six  ;    fikpog,  part]. 

In  biology,  having  six  parts,  or  the  part-  in  sixes. 
Hexandrous  {heks-an* -drus)  [•■,-,  -ix  ;  avf/p,  male].     In 

biology,  having  six  stamens.      It  is  also  called  Hexan 

drious,  //■  xandrian. 
Hexane  [hek  '  an)  [el-ag,  six],CgHM.     The  sixth  mem 

!    hydrocarbons.      It   is  a 

liquid,  boiling  al  about  7I°C. ,  found  in  various  natural 

oils 


HEXAPETALOUS 


:,ti7 


HKill 


Hexapetalous  [heks-ap-eP-al-us)  [•;,  -ix  ;  irir&tov ,  a 
leaf].      In  biology,  having  six  petals. 

Hexaphyllous  [heks-af-il' '-us)  [ef,  -i\  ;  9/ //or,  leaf]. 
In  biology,  having  -i\  leaves  or  leaflets. 

Hexapod  (Aeks/ -ap-od)  [>;,  six  ;  mbg,  foot].  In 
biology,  having  -i\  feet,  as  the  true  insects. 

Hexapodan  [heks-ap'-o-dan).     Same  as  Hexapod. 

Hexapterous     [heks-apf-ter-u  |     [     ,    six  ;     -7(/»'  . 
wing].      In   biology,    having  six    wings   or    wing  like 
appendages. 

Hexastemonous  [heks-as-tem' '-o-nus)  [cf,  six  ;  arfiuuv, 
warp,  taken  as  stamen].     Same  as  Hexandrous. 

Hexastichous  (heks-as' '-tik-us)  [kS-aort  |<»,  of  six  row.-], 
in  biology,  having  the  parts  or  organs  arranged  in  six 
rows. 

Hexatomic  {Jieks-at-om' r-ik)  [.:"<,  six;  arouog,  an 
atom].  In  chemistry,  consisting  of  six  atom-.;  also 
applied  to  atoms  that  are  hexavalent,  and  to  alcohols 
or  other  compounds  having  six  replaceable  hydrogen 
atoms. 

Hexavalent  [heks-avt -al-ent)  [.';</<;,  six;  valens, having 
power].  In  chemistry,  having  the  same  saturating  or 
combining-power  as  six  hydrogen  atoms,  or  a  valence 
of  six. 

Hexicology  [heks-ik-oV-o-je).     Sec  Hexioi 

Hexiology  [heks-e-ol' '-o-je)  [efif,  habit ;  Tubyog,  science]. 
The  science  of  the  relations  of  the  organism  to  its 
environment. 

Hexoses  (heks-o1 '-sez)  [e£ac,  six].  The  aldehyd  or 
ketone  derivatives  of  the  hexahydric  alcohols.  They 
occur  frequently  in  plants,  especially  in  ripe  fruit-. 
They  are  formed  by  the  hvdrolytic  decomposition  of 
all  disaccharids  and  polysaccharides  when  they  are 
bailed  with  dilute  acids,  or  acted  upon  by  ferments. 
They  possess  feeble  reducing-power.  They  precipitate 
cuprous  oxid  from  warm  alkaline  cupric  solutions,  one 
molecule  of  hexose  precipitating  about  five  atoms  of 
copper.  This  is  the  basis  of  the  method  for  the  vol- 
umetric estimation  of  glucose  by  means  of  Fehling's 
solution.  When  exposed  to  Schizomycetes  the  hexoses 
readily  undergo  fermentation.  See  Carbohydrates, 
Table  of. 

Hexylamin  {heks-il'-am-in).     See  Caproylamin. 

Hey's  Hernia.  See  Hernia,  Encysted.  H.'s  Liga- 
ment.    See  Ligament. 

Hiation  {hi-af-shun)  Xkiare,  to  gape].  The  act  of  gap- 
ing or  yawning      Cf.  Pandiculation. 

Hiatus  {hi-a'-tus)  \hiare,  to  gape].  A  space  or  open- 
ing. Also,  the  vulva.  H.  aorticus.  See  Aortic 
Opening.  H.  of  Fallopius,  the  shallow  groove  on 
the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone.  H. 
sacralis,  a  slit-like  opening  on  the  po-terior  surface 
of  the  sacrum.  It  is  continuous  above  with  the  spinal 
canal.  H.  semilunaris,  a  crescentic  furrow  upon 
the  outer  wall  of  the  middle  meatus  of  the  nose. 

Hibernaculum  [hi-ber-nak' '-u-lum)  [I..,  a  winter  resi- 
dence :  //.  ,Hibemaculd\  .  In  biology, an  organ  fitted  to 
protect  delicate  parts  during  the  winter ;  a  winter  bud. 

Hibernation  [hi-ber- na'-shun)  \hibernus,  winter].  The 
dormant  condition  or  winter-sleep  of  certain  animals, 
notably  bears,  hedgehogs,  etc.,  in  which  animation  i- 
almost  suspended.  Respiration  and  circulation  are 
greatly  reduced,  and  nutrition  is  performed  mainly  at 
the  expense  of  the  fatty  tissues  of  the  animal. 

Hiccup,  or  Hiccough  (hik'-up)  \hic,  a  mimic  word; 
MK.,  cough,  a  cough].  A  spasmodic  contraction  of 
the  diaphragm  causing  inspiration,  followed  by  a 
sudden  closure  of  the  glottis. 

Hickory  [hikf-or-e)  [an  American  Indian  name].  The 
bark  of  shellbark  hickory,  Hicoria,  or  Carya  alba ; 
it  is  tonic  and  anti-intermittent,  and  useful  in  malarial 
fevers.     Dose  of  the  tld.  ext.   3  ss-j.      Unof. 


Hicks  (Braxtoni,  Method  of.  In  obstetrics  a  method 
of  performing  version.  It  is  the  bipolar  or  combined 
interna]  and  external,  method.  H.,  Sign  of.  See 
Sigm  'in,/  Symptom.*,    Table  of. 

Hidden  Seizure.  A  popular  name  for  various  form- of 
slight  or  sudden  epileptiform  attacks. 

Hide  [hid)  [ME.,  hide,  -kin].  The  skin  of  an  animal. 
Ihi-  skins oi  the  ox,  cow,  buffalo, horse,  etc. ,  that  are 
utilized  in  tin-  manufai  ture  of  Leather,  are  especially 
-■,  termed.  If  obtained  from  younger  animals  of  the 
-nne  kind,  they  are  called  kips.  H. -bound  Disease. 
Scleroderma.  H. -bound  Skin.  See  Sclero- 
derma.   H.-glue.     See  Glue. 

Hidro-   (/ii/-dro-)    [Idp&g,  sweat].     A  prefix  signifying 

SWc 

Hidroa  (hid-ro'-ah)  [idpoa,  sweat-pots;  sudamina]. 
Sudamina;  any  dermal  lesion  associated  with  or 
caused  by  profuse  sweating. 

Hidrocystoma  [hid-ro-sis-to' '-mah)  [ISpua,  sudamina; 
Kvorig,  a  cyst;  bua,  a  tumor:  pi.,  HidrocystomataV. 
A  variety  of  sudamina  appearing  on  the  face,  especi- 
ally in  women  in  middle  and  advanced  life. 

Hidromancy  [hid/-ro  manse)   [idp&g,   sweat ;    pxn  1 
divination].      The  forming  of  a  prognosis  from  exami- 
nation of  the  perspiration. 

Hidronosus  [hid-ron' '-o-sus)  [Idp&g,  sweat ;  v6aog,  dis- 
ease].     Any  disease  of  the  sweat-glands. 

Hidropedesis  {hid-ro-ped-e'-sis)  [idpuc,  sweat ;  -i,<  >  . 
a  leaping].      Excessive  sweating. 

Hidroplania  [hid-ro-pla' -ne-ah)  [id/wic,  sweat ;  ~'/drr/, 
a  wandering].  Sweating  in  an  unusual  portion  of  the 
body. 

Hidropoiesis  {hid-ro-poi-e' '-sis)  \i6phg,  sweat  ;  iroiieiv, 
to  make].  The  process  of  the  formation  and  excre- 
tion of  sweat. 

Hidropoietic  {hid-ro-poi-e^ -ik)  \l8pug,  sweat ;  ttouciv, 
to  make].      Relating  to  hidropoiesis  ;   sudoriparous. 

Hidrorrhea  ihid-ror-e' '-ah)  \y6pdg, sweat ;  poia,  a  flow]. 
Excessive  flow  of  sweat. 

Hidrosadenitis  [hid-ros-ad-en-ir-tis)  [I6pag,  sweat; 
adrp>,  gland  ;  trig,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of 
the  sweat-glands. 

Hidroschesis  (hid-ros' '-kes-is)  \l8pfag,  sweat;  <i\>mc, 
retention].      Retention  or  suppression  of  the  sweat. 

Hidrosis  [hid-ro* -sis)  \iSpi>g,  sweat].  1.  The  forma- 
tion and  excretion  of  sweat.  2.  Abnormally  profuse 
sweating.  5.  Any  skin-disease  marked  by  disorder  of 
the  sweat-glands. 

Hidrotic  [hid-rof  -ik)  \_ldpaTuc6g,  producing  sweat].  1. 
Diaphoretic  or  sudorific.  2.  A  medicine  that  causes 
sweating. 

Hidrotopathic  {hid-ro-to-path' -ik)  \\Spug,  sweat  ;   - 
disease].      Relating  to  a  morbid  state  of  the  perspira- 
tory function. 

Hidrotopoiesis  {hid-ro  to-poi-ef -sis)  [idptjr,  sweat ;  - 
eivl.      Same  as  Hidropoiesis. 

Hidrotopoietic  (hid-ro-to-poi-et'-ik).      See  Hidropoietic. 

Hidrozymases  \hi-dro-zi-ma'-sez)\i&pfog,  sweat:  -<////, 
I.  rment].  Sweat-ferments,  including  amylase,  emul- 
sin,  and  pepsin. 

Hiera  picra  {hi'-er-ah  pi'-krah)  [L. ,  sacred  bitter-], 
l'ulvi-  aloes  et  canellre.      See  A! 

Hieracium  [hi-er-a' '-se-um)  [lepaiuov,  hawk- weed].  A 
genus  of  composite  flowered  herbs.  In  the  old  world, 
H.  murorum  and  H.  pilosella,  and  in  tin  I  S., 
H.  scabrum  and  H.  venosum  are  popularly  esteemed 
as  useful  remedies.  They  have  astringent  and  pectoral 
qualities.      Unof. 

Hieralgia  {hi-er-al' -je-ah)  [lepdv,  sacred,  sacrum; 
&Ayog,  pain].     Pain  in  the  sacrum. 

High  (hi)  [MK.,  high,  high].  I.  Elevated  far  above 
a  base.      2.    Intensified  in  physical  quality,  a-  temper- 


HIGHGATE  RESIN  568 


I  UK*  l\ 


H.   Pel. 

H  -rule  Sitting 

:c.  Antrum  :iUV 

:    the  Testicle. 


am, 


In    bi 


H 


H 


I 
H.'s     Muscle 


diarrhea 

:    1       Li.  marked  by 

dy  death. 

g  principally 

.  and  quartz, 


Line. 

'• 


H    i 
Htlum 


i   litti  .  Hila\. 

anovuli 
■ 
ing  in    an   animal 
in  the   internal  or  con- 


Pertaining  to  the 


J   Me:':. 

H. -brain,  a  divi~i.ni  of 

maped  tube  in  the 

iii<-  the  cerebel- 

tii.it  becomes  the  medulla 

H.-gut,  I   the  embryonic  in 

iral  part  of  the  1 

H.-head,  the 
H.-limb.  ;    limbs  of  a 

lint 

id  .  form]. 

-    of    which 
right  angles  to 


In 

are 
the 


i.   The  upper  part  of  the  thigh 

..'.    Tin-    hip-joint. 

ect's  leg.     4.     I  'o 

rose,      Confection 

H.-bath.     See  Bath. 

H  -bone,  H. -girdle,  ill''  pelvic  arch. 

H  -    tint,  femur    with     the 

H. -joint   Dis- 
ea -•'■.  nl  ;    an  affection    of 

-   in  the  bead  of 

ibulum,  or  in   the   synovial  mem 

joint,    di 

,  and  .  Irlhritic. 

ixalgia), 

.  used 

hip].      In  obstetri 

. 

Hipj 


horse  ;   ai 

in    which    the 


II 


1   phy 

ry. 

.  1 

P 


Hippocampal  [Aip-o-kam/-pal)\lmrog,  horse;  mfiirog, 
.1  sea  monster.]     Relating  to  the  hippocampus. 

Hippocampus  Miip-o-kam' -pus)  [tn-jroc,  horse;  K,nnrog, 
a  sea-monsti  1  |  \  name  applied  to  two  elevations, 
//.  major  and  //.  minot .  the  former  situated  in  the  in- 
ferior, and  tin-  latter  in  the  posterior  horn  of  the 
ventricles  of  the  brain.  When  the  name  Hippocam- 
is  used  alone,  the  H.  maj'oris  meant. 

Hippocoryza  {hip-o-ko-ri' -zah) .     Synonym  of  Equinia. 

Hippocras  [Aij/  -o-kras)\lirirog,  horse  ;  uparog,  strength]. 
\n  0[(j  ;  1  cordial  or  liquor,  made  of  red  wine, 

sweetened  and  flavored. 

Hippocrates'  Bandage.     See  Bandage. 

Hippocratic    [tiip-o-krat'-ik)     [Hippocrates,    a    (ireek. 
physician  of  the  fourth  century].      Pertaining  to  Hip- 
rates.     H.  Expression,  an  anxious  expression  "I 
the    countenance,  described  as  characteristic  ol  pen 
tonitis.    H.   Face.  See  Fades.     H.    Finger.  See  //. 
Nail.     H.    Nail,   a  peculiar   curvation    of  the   nails 
11   in   pulmonary  tuberculosis  and  other  lung  dis 
eases.     They  are  curved,  longitudinally  striated,  over 
lapping  the   finger   like  the   beak  of  a  parrot.     The 
condition    is    also    called    Hippocratic   Finger.      H. 
Sound.     See  Succussion-sound. 

Hippocratism  [Aip-okf -rat-izm)  [Hippocrates,  a  (Ireek 
physician].  Hippocrates'  doctrine  of  imitating  nature 
in  the  treatment  of  disease. 

Hippocrepian  {hip-o-kre' -pe-an)  [i--or,  ahorse  ;  upr/nig, 
a  boot].  In  biology,  horse-shoe-shaped;  hippocrepi- 
form,  as  a  certain  deformity  of  the  kidney. 

Hippocrepiform  {kip-o-krep'-if-orm).  See  Hippocre- 
pian. 

Hippolith  [hip' -o-lith)  [)~-<>r,  horse;  Tufiog,  stone].     A 
calculus    or   bezoar    found    in    the    stomach   of    the 
■  horse. 

Hippology  (Aip-oP-o-je)  [lirirog,  horse;  ?.6yog,  knowl- 
edge].     The  anatomy,  pathology,  etc.,  of  the  horse. 

Hippomane  (Aip-om/-an-e)  [lirirofiavig ;  lirirog,  horse; 
uavia,  madness  ;  the  ancients  believed  that  horses 
were  madly  fond  of  a  plant  called  by  this  name].  A 
1  us  of  euphorbiaceous  trees.  H.  mancinella  and 
H.  spinosa,  the  manchineal  trees  of  tropical  America, 
are  extremely  acrid  and  poisonous,  even  to  the 
touch.  They  are  used  locally  in  medicine,  especially 
in  skin-diseases.      Unof. 

Hippomelanin  [hip-o  meP -an-in)  [lirirog, horse ;  ///><", 
black],  A  pigment  found  in  melanotic  tumors  in 
horses. 

Hippopathology  [hip-o-path-oV-o-je)  [lirirog,  horse; 
jrddog,  disease;  >«;<».  science].  The  science  of  the 
diseases  of  the  horse. 

Hippophagy  {hip-off'  a-je)  [lirirog,  horse;  tpayeiv,  to 
eat].     The  eating  of  horse  flesh. 

Hipposteology  [Aip-os-te-oP  -o-je)  [lirirog,  horse  ;  barkov, 
bone;  cience].     The  science  of  osteology  as 

applied  to  the  horse. 

Hippotomy  (Aip-ot'-o-me)  [lirirog,  horse ;  TOfirj,  a  cut- 
ting].      I  he  anatomy  or  dissection  of  the  horse. 

Hippurate    (hip'//  1,1.       \  .   horse;   iii-/><>r,    urine]. 

\ny  --.ilt  of  hippuric  a<  id,  </.  t. 

Hippuria  {kip-u' '-re-ati)  [/rrrn,  .  horse;  ovpov,  urine]. 
I  iccess  of  hippuric  acid  in  the  urine,  e . g. ,  after  medi 
cation  with  hen/.  >ii    acid, 

Hippuric  Acid  [hip-tt' -rik).     See  Add. 

Hippuris  ( hip  u'  ris)  [lirirovptg, horse-tail],   1.    A  genus 
of  halorageaceous  aquatic  herbs,  common  in  all  cool 
jions.      H.  vulgaris  is  astringent.       I'nof.      2.    The 
tuda  equina,  q.  v. 

Hippus  {Aipf-us)    [lirirog,    horse,  from    analogy  to    the 
movement  of  this  animal].   Spasmodic  pupillary  move 
ment,  independent  of  the  action  of  light. 

Hircin  (Aer^-sin).     See  Acid,  I  Hide. 


nii<<  :iNOl  s 


569 


IK  (ARSEN1  5S 


Hircinous  [her  si,-nus\  [Aircinus,  ofi  goat].  In  )>i<>logy, 
having  a  goat-like  odor. 

Hircismus  [Aer-siz/-mus)  [Aircus,  a  goat].  The  goat- 
like  odor  sometimes  emitted  by  the  human  axilla. 

Hircus    (Aer^-kus)  [L.,  "goat  "].     The  tragus. 

Hirschfeld's  Ganglion.    See  Ganglia,   Table  of. 

Hirsute  [Aer-sutf)   [Airsutus,  rough,  shaggy].      In   1mm 
logy,  thicklj  covered  with  rough,  shaggy  hair. 

Hirsuties  [Aer-su' -te-iz)  [Airsutus,  shaggy].  Hyper 
trichosis;  hypertrichiasis ;  polytrichia;  trichauxis ; 
that  condition  in  which  the  hair-,  of  the  body  are  in- 
creased in  aumber  or  size,  or  grow  in  unusual  situa- 
tions, or  in  normal  situations  in  unusual  length  or 
number.  H.  gestationis,  a  growth  of  hair  about  the 
chin  ami  lips  in  women  in   the  course  of  pregnancy. 

Hirsutocinereous  [Aer-su-to-sin-e1 '-re-u  )  [Airsutus, 
hairy;  cinereous,  ashy].  In  biology,  having  a  hairy 
coat  of  an  ashy-gray  color. 

Hirtellous  lAer-tel' '-its)  [Airtus,  hairy].  Minutely  hir- 
sute ;    Stiffly  pubescent. 

Hirudiniculture  [Ai-ru/-din-e-kul-cAitr)  [Airudo,  leech  ; 
cultura,  culture].  The  artificial  breeding  and  rearing 
of  leeches. 

Hirudo  [Ai-ru/-do)[h.  :  pi. ,  Hirudines"].  The  leech,  q.v. 

His,  Bursa  of.  A  dilatation  of  the  end  of  the  archen- 
teron  described  by  His  in  a  human  embryo.  H.'s 
Granule-cell,  a  granular  cell  resembling  a  leuko- 
cyte, found  in  the  ovarian  stroma.  H.'s  Tissue,  a 
synonym  of  Adenoid    Tissue. 

Hispid  lAis/-pid)  [Aispidus,  bristly].  In  biology, 
bristly.  Beset  with  rigid,  spreading  hairs  or  minute 
spines. 

Hispidulous  [Ais-pid* '-u-lus)  [hispidus,  hairy].  In 
botany,  minutely  hispid  ;   having  short,  stiff  hairs. 

Histioid  [Ais/-te-oid).     See  Histoid. 

Histochemic  [Ais-to-kem' -ik)  [iaror,  tissue;  ^-///ie/a, 
chemistry].      Relating  to  histochemistry. 

Histochemistry  [Ais-to-kem' '-is-tre)  [iardr,  tissue; 
1  ',/'•'"'.  chemistry].  The  chemistry  of  the  histologic 
elements  of  the  body. 

Histodialysis  [Ais-to-di-aP '-is-is)  [Iaror ,  web  ;  6id?ivair, 
a  resolution].     The  dissolution  of  organic  tissue. 

Histogenesis  [Ais-to-jen' -es-is)  [lords,  web ;  yevecis, 
generation].  In  biology,  the  process  of  formation  of 
cells  and  cell-products. 

Histogenetic  [Ais-to-jen-eP-ik)  [iaror,  web ;  yewav,  to 
produce].      Relating  to  histogenesis. 

Histogeny    {/lis-toj'-en-e).     See  Histogenesis. 

Histography  [Ais-togf -ra-fe)  [iaroq,  tissue ;  ypadf.Lv,  to 
write].  A  description  or  written  account  of  the 
tissues. 

Histohematin  [Ais-to-Aem' -at-in)  [iaror,  web ;  alfia, 
blood].  I.  A  pigmentary  extractive  of  the  suprarenal 
bodies  ;  it  is  found  also  in  various  other  tissues  in  the 
lower  animals.  2.  One  of  a  class  of  respiratory  pig- 
ments; the  intrinsic  coloring-matters  of  the  organs  and 
tissues  of  invertebrates.  The  AisloAematins  are  of 
wide-spread  occurrence  in  the  tissues  of  both  verte- 
brates and  invertebrates.  The  best  known  is  that  found 
in  muscles,  viz.,  myohematin,  </.  v. 

Histoid  (Jiis'-toid)  [iaror,  web;  eldog,  likeness].  Per- 
taining to  tissue  derived  from  the  mesoblast,  as  a  his- 
toid tumor.      See  Neoplasm. 

Histokinesis    [Ais-to-kin-e,-sis)    [iaror,  tissue  ;  km 
movement].       Movement     that    takes     place     in     the 
minute  structural  elements  of  the  body. 

Histologic,  Histological  [Ais-to-loj'-ik,  his-to-loj' -ik-al) 
[lords,  tissue  ;   Myos,  science].     Relating  to  histology. 

Histologist  [Ais-tol'-o-jist)\lor6s,  tissue  ;  '/ud,,r,  science]. 
One  who  is  expert  in  histology. 

Histology  (his-tol'-o-je)  [iaror,  tissue  ;  16yoq,  science]. 
The  study  of  the  intimate  structure  of  tissues. 


Histolysis  [Ais-tol* '-is-is)  [lords,  tissue  ;  Tlvoit,  dissolu- 
tion!.    I  Hsintegration  and  dissolution  of  organic  ti- 

Histolytic  [Ais-tol-if '-ik)  [iaror,  tissue ;  t.vaiq,  dissolu- 
tion].     Pertaining  to  histolysis. 

Histomorphology  [Ais-to-morf-ol' -o-je)  [lords,  tissue; 
uoptjtff,  form;  "Kdyos,  science].  The  morphology  of 
the  hiistologi"   el<  ments  ol  the  body. 

Histon  (his'-tou)   [lards,  tissue]       A   proteid   pre] 
from  the  nuclei  ol  ceils.     It  belongs  to  the  group  of 
proteids  known  as  albumoses  or  prop*  ptones. 

Histonomy  [Ais-ton' -o-me)  [iaror,  tissue  ;  vdfioq,  a  law]. 
The  laws  of  the  development  and  arrangement  of  or- 
ganic tissue. 

Histopathology     [Ais-to-patA-oV '-o-j'e)     [iaror,    tissue ; 
disease;   M>yos,  science].     The  study  of  minute 
pathologic  changes  or stat 

Histophysiology  [his-to-fiz-e-ol' -o-je)  [iaror,  web,  tis 
sue;  fyvois,  nature;  "Kdyos,  science].  The  science  of 
the  functions  of  the  various  tissues. 

History  [Ais'-tor-e)  TloTopia,  a  learning  by  inquiry].  A 
narrative  ;  -lory.  H.,  Biologic,  the  life  -lory  of  any 
animal.  H.,  Medical,  the  account  obtained  from  a 
patient  as  to  his  health,  past  and  present,  and  the 
symptoms  of  hi-  disease. 

Histotome  [Ais' -to-torn)    [iaror,  tissue;   TOfids,  cutting]. 
A    microtome   or    other    apparatus    for  cutting   ti 
for  the  study  of  its  minute  structure. 

Histotomy  [Ais-tof '-o-me)  [iaror  ti  ,  to  cut]. 

The  dissection  of  any  organic  tissue. 

Histotripsy  [Ais-to-tripf -se)  [iaror,  web;  rpitjur,  a 
crushing].     The  crushing  of  tissues  by  an  ecraseur. 

Histotromy  [Ais-tof -ro-me)  [lords,  tissue;  rpofior,  tre- 
mor].    Fibrillary  contraction. 

Histotrophic  [Ais-to-trof -ik)  [ia-or,  tissue ;  rporpr/, 
nourishment].     Concerning  the  nutrition  ot  the  tissues. 

Histozyme  [Aisf -to-zlm)  [lords,  tissue ;  -•'■..  leaven]. 
A  ferment  found  by  Schmiedeberg  in  the  kidneys  of 
pigs,  and  concerned  in  splitting  up  hippuric  acid. 

Histrionic   [Ais-tre-on' -ik)   [Aistrio,  an  actor].      Dram 
atic.     H.  Mania,  insanity  with  affectation  and  lofty 
manner.     H.  Muscles,  the  expressional    muscles  of 
the  face.       H.  Spasm,  spasm  of  the  histrionic  mus- 
cles. 

Histrionism  [AisJ ' -tre-on-izm)  [Aistrio,  a  player]. 
I  hramatic  action  in  insanity  or  in  hysteria. 

Hitooch  (//it-oos/d).     See  HitoucA. 

Hitouch  [hit-oosh')  [Heb.].  Hitooch;  the  first  step 
in  the  Jewish  rite  of  circumcision.  It  consists  in  cut- 
ting off  the  prepuce. 

Hives  [Alvz)  [origin  uncertain].  A  name  loosely  ap- 
plied to  almost  any  papular  eruption  of  the  skin.  In 
Great  Britain,  the  term  is  applied  to  croup,  laryngitis, 
and  to  ckicken-pox ;  in  the  United  States  it  is  limited 
to  a  transitory  form  of  urticaria,  </.  7'. 

Hive-syrup.     See  Scilla  and  Antimonium. 

Hoang-nan,  or  Hwang-nao  [Awang-nou/)  [Chinese]. 
A  Chinese  preparation  obtained  from  the  bark  of 
StrycAnos  gaultAeriana.  Its  properties  are  due  to  a 
-mall  percentage  of  strychnin.  It  is  recommended  as 
an  alterative  in  syphilis,  leprosy,  and  similar  dis( 
and  is  an  alleged  preventive  of  hydrophobia  if  given 
in  large  doses  gr.  xv  |  during  the  period  of  incubation. 
Hose  of  the  powdered  drug  gr.  iij-v  ;  of  the  aceto-al- 
coholic  extract  gr.    '  s-'j:  of  the  tinct.  rnj-v. 

Hoar  [Aor)  [ME.,  Aore,  hoar].     Gray;   old. 

Hoarhound  [Aor'-Aownd).     See  Marrubium. 

Hoariness  (//or'-e-nes).     See  Canities. 

Hoarse  (//ors)  [ME.,  Aoors,  harsh].  Harsh;  grating; 
discordant;    applied  to  the  vo 

Hoarseness  [Aors/-nes)  [ME.,  hoorsnesse, hoarseness]. 
Harshness  of  the  voice  depending  on  some  abnormal 
condition  of  the  larvnx  or  throat. 


Hi  IB  NAIL  I.I  • 


.70 


ll<  ID  '111  AM  ^ 


Hob-nail  Liver,  or  Hob-nailed  Liver     A  livt 

lob-nails;   it 
stent 

Hobokenius.  Valves  of. 

. 

11  WInu-    Hochheimer 

it  ..n 

:  the 

in  in. in.      In 

-.in-  ham. 

Hod|  A ppa  Smith's 

H  D    ease.     - 

H  •  Disease.     Dilatation    of 

with    inflammatory    and 

■i    the     I  "11 

i,  with   dilat.ui.m    of   the 

ni.-nt  of 
the  a  and  dilatatioi 

Hor  raping-instrument 

ii  dentistry. 
H     fmann's    Anodyne.  H.'s    Violet. 

H.'s  Method.     See    Treatment, 

Method.      \  ssion  of  the 

>sure  "ii  the  head 
from  without  upon  the  oc- 

H  Method.     A  metl  moving  pro- 

I"   the  liquid,  i  1   faintly 

mc 

i.l  with    recently 

After   boiling  for   a  few 

i   -"Union   is  obtained   which 

I  his  method  does 

i       \      "Med   pig  ;    a 

.    glutton.      H. -cholera,  a  specific, 

ttended  with  in- 

i.    intestines,    ami 

equently  cough,  and 

m  and  mucous  mem- 

UluS 

H  -,:  .•:.  Wesl  In. linn  resins. 

H        i'otato.     -  H.-weed. 

Hohl's    Metho.!  ng    the  peri- 

ll  i     istam 

anteriorly 
idle  fingers  ; 
"1  lying   neai 


H 

cna 


oul   the 
remedy. 

11  a    furrow  ;     oi 

In    I  th  planted 

11  r].     A  di 

al  op- 

\    '•  lunr 


Hollands  {hol'-ands).     See  Gin. 
Hollek  [hol'-ek\.     Same  as  Hollyhock. 

Hollow-foot  [hol'-O-foot).       See   Cai'lts. 

Holly  [hol'-e).     - 

Hollyhock  [hol'-e-hok)  [AS.,  holihoc,  hollyhock].  A 
name   given   to  the  Alt/:  a   and  other  species  of 

thea. 

Holmgren's  Test.  The  worsted  test  for  color-blind- 
ness.  <  hie  of  the  worsteds  i-  placed  before  the  per- 
son  to  he  tested,  ami  he  is  asked  t.>  match  it  as  nearly 
as  possible. 

Holo-  (hol'-o-)  [8Aoc,  entire].  A  prefix  signifying 
entirety. 

Holoblast  [hoP '-o-blast)  [8Aoc,  whole;  (iXaorSg,  germ]. 
In  biology,  an  ovum  that  undergoes  complete  seg- 
mentation while  germinating. 

Holoblastic    {hol-o-blas/-tik\    [5Aoc,    whole;    fthr- 
germ].      In  biology,    applied   to  egg-,    in    which    the 
entire  yolk  i-.  included  in  the  process  of  segmentation  ; 
.me  in  which  there'  is  no  separate  food-yolk. 

Hologastrula  (hol-o-gas'-tru-lah)  [b'/.oc,  whole;  yac 
stomach:  //. ,    Hologastrulce~\.     In  biology,   the   gas- 
trula  resulting  from  the  development  of  a  holoblastic 
ovum. 

Holometabolian  {hol-o-met-ab-of-le-ari).  Same  as //<>/«- 
metabolic. 

Holometabolic     {Jiol-o-met-ab-oV '-ih)      [<'?«<;,      whole ; 
.  changeable].      In  biology,  applied  to  ani- 
mals that  undergo   complete  metamorphosis  or  trans- 
formation, as  insects. 

Holonarcosis  [hol-o-nar-ko* '-sis)  [6^oc,  complete ; 
vapKuoig,  stupor].      <  'omplete  narcosis. 

Holopathy  [hol-oj/  -ath-e)  [8Aof,  entire  ;  iradog,  disease]. 
I.  A  general  or  constitutional  disease  of  which  a  local 
disorder  is  but  a  manifestation.  2.  The  theory  that 
local  diseases  are  manifestations  of  a  general  disorder. 

Holophanerous  {hol-o-fanf -er-its)  [8foe,  whole; 
tpavep6g,  visible].  In  biology,  discernible  through- 
out, as  the  transformation  of  insects. 

Holophytic  (hol-o-fit' -ik)  [6Aoc,  whole ;  ovn'ir.  plant]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  certain  protozoa  and  other 
animals  that,  in  their  mode  of  nutri tion,  closely  resemble 
plants. 

Holoplexia  (hol-o-plehs'-e-ah)  [j/loc,  whole ;  Tr/.iji-ig,  a 
stroke],      i  lomplete  or  general  paralysis. 

Holopneustic  {hol-op-nu/ -stik)\  vihog,  whole  ;  irvi  voTiK&g, 
tzve'iv,  to  breathe].  In  biology,  applied  to  such  in- 
sect Ian  -  many  pairs  of  open  stigmata,  as 
distinguished  from  those  having  no  open  stigmata, 
apneustic  larvae. 

Holorhinal  [hol-o-ri' '-nal)  [aXog,  whole;  pig,  the  nose]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  the  Gallina  and  other  birds 
having  the  anterior  margin  of  the  nasal  bone  con- 
cave, wiih  two  cornua  directed  forward,  the  processes 
being  continuous  behind  with  the  body  of  the  bone 
and  with  ..in    am >ther. 

Holoschisis     [hol-os' -kis-is)     [''/<»/,    whole;      ax'ioig, 
tvage].      Amitotic  or  indirect  cell-division  ;    ami- 
tosis. 

Holosericeous  [hol-o-ser-isf -e-tis)  [5Aoc,  whole  ;  mjpucSg, 
ot  silk].  In  biology,  covered  with  very  minute  silky 
haii  -. 

HolosteOUS  [hol-OS1 '-te-US\  [<</"'■,  whole  ;  iinzinr.  a 
boi  In     biology,     having     a     completely     I y 

skeleton. 

Holostomatous  (hol-o~sto'-mat-us)  [<>/(«•,  whole  ;  ardfia, 
mouth].  In  biology,  having  the  mouth  entire,  neither 
notched  nor  with   parts  missing. 

Holostomous     [hol-os'-to-mus).     Same   as    Holostoma- 

Holotetanus   [hol-o-tef '-an-us)   \b7j>g,   whole;    rkra 
tetanus].      General  tetanus  ;  called  also  Holotonia. 


Ilni.ui  HE(  Al. 


571 


II'  iMICIDE 


Holothecal  [hol-o-the' -kal\  [8Aoc,  whole;  0*7/07, case]. 
In  biology,  booted;  applied  to  birds  in  which  the  tar- 
sal envelop  is  entire. 

Holotomy  \hol-ot' '-o-»n  |  ["/<»,  whole  ;  riftveiv,  to  cut]. 
1  'omplete  surgical  excision  ol  a  part  nr  organ. 

Holotonia,  or    Holotony  (hol-o-to1 '-ne-aA,  hol-ot'-o 
[o'/or,  entire;    relveiv,  to  stretch].      Sam.'  as  Holotet- 
dints. 

Holotonic     [hol-o-ton1 '-ik\     \b~Kog,    entire;     reiveiv,    to 
stretch].       Relating   to,  or  characterized  by,  holoti  t 
any. 

Holozoic  (hol-o-zof-ifc)  [8Aoc,  wholi  .  an  animal]. 

In    biology,  entirely  resembling   animals  in  mode    of 
nutrition. 

Holthouse,  Hernia  of.     See  Hernia. 

Holting  {kdlt'-ing)  [after  Holt,  the  inventor  of  the 
method].  The  divulsion  of  an  urethral  stricture  by 
Holt's  dilator. 

Holtz  Machine.  A  particular  form  of  electro-static 
induction-machine. 

Homalocephalus    {hom-al-o-sef -al-its)     [wiu'/or,  flat; 
"//,,    the      head].        I.issauer's    term     for    "  tlat- 
headed." 

Homalocoryphus  {kom-al-o-kor* '-if-us)  [oua/6g,  flat; 
Kti/irtjr,,  the  head].  I.issauer's  term  tor  a  skull  in 
which  the  angle  formed  by  two  lines  drawn  from  the 
bregma  and  the  occipital  point  to  the  highest  point 
above  is  between  1320  and  1420. 

Homalogonatous  [hom-al-o-gon'-at-us)  [6/iaUg,  even, 
level;  yovv,  knee].  In  biology,  applied  to  such  birds 
as  possess  an  accessory  femoro-caudal  muscle  and  a 
tufted  oil-gland  and  cocca  ;  the  opposite  of  Anoma- 
logonatous,  in  which  this  combination  is  never  found. 

Homalographic  {kom-al-o-graf -i£)  [bpaMg,  same; 
ypa<peiv,  to  write].  Pertaining  to  homolography.  H. 
Method,  a  method  of  showing  the  structure  of  the 
body  by  means  of  plane  sections  of  a  frozen  body. 

Homalography     {hom-al-og* -ra-j  [6fia'A6g,     level; 

pdipsiv,  to  record].      Anatomy  by  sections  ;   the  repre 
sentation  of  structure  by  means  of  sketches  of  various 
sections. 

Homalometopus  [hom-al-o-met -o'-pus)  \bfixik6g,  flat; 
uf-t,>-nr,  the  space  between  the  eyes].  Lissauer's 
term  for  a  skull  having  a  frontal  angle  between  130.50 
and  14 1°. 

Homalopisthocranius  [horn  -  al-  o-pis-tho  -  kra'-ne-us) 
[<>i<a?6c,  flat;  brciadev,  behind  ;  upaviur,  the  skull]. 
Lissauer's  term  for  a  skull  in  which  the  angle  formed 
by  lines  joining  the  external  occipital  protuberance 
and  the  occipital  point  with  the  highest  point  of  the 
skull  is  between  1400  and  1540. 

Homalosternal  {kom-al-o-ster'-nal)  [oua/.oc,  even, 
level ;  aripvav,  sternum].  Tn  biology,  having  a  raft- 
like or  keelless  sternum  ;   ratite,  as  certain  birds. 

Homaluranus  (kom-al-u-raf-nus\  [oua'/ur,  flat;  ovpd, 
a  tail].  Lissauer's  term  for  a  skull  in  which  the 
angle  formed  by  lines  joining  the  occipital  point  and 
the  bregma  with  the  highest  point  of  the  skull  is 
betwen  147.50  and  l()3-5°- 

Homatropin  {hom-at'-ro-pin).      See  Atropin. 

Homeo-  {Ao/-me-o-)  [o/noioc,  like].  A  prefix  signifying 
like  or  similar. 

Homeobiophorid  (ho-me-o-bi-off'-or-id')  [b/ioiog,  like; 
< '" ,  life  ;  o.w).'/)  ,  to  bear].  In  biology,  Weismann's 
name  forthe  lowest  and  most  primitive  undifferentiated 
organism  conceivable,  having  the  form  of  a  single 
biophore,  or  of  a  number  of  similar  biophores.  in  which 
multiplication  and  transmission  would  occur  together. 
no  special  apparatus  being  required  for  the  latter  pro- 
cess, as  a  reproduction  by  binary  fusion  must  result 
in  two  corresponding  halves,  each  containing  similar 
biophores.  and  each  of  which,  simply  by  the  multipli- 


cation of  its  unit-,  is  able  to  give  risi  to  a  compact 
organism  like'  the  parent.     '  f.  //  (erobiopkorid. 

Homeochronous  (//»  me-o&'-ro-nus)  [b/iotog,  like,  simi- 
lar;   l/»'i'»,    time].        In    biology,    true    ontogenetic 
sequence  ;  appearance  in  proper  order  in  time  ;  applied 
lo  animals,  organs,  or  hereditary  trait.-.     H.  Heredity, 
I  1111111:4   to  the  appearance  of  an   organ,  trait,  ten- 
icy  or  function,  whether  psychologic,  physiologic, 
or  pathologic,  at  a    similar  time  of  life   in  a  series  of 
endants. 

Homeodont  {ho,-me-o-duiit\  [bjioiog, like  ;  0th]. 

In  biology,  applied   to  ti  eth  that    are  simple  cones. 

Homeokinesis  {ho-me-o-kin-e* -sis)  [b/joiog,  like;  mvelv, 
to  move].  In  biology,  Weismann's  term  tor  that  kind 
of  nuclear  division  in    which  the  two  i"r-nuclei 

contain    similar  idioplasm;    i.  e.   nuclear  divi 
I    riding  upon  a  perfectly  uniform  distribution  of  the 
pin  lent    and  resulting  in   parts  containing 

similar  hereditary  tendencies.     Cf.  Heterokinesis. 

Homeomerous  {ho-me-oni' -er-us)  [bfiotog,  like;  fiepog, 
part].  In  biology,  having  given  organs  or  parts  dis- 
tributed uniformly  throughout. 

Homeomorphous     {ho-me-o-mor'  -fus)     [bfioiog,     like ; 
,  form].      Like  or  similar  in  form  and  structure. 

Homeopathic  [ho-me-o-path' '-//■)  [o/Auor,  like;  ^uiior, 
feeling].      Relating  to  homeopathy. 

Homeopathist  [home-op'-ath-ist\  [ufioiog,  like  ;  TzaBog, 
feeling],      A  practitioner  of  homeopathy. 

Homeopathy  [ho-me-op/-atk-e)  [ouotor,  like;  -atinr, 
ailment  or  disease].  A  system  of  treatment  of  dis- 
ease by  the  use  of  agents  that,  administered  in  health, 
"  would  produce  symptoms  similar  to  those  morbid 
condition-  for  the  relief  of  which  the  agent  or  medi- 
cine is  given."  The  hypothe-i-  expressed  by  the 
adage,  " similia  similibus  curantur."  See  Regular 
and  Allopathy. 

Homeoplasia  (Jio-me-o-pla' -ze-ah)  [bfiotog,  like ; 
kaclooeiv,  to  shape].  The  growth  of  tissue  resem- 
bling the  normal  tissue,  or  matrix,  in  its  form  and 
properties  ;   also  the  tissue  so  formed. 

Homeoplastic        {ho-me-o-plas'-tik)  )iog,        like; 

-'/iinnr/r,  to  form].  Pertaining  to  a  neoplasm  re- 
sembling its  matrix-tissue  in  texture.  <  Ine  differing 
widely  in  this  respect  is  heteroplastic.  If  separated 
in  position,  it  is  said  to  be  heterotopic;  in  date, 
heterochronic. 

Homeoplasty  [hof-me-o-plas-te).     See  Homeoplasia. 

Homeosis,  or  Homoiosis  [ho-me-o* -sis ,  or  /n>-///oi-o/- 
sts)  [dfioiuotg ;  bfiotog,  like].  The  assimilation  of 
nutrient  material. 

Homeo-therapeutics  {ho-me-o-ther-ap-u' '-tiks)  [buoiog, 
like;    6  ',  to   serve].      The   homeopathic   doc- 

trine of  therapeutics. 

Homeothermal,  or  Homoiothermal  [ho-me-o-therf  - 
nial,  ho-moi-o-thcr'  -m  rl)  [bfiotog,  like;  tiepfirf,  heat]. 
Pertaining  to  animals  that  are  "  warm-blooded,"  or 
that  maintain  a  uniform  temperature  despite  variations 
in  the  surrounding  temperature. 

Homeozoic  [ho-me-o-zo/-ik)  [bfiotog,  the  same,  similar; 
fw^,  life].  In  biology,  applied  to  geographic  areas, 
zones,  or  belts,  having  similar  forms  of  life. 

Homesickness  {hotnf -sik-nes).  Nostalgia.  An  urgent 
desire  tn  return  to  one's  home.  It  maybe  accom- 
panied by  a  morbid  sluggishness  of  the  functions  of 
the  various  organ-  of  the  body,  and  may  develop  into 
profound  melancholy. 

Homicidal  1  hom-is-i'-dal)  [homo,  a  man;  cadere,  to 
kill].  Pertaining  to  homicide.  H.  Mania,  insanity 
characterized  by  murderous  impulses. 

Homicide  (hom'-is-id)  [homo,  a  man  ;  ceedere,  to  kill]. 
The  killing  of  a  human  being  without  malice  or  in- 
tent, as  distinguished  from  murder  or  manslaughter. 


.IK  I  I   II  RE 


II.  >\l<  ILI  IGOUS 


ther. 

iculturc 

:  the  human 

m 

the    human 

I    the 

! 

une; 
11  of  one 


.ocentrn 


. 
ter.     H. 

!   or 

.  the 

fishes   in  which  the 

the  tail  an 

■   with    n  ■  the   axis  of 

Homocerebrin  .    like; 

a]        \  substance  derivable  from  brain- 

rebrin,  but   more  soluble 

Homochromous  'nuts)    [6u6g,  the    same; 

:J.      hi    biology,  all    of  one   color,  as  the 
.    it  an  entire  organism. 
Homocinchonidin  i         .    the 

II    \'  '  ■     An  alkaloid  derived 
:'<irk,   one    of    the    Cin- 

Homodermic  ■'■mil-)      [.'>>/.<.,     the     same; 

.inj.      In  biology,  of  similar  blastodermic 

Homodesmotie  t'-ik)  \iuog , like ;  deofi 

[ual  importance  (as  a 

Homodont  .    the    same ;     6i 

.  having  th  alike  through- 

Homodromous  the       une; 

In   biology,  applied  to  plants  in 

.1  :nl  of  tl  stem 

tin'  tughout. 

odynamy  [  the       une ; 

In   bi  rial   homology  ;    ap- 

titi  -    "i   metameres) 

.dy. 

I    i    ■•  >■  i     thus   beginning,  see 

ogamous  .     the    same; 

In  b  .     ivmg  all   the  florets 

oc,  mar 
1  method  of  ev. 

F  th     e  varii  ties,  the  in 

rtile  among  themselves,  but 

ivitb    the 

ndityby 

ipplied    to 

■ 

Ho 

In  biology:   i 


H 


parent--;  having  a  common  ancestor,      i.  Oneof  two 
m-  or  organisms  having  a  common  ancestor  or  an 
tral  part.     H.,  Ancestral,  i.  <-. ,  homogenetic  homo 
logues    that  do  not  arise  similarly,  though    probably 
ded  from  common  ancestral  part-./.  .,..  the  legs 
,.i   flies  of  diverse  development.     H.,  Developmen- 
tal, .•.  ,-. ,  homogenetic  homologues that  arise  similarly, 
whether  descending  from  the  same  ancestral   part   or 
not.  .me  of  the  cranial  l>.me>  ol    a  feleostean 

and  of  a  mammal. 

Homogeneity   [ho-m  it  ■  )   \6u6c,    like  : 

kind].      The  condition  of  being  homogeneous. 

Homogeneous  [ko-mo-jef -ne-tts)  [oudg,  like;  yivog, 
kind].  Having  the  same  nature  or  qualities.  Sim 
ilar  .'i  identical  in  structure.  H.  Immersion.  See 
Immersion.  H.  Triplets.  See  Homogeneous  '/'wins. 
H.  Twins,  in  embryology,  when  the  cleavage-force 
is  exerted  to  its   fullest  effect,  the   entire  embryonal 

trace  i-  completely  divided  ;     each    resulting    part  may 

ill.-  of  independent  development,  whereby  two 
fetuses  are  produced  remarkable  for  their  great  simi- 
larity; such  offspring  are  known  as  homogeneous 
twins.      They  are  always  of  the  same  sex    and  possess 

almost  |  i  lentity  of  physical  characteristics.     So 

also  may  a  secondary  fission  of  one  of  the  halves  take 
place,  as  an  extremely  rare  occurrence,  homogen 
triplets  resulting  from  such  twofold  division  of  the 
original  area.  Such  fetuses  usually  lie  within  asingle 
chorion,  enclosed  by  a  separate  or  a  common  amni- 
otic sac,  the  increased  pressure  arising  from  the 
unusual  contents  oi  the  limited  uterine  cavity  favoring 
absorption  and  disappearance  of  the  amniotic  parti- 
tions. 

Homogenesis  [ho-mo-jen' -es-is)  [ouog,  like  ;  yevvav, 
to  beget].  Univocal  generation ;  reproduction  in 
which  a  living  parent  gives  rise  to  offspring  that 
pass  through  the  same  cycle  of  changes  as  itself. 

Homogenization  (ho-mo-jen-iz-a'-shun)  [u/>6g,  the 
same;  yewav,  to  produce].  The  act  or  process  of 
rendering  or  of  becoming  homogeneous;  reduction  to 
a  common  standard  ;  the  process  of  rendering  the 
objects  of  microscopic  study  transparent  and  fixed. 

Homogenous  [ho-moj' -en-us)  [6fi6c,  the  same; 

race].  In  biology,  applied  to  structures  that  are 
genetically  related,  in  so  far  as  they  have  a  single 
representation  in  a  common  ancestor. 

Homogentisic  Acid  [hom-o-jen-tiz'-ik).     See  Acid. 

Homogeny  [ho-m  \  [otwj  i  vfyc,  of  the  same  race  or 

iily].  In  biology,  an  agreement  among  organisms 
depending  on  the  inheritance  of  a  common  part  or 
having  a  common  ancestor.      See  Homogenesis. 

Homogonous   [ho-mog/  -on-us)   \6fi6{ ,   similar  ; 

offspring].  In  biology,  having  the  stamens  and  pistils 
alike  in  all  the  (lowers  of  the  species  ;  homostyled. 
<  i.  Heterogonous. 

Homoio-  [ho/ -moi-o-) .  For  words  thus  beginning,  see 
//  » 

Homoiosis  [ho-moi-o,-sis).     See  Horn 

Homologize  [ho-mol'-o-jiz)  [6u6g,  the  same;  '/iynv,  to 
speak],  tn  biology:  i.  To  recognize  as  homologous ; 
2.  To  exhibit  homology;   to  correspond  in  structure. 

Homologous  [ho-mol1 '-o-gus)  \6u6g,  the  same;  "Ktyeiv, 
to  speak].  In  biology,  corresponding  in  structure, 
either  directly  or  as  referred  i"  a  fundamental  type.  In 
chemistry,  being  of  the  same  chemic  type  or  series; 
differing  by  a  multiple  or  an  arithmetic  ratio  in  certain 

■  onstituents,  while  the  physical  qualities  are  analogous, 
with  small  differences,  as  if  corresponding  to  a  series 

■  .I  parallels.  H.  Tissues,  those  identical  in  type  of 
structure.  H.  Tumor,  a  name  given  by  Virchow  to 
a  tumor  consisting  of  tissue  identical  with    that  of  the 

oi  whence  it  springs. 


H<  >M<  ID  >G1  I. 


57:5 


HOMO!  Ill  I'M 


Homologue   {hom'-o-log)   \bfiAq,  same;   Myac,  propor- 
tion].     An  homologous  organ  co ion  to  any  number 

•  ■I  species,  classes,  or  orders  ol  animals;  that  which 
has  the  same  relative  structure,  position,  or  develop- 
ment as  another.  I  be  -.1 rgan  in  different  organ- 
isms under  every  varietj  "i  form  and  function.  We  may 
have:  i.  Homogenetic  Homologues,  i.e.,  p 
which,  on  tin-  evolutionary  theory,  have  a  genetic  rela- 
tion, .,  the  humerus  of  a  horse  and  that  of  an  ox. 
2.  Homoplastic  Homologues,  i.  ,■.,  parts  1  losely 
similar  as  to  relative  position,  but  with  no  genetic  af- 
finity, or  only  a  remote  on.  ,    .     ,  the  ventricle  of  a  hat 


ami  that  of  a  bird. 


Homogenetic  Serial  Homo- 


logues,  i.e.,  different    pari  individual,   the 

correspondence  between  which  is  to  be  accounted  lor 
by  the  influence  of  external  conditions  (the  "sup 
duced  segmentation  "  of  Mr.  Herbert  Spencei 
the  fore-limbs  and  hind  limbs  ol  one  side  ol  anj  animal. 
4.   Vertical  Homologues,  /...  dili  rrespond- 

ing  parts  of  one  individual,  of  which  one  part  is  dorsal, 
the  other  ventral,  e.g.,  dorsal  and  anal  fins  of  certain 
fishes.  5.  Lateral  Homologues,  i.  e.t different  cor- 
responding parts  of  one  individual,  of  which  one  part 
is  right  and  the  other  left,  e.g.,  the  right  and  left  arms 
■  •la  man.  6.  Antero-posterior  Homologues,  i.  e., 
different  corresponding  parts  of  one  individual,  of 
which  one  part  is  anterior,  the  other  posterior,  e.  g., 
the  mouth  and  the  cloaca.  7.  Radial  Homologues, 
i.e.,  different  corresponding  parts  of  one  individual 
which  radiate  from  a  central   axi-,  .  any  two  arms 

on  the  same  starfish.  8.  Homotrophic  Homologues, 
/.  e.,  parts  of  an  individual,  the  correspondences  be- 
tween which  are  regarded  as  due  to  internal  modifying 
influences,  e.  g.,  the  eyes  and  the  ears.  9.  Actinol- 
ogous  Homologues,  i.  e. ,  successive  subdivisions, 
parts,  or  regions  of  a  part  or  segmented  organ, 
two  successive  joints  of  an  antenna  of  a  lobster,  or 
the  vertebral  and  sternal  parts  of  the  same  costal  ele- 
ment. 10.  Special  Homologues,  i.  ,-.,  part-  of  two 
organisms  belonging  to  the  sam  ial  skeletal  cate- 

gory, e.g.,  the  basi-occipital  of  man  and  the  cod.  II. 
General  Homologues,  i.  e.,  parts  of  two  organisms 
belonging  to  the  same  general  skeletal  category,  e. 
the  vertebral  center  of  man  and  that  of  the  cod,  or  the 
lateral  appendages  of  the  lobster  and  those  of  the  scor- 
pion.     (Mivart.) 

Homology  [ho-tnoV -o-je)  \_6p6Q ,  same ;  Mjoq,  proportion]. 
The  quality  of  being  homologous ;  also,  the  morpho- 
logic identity  of  parts  or  organs  in  different  animals. 
In  biology,  a  term  introduced  by  R.  *  fwen  to  indicate 
a  close  resemblance  between  pans,  depending  upon 
relations  of  relative  position.      (Mivart.) 

Homomalous  [ho-tnom' '-al-us\  [S/iaAor,  even,  level, 
equal].  In  biology,  applied  to  parts  or  organs  that 
are  all  turned  to  one  side. 

Homomorphism  (ho-mo-mor'-fizm)  \6fi6g,  the  same; 
uoptyf},  form].  In  biology,  superficial  resemblance, 
without  true  homology;  mimicry  or  adaptive  resem- 
blance. 

Homomorphous  {ho-mo-mor' -fus)  [<Wc,  the  same ; 
fioptyfl,  form].  In  biology,  exhibiting  superficial 
resemblance,  but  not  truly  homologous. 

Homonomous  (ko-mon'-o-mus)  \J>u6q,  same  ;  vd/iog, 
law].     Governed  by  or  under  the  same  law. 

Homonym  Uiom' '-o-nim)  [6fi6a,  same;  bwfia,  name]. 
That  which  is  homonymous. 

Homonymous  {Ao-mon'-im-tts)  [oum\  same;  bwua, 
a  name].  1.  A  term  applied  to  names  that  have  the 
same  sound  or  pronounciation,  but  different  meanings. 
J.  Coming  under  the  same  general  designation 
(thus  the  two  external  recti  muscles  are  homony- 
mous) ;   occurring  on  or  within   the   same  lateral  half 


of   the    body;    not     heteronomous.       H.    Diplopia, 

urs  when  the  image  seen  by  the  right 
be  on  ih«  righl  side  and  that  seen  by  the  lefl  1 
to  be  on  the  left  side.     H.  Hemianopia,  vhen 

all   points  in  the  visual   field  of  1  lying  to 

right  (Right  H.  H.j  or  to    the    left  (Left  H.  H. 
the  fixation  point  are  not  seen. 

Homophthalic  Acid  [h  m-off-tkaP-ik).     See  Acid. 

Homophthalimid    [Aom-off-thaP-im-id)    [6/161 

-.'//"»,  '-ye  ;  /w/./j,'  ,,II-\i  >,  A  substance  produced 
when  the-  ammonium  salt  of  homophthalic  acid  i- 
heated.  It  crystallizes  in  minute  needles,  melting  at 
23  , 

Homophyadic     [ho-mo-fi-ad' '-ik)     [ouor,    the     same; 
odcu,  to  grow].      In  biology,  having   but  one  kind 
of  stem,  as  distinguished  from 

Homophyly     [ho-moff' -il-e)     \_6fi6q,    the    sami 

race].      In    biology,  correspondence   in  genetic    rela- 
tionshi] 

Homoplasis  (ko-mo-pla' '-sis)   [>',un< ,  the  same  ;   - 

formed].      In   biology,  I. an!  rm  foi   -tructural 

agreement  or  modification  resulting  from  the  action  of 
identical  or  nearly  similar  forces  or  environments  on 
two  or  more  parts  of  an  organism,  or  on  two  organ  1 
which    parts   are   exactly  or   nearly  alike,  or  perhaps 
homogenetic.      The  same  as  the  "  superinduced 
mentation  "  of  Spencer. 

Homoplasmic  [ho-mo-plazr -mik).  Same  -as  Homo- 
plastic. 

Homoplasmy  {hof -mo-plaz-mi  )  [6/t6g,  the  same ; 
7r/ur7iHi ,  a  thing  moulded].  In  biology,  homoplastic 
or  homomorphic,  I.  e. ,  showing  mimetic   resemblances. 

Homoplast  [ho,-mo-plast)  \ofi6c,  the  same  ;  rr'/aaror, 
formed,  moulded].  In  biology  ;  I.  1  Ineol  any  aggregate 
orfusionof  plastids.  2.  An  organ  or  part  showing  mere 
superficial  or  mimetic  resemblance  to  another. 

Homoplastic  {ko-mo-plas/ -tik)  \&(i6c,  the  same;  - 

tned].      In  biology,  -bowing  close  agreement,  de- 
pendent  upon  the  common   action  of  evoking  cau-es 
or  moulding  environment  upon  homogeneous  parts, 
on  parts   that,  for  other  reasons,  offer   a   likeness  of 
material  to  begin  with.      (Lankester.) 

Homoplasy  (//o'-wn/^c-c)  [6/ioc,  the  same ;  77/aair,  a 
forming,  moulding].  In  biology,  agreement  in  the 
form,  structure,  and  perhaps  function,  of  organs  or 
puts  in  the  same  or  separate  organisms,  dependent 
upon  evoking  causes  other  than  genetic  affinity. 

Homopterous(/;i)-/«(>//-/[r-/M  \6fi6g,  the  same ;  kt 
wing,  feather].      In  biology,  applied  to  insects  having 
wings  of  the  same  texture  throughout. 

Homorgan  (kurii'-or-gaji)  [0/16$,  the  same ;  bpyavov, 
organ].  In  biology,  an  organ  resembling  another ;  a 
homopl 

Homosexual    (ko-mo-seks'-u-al)    \_0116r,   same ;    s 
sex].      Pertaining  to  the  same  sex. 

Homosexuality  [ho-mo-seks-u-aP -it-e)  [o«o?,  same; 
sexualis,  of  a  sex].  That  form  of  sexual  perversion, 
acquired  or  congenital,  in  which  the  individual  con- 
ceives a  violent  sexual  passion  for  one  -ame 
-ex,  and  gratifies  it  either  by  sodomy,  by  titillation,  or 
platonically. 

Homosporous  {ho-mosr -por-us)  \bfi6c,  similar:   <wi 
seed].      In  biology,  producing  but  one  kind  of  spores  ; 
isosporous. 

Homostyled   {ho1 '-mo-stild)   \0p6c,   the  same;  or* 
pillar].      See  H  us. 

Homothermic  [ho-tno-ther4 '-mik)  [o//of ,  same  ;  dipur/, 
heat].  Having  uniformity  of  temperature  or  bodily 
heat. 

Homothermous    (ho-mo-thcr'-mui)    \6fi6q,    the   same; 
///,  heat].      In  biology,  applied  to  animals  showing 
the  same  degree  of  bodily  heat. 


lb  >\1<  >T<  >NI< 


1 1«  >K l/«  IN  1  Al 


Homotonic 

Homotopia 
HomotO]  v 

A  til, 

:i  or 

tructural  >nd- 

i.il  en\  11 


- 

i  .trophcs.  .        •     tr  phic 

□    which    is 
thumb  a  stra 

ly.      J.   Ver- 
I  lomotrophc  homoloj 

Lateral    Homo- 
oi    the  two 
I  ght  and  li 
Antcro-posterior    Homotrophes,   »*.  ?.,    homo- 

|    ~:  riorly. 

.otroph;.  the  same  . 

itrophy. 
Homotrophic     Homologues,    ..  .    .    parts    of     an 

:i    which   are 
lying  influences,  e.  g. , 

. 
•  ].      In   ,  relations  of   growth  ; 

rather  than  ex- 

Homotropou  thesame; 

turn].  ••!"  the  embryo  when  curved 

Homotypc  in]. 

milar  to  another  part,  as 
■  logue,  or  an 

.otypic  hi.   ;    rhirog, 

rrespondence  or 

-  Homotypic. 
i  form]. 

aunculua  [I..,   dim.    of   homo, 

arf. 
iuras    Bark  See    Cascara 

H.- 
berry.  H.-comb.  tructure 

that  they 
H.-comb    Glands.  Hand.       H.- 

rnb    Ringworm  H.-cyst. 

H.-dew,  ■    liquid  by 

niL,r   the 

Hill, 

mawkish, 
rk  a-  molas- 

imore. 

H. 

:    I       A  ional 

-  I   I 
H. -bound,  in  far- 


riery,  having   a  dryness  and  contraction  of  the  hoof, 
ilting    in    pain   and   lameness.      This    condition    is 
■  i  ailed  i 
Hook  [Ml    .  '    '.-.  a  hook]      A  curved  instrument.    See 
Hamus.     H.,  Blunt,  an  instrument  described  bj  its 
name,  t  ising  traction  upon  the  fetus  in  an  ar- 

breech-presentation.      H.,  Tyrrel's,  a    blunt, 
.slender  hook  for  operations  upon  the  eye. 
Hooke's  Law.    See  / 

Hooper's    Pill.     A   pill    containing  aloes,  crystallized 
sulphate  >>(   iron,  extract  of   hellebore,   myrrh,   soap, 
ill. i.  and  ginger. 
Hooping-cough  '  ing-kawf).     See  Pertussis. 

Hoose  (/zee:)  [Ml    .  rse]       Sheep-cough.     A 

disease  of  sheep,  lambs,  etc.,  due  to  the  presence  of 
Strongylus  filaria,  a  nematode  worm,  in  the  lungs  and 
air  passages  under    Parasites,    Animal),    and 

characterized  by  a  husky  cough,  anorexia,  dry  muzzle, 
constipation,  and  dyspnea. 

Hoove,  Hooven  [hoo  ''-en)  [dial.,  hooveri\.    Dis- 

tention  of    the  stomach   of    a   ruminant    animal    with 
gas,  caused  by  the  fermentation  "i   food,      It  is  gen- 
to  eating  too  much  green  food. 

Hop.      See  Hamulus. 

Hope's  Camphor-mixture.  A  mixture  containing  nitric 
acid,  camphor  water,  and  tincture  of  opium.  It  is 
used  in  the  treatment  of  serous  or  choleraic  diarrheas. 

Hopea  (ko-pe'-ati)  [after  John  Hope,  a  Scotch  botanist]. 
A  genus  of  dipterocarpaceous  trees  of  S.  Asia. 
Several  species  afford  resins  known  in  commerce  as 
Dammar.      Unof. 

Hopein  (ho-pe'-in).      See  Hamulus. 

Hoppe-Seyler's  Method.  A  method  of  preparing 
hemoglobin  crystals.  Mix  defibrinated  blood  with  ten 
volumes  of  a  20  per  cent,  salt-solution,  and  allow  it 
to  stand  for  two  days.  Remove  the  clear  upper  fluid 
with  a  pipet,  wash  the  thick  deposit  of  blood-cor- 
puscles  with  water,  and  shake  it  for  a  long  time  with 
an  equal  volume  of  ether,  which  dissolves  the  blood- 
les.  Remove  the  ether,  filter  the  lake-colored 
blood,  add  to  it  one-fourth  of  its  volume  of  cold 
alcohol  (o°C.)  and  allow  the  mixture  to  stand  in  the 
!  for  several  days.  'The  crystals  can  be  collected 
'  hi  a  filter  and  pressed  between  folds  of  bibulous  paper. 

Hordeiform  [hor-de' '-if-orni)  [hordeum,  barley  ;  forma, 
form].      Shaped  like  a  grain  of  barley. 

Hordein  (//./'  ,/'  in)  [hordeum,  barley].  A  mixture  of 
a  proteid  with  starch-cellulose;  it  exists  in  barley- 
starch,  but  is  not  soluble. 

Hordeolum  {hor-de* -o-lum)  [hordeum,  a  grain  of  bar- 
ley], A  stye  ;  a  furuncular  inflammation  of  the 
connective  tissue  of  the  lids,  near  a  hair-folli(  le. 
H.,  External,  //.  zeissianum  ;  one  produced  by  sup- 
puration of  one  of  Zeiss' s  glands.  H.,  Internal,  //. 
meibomianum ;  one  produced  by  suppuration  of  out; 
of  tin-  Meibomian  glands.  H.  meibomianum.  See 
//. ,  Internal.      H.  zeissianum.     See  H..  External. 

Hordeum     [hor'-de-um)     [L.].       Barley,    q.    7\       H. 
decorticatum,  barlej    deprived    of   its    husk;     com 
monly  called  pearl  barley.     H.  germinatum,  malt. 
Also,  one  of  several  granular  elevations  described  by 
Spitzka  on  the  floor  of  the  fourth  ventricli  . 

Horehound  [hor'-hownd).     See  Marrubium. 

Horizon  i  '  [     <    uv,  horizon],    i.   The  line  sep- 

iting  the  visible  from  the  invisible  part  of  the  earth 
from  a  single  point  of  view.  2.  In  craniometry,  a 
line  thai  '  -  around  the  skull,  touching  the  lower 

border  of  the  orbital  cavities  and  passing  through 
the  auricular  p.  »ints. 

Horizontal  i  a' -la!)  [bpiruv,  the  horizon],    1'ar- 

:1  to  the  horizon.  H.  Posture.  See  Postures, 
'J 'able  of. 


HORLICK'S  FOOD 


575 


HOT 


Horlick's  Food.     A  variety  of  Liebig's   food       n  in 
fants.      Its  composition   is:   Water,  3.39;  fat,  0.08; 
grape-sugar,   34.99;   cane-sugar,   12.45;    ""   starch; 
soluble  carbohydrates,  87.20;  albuminoids,  6.71  ;  ash, 
I.28. 

Hormion  [hor'-me-on)  [dp/ty,  the  first].  See  Cranio- 
metric  Points. 

Hormogone,  Hormogon  {hor> '-mo-gon).  Same  as  Hor- 
mogonium. 

Hormogonium  [hor-mo-go'-ne-um)  \bpftoq,  a  cord, 
chain;  y&voq,  offspring : //.,  Hormogonia\ .  In  biol- 
ogy, a  short,  moniliform  reproductive  body,  found  in 
the  Nostocs. 

Horn  [ME.,  horn,  horn].  The  hard  projection,  used 
as  a  defensive  weapon,  growing  on  the  heads  ol  1 
tain  animals.  Horns  may  be  permanent,  as  in  the  ox  ; 
or  deciduous,  as  in  tin  deer.  Also,  the  hardened 
epithelial  substance  of  which  the  horn  is  composed. 
H.,  Cutaneous.  See  Cornu  cutaneum.  H. -blende, 
a  common  mineral,  occurring  massive  or  in  prismatic 
crystals,  of  various  colors,  from  white,  through  green 
shades,  to  black.  It  is  a  -ilicate  of  lime,  magnesia, 
or  iron.  It  is  sometimes  used  in  the  manufacture  of 
porcelain  teeth  for  shading  the  body  or  enamel.  H.- 
distemper,  a  disease  of  cattle  affecting  the  core  of  the 
horn.  H.-pock.  See  Warty  Smallpox.  H.-pox, 
a  variety  of  varicella  in  which  the  lesions  resemble 
papules.      See  also   Warty  Smallpox. 

Horner's  Mixture.  See  Red  Mixture.  H.'s  Muscle. 
See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Horny  (Jiom'-e)  [ME.,  horn,  horn].  Composed  of, 
or  resembling,  horn.  H.  Band  of  Tarinus,  a  band 
ol  white  fibers  running  between  the  optic  thalamus 
and  the  corpus  striatum.  See  Band.  H.  Epithelium. 
See  Trachoma. 

Horologic  [hor-o-lojf -ik)  [upo/U5yoc,  lit.,  telling  the 
hour].  In  biology,  applied  to  such  flowers  as  open  or 
shut  at  certain  hours. 

Horological  [hor-o-lof '-ik-al).      Same  as  Horologic. 

Horopter  {hor-op/ -ter)  [8poc,  boundary;  birri/p,  an  ob- 
server]. The  sum  of  all  the  points  seen  singly  by  the 
two  retinae  while  the  fixation-point  remains  stationary. 
"  A  circle  passing  through  the  center  of  rotation  of 
each  eye  and  through  the  apex  of  the  point  of  fixation 
of  the  visual  lines."  1  Mueller.)  "A  line  representing 
the  curve  along  which   both  eyes  can   join  in  sight." 

(  A  e. 

Horopteric  [hor-op-ter1 '-ik)  [opog,  boundary  ;  brrri/p, 
observer].      Pertaining  to  an   horopter. 

Horrida  cutis  (Jior'-id-ak  ku'-tis)  [L.].  Goose-skin. 
(  utis  anserina. 

Horripilation  [kor-ip-il-a' 'shun)  \horrere,  to  stand  on 
end;  pilus,  the  hair].  A  sensation  as  if  the  hairs  of 
the  skin  were  stiff  and  erect. 

Horripilator  [hor-ip-il-a' -tor).     Same  as  Arrector pili. 

Horrors  (hor^-orz) [horror,  a  shaking,  terror].  A  popular 
name  for  Delirium  tremens,  </.  v. 

Horse  [hors)  [ME.,  /tors,  a  horse].  A  member  of  the 
genus  Equus ;  a  domestic  beast  of  burden.  H.- 
chestnut.       See      Aisculus     hi  mum.       H.- 

chestnut  bark,  the  bark  of  the  hoi  stnut  [ALscu- 

lus  kippocastanum),  said  to  be  used  in  leather-manu- 
factures for  the  production  of  an  extract  under  the 
simple  name  of  chestnut  extract.  H. -distemper, 
influenza.  H. -doctor,  a  farrier ;  a  veterinary  surgei  in. 
H. -drench,  a  dose  of  physic  for  a  horse.  H.-foot. 
See  Talipes  equinus.  H. -leech,  a  large  leech,  the 
Haemopis  of  Southern  Europe  and  Northern  Africa; 
also  a  horse-doctor.  H. -power.  See  Unit.  H.-pox.  1. 
A  pustular  disease  of  horses,  which,  communicated  to 
cows,  produces  cow  pox.  It  is  also  called  pustular 
grease.     2.   See  Coitus  Disease.     H. -radish,  the  fresh 


root  of  ('■•■'•■/earii!  artnoracia,  with  properties  due  to 
a  volatile  oil.      It  i-  stimulant,  diureti  , ally 

am  it,  and  is  much  used  as  a  condiment,     i 

of  die  lid.  ext.  J5J— ij.  Armoraciae,  Spt.,  Comp. 
B.P  1.  Dosi  g  ij.  H.-shoe  Fistula,  a  name  ap- 
plied to  a  fistulous  track  surrounding  the  rectum  in  a 
-<  mi.  in  le,  either  in  front  or  behind.  H.-shoe  Hy- 
men.    See  Hymen.      H.-shoe  Kidney,  the  union  of 

the  lower  ends  ol   the  two  kidney-.  SO  that   they  appear 

to  form  asingle  organ  ol  a  form  somewhat  like  that  of 
a  horse-shoe.     H. -sickness.    SeeAnthrax.   H.-tail. 
Equisetum.     H.-weed.      See   Collinsonia  cana- 
densis. 
Horsikin  {hor'-sik-in    [Ml    .  hors,  a  horse].     A  model 
I    mi    teaching   the  anatomy   and    surgery   ol    the 
hoi 

Horsley's  Method.  A  method  of  determining  the 
position  of  the  fissure  oi  Rolando.  It  i-  <  arried  out  by 
ueans  of  an  instrument  made  to  encircle  the  le 
and  having  an  arm  fixed  at  an  angle  of  67°,  which 
indicates  tin-  position  of  the  fissure.  H.'s  Test. 
See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Horst's  Eye-water.  Collyrium  adstringens  luteum. 
An  eye-solution  prepared  as  follow.-:  Take  of 
ammonium  chlorid.^o  centigrams,  and  zinc  sulphate, 
I25  centigram-,  dissolve  in  200  gram-  of  distilled 
water,  and  add  a  solution  of  40  centigrams  of  cam; 
in  20  grams  of  dilute  alcohol,  and  10  centigrams  of 
saffron.  Digest  for  24  hour-  with  frequent  agitation, 
and  filter. 

Hospital  [hos'-pil-ai)  \hospitale,  a  large  house].  A 
building  for  the  care  and  treatment  of  sick  or  infirm 
people.  H.  Fever,  a  feverish  condition  formerly 
common  in  hospitals,  due  to  ill-ventilation  and  un- 
sanitary condition-.  Al-o,  the  fever  symptomatic  of 
gangrene.      Also,  a  synonym  of   Typhus    .  See 

/  ver.  H.  Gangrene,  a  contagious,  phagedenic 
gangrene  occasionally  attacking  wounds  or  open  sores. 
It  is  confined  mainly  to  military  hospitals,  and  is  of 
mil  robic  origin. 

Hospitalism  [hos* ' -pit-al-izm)  \hospitale,  a  large  house]. 
The  morbific  influence  arising  from  the  gathering  of 
diseased  persons  in  a  hospital,  a  condition  that  seem- 
to  have  a  tendency  to  produce  septic  di-eases. 

Hospitalization     [hos-pit-al-iz-a' -shun)  pi  tale,    a 

large  house].  Confinement  in  a  hospital  for  treat- 
ment. 

Hospitalomania  [hos-pit-al-o-ma'-ne-ah )  [hespita/e,  a 
large  house  :  madness].      A  mania  for  founding 

or  visiting  hospitals. 

Host  [host)  [hostis,  a  stranger,  a  landlord].  The  or- 
ganic body  upon  which  parasites  live. 

Hot  [ME.,  hot,  hot].  Having  or  yielding  the  sensa- 
tion of  heat;  stimulating;  biting.  H.-air  Bath. 
See  Bath.  H.Bath.  SeeBath.  H. -blanket  Pack, 
a  rubber  sheet  and  one  or  two  woolen  blankets  are 
placed  upon  the  bed.  A  heavy  woolen  blanket  is 
wrung  out  of  water  at  IIO°  I'.,  spread  upon  the  dry 
blanket,  the  patient  placed  upon  it  and  wrapped  with 
it  like  a  mummy.  The  dry  blankets  and  rubber  sheet 
are  wrapped  over  this,  and  the  patient  i-  allowed  to 
n  main  in  this  pack  from  half  an  hour  to  two  hours. 
It  is  useful  in  suppression  of  urine.  Hot-box,  Jap- 
anese, a  device  for  applying  dry  heat  to  a  part.  H. 
Drops,  the  Tinctura  capsici  et  myrrha,  N.  I  .  ;  they 
useful  in  many  painful  conditions  of  the  stomach 
and  bowels,  when  there  is  no  inflammation  or  organic 
di-ea-e;  it  i-  called  also  "  number  six. "  H.  Eye, 
I  lutchinson's  term  for  a  persi-tent  hyperemia  of  the 
conjunctiva  seen  in  gout.  H. -spots.  See  Tempera- 
tur  H.   Wet-pack,   instead  of  wringing  the 

linen  sheet  out  of  cold  water,  as  in  the   Wet-pack,  it 


H<>1  1  I.N  l«  '1    API 


the 

.villi 

H  - 
il  than  Mm 

form  ol 
iften  due   to 
ins. 
wer  part 

ives  and  root 

■ 
-  I  nof. 

uraction. 

use].      In    b 

ol 

H.- 
Knee.  H. -physician, 

ital.     H. -refuse,  the 
i   animal    and    vegetable, 
il   fr  .111  ,i  ho 
il  enter  the  drains.     H.-sur- 
gcc:-.  lospitai. 

H  V. lives.      I  Is  ol   in  i 

rectum.        llnv    arc    din 
■  Muscle.     -  of. 

ind 
H.,  Plexus  of. 
. 
H  '/. 

H  Lacunae,  nr  Pits.  ir  shallow 

i    at    times    quite 

irption,  at 

ilar  surfa< 

aination. 

rger  and 

itly  multinuci 

Alcoholic  Carmin. 
H    s  Cann  H.'s  Solution. 

>nokin  m    fluanu   >,   a    place- 

to  lie 

'     Food.        \  f    farina. 

1 1  ion  : 
'  sugar, 

Iral     .  i 

11  Did 

Hv: 

•port   the 

Hs  Method,  a 

tion 

holic 

pitated  is  til 
the 


HUMMING    1<  IP   Ml  KM!  R 

filtrate  ;  the  proportions  of  the  filtrate,  acid,  and  ether 
are  respectively  ioo,  5,  and  30.  The  mixture  is 
shaken  and  allowed  to  remain  some  hours,  when  crys 
tals  form,  which  are  then  collected  0D  a  filter,  washed 
with  water  holding  HC1  and  ether  in  solution,  and 
dried  in  the  air.  bJj  recrystallization  the  crystals  are 
obtained  perfectlj  colorless. 

Hufeland's  Cerate.  A  preparation  used  in  treating  sore 
nipples.  It  consists  ol  zinc  oxid  and  lycopodium  each 
J  part-,  simple  cerate  30  parts. 

Hughes  Bennett's  Diuretic.     A  diuretic  mixture  em 
ployed  in  chronic  nephritis,   composed  of  pulverized 
potassium    acetate,    Z    drams;     sweet    spirit    of     niter, 
half  an  ounce;   water  sufficient  to  make  two  ounces  ; 
dram  of  this  is  given  thi  daily. 

Huguier's  Canal.  See  (<i/i<//.  H.'s  Disease.  See 
Jh  H.'s  Glands,    two  small  glands 

opening  into  the  vagina. 

Huingan  [whin'-gan)  [S.  Amer.].  The  seed  of  a 
plant  [Duvarra  dependent)  native  to  the  Andes.  The 
infusion  is  used  in  urinary  affections.      Unof. 

Human  [hu'-man)  \humanus,  human].  Pertaining  to 
or  characteristic  of  man.  H.  Dolphin,  a  monster 
with  complete  union  of  the  lower  limbs.  H.  Milk, 
mother's  milk.  It  derives  its  origin  from  an  over- 
growth of  epithelial  cells  lining  the  lactiferous  ducts, 
with  infiltration  with  fat,  and  subsequent  rupture.  Its 
specific  gravity  is  1024-55,  its  reaction  alkaline.  Each 
minute  fat-globule  is  surrounded  by  a  pellicle  of 
serum-albumin.  The  chemical  composition  of  human 
milk  is  as  follows:  — 

Meigs.        Vogel.    Gautrelet. 

Water 8;  89.5  88.1 

Fat 4.283  3.5  4.0 

Casein, 1.046  20  2.2 

Sugar,     7-407  4.8  5.2 

Ash 0.101  0.17  0.5 

Humation  [hu-maf -shuti)  \humore,  to  inter].  Inter- 
111  nt ;  inhumatii  n. 

Humboldt  Blue.      Same  as  Spirit-blue. 

Hume's  Test.     See  Tests,   Tabl 

Humectant  {hu-mek' '-tant)  \humectare,  to  make  moist], 
I.  Moistening;  like  a  poultice  ;  diluent.  2.  A  diluent ; 
a  substance  used  to  moisten. 

Humeral  (hu'-mer-al)  [humerus,  the  shoulder].  Per- 
taining to  the  humerus. 

Humeren  {hu'-mer-eri)  [humerus,  the  shoulder].  Be- 
longing  to  the  humerus  in  itself. 

Humero-  [hut -tner-o- )  [humerus,  the  shoulder].  A  pre- 
nifying  relationship  with  the  shoulder.  H.- 
cubital,  relating  to  the  humerus  and  the  ulna.  H.-c. 
Amputation,  amputation  at  the  elbow  joint.  H.- 
radial,  relating  to  the  humerus  and  the  radius.  H.- 
scapular,  relating  to  the  humerus  and  the  scapula. 
H.-s.  Amputation,  amputation  at  the  shoulder-joint. 
H. -ulnar,  relating  to  the  humerus  and  the  ulna. 
H.-u.  Amputation,  amputation  at  the  elbow-joint. 

Humerus  [hu'-mer-us)  [L.].  The  bone  of  the  upper 
arm,      Also,  the  shoulder. 

Humid  [hu'-mid)  \humidus,  moist].  Moist;  damp. 
H.  Tetter.     See  Eczema. 

Humidity  {hit-mid' '-it-e)  [humor, moisture].  The  state 
or  quality  of  being  moist.  H.,  Absolute,  the  actual 
amount  of  water  present  in  the  air  at  any  moment, 
regardless  of  saturation.  H.,  Relative,  the  relative 
amount  of  water  present  in  air  which  is  not  saturated, 
■  mpared  to  what  the  air  should  contain  at  the  ex 
ng  temperature  were  its  condition  that  of  saturation. 

Humifuse  [hu'-mif-us)  \humus,  tin-  ground;   fun 
to  pour].      In  biology,  spread  over  the  surface  oi  the 
ground. 

Humming-top  Murmur  or  Sound.  See  Bruit  de 
diable. 


HUMOR 


577 


II V  ALGID 


Humor  [hu'-mor  or  u'-mor)  [I..].  Any  fluid  or  semi- 
fluid part  of  the  body.  H.,  Aqueous,  tlie  ti  i 
parent  Quid  that  fills  the  anterior  chamber  of  tlie  eye. 
H.,  Crystalline.  See  Lens,  Crystalline.  H.,  Vitre- 
ous, the  transparent  gelatin-like  substance  tilling  the 
posterior  chamber  of  the  eye. 

Humoral  \hu'  mor-al)  [humor,  moisture].  Pertain- 
ing Id  the  natural  fluids  of  the  body.  H.  Pathol- 
ogy, an  obsolete  theory  that  all  diseases  result  from 
a  disordered  or  abnormal  condition  of  the  fluids  or 
humors  of  the  body. 

Humoralism  {hu'-mor-al-izm),  or  Humorism  (fiu'- 
mor-izm).      Same  as  Humoral  Pathol 

Humoralist  \hu' '-mor-al-ist)  [humor,  moisture].  The 
name  given  to  one  who  was  an  advocate  of  the 
supreme  importance  of  the  blood  in  the  processes  of 
health  and  disease. 

Humoro-vitalism  [hut '-tno-ro-vi' '-tal-izm  |  [humor, 
moisture  ;  vita,  life].  The  obsolete  belief  that  the 
fluids  of  the  body  are  the  seat  of  life. 

Humpback  [hump" -bak\.     See  Kyphosis. 

Humulin  {ku'-mu-lin)  [hamulus,  hop],  I.  The  same 
as  Lupulin.  2.  A  concentrated  preparation  from 
the  tincture  and  decoction  of  hops.      Unof. 

Humulus  yhu'-mu-lus)  [I..  :  gen.,  Humuli\.  Hop.  The 
strobiles  of  //.  lupulus.  It  contains  various  principles, 
hopein  and  lupulin  being  the  most  important.  It  is  a  bit- 
ter stomachic  tonic  and  feeble  hypnotic,  increasing  the 
cardiac  action.  A  poultice  of  hops  is  a  favorite  remedy 
for  painful  conditions  and  in  inflammations.  H.,  In- 
fusum,  unof.,  Jss-Oj.  Dose  ^ j— iv.  H.,  Tinct.,  20 
per  cent,  in  strength.  Dose  3J-ij.  Lupulinum,  the 
gl  mdular  powder.  Dose  gr.  v-xv.  L.,  Ext.  (B.  P.) 
Do;e  gr.  v-x.  L.,  Fid.  Ext.,  alcoholic.  Dose  tr^x- 
_^j.  L.,  Oleoresina,  ethereal.  Dose  gr.  ij-v.  L., 
Tinct.,  unof.,  strength  12^  per  cent.     Dose  gss-ij. 

Humus  (hu'-mus)  [L.,  the  earth,  ground,  soil].  Vege- 
table mold.  It  contains  ulmin  and  ulmic  acid,  humin 
and  humic  acid.  H.  Pigments,  certain  pigmentary 
bodies  of  a  more  or  less  dark-brown  color,  produced 
when  carbohydrates  are  treated  with  acids  or  alkalies. 
When  urine  is  treated  with  acids  in  the  presence  of  oxy- 
gen, it  becomes  darker  from  the  formation  of  some  of 
these  humus-pigmented  substances  by  the  action  of 
the  acids  on  the  carbohydrates. 

Hunchback  (hunch'-bak).     See  Kyphosis. 

Hungarian  (hung-ga/-re-an)  [Hungaria,  Hungary]. 
Pertaining  to  Hungary.  H.  Balsam,  or  H.  Tur- 
pentine, a  thin  turpentine  from  the  branches  of 
Piiius  pumilio.  H.  Disease.  Synonym  of  Typhus 
Fever. 

Hungary  Blue.     Same  as  Cobalt-blue. 

Hunger  {hungt-ger)  [ME.,  hunger,  hunger].  A  con- 
dition marked  by  a  sensation  of  emptiness  of  the 
stomach,  with  intense  desire  for  food.  H.-cure.  See 
Nestiatria.  H.-pest.  Synonym  of  Relapsing  Fever, 
q.  v.     H. -typhus.    Synonym  of  Relapsing  Fever,  q.  -•. 

Hunter,  Canal  of.  See  Canal.  H.'s  Line.  See  Lines, 
'1  able  of.  H.'s  Method,  a  method  of  treating  aneur- 
ysm by  ligating  the  artery  on  the  proximal  side  of  the 
sae. 

Hunterian  Chancre.     See  Chancre. 

Huntingdon's  Chorea.  Hereditary  Chorea.  An  affec- 
tion characterized  by  irregular  movements,  disturbance 
of  speech,  and  gradual  dementia.  It  is  frequently 
hereditary,  is  associated  with  psychic  troubles,  and 
occurs  between  the  thirtieth  and  fortieth  years.  The 
disease  has  no  connection  with  Sydenham's  Chorea. 
See  Chorea,  Hereditary ,  and  Diseases.   Table  of. 

Huntsman's  Cup.      See  Trumpet  Plant. 

Hunyadi  Janos  [hun-yah'-de]  [from   the   name   of  the 
Hungarian  national   hero,  otherwise  called   [ohn  Cor- 
37 


vinus\  An  aperient  mineral  water  from  Buda-Pesth, 
in  Hungary.  It  is  an  effective  laxative  or  cathartic. 
It  should  be  taken  in  the  quantity  of  from  a  half  to 
one  wineglassful,  fasting. 

Hura  [ku'-raK)  [S.  Amer.].  A  genus  of  poisonous 
euphorbiaceous  trees  of  tropical  America.  H.  bra- 
siliensis,  H.  crepitans,  and  H.  strepens,  are  the 
best  known  species.  They  have  the  general  a 
pustulant,  and  cathartic  properties  of  nearly  all 
phorbiaceous  plants.      Unof. 

Huschke,  Auditory  Teeth  of.  Nipple-like  projections 
along  the  free  border  of  the  labium  vestibulare  of  the 
ear.  H.,  Canal  of.  See  Canal.  H.,  Foramen  of. 
See  Foramen.  H.,  Valve  of,  the  fold  of  mucous 
membrane  at  the  point  where  the  common  canal 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  canaliculi  enters  the 
lachrymal  sac. 

Husky  (hus'-he)  [E.  dial.,  hasky,  rough,  dry].  Harsh, 
rough,  as  the  voice. 

Hutchinson's  Lotion.  A  lotion  used  in  the  treatment  of 
eczema.  It  has  the  following  composition:  Liquor 
plumbi  subacetatis,  ^  ounce  ;  liquor  carbonis  deter- 
gentis,  2y2  ounces.  Of  this  one  teaspoonful  is  mixed 
with  a  pint  of  water,  and  used  as  a  lotion.  H.'s 
Patch.  See  Signs  and  Symptoms,  Table  of.  H.'s 
Teeth,  a  notched  or  furrowed  condition  of  the  free 
edges  of  the  permanent  teeth,  especially  the  central 
incisors  of  the  upper  jaw,  due  to  inherited  syphilis. 
See  Signs  and  Symptoms,  Table  of.  H.'s  Treat- 
ment. See  Treatment,  Methods  of.  H.'s  Trio  of 
Symptoms.      See  Signs  and  Symptoms,   Table  of. 

Huttoning  {hut'-on-ing )  [after  Hutton,  the  inventor]. 
A  method  of  manipulating  a  luxated  joint,  introduced 
by  one  Hutton,  a  bone-setter. 

Huxham's  Tincture.     See  Cinchona. 

Huxley's  Angle.  See  Angle.  H.'s  Layer,  Mem- 
brane, or  Sheath,  a  layer  of  nucleated,  elongated, 
polygonal  cells  lying  within  Henle's  layer  of  the  inner 
root-sheath  of  hairs. 

Huygenian  Ocular  {hi-je'-ne-ari).     See  Ocular. 

Huygens,  Theory  of.    The  undulatory  theory  of  light. 

Hyalin  {hi'-al-in)  [wiKoc,  glass].  A  translucent  sub- 
stance, called  also  canalized  fibrin,  that  sometimes 
occurs  in  miliary  tubercle.  Also,  the  membrane  or 
sac  forming  the  walk-  of  hydatid  cysts.  Also,  a  substance 
found  in  echinoderms  and  other  invertebrates.  Its 
centesimal  formula  is,  C  =45.3  to  44. 1;  H  =  6.5to 
6.7;   N  =  5.2to4.5;  0  =  43  to  44.7. 

Hyaline  {ki'-al-iri)  [va?.or,  glass].  Resembling  glass 
in  transparency.  H.  Cartilage.  See  Cartilage.  H. 
Cast,  or  Cylinder,  a  clear,  nearly  transparent  urinarv 
tube-cast.  H.  Degeneration,  a  degeneration  of 
fibrous  tissue,  which  becomes  transparent,  jelly-like,  and 
homogeneous  in  structure. 

Hyalinosis  {hi-a!-in-of-sis)  [ia/.og,  glass].  Hyaline  or 
waxy  degeneration. 

Hyalinuria  {hi-al-in-u'-re-aJi)  [ycihoc ,  glass ;  ovpoy, 
urine].     The  presence  of  hyalin  in  the  urine. 

Hyalitis  {hi-al-i'-tis)  [vu'/.oc,  glass  ;  itic,  inflammation]. 
Inflammation  of  the  hyaloid  membrane.  It  is  also 
used  as  a  synonym  of  inflammation  of  the  vitreous 
humor. 

Hyalogen  (hi-al'-o-jcn)  [ia/.or,  glass ;  yewav,  to  pro- 
duce]. One  of  the  albuminoids  found  in  cartilage  ; 
it  i>  readily  changed  into  hyalin,  whence  the  name. 

Hyaloid  (hi'-al-oid)  [cn'/nr,  glass;  elSoc,  form]. 
Transparent ;  like  glass.  H.  Artery,  in  the  embryos 
a  branch  of  the  arteria  centralis  retinas,  traversing  the 
vitreous  humor  to  the  posterior  capsule  of  the  lens. 
It-  hyaloid  sheath   forms  the  Canal  t.      Per- 

sistence of  this  artery  after  birth  has  been  observed. 
H.    Membrane,    a    delicate,    transparent    membrane 


HYAL<  » 1 1 » I  I  IS 


HYDRAXGIOl  i  m,v 


.^     humor,    except     in     I' 

.'i  1    I. .tin 

•    l 

i  the 
i  living 
mym  ol 

1       ["he  .  "i 

iwn  hybrid. 

H    '■' 

g ;    mixture  of   i 

.  a  mongrel  ; 

■ 

[4N,0,.     Glycol 

hot  water  and  fi 

ah  ■  and  have  a 

• 
iarthros:  .  Si     .'.'      arthrosis. 

atcnterocele  >,    water; 

i  J.      Hydrocele  with   in- 

|.      A    (  jrst    with 
by  the  larva  of  a  tenia,  Echi- 
small  tapeworm, 
a.  in  it>  adu  la)  con- 

infest  tii  id    the  wolf, 

e  in 

principal  forms      I 

ius,  endogenous, 

fi  iund     in 

in  the    lower  animi 

|uently  ':  d  in  the 

hu:  third    kind    being   found   only    in 

■  lima! ),  Table 
lently,  also,  loosely  applied  to 
many  kinds.      Hydatids 
ap  ind  in  almost 

H.   Disease,  a   disi 
irious    portioi 

vary   according  to  the 

H.    Fremitus,    a    mod' 

illy  obtained  on  palpating 

I  palm    of    one     hand 

lor>nm    witli   the 

mor  or  thrill 

ndi- 
provided   with  a 
H.   Mole. 

H.of  Morgagni. 

I    tie-    lie 

H.  Tapeworm. 

atidiform  hydatid; 

n]        "  .iid! 

H    Degeneration  of  the 
.'       cular     Mole.       See     .1/,,/,. 


Hydatidocele  (ki-dat-id'-o-sll)  [ydarii .  hydatid  ;  xftq, 
tumor].     Oscheocele  with    hydatid   cysts. 

Hydatidoma  (hi-dat-id  o'-mali)  [wfaric,  hydatid;  6/ta, 
a  tumor].     Any  hydatid  cyst  or  tumor. 

Hydatidosis  [hi-dat-id-o' '-sis)  [v6arig,  hydatid].  The 
condition  oi   being  affected  with  hydatids. 

Hydatogenesis     {hi-dat-o-jen/ -es-is)     [idap,      water; 
production].       The  formation  of  water  within 
the  tissues  oi  cavities  of  the  body. 

Hydatoncus  lhi-dat-ong,-ktts)  [vSup,  water;  oynog,  i 
tumor].     Any  cyst,  or  watery  tumor. 

Hydatorrhea  [hi-dat-or-e/-ah)  [iidup,  water;  poia, 
flow].      A  copious  flow  of  water. 

Hydatotherapy  [hi-dat-o-ther,-ap-e).  See  Hydro- 
thei 

Hyderabad  Commission.     See  Anesthetic. 

Hydnocarpus  [hid-no-kar/ -pus)  [vdvov,  mushroom ; 
.  liuit  ].  A  genus  of  poisonous  bixaceous  trop- 
ical trees.  H.  (or  Gynocardia)  anthelminthicus, 
is  anthelmintic  and  useful  in  skin-diseases.  H. 
inebrians  and  H.  wightianus  have  similar  uses. 
L'nof. 

Hydracetin  Uii-dras' -et-in)  [bdpa,  a  water-serpent], 
C61I  ,N .,1  I  ,(<  J  I  .,'  » !.  A  derivative  of  coal-tar  and  a 
powerful  antipyretic  and  antirheumatic;  its  use, 
however,  is  attended  with  danger.  Dose  gr.  ^  to  ij. 
An  ointment  t  io  per  cent.)  is  recommended  in  pso- 
riasis.     L'nof. 

Hydracid  Uii-dras' -id)  [vtiup,  water;  acidum,  acid]. 
A  term  sometimes  used  in  chemistry  to  denote  an 
acid  formed  by  a  combination  of  hydrogen  and  some 
acid  element  or  radicle  other  than  oxygen.  Hydro- 
chloric acid,  HC1,  and  hydrogen  or  hydric  sulphid, 
I  I.,S,  are  examples. 

Hydradenitis  Chi-drad-en-i'-tis)  [idap,  water;  aSf/v, 
gland;  irtq,  inflammation].  I.  Same  as  Hidrosad- 
enitis.  2.  Lymphadenitis.  H.  destruens  sup- 
purativa.    See  Hydrosadenitis  phlegmonosa. 

Hydradenoma  [hi-drad-en-o'-md).  Same  as  Hidrad- 
enoma. 

Hydrsemia  {Jii-dre'-me-aK).     See  Hydremia. 

Hydraeropericardium  [hi-drah-e-ro-per-ik-ar^-de-uni) 
[iidup,  water;  d^p,  air;  Trept,  around;  xapdia,  heart]. 
The  presence  of  fluid  and  gas  in  the  pericardium. 

Hydraeropleuria  i  hi-drak-e-ro-plu,-re-ah)\y&ap,  water; 
iiiij),  air;  irXevpa,  side].     Same  as  Hydropneutnothorax. 

Hydragogue  [hi' -drag-og)  [vdup,  water;  ayuyoQ, 
leading].  I.  Expelling  water.  2.  A  purgative  that 
causes  copious  liquid  alvine  discharges. 

Hydramin  [hir -dram-in)  [iidup,  water ;  amin\  Any 
one  of  the  oxyethyl  bases  produced  by  the  action  of 
aqueous  ammonia  upon  ethylene  oxid,  The  hydra- 
mins  are  thick,  strongly  alkaline  liquids,  that  decom- 
pose upon  distillation. 

Hydramnios  Uii-dramf -ne-os)  [idap,  water ;  in/nor, 
fetal  membrane].  An  abnormal  amount  of  amniotic 
fluid. 

Hydrangea     {hi-dran'-je-ah)    [vdup,   water;    ayyeiov, 
elj.     A  genus  of  saxifragaceous  shrubs.     Therool 
of   H.  arborescensis,  much   used    by  the   Chen 
Indians   for  calculi    in  the   bladder,  is  said  to  be  of 

utility.      Dose  of  the  liquid  extract  Jss-ij;   of 

a  decoction  §j-ij.      Unof. 

Hydrangeion    [hi-dran' '-je-ori)    [iidup,    water,    lymph; 
:    //.,    Hydrangeia\.      A   lymphatic 
»el. 

Hydrangeitis  [hi-dran-je-i' '-tis)  [iidup,  water  ;  ayyeiov, 
a  vessel  ;  trig,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  a  lym- 
phatic 1  ;   lymphangitis. 

Hydrangiology    {hi-dran-je-ol* -o        [iidup,  water;   ", 

ience].     The    science   of  the 
are,  function,,  and  diseases  of  the  lymphatics. 


1IYDRANTII 


i79 


JJ\  DRASTIS 


Hydranth  (hi'-dranth )   \ySpoc,  hydra ;    avOoc,  flower]. 

In    biology,    the    proper    nutritive    zooid  of   the    Hy- 

drozoa. 
Hydrargism  [hi-drar1 '-gizm) .     See  Mercurialism. 
Hydrargyria  [hi-drar-jir,-e-aK\.     See  Mercurialism. 
Hydrargyriasis  Uii-drar-jir-i' -as-is\.     See  Mercurial' 

I  Sill . 

Hydrargyrism  (hi-drar' ' -jir-izm).     See  Mercurialism. 

Hydrargyromania     (hi-drar-j'ir  o  ma'  ne-ah)     [idpAp- 
r  ioi  .  mercury  ;    fiavla,   madness].      Insanity  due   to 
the  unwise  use  of  mercury. 

Hydrargyrophobia      [hi-drar-jir-o-fo' '-ie-ah)     [< 
yvpog,  mercury;  pdfiog,  fear].      Morbid  dread  of  mer- 
curial medicines. 

Hydrargyrophthalmia  {hi  -  drar-jir  -  off-thai' '-me-ah) 
[vdpap]  vpog,  mercury;  b(j>da?ifiia,  ophthalmia].  Oph- 
thalmia due  to  mercurial  poisoning. 

Hydrargyrum  (hi-drar* '-jir-um)  [idpdp-\  i-/>nr,  mercury  : 
gen.,  Hydrargyri\.  Mercury.  Quicksilver.  Hg  = 
200;  quantivalence  11,  iv.  'I'he  only  liquid  metallic 
element,  hence  the  common  name,  quicksilver.  See 
Elements,  Table  of.  In  medicine,  the  metal,  its 
nitrate,  oxids,  chlorids,  and  iodids  are  the  salts  most 
commonly,  the  sulphid  and  cyanid  less  frequently, 
used.  In  small  doses  continued  not  too  long  a  time 
it  is  a  tonic,  purgative,  and  alterative.  In  larger 
doses,  or  too  long  continued,  it  is  likely  to  produce 
pytalism.  In  "biliousness,''  mercurial  purgatives  have 
long  been  a  favorite  remedy,  blue-mass,  and  mercur- 
ous  chlorid  or  calomel  being  usually  employed.  In 
syphilis,  mercuric  chlorid  and  mercuric  iodid  are 
generally  considered  specific.  Mercury  in  the  form 
of  calomel  is  useful  in  glandular  inflammations.  Form- 
erly it  was  much  used  in  the  same  form  in  typhoid 
fever  and  malarial  fevers.  The  soluble  salts  of 
mercury  are  highly  poisonous.  H.  ammoniatum, 
ammoniated  mercury,  "  white  precipitate,"  mercur- 
ammonium  chlorid,  NH2HgCl,  is  used  externally. 
H.  ammoniati,  Ung.,  "  white  precipitate  ointment" 
—  ammoniated  mercury  10,  benzoated  lard  90  parts. 
H.  benzoas,  Hg(C6H5C02)2.  Dose,  in  pill,  gr. 
H.  carbolas,  easily  absorbed.  Dose,  in  pill,  gr.  \-\. 
H.  chloridum  corrosivum,  HgCL  (H.  perch- 
loridum,  B.  P.),  corrosive  chlorid  of  mercury, 
mercuric  chlorid,  "  bichlorid  of  mercury,"  "corrosive 
sublimate.''  Soluble  in  water  and  alcohol;  anti- 
syphilitic.  Dose  gr.  ^j— rV  Verv  poisonous.  Liq. 
hydrarg.  perchlorid.  (B.  P.),  contains  gr.  ss  of 
the  mercurial  salt  to  the  ounce.  Dose  ^5 ss— ij.  H. 
chloridum  mite.  Hg.,n„  (H.  subchloridum,  1!. 
P.),  mild  chlorid  or  subchlorid of  mercury,  mercurous 
chlorid,  "  calomel," — laxative,  tonic,  and  antipyretic. 
Insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  Dose  gr.  J$-x. 
H.  subchlor.,  Ung.  (B.  P.),  1  to  6|  of  benzoated 
lard.  H.cum  ammonia,  Emplastrum.  See  Am- 
monium. H.  cum  creta,  mercury  with  chalk, 
"chalk-mixture,"  "  gray  powder,"  contain-  mercury 
38,  clarified  honey,  10,  prepared  chalk  57.  water  q.  s. 
Dose  gr.  ss-x.  H.  cyanidum,  Hg(CN)2,  mercuric 
cyanid.  Soluble  in  water  and  alcohol.  It  i-  recom- 
mended, with  aconite,  in  diphtheria.  Dose  gr. 
Tfr0— jfo.  Poisonous.  H.,  Emplastrum,  mercurial 
plaster— mercury  30,  oleate  of  mercury  I  2,  lead- 
plaster  q.  s.  H.et  arsenii  iod.,  Liq.,  Donovan's 
Solution.  See  Arsenic.  H.  flav.,  Lotio,  unof., 
"yellow  wash"   for  syphilitic    sores — corrosive    sub 


lime-water    ;  x. 


limate  gr.  xvnj, 
unof,   hydrarg.    biniodid.    gr. 
cij,    water    ^iij,   syrup     q.    s. 
flavum,    Hg.,I,,    green    iodid 
ous    iodid.      Dose    gr.    y^—\- 
Hgl.„    red    iodid   or   biniodid 


»'J> 
ad 
of 
H 
of 


Gilbert's  Syrup, 
potass,  iodid.  gr. 
3  x.  H.  iodid. 
mercury,  mercur- 
iodid.  rubrum, 
mercury,   mercuric 


iodid.  Soluble  in  a  solution  of  potassium  iodid. 
Poisonous.  Dose  gr.  -1,,  ,'„.  H.  iodid.  rub., 
Ung.  (B.  1'  .  one  in  28.  H.,  Liniment  (B. 
P.),  contains  one  part  of  mercury  in  six.  H.,  Massa, 
"  blue  mass,'  "  blue  pill,' '  has  mercury  33,  licjuorice  5, 
althea  25,  glycerin  3,  confection  of  rose  34.  It  is  used 
mainly  as  a  purgative.  Dose  gr.  ss— xx.  H.  nigra, 
Lotio,  unof.,  "black  wash"  for  syphilitic  -ores- 
calomel  gr.  xxx,  lime-water  ^  x.  H.  nitrat.,  Liq., 
solution  of  mercuric  nitrate.  It  is  used  as  an  escharotic. 
H.  nitrat.  rub.,  Ung.,  unof.,  red  ointment  of  mer 
curie  nitrate,  brown  citrine  ointment  ;  it  is  made  with 
I  liver  oil.  H.  nitrat.,  Ung.,  citrine  ointment, — 
mercury  7,  nitric  acid  17,  lard-oil  76.  H.  nitrat., 
Ung.,  Dil.  (B.  P  1,  citrine  ointment  and  soft  paraffin, 
1  in  2.  H.  oleat.,  contain-  yellow  oxid  20,  oleic 
acid  80.  H.  oxid.  flav.,  yellow  oxid  of  mercury. 
Insoluble  in  water;  soluble  in  nitric  and  hydrochloric 
acids.  It  is  used  in  the  preparation  of  ointments,  etc. 
H.  oxid.  flav.,  Ung.,  contains  10  per  cent,  of  the  oxid. 
H.  oxid.  rub.,  red  oxid  of  mercury.  Dose  gr.  ^5— 
,'  H.  oxid.  rub.,  Ung.,  contains  10  per  cent,  of 
the  oxid.  H.  salicylas,  HgC-H40C00.  Dose  gr. 
',  in  pill.  H.  subsulph.  flav.,  Hg  HgO)2S04, 
yellow  subsulphate  of  mercury,  basic  mercuric  sul- 
phate, "turpeth  mineral."  Soluble  in  nitro  hydro- 
chloric  acid.  Dose,  for  emesis,  gr.  ij— v.  H. 
succinimidum  has  been  recommended  for  hypo- 
dermatic  use.  H.  sulph.  rub.,  red  mercuric  sulphate, 
"cinnabar,"  is  used  only  by  fumigation.  H.,  Sup- 
positoria  (B.  V. ),  each  contain-  gr.  v  of  mercurial 
ointment.  H.  tannas,  a  green  powder,  rapidly  ab- 
sorbed. Dose  gr.  j,  in  pill.  H..  Unguent.,  mer- 
curial ointment,  "  blue  ointment," — mercury  450,  lard 
225,  suet  225,  comp.  tinct.  benzoin  40,  old  mercurial 
ointment  100 ;  these  are  triturated  until  the  globules 
of  mercury  disappear  under  a  magnifying  glass.  It 
is  used  to  produce  the  physiologic  effects  of  mercury 
by  inunction. 

Hydrarthrosis  (hi-drar-thro'-sis)  [ydap,  water;  niflpnv, 
joint].  Aneffusionof  fluidintoa  joint,  usually  the  result 
of  chronic  synovitis.  It  is  called  also  Hydrops  ar- 
ticuli,  dropsy  of  the  joint,  white  swelling,  etc. 

Hydrarthrus  \ki-drarf -tkrus\.      See  Hydrarthrosis. 

Hydrastin  {hi-dras' -tin)  [voup,  water;  dpav,  to  act], 
C.,II.,,.\<  ),..  1.  An  alkaloid  occurring  together  with 
berberin  (C.,,,1 1,.N(  >4  —  4ULO)  in  the  roots  of  Hy- 
drastis canadensis  (a.  v.)  •  I J-4  grains  may  be  given  per 
diem,  in  divided  doses.  In  overdoses  it  may  have 
poisonous  effects.  2.  A  precipitate  from  a  tincture  of 
root  of  Hydrastis  canadensis;  it  is  laxative,  chola- 
gogue,  alterative,  tonic,  antiseptic,  etc.  Dose  gr.  j- 
ij.     Unof. 

Hydrastinin  [hi-dras' -tin-in)  [ydup,  water;  6pa\\  to 
act],  C11H.3N03.  An  alkaloid  obtained  by  the 
oxidation  of  hydrastin.  It  is  useful  in  chronic  metritis 
and  in  salpingitis,  controls  hemorrhage,  and  is  a  good 
substitute  for  ergot.  It  stimulate-  the  cardiac  muscle 
and  causes  contraction  of  the  lumen  of  arteries.  Dose 
of  the  hydrochlorate  gr.  ij— iv,  hypodermatically. 

Hydrastis  (hi-dras,-tis)  [pdup,  water;  dpav,  to  act]. 
Golden  seal.  The  roots  of  //.  canadensis,  with  pro- 
perties due  to  several  alkaloids,  the  principal  being 
hydrastin,  </.  v.  It  is  a  simple,  bitter  tonic,  with  anti- 
periodic  properties,  and  arre-ts  the  movements  of  white 
blood- corpuscles.  Itis  useful  in  catarrh  of  the  stomach 
and  urinary  organs,  and  as  a  lotion  in  gonorrhea  and 
gleet.  Dose  of  the  fid.  ext.,  n\v-xxx  ;  of  the  tinct. 
[20  percent.)  3ss-ij.  H.,  Ext.,  Liquid.  (B.  P.) 
I  lose  tTLv-xxx.  H.,  Glyceritum,  hvdrastis  10,  gly- 
cerin 5,  alcohol  and  water,  q.  s.  H.,  Tinct.,  20  per 
cent,  strength.      Dose  n\xx-3J.      L'nof. 


HYI>k  ' 


HYDROBIOSIS 


rate  "'  nl  an 

radical 

■ 

:  |  I  i. 

ilcd 

stable     gas, 
:..r   and  .1  strong 
from  n. 

de 
■  I   its 
al. 

'urn, 
mic 
phenylhydrazin 
usually  crystal- 
yellow 
.  |  >ose 

rccium  .  house : 

:  iception 
I  to  the  swimming- 

.    water;    ^rarstq, 
ntion  by  water  or  l>v  a  watery 

remesis  .     water;     iiuotq, 

?ati  ry  material. 
.  wati  r ;  ciifia,  blood]. 
id    due    to    defective 
t  fibrination.      It  accom 
.un  other  exhausting  dis- 

rencephal                                    [vdup,  water;    ■ 

ilic  brain. 

rencephalit:  ,    water; 

inflammation],  [nflammatory 

rencephalocele  .  wa 

.  hernia].     Encephalocele 
it  i  omposed  of  a  watery 
H.  palatina,  a  variety    of   hydrencephal 
in  wh  i  with  serum,  pro- 

■,    a   tumor  p<  «^-,i i>l y  as 

rencephalu  . 

•renterocele  [vdup,      water; 

il  hernia, 
•  d  fluid. 
li     '.rentcrorrhc.i  .  |P<    water; 

tery  diarrhea. 

6c,   heal- 
with  water 
.  physi 

'.  ith 

iter. 

i  I       \  impound 

H    Acid, 

i  and 

*"  C.     Thi     yrup  ol 


hydriodic   acid  contains    i    per  cent,  of  absolute   HI. 
1  lose,  ,t  j-iv,  well  diluted. 

Hydro-  (hi'-dro  water].      A   prefix   signifying 

water,    or    that    water    forms  a  structural    part.      See, 
i.  Hydrate. 

Hydroa  (hi-dr^-ah)  [e<'(.'/>,  water;  adv,  egg].  A 
term  including  a  group  of  vesicular  and  bullous  skin- 
affections  presenting  many  points  of  affinity  with  vesi- 
cating ervthemata.  lit  rpes,  ami  pemphigus.  The  group 
include:  the  disca-.es  described  as  Dermatitis  herpeti- 
lis,  Pemphigus  pruriginosus,  Urticaria  vesicans, 
i  Herpes  gestationis,  and  i-,  byno means  uncommon. 
Hydroa  occurs  in  individuals  of  the  neurotic  tempera 
meiii  ;  its  course  i-  chronic,  but  with  a  decided  tendency 
toward  ultimate  recovery.  [Hydroa,  as  the  name  ol  a 
skin  disease,  is  much  confused  in  meaning  with  Hidroa, 
q.  v.)  H.  bullosa.  Sec  //.  pruriginosum.  H. 
aestivale.  See  //.  vacciniforme.  H.  febrile.  See 
Herpes  facialis.  H.  gestationis,  that  of  pregnancy. 
H.  herpetiforme.  Also  called  Dermatitis  herpeti- 
formis:  Herpes  gestationis;  Herpes  circinatus  bullo- 
sus  ;  Pemphigus  circinatus.  See  Pemphigus  prurigi- 
us.  H.  pruriginosum.  Hydroa  bullosa  ;  a  very 
rare  form,  attended  at  its  development  with  intense 
itching,  and  sometimes  preceded  by  slight  febrile 
symptoms,  followed  by  the  formation  of  small  bullae 
not  exceeding  the  size  of  a  split  pea,  and  commencing 
as  vesicles,  without  any  antecedent  lesion.  Slight 
umbilication  occurs,  followed  by  desiccation,  and  the 
formation  of  scales  or  crusts.  Successive  crops  are 
formed,  the  bulla:  being  discrete  or  grouped  irregu- 
larly, but  never  in  circles.  H.  puerorum.  See  //. 
ini forme.  H.  vacciniforme.  Hydroa  cestivale ; 
Hydroa  puerorum  :  Recurrent  summer  eruption ;  a 
recurring  summer  eruption  of  boyhood,  usually  with 
vesicles  that  leave  scars.  The  disease  generally 
begins  in  the  first,  second,  or  third  year  of  life,  and  i> 
often  preceded  by  articular  symptoms.  The  eruption 
develops  chiefly  on  the  uncovered  parts,  and  is  generally 
preceded  by  burning  or  pain,  fulness  of  the  region  at- 
tacked, anorexia,  and  insomnia.  Red  spots  appear,  and 
on  these  rounded  vesicles  develop,  singly  or  in  groups, 
varying  in  size  from  that  of  a  millet-seed  to  that  of  a 
large  pea.  They  may  coalesce  into  an  irregularly  out- 
lined flattish  bulla.  The  redness  remains  as  an  areola. 
I  hese  bullre  dry  up,  rupture,  or  become  umbilicated, 
and  form  crusts  which,  on  separating,  leave  slightly 
depressed  scars  resembling  those  of  smallpox.  The 
pathology  is  unknown. 

Hydroadipsia  {hi-dro-ad-ip1 '-se-ah)  \y6ap,  water;  <), 
priv.  ;  6ii\>a,  thirst].  Absence  of  thirst,  or  of  desire 
t'  ir  water. 

Hydrobenzamid    [ki-dro-ben/-zam-id)    [iA<.>i>,    water; 
benzoin;    ami, I],   C.TI^X.,.     Azobenzoyl    hydrid,    a 
talline  compound,  soluble  in  alcohol. 

Hydrobenzoin  {hi-dro-ben-zo* -in)  [rrSw/i,  water;  ben- 
zoin  ] ,  t  ,  ,1 1  |(t  »,.  A  compound  prepared  bythe  action 
of  sodium  amalgam  on  benzoin.  It  dissolves  with 
difficulty  in  water,  is  readily  soluble  in  alcohol,  and 
crystallize-,  in  large,  shining,  rhombic  plates,  melting 
at  i  J4°  I '.. 

Hydrobilirubin      \hi-dro-bil-e-ruf -bin)     [vdup,     water; 

bills,  bile;   ruber,  red  ],  ( '...,1 1  ((1\'(( )..      A   rose-red  or 

vii  red  pigment  formed    by   treating  a  solution  of 

bilirubin    or    biliverdin    in   dilute  alkali    with   sodium 

ilgam.      It  is  slightly  soluble  in  water,  easily  so  in 

alcohol,    ether,    and    chloroform.      It    is    a   coloring- 

.  said  to  be   identical  with  stercobilin, 

and  found  in  urine. 

Hydrobiosis  [hi-dro-bi-o' -sis)  [ydup,  water;  Q'uoc,  life]. 
In  biology,  the  origin  and  maintenance  of  life  in  fluid 
i  in. 


HYDROBROMATE 


:.-l 


HYDROCARBON 


Hydrobromate  [hi-dro-bro/-mSt)  [ydap,  water;  P/juiku  , 

a  stench].     A  basic  salt  of  hydrobromic  acid. 
Hydrobromic  {hi-dro-bro* '-mtk)  [i/Sap,  water;  Ppu/iog, 

stench].      Composed  of  hydrogen    and   bromin.       H. 
Acid.     See  Acid, Hydrobromic.     H.  Ether,  C2H5Br. 

Bromid  of  ethyl.  A  colorless,  translucent  liquid,  with 
a  neutral  reaction,  ethereal  smell,  and  a  pungent, 
sweet  taste;  its  specific  gravity  is  1.4733  '■>  'l  boils  at 
1040  F.  (40.70  (_'.),  ami  burns  with  difficulty  wit 
green,  smokeless  flame.  It  is  prepared  by  distilling 
alcohol  with  either  bromin,  hydrobromic  acid,  or  bromid 
of  phosphorus.  It  is  only  slightly  soluble  in  water, 
but  freely  so  in  ether  or  alcohol.  It  is  used  as  an 
anesthetic.  Sec  Anesthetic. 
Hydrobromid  Iki-dro-bro'-midY  Same  as  Hydrobro- 
mate. 
Hydrocaffeic  Acid  [hi-dro-kaf-e' -ik).  See  Acid. 
Hydrocarbon  (hi-dro-kar1 '-bon)  [ydap,  water;  carbo, 
charcoal].  A  name  applied  to  anyone  of  a  multitude 
of  compounds  composed  mainly  of  hydrogen  and  car- 
bon, but  also  under  certain  conditions  containing  other 
elements  as  substitution-products.  The  possibilities 
of  the  number  of  such  compounds  may  be  seen  in  the 
following  series,  perhaps  the  simplest,  carbon,  C,  being 
a  tetrad,  and  requiring  four  monad  atoms  to  saturate 
its  quantivalence  :  — 

In  either  of   these  one  or  more 
atoms    of     hydrogen    may    be 
replaced  by  other  atoms  or  radi- 
cles without  altering  the  struc- 
ture of  the  compound. 
It  will  be  noticed  that  the  members  of  the  series  differ 
by  CH2  in  the  present  case.      The  various  members  of 
the  Fat-series  are  usually  indicated  as  follows  :  — 
Paraffin  Series,  CnH2n  +  2,    \  in  which  n  stands  for  any 
Olefins,  C2H2I1,  I  number  of  carbon  atoms. 

Acetylenes,  C2H2„_2,  j  Thus,  if  w  =  3,  the  corre- 

sponding member  of  the  Paraffin  series  would  be 
C3H8,  etc.  All  the  hydrocarbons  are  inflammable. 
They  occur  in  nature  as  marsh-gas  (fire-damp),  natural 
gas,  naphtha,  petroleum,  asphaltum,  ozocerite,  etc.,  in 
a  multitude  of  forms.  They,  with  their  derivatives, 
form  the  subject-matter  of  organic  chemistry.  A 
Table  of  the  Hydrocarbons,  is  appended. 


TABLE  OF  HYDROCARBONS. 

1.  PARAFFINS  (ETHANES),  CnH2n+2. 


TABLE  OF  HYDROCARBONS.— Continued. 
1.  PARAFFINS  (ETHANES).— Continued. 


Methane,  CH4. 
Ethane,  C2Hfi. 
Propane,  C.I  [g. 
Butane,  C4H10. 
Pentane,  C=H,., 


Name. 

< 

D 

s 

a. 
0 

z 

0 

J  0 

<  ~ 
0  Z 

>• 

X 

Oh 

0  a 

a.  < 

z  us 

o< 

v2 

-   J 

Z  r 

J  Z 
PqU 

Specific  Gravitv 
(at  the  Melting- 
point). 

Methane,  .   .   . 

CH4 

Gas 

05598 

Ethane 

C0H15 

Gas 

Propane,    .   .    . 

CsH8 

Gas 

~^~ 

Butane 

C4H10 

Gas 

Pentane,    .    .    . 

CsHjo 

Liquid 

37-39° 

Hexane,     .    .    . 

C6HH 

Liquid 

715° 

0.663 

Heptane,  .   .    . 

C7H16 

Liquid 

99° 

0.6967 

Octane 

CsHls 

Liquid 

1250 

0.718 

Nonane,    .  .   . 

CgHjo 

Liquid 

-  51° 

149-5° 

o-733° 

Name. 

< 

7. 

a. 

0 
tt. 

('ml  I  — 

Physicai  Con- 
dition. 

Mil   1  ING-POIN  I 
<    S  NT  I G  R  A I 

Bon  inc. -point 
(Centigradi 

SPI   1    1M>'  GR  V\  1  1  N 
Ml      Mil 

POIN 

Decane,     .   .   . 

Liquid 

-  32° 
-  26.5 

5 

214° 

Undecane,    .   . 

ChH« 

C12H26 

(  |  .1 1... 

Liquid 

0  7745 

Dodecane,    .   . 

Liquid 

0-773 

Tridecane,    .    . 

Liquid 

+  4-5° 

234° 

0-775 

Tetradecane,  . 

CnHar, 

Liquid 

252-5° 

0  775 

Pentadecan.  , 

CiiH32 

Liquid         -t-  io° 

270. 50 

0-775 

Hexdecane, 

C1CH34 

Solid           •    iV 
Solid            .'-•  50 
Solid 

287.5° 

0-775 

Hepdecane,  .   . 

1   17H 

3°3° 

0.776 

Octdecane,   .    . 

CisH^ 
(',,11.. 
CjiiH^-.. 
CnH« 
CjgH« 

317° 

0.776 

Noudecane,  .    . 

Solid              320 
Solid 

330° 

0  777 

Eicosane,  .    .    . 

^205° 

0-777 

Heneicosane,  . 

Solid            40.40 

215° 

0.778 

Docosane,     .    . 

Solid 

44-4° 

224. s° 

'-■"- 

Tricosane,    .   . 

C23II4S 

Solid 

47-7° 

234° 

0778 

Tetracosane,    . 

1  .  ,1 [  . 

Solid 

51  i° 

243° 

0778 

Pentacosane,    . 

1  .  .' '  is 

Solid 

Hexcosane,  .   . 

CjcHm 

Solid 

270° 

Heptacosane,  . 

CjjHga 

Solid 

59  5° 

0.779 

Octcosane,   .   . 

CosHjg 

Solid 

Noncosane,  .    . 

C29H0O 

Solid 

Hentriacon- 
tane,    .... 

C3iH<x 

Solid 

68.10 

302° 

0.780 

Dotriacontane, 

CasH^ 

Solid 

700 

3100 

0.781 

Pentatriacon- 
tane,    .... 

C35H72 

Solid 

74-7° 

.331°     [0.781 

Hexacontane, 

C60H122 

Solid 

102° 

2.  1 

Methylene,    .    . 

\LKYLI 
CHo 

LNS  (OLEFINS),  Cn 
Does  not  exist  in  tlu 

H2n. 
free  state 

Ethylene,  .   .   . 

C2H4 

C  H,-, 

I'll, 

Gas 

—  105° 

Prop>letie,     .    . 

Gas 

Trimethylene, 

Gas 

U;is 
Liquid 

Butylene,  .   .    . 

C4H8 

-5° 

Amylene,  .   .    . 

CsHin 

+  37° 

Hexylene,     .   . 

Cf,Hi; 

Liquid 

Heptylene,    .   . 

C:H14 

Liquid 

Cetene 

CgHio 

Liquid 

CoHls 

Liquid 
Liquid 

C10H0,) 

Ci]H~; 

Liquid 

.- 

Dodecylene, 

*  i.ll 2 1 

Liquid 

-3i-5° 

960 

0  7954 

CisHog 

Liquid 

1 1  \  1 


IIVhK«'»  ARBON 


HYDRi 


- 


< 

X 

'■ 

' 

: 

— ». 

<^ 

0.8097 

'34° 

08064 

Q       5 

i6o° 

08039 

— 

30° 

0.8016 

i.    H, 


'■ 

850 


I  A  HI  E  OF  HYDROCARBONS.— Coittinmed. 
HYDR<  CARBONS  —Continued. 


f-i 

V. 

h  -I. 

hS 

< 
_ 

- 

£  < 

9  < 

<5. 

N  v 

7. 

DC 

^2 

-    H 

1     X 

7  * 

*  ~ 

u  — 
-  Ui  0 

v,  a 

_  Z 

_  _  ^ 
.  - 

- 

.- 

-  - 

—  u 

Liquid 

/.  2 

Cumene,    .   .   . 

'  '    'I 

153° 

0.879 

Mesit)  len< 

1       'I. 

Liquid 
Liquid 

1630 

locumene, 

'       1  1 

16b0 

0.8722 

Cymene,       .   . 

Liquid 

I75-I760 

Durene,     .   .   . 

1         II. 

Solid 

79-80° 

1900 

Prehnitol,     .  . 

CiqHh 

Liquid 

2040 

6 
Methyl 

.  OTHE 

'II. 

K  HYDROCARBONS. 

Does  not  exist  in  the  iree  state 



1     II 

not  exist  in  the  free  state. 

Butyl 

(',11  < 

I  loes  not  exist  in  the  tree  state. 

Benzyl,  .... 

C7H7 

Does  not  exist  in  the  free  state. 

Styrol,    .... 

(Ml. 

Liquiil 

•44-145° 

°-9*5 

Indene 

C9H8 

Liquid 

177-1 

1.040 

Naphthalene,  . 

CioHg 

Solid 

79° 

218° 

Terpinolene, 

1  i 
C10H  io 

Liquid 

185-1900 

iphthene, 

Solid 

95° 

277° 

Diphem  1,  .    .    . 

Solid 

71° 

254° 

Fluorene,  .   .   . 

Solid 

IJ3° 

295° 

Diphenj  1 

methane, 

CisHu 

Solid 

26.5° 

262° 

Anthracene, 

(  hI'io 

Solid 

2130 

Phenanthrene, 

ChH10 

Solid 

99° 

Tolane 

(  14H10 

Solid 

60° 

Stilbene,    .   .   . 

ChHio 

Solid 

120° 

Dibenzyl,  .    .    . 

ChHh 

Solid 

52° 

2840 

Fltioranthene, 

CuHio 

Solid 

I 09-1 10° 

Methyl 

anthracene, 

1  |  H. 

Solid 

190° 

Pyrene 

CjeHio 

Solid 

Mv) 

Chrysene,     .   . 

(  1 . 1 1 1  -j 

Solid 

2500 

436° 

Retene,  .... 

C18HM 

(  23  * »  14 

Solid 

9S0 

390° 

Triphenj  l 

methane, 

Solid 

93° 

.... 

Solid 

338° 

5«9° 

Cervl 

Benzene  Series. 

Boiling-point.       Specific 
_  _  ■  gravity. 

Benzene,  C„H8, 8o.t°  C.  .8S4atis6C. 


Toluene,  C,,H5CH3 


f  o-Xvlene    1420  -14 
Xylene,    CeH4.fC:  ,  s°  C 

„  .  IP-     "  I36°-I3; 


.    1 10.3"  C.  .872 

0  \\  lene   i42°-i43°C. 

">  c.  866  "     " 

137°  C.  .862  "  i9..s°C. 
I  s,  udocumene  1    r„     r„  .       (   i6o.80C.  .8s3  "     .2o°C. 

J-  QH3.,CH3)3     I   ,6*50  c-  .869"  9.80  C. 

CH3)4 iS90-i9i°C. 

Pentamethylbenzene,  C9H.(CH  -2^o°C. 

methylbenzene    C«(CH         .  (°C. 


HYDRO)  ARDIA 


583 


IIYI>k«>ljIl  Kl 


Hydrocardia  {hi-dro-kar' '-de-ah).  See  Hydropericar- 
dium. 

Hydrocaulus  {hi-dro-kait/ -lus)  [vdup,  water;  KavX6q,  a 
stem:  />/.,  Hydrocauli\.  In  biology,  tin:  main  stem  of 
a  hydrozoan   colony. 

Hydrocele  (hi'-dro-sel)  [vdup,  water;  *//>//,  tumor]. 
A  collection  of  serous  fluid  in  the  tunica  vaginalis 
i.  ii  ,or  in  connection  with  the  testicle  <>r  cord.  '1  he 
term  is  applied,  also,  to  a  serous  tumor  in  other  loca- 
tion-.. 

Hydrocelia  {hi-dro-se' '-le-ah)  \yiup,  water;  icoiXia, 
belly].      Dropsy  of  the  belly  or  abdominal  region. 

Hydrocellulose  {hi-dro-sel'-u-los)  \ySup,  water;  cellula, 
a  little  cell],  C,jHmO]j.  A  body  forme. 1  by  moisten- 
ing cellulose  with  a  dilute  mineral  acid,  and  then  dry- 
ing.    It  is  used  in  photography. 

Hydrocelodes    [hi-dro-sel-(/-dlz\    \_vdup,  water;   % 
tumor;  eldoc,  form] .     A  tumor  resembling  hydrocele, 
but  due  to  an  extravasation  of  uri 

Hydrocenosis  (hi-dro-sen-o'-sis)  [vdup, water;  icivoacc, 
evacuation].  An  evacuation  of  water  either  by  the 
use  of  hyiragogue  cathartics  or  by  the  operation  of 
"tapping"  the  cavity  containing  the  accumulation  of 

fluid.       See   I'arn, ,  ntesis. 

Hydrocenotic  {hi-dro-sen-of '-ik)  [vdup,  water;  ic'rucnr, 
evacuation].      Relating  to  or  causing  hydrocenosis. 

Hydrocephalic  {hi-dro-sef-al'-ik)  [ydup, water;  ki< 
head].      Pertaining  to  or  affected  with  hydrocephalus. 
H.    Cry,    the    shriek    of   pain   of  the  hydrocephalic 
child  during  the  exacerbation-. 

Hydrocephalitis  {hi-dro-sef-al-i1 '-lis).  See Hydrenceph- 
alitis. 

Hydrocephalocele   {hi-dro-sef  '-al-o-sel)  [ydup,  water  ; 
:'/!,,   head;    K>//.i/,a.   tumor].       Congenital  hydro- 
cephalus in  which  the  encephalon  protrudes  through 
the  ununited  or  undeveloped  cranial  wall. 

Hydrocephaloid  {hi-dro-sef r/ '-al-oid)  [ydop,  water; 
Ke(j>a'/.r/,  head  ;  eldoc,  form].  Pertaining  to  or  resem- 
bling  hydrocephalus.  H.  Disease,  Marshall  Hall's 
Disease ;  a  disease  resembling  hydrocephalus,  some- 
times observed  in  poorly-nourished  infants  just  after 
weaning.  It  is  a  condition  of  nervous  exhaustion, 
generally  coming  on  after  a  prolonged  illness,  or  fol- 
lowing premature  weaning.  There  is  a  stage  of  irrita- 
bility and  one  of  torpor.  The  pulse  is  irregular, 
the  fontanel  flaccid  and  hollow,  and  there  is  no,  or 
but  slight,  tendency  to  vomiting.  Stimulants  and  tonics 
arrest  the  progress  of  the  condition. 

Hydrocephalus    {hi-dro-sef f-al-u  »,   water  ;    /ce- 

tyakf),  head].  A  collection  of  fluid  in  the  cerebral 
ventricles  {internal hydrocephalus]  or  outside  the  brain- 
substance  {external  hydrocephalic-  .  previ  nting  closure 
of  the  fontanels  and  causing  enlargement  of  the  skull. 
The  head  maymeasure  as  much  as  thirty  inches  in  cir- 
cumference. Wormian  bones  develop  in  the  sutures  and 
fontanels  ;  the  eyeballs  are  rendered  prominent  and  at 
the  same  time  their  axes  are  depressed.  Often  there  is 
a  retardation  of  the  mental  development,  and  the  patient 
usually  dies  within  a  few  years.  An  acute  hydrocephalus 
occurs  in  meningeal  inflammation.  The  chronic  form  is 
congenital  or  infantile. 

Hydrochinone  {hi-dro-ki' '-ndn)  [i  Aup,  water ;  quinone~\ , 
CfiII602.  A  substance  existing  in  urine  as  an  ethereal 
compound  with  H  ,S( ),  ;  it  is  largely  the  cause  of  the 
dark  color  that  this  excretion  assumes  after  the  ab- 
sorption of  phenol  on  exposure  to  the  air. 

Hydrochlorate  {hi-dro-klo'-rat)  \ySup,  water;  xkdpoq, 
green].      Any  salt  or  compound  of  hydrochloric  acid. 

Hydrochloric  Acid  {hi-dro-klo'-rik\.  See  Acid,  Hy- 
drochloric. 

Hydrochlorid  {hi-dro-chlo1 '-rid)  \_iSup,  water;  %ki)poq, 
green].      Same  as  Hydrochlorate. 


Hydrocholecystis  { hidro-ko-le-sis'  -lis)  [vdup,  water  ; 
I-//',,  bile;  tffxmc,  bladder].  Dropsy  of  the  gall- 
bladder. 

Hydrocinnamic  Acid  {hi-dro-sin-am'-ik).     See  Acid. 

Hydrocirsocele  {hi-dro-sir'-so-sel)  [vdup,  water;  m 
venous  enlargement;    ai////,   tumor].      Hydrocele  ac- 
i  ompanied  with  varicose  veins  of  the  spermatic  cord. 

Hydroccelia  {hid-ro-se/-le-ah).     See  Hydrocelia. 

Hydrocceroulignone  {ki-dro-st  ru  i  f-non\  [iAup, 
water;  coeruUus,  blue;  lignum,  wood],<  .1!  .'  ',  A 
divalent  phenol,  crystallizing  from  alcohol  and  glacial 
acetic  acid  in  colorless  leaflets,  and  melting  at 
i  .       I 

Hydrocollidin  {hi-dro-koV -id-in)  [vdup,  water;  kATJXo., 
glue].     A  highly  poisonous  ptomaln  i   named 

by  Gautier  and  Etard,  and  declared  by  them  to  be 
identical  with  the  hydrocollidin  obtained  by  Cahours 
and  Etard  from  the  action  of  selenium  on  nicotin. 
Nencki,  on  the  other  hand,  asserted  its  identity  with  a 
base  {collidin)  isolated  by  him  in  1876,  to  which  he 
had  ascribed  the  formula  C8H„N.  The  formula  of 
Gautier  and  Etard 's  hydrocollidin  is  C8HUN.  This 
ptomaine  was  obtained  from  chloroformic  extracts 
from  putrefying  mackerel,  and  putrefying  horse-flesh 
and  ox-flesh.  The  free  base  is  an  almost  colorless, 
alkaline,  oily  fluid,  having  a  strong,  penetrating  odor 
like  syringa.  So  small  a  dose  as  0.0017  gram  of  the 
hydrochlorid,  injected  into  birds,  produced  dizziness, 
paralysis,  and  death.  The  pupil-,  remain  normal,  and 
the  heart  stops  in  diastole. 

Hydrocolpocele  {ki-dro-kolf-po-sel)  [ydap,  water; 
kSaitoc,  vagina  ;  ki/ctj,  tumor].  A  serous  tumor  of  the 
vagina. 

Hydrocotarnin  {hi-dro-ko-tar'-)iin)  [ydup,  water  ;  co- 
tarniti\,  (',  dl^NO..  —  ',II,0.  A  crystalline  alkaloid 
occurring  in  small  amount  in  opium.  It  melts  at  500 
C.  ,and  is  readily  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  and  chloro- 
form. 

Hidrocotoin  {hid-ro-ko1 '-to-in)  [ydap,  water;  Sp.,  coto, 
a  cubit],  CjjE^O^.  An  alkaloid  of  coto-bark,  occur- 
ring in  yellowish  crystals  without  taste. 

Hydrocotyle  {hi-dro-koV '-il-e)  [vdup,  water;  KarVkq,  a 
cup].  Pennywort;  a  genus  of  umbelliferous  herbs. 
The  leaves  of  H.  asiatica  serve  as  a  bitter  tonic  and 
alterative,  and  are  very  serviceable  in  skin-diseases, 
syphilitic  sores,  and  leprosy.  H.  centella,  of  S.  Africa, 
H.  umbellata,  of  America,  and  H.  vulgaris,  of 
Europe,  have  been  employed  in  medicine,  but  their 
properties  are  little  known.  H.  bonariasis,  of  S. 
America,  is  diuretic.     All   unof. 

Hydrocrania  {hid-ro-kra'  -ne-ah).  Same  as  Hydro- 
cephalus. 

Hydrocyanic  {hi-dro-se-an'-ik).  See  Cyanogen,  and 
Acid ,  Hydrocyanic. 

Hydrocyst   {hi' '-dro-sist)    [Wup,  water;     KVGTig,  blad- 
der].     A  cyst  containing  a  water-like  liquid.      Some- 
times it   is    synonymous    with   hydatid.       In    bioli 
Huxley-  name  for  singular  organs  found  in  certain  of 
the  Hydrozoa  (especially  the  .  They  are 

pvriform  sacs  of  ectoderm  and  endoderm,  closed  at 
their  distal  ends,  but  in  free  communication  with  the 
somatic  cavity  at  their  proximal  ends ;  they  are  ar- 
rested polypites  in  which  the  mouth  has  never  become 
developed. 

Hydroderma  {hi-dro-der'-mah)  [ydop,  water;  deppa, 
skin].      Dropsy  of  the  skin. 

Hydrodictyotomy  {hi-dro-dik-te-of '-o-me)  [iSup,  water; 
6'iK-rvnv,  net :  n  .  section].  Surgical  incision  of  the 
retina  for  the  relief  of  edema. 

Hydrodiuresis  {hi-dro-di-u-re/-sis)  [vdup,  water;  tin, 
through  ;  1  • ,  to  make  water].    A  copious  flow  of 

watery  urine. 


HYDRO  111'    IKK' 


584 


ll\  DRI  >NAPH  MINI  A.M1N 


:o-electnc 

with 
H.  Bat 

patient. 

un         li     is 

square 
and 

i,  but  now  often  sj  n 
i  ilitative 
.  antimony,  and  l"t   com 
neat.      It  has 
a    pulmonary   tuber- 
H.  peroxid,  or 
ition 
h  rful  anti  rmicide,  and 

int    in    diphtheria,   glandular 
inflammatii >ns,  and  as  an 
air  ixysms  of   whoopi 

It  is  t'  '   hair-bleaching  solu- 

H.  d..  Aqua,  solution  of 

i  cent,  by  weight  of  the 

H.  sulphid.     S  tlphuric. 

H  ■  •  ••  i,  water ;   ;  twav, 

■  ].      I.    The  collection  or 

ry  fluid.     2.   Any  disease  in  which 

ration  of  mucous 

r   milk. 

rohematocele  i,  water; 

.  tumor].     Hematocele     i         .ited 

rohemi.i  -   me  as  Hydremia. 

.rohemostat  ["S<j/»,     water; 

I].     A  device  for  stopping 
ure. 
'.  rohemothorax  iks)       [ydup, 

fusion  of 
ity. 
vmeniti-.  3  e   Hydry 

fra. 
m],      1. 


.  water  ; 
An  instrument  used  in 
ter  in  any  given  sam 

«.,  Hy 
\  medii  ated  vt 

tm,  oil], 
mlsion  .it  cod 

•   1 


"Ph  lympha, 

■ 

dis 

■ 


Hydrolyte  |  ,  water ;  Ai/fftf,  dissolving], 

I*he  substance  hydrolyzed. 

Hydrolytic  \hi-dro-lif -ik\    [vdup,  water;   \veiv,  to  dis 
solve].     Pertaining  to  the  decomposition  of  water,  or 
the  liberation  of  water  during  a  chemic  reaction,     H. 
Ferments,  those  causing  a  combination  with  the  eh- 
mentsol  water  in  the  substances  they  decompose. 

Hydroma    Uti-dr</ -mah)   |  water;  >'""/, 

a  tumor:  /■■'..  Hydromata],  A  tumor  containing 
water.  A  cysl  "i  sa<  Riled  with  water  or  serous  fluid. 
Also,  an  edematous  swelling.  Also,  the  cystic  dilata- 
tion of  a  I)  mphatic  of  the  neck. 

Hydromania  >-maf-ne-ak)  [ydup,   water;  fiavia, 

madness].  1.  Intense  or  maddening  thirst.  2.  Ma- 
ma with  desire  for  sun  ide  by  drowning. 

Hydromel  [hi* '-dro-mel ')  [vdup,  water;  iu'/i,  honey],  A 
fermented  mixture  of  honey  and  water,  whether  medi- 
cated or  not  ;  a  kind  oi   mead  or  metheglin. 

Hydromeningitis   (hi-dro-men-in-ji' '-lis)   [vdup,  watei  ; 
.   a  membrane  ;    trig,    inflammation].      Inflam- 
mation   of  the  membranes  of  the  brain  or  cord,   ac- 
companied  by  effusion  of  watery  fluid. 

Hydromeningocele       [ai-dro-men-m'-go 

watei  .  '.'■  iyf,  membrane;  />///.//,  a  tumor].  A  cystic 
tumor  of  the  meninges,  protruding  through  the  skull. 
Also,  a  cystic  tumor  in  the  arachnoid  cavity  or  in  the 
<  ontinuation  of  the  subarachnoid  space. 

Hydrometer  [hi-drom' -et-er)  [vdup,  water;  ptrpov,  a 
measure].  An  instrument  for  determining  the  specific 
gravity  of  liquids  or  solutions  containing  water. 

Hydrometra  (hi-dro-me'-trah)  [ydup,  water;  fi^rpa, 
the  womb].  A  collection  of  water  or  mucus  in  the 
womb.  It  may  result  from  congenital  atresia  in  in- 
fants, but  usually  follows  an  endometritis  with  stenosis 
of  the  cervix. 

Hydrometrectasia  (hi-dro-me-trek-ta' '-ze-aA)  [1  'Vi/j, 
water;  \ii,Tpa,  womb;  iaraoic,  a  stretching  out]. 
Hydrometra  causing  distention  of  the  uterus. 

Hydromicrencephalia  (hi-dro-mi-kren-sef-a'-le-aK)  or 
Hydromicrencephaly  [hi-  dro  -  mi  -  kren  -  scf  ■  al-e) 
[vdup,  water;  {UKpdg,  small;  /; k>ou/<>c,  the  brain]. 
Micrencephaly  leading  to,  or  complicated  by,  a  serous 
effusion  within  the  cranial  cavity. 

Hydromphalocele    (hi-drom-fal'-o-sil)  [vdup,  water; 
n'/i'tr,   navel  ;   k^Xtj,   hernia].      Cystic  tumor  in  the 
sac  of  an  umbilical  hernia. 

Hydromphalus  [hi-drom' '-fal-us)  [Mu/j,  water ;  b/upa- 
'/<»;,  navel].  A  tumor  at  the  navel  distended  with 
water.  It  may  arise  either  from  ascites  or  umbilical 
hernia. 

Hydromyelia  {hi-dro-mi-e'-le-ah)  or  Hydromyelus 
[hi-dro-mi* -el-us)  [ydup,  water;  pveXdg,  marrow]. 
I  lilatation  of  the  central  canal  of  the  spinal  cord 
with  an  accumulation  of  fluid.  It  may  be  moderate 
or  extri  me. 

Hydromyelitis  (hi-dro-mi-el-i'-tuh  [vdup,  water;     five- 
.   marrow;  trig,  inflammation].      Same  as  Hydror- 
rhachu  interna. 

Hydromyringa,  or  Hydromyrinx   [hi '  drn-mir-in' 
'■1    hi-dro-mi' '-rinks)    [vdup,  water;   myrinx,  the  tym- 
tic  membrane],      1.  The  distention    of  the  mem- 
brana  tympani  with  water  effused  within  its  substance. 
1         tly,  the  same  as  Hydrotympanum. 

Hydronaphthol  [hi-dro  naff  thol)  |  vdup,  wat<  1  . 

phalt],     A  proprietary  preparation  recommended  as 
an  odorless,  non  poi  onous,  and  non  1  orrosive  antisep 
It  is  regarded    by    omi     as    identical  with  beta 
naphthol.      Dose  gr.  ij-v.     Unof. 

Hydronaphthylamin    |  ki-dro-naf-thil' -am-iri)     [ydup, 

water;  asphalt;    amin\,  <"10ll    II,  Ml,.      A 

compound,  called  also    tetrahydrobetanaphthylamin ; 

;    1    to  5  pei  cent.,  whether  used  topically 


HYDRONCUS 


;,-:, 


HYDROPYOSALPINX 


or   hypodermatically,  causes    great    dilatation  of    the 

pupil. 
Hydroncus [hi-drong/-hus)  [vdup,  water;   bynoq,  ma 
A  distention  or  swelling  caused   by  an  accumulation 

of  water.     See,  also,  Edema  and  An 

Hydronephrosis  [hi-dro-nef-ro' -sis]  [vdup,  water; 
vefypdc,  kidney].  A  collection  of  urine  in  the  pelvis  "I 
the  kidney  from  obstructed  outflow.  lie  obstruction 
maybe  caused  by  an  impacted  calculus,  a  ste  nosed 
ureter,  congenital  deformities,  or  new  growths.  I  be 
cyst  may  vary  in  size,  being  eithei  very  small  or 
enormous.  Hydronephrosis  is  marked  clinically  by 
the  presence  of  a  tumor  in  the  renal  region,  soft  and 
fluctuating,  and  usually  painless.  H.,  Intermittent, 
one  in  which  there  is  from  time  to  time  the  occurrence 
of  a  free  discharge  ol  mine,  with  diminution  in  the 
size  of  the  renal  tumor;  ordinarily  the  retention  is  the 
result  of  twisting  or  kinking  of  a  ureter. 

Hydronephrotic  [hi-dro-nef-ro^ -ih)  [vdup,  water;  ve<p- 
poc,  kidney].  Relating  to,  affected  with,  or  of  the 
nature  of,  hydronephrosis. 

Hydronosos  [hi-dron'-o-sus)  [vdup,  water ;  voooq,  dis- 
ease].     A  disease  attended  with  dropsy. 

Hydroparesis  [hi-dro-par^-es-is)  [hiSup,  water;  ndp- 
eois,  paralysis].  A  paretic  affection  characterized  by 
watery  effusions,  such  as  are  seen  in  beriberi. 

Hydropathy  [hi-drop/ -ath-e)  [vdap,  water;  iraBoc,  dis- 
ease]. The  treatment  of  diseases  by  the  use  of  water, 
externally  and  internally. 

Hydropedesis  [hi-dro-ped-e' '-sis).     See  Hidropedesis. 

Hydropericarditis  [hi-dro-per-ik-ar-di' -tis)  [vdup, 
water  ;  wept ,  around  ;  Kapdia,  heart ;  trie,  inflamma- 
tion]. Pericarditis  accompanied  by  serous  effusion  into 
the  pericardium. 

Hydropericardium  [hi-dro-per-i&-ar/-de-um)  [vdup, 
water;  nepi ,  around;  Kapdia,  heart].  A  collection 
of  water  within  the  pericardium.  It  may  be  active, 
passive,  or  mechanical,  but  is  generally  the  result  of 
kidney-disease,  valvular  lesions  of  the  heart,  or  chronic 
affections  of  the  lungs. 

Hydroperididymia  ( &i-dro-per-e-did-im/-e-ah)  [vdup, 
water;   wepi,  around;   didvpog,  testicle].      Hydrocele. 

Hydroperitoneum  [hi-dro-per-it-on-^-um).  See  As- 
cites. 

Hydrophallus  [hi-dro-faP -us]  [vdup,  water;  <paXk6c, 
penis].      A  dropsical  swelling  of  the  penis. 

Hydrophilous  [hi-droff/-il-us)  [vdup,  water;  <f>ihoc, 
loving].  In  biology,  applied  to  plants  that  are  fertil- 
ized through  the  agency  of  water. 

Hydrophlegmasia  [hi-dro-fleg-ma'-ze-ah]  [vdup,  water; 
(phryiiatjia,  inflammation].  Any  phlegmasia  or  inflam- 
mation characterized  by  serous  effusion. 

Hydrophobe  (/i i' -dro-fol>)  [vdap,  water;  Oo/?oc,  fear]. 
A  person  who  is  affected  with  rabies. 

Hydrophobia  [hi-dro-fo' '-be-ah)  [vdup,  water;  </>o/3oc, 
dread].  A  symptom  of  rabies  in  man,  consisting  in 
fear  of,  or  inability  to  swallow,  water.  The  term  is 
used  commonly  as  a  synonym  of  Rabies,  and  particu- 
larly of  the  disease  in  man.  H.,  Pseudo-.  See 
Pseudo-hydrophobia. 

Hydrophobic  [hi-dro-fo1 '-bih)  [ydap,  water  ;  <po/3oc, 
dread].  Pertaining  to,  or  having  the  nature  of,  hy- 
drophobia.    H.  Tetanus.     See  Kopftetanus. 

Hydrophobophobia   [hi-dro-fo-bo-fo/-be-ah)   [it 
water  ;    <»/ dog,  fear].      A  morbid  and  intense  dread  of 
hydrophobia. 

Hydrophone  [hi' '-dro-fon)  [ydap,  water;  <puvij,  the 
voice].  An  instrument  used  in  auscultatory  percus- 
sion, the  sound  being  conveyed  to  the  ear  through  a 
column  of  water. 

Hydrophthalmia  [hi-droff-tkaV '-me-ah)  [ydap,  water; 
otpQa'/.uog,  eye].      An  increase  in  the  fluid  contents  of 


the  eye,  resulting  in  glaucoma,  keratoglobus,  staphyl- 
oma, etc. 

Hydrophthalmos     [hi-droff-thal' -mos).       See    /. 
gl\  '/>us. 

Hydrophyllium  [hi  dro-fil' '-e-um)  [vdup,  vi  /or. 

leaf].     In  biology,  one  of  the  | 
the  nutritive  zodids  in  a  colony  of  hydrozi 

Hydrophyr  [hi' -dro-fer)  [vdup,  water].  Briicke's 
name  lor  a  variety  "i  i"  ptone  insoluble  in  alcohol. 
See  Peptone. 

Hydrophysocele  [hi-dro-fif -zo-slV)  [ydap,  water ; 

air;    hi,'/ 1; ,  tumor].      Hernia    containing  both    serous 
fluid  ami  a  gas. 

Hydrophysometra  [hi-dro-fi-zo-me1 '-trah)  [vdup,  water; 
tpvoa,  wind;  pfftpa,  womb] .      An  abnormal  colle< 
of  water,  or  other  fluid,  and  gas,  in  the  womb. 

Hydrophyton  [hi-droff'-it-on]  [vdup,  water;  tfnrr&v,  a 
plant:  pi.,  Hydrophyta\  In  biology,  the  branching 
structure  furnishing  support  to  a  colony  of  hvdrozoa. 

Hydropic  [hi-dropf-ik]  [i  ApuTrinoc,  dropsical].  Per- 
taining to  dropsy. 

Hydropica      [hi-drop* -ik-ah)     [vdpu-rriKor,     dropsical]. 
Medicines  useful   in  dropsy;   especially  diuretic  reme- 
dies. 

Hydroplanula  [hi-dro-plan' '-u-lah)  [hydra,  a  genu- of 
hydrozoans ;  planula,  a  stage  of  the  embryo].  In 
biology,  an  embryo  hydrozoan  between  the  planula 
and  the  tentaculated  actinula. 

Hydroplasm     {hi' '-dro-plazm)    [vdap,  water;    -/ 
plasma].      A  fluid  constituent  of  protoplasm,  or  of  any 
plasma. 

Hydropneumatosis  (hi-dro-nu-ntai-o'-sis)  [vdap, water; 
irvevpaxaaig,  inflation].  An  abnormal  or  morbid  col- 
lection of  water,  or  other  fluid,  and  air,  within  any  of 
the  tissues  of  the  body.      See,  also,  Hydropneumonia. 

Hydropneumonia  [hi-dro-nu-mo,-ne-ah]  [idup,  water; 
■kve'vuuv,  the  lung].  A  disease  thought  to  consist  of  a 
serous  infiltration  into  the  lung;  pulmonary  edema; 
also,  an  eflusion  within  the  pleura  sometimes  accom- 
panying pneumonia. 

Hydropneumopericardium  [hi-dro-nn-mo-per-ik-ar'- 
de-nm)  [ydap,  water ;  nvevfia,  air;  wepixapdurv,  pericar- 
dium]. A  morbid  collection  of  air  and  water  within 
the  pericardium.  It  causes  the  clacking  sound  com- 
monly known  as  the  "  water-wheel  "  sound. 

Hydropneumothorax  [hi-dro-nu-mo-tho1 '-raks)  [i  dap, 
water;  KVEvpa,  air;  dupal;,  thorax].  Air  (or  gas)  and 
water  (or  serous  effusion)  in  the  pleural  cavity. 

Hydropolyp  [hi-dro-pel' '-/'/>)  [vdap,  water;  iroXviravc, 
polyp].  In  biology,  a  hydroid  polyp ;  a  nutritive 
zooid  of  a  hydrozoan  colony. 

Hydrops  [hi'-drops]  [vdparjt,  dropsy].  Dropsy;  an  ab- 
normal collection  of  fluid  in  a  cavity  or  part  of  the 
body.  See  Anasarca.  H.  articuli,  a  watery  effusion 
into  the  synovial  cavity  of  a  joint.  H.  cerebri,  hydro- 
cephalus. H.  fibrinosus,  eflusion  into  a  joint, 
with  fibrinous  deposits.  H.  oculi.  Same  as 
Hydrophthalmia.  H.  paralyticus,  that  in  paralyzed 
parts.  H.  renalis.  See  Hydronephrosis.  H.  spu- 
rius,  from  obstruction  of  the  natural  outlet  of  a  secret- 
ing organ.  H.  tubae.  Same  as  Hydrosalpinx,  q.  v. 
H.  tubarum.  See  Hydrosalpinx.  H.,  Tuberculous, 
a  copious  effusion  into  a  joint  from  tuberculous  affection 
of  the  synovial  membrane.  H.  vesicae  felleae, 
dropsy  of  the  gall  bladder. 

Hydroptic  [hi-dropf-tik).      Same  as  Hydropic. 

Hydropyopneumothorax  [hi-dro-pi-o-nu-mo-tho'-raks) 
[vdap, water ;.7rvov,pus ;  m   D//a,air;  .chest].  Hy- 

dropneumothorax, associated  with  the  presence  of  pus. 

Hydropyosalpinx  [hi-dro-pi-o-sal1 '-pingks)  [vdwp,water ; 
iriiov,  pus;  oahmyg,  tube].  An  accumulation  of 
water  and  pus  in  an  oviduct. 


HYI'k'  T\  RE  riC 


586 


IIVDRo/onX 


Hydropvrctic 

roquinr.i 

antipyri 

dent  phenol 
lilute   I  l,S<  >,.  or 
in  m 
i  melt  a- 
ihol,  and  ether, 
ithout   produ 

DtJseptic. 

•otj. 
i  or  the 

I 

.puncture].    Punc- 

111  the  treatment  of  hy- 


[  <.    water  ;     ',•■ 

i  within  tin   vertebral  canal. 


H    interna. 

rorrhach.tis  .  water;   ba  i"', 

.  inflammation].      Hydrorrhachis  with  in- 

- 

rorrhea  >,  water;    bo'ta,  flow], 

H.  gravidarum,  a  condition  oc- 

regnant  woman,  in  which 

m  the  uterus  of  thin 

ult  of  hypertrophy  of 

jive  .-ecrelion. 

rosadenitis  '-lis)    [vdup,     water; 

inflammation].     See    Hidrosad- 

H.    phlegmonosa,    a    furunculus    beginning 

It  i-  also  called  Hydradenitis  destru- 

Barthelemy),  and 

1  .ukasiewii 

' -pinks)[ydup,  water;  adXit 
of  the  Fallopian  tube  with  a 
>d  .  tion  at  the  fimbriated 
y  inflammation.     It  is  frequently 

-osarca  irea. 

ireocele  <7)  i,    water; 

hernia].  le  with  dropsy  of 

.  or  with  true  hydrocele, 
roscheocelc  water ;  bo \ 

umor].     Dropsical  hernia  of  the 

1 1  ■  tit,  body: 

In    biology,  th  double- 

permatocyst  [idup, 

j.     A    hydrocele 

s'raph 

A  sph; 

H  Hydrostatic 

of   li<|llid-  m  ;i 
I  rlh. 


ease   by  sweating  and  the   use  of  water  internally  or 
externally,  or  both. 

Hydrosulphuric  acid  [hi-dro-sul-fu'-rik).  See  Acid. 
•otheca  [hi-dro-the/-kah)  [vdup,  water;  "/,/•'/,  a 
case  :  pi.,  Hydrotheca\.  In  biology,  a  polyp-cell;  the 
cuticular  investment  of  a  hydroid  polyp,  forming  a 
cup  like  receptacle  allowing  the  protrusion  of  the 
distal  moiet)  of  the  polypite. 

Hydrotherapeutics  Qii-dro-ther-ap-u'-tiks)   [vdup,  wa- 
tei  .  .   to   heal].      That  part   of  balneology 

treating  of  the  hygienic  use  of  water,  and  of  its  thera- 
peutic application  to  the  body.  See, also, li,ith  and  .  Iqua. 

Hydrotherapy  ihi-dro-ther^-ap-e).  See  Hydrotherapeu- 
tics. 

Hydrothion  (hi-dro-thi'-ori)  [vdup,  water;  delov,  sul- 
phur],     I  [ydrogen  sulphid. 

Hydrothionammonemia     (hi-dro-thi-  on  -  am  -  o-nc' - 
.'/:)     \_i^uj),     water;    delov,    sulphur;     ammonia, 
ammonia;     a'ipn,    blood].      The    presence   of    hydro- 
sulphid  of  ammonium  in  the  blood. 

Hydrothionemia  {ki-dro-thi-on-e' '-me-ah)  [vdup,  water; 
i.   sulphur;    u'l/ia,  blood].     The  presence  of  hy- 
drogen  sulphid   in  the  blood ;   also,  the  train  of  mor 
bid  symptoms  resulting  therefrom. 

Hydrothionuria  (hi-dro-thi-on-u' -re-ah  i  [vdup,  water; 
;,    sulphur;  ovpov,  urine].      Hydrogen  sulphid   in 
the  urine. 

Hydrothoracic  [hi-dro-tho-ra' -sik)  [vdup,  water;  Bu 
thorax].      Pertaining  to  hydro  thorax. 

Hydrothorax   [hi-dro-tho' '-raks)   [i^up,   water;    Oupal;, 
chest].      A   non-inflammatory   dropsy   of  the    pleura, 
usually  involving  both    sacs.    H.    purulentus.    Syn 
onym  of  Empyema. 

Hydrotis  [hi-dro1 '-tis)  [vdup,  water ;  ovg,  ear].  Dropsy 
of,  or  effusion  into,  the  ear. 

Hydrotomy  [hi-drof '-o-me)  [vdup,  water;  Te/ivetv,  to 
cut].  A  method  of  dissecting  certain  tissues  by  the 
forcible  injection  of  water  into  the  arteries  and  capil- 
laries, whereby  the  structures  are  separated. 

Hydrotropism  [hi-drof '-ro-pizm)  [vdup,  water ;  rpdnoc, 
a  turn].  In  biology,  that  state  of  a  growing  plant  or 
organ  which  causes  it  to  turn  either  away  from,  or 
toward,  moisture. 

Hydrotympanum  [hi-dro-tim' -pan-uiri)  [vdup,  water; 
tympanum,  the  ear-drum].  Dropsical  effusion  into 
the  cavity  of  the  middle  ear. 

Hydrovarium  (hi-dro-va' '-re-um)  \_hdup,  water;  ova- 
rium, ovary].      Ovarian  dropsy,  or  cystoma. 

Hydroxid  (hi-droks'-id)  [vdup,  water;  bivc,  sharp]. 
A  metallic  or  basic  radicle  combined  with  one  or 
more  hydroxyl  groups.  Hydroxids  may  be  regarded 
as  funned  from  water  (HOH)  by  the  substitution  for 
one  of  its  hydrogen  atoms  of  a  metal  or  basic  radicle. 

Hydroxyl  [hi-droks/ -il)  [vdup,  water;  bl-vg,  sharp]. 
A  compound  radicle,  OH,  that  has  never  been  iso 
lated.  but  which  is  a  factor  in  avast  number  of  chemic 
Thus,  the  oxygen  bases  are  regarded  a> 
tnpounds  of  hydroxy]  with  electropositive  atoms  oi 
radicles,  e.g.,  -odium  hydroxid,  NaOH.  Water  may 
be  regarded  a>  hydroxyl  hydrid,  I  l<  >l  I . 

Hydroxylamin  [hi-droks-W '-am-in)  [vdup,  water ; 
sharp;  amin\.  A  basic  substance  (NOHs)  known 
only  in  solution  in  water  or  in  combination  with  acids. 
It  i-  prepared  by  passing  nitric-oxid  gas  through  a 
ntaining  nasi  enl  hydrogen.  The  aqueous 
lution  i-  colorless  and  odorless,  with  a  strong  alka- 
lim  n.     Hydroxylamin  hydrochlorid  is  recom- 

mended as  a  good    substitute  for  chrysarobin   in    the 
treatment  of  skin -diseases. 

Hydrozobn  [hi-dro-zof -on\  [vdup,  water;  $<pov,  an  ani- 
mal], A  cnidarian  of  the  sub-class  Hydrozoa,  contain- 
ing the  order-  Hydridce,  Hydromedusce,  Siphonophora. 


HYDRUKF.SIS 


-,.-? 


HVMr.NMMAI.Af   I A 


Hydruresis  (hi-dru-re' '-sis')  [ydup,  water ;  obpijaig,  ovpov, 
urine].  The  passage  of  a  relatively  large  proportion 
of  water  in  the  urine. 

Hydruria   (Ai-dru/-re-ah)  [ydup,  water;  ovpov,  urine]. 

Excessive  excretion  of  water  by  the  kidneys,  with  nr 
without  decrease  in  the  amount  of  the  solid  constit- 
uents of  the  urine.  The  urine  is  pale,  limpid,  and  of 
low  specific  gravity.  The  amount  of  water  discharged 
in  the  twenty  four  hours  is  enormously  increased.  The 
condition  occurs  most  frequently  in  men,  usually 
under  twenty  years  of  age. 

Hydrurilic  Acid  [hi-dru-ril'-ik).     See  Acid. 

Hydrymenitis  [hi-dri-men-V -tis\  [ydup,  water;  vpifv, 
membrane;  irtr,  inflammation].  Any  inflammation 
of  a  serous  membrane  or  surface. 

Hygeia  [hi-je'-ah),  or  Hygieia  (hi-je-i'  -ah)  [vyleta, 
health].      The  state  or  condition  of  health. 

Hygiene  [hi'-je-iri)  [yyteivdg,  good  for  the  health]. 
The  science  that  treats  of  the  laws  of  health  in  its 
broadest  sense. 

Hygienic  [hi-je-en'-ik)  [< ,  .  good  for  the  health]. 

Pertaining  to  health,  or  its  maintenance.    H. Vinegar, 
a  vinegar  composed  of  oils  of  clove  and  lavender,  each 
4.0;   oil  of  marjoram,  2.0 ;  oil  of  benzoes,  5°-°  i   sl'n 
itus  vini,  500 ;   concentrated  acetic  acid,  iooo. 

Hygienist  [hi-je-en'-ist)  [yyieta,  health].  One  who  is 
a  student  of,  or  an  expert  in,  hygiene. 

Hygieology  [hi-je-ol' -o-je)  [iryieia,  health;  7-6}og,  rela- 
tion].     The  science  of  health  ;  hygiene. 

Hygrechema  (hi-grek-e' -mafi)  [yypdg,  moist;  vx'iua- 
sound:  //. ,  Hygrechemaia\.  The  peculiar  sound 
produced  by  a  liquid,  as  heard  upon  mediate  or  im- 
mediate auscultation. 

Hygrin  {hi' -gnu)  [yypdg,  moist  ;  from  its  liquid  form], 
C12H13N.  A  liquid,  oily  alkaloid,  derived  from  coca 
(a.  v).  It  has  the  power  cif  strongly  dilating  the  pupil, 
but  has  no  anesthetic  properties. 

Hygrinic  (hi-grin' -ik)  [vypdg,  moist].  Pertaining  to, 
or  composed  of,  hygrin.  H.  Ether,  a  substance  of 
uncertain  composition,  said  to  have  mydriatic  proper- 
ties.     Unof. 

Hygro-  (hi'-gro-)  [vypdg,  moist].  A  prefix  denoting 
moist  or  wet. 

Hygroblepharic    {hi-gro-blef'-ar-ik)    [vypdg,  moist; 
Itetpapov,  eyelid].      Serving  to  moisten  the  eyelid,  as 
a  hygroblepharic  duct. 

Hygrocele  (hi'-gro-se  I)  [irypdc,  moist ;  kt'/'/.i/,  a  tumor]. 
Same  as  IFvdrocele. 

Hygrodermia  (Jii-gro-der'-me-ah)  [<;/"»,  moist;  drpua, 
skin].  An  edematous  noninflammatory  skin-aftec- 
tion. 

Hygrology  (hi-groP-o-je)  [yypdg,  moist ;  7,6} or,  science]. 
The  science  of  the  fluids,  or  so-called  humors,  of  the 
body. 

Hygroma  (Jii-gro'-mah)  [yypdg,  moist;  oua,  tumor: 
pi. ,  Hygromata~\.     A  serous  bursa  or  cyst. 

Hygromatous  [hi-groJ -mat-us)  [_i>yp6g,  moist;  bfia, 
tumor].     Pertaining  to,  or  characterized  by,  a  hygroma. 

Hygrometer    (ki-grom'-et-er)    [irypdg,   moist: 

measure].  An  instrument  for  determining  quantita- 
tively the  amount  of  moisture  in  the  air.  This  amount, 
constantly  varying,  is  expressed  in  terms  of  the  per- 
centage required  to  saturate  the  air  at  the  particular 
temperature  observed. 

Hygrometric  [hi-gro-meP -rik)  [vypdg,  moist;  fiirpov, 
measure].  1.  Pertaining  to  hygrometry,  or  the 
quantitative  determination  of  atmospheric  moisture. 
2.  Readily  absorbing  water,  as  a  hygrometric  salt  ; 
hygroscopic. 

Hygrometry  {ki-gromf '-et-re)  [irypdg,  moist ;  fierpov, 
measure] .     The  measurement  of  the  moisture  of  the  air. 

Hygrophanous   {ki-grof'-an-us)   [vypdg,  moist ;  <> 


show].      In   biology,  applied    to  such  plant-structures 
as  are  transparent  when  wet,  but  opaque  when  dry. 

Hygrophila  [hi-grof'-il-nh)  [yypdg,  moist ;  <■■■/'><_■.  lov- 
'""]■  A  genus  of  dicotyledonous  gamopetalous  plants. 
H.  spinosa,  is  a  shrub  used  in  Ceylon  and  India  as 
a  diuretic  in  dropsy.      I  nof. 

Hygrophobia   [hi  '-be-ah)   [vypdg,    moist;   ^djiog, 

fear].      Insane  dislike  of  water  or  of  moisture. 

Hygroplasm,  or  Hygroplasma  [hi' ' -gro-plazm or hi 
plaz'-mah)  [yypdg,  moist ;   w'AAafia,  anything  form< 
In  biology,  the  fluid  part  of  protoplasm  (Nageli).     I  t. 
Stereoplasma. 

Hygroscope  (hi' ' -gro-skop)  [irypdg,  moist  ;  0  ~  Iv,  to 
inspect].  An  instrument  that  indicates  variations  in 
the  moisture  of  the  air. 

Hygroscopic  (hi-gro-skop'-ik)   [yypdg,  moist  ;   tncai 
to  see].      Having  the  property  of  absorbing  ::v.i=ture 
from  the  air. 

Hygroscopy  (hi-gros'-ho-pe)  [vypdg,  moist ;  m 
view].      Same  as  Hygrometry. 

Hylogenesis  (hi-Io-jen'-es-.is)  [i/>t,  matter;  yeveaig, 
formation].     The  formation  of  matter. 

Hylogeny  ihi-laj'-en-e).     Same  as  Hylogenesis. 

Hylopathism    [hi-lopr -ath-izm)    [i-'/j/,    matter;    m 
disease].      Any   disease   arising  from   defect  or  disor- 
der of  the  body-substance. 

Hylophagous   (hi-loff'-ag-us)    [v'/.tj,  wood;    tpayeh 
eat].      In  biology,  applied  to  certain  animals  that  feed 
upon  wood. 

Hymen  (hi'-men)  [yp.fp>,  membrane].  The  fold  of 
mucous  membrane  at  the  vaginal  entrance.  H.,  Im- 
perforate, a  congenital  abnormality,  the  hymen  not 
having  an  opening,  and  thus  closing  the  vaginal  outlet 
or  inlet.  H.,  Forms  of:  I.  Bifenestrate,  or hymen 
biforis,  with  two  openings.  2.  Bilobate,  with  two 
lobes.  3.  Circular,  with  a  small  foramen.  4. 
Cribriform,  with  many  holes.  5.  Denticular,  with 
a  serrate  edge.  6.  Double  (rare).  7.  fimbriate, 
with  fringed  edges.  8.  Horseshoe,  with  its  convexity 
downward.  9.  Imperforate.  10.  Normal.  11. 
Semilunar,  same  as  IO,  or  normal.  12.  Hymen 
septus,  divided  across  by  a  slit.  1 3.  Hymen  sul>- 
septus,  covering  only  the  anterior  and  posterior  portions 
of  the  passage. 

Hymenal  (hi-mc'-ual)  [vpj/v,  membrane].  Pertaining 
to  the  hymen.  H.  Tubercles.  See  Myrtiform  Car- 
uncles. 

Hymenea  (hi-men-ef-ah)  [ypiyv,  membrane].  A  ge- 
nus of  leguminous  trees.  H.  courbaril,  locust-tree, 
indigenous  to  tropical  America;  is  a  good  arterial 
sedative  and  astringent  in  hemoptysis,  hematuria, 
dysentery,  etc.  Dose  of  the  fluid  extract  gtt.  x-xx. 
This  tree  and  others  of  the  genus  afford  copal  and 
anime.      Unof. 

Hymeniferous  [ki-men-if -er-us)  [vpfyv,  membrane; 
ferre,  to  bear].     In  biology,  having  a  hymenium. 

Hymenitis  {hi-men-i' -tis)  [yprp>,  membrane;  trie,  in- 
flammation]. Inflammation  of  the  hymen,  or  of  any 
membranous  structure. 

Hymenium    [hi-me> -ne-um)    [ifieviov,  dim.   of  /// 
membrane:  //.,    Hymenia'].      In  biology,   the    spore- 
bearing  surface  in  fungi. 

Hymenocallis    [hi-men-o-kal' '-is)    [yfir/v,    membrane]. 
A  genus  of  amaryllidaceous  plants.      H.  rotata,  gi 
in  the  southern  U.  S.      This  and  other  specie-  afford 
bulbs  that  may  be  substituted  for  squill.      Unof. 

Hymenography  (hi-meti-og'-ra-fe)   [yfiip>,  membrane; 
isiv,  to  write].     Same  as  Hymenot 

Hymenology  [hi-men-oP-o-je]  [vpryv,  membrane  ;  ?.6yog, 
science].  The  science  of  the  nature,  structure,  func- 
tions, and  diseases  of  membranous  tissue. 

Hymenomalacia   \hi-vien-o-mal-a'-se-ah)  [1  m/v,  mem- 


H\  V!  \ 


HYPERA]  '.1  SI< 


etea 

havin 

musl 


H 


rane  ; 
laving 

hymen  ; 
te,  of  the 

itions 


.    membra 

l  of  the  hj  men. 

\    i  refix    denoting 
a  uli  the  hyoid  bon 
,  hyoid  ; 
o  the  hyoid  Itone  and 

hyoid  :    ;  "Kuaaa, 
■  the  hj  Extending 

.   Table  of. 
ir  to  the  i  rreek    letter 
■  f    the    Greek    letter 
H.  Bone.  —en  the  root 

irynx,  supporting  the  tongue 
See   Boius, 
H.  Fossa.     See  / 
ron  See  mal. 

.    lenbane],  ',-11    N03. 
und    in    henbane ;    it    is   a   good 
mydriatic.     Dose,  T$0  to 
i  . 

:  in)     [two  .    henbane], 

■  urring   in  the  seeds  of 

■■•</,  and  in  Datu- 

meric    with    atropin,    and 

th   daturin   and  duboisin.     It  crystallizes 

it  108.50  C.     It  is  a 

dative.     Dose,   gr.     ,      . 

to   I  grain. 

["'.  hog  :  ,  bean]. 

of  //.  niger.     It  contains 

ith  and  similai  I  1 

1    NOj.      It 

.   ind  hypnotic,  less 

lium,  and  i-,  use- 

amin 

rful 

H..  Abstract. 

H.t  Exi  H., 

Alcohol,  th).      1  >ose  gr.  j. 

xt  •  Fld  '  H.,  Succus  (B.  P.) 

H  .  Tinct.. 

Hyoscyamin. 


■     illy, 

Injectio  hyos- 
micae.  1 

hydrobrom. 

I      •  ctio    hyoscin.    hydrobromat.  hypo- 
d< 

. 


1.    Relating    to    the    hyoid   bone  and  the 

num.      2.    In  biology,  the  second  lateral  piece  of 

the  plastron  of  a  turtle;    it  is  also  called  Hyoplastron. 

Hyp  .    under].      A    popular  name   for  hypo- 

sistent  depression  of  spirits ;   hypo. 

Hvpacousis,  Hypacusia,  Hypacusis,  or  Hypakusis 

[imd,      under;       Sucovocg,     hearing]. 

Hardness  of  hearing  from  defect  of  the  auditory  nerve. 

Hypaesthesia  {Jiip-es-the/ -ze-ah).     See  Hypesthesia. 

Hypalbuminosis    {hip-al-bu-min-o'-sis)    [vir6,    under; 

umen\.      Morbid   diminution    in    the  proportion  of 

albumin  in  the  blood.      It  is  caused  by  anything  that 

gives  rise  t<>  an  increased  consumption  of  albumin  on 

the-  part  of  the  organism. 

Hypalgesia  [hip-al-je' '-ze-ah)  \yir6,  under;  akyr/air, 
painfulness] .     I  Uminished  sensitiveness  to  pain. 

Hypalgia  (hip-al' '-je-ah)  \vk6,  under;  u'/yoc,  pain]. 
Slight  or  moderate  pain  ;  diminished  sensibility  to  pain. 

Hypalgic  [hip-al' '-jik)  [t'Tro,  under  ;  h'/yoc,  pain]. 
Slightly  painful  ;   experiencing  >light  pain. 

Hypanisognathism  [hip-an-is  og' '-nath-izm)  [l~6,  un- 
der;  aviaog,  unequal,  uneven;  yvaBog,  the  jaw].  In 
biology,  a  lack  of  correspondence  between  the  teeth 
of  the  opposite  jaws.  Cf.  Anisognathism  and 
Epanisognathism. 

Hypanisognathous  \hip-a>i-is-og'-na-thus)  \jm6,  un- 
der; avictor,  unequal,  uneven;  yvadoq,  the  jaw].  In 
biology,  having  the  upper  teeth  broader  than  the  lower. 

Hypanthium  {hip-anf -the-um)  \_bno,  under;  avdog,  a 
flower:  />/. ,  Hypanthia~\.  In  biology,  an  enlarged 
receptacle. 

Hypanthodium  {hip-an-tho'  -de-um  \_bn6f  under  ;  av- 
,  a  flower;   eldoi  ,  form].     See  Synconium. 

Hypapophysis  (hip-ap-off' -is-is)  [bird,  under;  anoty- 
[uff<c,  apophysis  :  //. ,  Hypapophyses\  An  anterior 
or  ventral  apophysis  from  the  centrum  of  a  vertebra  in 
the  human  skeleton ;  the  atlas  is  held  by  some  to  have 
an  hypophysis,  which  is  blended  with  the  ring  of  that 
vertebra. 

Hypapoplexia  (hip-ap-o-pleks'  -e-ah)  \yit6,  under  :  enru- 
-'//,-; 'm,  apoplexy].      A  slight  apoplexy. 

Hypatonia  (hip-at-o'-ne-aJi)  [vird,  under;  arovia,  at- 
ony].     A  slight  amount  of  atony. 

Hypemia  (hip-e'-me-ah).     See  Hyphemia. 

Hyper-  (hif-per-)  [iirip,  above].  A  Greek  prefix  sig- 
nifying above,  beyond,  or  excessive. 

Hyperacidity  [hi-per-as-idf -it-e)  \_virkp,  over;  acidum, 
acid].      Excess  of  acidity. 

Hyperacousis,  Hyperacusia,  Hyperacusis,  or  Hy- 
perakusis  [hi-per-ak-u'-sis,  hi-per-ak-ti' -ze-ah)  \yirip, 
over;  ukovoic,  hearing].  Morbid  acuteness  of  the 
sense  of  hearing;  auditory  hyperesthesia.  Also,  a 
highly  developed  capability  of  the  discernment  of  pitch 
and  timbre  of  musical  sounds. 

Hyperactivity  (hi-per-ak-tiv' -it-e)  \jmkp,  over  ;  agere, 
lo].      Excessive  or  abnormal  activity. 

Hyperadenosis  (hi-per- ad-en- o> -sis)  \ywkp,  over;  ddf/v, 
gland;  v6ooq, disease].  Enlargement  of  the  lymph- 
gland-,  ;    I  lodgkin's  disease. 

Hyperaemia  {Jii-per-e-me-aK).     See  Hyperemia. 

Hyperaesthesia  [hi-per-es-thef -ze-ah).  See  Hyperesthe- 
sia. 

Hyperakusis  (hi-per-ak-u' '-sis).     See  Hyperacousis. 

Hyperalbuminosis       [hi-per-al-bu  min-t/sis)     [virip, 

1;  albumen,  albumin].     An  increase  in  the  amount 

of  albumin  in  the  blood,  which  maybe  either  relative 

or  absolute.      It  is  often  due  to  the  excessive  ingestion 

ilbuminous  food,  with  insufficient  exercise. 

Hyperalgesia  (hi-per-al-je* -ze-ah)   \imkpt   over;    «/;.//- 

pain].      I  ccessive  sensibility  to  pain. 
Hyperalgesic   [hi-per-al-je' -zik)   [virip,  over;  iXyr/aiQ, 
pain].      Exhibiting  or  appertaining  to  hyperalgesia. 


IIYPERALGIA 


.-,-!) 


HYPERERYTHROCYTHEMIA 


Hyperalgia  ( hi-per-aV -je-ah)    [vnip,     over;     a/.yr/aig, 

pain].      Excessive   pain.      H.,   Acoustic,    excessive 

hyperakusis. 
Hyperalonemia  {ki-per-al-on-ef-me-aK\     [vnip,   over; 

aAc,  salt;  aifia,  blood].     Excess  of  blood-salts. 
Hyperamnesia    [hi-per-am-ne,-ze-ah).      See    Hypertn- 

nesia. 
Hyperanabolism    [ki-per-an-ab'-o-lizm)    [vnip,    over; 

cirn  vi'/'/nr,  to  build  up].      Hypertrophy  or  excess  of 

construction  of  a  tissue  or  part. 
Hyperanthraxis    [hi-per-an-thraks'-is).     Synonym  of 

.  i static  Cholera. 
Hyperaphia  {hi-per-a* -fe-ah)  [/-//),  over;  axpq,  touch]. 

Excessive  sensitiveness  to  touch. 
Hyperaphrodisia  (hi-per-af-ro-diz'-e-ah)   [vnip,  over; 

a(ppodiaia,  aphrodisia].      An  over-strong  venereal   ap- 
petite. 
Hyperapophyseal    {hi-per-ap-o-fiz'-e-al)    [h~ip,   over; 

an6<pvoig,  apophysis].     Pertaining  to  a  hyperapophy- 

sis. 
Hyperapophysis  (hi-per-ap-off'-is-is)  [err/p,  over ;  ano- 

orwvc,   apophysis].       A  process   projecting   backward 

from  a  neural  spine. 
Hyperarthritis  {ki-per-arth-rif -tis)  [vnip,  over;  apdpov, 

joint;  trig,  inflammation].     Severe  arthritis. 
Hyperasthenia     [hi-per-as-the* '-ne-ah)     [vnip,     over; 

aatiiveia,  weakness].      Extreme  weakness. 
Hyperauxesis  {hi-per-awks-ef-sis)  [virip,  over;  avt-r/mr, 

increase].      Extreme  increase  in  the  size  of  a  part. 
Hyperbolic    [hi-per-bol' '-ik)    [vnip,   over;   jia/.'/.eiv,    to 

throw].      Exaggerated. 
Hyperbrachycephalic  {hi-per-brak-e-sef-al'-ik)   [i  —  p, 

over;    ;ipa\-ir,    short;     ncya/i/,    head].        Extremely 

brachycephalic. 
Hyperbrachycephaly     {hi-pcr-brak-e-sef'-al-e)    [vnip, 

over;  fipaxii,  short ;  «to«//},  head].     Extreme  brachy- 

cephalv. 
Hyperbulia  {ki-per-bu'-le-ak)  [inip,  over  ;  (iauTdj,  will]. 

Exaggerated  wilfulness  or  obstinacy;   abnormal  or  in- 
sane development  of  will-power. 
Hypercardia   {Jii per-kar' -de-ah)    [vnip,  over;   KapSia, 

the  heart].      Cardiac  hypertrophy. 
Hypercatabolism  [hi-per-kat-ab' '-o-lizm)   [vnip,  over ; 

Kara,  down  ;  Aa/'/uv,  to  throw].      Wasting  or  excess 

of  destruction  of  a  tissue  or  part. 
Hypercatharsis  [hi-per-kath-ar'  -sis)  [vnip,  over ;  nafiap- 

crig,  cleansing].      Excessive  purging,  or  the  result  of 

too  free  use  of  cathartic  medicines. 
Hypercedemonia  [ki-per-se -de-mo' -ne-aX)  [inip,  over; 

Kf/rieuovia,  anxiety].     I.    Extreme  anxiety  or  grief.     2. 

Excessive  care  on  the  part  of  the  physician. 
Hypercele  (lu'-per-sel)  [vnip,  over;  not/da,  belly].  The 

dorsal  portion  of  the  epicele. 
Hypercenosis   (hi-per-sen-o'-sis)  [vnip,  over ;    kevugiq, 

evacuation].     Excessive  evacuation,  as  by  purging  or 

bleeding. 
Hyperchlorhydria  [hi-per-klor-lii' -dre-ah)  [vnip,  over; 

XA  upog,  green ;   Mup,   water;   yrwav,  to  form].      Ex- 
cess of  hydrochloric    acid     in    the    gastric    secretioji. 

Rossbach's  Disease.   See  Diseases,  Eponymic,  Table  of. 
Hypercholesteremia  (hi-per-ko-les-ter-e' '-me-ah)  [i 

over;   yi///,  bile  ;    oriap,  fat;   a)/ia,  blood].      Excess 

of  cholesterin  in  the  blood. 
Hypercholia  [hi-per-ko' -le-ah)  [vnip,  over;  x°'f-V,  bile]. 

An  excessive  secretion  of  bile. 
Hyperchroma  [hi-per-kro* '-mah)   [vnip,  over;    r^w//</, 

color].    The  excessive  formation  of  the  pigment  of  the 

skin,  as  in  phthiriasis  or  syphilis. 
Hyperchromatemia    {hi-per-kro-mat-ef -me-ah)   [i  -  p, 

over;  xpuua,  color;  atua,  blood].    An  increase  in  the 

color   of  the  blood  ;    excess  of  coloring-matter  in  the 

blood. 


Hyperchromatic  (ki-per-kro-mal'-ik)  [vnip,  over; 
{papa,  color].      Exhibiting   hyperchroma. 

Hyperchromatism  [hi-per-kro'-mat-izm).  Same  as 
Hyperchroma. 

Hyperchromatosis  [hi-per-kro-wat-o' '-sis)  [i-ip,  over; 
Xpupa,  color].    Excessive  pigmentation,  as  of  the  skin. 

Hypercinesia  [hi-per-sin-ef-ze-a/i).      See   Hyperkinesia. 

Hypercrinia  (hipcr-krin'-e-ak)  [inip,  over ;  Kpiveiv,  to 
separate].      Abnormal  or  excessive  secretion. 

Hypercyesis  [hi  per-si-e'-sis)  [vnip,  over;  Kir/atg,  con- 
ception].    Superfetation. 

Hypercyrtosis  ylu-p.r-sir-to' -sis)  [i-ip,  over;  Kvpruoig, 
curvature].  Extreme  curvature,  as  of  the  back  or  a 
limb. 

Hyperdactylia      [hi-per-dak-tiP -e-ah)  trip,     over; 

AaKTv'/og,  finger].      Polydactylism. 

Hyperdermatosis  [ki-per-der-mat-o' -sis)  [yirip,  over; 
dippa,  skin].      Hypertrophy  of  the  skin. 

Hyperdicrotic  (hi-per-di-krof '-ik)  [vnip,  over ;  8'iKp 
a  double  beat].      Affected   with    marked    or    delayed 
dicrotism  ;    pertaining  to   the   pulse  when  the   pulse- 
curve  shows  the  aortic  notch  below  the  base-line. 

Hyperdicrotism  [hi-per-dik' '-rot-izm)  [vnip,  over; 
dinporog,  a  double  beat].  Strongly  marked  or  exces- 
sive dicrotism. 

Hyperdistention  {ki-per-dis-ten'-shuri)  [vnip,  over ; 
dis tender e,  to  stretch].     Forcible  or  extreme  distention. 

Hyperdiuresis(///-A r-di-u-re' -sis)\yni  o,  over;  dtovpieii . 
to  pass  urine].      Excessive  secretion  of  urine. 

Hyperdynamia  [hi-per-di-natn' '-e-ah)  [vnip,  over ; 
di  vapig,  energy].  Excessive  strength  or  exaggeration 
of  nervous  or  muscular  function. 

Hyperdynamic  (hi-per-di-nani'  -ik)  [vnip,over',  Si  vapig, 
energy].    Pertaining  to,  or  marked  by,  hyperdynamia. 

Hypereccrisia  [ki-per-ek-kris'-e-ah)  [vnip,  over;  e/c, 
out;  Kpiveiv,  to  separate].      Excessive  excretion. 

Hyperechema  (hi-per-ek-e' '-mak)  [yirip,  over  ;  ijx^ua, 
sound :  //.,  Hyperechemata~\.  A  normal  sound  ab- 
normally exaggerated. 

Hyperechesis  [hi-per-ek-e' '-sis)  [vnip,  over;  T/xw<Jtg, 
sound].      Abnormal  loudness  of  voice. 

Hyperemesis  (ki-per-em/-es-is)  [vnip,  over;  hirestc, 
vomiting].  Excessive  vomiting.  H.  gravidarum. 
See  Morning  Sickness. 

Hyperemetic  (hi-per-em-et'-ik)  [vnip,  over;  euectc, 
vomiting].  Pertaining  to,  or  characterized  by,  ex- 
cessive vomiting. 

Hyperemia  (hi-per-e'-me  ah)  [inip,  over;  ama,  blood]. 
A  condition  of  plethora  or  congestion.  H..  Active, 
caused  by  an  excessive  supply  of  blood.  H.,  Pas- 
sive, caused  by  an  impediment  to  the  removal  of  the 
blood.  H.  of  the  Dental  Pulp,  a  condition  due 
to  the  overfilling  of  the  vessels  of  the  pulp  with  blood, 
the  resulting  pain  being  sharp  and  lancinating,  and 
paroxysmal  in  character,  especially  in  its  earlier  stages. 

Hyperencephalus  [hi-per-en-sef '-al-us)  [vnip,  over; 
i ';  nion/ng,  brain].  A  variety  of  single  autositic  mon- 
sters of  the  species  exencephalus,  in  which  there  is 
the  same  deformity  as  in  podencephalus.  but  in  a 
higher  degree.  There  is  often  hydrocephalus,  and 
the  body  is  likely  to  be  deformed  in  other  regions. 

Hyperenterosis  [ki-per-en-ter-o1 '-sis)  [virip,  over; 
ivTepov,  bowel].      Hypertrophy  of  the  intestines. 

Hyperephidrosis  [hi-per-ef-hid-ro' -sis)  [virip,  over; 
ioiApuatg,  perspiration].  Excessive  or  long-continued 
sweating. 

Hypererethisia,  or  Hypererethism  (hi-per-er-eth-iz'- 
e-ak,  or  hi-per-er/-eth-izm)  [i  -i,>,  over;  ipedtoiioc,  irri- 
tation].     Excessive  nervous  or  mental  irritability. 

Hyper erythrocyth em ia  [hi-per-er-ith-ro-si-the' '-me-ah  \ 
[vnip,  over;  .   red;   Kvrog,  cell ;  atpa,  blood]. 

Excess  of  red  corpuscles  in  the  blood. 


>phona 

1 

> 


HY! 


HYPERODON fOGENY 


Sam 


■ 


i 


H 


H 


H 


H 


H- 


H- 


II]       P< 


•  i  the  in- 

roduction 
g  ua. 

u'-se-ah)    [vr 

:  -le. 

\n  abnormal 
■   rythrocy- 

i  ;   ;  >  ''- 
;ar  in  the 

.cogenia  "    '.  over; 

|.       He  ssive 

Hypendrosis  l-ro'-si 

.sweat] 

eat- 
It   may  be 

crhydremia 

!    water  in  the 


H 

II- 
H 


H 


tic 


ind  sleep. 

of  plant-, 
H. 

1 

nic-, 

-   -  nof. 

■•  ity. 

■:.  i  iHdh) 

-     I  ■ 

lerino 


H 


>i  in 


Hyperisotom..  r-i-so-t</-ne-ah)  [vrrkp,  over;  laog, 

,tone].  Unusual  equality  of  tone  or  ten- 
sion ;   applied  to  muscles. 

Hyperkeratosis  {hi-per-ker-at-o'-sis)  [i -q>, over;  K&pag, 
horn,  cornea].  Hypertrophy  of  the  cornea  either  in 
extent  or  thickm 

Hyperkinesia  [hi-per-kin-e' -ti  ah)  [inrip,  over ;  Klvt/oig, 
ene,  i.    Any   exaggerated    spasm   or   muscular 

contraction.     2.    Excessive  irritability.     3.   Impulsive 

insanity. 
Hyperkinesis   {hi-per-kin-e' 'sis)    [vnip,  over;    Klvr/atg, 
energy].      I.    See    Hyperkinesia.      2.    A   disease    or 
diseased  condition  marked  by  hyperkinesia. 

Hyperkinetic  [hi-per-kin-e^ -ik)  [ynip,  over;  irin/mr, 
energy].      Pertaining  to,  or  marked  by,  hyperkinesia. 

Hyperlactation  (hi-per-lak-ta' -shun)  [imip,  over;  lac- 
■  give  milk].  Prolongation  of  lactation  beyond 
the  ninth  month.  It  persisted  in,  it  produces  an  ex- 
hausted physical  condition  of  the  mother  known  as 
utealis.  This  condition  is  marked  by  anemia, 
with  cramp-like  pains  of  the  upper  extremities  when 
the  child  is  put  to  tin-  breast. 

Hyperleukocythemia(///-/(7'-/w-/'()-5/-///(/-w<'-r7//)[t,7rfyj, 
over;  "KeuK6q,  white ;  Kvrog,  cell ;  alfia,  blood].  Ex- 
cess in  the  proportion  of  white  cells  in  the  blood ; 
leukocythemia. 

Hyperle'ukontemia  [ki-per-lu-kon-te' -me-ah)  [<  trip, 
over;  7uevk6v,  albumin;  alfia,  blood].  Increase  in 
tin-  albuminous  elements  of  the  blood. 

Hyperlipemia  {Jii-per-lip-e' -me-ah)  [bnep 


blood].      Excess    of    fat    in 


over 
the 


;    /i77in\ 
blood  ; 


fat  ;     a/fia, 
lipemia. 

Hyperlithuria  [hi-per-lith-u' '-re-ah)  \yirkp,  over  ;   > 
stone;    ovpov,   urine].      Excess  of   lithic   acid   in  the 
urine.      Same  as  Lithuria. 
Hyperlogia     [hi-per-lo'-je-ah)  [iirip,    over;     /«,<"• 

speech].      Excessive  or  maniacal  loquacity. 
Hyperlymphia  [hi-per-limf '-e-ah)  [vftep,  over;  lymplia, 
water].      An  increase  in  the  amount  of  lymph  in  the 
body. 
Hypermastia  {hi-per-masf-te-ah)   \yxkp,  over;   uaar6g, 
breast].      Excessive    development    or  hypertrophy   of 
the  mammary  gland, which  remains  normal  in  structure. 
Hypermetamorphosis  (hi-per-met-am-or-fo' -sis)  \yntp, 
over;    fierafi6p<t>G>0ig,  a  transformation].      In   biology, 
applied  to  insects  that  undergo  transformation  more 
completely  or  having  more  stages  than  ordinary. 
Hypermetropia    (hi-per-metro'-pe-ah).     Satin-  as   Ily 

ina,  q.  v. 
Hypermetropic  (hi-per-me-trop' '-ik)  [virep, over;  uerpov, 
measure;   uf,  eye].      Affected  with,  or  pertaining  to, 
hypermetropia.      H.  Disc.     See  D 
Hypermnesia,  or  Hypermnesis  (hi-perm-ne'-ze-ah,  or 
hi-perm-ne' '-si  \  \yTrep,  over ;  tivfjotg,  memory].  Abnoi 
mal  exaltation  of  the  power  of  memory. 
Hypermotility  [hi-per  mo  til'  it  e)  [virkp,  over;  motilis, 
motile].      Excessive  action.     H.,  Gastric,  excessive 
LCtion  ol    the    gastric    walls,  often    accom 
tied  with  hyperaciditj  due  to  increased  secretion  ot 
1I< 
Hypernervia  (hi-per-ner1 '-ve-ah).     See  Hyperneuria. 
Hyperneuria    [hi-per-nu' '-re-ah)    \imip,   over;    vevpov, 

e].      Excessive  nerve-action. 
Hypernidation    \hiper-nid-af-shun).     See  Supernida- 

Hypernea     [hi-per-ne' -ah)     or     Hypernoia     [hi-per- 

noi'-ah)    [yirkp,  over;    voieiv,  to  think].     Excessive 

or  abnormal   mental    activity;    also,  the  uncontrolled 

1  tivit)  ot   the  imagination  in  some 

insanity. 

Hyperodontogeny  (hi-pei      d  n  toj'  en-e)  [imip,  over; 

.  to  beget].      The  phenomenon  of 


HYPEROITIS 


591 


HYPERTROPHY 


a  third  dentition  late  in  life.  It  is  supposed  to  be  due 
to  the  development  of  one  or  more  superfluous  tooth- 
germs  that  have  remained  dormant. 

Hyperoi'tis  (hi-per-o-i'-tis)  [vnepua,  palate;  irtr,  in- 
flammation].     Inflammation  of  the  palate. 

Hyperonychia  [hi-per-o-nik1 '-e-ati)   [yirip,  over;   •< 
nail].     Hypertrophy  of  the  nails. 

Hyperope  (hi'-per-op)  [imip,  over;  £>ip,  sight].  One 
who  is  affected  with  hyperopia. 

Hyperopia  (hi-per-o1 '-pe-ah)  [tW/>,  over;  w^,  sight]. 
That  condition  of  the  refractive  media  of  the  eye  in 
which,  with  suspended  accommodation,  the  focus  of 
parallel  rays  of  light  is  behind  the  retina  ;  it  is  due  to 
an  abnormally  short  antero-posterior  diameter  of  the 
eye,  or  to  a  subnormal  refractive  power  of  its  media. 
H.,  Absolute,  that  which  cannot  be  corrected  com- 
pletely by  accommodation,  so  that  there  is  indistinct 
vision  even  for  distance.  H.,  Axial,  that  due  to  ab- 
normal shortness  of  the  antero-posterior  diameter  of 
the  eye,  the  refractive  power  being  normal.  H., 
Facultative,  that  which  may  be  corrected  by  the 
accommodation,  so  that  there  is  distinct  vision  at  a 
distance.  H.,  Latent,  that  part  of  the  total  that  can- 
not be  overcome  by  the  accommodation,  or  the  differ- 
ence between  the  manifest  and  the  total  hyperopia.  H ., 
Manifest,  that  which  the  accommodation  can  over- 
come, or  that  corrigible  by  a  convex  glass  aided  by 
the  accommodation.  H.,  Relative,  a  high  hyperopia 
in  which  distinct  vision  is  possible  only  when  excessive 
convergence  is  made.  H.,  Total,  the  entire  hyperopia, 
both  latent  and  manifest. 

Hyperorthognathy  [hi-per-or-thog' -na-the)  [virip,  over; 
bp66g,  straight ;  yvadog,  the  jaw].  Excessive  orthog- 
nathy ;  the  condition  of  having  a  cranial  index  greater 
than  91°. 

Hyperosmia  (hi-per-oz/-me-ah)  [inrip,  over;  bcuij, 
smell].  An  abnormal  or  morbidly  acute  sense  of 
smell ;  also,  the  presence  of  olfactory  illusions. 

Hyperosphresis  (ki-per-os-fre'-sis)  [t'~fp,  over  ;  bayprj- 
oig,  the  power  of  smelling].  Exaggeration  of  the 
sense  of  smell. 

Hyperostosis  {hi-per-os-to'-sis)  [yrcep,  over ;  bareor, 
bone].    Exostosis  or  general  hypertrophy  of  bony  tissue. 

Hyperparasite  {hi-per-par'-as-it)  \ywkp,  over ;  Tvapn- 
cirog,  parasite].  In  biology,  a  parasite  including  in 
itself  another  parasite. 

Hyperparasitism  (hi-per-parf -as-lt-izni)  \j-kp,  over; 
lrap&airog,  parasite].  The  infestation  of  parasites  by 
other  parasites. 

Hyperpepsia  {hi-per-pepr-se-ah).\yKi.p,  over;  Tvetptg,  di- 
gestion]. Hayem's  term  for  a  form  of  dyspepsia 
characterized  by  an  excess  of  chlorids  in  the  gastric 
juice,  without  an  excess  of  free  hydrochloric  acid. 

Hyperphagia  (hi-per-fa'-je-ah)  [yirip,  over;  (paysiv,  to 
eat].      Excess  in  eating.      See  Bulimia. 

Hyperphasia  [hi-per-faf -se-ah)  [virep,  over;  Qaacg, 
saying].  Hyperlogia  ;  insane  volubility;  lack  of  con- 
trol over  the  organs  of  speech. 

Hyperphoria  [hi-per-fo'-re-ah).     See  Heterophoria. 

Hyperphrasia  {hi-per-fraf-ze-ah)  [bnep,  over;  (ppdaig, 
utterance].  The  incoherent  and  exaggerated  utter- 
ance of  an  insane  person. 

Hyperphrenia  {hi-per-fre* '-ne-ah)  [iirkp,  over;  <f>pqv, 
mind].     Passionate  mental  exaltation  of  the  insane. 

Hyperphysemia  {hi-per-fi-  ze'-mi  '-ah)  [/-'/>,  over;  - 
air;    ai/ia,  blood].      Excess  of  gases   in  the  blood,  or 
the  abnormal  conditions  associated  with  such  excess. 

Hyperplasia  {hi-per-pla* -ze-ah)  [yirkp,  over;  -'/iiair, 
moulding].  The  excessive  deposit  or  augmentation 
of  the  elements  of  the  tissue  composing  an  organ. 

Hyperplastic  (hi-per-plas'-tih)  [ywzp,  over;  irfatorucSg, 
fit  for  moulding].      Pertaining  to  hyperplasia. 


Hyperplerosis  (hi-per-p/e-rtZ-sis)  ['-'/>,  over;  irXi/puoig, 

fulness].      Excessive  repletion  or  fulness. 
Hyperplexia    {hi-per-pleks' -e-ah)    [ynkp,  over;    -> 

stroke].      I.  Ecstacy.      2.   Melancholia  with  stupor. 
Hyperpnea,  or  Hyperpnoia  {hi-per-pne'-ah,  or  hi-per- 

pnoi'-ah)   \_vnq>,  over;    izvbr/,    breath].       Panting    or 
labored  respiration  ;    dyspnea.  * 

Hyperporosis  [hi-per-po-ro' -sis)  [irrrkp,  over;  nupumg, 
cementing  or  uniting].  An  excessive  formation  of 
callus  in  the  reunion  of  fractured  bones. 

Hyperpraxia  {ki-per-praks' -e-ak)  [yir&p,  over ;  KpaSig, 
exercise].  The  excessive  restlessness  of  movement 
characterizing  certain  forms  of  mania. 

Hyperpresbyopia  (hiper-pres-be-o'-pe-a/i)  [virip,  over; 
irpkojivg,  old ;  £nf>,  eye].     Excessive  presbyopia.     Obs. 

Hyperpselaphesia  {hi-per-sel-af-e' -ze-ah)  [vnkp,  over; 
tyijAafqaig,  touch].  Abnormal  increase  of  tactile  sen- 
sibility. 

Hyperpyretic  (hi-per-pi-ref-ik)  [virip, over ;  nip,  lire]. 
Pertaining  to  hyperpyrexia. 

Hyperpyrexia  [hi-per-pi-reks1 -e-ah)  [virep,  over;  nvp, 
fire;  hxetvi  to  have].  A  condition  marked  by  exces- 
sively high  temperature  or  aggravated  febrile  symptoms. 

Hypersarcoma,  or  Hypersarcosis  \ki-per-sar-ko/-ma, 
or  Iii-per-sar-ko'-sis)  [inrkp,  over  ;  sap!;,  flesh  ;  baa,  a 
tumor].  I.  Excessive  granulation,  fungosity,  or  proud- 
flesh.      2.   Obesity ;   hypertrophy. 

Hypersecretion  (hi-per-se-krP -shun)  [ynkp,  over;  se- 
cretio,  a  secreting].      Excessive  secretion. 

Hypersomnia  [hi-per-som/ -ne-ah)  [virep,  over ;  som- 
>ius,  sleep].      Excessive  sleep. 

Hyperspasmia  [hi-per-spaz'-me-ah).  Synonym  of  Con- 
vulsions. 

Hypersplenia  (hi '.-per-spW '-ne-aK).     See  Splenomegalia. 

Hypersthenia  \hi-per-sthenr -e-ah)  [virep,  over;  cdevog, 
strength].  A  condition  of  exalted  strength  or  tone 
of  the  body. 

Hypersthenic  (hiper-sthen'-ik)  [virep,  over;  adevog, 
strength].     Characterized  by  hypersthenia. 

Hypersystole  (Jii-per-sis'-to-le)  \yirip,  over ;  ovotoXt], 
systole].     An  excessively  strong  systole. 

Hyperthermia  [hi-per-ther* -me-ah)  [v^rep,  over;  ft 
heat] .      Excessive  elevation  of  temperature. 

Hyperthymia  (hi-per-thi'-me-ah)  \_i-ep,  over;  Ovfidg, 
mind].  I.  Mental  hyperesthesia;  morbid  over-sen- 
sitiveness. 2.  Vehement  cruelty  or  foolhardiness  as 
a  symptom  of  mental  disease.     3.    Moral  insanity. 

Hypertonia  (ki-per-to' -ne-ah)  [yirip,  over  ;  ~6vog,  tone]. 
I.  Excess  of  muscular  tonicity.  2.  Increased  intra- 
ocular tension. 

Hypertonic  (hi-per-ton'-ik)  [virkp,  over;  rurog,  tone]. 
Characterized  by  hypertonia. 

Hypertrichiasis  (ki-per-trik-i' -as-is) .     See  Hirsuties. 

Hypertrichosis  \hi-per-trik-o'  -sis).     See  Hirsuties. 

Hypertromos  {hi-per^-tro-mos)  [virkp,  over;  rpbpog, 
tremor].      Excessive  tremor  or  fear. 

Hypertrophia  [hi-per-tro' -fe-ah)  [virep,  over;  rpoor/, 
nourishment].  Same  as  Hypertrophy.  H.  cordis, 
hypertrophy  of  the  heart. 

Hypertrophic  (hi-per-trof'-ik)  [virep,  over;  rpoOr/, 
nourishment].  Marked  by  hypertrophy  or  excessive 
si/e. 

Hypertrophy  [hi-per* '-tro-fe)  [iirip,  over;  rpnoij,  nour- 
ishment]. This  word  etymologically  denotes  simply 
over-nourishment,  but  it  has  unfortunately  become 
synonymous  with  excessive  growth  or  size  of  an  organ 
or  part  (auxesis),  whether  this  is  due  to  over-nourish- 
ment, over-use,  or  to  any  other  condition.  H.,  Cardiac, 
may  follow  dilatation  of  the  heart,  or  be  caused  by 
valvular  disease,  diseased  condition  of  the  aorta, 
diseases  of  the  kidneys  and  other  distant  organs, 
by  constitutional   disease,  by  excessive  use  of  tobacco 


■a 


HYP1  RTROPIA 
j  ^  «nme  n"      'l 


H 


H 


Compcr.  w"sl 

.Hit 

that 
ig    from 

•i  i'il. 

I  disappear. 

urdiac 

but  with 

H.,  Ex- 

itation.     H., 

■ 

H.,  Idio- 

ither 

al,  ■•''  "'  tllc 

the  heart- 

cr  than  usual, 


H 

H  .  Simj 

ged.     H., 

.  in  .ui  i  in  the 


H 
H, 

H 

H 


H 


H 


I 


H 


H 


H 


H 


- 

blood, 
wrw  and 

I    -  ...    over ; 
|  '   uric   acid   in 

.  -     .  over; 

i  treating  some  dis- 
nr. 
under; 

jned 

:  pi.,  Hyph<e\. 

i  fungus ;  the 
um. 
i  .   blood]. 

j.    I  i'Tiinrrhage 

.  under;    o^xjair, 

. 
ii    in    which   the  veins 
iphyl. 

nee]. 

web;    ui 

■ 


fiber]. 

I 

'••   d 

illine, 

;    an 

l!\  PN<  I  I  ISM 

Hypniater  |  hip-tie* -a-ter)  [virvog,  sleep  ;   'tar/'/p,  practi- 
l  somnambulistic  or  clairvoyant  doctor;   a 
hypnotiz<  r  "i  mesmerist 

Hypnic  [hip'-nik)  [vm>uc6g,  producing  sleep].      I.   Per- 
taining  to  or  inducing  sleep.     2.   An  agent  that  induces 
or  influences  sleep. 
Hypnobat,  or  Hypnobate  {hip' -no-bat)  [imvog,  sleep  ; 

walking].      A  sleep  walker;  somnambulist. 
Hypnobatia    [hip-no-ba* -she-ah)   ['rrri'og,  sleep  ;  jiarog, 

walking].     Somnambulism! 
Hypnocyst  [Aip*-no-sist]  [vwvog,  .sleep;  Kvartg, bladder]. 
In  biology,  an  1  1  unicellular  organism  not  un- 

oing  sporulation. 
Hypnogenetic,  Hypnogenic,  Hypnogenous  [hip  no 
jen-et'-ik,  hip-no-jen'-ik,  hip-noj' '-en-us)  [yirvog,  sleep  ; 
"luce].      I.    Producing  or  inducing  sleep. 
2.    Inducing  hypnotism. 
Hypnography  [hip-nog* -ra-fe).      Same  as  Hypnol 
Hypnolepsy  [hip* -no-lep-se)  (yirvog,  sleep;  M/ipig,  seiz- 
ure].     Narcolepsy;  morbid  sleepiness. 
Hypnology    [hip-nol* -o-je)    \ji>TTi>or,    sleep;   W6yog,  sci- 
ence].     The  science  of  sleep,  its  disorders,   and   its 
hygienic  effi  1 
Hypnone  [hip'-non).     See  Acetophenone. 
Hypnopathy  [hip-nop*-ath-e]  [yirvog,  sleep  ;  mifloc,  dis 
ease].      Sleep  due  to  a  diseased  or  morbid  condition 
of  the  body,  brain,  or  mind;  also,  narcolepsy;  sleepy 
disease. 
Hypnophobia   (hip-no-fo* -be-ak)  [yirvog,  sleep ;    <j>6f3og, 
fear].      Morbid    dread   of  sleep;    also,   nightmare   or 
night-terror. 
Hypnosis    [hip-no* -sis\     [imvoq,    sleep].     An    artificial 
condition   produced  by  hypnotizing.      Also,  the  grad- 
ual approach  of  sleep.     H.,  African.     See   African 
Lethargy. 
Hypnosperm    [hip* -no-sperm)    [yirvog,   sleep;    arttpfin, 
seed].      In  biology,  a  resting  spore.      Cf.  Ilypnosporc. 
Hypnospore    [hip -no-spor)    [hx-vog,    sleep;    aTropd,   a 

spore].      In  biology,  a  resting  spore. 
Hypnotherapy     [hip-no-ther'-ap-e)     [uirvoc,    sleep; 

depaireia,  healing].  Hypnotic  treatment  of  disease. 
Hypnotic  [hip-not* -ik)  [imvaQ,  sleep].  A  remedy  that 
causes  sleep.  A  soporific.  Also,  pertaining  to  hyp 
notism. 
Hypnotism  {hip'-not-izm)  [iirrvog,  sleep].  A  state  of 
artificial  somnambulism  ;  it  may  be  produced  by  va- 
rious means,  as,  for  example,  by  having  the  subject 
look  with  concentrated  attention  at  any  small  object  so 
near  that  effort  is  required  to  converge  the  axes  of  the 
eyes.  It  is  characterized  by  a  partial  or  complete  absence 
of  volition,  sensation,  ami  self-consciousness,  except  so 
much  as  conn,  from  the  hypnotizer  or  some  dominat- 
ing will  or  idea.  There  are  four  main  methods  of  in- 
ducing hypnotism,  all  originating  in  France.  These 
follows:  Charcot's  Method;  it  consists  in 
making  pressure  over  the  eyeballs,  and,  finally, 

rubbing  the  top  of  the  head.  Luys'  Transference 
Method;  tin-  hypnotism  is  induced  by  having  the 
patient  s'n  with  his  back  to  the  light  and  look  steadily 
at  a  rapidly  revolving  mirror  placed  two  or  three  1  1 
from  him.  on  which  the  li^ht  1-  directly  shining.  The 
constant  flash  of  the  light  soon  wearies  the  eyes  and 
produces  sleep.  Nancy  Method;  in  this  method 
hypnotism  i>  induced  by  means  of  suggestion  entirely, 
the  patient  submitting  to  the  will  of  the  operator. 
Voisin's  Method;  Braidism ;  the  patienl  lie, 
upon  ih.  broad  of  his  back  and  gazes  steadily  at 
a  bright  silvered  ball,  suspended  from  the  ceiling 
and  at  a  distant  1  oi  aboul  nine  inches  from  his  eyes. 
The  method  of  fascination  is  also  used,  the  operator 
gazing  fixedly  in  the  subject's  eyes  at  a  distance  of 
aboii'  a  loot.      See,  also,  Somnambulism. 


hvi'.m  >Ti/.\i;i.i; 


.-,!<:: 


IIYPODERM  VTOMY 


Hypnotizable  [hip-not-W -ab-l)  [yirvog,  sleep].  Sus- 
ceptible of  being  hypnotized. 

Hypnotization  (hip-//  hun)\\  irvot  , sleep ;facere, 

to   make].     The  employment  oi    the  means  used  to 

hypnotize  a  person  ;  the  induction  of  hypnotism. 

Hypnotoid  [hip' -not-oid)  [ynvog,  sleep ;  eifiog,  form]. 
Resembling  hypnotism. 

Hypo-  [hif-po-)  [/to,  under].  A  prefix  denoting  defi- 
ciency or  lack. 

Hypo  [hip'-o)  [biro,  under].  A  popular  name  for  hy- 
pochondriasis, lowness  "I  spirits,  or  imaginary  illness, 
or  exaggeration  of  slight  ailments. 

Hypoaemia  [hi-po-e' -me-ah).     Sec  Hyphemia. 

Hypoalbuminosis  [hi-po-al-bu-min-of-sis).  See  Hyp- 
albuminosis  and  Hypoleukontemia. 

Hypoalonemia  [hi-po-al-o-ne' '-me-ah)  [bird,  under  ;  akg, 
salt,  uauv,  of  salts ;  aifia,  blood].  A  deficiency  of 
the  salts  of  the  blood. 

Hypoaria  [hi-po-a' '-re-ah)  [bird,  under  ;  udpiov,  dim.  of 
a6v,  an  egg].  In  biology,  a  pairol  oval  ganglia  found 
on  the  \eutral  side  of  the  region  of  the  thalami  in 
most  lishes. 

Hypoblast  {ki> -po-blast)  [bir6,  under  ;  >/<in-,,r,  sprout]. 
The  internal  layer  of  the  blastoderm,  or  the  ental 
layer  of  cellsof  the  embryo  of  a  metazoan  ;  it  is  called, 
also,  the  endoderm,  endoblast,  entoderm,  or  epithelio- 
glandular  layer;  from  it  is  developed  the  intestinal 
epithelium  (except  that  of  the  mouth  and  anus)  and 
that  of  the  glands  opening  into  the  intestines  ;  also, 
the  epithelium  of  the  air-passages. 

Hypoblepharon  [hi-po-blef -ar-on)  [bird,  under;  .->>.■- 
ipapov,  lid  J .  i.  An  artificial  eye.  2.  A  swelling 
under  the  eyelid. 

Hypobromite  [hi-po-bro' '-mil)  \jtm6,  under;  3po>png, 
stench].  A  salt  of  hypobromous  acid.  H.  Method, 
a  method  of  estimating  the  quantity  of  urea  in  urine, 
based  upon  the  fact  that  when  urea  is  acted  upon  by 
sodium  hypobromite  (or  calcium  hypochlorite)  it  is 
decomposed  into  nitrogen,  carbon  dioxid,  and  water. 

Hypobulia  [hi-po-bu' '-le-ah)  [bird,  under;  fiovTJi,  will]. 
Loss  or  deficiency  of  will-power. 

Hypocardia  [hi-po-kar' -de-ah)  [bird,  under;  mpdia, 
heart].      Downward  displacement  of  the  heart. 

Hypocatalepsis  [hi-po-kat-al-ep' sis)  [bird,  under;  Kara, 
down;  '/au'vnriv,  to  seize].  Slight  catalepsy,  or  epi- 
lepsy. 

Hypocatharsis  {hi-po-kath-ar* '-sis)  [bird,  under;  na6- 
aipsLv,  to  purge].     A  gentle  purgation. 

Hypochilium  [hi-po-hil' -e-um)  [/to,  under;  jfZ/or, 
the  lip:  pi. ,  Hypochilia\.  In  biology,  the  lower  part 
of  the  lip  of  certain  orchids. 

Hypochlorhydria  [hi-po-klor-hif -dre-ah)  [bird,  under; 
Xkupoq,  green;  vdup,  water].  A  condition  in  which 
there  is  a  diminished  amount  of  HC1  in  the  gastric 
juice.  It  is  usually  associated  with  an  overproduction 
of  lactic  acid,  and  is  often  due  to  a  state  of  lowered 
general  nutrition. 

Hypochlorite      [hi-po-klo' -rit)     [bird,    under;     yPopoc, 
green].      Any  salt    of  hypochlorous   acid.       Calcium 
hypochlorite    is  the  essential  constituent  of  bleaching 
powder. 

Hypochlorous  Acid  [hi-po-klo' -rus).     See  Acid. 

Hypocholesteremia     [hi-po-ko-les-ter-e' '-me-ah)    \ 
under;   \"'///,  bile;  oreap,  fat;  aiua, blood].    Decrease 
or  deficiency  of  the  cholesterin  of  the  blood. 

Hypochondria    [hi-po-kon' -dre-ah)    [bud,   under; 
Spar,    cartilage].      I.    The    regions    below    the    costal 
arches  on  either  side.      2.    Same  as  Hypochondriasis. 

Hypochondriac  [hi-po-kon' -dre-ak)  [/.to,   under; 
Spog,     cartilage].       I.    Pertaining    to    the    hypochon- 
drium.      2.    A  person  who  is  affected  with  hypochon- 
driasis. 
38 


Hypochondriasis  [hi-po  kon-dri' -as-is)  [imoxovApiaids, 
affei  (cd  in  the  hypochondria].  A  disturbance  of  the 
functions  oi  the  nervous  system  similar  to  that  in  mel- 
ancholia, in  which  the  patient  believes  himself  suffer- 
ing from  bodily  disease.  It  i-  characterized  by  alternate 
spells  oi  moodiness  and  excitability.  H.  pituitosa. 
Synonym  oi    Membranous  Enten 

Hypochondrium  [hi-po- kon'-dre  ions  [/ to,  under  ; 

if,  cartilage:  pi.,  Hypochondria].  The  upper  lat- 
eral region  on  either  -ide  of  the  mesial  line  of  the 
abdomen . 

Hypochromatemia  [hi-po-kro-ma  .  un- 

der;  xj)i„u(i.  color;  alfia,  blood].      Deficiency  of  the 
coloring-matter  of  the  blood. 

Hypochromatic  [hi-po-kro-mat* -ik)[bi\d ,  under;  piiud, 
1].      1  •<  in  i- -nt  in  coloring-matter. 

Hypochromia  [hi-po-kro1 -me-ah)   [wd, under;    Xi" 
color].      Abnormal  pallor  or  transparency  of  the  skin, 
occurring  in  certain  skin-disi 

Hypochrosis     [hi-po- kro' -sis)    [imd,    under; 

coloring].      Abnormal    paleness  ;   lack  of  normal  col- 
oration. 

Hypochyma  [hi-po-ki' '-mah)  [/to,  beneath  ;  x^eiv>  to 
pour].      An  old  name  for  cataract. 

Hypocist  (hi'-po-sisi)  [/to,  under;  kmttoc,  <  i-tus].  1. 
The  plant  Cytinus  hypocistis,  of  the  old  world.  2. 
The  dark  astringent  extract  prepared  by  drying  the 
sap  of  the  foregoing  plant  and  the  juice  of  its  ber- 
ries.   It  is  useful  for  hemorrhages  and  diarrhea.    Unof. 

Hypoclidium  [hi-po-kW '-de-um)  [/to,  under;  K/.eig,  a 
key  ;  the  clavicle  :  //. ,  Hypoclidia\  In  biology,  the 
inferomedian  process  formed  at  the  junction  of  the 
clavicles  of  a  bird. 

Hypoclysis  [liip-ok'-lis-is)  [/to,  under;  K/.vcuog,  a 
clyster].      The  administration  of  an  enema. 

Hypocotyl  [hi-po-kotf -it)  [/to,  under;  KoruXydav,  coty- 
ledon].     A  short  term  for  Hypocotyledoncnis  stem. 

Hypocotyledonous  [hi-po-kot-il-e1 '-don-us)[im6,  under  ; 
KOTLVJ/Auv,  cotyledon].  In  biology,  situated  below 
the  cotyledons. 

Hypocraterimorphous  [hif  -po-kra-ter-im-or'  -fits)  [biro- 
Kparijpiov,  the  stand  of  a  crater  ;  uopQr, ,  form] .  Applied 
to  certain  flowers  the  corolla  of  which  have  a  flat, spread- 
ing limb  surmounting  a  straight  tube  ;   salver  shaped. 

Hypocyrtosis  [hi-po-sir-to'-sis)  [bird,  under;  KvpTuaig, 
curvature].      A  slight  amount  of  curvature. 

Hypocystotomy  [hi-po- sis-tot' '-o-me)  [bird,  under; 
rig,  bladder;    ro/ii/,  a  cut].      Perineal  cystotomy. 

Hypoderm  [hir -po-derm)  [i<~6,  under;  dippa,  skin]. 
1.  Subcutaneous  tissue.  2.  A  hypodermatic  injection. 
3.  In  biology,  applied  to  the  epithelial  membrane 
lining  the  cuticular,  crustaceous,  or  chitinous  invest- 
ment of  arthropods  ;  also  called  Hypodermis. 

Hypoderma  [hi-po-der' '-mah)  [/to,  under:  .  -kin]. 

In  biology  :    I.    A  layer  of  cells,  usually  collenchyma, 

just  beneath  the  epidermis  of  a  leaf  or  stem.      2.   A 

genus  of  dipterous  insects,  the  bot-flies.   See  Parasites 

timal),  Table  of. 

Hypodermatic  [hi-po- der-mat' '-ik)  [/to,  under;  6'eppa, 
skin].  Pertaining  to  that  which  is  under  the  skin,  or 
to  the  introduction  of  medicines  beneath  the  skin. 

Hypodermatoclysis  [hi-po-der-mat-ok' '-lis-is) ,  or  Hy- 
podermoclysis  [hi-po-der-mok' -lis-is),  [i-o.  under; 
deppa,  skin  ;  a'/inir.  injection].  A  method  of  supply- 
ing fluid  to  the  body  to  replace  that  lost  through  ex- 
cessive purging,  as  in  cholera,  or  in  cases  of  hemor- 
rhage. It  consists  in  the  introduction  into  the  subcu- 
taneous tissues  of  certain  quantities  of  normal  saline 
si  ilution. 

Hypodermatomy  [hi-po-der-mat'-o-me)  [bird,  under: 
deppa,  skin  ;  ripveiv,  to  cut].  Subcutaneous  surgical 
section  of  parts. 


HVI'i  >NAS1  \ 


• 


m 


i  milk]. 

. 
the  by] 

■    ■.  the 

■ 

Ding 

.mi. 
■ 

the 

in  the  hypogastric 

[/'t'I, 

twin].     A  double 

a  the 

trohe:r. .  i  [,_"> 

II  morrhage 

- 

trorrh  rider ; 

ght  amount  of 

Qtration. 
.xjgaeal  inder 

■ 

csis 

■ 

.  pro 
H      Nerve. 

i    the 


[turd,    under; 
od].     I  >eficien<  \  of  sugar  in 


Hypoglottis  un. In  ; 

rhe  under  part  of  the  tongue,  attached  to 
.\       Also,  a  swelling  al  the  under  pan  ol 

Hypoglycemia 

>gnathadenitis  [wn$,  mi 

.   gland  ;   trig,  inflammation]. 

Inflammation  of  the  submaxillary  -land. 

ognathous  na-thus)  [bird,  under;   ,  r.i"<« . 

In    biology,  applied    to  animals  in  which  the 
r  mandible  i~  longer  than  the  upper. 
Hvpognathus    |  [im6,   under;   ;.- 

i.      A  double  monstrosit)  in  which  the  parasit 

an. i.  hed  to  the  inferior  maxillary  bone. 
Hypogynia    (hi  [im6,     under; 

woman].     The  state  of  being  hypogynous. 
Hypogynous  (hi-pof ' -in-us)[yTr6,  undei  |       i  , ,  fi  male]. 

In   biology,   growing  beneath   the   pistil;    applied   to 

stamens  or  other  floral  organs   that  are   inserted  be- 
lli the  pistil. 
Hypohaemia  (hi-po- he' -me-ah).  Sec  Hypohemia. 
Hypohematosis  (fii-po-hem  cit-o'  under;   alfia, 

blood].     A  diseased  condition  marked  by  hyphemia, 
I  in  the  amount  of  blood  ;  also,  die  produc- 
tion, or  process  of  inducing  such  a  condition. 
Hypohidrosis   [hi-po-hid-ro1 -sis)  [vtt6,  under;   i(S,i 

sweating].      Scanty  perspiration. 
Hypohydremia      {hi-po-hi-dre/ -me-ah)     \vtzo,    under; 
i,  water;  alfia,  blood].      Deficiency  of  water    in 

the  blood. 
Hypohypnosis   (hi-po-hip-no* -sis)    [vtt6,  under;  vkvoc, 

sleep].      Imperfect  or  partial  sleep. 
Hypoinosemia  (hi-po ■  in- o-se' -me-ah)    \yiro,  under  ;   ic, 

liber;  alpa,    blood].     Decrease    in    the    tendency    to 

the  formation  oi  fibrin  in  the  blood. 
Hypokinesia,  or    Hypokinesis  [hi-po-kin-e' '-se-ak,    or 

hi-po-kin-e' -sis)   \im6,  under;   Kivrjocg,  motion].     De- 
ficiency in  motor  reaction  under  stimulation. 
Hypoleukocythemia    (hi-po-lu-ko-si-thef -me-ah)   [ 

under;  Xevudg,    white;   itbrog,   a   cell;    aifia,    blood]. 

I  leficiency  of  white  corpuscles  in  the  blood. 
Hypoleukocytosis  [hi-po-lu-ko-si-tof -sis)  \imb,  under'; 

'tevK.6q,  white ;  itfrroc,  cell].    Diminution  in  the  number 

of  colei  |  uscles  iii  the  Mood. 

Hypolipemia  (hi-po- lip-e' -me-ah)    \jm6,  under;   7 

fal ;  a\pa,  blood].      Deficiency  of  fat  in  the  blood. 
Hypologia  (hi-po-lo* -ge-ah)  \yw6,  under;  7J>yoqt  word]. 

Pi  eh  as  a  symptom  of  cerebral  disease. 

Hypomania     (hi-po-ma' '-ne-ah)     \vtt6,    under;    fiavia, 

madness].       A     moderate    degree    of    maniacal    ex 

altation. 
Hypomelancholia  (hi-po-mel-an-ko* ' -le-ah)\ym6,  under  ; 

'"/  melancholia].       Moderate    or    reasoning 

melani  hi  ilia. 
Hypomenous   (hi-pom' '-en-us)    \yir6,  under;  uiveiv,  to 

remain].     Same  as  Hypogeru >us. 
Hypomere  (hi'-po-mir)  \yir6,  under;  ukpog,  a  part].   In 

biology,  the  lower  half  of  certain   sponges  (r/i,i^ 

whii  is  of  all  thr<  e  fundamental  laj 

Hypometropia      (hi-po- me-tro'pt  [' ~".     under: 

ision].     Myopia. 
Hypomnesis     (hi-pom-ne' -sis)     [yirdfivqoig,     memory]. 

Memory  <ir  re<  ollei  tion. 
Hypomoria  (hi-po-nu  \  vir6,  under ;  uupia,  follj  j 

Slighl  mental  disorder. 
Hypomyosthenia  (hi-po-mi-os  the'  ne  ah)  \jm6, under; 
.  strength],     I  d  ficiency  in   mus 

Hyponasty,  or  Hyponastic  Curvature   (hi'-po-nc 
[>-".  under;    vaar6q,   close  pressed].      In  biology,  a 


HYPONEURIA 


595 


IIYD  .1  111  <   11  M 


curvature  produced  by  growth    on  the  under  side  of 
an  extended  organ.     Cf.  Epinasty. 
Hyponeuria    [hi-po-nu' '-re-ah)     \jm6,    undei  ; 
nerve].     Slight  or  diminished  nerv<   pow 

Hyponoetic(///-/v-//<< -<•/'  -ik)\jm6,  under ;  voh]tik6^ under- 
standing].    Under  the  control  of  the  will. 

Hyponome  [hi' -po-noni)  \yw6,  under;  .  to  dwell 

in,  to  inhabit].      In  biology,  the   exhalant  funnel  of  a 
cephaloj  od. 

Hyponomous    [hi-pon' '-o-mus)    [vk6,  under;    i 

feed].     Spreading  or  eating  below  the  surface;  applied 
to  certain  ulcers,  etc. 

Hypopepsia  [hi-po-pep* '-se-ah)\yn6,  under;  tri  \pic,  diges- 
tion]. A  disorder  of  digestion  in  which  there  is  a 
notable  diminution  in  the  functional  activity,  glandular 
and  chemic,  ol  the  stomach. 

Hypophemia,  Tropical.     See  Ankylostomiasis. 

Hypophlceodic   [hi-po-fle-odr-ik)    [im6,   under;   tpii 
bark].      In  biology,  situated  beneath  the  hark. 

Hypophlceous  [hi-po-fle' -us).     Same  as  Hypophlceodic. 

Hypophosphite  [hi-po-foi '  fit)[i  rr<5,  under; phosphorus]. 
Any  .-.ill  of  hypophosphorous  arid.  Several  hypo- 
phosphites  (as  of  calcium,  potassium,  sodium)  are  offi- 
cial, and  many  others  are  used  to  a  limited  extent. 

Hypophosphorous  Acid  [hi-po-fos-fo'-rus).     See  Acid. 

Hypophrasia  [hi-po-fra' -ze-ah)  \im6,  under;  ippdaic, 
phrase,  utterance] .  Meagerness  or  poverty  of  speech, 
as  a  sign  of  cerebral  disease. 

Hypophyllium  {hi-po-fiV -e-um)  [incd,  under;  <pi//nr, 
a  leaf:  //. ,  Hypophyllia\.  In  biology,  a  sheath-like 
petiole,  without  lamin 

Hypophyllous  [hi-poff'-U-us)  \y~6,  under  ;  pt'//«r, 
leaf].      Same  as  Hypogenous. 

Hypophysemia  [hi-po-fi-se1 -me-ah)  \_i~6,  under  ; 
$vca,  air;  atua,  blood].  Deficiency  of  gaseous  ele- 
ments in  the  blood. 

Hypophysis  [hi-poff* '-is-is)[yir6,  under;  fvr.iv,  to  grow]. 
The  pituitary  body,  q.  v.  ;  sometimes  called  the  H. 
cerebri. 

Hypoplasia  [hi-po-pla1 '-ze-ah)  [ynS,  under;  irMoeetv, 
to  mould].  Deficiency  or  arrested  development  of 
any  organ  or  tissue.      See  Aplasia. 

Hypoplastemia  [hi-po-plas-te' -me-ah).  See  Hypoplas- 
tic,-mia. 

Hypoplasticemia  {lii-po-plas-tis-c' '-me-ali)  [vtt6,  under; 
-'/ aa-iKoq,  plastic  ;  ai/ia,  blood].  Deficient  plasticity 
of  the  blood. 

Hypopraxia  [hi-po-praks'-e-ah)  \yn6,  under ;  irpai-vc, 
doing].  inactivity;  listlessness ;  inefficiency  as  a 
sign  or  result  of  cerebral  disorder. 

Hypopselaphesia  [hi-pop-sel-af-ef -ze-ah)  [biro,  under; 
vij'/nQijiiic,  touch].  Diminution  of  sensitiveness  to 
tactile  impressions. 

Hypoptilum  [hi-pop> '-til-um)  [y~6,  under ;  tz-'i?.ov, 
feather:  //. ,  Hypoptila\  In  biology,  the  entire 
after-shaft  of  a  feather,  including  the  vanes  ;  hypo- 
rachis. 

Hypoptyalism  [hi-pop-ti' -al-izm)  [vird,  under ;  Kroakia- 
//<»;,  ptyalism].      A  mild  or  slight  ptyalism. 

Hypopygium  [hi-po-pijf -e-itm)  [yx6,  under ;  -r;  /;,  the 
rump:  />/.,  Hypopygia\  In  biology,  the  male  clasp- 
ing-organ  of  dipterous  insect-. 

Hypopyon  [hi-po1 '-pe-on)  [y~6,  under;  wvov,  pus].  A 
collection  of  pus  in  the  anterior  chamber  of  the  eye, 
secondary  to  inflammation  of  adjacent  tissues. 

Hypoquebrachin  {hi-po-kwe-brakr -in)  [i~u,  under; 
quebracho],  C^II.^Xj  >2.  An  alkaloid  of  Quebracho, 
occurring  in  yellow  masses,  melting  at  about  8o°  C. , 
and  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether. 

Hyporachis  [hi-porr -ak-is)  [vir6,  under;  pa  \>c,  the 
spine].  In  biology,  the  stem  or  rachis  of  the  after- 
shaft  ;   the  hypoptilum  of  a  feather 


Hyporadioli    [hi-po  ra-di'-o-li)    [bird,     under  ;   radius, 
radius].      In  biology,  the  barbules  of  the  after  -haft  of 
a  feather. 
Hyporrhea  [hi-por-e* '-ah}   \\m6,  under  ;  p  >w]. 

A  slight  hemorrh 

Hyposmia  [hi-poz* -me-ah)    [y7c6,  under;  ■>",.  smell]. 

1  diminution  of  th  if  smell. 

Hypospadia,  or  Hypospadias   [hi-po-spaf  -de-ah,  h 

,  to  draw].  An  abnormal 
opening  and  ending  of  the  urethra  upon  the  undei 
surface  of  the  penis,  or  in  the  under  wall  of  the  urethra. 

It  is  variously  classed,  a ding  to  the  position  of  it.i 

opening,  as  glandular  tor  balanic  i,  balano-penile, 
penile,  peno-scrotal,  scrotal,  or  perineal.  Certain 
tribe- of  the  Arab-.  Africans,  and  native  Australians 
produce  an  artificial  hypospadias. 

Hypostaphylitis      [hi-po-staf-ili'  under; 

GTCMfir/ir,  uvula;  itic,  inflammation].  Slight  inflam- 
mation of  the  uvula. 

Hypostasis  [hi-pos'  -tas-is)\b~6r,Tanir ,  a  standing  under]. 
A  word  loosel)  used  to  denote  feces,  or  any  sediment 
falling  from  a  liquid,  especially  the  sediment  of  urine. 
Also,  a  form  of  passive  hyperemia  caused  by  the  de- 
pendent position  of  the  part  affected. 

Hypostatic  [hi-po-stat* -ik)  [imdoTaoic,  a  standing 
under].  Due  to,  or  of  the  nature  of,  hypostasis.  H. 
Congestion.  Same  as  Hypostasis,  q.  v.  H.  Pneu- 
monia, I'iorry"s  term  for  the  variety  of  pneumonia 
secondary  to  most  of  the  acute  febrile  diseases,  and 
occurring  in  the  final  stage  of  many  chronic  diseases. 
It  is  in  part  due  to  the  mechanic  gravitation  of  blood 
to  the  part  affected,  as  to  the  back,  in  cases  of  long- 
continued  dorsal  decubitus. 

Hyposternum  [hi-po-ster1 '-num)  \jtm6,  under;  r-ipvov, 
the  breast:  //. ,  Hypostema\  In  biology,  the  third 
lateral  piece  of  the  plastron  of  a  turtle  ;  also  called 
Hypoplastron. 

Hyposthenia  [ki-po-sthe' '-ne-ah)  [wrd,  under  ;  afiivoc, 
strength].      Weakness;   subnormal  strength. 

Hyposthenic  [hi-po-sthen' -ik)  [i'-o,  under;  aOevoc, 
strength].  I.  Tendency  to,  or  characterized  by,  hy- 
posthenia ;  applied  to  diseases  that  are  more  than  or- 
dinarily enfeebling.  2.  A  medicine  that  reduces  the 
action  of  the  heart  without  affecting  its  rhythm. 

Hypostoma  {hi-pos/ -to-tnah)  \irtr6,  under;  aropa, 
mouth://.,  Hypostomata\  In  biology,  applied  (a) 
by  Meigen  and  Bouche  to  the  clypeus  of  Diptera,  and 
1  iy  Meinert  to  a  curved  broad  sclerite  behind  the  lamina 
labialis  of  the  inner  stipes  in  the  mouth  of  Myriopods  ; 
(l>)  to  the  proboscis  of  Hydroidea. 

Hypostomatous  [hi-po-sto' -mat-us)  or  Hypostomous 
{hi-pos' '-to-mus)  \_i-6,  under;  a~6fia,  mouth].  In 
biology,  having  the  mouth  inferior  or  ventral. 

Hypostome  [hif -po-stom).      Same  as  Hypostoma. 

Hypostyptic  [hi-po-stip/ -tik)  [>-6,  under;  otutttucSc, 
astringent],  I.  Moderately  or  mildly  styptic.  2.  A 
mildly  styptic  medicine. 

Hyposynergia  [hi-po-sin-erf-je-ah)  \jm6,  under;  cvvtp- 
a,  cooperation].      Defective  coordination. 

Hyposystole  Uii-po-sis' -to-le)  [/to,  under;  ovcrn'/t,, 
systole].      Deficiency  of  the  cardiac  systole. 

Hyposystolia  [hi-po^sis-to'-le-ah).      See  Hyposystole. 

Hypotension    [ki-po-ten' '-shun)     \yii6,    under;    / 
a  stretching],     I  Hminished  or  abnormally  low  tension  ; 
hypotonia. 

Hypothallus     [hi-po-thaV -us)    [vtt6,    under;   Ha/ 

young  -hoot  or  branch,  a  frond  : pi. ,  Hypothalli\  In 
biology,  a  delicate  filamentous  mass  upon  which  is 
developed  the  thallus  of  a  lichen. 

Hypothecium  [hi-po-the' -se-um)  \vk6,  under;  Or/Kr),a. 
case].  In  biology,  that  portion  of  a  lichen  thallu* 
immediately  around  or  beneath  the  apothecium. 


HYPOTHEXAR 


H< 


,  ,n     t ! 


ilm]. 
.   the 


II- 


H 


H 


Hvpothermy 
1.       De- 


i 


• 


H 


H 


Hypourcm 


oun 
poun 


n 


h 


■  nor- 

•n]. 
H  .  Gastric,  ondi- 

■ 
tomol 

i  ding 

imina  in 

Main 

the  anterior 

■ 

.-,  hair]. 
i    infusoria   as  have   the 
• 

\  defect  in  the  con- 

nism.    It 

much    in 

veil  in  the  same 

-   .    under ;  ovpov, 
the  urea  nor- 

:     -   .     under ; 
.  the  uric  acid 

.     ■ 
j.     A  deiii  ient  01 

under  ;    fa 

J  ing   admin 
:    11 
quantitii 

:i  found 

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inthin  appears  to 
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i  previoi 
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[|  i    non- 

ratio 

ioth], 

i  fur- 

.  ill- 


HYSTERIC 

Mountain-sickness;   balloon-sickness;  charac- 
terized by  nausea,  headache,  epistaxis,  etc. 

llvpsophobia   [hip-so-fo* -be-ah)   [»  ■  ■><  .  height;    <>- 

Morbid   dread   of  being    at   a   great    height; 
iphi  'hia. 

Hypsophyl,  [hip*  ■  on  high  ;  or'/ /or,  a  leaf]. 

[n  ;  me  of  the  leaf  like  or  bract-like  structures 

subtending  a  flower  or  an  inflorescence. 

Hypsopistnius  [hip-so-pis' '-tht  us)  [vijfi,  on  high;  bwio- 

iput].      Lissauer's  term  for  a  skull  in  which 

the  angle  included  between  the  radius  fixus  and  the 

line  joining  the  hormion  and  lambda  is  between  350 

and  410. 

Hypural  [hip-u'-ral)  [vw6,  under;  obpd,  tail].  In  bi' 
ology,  located  beneath  the  tail. 

Hyraceum  {hi-ra' 'se-um)  [vpaf,  a  mouse].    -\  product 

from  South  Africa,  somewhat  resembling  castoreum, 

and    believed    to   be  an   excretion,   perhaps  fecal,  of 

ffyrax  ■  the  50-called  South  African  cony  or 

It-  use  is  the  same  as  that  of  castor. 

Hyssop  ihis'-op)  [yoouncoq,  an  aromatic  plant].  Hedge- 
hyssop.  The  leaves  and  tops  of  Hyssopus  officinalis, 
an  aromatic  stimulant,  carminative,  and  tonic,  much 
employed  in  chronic  catarrh  of  the  respiratory  tract. 
1  >ose  of  tin-  lid.  ext.  3J-1J."  Unof.  See  also  Lophan- 
thus  and  Gratiola. 

Hystera  [his '-ter-ah )  [yoTlpa,  womb].  The  uterus  or 
womb.  Also,  the  vulva.  Also,  the  placenta  or  after- 
birth. 

Hysteralgia  [his-ter-aP '-je-ah)  \jjarkpa,  womb;  akyoq, 
pain].      1'ain  in  the  womb. 

Hysteranesis  [hister-anf-esis)  [yaripa,  womb;  aveoir, 
relaxation].      Relaxation  and  atony  of  the  uterus. 

Hysteranthous  [his-ter-an' -thus)  [yorepog,  later;  av6og, 
a  flower].  In  biology,  applied  to  plants  in  which  tin- 
leaves  do  not  appear  till  after  the  flowers  have  appeared. 

Hysteratresia  [his-ter-at-re' -ze-ah)  [inrspa,  womb ; 
arperog,  imperforate].  An  imperforate  or  impervious 
condition  of  the  mouth  of  the  womb. 

Hysterauxesis     (his-ter-awks-e' '-sis)     [vorepa,,     womb; 
enlargement].     Enlargement  of  the   uterus, 
normal  (as  in  pregnancy)  or  abnormal. 

Hysterectomy      [his-ter-ek' '-to-me)      [iaripa,     womb; 
//;,  a  cutting  out].      Excision  or  removal  of  the 
womb  by  surgical  operation.      H.,  Vaginal,  removal 
of  the  womb  through  the  vagina. 

Hysterelcosis  {his-ter-el-ko* '-sis)  [irrrf[>a,  womb;  ••'/- 
Kuotc,  ulceration].      Ulceration  of  the  uterus. 

Hysteria  [his-te' -re-ah)  [yorepa,  womb].  A  functional 
disturbance  of  the  nervous  system,  supposed  by  early 
physicians  to  be  due  to  a  disordered  condition  of 
the  womb.  It  is  now  often  considered  a  neurosis; 
it  is  not  with  certainty  known  whether  it  is  due  to 
structural  alteration  in  any  part  of  the  central  nervous 
system,  or  to  abnormal  blood  supply.  Paralyses,  impair- 
ment of  vision,  convulsions,  sensory  disturbances,  and 
psychic  manifestation-,  an-  usually  prominent  symp- 
Major  and  minor  types  are  differentiated. 
The  popular  significance  of  the  term  is  that  of  feigned 
disease,  but  tin-  physician  usually  considers  the 
attic  lion  real.  It  is  more  frequently  encountered  in 
females  than  in  male-.  H.,  Epileptiform,  a  synonym 
ot  .  frilepsy.    H.,  Major,  hystero-epilepsy.    H., 

Minor,  hysteria  of  a  mild  form. 

Hysteric,  Hysterical  (liis-ter'-ik, kis-ter' -ik-al)\yarkpa, 

womb].     Pertaining  to  hysteria,  </.  r\    Also,  pertaining 

the  womb.  H.  Temperature.  See  Thermal  Ataxia. 

H.   Breast,    a    condition    of    the    breast    in    neurotic 

women  marked    by  excessive    superficial   tenderness, 

diffuse  swelling,  constant  variation   in  size  and  hard- 

,  and   by  the  recurrence  of  these  symptoms  at  the 

ustrual    epochs.      H.    Dyspnea,    intensely    rapid 


HYSTERICISM 


597 


HYSTEROPSOPHY 


breathing,  50  to  150  respiration,  per  minute,  occurring 
in  neurotic  individuals,  without   1  riding    alt 

tion  of  the  pulse  rate.   H.  Somnolence,  the  early  stage 
or  lighter  form  of  //.   Trance.     H.  Trance,  a  peculiar 
condition  in  which   the  patient  sinks  into  a  lethargic, 
corpse-like  condition,  lasting  from  a  few  hours  to  se\ 
days. 

Hystericism  [his-ter' -is-izm)  [varipa,  womb].  The 
hysteric  diathesis  or  temperament;  proneness  to  the 
exhibition  of  hysteric  symptoms. 

Hysterics  [his-ter' -i&s)[yorepa,womb].  A  popular  term 
for  hysteric  or  convulsive  movements  and  conditions. 

Hysteriencephalitis    [his-ter-e-en-sef-al-i' -tis )   [voi 
womb;    eya  tpatov,   brain;  trig,    inflammation].      En- 
cephalitis and  meningitis  following  repeated  attacks  of 
hysteria. 

Hysterionica  [his-ter-e-on' '-ik-ah)  [yaripa,  womb].  A 
composite-flowered  herb  of  South  America  ( //.  bayla- 
huen)  of  considerable  efficacy  in  the  treatment  of 
acute  and  chronic  affections  of  the  respiratory  appar- 
atus. It  is  also  a  stomachic  and  intestinal  antiseptic 
of  value  in  the  treatment  of  flatulent  dyspepsia.  Dose 
of  the  fluid  extract  fi\v— xv.      Lnof. 

Hysteritis  [his  ter-i'-tis).     See  Metritis. 

Hysterizable  (his-ler-iz'-a-bl)  [varipa,  womb;  able, 
able].  Capable  of  being  thrown  into  a  hysteric  con- 
dition. 

Hystero-  [hisr -ter-o-)  [yarepa,  uterus].  A  prefix  sig- 
nifying relation  to  the  uterus,  or  to  hysteria. 

Hysterocatalepsy  [his-ter-o-kaf -al-ep-se)  [yaripa, 
womb;  Kara/i/il'ir,  catalepsy].  A  form  of  hysteria 
accompanied  by  catalepsy. 

Hyjterocele  [his' -ter-o-sel)  [varipa,  uterus;  nif/i],  her- 
nia].     Hernia  containing  the  uterus,  or  part  of  it. 

Hysterocl*eisis  [his-ter-o-kli'-sis)  [varipa,  womb ; 
n'/siaig,  closure].  The  closure  of  the  os  uteri  by  scari- 
fying and  suturing  the  labia ;  an  operation  formerly 
employed  in  the  treatment  of  vesico-uterine  fistula. 

Hysterocyesis  [his-ter-o-si-e'-sis)[varipa,'womh;  Kvr/aig, 
pregnancy].      Uterine  pregnancy. 

Hysterocystocele  [his-ter-o-sis'-to-sSl)  [varipa,  womb  ; 
Kvanc,  bladder ;  ktjIjj,  hernia].  Hysterocele  compli- 
cated by  cystocele ;  hernia  of  the  womb  and  the 
bladder,  or  parts  of  them. 

Hystero-demonopathy  [his-ter-  0- de -mon-op' '-ath-e) 
[varipa,  womb;  fiaiuuv,  a  demon;  rrdftog,  disease]. 
Hysteric  demonopathy  or  demonomania. 

Hysterodynia  [his-ter-o-din' -e-ah)  [varipa,  womb ; 
bdvvrj,  pain].      Pain  in  the  womb. 

Hystero-epilepsy  [his-ter-o-epr1 ' -il-ep-se)[varipa,  womb  ; 
E7uA?]ipia,  epilepsy].  A  form  of  hysteria  accompanied 
by  convulsions  resembling  those  of  epilepsy.  Gowers 
advises  the  term  hysteroid  in  reference  thereto. 

Hystero- epileptogenous  [his' -ter-o-ep-il-ep-tojf -en-us) 
[iaripa,  womb;  t-i?.r/xj)!a,  epilepsy;  yevvav,  to  pro- 
duce].     Producing  hysteric  epilepsy. 

Hysterogenic  [his-ter- o-jenf -ik)\yaripa,  womb;  yevvav, 
to  beget].      Causing  or  producing  hysteria. 

Hysterogenic  [his-ter-o-jen' '-ik)  [varepog,  later;  yiveia, 
produce,  bear].  In  biology,  applied  to  intercellular 
spaces  or  structures  appearing  late  in  the  life  of  a 
plant.      Cf.  Protogoii  . 

Hysterogeny  [his-ter-of '-en-e)  [varipa,  womb;  yevvav, 
to  produce].  The  induction  of  the  hysteric  state  or 
paroxysm. 

Hysteroid  (his'-ter-oid)  [variant,  womb;  f Idoo,  form]. 
Resembling  hysteria.  See  Hystero-epilepsy.  H.  Con- 
vulsions, convulsive  movements  with  hysteric  symp- 
toms in  various  organic  diseases  of  the  brain,  in 
epilepsy,  and  in  hydrophobia. 

Hysterolith  [his' -ter-o- lith)  [yaripa,  womb;  ?J6og, 
stone].     Calculus  or  stone  in  the  womb. 


Hysterolithiasis  [his-ter-o-lith-i'-as-i  .  womb  ; 

aaig,  the  formation  of  calculi].      The  formation  of 

hysteroliths. 
Hysterology    [his-ter-ol' '-o-je)    [varipa,    womb;    / 

nee].      The  anatomy,  physiology,  and  pathology, 

of  the  uterus. 
Hysteroloxia    Uiis-ter-o-loks' '-e-ak)      [varipa,    womb; 

/<«-,<,  oblique].     Oblique  displacement  or  position  of 

the  uterus. 
Hysteromalacia  [his-ter-o-mal-a'-se-ah)[varipa,womb ; 

»">">  ".    softness].     Softening  of  the   tissues  of  the 

womb. 
Hysteromalacoma    [his-ter-o-mal-ak-o'-mah)    [varipa, 

womb;   (/-//  .iij.      Softening  of  the  womb  or  of 

any  part  of  it. 
Hysteromania    [his-ter-o-ma'-ne-ah)    [varipa,    womb; 

fiavia,   madness].      Hysteric  insanity ;    also,    nympho- 
mania. 
Hysterometer  [his-ter-om' '-et-er)[varipa,  womb 

measure].      An    instrument  for  measuring  the  length 

of  the  intra-uterine  cavity. 
Hysterometry  [his-ter-om' -et-re)  [varipa,  womb; 

/I'm.  measure].      The  measurement  of  the  womb  or  of 

its  internal  space. 
Hysteromyoma   [his-ter-o-mi-o'-mah)    [varipa,  womb; 

uvg,  muscle  ;  opa,  tumor :  //. ,  Hysteromyomatd\.     My- 
oma or  fibro-myoma  of  the  womb. 
Hysteromyomatous   [his-ter-o-mi-o'  inat-tis)     [varipa, 

womb  ;   five,  muscle  ;   o/ta,  tumor].      Of  the  nature  of 

or  pertaining  to  hysteromyoma. 
Hysteromyomectomy  ( his '  -  ter-  o-  mi-o-  mek'  -  to  -  me] 

[varipa,     uterus;    fivg,    muscle;     enro/ii/,    excision]. 

Removal  of  a   hysteromyomatous   growth.      Removal 

of  the  body  or   supravaginal  portion  of  the   uterus  for 

fibroid  tumor. 
Hysteroncus   [his-ter- ong' -kits)  [iarepa,  womb  ;  dynog, 

a  tumor].      A  tumor  or  swelling  of  the  uterus. 
Hysteroneurasthenia    [his'-  ter  -  o  -  uu-  ras-the'-ne-ah) 

[varipa,  womb  ;  vevpov,  nerve  ;   aodevela,  weakness]. 

Neurasthenia  resulting  from  womb-disease. 
Hystero-neurosis        [his' '-ter-o-nu-ro' '-sis)        [varipa, 

womb;    rehpov,  nerve;   voaoc,  disease].      A  reflex  ac- 
tion resulting  from  irritation  of  the  uterus. 
Hystero-oophorectomy     [his'  -ter-o-o-off-or-ek'  -to-me) 

[varipa,    womb;      uooopoc,    egg-bearing;    enropi/,    a 

cutting  out].      The  surgical  removal  of  the  uterus  and 

ovaries  together. 
Hystero-paralysis      [his-ter-o-par-aV '-is-is)       [varipa, 

womb;    itapakvaig,  palsy].      Paralysis  or  weakness  of 

the  walls  of  the  womb. 
Hysteropathic     [his-ter-o-path' '-ik)      [yaripa,     womb  ; 

77<iHor,  disease].      Of  the  nature  of,    or  pertaining  to, 

hysteropathy. 
Hysteropathy  [his-ter-op' -ath-e)\yaripa,  womb  ;  -adog, 

disease].   Any  disease  or  disorder  of  the  womb.   Also, 

hysteria. 
Hysteropathy  [his-ter-op' -ath-e)  [varepog,  later ;  -adog, 

illness].     Same  as  Deuteropathy. 
Hysteropexia,  Hysteropexy  [his-ter-o-peks' -e-ah,  his'- 

ter-o-peks-e)  [varipa,  womb ;    ?n£f/c,  a  fastening].   Ab- 
dominal fixation  of  the  uterus  by  a  surgical  operation. 
Hysterophore    [his' -ter-o- for)    [varipa,    womb;  dopog, 

bearing].      A  form  of  uterine  pessary. 
Hysterophrenic  -o-fren'-ik)     [varipa,    womb ; 

r.  the  mind].     Opposed  to  hysterogenic. 
Hysteroplegia     [his-ter-o-pW -je-ah)     [varipa,    womb; 

-'/>,] ■/,.  a  stroke].     Same  as  Hystero-paralysis. 
Hysteropnix    [his-ter-op' -niks)    [yaripa,   womb;    -.  .-. 

suffocation].      Globus  hystericus. 
Hysteropsophy      \  his-ter-op' -so-fe)      ['varipa.     womb; 
.  sound,  utterance].      The  escape  of  air  from  the 

Uterus  with  an  audible  sound. 


K'AIIN 


■ 
n  itli 


c 


nib  ; 
■til)  ; 

•nil  ; 
■mli  ; 

I 
\    knife   f"r 


rostomatotomy 

[wr- 
•i].  Surgical 
it  1 1\  a  cutting 

>tokotomy 


liirth  ;     -       .      section],        I  !esarean 
in,    "i   delivery  through  an    incision  into    the 

Hysterotome  (A  tdni)   [yorkpa,  womb;   rop.fi,  a 

cutting].     A  hysterotomy-knife  or  cutting  instrument 
in  hysterotomy. 
Hysterotomotocia    (his-ter-o-to-m  ih\     [bar 


utting  ;     riiKnr,    birth].      An    incision 
into  the  womb  for  the  removal  of  a  fetus;  hysteroto 

■111V. 

Hysterotomy  {liis-ter-oP -o-me)   [yorepa,   womb;    - 

i     -Surgical  incision  of  the  uterus.     2.  Cesa- 
;ii  section.      See  Cesarean  Operation. 
Hysterotrachelorrhaphy    {his  -  tcr-o  -  tra-kel-or4 '-ra-fe) 
romb ;   rpaxjl^og,   neck;   /'mo//,  suture].       \ 
plastii    operation    fur   the   restoration  of  a   lacerated 
1  ervix  uteri. 
Hysterotrachelotomy    |  his-ter-o-tra-kel-otf -o-me)    [ia- 
1,  womb  .  neck  ;   --.//;,,  section].     Surgi- 

cal ini  tsion  ol  the  neck  of  the  womb. 
Hystero-traumatism  [his-tn  '  mat-ism)\ycn 

womb;    rpavpa,  wound].     Hysteric  symptoms  due  to 
or  following  traumatism. 
Hysterotrismus   {his-ter-o-triz'-mus)    [yoripa,   womb; 

,  a  creaking].      Spasm  of  the  uterus. 
Hystriciasis    (his-tris-i* -as-is)    \yoTptf-,    a    hedgehog]. 
\  disease  of  the  hair  in  which  the  latter  "  stares"  or 
stands  Stiffly  out  like  the  hair  of  the  hedgehog. 
Hystricismus  {his-tris-iz'-mtis).   See  Ichthyosis hystrix. 
Hystrix     (///V-ttihs)     \yo~rpi%,    porcupine].       Same    as 
Ichthyosis  hystrix. 


I. 


Ii«lin. 

.   remedy;     I 

rapeutics; 

.   cure].      Medical  or 

[  larr/. 

■'      art  or 

fric- 

ice  of 
dical 

Pertain 
■  ]       A  Greek  pi 
hemic.-.:  ./.,.„. 


mic 

■ 


anilid;  an  odorless  and  non-toxic  antiseptic  agent, said 
to  be  three  times  as  effective,  weight  for  weight,  as 
iodoform.      Unof. 

Iatroliptic  {i-at-ro-lif -tik) .     See  latraliptic. 

Iatrology    {i-at-rol' -o-je)     [larpdg,    physician;     Uyog, 
].     The  science  of  medicine;'  an  account  of, 
or  treatise  on,  physicians. 

Iatromathematician  (/-  at  -  ro  -  math  -  cm  -  at  -  is//'-  an) 
[larpdg,  physician;  uafh/pariicSg,  a  mathematician]. 
A  physician  of  a  17th  century  school  (chiefly  Italian) 
whirl,  ascribed  vital  activities  to  the  sizes  of  por.^ 
and  pari  friction  and  consequent  retardation, 

and  to  other   mechanical   causes,      lb-    asserted  that 
all  vital  phenomena  an-  mechanical. 

Iatrophysics  {i-at-ro-fiz' -iks)  [larpdg,  physician ;  tjwrn- 
,  pertaining  to  nature].  The  relation'  of  physics  to 
medicine  orthe  application  of  physics  to  disease  or  thera- 
peuti<  s.  The  materialistic  explanation  of  disease  ;  ap- 
plied especially  to  an  obsolete  theory  of  the  17th  cen- 
tury, thatsoughtto  explain  physiologic  and  therapeutic 
fai  ts  by  means  of  the  principles  of  physics  (dynamics 
and    -  11 

Iatrotechnics     {i-at-ro-tek» '-niks)     [larpdg,    physician,- 

[      The  an  of  healing. 

Iba  [African].     Gaboon  chocolate;  a  substi- 

olate  from  Irvingia  %abonensis,  asimaru- 

1  W.  Africa.     Unof. 

Icajin   (  in)  [African,  icaja].     A  poisonous  alka- 

loid  derived  from  an  African  ordeal-drug  called  icaja. 


K  I 


599 


[(  HTHY<  »TOXI<  I  M 


It  somewhat  resembles  brucin,  and  is  probably  derived 
from  some  species  of  Strophanthus.  Unof. 
Ice  (is)  [ME.,  ise,  ice].  Water  in  its  solid  Mate,  to 
which  it  is  reduced  by  a  temperature  of  o°  centigrade, 
or  320  Fahrenheit.  I. -bag,  a  l.a^  of  waterproof  ma 
terial  filled  with  ice,  for  application  to  any  part  of  the 
body.  I. -cap,  a  bladder  <>r  rubber  cap  tilled  with 
pounded  ice  for  application  to  the  bead  in  caseof  con- 
gestion. I. -cot,  abedcooled  by  ice,  so  as  to  reduce  the 
temperature  of  the  patient.  I. -cradle,  a  device  that 
consists  in  the  suspension  over  a  febrile  patient  in 
heel,  by  means  of  iron  frames  or  barrel-hoops,  of  a 
number  of  zinc  buckets  kept  half-filled  with  ice  and 
enclosed  in  a  light  covering.  The  patient  is  covered 
with  a  muslin  sheet  and  provision  is  made  for  the  circu- 
lation of  pure  air  in  the  cradle.  The  temperature  of 
the  patient  is  to  be  taken  at  leasl  every  tour  hours,  and 
if  it  falls  to  ioo°  the  apparatus  is  to  be  removed.  If  a 
sense  of  chilliness  appears  bot  bottles  are  to  be  applied 
to  the  feet.  I. -poultice,  or  I. -compress,  an  applica- 
tion of  broken  ice  used  tor  local  refrigeration. 
Iceland  {is'-land)  [Ml...  ise,  ice;  ME.,  land,  land]. 
An  island  of  the  Arctic  Ocean.  I.  Moss.  See  Cetra- 
ria.  I.  Spar,  a  transparent  calcium  carbonate,  crys- 
tallized in  rhomboidal  prisms.  It  has  the  property  of 
dividing  and  doubly  refracting  a  ray  of  light. 
Ichor   {il-kor)    [i^w/J,  serum,   or  pus].      An  acrid  and 

thin  puriform  discharge  from  an  ulcer  or  wound. 
Ichoroid,    or    Ichorous    (if -kor-oid,  i'-kor-us)    [<;)>>/}> 
serum,  or  pus;   eldog,  like].      Resembling  or  relating 
to  pus  containing  serum  and  disintegrated  tissue. 
Ichorrhea  (i-kor-e* -ah)   [inup,  pus;  poiu,  a  flow].      A 

copious  flow  of  ichor. 
Ichorrhemia  (i-kor-e' '-me-ah )  [<  \up, ichor;  aifia, blood]. 
The  presence  in  the  blood  of  ichorous  matter;  septice- 
mia; pyemia. 
Ichthiasis  (ik-thi'-as-is).     See  Ichthyosis. 
Ichthidin  (ik? -thid-in)   [l^/'f,  Ash].     A  substance  re- 
sembling lardacein,   but   obtained   from   the  eggs   of 
cyprinoid  fishes. 
Ichthin    (ik'-thin)    [Ix&ug,  fish].      An   albuminous  sub- 
stance obtained  from  the  eggs  of  some  fishes,  and  also 
from  cartilaginous  fishes  and  frogs. 
Ichthulin  (ik'-thu-lin)  [t;rt%C,  a  fish  ;   v'/tj,  matter].     A 
lardaceous    substance,   with   the   percentage-composi- 
tion,   C52.5H8N15.2SjP0.6,  found  in  the  eggs  of  fishes 
and  in  salmon.      It  is  akin  to  ichthin  and  ichthidin. 
Ichthyiasis  [ik-the-i' '-as-is).      Same  as  Ichthyosis. 
Ichthyic   (ik'-the-ik)   [ix6vin6g,  of  a  fish,  fishy].      Per- 
taining to,  or  resembling,  a  fish  ;   piscine ;   ichthyoid  ; 
ichthyo-morphic  ;   icthyopsidan. 
Ichthyisation     [ik-the-iz-a' '-shun)     [Ixdvg,    fish].      In 
biology  the  process  of  intensification  of  fish-like  char- 
acters. 
Ichthyocolla     [ik-the-o-kol'-ah)     \lx6vg,    fish;     k6/><i, 
glue].      Isinglass.      The  air-bladder  of  the  sturgeon, 
Acipenser huso.     It  occurs  in  horny,  translucent,  white 
sheets,  that  form  a  jelly   with    hot   water.      It  is  the 
purest  form  of  gelatin,  and  is  used  as  a  food,  for  clari- 
fying liquids,  and  as  a  test  for  tannic  acid.      I.,  Em- 
plastrum,    court-plaster ;  it  consists    of  isinglass    10, 
glycerin  I,  alcohol  40,  water  and  tinct.  benzoin  q.  s. , 
spread  upon  fine  white  silk  bolting-cloth  and  dried. 
Ichthyography  (ik-the-og' -ra-fe)  [i .y"'V,  fish;   ypatyeiv, 

to  write].     A  description  of  fishes;   ichthyology. 
Ichthyoid  (ik'-the-oid)  [t^flvc,  fish ;  eldog,  form].     Re- 
sembling a  fish  ;   fish-like. 
Ichthyol   \ik'-the-ol)  [<(""'.  fish  \  oleum,  oil],  <   ,  II  , 
S.\a,Ot..'    Sodium  sulpho-ichthyolate.    A  preparation 
obtained  from  certain  varieties  of  fossiliferous  shale  oc- 
curring in  the  Tyrolese  Alps.      It  has  a  characteristic 
bituminous  odor  and  taste.    It  is  a  good  antiphlogistic, 


and  has  proved  efficient  in  eczema  and  psoriasis,  and 
in  gynecology.  It  is  used  in  the  form  of  a  10  to  20 
per  tent,  ointment,  as  a  solution  in  glycerin,  equal 
[.arts,  or  in  the  pure  state.      I.,  German.  \iol. 

Ichthyology  \  ik-lhe-ol'  -o-je   ['!"''•  fish  ;  7J>\  •«  .  science]. 
1  fie   scieni  e    of    fishes,   their    anatomy,  distribution, 
and  bioli 
Ichthyomorphic  (ik-the-o-mor' ' -fik)  [Ix^iig,  a  fish  ;  /.-. 
form].    In  biology,  having  the  morphologic  characters 
of  a  fish  ;   ichthyopsidan. 
Ichthyophagous  (ik-the-ojf'-a,   u     [     dig, 

to  eat].     Fish-eating.     A  word  applied  to  such  ani- 
mals as  subsist  on  lish. 
Ichthyopterygium  1  ik-the-op-ter-ij' -e-um)  [i  1  "<  < .  a  fish  ; 
,   a   wing   or   fin].     The    fore-limb   or  hind- 
limb  of  a  vertebrate,  modified  as  a  fin. 
Ichthyosis   [ik-the-o' -sis)   \l^6vg,  fish;   vdaog,  disease]. 
Xeroderma  ichthyoides,  Ichthyosis  vera,  fish-skin    dis- 
ease; a  congenital  skin-disease,  usually  involving  the 
entire    surface  of  the   body,   aggravated   by  cold,  and 
characterized  by  extreme  dryness  of  the  skin  and   by 
•the  development  of  epidermal  plates   coarsely  resem- 
bling the  scales  of  a  fish,  and  forming  in  some  cases 
verrucous  growths,   sessile  and    pedunculated,    freely 
projecting    from    the    surface.       I.    congenita.      See 
Seborrhea    squamosa    neonatorum.       I.    follicularis, 
a  form  in  which  the  sebum  and  epithelium  are  he;;; 
up    around    the    orifices    of    the    hair-follicles ;    it    is 
especially  seen  upon  the  extensor  surfaces  of  the  arms 
and   legs.      I.   hystrix  :    Hystricismus ;   a  rare  skin- 
disease  characterized  by  warty  looking  growths,  con- 
sisting of  elongated  and  hypertrophied  papillae,  covered 
by  greatly  thickened,  dark-brown,   horny  epidermis, 
and  forming  flat-topped  or  pointed,  spinous  projections. 
These  are    grouped    together  to  form  patches,   often 
unilateral  and  distributed  along  the  course  of  cutaneous 
nerves.      They  are  seldom  present  on  the  face.      Usu- 
ally they  offer  no  subjective  symptoms.     I.  linguae, 
an   acquired  affection  of  the   tongue  in    which  it  be- 
comes   dry  and    scaly.      I.  nacree.     See  /.   simplex. 
I.    nigricans.     See  /.  simplex.     I.  nitida.     See  /. 
simplex.     I.    palmae    vel    palmaris    et    plantaris, 
the  exceptional  form  coxifined  solely  to  the  palms  and 
soles.     I.  sauroderma.     See  /.  simplex.      I.  scutel- 
lata.     See    /.    simplex.      I.    sebacea.     Synonym  of 
Seborrhea.     I.  sebacea  cornea.     See  Darter's  Dis- 
ease.     I.  serpentina.     See  /.  simplex.      I.  simplex, 
the  common  form  of  ichthyosis  in  which  the  whole 
surface  has  a  tesselated  appearance,  from  being  covered 
with    large,    angular,  dirty-white,    finely    corrugated, 
papery  scales  that  are  adherent,  and  therefore  slightly 
depressed  in  the  center  (/.  scutellata),  while  the  edges 
are  detached,  transparent,  and  shining   ( /.    nacree  or 
/.  nitida).      In   still  higher  grades   the   scales   adhere 
together  to  form  thin  plates,  and  being  of  a  greenish 
tint,  resemble  a  serpent's  skin  (/.  serpentina')  ;    when 
there    are    still    thicker    plates,    the    appearance    of  a 
crocodile    hide    is    produced    (/.    sauroderma).      The 
older  the  plates  the  darker  they  become,  so  that  they 
may  vary  from   olive-green    to  black    (/.■  nigricans). 
The    hair   is   dry,   harsh,    and   dull-looking,   and   the 
scalp   branny  ;   the    nails    may  be   pitted  and  brittle. 
Itching  is  frequent.    Warmth  ameliorates  the  condition 
by    favoring    sweating.      I.    spinosa,    a    form    of    /. 
hystrix,  in  which  the  scales  are  spiny.      I.  vera.     See 
Ichthyosis. 
Ichthyotic  (ik-the-of-ik)   [<;rt%c,  fish].      Relating  to  or 

affected  with  ichthyosis. 
Ichthyotomy    1  ik-the-ot' -o-me)   \ljfibg,  a  fi.-h  ;   tout],   a 

cutting].      The  dissection  or  anatomy  of  fishes. 
Ichthyotoxicum     [ik-the-o-toks/ -ik-um)      [i;rt%c,     fish; 
toS-ikAv,  poison].      A  name  loosely  given  to  poisoning 


600 


I 


i   this 

i   the 

.  tlit 


lei. 
rial  illus- 


■    Je]. 

the  liver 

mndice]. 

Yellow,  or 

[I..].         I  'US. 

.   jaundice].       Af 

j       Ictei 
.  form], 
tundice. 

mndice; 
]       i  with  yellow 

i       Jaund 

Atrophy  of  the  Liver. 

rapid 

jaundice, 

try. 

i  marked 

»ur- 

•         intains 

I   in 

I 

lid  - 

Hematogenic, 
■I  in 

I..  Urobil 


IDEOMOTION 

ments.     The  skin  and  conjunctivae  are  colored  yellow, 
i  :  mi,  but  no  true  jaundice  exi-ts. 

Ictus  |  I    ,  a  stroke].     A  sudden  or  unforeseen 

ait.:  I.  epilepticus,  an  epileptic  in.     I.  paralyti- 

cus I.  solis,  sunstroke. 

Id  [idus,   the   dividing  or  division].     In    biology,   ac- 

Weismann's  theory  of  the  germ  plasm,  a 

vital  unit  of  the  third  degree,  having  a  definite  struc- 

turi  rminants,  which  in  their  turn  are  made  up 

an    "ancestral  germ-plasm,"    or  unit 

■      primar)  constituents  of  the  species. 

nts   an  individuality,  and   is  probably 

ntical  with   the   "microsome"  of  the  nuclear  rod. 

tn :   Idant. 

-id,  or  ide  (id)  [/  (us,  a  term].     A  suffix  used  in  chem- 
istry to  den  mbination  of  two  elemental*}  sub 
stani 

Idant    (if-dant)    [idus,    the  dividing  or  division].      In 
biology,  according  to  Weismann's  theory  of  the  germ- 
plasm,  a  vital  unit  of  tin-  fourth  degree;  a  group  oi 
.  differing    from  the   latter  in   not  being  perfectly 
invi  quantities,    but    only    relatively   constant, 

th(  ir  constitution  being  modified  from  time  to  time,  so 
thai  the  ids  which  previousl)  belonged  to  the  idant  A 
may  later  take  part  in  the  composition  of  the  idant  B 
or  C.  A  chromosome  (chromatosome)  or  nuclear  rod, 
composed  of  vital  units  or  ancestral  plasms,  termed 
ids  or  microsomata  {microsomes). 

-ide  [eldog,  resembling    in  form].     A    suffix   denoting 
resemblance  to  the  object  with  the  name  of  which  the 
gnated  body  is  combined. 

Idea  I  ,form  or  semblance].     A  men- 

tal representation  of  something  perceived.  I. -chase, 
a  condition  in  acute  mania  in  which  disconnected  ideas 
Bow  rapidly  through  the  mind.  It  is  a  term 
much  used  by  German  authors.  I.,  Fixed,  that  form 
of  mania  in  which  one  dominant  idea  controls  all 
actions.  I.,  Imperative,  a  morbid  idea  or  insane 
suggestion  imperiously  demanding  notice,  the  patient 
often  being  painfully  conscious  of  its  domination  over 
his  will. 

Ideation  (i-de-a* -shuti)  [Idea,  form  or  semblance].  The 
formation  of  a  mental  conception  ;  the  cerebral  action 
by  which,  or  in  accord  with  which,  an  idea  is  formed. 

Identical  {i-den* -tik-al)  [identicus,  the  same].  The 
same.  I.  Points,  corresponding  points  of  the  two 
retinae,  or  the  two  positions  in  normal  eyes  where  the 
image  of  an  object  is  focused  upon  the  retin  e. 

Identism  (i-den' -tizm)  [idem,  the  same].  The  theory 
that  chancre,  chancroid,  and  gonorrhea  are  due  to  one 
and  the  same  poison  or  virus. 

Identist  [i-den'-Hst)  [idem,the  same].     A  term  applied 

to  one  who  believes  in  the  identity  of  certain  diseases, 

. ,  that   gonorrhea  and   hard  and   soft  chancre   are 

due  to  the   same    sp  irus,  or  that    typhus    and 

typhoid  ire  identical. 

Identity  '  tit-c)     [idem,    the    same].      Absolute 

sameness.  I.,  Personal,  one's  personal  existence; 
the  continuity  of  oik's  state  as  a  person  ;  the  reality 
of  the  "t   anj  person;    in  law,  the  fact  of 

being  the  person  he  is  assumed  to  be;  thai  which 
is  commonly  proved  by  the  establishment  of  simi- 
larity 01  ■  ,  physical  characteristics, 
marks,  and  peculiar  habits. 

Ideo-dynamism      [i-de-o-di' '-nam-izm)      [Idia,     idea; 
!        The    domination   of  an    idea;    the 
uggested   idea  over  the  subse 
quent  acts  of  a   person   who  is,  or  has   been,   hyp- 
notized. 

Ideomotion  (i-de-o-mo' '-shun)  \\6ta,  idea;  motio,  a 
moving].  Motion  or  action  due  to  some  idea,  and 
neither  purely  voluntary  nor  reflex. 


IDKn-.Mun  »k 


601 


[DIOPLASM 


Ideo-motor  ( i-de-o-mo' -tor)  [idea,  a  mental  image ; 
movere,  to  move].  Pertaining  conjointly  to  ideation 
anil  movement.  I.  Center,  that  part  of  the  gray 
matter  which,  influenced  In  ideation,  excites  muscu- 
lar movement.  I.  Movements,  unconscious  move- 
ments, due  to  impulses  of  the  mind  when  the  attention 
is  otherwise  absorbed. 

Ideopegma  [i-de-o-peg' '-maft)  [Idi  a,  id<  a  ;  -i, ;  ua,  a  thing 
fixed:  pi.,  Ideopegmatd\,  A  fixed  or  dominant  idea 
that  colors  all  the  thoughts  of  the  patient  and  thus 
creates  a  monomania. 

Ideophrenia    {i-de-o-/re/-ne-aft)     Video. ,     form  ; 
mind].      Insanity  with  marked  perversion  of  ideas. 

Ideophrenic      {i-de-o-fren/ -ik)      [idea,      form; 
mind].      Relating  to,  or  marked  by,  ideophrenia. 

Ideoplastic  (i-de-o-plas'-tik)  [idia,  idea;  nTJuaauv,  to 
form].  Giving  shape  to  the  ideas;  that  stage  of  hyp- 
notism in  which  the  idea  impressed  on  the  brain  of  the 
subject  is  translated  into  action. 

Ideosynchysia,  or  Ideosynchysis  [i-de-o-sin-ki' '-ze-ak, 
or  i-de-o-rin' '-kis-is)  [Idea,  idea;  oi>]  \vaig,  a  pouring 
together].      Confusion  of  ideas;   delirium. 

-ideus  (-id'-e-us)  [idiog,  one's  own].  A  suffix  having 
the  sense  of  possession  or  ownership. 

Idianoia  [id-e-an-oif -aft)  [idiog,  own,  peculiar;  v6og, 
mind].      Same  as  Idiocy. 

Idiempresis  {id-e-em-pref-sis)  [idiog,  own ;  eurrpr/aic, 
burning].  Spontaneous  combustion.  Also,  sponta- 
neous inflammation. 

Idio-  {id'-e-o-)  [idiog,  own].  A  prefix  signifying  indi- 
vidual peculiarity. 

Idiobiology  \id-e-o-bi-ol'  -o-je)  [i^mc,  peculiar  ;  fiiog,  life  ; 
"Kkyeiv,  to  speak].  The  physiology  of  any  particular 
organized  body,  as  opposed  to  Biontology,  q.  v.  (J. 
Aitken  Meigs.) 

Idioblast  (id' -e-o-blasi)  [idioc,  peculiar;  ,3/aa-6g,  off- 
shoot]. In  biology,  a  histologic  cell  having  a  charac- 
ter different  from  that  of  the  surrounding  cells,  owing 
to  a  difference  either  in  its  form  or  its  contents,  e.g., 
the  stellate  hair  in  the  interior  of  the  tissue  of  Nym- 
phcececz  (Sachs). 

Idiocrasy  \id-e-ok'-ras-e)  [idioKpaaia :  idiog,  own  ;  upaoig, 
mixture].      Same  as  Idiosyncrasy. 

Idioctonia  (id-e-ok-to' '-ne-a/i)  [idiog,  own  ;  ktovoc,  kill- 
ing].     Self-murder;  suicide. 

Idiocy  (id'-e-o-se)  [idtdjrrjg,  a  private  person].  A  con- 
dition of  mental  deficiency,  usually  accompanied  by 
physical  degeneracy.  It  is  characterized  by  a  pecu- 
liar coarse,  brutal,  and  cunning  nature,  with  marked 
physical  peculiarities.  It  is  more  common  in  males 
than  in  females.  I.  of  Deprivation,  that  in  which 
from  birth  there  is  a  loss  of  two  or  more  of  the  senses, 
with  consequent  lack  of  external  impressions.  I., 
Eclampsic,  that  following  infantile  convulsions. 
Fourteen  per  cent,  of  cases  of  idiocy  are  said  to  be 
of  this  origin.  I.,  Epileptic,  that  associated  with 
epilepsy.  Such  cases  are  the  subjects  of  epileptic 
convulsions  through  life.  I.,  Ethnic,  a  characteristic 
of  certain  idiocies  of  the  Caucasian  race,  in  which  in- 
dividuals are  seen  who  present  a  kind  of  mimicry  of 
various  other  races  of  mankind.  Among  the  types  of 
genetous  idiocy  thus  characterized,  writers  have  de- 
scribed the  American- hn /in n  type,  the  Ethiopian  or 
negroid,  the  Kalmuck,  the  Malayan,  and  the  highly- 
characterized  Mongolian  type,  which  includes  about 
ten  per  cent,  of  all  cases  of  idiocy.  I.,  Genetous, 
those  cases  in  which,  although  the  causation  is  indefi- 
nite, the  condition  dates  from  fetal  life.  I.,  Hydro- 
cephalic, that  dependent  upon  hydrocephalus.  I., 
Inflammatory.  See  /. ,  Traumatic.  I.,  Micro- 
cephalic, that  associated  with  smallness  of  the  head. 
A    circumference   less  than    eighteen    inches    implies 


idiocy.  I.,  Paralytic,  that  from  paralysis  following 
injury  before  or  after  birth.  I.,  Traumatic,  that  due 
to  injury  during  labor  or  in  early  childhood. 

Idioderma  {id-e-o-der'-mah).  Same  as  JJcrmatiti  lu- 
be) 

Idiodinic  [id-e-o-din' '-ik)   [idiog,  one's  own;  divog,  ro- 
tation, a  round  area,  taken  in  the  sense  of    "pore"]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  animals  that  bring  forth  or  re- 
iduce  by  means  ol  a  special  genital  pore. 

Idio-electrics  [id'-e-o-e-Uk'-triks)  [idiog,  own;  ffktK\ 
amber].      A  name  formerly  applied  to  such  bodies 
amber,  resin,  or  glass,  which  are  readily  electrified  by 
friction,  and  which  were   then  supposed  to   be  electric 
in  themseh  i 

Idioglossia  \ia'-e-o-glos/-e-ah)  [idioc,  own,  peculiar; 
yhaooa,  tongue].  Extremely  defective  utterance,  but 
one  in  which  the  same  sound  is  used  to  express  the 
same  idea,  even  though  the  sounds  used  belong  to  no 
known  language. 

Idiologism    [id-e-ol' '-o-jizm)    \  ■  n  :  /",<".    utter 

ance].      A  characteristic  expression  or  form  of  utter 
ance  peculiar  to  any  person,   especially  to  an  insane 
person. 

Idiometritis     {id-e-o-me-iri* '-tis)     [idiog,    own;    ui 
womb;     trie,     inflammation].      Inflammation    of    the 
parenchymatous  substance  of  the  womb. 

Idiomiasma  [id-e-o-mi-az/ -maft)  [idiog,  own;  uiaoua, 
stain,  defilement :  //. ,  Idiomiasmata].  A  term  for 
any  noxious  exhalation  from  the  body. 

Idiomology  [id-e-o-mol' -o-je)  [Idia/ia,  a  peculiar  phrase- 
ology, idiom;  "kkyeiv,  to  speak].  The  study  of  the 
peculiarities  of  speech  of  various  races. 

Idio-muscular  [id-e-o-mus/ -ku-lar)  [Idiog,  own  ;  muscul- 
us,  muscle].  Peculiar  to  muscular  tissue  ;  not  involving 
any  nerve -stimulus  or  any  function  of  the  organi.-m, 
except  those  of  the  muscle  itself.  I.  Contraction, 
the  contraction  of  a  fatigued  or  tired  muscle  under 
certain  conditions  of  extraneous  stimulus. 

Idioneurosis  {id-e-o-nu-rof -sis)  [idiog,  own  ;  vevpov,  a 
nerve  ;  vocog,  disease].  An  affection  due  to  some  dis- 
turbed or  abnormal  condition  of  the  nerves  supplying 
the  affected  part ;  a  simple  and  uncomplicated  neurosis. 

Idionym  (id'-e-o-tiim)  [idiog,  own;  oiiua,  name]. 
A  term  restricted  in  its  application  to  a  particular 
organ. 

Idiopathic  (id-e-o-path'  -ik)  [idioc,  own  ;  Trddog,  disease] 
Not  consequent  or  dependent  upon  another  disease , 
or  known  or  recognized  cause.  The  antithesis  ot 
sympathetic,  deuteropathic.  I.  Dysmenorrhea,  pain- 
ful menstruation  unassociated  with  organic  lesion  or 
displacement. 

Idiopathy  [id-i-op/ -atk-e)  [idiog,  own ;  zradog,  disease]. 
I.  An  idiopathic  disease  or  condition.  2.  The  fact  or 
quality  of  being  idiopathic. 

Idiophrenic  {id-e-o-fren'-ik)  [idiog,  own;  6pi,r,  mind]. 
Due  to  disease  of  the  brain  ;  a  term  used  to  designate 
certain  forms  of  insanity. 

Idioplasm  (id/-e-o-plaz?n)  [idiog,  peculiar:  -'/iitjita,  a 
thing  formed].  In  biology,  a  term  introduced  by 
Xageli  for  a  special  hereditary  reproductive  substance 
not  contained  in  the  body  of  the  cell,  but  in  the  chromo- 
somes of  the  nucleus,  controlling  and  deteimining  the 
actual  characters  of  the  particular  cell,  and  also  those 
of  all  of  its  descendants.  Each  idioplasm  is  com- 
posed of  several  or  many  ids  (</.  v.),  which  are  capable 
of  growth  and  multiplication  bv  division ;  although 
much  smaller  in  bulk  than  the  rest  of  the  living  sub- 
stance of  the  cell  or  body  (trophoplasm).  idioplasm 
is  the  active  element  in  the  process  of  formation,  and 
determines  the  detailed  construction  of  the  tropho- 
plasm,  which  is  the  passive  element.  I.,  Accessory 
(Neben-idioplasm),  a  special,  minute  group  of"  supple- 


II  EOLOGV 


id  in  the 

; 

.-111  ]. 

gth  or 

rhagic 


. 


uli- 

har- 

in  differs 

I.,  Hemor- 

I.,  Imaginary,  a  bj 

I.,  Olfac- 

Ifll. 

■  i .  peculi- 
'■i   idiosyncrasy. 

I.   L 

rson].     A  person 
mental    develop- 
auses  arising  soon 
I.    savant,   an    idiot    who    lias    a 

markable  mental  development  in 

art,  in  mathematics, 

mica!  ingenuity. 

.   Idiotism     id'-e-ot-izm),    Idiotry 

m  ].      Idiocy,  q.  v. 

•  halatnou  tie's  own  ; 

j.     In  biology,  applied  to  such  lichens 

at  character  from  the 

lition    of  an 
diotism. 
.  an  image].     An  illusion 

to.  ,skin]. 
tus  glands  of  the  body. 

■.     water  ;      w 

.  or  to 

''.'   h      idenitis. 

<>■;  ignatiaj. 
ertain 
nin. 

rnatia].      An 

impound   has 

illing 

I       Ab- 

I      rinct  per 


Ignavia  Ug-na'-ve-ah)  [I-]-  Sluggishness;  abnormal 
slow  Function. 

Ignipuncturc  punk'-tur)  [ignis,  fire  ;  punctura, 

puncture].      A   method  oi  cauterization  employed  in 

tin-  treatment  of  certain   forms  of  hypertrophy  by  the 

introduction  of  platinum  needles  heated  to  whiteness 

urrent. 

Igni  [1    |     1  ne.     Combustion  distinguished 

by  rapid  oxidation  I.  actualis,  actual  cautery.  I. 
fatuus,  the  phenomenon  known  as  Jack  o'  Lantern, 
Will  o'  the  Wisp,  etc.  I.  sacer,  an  obsolete  name 
for  erysipelas.  See  Anthrax  and  Herpes  zoster.  I. 
sancti  Antonii,  Saint  Anthony's  Fire,  a  common 
name  for  erysipelas. 

Ignition  (ig-nish'-uti)  [ignis,  fire].  The  process  of 
beating  solids,  especially  inorganic  compounds,  until 
all  volatile  mattei  has  been  driven  off. 

Ihering's  Line.      See  Lines,  Tabl 

Ihle's  Paste.  A  modification  of  Lassar's  paste.  It 
is  composed  of  resorcin,  gr.  10  to  oo;  lanolin,  vase- 
lin,  oxid  ol  zinc,  and  powdered  starch,  each,  2  drains. 
It  i>  used  in  eczema. 

Ikota  [ik-o,-tah)  [Siberian].  A  form  of  religious  and 
hysteric  mania,  prevailing  among  the  women  of  Siberia. 

Ileac  [il'-e-ak)  [n'/nr,  to  mil].  Pertaining  to  the 
ileum.  I.  Passion,  an  ailment  characterized  by 
severe  griping  pains  and  vomiting  of  fecal  matter, 
together  with  spasm  of  the  abdominal  muscles. 

Ileadelphus  {il-e-ad-el* -fits)  [etkeiv,  to  roll;  ddtv<»,t  , 
a  brother].  A  monstrosity  double  from  the  pelvis 
downward. 

Ileitic  {il-e-it'-ik)  [elXeiv,  to  roll;  /tic,  inflammation]. 
Pertaining  to  or  affected  with  ileitis. 

Ileitis  (il-e-i'-tis)  [elheiv,  to  roll  ;  trie,  inflammation]. 
Inflammation  of  the  ileum. 

Ileo-  [i/'-e-o-)  [eiTieiv,  to  roll].  A  prefix  signifying  con- 
nection or  relation  to  the  ileum.  I. -cecal,  pertaining 
or  belonging  to  both  ileum  and  cecum.  I.-c.  Fossa, 
a  depression  in  the  lower  part  of  the  small  intestine  at 
the  base  of  the  vermiform  process.  I.-c.  Valve,  a 
valve  consisting  of  two  folds  of  mucosa  that  guanL 
tin-  passage  between  the  ileum  and  cecum.  I.-costalis. 
Muscles,  Table  of.  I. -lumbar,  pertaining  to  the 
ileum  and  the  lumbar  region.  I. -1.  Ligament.  See 
Ligament.  I. -typhoid,  a  synonym  for  typhoid  or 
enteric  fever. 

Ileo-cleisis  [il-e-o-kli' '-sis)  [eIIeiv,  to  roll ;  kIe'ieiv,  to 
lock].     <  >bstruction  or  closure  of  the  ileum. 

Ileo-colic  [il-e-o-kol' '-ik)  [tiXeiv,  to  roll  ;  kSXov,  colon]. 
Pertaining  conjointly  to  the  ileum  and  the  colon.  I.-c. 
Valve.    See  /  'dhe. 

Ileo-colitis  [il-e-o-ko-W -tis)  [elfaiv,  to  roll ;  k67uov, 
colon;  nir,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the 
lower  part  of  the  ileum  and  the  colon.  It  is  com- 
monly known  as  intestinal  catarrh. 

Ileo-colostomy  (//-,  '-to-me)     [eitetv,    to    roll; 

k6Xo\  .  colon  ;  ar6/ia, mouth].  The  surgical  establish- 
ment ol  an  artificial  communication  between  the  ileum 
and  the  col 

Ileo-colotomy  [il-e-o-ko-lof -o-me)  [elkeiv,  to  roll ;  tc6%ov, 
to  cut].     A  surgical   operation  upon 
tlie  ileum  and  the  colon. 

Ileodicliditis  [il-e  o-dik-lid  i'  lis)  [etXeiv,  to  roll  ;  diiMg, 
valve  ;  ,rn\  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the  ileo- 
cecal valve. 

Ileo-ileostomy    [il-e-o-il-e-os' -to-me)     [zVkeiv,    to   roll; 
to  roll  ;  ard/ia,  mouth].     The  surgical  operation 
ol   establishing  an  artificial    communication    between 
two  different  parts  of  the  ileum. 

Ileology  [il-e-ol'-o  1  [etXsiv,  to  roll;  Myoc,  science]. 
I  he  anatomy,  physiology,  and  pathology  of  the 
ileum, 


[LEOPISOLITIS 


603 


IU.L'MlNA'l  l<  IN 


Ileopisolitis  (il-e-o-pis-o-l/v-tis)  [eVkeiv,  to  roll  ;  piston, 
a  pea  ;  iTtg,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  l'eyer's 
patches  or  glands. 

Ileoproctostomy  (il-e-o-prok-tos'-to-me)  [elketv,  to  roll  ; 
npunroc,  rectum  ;  nmun,  moutb  |.  The  surgical  estab- 
lishment of  an  artificial  communication  between  the 
ileum  and  the  rectum. 

Ileorectostomy  Ul-e-o-rek-tos'-to-me).  See  Ileoproctos- 
tomy. 

Ileos  [ilf-e-os).      See  Ileus. 

Ileostomy  (il-e-os/-to-me)  [ti'/ne,  to  roll ;  ordfia,  mouth]. 
The  surgical  establishment  of  a  passage  through 
the  abdominal  wall  into  the  ileum,  or  from  the  ileum 
to  some  other  hollow  organ. 

Ileotyphus  [il-e-o-ti' '-fits)  [ti?£tv,\o  roll ;  Tv<po<;,  smoke]. 
Enteric  or  typhoid  fever. 

Ileum  [il'-e-um)  [n/m\  to  roll].  The  lower  portion  of 
the  small  intestine.  It  receives  its  name  from  its 
peristaltic  movement. 

Ileus  'ilr-e-us)  [el/joe  ;  ri'/uv,  to  roll].  Same  as  Ileac 
or  Iliac  Passion  ;  volvulus.  I.  inflammatorius. 
Synonym  of  Acute  Intestinal  Catarrh.  I.  spasmod- 
icus.     Synonym  of  Enteralgia. 

Ilex  [if-leks)  [L. ,  the  holm-oak].  A  genus  of  aqui- 
foliaceous  trees  and  shrubs  of  many  species  ;  the  hol- 
lies. I.  aquifolium,  common  European  holly;  the 
bark  and  leaves  have  medicinal  uses.  I.  cassine.  See 
Cassena.  I.  opaca,  American  holly  ;  it  has  the  proper- 
ties of  /.  aquifolium.  I.  glabra,  and  I.  verticillata, 
of  the  U.  S. ,  are  tonic,  febrifuge,  and  astringent.  See 
also  Mate.     All  unof. 

Ilia  (il'-e-al/)  [L.  :  //.  of  Ilium'].  The  iliac  bones;  the 
flanks  or  loins. 

Iliac  (ilf-e-ak)  [ilia,  the  flanks].  Pertaining  to  the  ilium 
or  to  the  flanks.  I.  Aneurysm,  one  occurring  at  the 
groin.  I.  Artery.  See  Arteries,  Table  of  I.  Crest, 
the  upper  free  margin  of  the  ilium  to  which  the  ab- 
dominal muscles  are  attached.  I.  Fascia.  See 
Fascia.  I.  Fossa.  See  Fossa.  I.  Muscle.  See 
Muscles,  Table  of.  I.  Region,  one  of  the  regions  into 
which  the  abdomen  is  conventionally  divided.  See 
Abdomen. 

Iliaco-  (il-i'-ak-o-)  [ilia,  the  loins].  A  prefix  signifying 
relation  to  the  loins.  I. -femoral,  relating  to  the 
ilium  and  the  femur.  I. -trochanteric,  relating  to 
the  ilium  and  the  great  trochanter  of  the  femur. 

Iliacus  (il-i'-ak-us).      See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Iliadelphus  (il-e-ad-el'  -fus)  [ilia,  Hanks  ;  «rff/t</>oc,  bro- 
ther]. A  monstrosity  double  from  the  pelvis  up- 
ward. 

Ilicin  (il'-is-in)  [ilex,  the  holm-oak].  A  crystalline 
febrifugal  principle  from  the  leaves  of  Ilex  aquifo- 
lium. 

Ilien  (il'-e-en)  [ilia,  the  loins].  Belonging  to  the  ilium 
in  itself. 

Ilio-  [iV-e-o-)  [ilium,  the  ilium].  A  prefix  to  denote  rela- 
tion to  or  Connection  with  the  ilium.  I.-capsularis, 
a  muscle  occasionally  found  in  man,  originating  at 
the  anterior  inferior  spine  of  the  ilium  and  in- 
serted into  the  iliofemoral  ligament.  See  Muscles, 
Table  of.  I. -femoral,  pertaining  conjointly  to  the 
ilium  and  the  femur.  I. -f.  Crease.  See  Crease.  I.-f. 
Ligament,  an  inverted  V-shaped  ligament  extending 
obliquely  across  the  hip-joint,  from  the  anterior  inferior 
spine  of  the  ilium  to  the  trochanters  of  the  femur,  pre- 
venting over-extension  of  the  joint.  I.-f.  Triangle, 
a  triangle  of  which  the  base  is  a  line  drawn  from  the 
summit  of  the  great  trochanter  to  the  anterior  superior 
spine  of  the  ilium,  and  the  apex  is  formed  by  lines  drawn 
backward  from  the  anterior  superior  spine  and  upward 
from  the  summit  of  the  trochanter.  Sec  Trian 
Table  of      I. -hypogastric,   pertaining  conjointly   to 


the  ilium  and  the  hypogastrium.  I.-h.  Nerve.  See 
Nerves,  'Table  of.  I. -inguinal,  pertaining  to  the 
ilium  and  the  groin.  I. -i.  Nerve.  See  Nerves,  Table 
of.  I. -lumbar,  pertaining  conjointly  to  the  ilium  and 
the  loins.  I.-l.  Artery,  a  branch  of  the  posterior 
division  of  the  internal  iliac  artery,  supplying  the 
iliacus,  and  also  tin-  psoas  and  quadratus  lumborum 
muscles.  See  Arteries,  Table  of .  I.-l.  Muscle,  that 
part  of  the  quadratus  lumborum  muscle  that  is  inserted 
mi.,  the  lip-  of  the  processes  of  the  lumbar  verte- 
bra-. See  Muscles,  Table  of.  I. -pectineal,  pertaining 
conjointly    to    the     ilium    and    the    pubes.  I. -p. 

Ligament,  that  part  of  the  iliac  fascia  by  which 
Poupart's  ligament  and  the  sheath  of  the  crural 
vessels  are  attached  to  the  os  pubis.  I. -p.  Line, 
the  ridge  reaching  from  the  spine  of  the  os  pubis 
to  the  auricular  surface  of  the  ilium.  See  Lit 
Table  of.  I. -pelvic,  pertaining  conjointly  to  the 
ilium  and  the  pelvis.  I. -p.  Abscess,  suppuration 
sometimes  occurring  over  the  iliacus  muscle  during 
labor,  and  commonly  due  to  the  laceration  of  mus- 
cular fibers.  I. -perineal,  relating  to  the  ilium  and 
the  perineal  region.  I.-polymelius,  a  monstrosity 
with  supernumerary  limbs  attached  to  the  ileum.  I.- 
psoas,  pertaining  conjointly  to  the  ilium  and  the 
loins.  I. -p.  Muscle.  See  Muscles.  Table  of.  I.- 
pubic,  relating  to  both  ilium  and  pubes.  I. -spinal, 
relating  to  the  ilium  and  the  spinal  column.  I.- 
tibial,  pertaining  to  or  connecting  the  ilium  and  the 
tibia.  I.-t.  Band,  a  thickened  portion  of  the  fascia 
lata  extending  from  the  outer  tuberosity  of  the  tibia 
to  the  iliac  crest.  I. -trochanteric,  pertaining  to  the 
ileum  and  a  trochanter. 
Ilium  (i/' -cum)   [L.].      The  upper  part  of  the  os  inno- 

minatum.     The  haunch-bone. 
Ilixanthin  (jl-iks-an' -thin)  [ilex,  holly  ;  SavVoc,  yellow], 
C17H2,On.      A  yellow  crystalline  coloring-matter  found 
in  holly.    The  crystals  melt  at  1980  C.,  and  are  soluble 
in  hot  water  and  alcohol. 
Ill  (if)  [ME.,  ille,  ill].      Sick  ;  diseased;  unwell. 
Illacrimation  (il-lak-ritn-a'  -shun)  [illacrima/io ;  in,  on  ; 

lacrima,  a  tear].      Same  as  Epiphora. 
Illaqueation     {il-lak-we-a'  -shun)     [illaqueare,    to    en- 
snare].     A  method  of  changing  the  direction  of  mis- 
placed cilia,  by  withdrawing  them,  by  a  noose,  through 
an  opening  in  the  adjacent  tissue  of  the  lid. 
Illegitimacy  {il-e-jif -im-a-se)    [in,  not;  legitimus,  ac- 
cording to  law].     The   condition  of  being  unlawful, 
or  not  legitimate. 
Illegitimate  \il-e-jit'-im-at)  [in.  not ;   legitimus,  accord- 
ing  to  law].      Not   in  accordance  with  statutory  law. 
I.  Child,  one  born  out  of  lawful  wedlock  ;   a  bastard. 
Illequation  {it-e-kwa'-shun).     See  Illaqueation. 
Illicium    {il-is'-e-um)  [illicere,  to  entice].      Star  Anise. 
The  fruit  of  Illicium  anisatum,  with  properties  due  to 
a  volatile  oil  identical  with   oil  of  anise.      Illicium  is 
properly  the  name  of  a  genus  of  magnoliaceous   trees 
and  shrubs.      I.   floridanum,  of  the  Gulf  States,  has 
poisonous  leaves.     I.  religiosum,  of  Asia,  is  said  to 
be  highly  poisonous.      I.  verum,  is  said  to  yield  the 
star  anise  of  commerce.      Unof. 
Illness   (il'-nes)    [ME.,  ille,  ill].      Sickness;  disease; 

an  attack  of  disease. 
Illumination  (il-oo-min-a'-skun)  [illuminare,  to  make 
light].  A  light  produced  by  a  luminous  body,  and 
reflected  by  surrounding  objects.  In  photometry,  the 
unit  of  intensity  of  illumination  is  that  given  by  a 
standard  candle  at  a  distance  of  one  foot.  I.,  Dark- 
ground,  in  microscopsy,  a  condition  in  which  the 
object  appears  self-luminous  on  a  dark  back  ground. 
This  occurs  when  the  rays  of  light  are  too  oblique  to 
enter  the   front  lens  of  the   objective,  except  such  as 


11 1 


IMMUNITY 


I.  of 
1     Oblique, 


\   fah 

from 
m  by  the 

I  .U  l.iult 

i  and  halluci- 

i  >f 

mud].    Treat- 

j.      ITie  picture  of  an 

ling 

I  .  After.  I.,  Diffusion 

of  I.,  Direct,  or  I.,   Erect,  that 

\  ith  the  ophthalmoscope, 

senting  their  natural  rela- 

I  .    Inverted,  t  by   interposing 

i  the  observed  eye  a 

at  tin-   focus  of 

I..  Real.  •  tal  mad<   bj  the  focused re- 

I  .    Refraction,  i  >  the 

ntering  and  leaving  an  object. 

i      rhe  1  inn  of  the  obji 

unl  the 
I.,  Subjective,  a  photism;  also 
I.,  Virtual,  that  produced  by 
tin:  raj  ad  a 

.   "i    mage].     Pen 
I.  Discs,  in  entomology,  the 
psulated 
.    nth  the   net 

Hptera). 
i   tin-   nymph  is 

.   imagin- 

I     'In-    mind, 
r  mental 
■ 
in    new 

\n     im 

g  till.' 

in  mind, 
ity] . 


■ 


Imbibition  (im-bii-ish'-un)  [imbibitio,  a  drinking  in]. 
Tin-  sucking  up,  or  capillary  absorption,  of  moisture, 
liquids,  or  •    substances   by  inorganic,   <>r   by 

i  .'i  torpid  iii-.miii   bodies. 

Imbowelling  ■  ■'        <■     |.       Same    as     Eviscer- 

Imbricate  (im'-brik-dt)  [imbricai  er  with  tiles]. 

Applied  to  that  arrangement  feal  n  rs,  Leaves, 

Tans  in  the  bud,  in  which  they  overlap  like 
slin  a  roof. 

Imbricated  (.///'  d)  [imbrex,  a  roof-tile].     Dis- 

tinguished  by  overlapping       Applied  to  the   position 
i  arrangement  of  scales  in  certain  squamous  diseases 
nt  the  skin. 

Imitation    lim-it-a' -shun)     [imitari,    to    imitate].      A 

production  thai  i>  similar  to,  or  a  copy  of,  another  ob- 

■    Di    process.     I.,   Morbid,  the   occurrence   of  a 

nvulsive  or  mental  affection   brought  about  by  ob 

mil;    a   similar  altection    in    another;    mental  con- 

tagii  'ii. 

Immaculate  [iin-ak' -ti-lat)  [in,  not;  macula,  a  spot]. 
Pure  ;    spotli 

Immarginate    [im-ar/-jin-at\   [in,  not;   marginal    . 
furnish  with  a  border].     In  biology,  having  no  well- 
defined  border. 

Immature  \im-at-iir' )  [immaturus, unripe].  Not  ripe; 
not  yet  of  an  adult  age  or  growth. 

Immediate  (/w-a  \[in, not;  medio,  the  middle]. 

Direct,  Without  anything  intervening,  as  immediate 
auscultation  or  percussion.  I.  Contagion,  that  from  a 
direct  source.  I.  Ligature.  See  Ligature.  I.Union, 
union  by  first  intention,  or  without  suppurative  granu- 
lation. 

Immedicable  [im-med/-ik-ab-l)  [in,  not;  medicare,  to 
cure].  That  which  does  not  yield  to  medicine  or 
treatment.      Incurable. 

Immersion  {im-mer* -shun)  [in,  in;  mergere,  to  dip]. 
The  plunging  of  a  body  into  a  liquid.  In  medicine, 
treatment  by  a  continued  bath.  See  Oil-immersion, 
Water-immersion.  I. -bath,  the  liquid  employed  for 
immersion.  I. -battery,  a  form  of  battery  in  which, 
by  inclining  the  cell,  the  elements  are  immersed  in 
iIm-  liquid.  I.,  Homogeneous,  a  fluid  between  the 
objective  of  a  microscope  and  the  cover-glass,  having 
about  the  same  refractive  and  dispersive  power  as  the 
glass.  I.,  Objective,  a  microscope-objective,  usually 
of  high  power,  the  lower  lens  of  which  is  immersed 
in  a  drop  of  water,  glycerin,  or  oil,  placed  on  the 
of  the  object  under  examination. 

Immissio  (im-ishf -e-o)  [L.].  Insertion.  I.  catheteris. 
See  Calhetetism.  I.  penis,  introduction  of  the  penis 
into  the  vagina. 

Immission  (im-mish'-un)  [immissio,  a  letting  in]. 
Introduction,  as  of  a  catheter. 

Immobilization  [im-mob-il-iz-a' '-shun)  [immobilis,  im- 
movable ,  in  make].  The  surgical  fixation  of 
a  part  (as  a  fractured  bone)  by  means  .that  prevent 
any  local  motion. 

Immortality  [im-mor-tal* '-it-e)  [immortalitas,  undying- 
nessl.  Exemption  from  death  ;  unending  existence. 
I.  of  Germ-cells.    See  Heredity;  also,  Germ-plasma. 

Immune  [im-mun')  [immunis,  safe],  i.  Safe  from  at- 
tack ;  protected  by  vaccination,  or  some  analogous 
procedure,  or  by  previous  illness.  2.  A  person  who  is 
pri  il  i      virus.     I.  Animal.    See 

•  iment. 

Immunity  (im-mun'-it-e)  [immunitas,  exemption].  The 
<  ondition  of  an  organ,  or  of  the  body,  whereby  it  resists 
;  until    of    infectious    or   morbid    pi 
inoculation  of  ed   virus    and  of  chemic 

imples  oi    methods  by  which    im- 
munity is  acquired,    h  has  also  been  shown  that  inflam- 


IMMUNIZATION' 


605 


IMPLANTATION 


matory  action  is  inhibitive  of  bacterial  development. 
I.,  Acquired,  that  derived  from  a  previous  attack  of 
the  same  disease  or  from  a  modified  form,  as  varioloid, 

■  or  artificially  produced  bj  inoculation.     I.,  Artificial, 
that  produced  by  inoculation  with  the  virus  of  adisi 
I.,  Natural,  tin-  natural  resistance  of  tin-  tissues  <>r 
system.     Immunization    maj    !"•    transient   or  perma- 
nent, relative  or  absi  ilute. 

Immunization  [im-mun-iz-a1 'shun)  [immunitas,  ex- 
emption]. The  act  or  pro.,--  oi  endowing  with  im- 
munity. ' 

Immunize  [imf-mun-lz)  [immunis,  exempt].  To  give 
or  d  i  acquire   immunity. 

Impact  [im'-paki)  [impactus  :  impingere,  to  drive  into  or 
against],      A  forcible  striking  against. 

Impacted  [im-pak' -ted)  [impactus ;  impingere,  to  drive 
into  or  against].  Driven  against  and  retained,  as  a 
wedge.  I.  Fracture,  one  in  which  the  fragments  of 
bone  are  driven  into  one  another  in  such  a  manner  as 
to  cause  shortening. 

Impaction  [im-pak' 'shun)  [impactio,  impact].  The 
state  or  quality  of  being  impacted;  fracture  with  fixa- 
tion of  the  fragment-;  obstinate  constipation;  the 
wedging  of  the  fetal  head  in  the  pelvic  canal. 

Impalement  [im-pal* -ment)  [in,  in  ;  pal,  a  pale  or 
picket].  The  perforation  of  the  body  or  a  part  by  a 
rod  or  stake. 

Impalpable  [im-palf -pa-bl)  [impalpabilis,  impalpable]. 
That  which  cannot  be  felt ;  unappreciable  by  touch. 
I.  Powder,  a  powder  so  fine  that  its  separate  particles 
cannot  be  felt. 

Impalsy  [im-pawl'-ze)  [in,  in;  ME..,  palsey,  palsy]. 
To  paralyze. 

Impaiudism  [im-pal' '-u-dizm)  [in,  in  ;  palus,  a  marsh]. 
Chronic  malarial  poisoning. 

Impar  [im'-par)  [in,  not;  pur,  equal].  Odd  or  unequal. 
I.,  Ganglion,  a  small  ganglion  on  the  coccyx.  See 
Ganglia,  Table  of 

Imparipinnate  [im-par-ip-inr -at)  [////par,  unequal; 
pinnatus,  feathered].  In  biology,  unequally  pinnate  ; 
having  an  odd  leaflet  at  the  apex. 

Impatiens  [im-pa' -she-enz)  [I...  impatient].  Touch- 
me-not;  jewel-weed  or  balsamine ;  a  genus  of  gera- 
niaceous  plants.  I.  balsamina  and  I.  lutea,  of 
the  old  world,  and  I.  fulva  and  I.  pallida,  of  the 
U.  S. ,  are  diuretic,  emetic,  and  cathartic.      Unof. 

Impatiinid  [im-pa' '-te-in-id)  [impatiens,  impatient].  A 
resinous  emetic  principle  obtainable  from  Impatiens 
lutea.      Unof. 

Impennate  [im-pen'-at)  [in,  not; pennatus,  winged]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  such  birds,  as  the  penguin,  as 
have  short  wings  covered  with  scale-like  feathers. 

Impennous  [im-pen'-us)  [in,  not ;  penna,  wing].  In 
biology,  without  wings. 

Imperative  [im-per' -at-iv)  [imperativus,  imperative]. 
Peremptory  ;  absolute;  binding.  I.  Idea.  See  Idea, 
Imperati 

Imperatoria  [im-per-at-o' '-re-ah)  [imperatorius,  be- 
longing to  a  commander].  A  genus  of  umbelliferous 
plants;  masterworts.  I.  ostruthium,  false  pellitory 
of  Spain,  is  an  aromatic  stimulant,  once  prized  as  a 
polychrest  remedy,  but  now  little  used.      Unof. 

Imperfection  [im-per-fek' shun)  [imperfectus,  imper- 
fect].     A  physical  defect. 

Imperforate  [im-per' '-for-at)  [in,  not ;  perforare,  to 
pierce].  Congenitally  and  abnormally  closed ;  applied 
to  an  opening  of  the  body,  as  the  ami-,  vagina,  etc. 
See  Occlusion  and  Obstruction. 

Imperforation  {im-per-for-a' shun)  [imperforatio  ;  /'//, 
not;  peYforare,  to  bore  through] .  Occlusion;  applied 
especially  to  the  anus,  hymen,  vagina,  etc. 

Imperial   [im-per -re-al)    [imperialis,    pertaining  to  an 


empire].     Sovereign  ;  commanding.     I. -blue.     Same 
Spirit-blue.       I.    Drink    or    Draft,  potus    imper- 
ial) ition  of  a    ball  ounc<    of  potassium   bitar- 

trate  in  three  pints  of  hot  water,  to  which  are  added 
four  ounces  of  sugar  and  half  an  ounce  ol  in  »h  lemon  - 
peel.  It  is  a  good  diuretic  and  refrigerant  drink. 
I  nof.  I.  granum,  a  farinaceous  food  tor  infants. 
It-  composition  is:  Water  S-t'»,  fat  i.oi,  a  trace 
each    of   gi  ar    and    cam  tarch    ;v 

soluble  carbohydrates  ;  56,  albuminoids  10.51,  gum, 
cellulose.  ,tc.,  0.50,  ash  1.16.  I. -green.  Same 
a-  Schweinfurth  jreen.  I. -violet.  Same  as  Rosan- 
/'//'// 

Imperialin  [im-pe'-re  al-in)  [imperialis,  pertaining  to  an 
empire].  An  alkaloid  from  Fritillaria  imperialis,  or 
crown  imperial  ;   it  acts  upon  the  heart.      Unof. 

Impermeable  [im-per1 '-me-a-bl )  [in,  not ;  per,  through  ; 
meare,  to  go].      Not  capable-  of  being  traversed. 

Impervious  [im-per7 -ve-us)  [in,  not;  pervius,  capable 
of  passage].      Not  permitting  a  passage  through. 

Impetiginoid   [im-pet-ij :/ '-in-oid)    [impetigo,    impetigo; 
impetere,  to  attack;   eldog,   like].     Same  as   / 
nous. 

Impetiginous  [im-pet-ij  f -in-us)  [impetigo;  i/i/petere,  to 
attack].      Affected  with  or  resembling  impetigo. 

Impetigo  [im-pet-i' '-go)  [impetigo;  in/petere,  to  at- 
tack]. An  acute  inflammatory  skin-disease  character- 
ized by  one  or  more  pea-sized  or  finger-nail  sized, 
discrete,  rounded,  and  elevated  firm  pustules,  unat- 
tended, as  a  rule,  by  itching  or  other  subjective  symp- 
toms. The  pustules  are  rounded,  with  thick  walls, 
and  are  surrounded  by  areola;.  They  appear  suddenly, 
and  come  out  one  after  another  during  the  first  week 
of  the  attack,  attain  full  size,  and  then  undergo  ab- 
sorption or  crusting.  No  scar  or  pigmentation  fol- 
lows. The  disease  is  likely  to  occur  in  children.  I. 
annua.  See  Aleppo  Boil.  I.  capitis.  Same  as 
Eczcn/a  capitis.  I.  contagiosa,  Porrigo  eo//ta^riosa  ; 
an  acute,  inflammatory,  contagious  disease,  due  to  the 
presence  of  a  microorganism,  and  characterized  by 
the  appearance  of  vesico-pustules  or  blebs,  that  dry 
into  flat,  straw-colored,  granular-looking  crusts.  The 
disease  occurs  usually  in  children.  The  vesicles  vary 
in  size  from  minute  points  to  that  of  a  quarter  of  a 
dollar,  and  the  contents,  at  first  serous,  become  sero- 
purulent,  and  then  dry  up.  The  disease  is  most  prone 
to  attack  the  face  and  hands.  I.,  Duhring's,  differs 
from  the  foregoing  by  being  non-infectious.  See  Dis- 
eases, Table  of.  I.  erysipelodes,  an  old  term  for 
Eczei/ia  pustulosum,  with  deeper  inflammation  than 
usual.      I.granulata.     Same  as  is.       I.  her- 

petiformis, Herpes  pyamicus  ;  a  very  rare  disease  of  the 
skin,  characterized  by  the  formation  of  superficial  mili- 
ary pustules,  that  may  be  discrete,  but  are  usually  closely 
set.  The  contents  of  the  pustules  are  at  first  opaque, 
but  become  greenish-yellow,  and  dry  up  into  dirty- 
brown  crusts.  The  disease  spreads  until  the  whole 
surface  is  covered  with  swollen,  crusted,  and  excori- 
ated patches.  It  develops  first  on  the  inner  side  of 
the  thighs,  and  about  the  groins,  navel,  breasts,  and 
axilla-,  and  is  mainly  seen  in  pregnant  women.  The 
termination  is  fatal,  as  a  rule.  I.  rodens,  an  old  term 
for  a  carcinomatous  disease  of  the  skin.  I.  scabida, 
an  old  term  for  Eczema  pustulosum,  with  unusually 
thick  crusting.  I.  sparsa,  an  old  term  for  small, 
scattered  patches  of  Eczema  pustulosum.  I.,  Syph- 
ilitic.    See  Syphilid,  Impetiginous. 

Impetus  [im'-pe-tus)  [!-•]•  I-  Force  or  momentum.  2. 
The  onset  or  attack  of  a  disease,  or  of  a  paroxysm. 

Implantation  [im-plan-ta'shun)  [implantatio  ;  in,  in  ; 
plantare,  to  set].  The  act  of  setting  in.  Also,  the 
transplantation  of  a  tooth  from  the  jaw  of  one  person 


[NCAR]  \l     BONE 


I  . 

'■- 

I  bat    which 

1     Fluid  Mil. 

ity, 

.    to 

I    o:  »nta- 

osthumate 

isthumc  form 

>tcncc  .  to  be  able]. 

ly  to  male  incapacity 

It   i-  variously   qualified    as   atonic, 

tral  exhaustion;  paralytic 

that  leads  to  the  perform - 

ai.  : .  hie,  when  clue 

ental    disturbance;    symp- 
,or  t<>  a  disturbance  of 

Impregnation  i    \impr agnatic/,    the 

nil  child].     The  state  of  being  preg- 

fecundation  ;  fertili- 

Imp:  I    ].     An  impression.      I. 

colica.  i  surface  of  the  right 

;  the  hepatic  flexure  of  the  colon. 

1    renalis,  an  ii  .  behind  the  /.  colica  for  the 

ule. 

Impression  m)    \impressio ;  imprimere,   to 

].     A   hollow   or  depression.     I. -cup,  in 

■    metal,   porcelain,    gutta- 

for  i  onveying  to  the 

a  the  material  for  impres- 

I      Digital,  the  mark    made   by  the  pressure 

>  upon  the  neck 
in  I..  Rhomboid,  a  hrwad  impression 

•  ii  le,  near  the  sternal 
imboid  ligament. 

I*npn  .  .in  mi 

isions.       I. 
"'     "  it   in  which  it  i-  very 

Impressonu: 


num. 


[I..].  Ll    of 


Im 


in,  nut  ; 
Not 

ling  upon  it       I., 

n 

I     Morbid. 


impulsi  iously  qualified,  as  animal,  destructive, 

.:',//,  uncontrollable,  etc. 
Impulsion  [im-pul' -shun)  [impellei    ,  to   impel].     The 
of  driving  <>r  urging  onward,   either  mentall)  oi 

physically. 
Impurity  [im-pu' '-rit-e)  [in,  not ;  purus,pwce  or  clean]. 

Want  nl  purity  or  cleanliness.     In  chemistry,  the  con 

dition  of  containing  -nine  substance  other  than  that 
Adulteration.     In  medicine,  a  want  of  cleai 
-  in  the  sounds  ol   the   heart,  but  not  sufficient  to 
murmur. 
Imputability   [im-pu-tab-il'-it-e)   [imptttabilitas,  imput 

ability].       In    legal   medicine,   that  degree  of  mental 

soundness  that  makes  one  responsible  for  his  own  acts. 
In-   [I..].     A   prefix  signifying  in  or  within.    Also,  a 

particle  signifying  negation. 
-in,  or  -ine  [in).    A  suffix  seen  in  the  names  of  the  hal- 
ogen   elements,  chlorin,  bromin,  iodin,    and  fluorin. 

Also,  a  distinctive  termination  used  to  distinguish  oi 

ganic  bases,  particularly  the  class  known  as  alkaloids. 

It   is  also  loosely  applied  to  certain  organic  radicles, 

and  to   man}-  glucosids. 
Inadequacy    [in-adr -e-qwa-se)    [in,  not ;  adaquare,  to 

make    equal].     Same    as    Insufficiency.       I.,  Renal, 

that  state  of  the  kidney  in  which  it  is  unable  to  remove 

from    the   blood   a  sufficient   proportion  of  the    effete 

matters  that  are  normally  excreted  by  it. 
Inanagenesis  [in-an-aj-en' -es-is)  [ic>  liber;  avd, again; 

ytvea  <  .  production].      The  renewal  or  regeneration  of 

muscular  Si 
Inanaphysis    [in-an-af '-is-is)    [7c,    fiber;  a vii,  again ; 

V  <7"- ■'•  growth].      Same  as  Inanagenesis. 
Inanimate  [in-an' '-im-dt)  [in,  not ;  animus,  life].   Not 

animate;    dead;    without  life. 
Inanition    {in-an-isk' '-un)    [inanire,  to    make  empty]. 

Emptiness  of  the  organs  of  digestion  from  want  of  food. 

Also,  wasting  of  the  body  from  starvation  or  disease. 

Synonym  of  Fasting. 
Inantherate    [in-an' '-tAer-Ot)    [/;/,    without;    anther  a, 

anther].      In  biology,  destitute  of  anthers. 
Inantinial  [in-an-tin' -e-al)  [iviov,  the  nape  of  the  neck  ; 

avri,  against;  Ivlov,  the  nape  of  the  neck].     Inio-an- 

tinial ;   pertaining  to  the  inion  and  the  antinion. 
Inappendiculate    [in-ap-en-dik1 '-u-lat)     \_i>i,    without  ; 

appendicula,    dim.  of  appendix,  an    appendage].      In 

biology,  destitute  of  appendages. 
Inappetence    [in-ap/ -et-ens)    [in,    not;  appetcre,  to  de- 
sire].     Loss  or  want  of  appetite. 
Inappetentia  [in-ap-et-en* -she-ah)   [L.].     Synonym  of 

Anorexia. 
Inarticulate    [in  ar-lik' '-u-lat)    [in,   not ;   articulus,    a 

joint].    Not  jointed  or  articulated.   Also,  vocal  sounds 

not  capable  of  arrangement  into  syllables,  or  of  being 

understood. 
Inassimilable  [in-as-imf -il-a-bl)  [in,  not;  assimuldre, 

to  make  like].      Incapable  of  assimilation. 
Incandescent   [in-kan-des'-ent)    [incandescere,  to   be 

come     white-hot].       Emitting    luminous     heat-rays; 

heated  to   the  degree  of  emitting  lijjht.     I.   Electric 

Light,  one  consisting  of  a  film  of  carbon  of  high  re 
i  ince  enclosed  in  a  vacuous  glass  globe.      The  film 

emits  a  white  light  when  the  current  passes  through  it. 
Incapacity    [in-kap-as/-it-e).     See  Doli  incapax \  also 

Impotence. 
Incarcerated    [in-kar' -ser-a-ted)    [incarcerare,  to    im- 

prison].     Imprisoned;  closely  constricted. 
Incarceration    [in-kar-ser-a' -shun)    [incarceratio ;   in, 

in;    cat  to  imprison].     The  condition  of  im- 

prisonment  or  confinement   of  a  part,   as  of  the  pla- 

cent  1 1,.,  Hernia. 

Incarial  Bone  [in-ka'-ri  a/)[Peruvian,  Ima,  a  prince]. 

The    interparietal  bone;   usually  in  adult  man  a  pari 


[NCARN  \  1  I" 


607 


INCREMEN1 


of  the  occipital  bone.  It  is  called  incarial,  because, 
in  the  skeletons  of  ancienl  Peru,  the  land  of  the  In- 
cas,  u  is  often  persistent  as  a  distinct  bone. 

Incarnatio    [in-kar-na' '-she-o)    [L.].     <  on  version  into 
flesh.      I.    unguis,    the  ingrowing   "I  a    nail. 
Onyckogryphi 

Incarnation  [in-kar-na' -shun  .  1.  Granulation;  heal- 
ing process.     2.   See  Conception. 

Incarnification  [in-kar-nif-ik-a'-shun).  Same  as  In- 
carnation. 

Incasement  [in  kasr-ment)  [in,  in  ;  ME.,  casse,a  box]. 
The  act  of  inclosing  in  a  case.  Incasement,  Encase- 
ment, Theory  of,  the  doctrine  that  the  ovum  or  sp<  r 
matozoid  of  the  first  animal  <>l  each  species  incased  the 
germs  of  all  subsequent  individuals  of  the  species. 
This  theory  was  also  called  that  of  Preformation.  Cf. 
Evolution. 

Incest  (in'-sest)  [incestus,  not  chaste].  Carnal  inter- 
course between  persons  of  near  relationship. 

Inch  [ME.,  inche,  inch].  The  twelfth  part  of  a  foot. 
It  equals  25.39954  millimeters. 

Incidence  [in* -sid-ens)  [incidere,  to  fall  upon],  A 
falling  upon.  The  direction  in  which  one  body  strikes 
another.  I.,  Line  of,  the  path  of  a  ray  or  a  projec- 
tile. I.,  Point  of,  the  point  upon  which  the  ray  or 
projectile  is  reflected  or  strikes. 

Incident  [in'-sid-ent)  [incidere,  to  fall  upon].  Falling 
upon. 

Incineration  [in-sin-er-a'-shun)  [in,  in  ;  cineres, ashes]. 
The  process  of  heating  organic  substances  in  contact 
with  the  air  until  all  organic  matter  is  driven  oft,  and 
only  the  mineral  ash  remains. 

Incised  [in-sizd')  [inddere,  to  cut].  Cut  or  notched. 
I.  Wound,  one  made  by  a  sharp-edged  instrument. 

Incisiform  [in-sif -sif-orm)  [incisor,  incisor;  forma, 
form].      In  biology,  resembling  an  incisor  tooth. 

Incision  (in-sizA'-un)  [incisio,  or  incisura,  an  incision]. 
The  act  of  cutting  into  any  tissue  of  the  body. 

Incisive  [in-si/-siv)  [incidere,  to  cut].  Having  the 
quality  of  cutting.  Pertaining  to  the  incisor  teeth. 
I.  Canal.  See  Canal.  I.  Foramina.  See  Foramen. 
I.  Fossa.     See  Fossa.      I.  Teeth.     See  Incisor. 

Incisor  [in-si* -sor)  [incidere,  to  cut].  Any  cutting  in- 
strument. I.  Nerve,  the  branch  of  the  inferior  dental 
nerve  supplying  the  incisor  and  canine  teeth.  See 
Nerves,  Table  0/.  I.  Teeth,  the  four  most  anterior 
teeth  in  each  jaw. 

Incisura  [in-si-su* -rak)  [incidere,  to  cut  into].  A 
notch.  Also,  an  incision.  I.  cerebelli,  one  of  two 
notches  separating  the  hemispheres  of  the  cerebellum, 
the  one  in  front  and  the  other  behind.  I.  inter- 
tragica,  the  deep  notch  in  the  pinna  of  the  ear  separ- 
ating the  tragus  and  the  anti-tragus.  I.  santorini, 
a  fissure  extending  in  a  vertical  direction  through  the 
cartilage  of  the  auditory  canal. 

Incisure  (in-sizk'-ur)  [incisus,  p.  p.  <>t  incidere,  to  cut 
into].  A  slit  or  notch.  I.'s  of  Schmidt  and  Lau- 
termann,  oblique  lines  running  across  the  white  sub- 
stance of  the  inter-annular  segments  of  stretched  me- 
dullated  nerve-fibers. 

Inclaudent  [in-klaw1 '-dent)  [in,  not ;  claudere,  to  close]. 
In  biology,  not  closing. 

Included  (in-klud'-cd )  [in,  in;  claudere,  to  shut  in]. 
Applied  to  stamens  or  pistils  that  do  not  project  be- 
yond the  corolla,  but  are  contained  within  it. 

Inclusio  fcetalis  [in-klu'-ze  -0  fe-ta'-lis)  [1-].  A  form 
of  fetal  parasitism  in  which  the  parasite  is  more  or 
less  included  and  overgrown  by  the  tissues  of  the  au- 
tosite. 

Inclusion  [in-klu'-zkun)  [includere,  to  enclose  or  shut 
in].  The  state  of  being  shut  in.  Also,  the  act  of 
shutting  in;  that  which  is  shut  in. 


Incoagulable  [in-ko-ag,-u-la-bl)[in,  not;  coagulare,to 

curdle].      That  which  will  not  curdle  or  coagulate. 

Incoherence  [in-ko-hlr1 -ens)  [incoharenlia ;  in,  not; 
coke  '   cling  together].     The   quality  of  b 

incoherent  ;  absence  of  connection  of  ideas   or  of  lan- 
guage ;  incongruity  or  im  1  m  e  of  diction. 

Incoherent  [in-ko-he' -rent)  [in,  not  ;  coke  ■  -.tick 

together].       Not    connected    or    coherent;     without 
ability  to  preserve  that  sequence  of  words  or  of  id 
that  is  m  to  convey  meaning. 

Incombustibility     [in-com-bus-tib-W '-it-e)     [in,     not; 
to  burn  up].     The  state  of  being  incombus 
tible. 

Incombustible  [in-com-bus' '-lib-l)  [in,  not;  combu 
to  burn  up].      Incapable  of  burning. 

Income  [in'-kum)  [ME.,  income,  income].  The 
amount  of  food  taken  per  diem. 

Incompatibility  (in  kom-pat-ib-ilf  -it-e)  [in.  not ;  com- 
patibilis,  compatible].  That  relation  between  medi- 
cines that  renders  their  admixture  unsuitable  This 
incompatibility  may  be  physiologic,  chemic, physical, 
or  therapeutic. 

Incompatible  [in  kom-pat' -ib-l)  [in,  not  ;  compatibilis, 
endurable].  Incapable  of  mixture  without  undergo- 
ing such  chemic  or  physical  changes  as  impair  or 
destroy  the  usefulness  of  the  compound  ;  physiologi- 
cally antagonistic,  and  therefore  useless  to  prescribe. 

Incompetence,  Incompetency  [in-kom' -pet-ens,  in- 
kom' '-pe-ten-se)  [in,  not ;  competere,  to  be  capable  ;  in 
competens,  insufficient].  Incapacity;  inadequacy. 
Inability  to  perform  natural  functions.  I.,  Mental,  a 
disorder  of  mind  sufficient  to  produce  irresponsibility. 
I.,  Aortic,  Mitral,  Pulmonary,  Tricuspid.  See 
Endocarditis.      I.,  Valvular.      See  Insufficiency. 

Incomplete  [in-kom-plef)  [in,  not;  computus,  com- 
plete]. Partial,  as  an  incomplete  hernia.  I.  Cop- 
ulation. See  Coitus  reservatus.  I.  Hernia.  See 
Hernia . 

Incongruence  [in-kon/-gru-ens]  [incongruens,  incon- 
sistent], lack  of  congruence.  I.,  Retinal,  lack 
of  correspondence  in  the  situation  of  the  percipient 
elements  of  the  two  retina;. 

Incongruity  [in-kon-gru* '-it-e)  [in,  not;  congruere,  to 
go  together].  Absence  of  agreement  or  of  needful 
harmony. 

Incontinence  [in-kon' -tin-ens)  [in,  not;  continere,  to 
contain].  Inability  to  control  the  evacuation  of  the 
feces  or  the  urine  ;  involuntary  evacuation.  This  term 
is  sometimes  used  as  a  synonym  <  if  venereal  indulgence, 
lewdness.     I.,  Seminal.      See  Spermatorrhea. 

Incoordination  [in-ko-or-din-a' -shun)  [in,  not  ;  con, 
together;  ordinare,  to  order].  In  pathology,  the 
inability  to  produce  voluntary  muscular  movements  in 
proper  order  or  sequence;  lack  of  harmony  between 
the  will  and  the  muscular  activity.  I.  of  Ocular 
Muscles.     Sec  Insufficiency. 

Incorporation  [in-kor-por-a' '-shun)  [in.  in  ;  corpu<,  a 
body].  The  process  of  intimately  mixing  the  particles 
of  different  bodies  into  a  practically  homogeneous 
mass. 

Incrassate  [in-kras/-at)  [in,  in;  crassare,  to  make 
thick].      In  biology,  thickened  or  swollen. 

Incrassation  [in-kras-a' -shun)  [incrassatio ;  in,  in; 
crassus,  thick].  The  process  of  making  thick,  a.-  by 
inspissation  ;   enlargement  of  a  part,  due  to  fatness. 

Incrassative  [in-kras' -at-iv)  [incrassare,  to  make 
thick].  I.  Having  the  power  to  make  thick  or 
thicker.  2.  Formerly  a  medicine  supposed  to  correct 
a  thinness  of  the  humors. 

Incremation  [in-kre-ma' -shun).     See  Cremation. 

Increment  [in' '-kre-ment)  [incrementum,  growth].  In 
crease  1  »r  growth. 


INDIA 


I.  Lii 


].       In 

*]• 

A 
i  cultivation 

I 

born.    1. 1 

•h  double  walls,  be- 

be 

ma 
.  with  two  compa 
.  the  other,  and  lower 
ith  warm   water,  so  as  to 
1  . 


•  ") 

upon].      In  hiul- 
r  the  ba 

i     Nightmare  :  ephialtes. 
mon     that    beset 
nsort 
1    v  .;  lantium.  lymare. 

Relating 


incus].     In    biol 

position, 
I.-malleal 

I.-orbicula: 

I.-stape- 
I.-tym- 
tnpanum. 

for]. 
■ 

|.      In   bi- 


(fr)  A  portion  of  the 


\   substance   formed 
acid.      It    crystallizes 

'  at  1460 


if  the  1 


the   middle  car  of  a  mammal ; 
mouth-parts  of  a  rotifi  1 

IndazoK  •   '  .'  '•  x 

by    heating    hydrazin-cinnamic 

a  hot  water  in  colorless  ueedles,  melting 

ng  at  .270°  C. 

Indecent  I    [indecens,   unbecoming].     Not 

I.  Exposure.    Sec  Exhibitionism. 

Indecision  V-un)\in,  not;  decisio ;  decidere, 

,,,  de(  ide  I       Morbid  irresolution  ;  want  of  firmness  or 

.  ill  ;  abulia  oi  hypobulia. 

Indehiscent  '  ent)  [in,   not;  kiscere,  to  gap]. 

In  biology,  not  opening  spontaneously. 
Indene  {in-din'),  C9H8.      A   hydrocarbon  that  occurs 
with  coumarone  in  that  fraction  of  coal-tar  boiling  at 
C.      It   is  a  clear  oil,  boiling  at  I77°-I78° 
C       It-  sp.  gr.  is  1.040  at  150  C. 
Indentation  \in-den-ta' -shun)  [in,  in;  dens,  a  tooth]. 
A    condition    of    being    notched    or    serrated.      I.   of 
Tongue,  the  notching  of  the  borders  of  the  tongue 
made  by  the  teeth,  and  visible  especially  during  in- 
flammation of  the  tongue. 
Index  {inf-deks)  [L.].      The  first  finger.     Also,  the  re- 
lation   or   ratio  of  one    part   to   another,    taken    as  a 
tdard.     I.,    Altitudinal,    the    height   of    a   skull 
multiplied    by    IOO    and    divided    by    it--    length.      I., 
Alveolar,   the  degree  of  prominence  of   the    jaws, 
measured  bj  the  basi-alveolar  length  multiplied  by  100 
and    divided    by    the    basi-nasal    length.      When    the 
alveolar  index  is  less  than  98,  the  skull  is  orthognathic, 
when  more  than  103,  prognathic,  when  intermediate, 
mesognathic.     I.,    Basilar.     Same    as    /.,    Alveolar. 
I.  of  Breadth.     Same  as  I.  ,  Cephalic.      I.,  Cephalic, 
the  breadth  of  a  skull   multiplied   by  100  and  divided 
by  its    length.      When   this  is  below   75,  the  skull   is 
called    dolichocephalic,    when    above    80,  it    is  called 
brachy cephalic,   between    these  limits,   mesaticephalic. 
I.,  Cephalo-orbital,  the  ratio  of  the  solid  contents 
of  the  two  orbits  to  the  contents  of  the  cranial  cavity, 
multiplied  by  100.      I.,  Cephalo-spinal,  the  ratio  of 
the  measure  of  the  foramen  magnum  in  square  milli- 
meters  to   that  of  the   cranial   cavity  in  cubic   centi- 
meters, multiplied  by  100.     I.,  Cerebral,  the  ratio  of 
the  greatesl   transverse  to  the  greatest  antero-posterior 
diameter    of   the    cranial    cavity,    multiplied    by    100. 
I. -digit,  the  forefinger.      I.,  Facial,   the   ratio  of  the 
distance  of  the  ophryon  from  the  alveolar  point  to  the 
transverse  diameter  measured  from  one  zygoma  to  the 
other,  multiplied  by  ioo.    I. -finger,  the  forefinger.    I., 
Gnathic,  the  ratio  of  the  distance  between  the  basion 
and    the   alveolar  point    to  the   distance  between  the 
basion    and    the   nasal   point,    multiplied    by   IOO.     I., 
Nasal,  the  greatest  nasal  width  multiplied  by  100,  and 
divided  bythenasal  length.    When  the  nasal  index  ex- 
53,  the  nose  is platyrhine,  when  less  than  48,  it 
to  bi   leptorkine,  if  between  these  numbers,  meso- 
rhine.    I.,  Orbital,  the  orbital  height  multiplied  by  100 
and  divided  bytheorbital  width.    If  the  orbital  index  be 
ive  89,  il  is  called  megaseme,  if  under  84,  microseme, 
it  between,  mesoseme.     I.,  Refractive,  the  coefficient 
of  refraction.    I.,  Thoracic,  taken  at  its  widest  part  is 
100  times   the    sagittal,    divided    by    the    transverse 
:.t.     I.,  Vertical,  of  Height,  the  ratio  of 
the    vertical    diameter    of  the   skull    to    the   maximum 
antero  posterior  diameter,  multiplied  by  100. 
India   {in'-de-ah)    [Asiatic].      \   country   of  Asia.     t. 
Liver,  a  condition  of  hyperemia  and  enlargement  oi 
withgeneral  anemia  and  cachexia, 
.nd    irritable   and    irregular   pulsi 
I. -rubber,  the  prepared  concrete  juice  obtained  mainly 
from    an    Indian    tree,    Ficui    elasticus,   and   a   South 
American    tree,    Siphonia    elastic  a.     It    is    valuable 


INDIAN 


609 


INDIVIDUAL 


chiefly  for  its  elasticity  ami  ii-  insolubility  in  water.  It 
is  with  difficulty  soluble  in  oil  of  turpentine,  but  is  highly 
soluble  in  carbon  disulphid.  It  units  at  24S0  !•'. ,  and 
remains  unchanged  up  to  5000  F.  It  is  hardened  and 
used  in  mechanical  dentistry  as  a  base  for  artificial 
teeth.      It  is  also  called  Caoutchoui  ,  </.  v. 

Indian  {in/ -de-an)  [India"].  Pertaining  to  India,  the 
West  Indies,  or  to  the  aboriginal  Americans.  I.  Bas- 
ket, a  hollow  cylinder  woven  of  twigs  of  the  willow, 
orof  strips  of  other  wood,  used  in  applying  extension  to 
a  dislocated  limb.  Thegreater  the  extension,  the  more 
firmly  does  the  device  cling  to  the  surface.  I. -blue. 
Same  as  Indigo.  I.  Black-root,  the  rooti  if  Pterocaulon 
pyenostachium.  It  has  reputed  alterative  properties. 
Dose  of  the  fluid  extract  Tt^xv-xxx.  Unof.  I.  Corn. 
See  Zea  mays.  I.  Hemp.  Set-  Cannabis.  I.  Liquo- 
rice. See  Abrus.  I.  Physic,  American  Ipecac- 
uanha, the  bark  of  the  root  of  Gillenia  trifoliala,  a 
mild  emetic  and  cathartic.  Dose  of  the  fluid  extract, 
rr\_x-xl.  Unof.  I.  Sarsaparilla.  See  Hemidesmus. 
I.  Tobacco.  See  Lobelia.  I.  Turnip.  See  Dragon 
Root.  I.  Madder.  Same  as  Mungeet.  I.  Meal, 
corn-meal.  '  I.  Ochre.  Same  as  Ochre.  I.  Plague. 
Synonym  of  the  Plague,  q.  v.  I.  Potato.  See 
Apios.  I. -purple.  See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 
I. -red.  Same  as  Colcothar  and  Ochre.  I. -yellow. 
Same  as  Purree. 

Indican  (in'-dik-an)  [indicum,  indigo],  C,6H:]1N017. 
The  natural  glucosid  by  the  decomposition  of  which 
indigo-blue  is  produced  from  the  various  species  of 
indigo-producing  plants.  It  forms  a  transparent  brown 
syrup,  tlie  aqueous  solution  of  which  has  a  yellow 
color,  bitter  taste,  and  slightly  acid  reaction.  It  is 
occasionally  detected  in  the  urine. 

Indicant  [in' -dik-ant)  [indicans  :  indicare,  to  indicate]. 
I.  Serving  as  an  index  or  as  an  indication.  2.  A  fact 
or  symptom  that  indicates  a  certain  treatment  ;  an  indi- 
cation. 

Indicanuria  {in-dik-an-u' -re-aK)  [indicum,  indigo; 
ot'/w, urine] .    The  morbid  excess  of  indican  in  the  urine. 

Indication  (tn-dii-a' '-shun)  [indicatio,  an  indication]. 
A  sign  or  symptom,  especially  when  it  points  out  the 
proper  course  of  treatment ;  the  inference  drawn  from 
the  various  symptoms  or  signs  in  any  particular  case. 

Indicator  [inf -dik-a-tor)  [indicare,  to  point  out].  I. 
The  index-finger.  2.  The  extensor  indicis  muscle. 
See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Indicium  [in-disk' '-e-um)  [L.  :  pi.,  Indicia].  A  symp- 
tom or  sign  ;   a  discriminating  or  diagnostic  mark. 

Indifferent  {in-dif  f -er-ent)  [in,  not  ;  differens,  differ- 
ent]. I.  Not  specially  differentiated.  2.  Not  acted 
upon  in  a  special  way  by  any  reagent. 

Indifferentism  [in-dif /-er-ent-izm)  [in,  not;  differens, 
different].      Lack  of  special  differentiation. 

Indifulvin  [in-de-ful ' '-vin)  [Iv6ik6v,  indigo  ;  fulvus, 
yellow].  A  yellowish  substance  occurring  in  two  vari- 
eties, and  produced  by  the  action  of  dilute  acids  on 
indican. 

Indifuscin  (in-de-fus/-in)  [iv6uc6v,  indigo;  fuscus, 
dark],  CtII.,0N.,O9.  A  substance  produced  by  the  ac- 
tion of  dilute  acids  on  indican. 

Indigenous  [in-dij'-cn-us)  [indu,  in  ;  "ignere,  to  be- 
get]. Native,  and  not  exotic.  Originating  or  belong- 
ing to  a  certain  locality  or  country. 

Indigestion  {in-di-jes' '-chun)  [indigestio ;  in,  not; 
digerere,  to  digest].      Same  as  Dyspepsia. 

Indigitation  [in-dij-it-a' -shun)  [in,  in  ;  digitus,  a  fin- 
ger]. A  displacement  of  a  part  of  the  intestine  by  in- 
tussusception. 

Indiglucin    [in-de-glu' '-sin)     [Iv6ik6v,     indigo;    -//rsn. 
sweet],  6fiH]n0r>.      A  yellow  syrup,  one  of  the  decom- 
position products  of  indican. 
39 


Indiglycin  {in-de-gli'-sin).     Same  as  Indiglucin. 
Indigo   {in'-dig-d)    [Iviiieov,  indigo],     A  blue  pigment 
formed  during  the  fermentation  of  In  ■  anil,  I. 

tincioria,  and  other  species.      It  is  insoluble  in  alcohol 
or  water,  but    freely  soluble    in  strong  sulphuric  acid; 
it  1-  used  mainly  in  the  arts  as  a  dye-stuff.     Chemic- 
ally, it  i-  a  mixture  of     <  reral    principles,  tin-  chief 
being  a  blue  coloring-matter,  indigotin.     Therapeutic- 
ally, it    is  an   irritant  to  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
alimentary  tract,    producing  intense  nausea.       It  has 
been    used   advantageously   in  epilepsy,    chorea,  and 
convulsions,  in    doses    varying    from     3ij-^ij    daily. 
Unof.     I. -blue,  C|0HK(N.,< ).,.      Indigotin  ;  a  chromo 
gen  found  in  ordinary  indigo,  of  which  it  constituti  - 
the   principal   ingredient.      It   is    also    derived    from 
wood  {/satis   tincioria).      It  occurs    in    the   plant  as 
a  glucosid,  i ndican.      Indigo-blue  is  a  dark-blue  pow- 
der with  •  reddish  glimmer;    it   becomes  metallic  and 
copper-like  under  pressure.      It  is  insoluble  in  water, 
alcohol,  and  ether,  and  is  odorless  and  tasteless.      It 
dissolves  in  hot  anilin  with  a  blue  color,  and  crystallizes 
from   hot  oil   of  turpentine  in  beautiful    blue    plates. 
I. -brown,  a  resinous  substance  of  a  brown  color,  ob- 
tained by  boiling  an  aqueous  solution  of  indican  with 
an  acid.     It  is  composed  of  a  mixture  of  indihumin, 
C]0HyNO3,  and   indirhetin,    C18H17N05,    the    former 
soluble  and   the  latter   insoluble  in  alcohol.      I.-car- 
min,  a  sodium  salt  of  indigotin-disulphonic  acid  ;    it 
is  used  as  a  blue  dye,  a  washing-blue,  and  is  a  delicate 
test    for   sugar.       I.-carmin  Test    for    Sugar ;  put 
in  30  minims  of  water  one  part  each  of  indigo-carmin 
and   sodium  carbonate  ;   heat  gently  to  solution  ;   add 
one  drop  of  urine,  and  boil  quietly.      A  change  to  red 
or  yellow  indicates  sugar.       See  Tests,   Table  of.      I. 
Extract.     See  Indigo-carmin.       I.-red.      See   Indi- 
rubin.      I. -white,  CIfiH12N.,0.,.      Indigogen;    a  sub- 
stance obtained   by  the  reduction  of  indigo-blue.      It 
occurs  as  a  white  crystalline  powder,  soluble  in  alco- 
hol, ether,  and   the   alkalies,  with   a  yellowish   color. 
It  rapidly  reoxidizes  to  indigo-blue  by  exposure  to  the 
air.      I.,  Wild.     See  Baptisia. 
Indigogen  [in' ' -dig-o-jen).      See  Indigo-white  and  Uro- 

xanthin. 
Indigotin  [in-dig-o' '-tin).     See  Indigo-blue. 
Indigouria   (in-dig-o-td-re-aJi)   [IvdtK&v,   indigo;   ovpov, 
urine].      The  presence  of  indigo  in  the  urine  ;   it   is 
due  to  a  decomposition  of  indican.     See  Cyanurin. 
Indihumin  (in-de-hu'-min).     See  Indigo-broivn. 
Indirect    (iu-di-rekt')    [in,    not  ;     dirigere,   to  be  in    a 
straight  line].      Not  direct.      I.  Division  of   Cells. 
See  Karyokinesis.      I.   Segmentation.      See   Karyo- 
kinesis.     I.  Vision,  that  perception  of  an  object  in 
which   the  image   falls  on  some  other  spot  than  the 
macula. 
Indirhetin  [i>i-dir-e'-tin).     See  Indigo-brown. 
Indirubin  [in-de-ru' '-bin)  [Ivdtndv,  indigo ;  rubum,T&H\, 
(_',,. I I,(1N.,(  >.,.         A     substance    isomeric    with     indigo- 
blue,  and  very   similar  in   its  entire  character  to  this 
substance.      It  is  produced    by   effecting    the  conden- 
sation of   indoxyl    with   isatin  by  means    of  a    dilute 
soda-solution.      It   is  also  called  indigo-red. 
Indisin  (in* -dis-in\.     Same  as  Mauvein,q.v. 
Indisposition   {in-dis-po-zish' -un)   [inaispositio,  unsuit- 
ablenes-].       \ny    -light    illness  or  disturbance  of   the 
functions  of  the  body. 
Indissoluble  [in-dis/-o-lu-bl).      See  Insoluble. 
Indium    [in'-de-um)    [indicum,  indigo,  so-called  from 
its  indigo-blue  spectral  line].     A  rare  metal.      Symbol 
In.,   atomic  weight,  113.7.    It  is  very  soft,  and  resi  m- 
bles  lead  in  its  properties.      See  Elements,  Table  of. 
Individual    (in-div-id/-u-al)    [in.  not;   dividere,  to  di- 
vide].     A  single   being;   one   of  a  group   or   species. 


IN  DoC  EN 


610 


INFANTILISM 


L  Prep  *<  ■  ;• 


. 


:  i  \        V  |  roduct 

.  m  uli  alk; 

.In 

Indian  ; 

.in] 
1   to  ulcers,   tun. 

i  by  ih' 
,  I  HaS04> 

r/]. 
I. -blue.  nts, 

Indian; 
Sami  ri. 

.    >liarp], 

with  oxindol.    It  re- 

lioxid  from  indoxylic 

atile  in   aqueous   vaj 

ililc    in  wing     yellow     fluor- 

jxylic  Acid  d. 

Induced  [///.-.  1   into].      Made 

:iv  mean-.       I.  Cur- 

reni 

Inductio:  ,  to  lead 

in;  .in  abstract   law   or  pro- 

ific    or    ]  .articular    facts. 
I. -balance,  in  an   instrument   used   tor  the 

ik   to  affect  the  galvano- 

I. -current.       ;  I.,   Faradic. 

I.  of  Labor,  the  bringing  on  of  labor 

I. -coil. 

Inductorium  [L.,  a  covering].      A 

for  phys  imposes, 

-blue. 

,  indigo  matter]. 

m  They 

■  -blue   in  color,  and  ai 

■  I  amido-azo- 

1  .i ■■•.    are  also 

.  to   put    on 
bird  or  the 

[in,  in,  on;  duplicat 

.  or 
bent 

in;    du 

"I- 

I.  telae 
on] 


ture  ;  a  hardened  mass  or  lump.  I.,  Black.  See/., 
I.,  Brown,  a  hardening  of  lung-tissue,  with 
deposition  of  pigmentary  matter.  I.  of  Chancre, 
a  bard  nodule,  or  a  cup-like  ring,  about  the  margin  of  a 
chancre  or  syphilitic  ulcer.  I.,  Fibroid.  See/.,  Gray, 
and  Cirrhosis.  I.,  Granular.  See  Cirrhosis.  I., 
Gray,  the  appearance  of  the  lung  in  chronic  pneu- 
monia, the  cut  surface  of  the  lung  being  smooth, 
glistening,  gray,  and  dense.  It  is  also  called  black  or 
induration.  I.,  Red,  a  firm,  resistant,  red- 
dened condition  of  the  lung  in  chronic  pneumonia. 

Indusiate  [in-du' '-ze-dt)  [induere,  to  put  on].  In  bi- 
ology, having  an  indusium. 

Indusium  [in-du' -ze-um)  [induere,  to  put  on  :  />/.,  Ih- 
dusia~\.  i.  In  biology  :  (a)  that  portion  of  the  epider- 
misofa  fern  frond  that  covers  the  fruit-dots  orsori; 
[b)  tin1  case  or  covering  of  an  insect  larva.  2.  The 
vestigial  layer  of  the  cerebral  cortex  existing  with 
greater  or  less  distinctness  upon  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  callosum  ;  it  is  also  seen  in  many  other  mammals 
beside  man.      It  is  called  also  Indusium  griseum. 

Induviae  [in-du'--.', •-<•).  [L. ://.  Clothes].  In  biology, 
persistent  withered  leaves. 

Induviate  [in-du' -ve-dt)  [induvia,  clothes].  In  biology, 
clothed  with  old  or  withered   parts. 

Inebriant  [in-e'-bre-ant)[inebrians  ;  inebriare,  to  make 
drunk],  i.  Intoxicant;  causing  inebriation.  2.  An 
agent  or  drug  that  causes  inebriation. 

Inebriation  [in-e  bre-a'-shun)  [inebriation  inebriate, 
to  make  drunk].      The  condition  of  drunkenness. 

Inebriety  [in-e-bri'-et-e)  [inebrietas,  drunkenness].  In- 
ebriation ;   especially  habitual  drunkenness. 

Inedia  [in-e'-de-ah)  [in,  not;  edere,  to  eat].  Synonym 
of  Fasting. 

Inein  [in'-e-in).  A  crystalline  substance  obtained  from 
the  hairs  of  the  seeds  of  Stropkanthus . 

Inenucleable  [in-e-nu' -kle-a-bl)  [in,  not ;  enudeare, 
to  shell  out].      Nol  removable  by  enucleation. 

Inequivalve  [in-e-kwi'-valv)  [in,  not ;  equus,  equal ; 
valva,  the  leaf  of  a  door].  In  biology,  applied  to 
shells  having  unequal  valves. 

Inerm  [in-erm')  [in,  without;  artna,  arms].  In  biol- 
ogy, without  hooks,  thorns,  or  prickles  ;    unarmed. 

Inertia  [in-er'-she-ah)  [iners,  inactive,  unskilled  ;  in, 
not;  ars,  skill].  Sluggishness.  In  physics,  the  ina- 
bility of  matter  to  change  its  condition  except  by 
means  of  an  external  force.  In  physiology,  inactivity 
of  any  organ  or  function  of  the  body.  I.  of  Drugs, 
lack  of  power,  from  inferior  quality,  to  produce  cus- 
tomarj  physiologic  reactions.  I.,  Intestinal,  torpor 
of  intestinal  action,  or  peristalsis.  I.,  Time.  See 
Time.  I.,  Uterine,  the  failure  or  sluggishness  of 
uterine  contractions  in  labor. 

In  extremis   [in  eks-tre'-mis)   [in,   in  ;   extremis,  last]. 
A   Latin  phrase,  meaning  at  the  end;  at  the  point  of 
ih  or  in  extreme  dangi  r  of  speedy  death. 

Infancy  [in'-fan-se)  [infans,  a  little  child].  Early 
childhood.  I.,  Diseases  of,  those  to  which  infants 
are  peculiarly  liable. 

Infant  [in'-fant)  [infans,  a  little  child] .  A  babe.  Accord- 
ing to  English  law,  one  not  having  attained  the  age  of 
twenty-one.  I..  Overlaying  of,  suffocation  of  an 
infant  by  the  lying  upon  it  of  an  adult  in  sleep. 
I. -shelter,  a  day  nursery  where  the  infant-children 
o|  working  mothers  are  kept  at  a  moderate  expense 
dui  i   labor.      In  fiance,  a  crlche. 

Infanticide    [in-fanf  [infans,    a    little    child; 

.  to  kill].     The  murder  of  an  infant. 

Infantile   [in' -fan-til)   [infantilis,  of  an  infant].      Per- 
I.  Paralysis.    See  Paralysis. 

Infantilism  [in-fan' -til-izm)  [infans,  a  Kttle  child]. 
The  persistence  of   the  characters  of  childhood  into 


[NFARCT 


(ill 


INFLORESCEN<  E 


the   period  of    normal    adolescence  or  even  into  adult 
life. 

Infarct  (in-farktf)  [infarcire,  to  till  in].  An  obstruc- 
tion or  plug.  I.,  Anemic,  a  pale  wedge-shaped  area 
in  an  organ  due  to  the  occlusion  of  a  blood  vessel 
by  an  embolus,  the  tissues  in  tin-  distribution  of  tin; 
vessel  undergoing  coagulation  necrosis.  I.,  Hemor- 
rhagic, a  dark-red  wedge-shaped  area  in  an  organ  due 
to  the  occlusion  of  a  vessel  by  an  embolus,  with  the 
subsequent  extravasation  of  blood  into  the  tissues  be- 
yond the  point  of  obstruction.  The  base  of  the  wedge 
is  toward  the  periphery,  the  apex  toward  the  hiluin  oi 
the  organ.  The  condition  is  most  common  in  the 
spleen,  the  kidney,  and  the  lung.  I.,  Uric  Acid,  the 
deposition  of  crystals  of  uric  acid  in  the  renal  tubules 
of  the  newborn. 

Infarction  \in-fark' 'shun)  [infarcire,  to  stuff  in].  The 
plugging  of  a  vessel  by  an  embolus;  the  masses  of 
extravasated  blood  in  the  tissues  in  embolism  ;  obstruc- 
tion ;    infarct. 

Infarctus  [in-farkt -tus) .     See  Infarct. 

Infect  \in-fekt' )  [inflcere,  to  put  in,  or  corrupt].  To 
communicate  or  transmit  the  specific  virus  or  germs  of 
disease. 

Infection  [in-fek1 -shun)  [infectio,  infection].  The 
communication  of  disease-germs  or  virus,  by  any 
means,  direct  or  indirect. 

Infectious  [in-fek1 'shus)  [infectio,  infection].  Having 
the  quality  of  transmitting  disease  or  the  agents  that 
cause  disease.  See  also  Contagious.  I.  Endocardi- 
tis, ulcerative  endocarditis  ;  malignant  endocarditis. 
I.  Pseudo-rheumatism.     See  Pseudo-rheumatism. 

Infective  [in-fekr -tiv)  [infectio,  infection].  Infectious. 
I.  Angioma.     See  Angioma  serpiginosum. 

Infectivity  [in-fek-tit/  it-,)  [inflcere,  to  infect].  In- 
fectiousness ;  the  quality  of  being  infectious. 

Infecundity  [in-fe-kun' '-dii-e)  [in,  not  ;  feeundus, irxni- 
ful].      Sterility,  barrenness. 

Inferent  [in'-fer-ent).     Same  as  Afferent. 

Inferior  {in-fe* '-re-or)  [comp.  of  inferus,  low].    Lower. 

Inferius  [in-fef -re-us)  [I..].      Inferior. 

Infero-lateral  [in' -fer-o-lat ' -er-al)  [inferus,  low; 
latus,  side].      Situated  below  and  to  one  side. 

Infero-posterior  [in* '-fer-o-pos-te' '-re-or)  [inferus,  low  ; 
posterius,  posterior].      Situated   backward  and   below. 

Infertility  \in-fer-til' -it-e)  [in,  not;  fertilis,  fertile]. 
Same  as  Sterility. 

Infibulation  [in-fib-u-lar -shun)  [in,  in;  fi bula,  a  clasp] . 
An  operation  formerly  employed  to  prevent  the  retrac- 
tion of  the  prepuce  over  the  glans  penis  in  order  to 
prevent  copulation.  It  consisted  in  pacing  a  ring 
through  opposite  edges  of  the  prepuce.  In  a  similar 
manner  a  ring  was  passed  through  the  labia  of  the 
vagina  in  order  to  insure  the  chastity  of  females. 

Infiltrate  {in'-fil-trdt)  [in,  in;  filtrare,  to  strain].  To 
ooze  into  the  interstitial  spaces  of  a  tissue;  also,  the 
substance  thus  having  passed. 

Infiltration  {in-fH-tra' -shun)  [infiltratio,  infiltration]. 
The  abnormal  diffusion  of  any  fluid  from  without  into 
an  organ  or  tissue,  affecting  it  mechanically  so  as  to 
destroy  its  function.  I.  of  Bone,  a  tuberculous  in 
filtration  of  bone,  consisting  either  of  matter  that 
becomes  puriform,  or  else  of  gray  cancellous  matter. 
I.,  Calcareous,  deposits  of  lime  or  other  calcium 
salts  within  any  tissue  of  the  body.  I.,  Cellular, 
the  primary  exudation  into  a  tissue,  conveying  white 
corpuscles.  I.,  Fatty,  the  presence  of  oil  or  fat- 
globules  in  the  interior  of  a  cell.  I.,  Gray,  an  opaque 
condition  of  the  lung  found  after  death  from  acute 
tuberculosis,  the  lung  being  of  a  dirty  ash-gray  color, 
with  no  appearance  of  lobulation  or  of  the  normal  pul- 
monary structure.    I.,  Plastic,  that  of  a  character  from 


which  new  normal  growth  may  develop.  I.,  Red,  a 
form  of  infiltration  ol  the  lung  in  acute  tuberculosis  in 
which  the  lung  presents  a  more  or  less  hyperemic  ap- 
pearance, and  is  soft  and  granular.  I.,  Sanguineous, 
an  extravasation  of  blood.  An  ecchymosis.  I.,  Tu- 
berculous, a  confluence  of  tuberculous  granulations. 

Infinite  [inf-fin-it)  [infinitus,  boundless].  Immeasur- 
ably or  innumerably  great.  I.  Distance,  a  term  in 
optics  to  denote  parallelism  of  the  light  rays.  Absolute 
parallelism  does  not  exist,  but,  practically,  rays  from 
an  object  20  feet  aw.  considered  and  so  called. 

Infinitesimalism  ( in-fin-it-es' '-im-al-izm)  [infinitus, 
boundless].  The  doctrine  that  favors  the  infinitesimal 
dilution  of  drugs  with  the  view  of  potentizing  them, 
or  developing  their  power  over  diseasi 

Infirm  {in-ferm')  [inflrmus,  not  strong  or  firm].  Weak 
or  feeble. 

Infirmary  \in-fer' '-ma-re)  [inflrmarium,  an  infirmary!. 
A  hospital.  An  institution  where  ill  and  infirm  people 
are  maintained  during  the  period  of  treatment. 

Infirmity  {infer* -mit-e)  [infirmitas,  weakness].  Weak- 
ness.     Feebleness  due  to  disease  or  senility. 

Inflame  \i>i-llamf)  [inflammare,  to  set  on  fire].  To 
undergo  inflammation.  To  become  unduly  heated 
and  turgid  with  blood,  owing  to  a  morbid  condition. 

Inflammatio  [in-flam-a'-sheo)  [I-]-  A  burning.  I. 
ventriculi.     See  Gastritis. 

Inflammation  [in-flam-a' -shun)  [inflammatio,  a  burn- 
ing]. A  condition  of  nutritive  disturbance  character- 
ized by  hyperemia,  with  proliferation  of  the  cell>  <  I  a 
ti>>ue  or  organ,  and  attended  by  one  or  more  of  the 
symptoms  of  pain,  heat,  swelling,  discoloration,  and 
disordered  function.  I.,  Adhesive,  a  synonym  of 
Healing  by  First  Intention.  I.,  Aplastic,  and  I., 
Plastic.  See  L ymph.  I.,  Granulomatous,  a  chronic 
form  of  inflammation  occurring  usually  in  scrofulous  01 
syphilitic  individuals,  with  the  formation  of  granulation - 
tis>ue  of  low  vitality.  This  tissue  breaks  down  into 
small  abscesses, the  latter  uniting  to  form  fistulous  tracks 
without  any  tendency  to  the  formation  of  cicatrices.  I. 
of  the  Periosteum  of  a  Tooth,  periodontitis.  See 
Odontalgia,  and  Periostitis, Dental.  I.,  Pyo-gangren- 
ous,  a  form  of  rapidly  progressive  inflammation,  with 
the  production  of  a  gangrenous  focus,  surrounded  by  a 
zone  of  suppuration.  I.,  Regenerative,  that  form  of 
inflammation  which  is  followed  by  cicatrization.  See 
also  Theories  of  Inflammation. 

Inflammatory  (in-flam'-at-o-re)  [inflammare,  to  in- 
flame]. Pertaining  to  inflammation.  I.  Blush, 
synonym  of  Erythema.  I.  Corpuscle.  See  I 
puscle,  C luge's.  I.  Exudation,  the  fluid  exuded 
from  an  inflamed  part.  I.  Fever.  See  Traumatic 
Fever.  I.  Focus,  the  central  or  culminating  spot  of 
an  inflamed  part,  or  that  at  which  suppuration  begins. 
I.  Fungoid  Neoplasm.  See  Mycosis.  I.  Infiltra- 
tion, the  exudation  escaping  into  the  interstices  of  an 
inflamed  tissue  and  not  removed  by  the  lymphatics. 
I.  Zone,  the  area  of  gangrenous  formation  bounded 
by  the  line  of  demarcation  between  dead  and  living 
tissue.      Also,  the  line  of  demarcation. 

Inflation  {in-lla'-shun)  [inflatio ;  injlare,  to  puff  up]. 
Distention  with  air.  In  surgery,  distention  of  the 
bowels  with  air,  to  relieve  obstruction  ;  or  of  the  lungs, 
for  artificial  respiration  ;  or  of  the  Eustachian  tube,  for 
therapeutic  purpi  i 

Inflected  [in-flek' -ted)  [in,  in;  flectere,  to  bend].  In 
biology,  bent  inward  or  downward. 

Inflexed  (in-jlekstr)  [inflectere,  to  bend].  In  biology, 
bent.      Same  as  In  fleeted. 

Inflorescence  \in-flor-es/ -ens)[in,  in  ;  florescere,  to  begin 
to  blossom].  In  biology:  (a)  blossoming,  flowering  ; 
(6)  a  flower-cluster. 


im  •: 


I  Ml' SUM 


Influen.-.i 

I  in- 

■ 

.  to 

I 

.mil 

tiled 

In- 

.\  ]       Aii  inflow. 


■ 
1 


I- 


In  hi- 
<um. 
].       A    Latin    prefix 

|  i,    below; 

the  arm  pit. 

.    below; 
b  low  the  gills. 

■  ■  ■  i       ici  al  mass. 
u  [infra,    be- 

:■   j       Below  the  collar- 

icommissun-  [infra,   below; 

unite].     The  inferior  commissure  of  the 

i  constrictor  n-strikf -tor)     [infra,     be- 

ther].      1  he    inferior 
.    I'ablc  of. 
.ortical  [infra,      below; 

neath  the  cortical  substance 

tcostal  low  ;   costa,  a 

•  fusclcs,  Table 


.  breaking], 
i,  an    indent;!1 

ll'-ik)      [in- 
wall].       Situated 


[infra,  below; 

Fjyoid   |,,  ii 

[infra,    below  ; 
ith  or  below  the 


[infra,  below  ; 
l  w. 
.    below;     or- 
I.  Artery, 
i  •■  traversing 
I.  Canal,  i  i    in  thi 

the  infraorbital 
I    Foramen.  |  ture  in  the 

te  infraorbital 
I    Groove, 

I 
irv  nei  ■ 


ow  ; 


Infraspinatus  [in-frah-spi  na'-tus).    See  Muscles,  Table 

Infraspinous  [in-frah-spi' -nus)    [infra,  below  ;    spina, 
pine].      Beneath  a  spine,  as  of  the  scapula  or  a  ver- 
tebra.    I.  Fascia,  the  dense  membranous  fascia  cov- 
ering   the   infraspinous    muscle.        I.  Muscle.      See 
.)/..  '.'//'/<•  if. 

Infrasternal    [in-frah-ster/-nal)    [infra,    below;    ster- 
num,   breast  bone].       Below   the    sternum.     I.   De- 
pression, tin-  depression    of  the    ensiform   cartilage, 
mmonly  called  the  pit  of  the  stomach. 

Infratemporal  [in-frah-tem'-po-ral)  [infra,  below; 
tempo ra,  the  temple].  Situate  1  beneath  the  temporal 
bone. 

Infrathoracic    (in-frah  tlio-ra' -sik)  [infra,  below  ;  0&- 
.  thorax].      Below  the  thorax. 

Infratrochlea     [in-frah-trokf-le-ah)      [infra,    below; 
trochlea,  a  pulley],      Below   the  trochlea.     I.  Nerve. 
.  Table  of. 

Infraturbinal  [in-frah-tur4 '-bin-al)  [infra,  below  ;  tur- 
i    wheel,    top].      Inferior    turbinal.      See    Bones, 
Tabi 

Infravaginal  [in-frah-vaj' -in-al)  [infra,  below; 
vagina,  sheath].      Situated  below  the  vaginal  vault. 

Infriction  [in  frik'-skun)  [infrictio,  a  rubbing  in].  The 
rubbing  ol  a  .surface  with  an  ointment  or  liniment. 

Infundibula  (in- fun-Jib' -u-lah)  [L.  ].  Plural  of  Infun- 
dibulum; </.  v.  I.  of  Kidneys,  the  calices  or  the 
divisions  of  the  pelvis  of  the  kidney  formed  by  the 
confluence  of  the  calices.  I.  of  Lungs,  the  elongated 
sacs  (set  about  with  air-cells)  in  which  the  smallest air- 
passages  terminate.      I.  subgenitalia.     See  Demnia. 

Infundibular  [in-fun-dib' '-u-lar)  [infundibulum, ■&  fun- 
nel]. Of  the  nature  of  or  belonging  to  an  infundi- 
bulum. 

Infundibuliform  ( in-fun-dib-u'-lif-orm) [infundibulum , 
a  funnel  ;  forma,  a  form].  Funnel-shaped.  I. 
Fascia,  the  funnel-shaped  membranous  layer  that 
invests  the  spermatio  cord. 

Infundibulum  [in-fun-dib' -u-lum)  [in  fun  dor,  to  pour 
into].  In  biology,  a  term  frequently  and  variously  ap- 
plied to  funnel-shaped  organs  or  parts.  I.  of  Brain,  a 
funnel  shaped  mass  of  gray  matter  attached  to  the 
pituitary  body.  I.  of  Cochlea,  a  small  cavity  at  the 
■  nd  of  tlu-  modiolus.  I.  of  Heart,  the  arterial  cone 
from  which  the  pulmonary  artery  arises.  I.  of  Ovi- 
duct, the  cavity  formed  by  the  fringes  at  the  ovarian 
end  of  an  oviduct. 

Infuscate  [in-fus'-kdt)  [infuscare,  to  make  dark  or 
dusky].      In  biology,  clouded  or  darkened. 

Infused  (in  fuzd')  [infundere ,  to  pour  in] .  Extracted; 
steeped.     I.  Oils.     See  Olea  infusa. 

Infusion  (in-fu'-zfun)  [infusio,  infusum,  an  infusion], 
I.  See  Infusum.  2.  The  slow  and  gentle  injection 
oi  water  or  of  a  medicated  liquid  into  a  vein,  or  into 
parenchymatous  tissues. 

Infusor  or)  [L.].     An  instrument  by  means  of 

which  water  or  a  medicated  liquid  may  be  made  to  flow 
slowly  into  a  vein,  or  into  the  parenchymatous  tissues. 

Infusoria  [in-fit  ro'-re-aA)   [infusum,  an  infusion]       A 

class  of  microscopic,  ciliated   organisms  belonging  to 

the  order  of  Protozoa.     They  are  so  called   because 

ten  develop  in  great   numbers  in  organic  infu- 

ms.      They  reprodui  e  by  fission. 

Infusum  [in-fit'  nun  [L. :  gen.,  Infitsi ; />/.,  Tnfusa~\ 
An  infusion  In  pharmacy,  a  preparation  made  by 
ating  a  vegetable  substance  with  hoi  or  with  cold 
water,  without  boiling.  Infusions  should,  in  the  ab- 
sence of  specif]  contain  I  part  of  the  sub- 
stance to  IO  of  water.  There  are  four  official  infusa, 
and  two  in  the  National  Formulary,  besides  a  large 
number  in  the  British  Pharmacopeia. 


l\<;ksta 


613 


[NJECT 


Ingesta  [in-jes/-tah)  [ingerere,  to  carry  into].  Sub- 
stances introduced  into  the  body,  especially  for  pur- 
poses of  alimentation. 

Ingestion  [in-jes/-chun)  [ingestio,  ingestion],     i.   The 

introduction  of  food  or  nutrition  into  the  mouth  or 
stomach.  2.  The  process  by  which  a  cell  takes  up 
foreign  matters,  such  as  bacilli  or  smaller  cells. 

Ingluvial  [in-glu' '-ve-al ')  [ingluvies,  the  crop].  Per- 
taining to  the  ingluvies. 

Ingluvies  [in-glu* '-ve-ez)  [in,  in  ;  glutire,  to  swallow  ]. 
In  biology,  tin-  most  anterior  dilatation  of  the  alimen- 
tary canal,  as  the  crop  or  craw  in  birds,  the  paunch  or 
rumen  in  mammals,  the  sucking-stomach  of  insect- 

Ingluvin  [in' -glu-vin)  [ingluvies,  crop  or  craw  of  a 
bird].  A  preparation  obtained  from  the  gizzard  of  the 
fowl,  Pullus gallinaceus,  used  as  a  substitute  for  pep- 
sin and  pancreatin.  It  is  very  efficient  in  the  vomit- 
ing of  pregnancy.      Dosegr.  x-xx. 

Ingot  [ing/-got)  [ME.,  ingot, &  mold  for  molten  metal]. 
A  bar  of  gold,  silver,  or  other  metal,  cast  in  a 
mold. 

Ingrassias,  Processes,  or  Wings  of.  The  lesser 
wings  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Ingravescent  [in-grav-esf -ent)  [i / igr a vescere,  to  become 
heavy].  Increasing  in  weight  or  in  severity.  I. 
Apoplexy.     See  Apople  \  1 . 

Ingravidation  [in-grav-id-a'-shun).  See  Impregna- 
tion. 

Ingredient  [in-gre* '-de-ent)  [ingredi,  to  step  into].  Any 
substance  that  enters  into  the  formation  of  a  com- 
pound. 

In- growing  Nail.     See  Onychogryphosis. 

Inguen  {iug' -given)  [L.].       The  groin,  </.  v. 

Inguinal  [in' '-gwin-al)  [inguen,  the  groin].  Pertaining 
to  the  groin.  I.  Arch,  the  crural  arch.  I.  Canal, 
the  canal  transmitting  the  spermatic  cord  in  the  male, 
and  the  round  ligament  in  the  female.  It  is  situated 
parallel  to  and  just  above  Poupart's  ligament.  I. 
Glands,  the  superficial  and  the  deep  glands  of  the 
groin.  I.  Hernia.  See  Hernia.  See,  also,  Liga- 
ment, Region,  Rhi^.    I.  Plague.   Synonym  of  Plague. 

Inguino-  [in'-gwin-o-)  [inguen,  the  groin].  In  com- 
position, pertaining  to  the  groin.  I. -abdominal, 
pertaining  conjointly  to  the  groin  and  the  abdomen. 
I. -crural,  relating  to  the  groin  and  the  thigh.  I.- 
cutaneous,  relating  to  the  integument  of  the  groin. 

Ingurgitation  [in-gur-jit-a' 'shun)  [ingurgitatio,  a  swal- 
lowing]. 1.  The  act  of  swallowing;  deglutition.  2. 
Excess  in  eating  or  drinking. 

Inhalation  [in-ha-la' -shun)  [inhalatio ;  inhalare,  to 
draw  in].  The  in-breathing  of  air  or  other  vapor. 
I. -diseases,  those  due  to  the  inspiration  of  air  contain 
ing  dust  or  any  finely  divided  matter.  See  Grinders 
Disease.  I.  of  Medicines,  the  introduction  into  the 
air-passages  or  lungs  of  medicinal  substances  in  the 
form  of  vapor  or  fine  spray. 

Inhale  [in-hal')  [inhalare,  to  breathe  in].  To  inspire 
or  draw  air  or  other  vapor  into  the  lungs. 

Inhaler  [in-ha'-ler)  [inhalare,  to  breathe  in].  An  in- 
strument for  inhaling  a  gas  or  the  vapor  of  a  liquid 
medicine.  I.,  Nitrous-oxid,  a  breathing-tube  for  the 
inhalation  of  nitrous-oxid  gas;  it  is  constructed  of 
vulcanized  rubber  or  metal.     See  Anesthetic. 

Inherent  [in-he* '-rent)  [inharere,  to  cleave  to].  Con- 
stitutional; innate;  natural  to  the  organism;  not 
casual  or  derivative. 

Inheritance  [in-her* -it-ans)  [F. ,  inheriter,  to  inherit]. 
The  act  of  inheriting.  I.,  Particulate,  the  reappear- 
ance of  single  peculiarities  in  the  offspring.  I.,  Use, 
the  inheritance  of  acquired  characters  ;  the  acquisition 
by  the  offspring  of  changes  in  the  body  cells  of  the 
parent. 


Inherited  [in  her'-it-ed)  [in.  in,  t<> ;  keres,  heir].      I).- 
rived   from   an   ancestor.      I.    Disease,  a  disease  that 
has  been  transmitted  to  a  child  b)   it-  parent. 

Inhibit  [in-hibf-it)  [inhibere,  to  check].  To  check, 
restrain,  or  suppn 

Inhibition  [in-hib-ish' -un)  [inhibitio,  restraint].  The 
aet  of  checking,  restraining,  or  suppressing ;  any  in- 
fluence  tint  controls,  retards,  or  restrains.  Inhibitory 
nerve-  and  centers  are  those  intermediating  a  modifi 
cation,  stoppage,  or  suppn  ssionol  a  motoi  "i  secretory 
act  already  in  progress.  I.,  Mental,  the  involuntary 
1  train)  that  active  mental  states  exercise  over  bodily 
functions,  normal  or  otherwise.  I.,  Vasomotor,  an 
intlucncc  exerted  on  the  <  ontrai  tile  wall-  of  the  bl< 
vessels,  that  causes  their  dilatation  by  a  diminution  of 
their  ton.-.  I.,  Voluntary,  the  checking  or  temporary 
restraint  of  a  reflex  by  force  of  will. 

Inhibitive  [in-hib'-it  iv).     See  Inhibit 

Inhibitory  [in-hib' -it-o-re)  [inhibitorius,  inhibitory] 
Having  the  power  to  restrain  or  hold  m  check.  I.  Cen- 
ter of  Setschenow,  a  cerebral  center  in  the  optii  lobes 
of  the  brainof  the  frog,  the  stimulation  of  which  c  h 
spinal  reflexes.  I.  Nerves  of  the  Heart,  those  of 
the  vagus  supplied  by  the  cardio-inhibitorj  center, 
through  the  spina]  accessory  nerve.  I.  Nerves  of 
Respiration,  certain  afferent  fibers  in  the  laryngeal 
branches  of  the  vagus  nerve,  that  exert  an  inhibitory 
action  on  the  inspiratory  act  of  respiration.  I.  Cen- 
ters, nerve-centers  that  inhibit,  restrain,  or  even 
arrest  the  action  of  other  centers.  I.  Fibers,  centri- 
fugal nerve-fibers  that  affect  other  centers  so  as  to 
moderate  or  nullify  their  action. 

Inhumation  [in-hu-ma' '-shun)  [inhumare,  to  put  in  the 
ground].  Burial  of  the  dead  in  the  ground.  See 
limitation. 

Iniad  {in'-e-ad)  [Iviov,  the  occiput].  Toward  the 
inial  aspect. 

Inial  [in'-e-al)  [iviov,  occiput].  Pertaining  to  the  inion. 
I.  Aspect,  the  posterior  aspect  of  the  head. 

Inien  [in'-e-en)  [Iviov,  occiput].  Belonging  to  the  inion 
in  itself. 

Iniencephalus  (in-e-en-sefr-al-us)  [iv'mv,  occiput  ; 
i]  hi oti'/ or,  brain].  A  variety  of  single  autositic  mon 
sters  of  the  species  Exeneephalus  in  which  there  is  the 
same  deformity  of  the  skull  as  in  notencephalus,  with 
the  addition  of  a  spinal  fissure  involving  the  cervical 
and  thoracic  vertebra?. 

Iniodymus  [in-e-od'-im-us)  [iviov,  occiput ;  rf/rfw//of, 
double].  A  teratism  with  one  body  and  two  heads 
joined  at  the  occiput. 

Inio-glabellar  \in'  -e-o-gla-bel'-ar)  [iviov,  occiput; 
glaber,  smooth].  Relating  to  or  joining  the  inion  and 
the  glabella. 

Inion  [in'-e-on)  [Iviov,  occiput].  The  external  protu- 
berance of  the  occipital  bone.    SeeCraniometric  Points. 

Iniops  (in'-e-ops)  [Iviov,  occiput ;  bip,  face].  A  cata- 
didymous  monstrosity  with  the  parts  below  the  navel 
double,  the  thoraccs  joined  into  one,  and  one  head 
with  two  faces,  the  one  incomplete. 

Inirritative  [in-ir* -it-a-tiv)  [///.not;  irritare,  to  irri- 
tate].     Not  irritant;   soothing. 

Initial  (in-ish'-al)  [///.into;  ire,  to  go].  Beginning  or 
commencing.  I.  Cells,  germ  cells.  I.  Sclerosis,  the 
primary  induration  of  a  hard  chancre.  I.  Stage  of 
Labor.     See  Labor,  Stages 

Initis  (in-i'-tis)  [tf,  muscle,  liber;  trie,  inflammation]. 
Inflammation  of  fibrous  or  muscular  tissue. 

Inject  [in-jekf)  [in,  into ;  iacere,  to  throw].  To  effect 
the  introduction  of  a  liquid  into  any  cavity  of  the  body, 
natural  or  artificial,  by  means  of  a  syringe  or  similar  in- 
strument. In  pathology,  to  produce  a  condition  of 
distention  of  the  capillaries  with  blood. 


I 


■.].     An 


I  .  -'ting, 

I..  Nutn- 
iin  or 


I.,  Opaque  Naked-eye, 
:  plaster- 

I., 

iiium   for 

ium    bi- 

I. -pneumonia  lition  >>f 

illowing 

lin. 

throw  in].      An  ap- 
■    material 
ides. 
.    not  ;  ;.,   .  Ju]. 

o<  its  parts. 
mi  valgum, 
the  air  of  ventilation 
I.  of  the  Pelvis,  the  heart- 
i     :  the  pelvis  ;  the  supe- 

I 

born  in].     Con- 

!ii ;   intrinsic.   In  biology, 

by  the 

[in,  in  ;   nen  u  .  nerve]. 

•  from  a  ganglionic 

stowed 

listribution    of  nerves 

;    the  manil  i    nervous 


I'lural  of  Innomina- 


> 
■ 

[in,   without  ;    //  m  >i,  a 
the  body 
n  given.     I. 
I.  Bone,  the    ir- 
and  anterior 
I. 
I.  Veins. 


: 


.  pi., 

nutrire,    to 
'•    .1   nutrition  or  nourish- 

m].     Any 

mi 

>le. 


,;n  IN'  >SCl  LA  riON 

Inoculable  t-la-bl)     [inoculare,  to    implant]. 

Susceptible  >■!  being  inoculated. 

Inocular  {in-ok' -u-lar)  [in,  in  ;  oculus,  eye].      In  bio- 
y,  applied  to  those  insect  antennae  that  arise  from 
notches  in  the  inner  margins  "I"  the  compound  ryes. 

Inoculation   {in-ok-u-la* -shun)  [inoculatio,  an    ingraft  - 
The  introduction   into  the  circulation  of   the 
virus  of   infectious  diseases,  or  ol    certain    medicinal 
nts        I.,  Jennerian,  vaccination,  or  the  inocula 
vpox-virus.      I.  of   Smallpox,  inoculation 
with  thecontagium  ol  smallpox  to  produce  a  mild  type 
of  thedisease.    I.,  Preventive,  inoculation  with  some 
virus  i"  act  as  a  preventive  of  a  more  serious  disi 
type  of  the  same  disease. 

Inoculator  [in^ok' -u-la-lor)  [inoculatio,  an  ingrafting], 
i  me  whoor  that  which  inoculates;  an  instrument  used 
in  inoculatii 

Inocyst  {in'-o-sist)  [ig,  a  liber;  Kvorig,  bladder].  A 
fibrous  capsule. 

Inoendothelioma  {in-o-en-do-tke-le-or -mafi)  [Ig,  fiber  ; 

fov,     within;      "'//'/.     nipple;      dim,    tumor: 

[noendotheliomata\      Round-celled  fibro- sarcoma. 

Inoepithelioma  {in  o-ep-ith-e-le-o* -mah)  [/<;,  liber;  k—i, 
upon;  "■,/',.  nipple;  bua,  tumor:  pi.,  Inoepithelio- 
mata\.    Medullary  carcinoma  containing  fibrous  tissue. 

Inogen  {in'-o-jeri)  [Ig,  (gen.  Iv6g),  fiber;  yewav,  to 
produce].  A  hypothetic  substance  believed  to  occur  in 
muscular  tissue,  and  to  be  decomposed,  during 
contraction,  into  carbon  dioxid,  sarcolactic  acid,  and 
myosin.  Because  of  tliis  behavior  it  is  considered  as 
the  energy-producing  substance  of  muscle. 

Inogenesis  (in-o-jen' '-es-is)  [ig,  muscle;  ykveoug,  gen- 
eration].    The  formation  of  fibrous  muscular  tissue. 

Inohymenitisfyn-o-Ai-men-i'-tis)  [if, fiber;  bfifyv,  mem- 
brane ;  ing,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  any 
fibrous  structure. 

Inoleiomyoma  {in-o-li-o-mi-(/-mah)  [ig,  fiber  ;  Tielog, 
smooth;  uvg,  muscle;  bfia,  a  tumor:  //.,  Inoleiomyo- 
mala\.  A  myoma  made  up  of,  or  containing,  un- 
striped  muscular  fibers. 

Inoma  [in-o'  mak)  [ig,  a  fiber;  bfia,  a  tumor:  //. , 
Inomata\.     Same  as  Fibroma. 

Inomyxoma  {in-o-miks-or -maK)  [Ig,  fiber;  uvi-a, 
mucus;  bfia,  tumor:  pi. ,  Inomyxomata~\.  Same  as 
Fibro-myxoma. 

Inoperculate  |  in-o-per' '-ku-la£)  [hi,  without ;  operculum, 
a  cover,  lid].     In  biology,  having  no  operculum  or  lid. 

Inopexia,  or   Inopexy  {in-o-peksf-c-ah,  or  in'-o-peks-e) 
.    fiber;    Jnpftc,   coagulation].      A  tendency   in   tin- 
blood  toward  spontaneous  coagulation. 

Inophlogosis   {in  .fiber;  <f>?.6ywoic ,  in- 

flammation].     Inflammation  of  any  fibrous  tissue. 

Inopolypous  {in-o-pol' '-ip-u  i  [".  fiber;  polypus, 
polyp].      Of  the  nature  of  an   inopolypus. 

Inopolypus  {in-o-pol f -ip-us)  [ig,  liber  \polypus,  polyp]. 
A  fibrous  |» ilypus. 

Inorganic  {in  or-gan'-ik)  [in,  not;  organum,  an  instru- 
ment]. A  term  applied  to  a  bodj  or  a  substance  that 
pos  the  pos  -iliilitii •-.  of   development , 

■  will,  or  life.      I.  Constituents.     See  Constituents. 

Inorrhabdomyoma   {in-or-ab-do-mi-o' '-man)  \jr,  fiber  ; 
1        -  ,  muscle  ;  bfia,  tumor:  />/.,  Inorrhab- 
■:u/ii~\.     A  fibrous  rhabdomyoma. 

Inosclerosis  {in-o-skte-ro'         I     , fiber;  aKhfpbg, hard], 
hardening  of  fibrous  tissue. 

Inosculate  [in,  in,  on;  osculum,  dim. 

lOUth].      In  .  to    unite   by  small   open- 

;  to  ana 

Inosculation   {in-os-ku-lar -shun)    [in,  in;    osculare,  to 
The  joining,  at  their  mouths,  of  the  branches  of 
blood  •■  specially  the  extremities  of  the  arteries 

with  the  origins  of  vein- 


[NOSINK     ACID 


615 


INSANITY 


Inosinic  Acid  i  in  o  rin'-ik).  An  ammonium  derivative 
from  muscle,  of  unknown  constitution. 

Jnosis  {iu-o'-sis).     See  Inogenesis. 

Inosite  {in'-o-sit)  [ig,  fiber],  C6H,2Oa  jII,<>.  A 
saccharine  substance  occurring  sparingly  in  the  human 
body,  especially  in  the  muscles.  It  also  occurs  in 
diabetic  urine  and  in  the  urine  of  chronic  nephritis. 
It  is  found  in  abundance  in  the  vegetable  kingdom, 
particularly  in  unripe  beans.  It  forms  large  efflor- 
escent crystals  (rhombic  tables)  ;  in  microscopic  pre- 
parations n  is  usually  obtained  in  tuft  d  lumps  of  fine 
crystals.  It  is  readily  soluble  in  water,  but  insoluble 
in  absolute  alcohol  and  ether. 

Inosituria  [in-o-sit-u' -re-aA)  [ic,  fiber;  ovpov,  urine]. 
The  presence  of  inosite  in  the  urine. 

Inosteatoma  [in-o-ste-at-& '-tnak)  [tc,  fiber;  ariap,  fat ; 
bpa,  tumor:  pi.,  Inosteatomata\  A  steatoma  with 
fibrous  elements. 

Inosuria  [in-o-su1 -re-aA).     Sec  Inosituria. 

Inotagmata  {in-o-lag'-mat-aA  ,  strength,  force; 

rdypa,  a  regular  arrangement,  as  of  soldiers].  In 
biology,  Engelmann's  name  lor  hypothetic,  contractile 
elements    that    g  the    force    of     protoplasmic 

motion;  they  are  held  to  be  uniaxial  and  doubly- 
refractive  ;   also  written  Isotagmaia. 

Inquest  {in'-kwest)  [inquesita ;  in,  into ;  quarere,  to 
ask].  A  judicial  inquiry.  I.,  Coroner's,  an  inquiry 
concerning  the  cause  of  the  death  of  one  who  has 
died  by  violence  or  in  some  sudden  or  unknown  way. 

Inquiline  [inr -k-udl-in)  [L.,  inquilinus.  an  inhabitant 
of  a  place  that  is  not  his  own].  In  biology,  a  com- 
mensal or  messmate ;  an  animal  inhabiting  an  abode 
that  it  does  not  produce. 

Inquination  {in-kwin-a' 'sAuri)  [inquinatio,  pollution]. 
Pollution  ;   infection  ;   corruption. 

Inquisition  {in-kwiz-isA' -un)  [inquisitio,  an  inquiry]. 
The  inquiry  or  hearing  before  a  jury  or  commission 
concerning  the  sanity  or  lunacy  of  a  criminal  or  a 
person  charged  with  crime. 

Insaccation  (in-sak-a'-sAun)  [in,  in ;  saccus,  sac]. 
Encystment ;   enclosure  in  a  sac. 

Insalivation  [in-sal-iv-a' 'sAuri)  [i/i,  in;  saliva,  the 
spittle].  The  mixture  of  the  food  with  saliva  during 
mastication. 

Insalubrity  [in-sal-u'-brit-e)  [in,  not;  salubris,  whole- 
some].     Unwholesomc-ncss  of  airorof  climate. 

Insanability  [in-san-ab-W -it-e)  [in,  not;  sanabilis, 
curable].  Incurablcness ;  the  quality  or  state  of 
being  incurable. 

Insane  [in-san')  [in,  not;  sanus,  sound].  Deranged 
or  diseased  in  mind.      I.  Ear.   See  Hematoma  auris. 

Insaniola  [in-san-i'-o-laA)  [dim.  of  insania,  insanity]. 
A  slight  or  minor  degree  of  insanity. 

Insanitary  {in-san' -it-a-re)  [in,  not;  sanitas,  health]. 
Not  sanitary  ;  not  in  a  proper  condition  as  respects  the 
preservation  of  health  (said  of  bouses,  buildings,  and 
their  surroundings). 

Insanitation  [in-san-it-a' '-sAun)  [in,  not  ;  sanitas, 
health].  Lack  of  proper  sanitary  conditions  ;  defect 
of  sanitation. 

Insanity  {in-sanf -it-e)  [insanitas,  insanity].  A  de- 
rangement or  abnormal  condition  of  the  mental  facul- 
ties, with  or  without  loss  of  volition  and  of  conscious 
ness.  Insanity  may  be  due  to  defective  development, 
to  acquired  disease,  or  to  natural  decay.  It  is  char- 
acterized, according  to  its  form,  by  a  variety  of  symp- 
toms, the  most  common  of  which  are  change  of  char- 
acter and  habits,  moroseness,  confusion,  elation, 
melancholy,  mania,  delusions,  and  hallucination-.. 
The  psychotic  tendency  is  the  chief  predisposing  cause, 
and  on  this  some  one  of  the  many  exciting  causes  will 
act    and  result  in   the  final    break-down.       The   vast 


majority  of  cases  of  insanity  occur  between  the  ages 
of  twenty  live  and  forty  live.  Melancholia,  mania, 
delusional  insanity,  and  dementia  are  the  four  principal 
types  "i  the  affection.  According  to  Krafft-Ebing,  in- 
sanity may  be  divided  into  two  great  groups,  accord- 
ing as  the  disorder  i>  the  result  of  a  disturbance  of  the 
developed  brain  or  of  an  arrest  of  brain-development. 
He  places  insanity  ordinarily  so-called  under  the  first 
head  ;   his  subdivisions  are  as  follows  :  — 

A.  Mental  affections  of  the  developed  brain. 

I.  Psychoneuroa 
i.  Primary  curable  conditions. 

a.  Melan<  bolia 

a.   Melancholia  passiva. 
ti.   Melancholia  attonita. 

b.  Man 

a.    Maniacal  exaltation. 
6    Maniacal  frenzy. 

c.  Stupor. 

2.  Secondary  incurable  states. 

a.  Secondary  monomania. 

b.  Tei Mima!  dementia. 

a.  Dementia  agitata. 
/3.  I  lementia  apathetica. 
II    Psychic  degenerative  states. 

a.  Constitutional   affective    insanity   {fulte   >aison- 

ante). 

b.  Moral  insanity. 

c.  Primary  monomania. 

a.  Willi  delusions. 

aa    Of  a  persecutory  tinge. 

PS.  Of  an  ambitious  til 
/3.  With  imperative  conceptions. 

d.  Insanities   transformed    from   the   constitutional 

re  111 
a.   Epileptic. 
/3.  Hysteric. 
7.  Hypochondriac. 

e.  Periodic  insanity. 

III.  Brain  diseases  with  predominating  mental   symp- 
toms. 

a.  Paralytic  dementia. 

b.  Cerebral  syphilis. 

c.  Chronic  alcoholism. 

d.  Senile  dementia. 

e.  Acute  delirium. 

B.  Mental    results  of  arrested  brain-development :  idiocy 

and  cretinism. 

I.,  Acquired,  that  arising  after  a  long  period  of  life 
of  mental  integrity.  I.,  Alcoholic,  that  induced  by 
alcoholic  excess,  usually  a  result  of  hereditary  tenden- 
cies. I.,  Alternating.  See  /..  Circular.  I.,  Cir- 
cular, cyclothymia;  alternating  insanity;  a  form  of 
insanity  recurring  in  cycles  varying  in  length  from  a 
few  days  to  many  months.  The  arrangement  of  the 
cycle  varies  in  different  individuals,  but  is  constant  in 
a  given  case.  Thus  melancholia  may  be  followed  by 
mania,  and  this  by  a  lucid  interval,  the  passage  from 
one  mental  condition  to  the  other  being  abrupt  or  gradual. 
I.,  Climacteric,  insanity  occurring  at  or  near  the 
menopause.  I.,  Communicated,  that  transmitted  by 
as-ociation  with  an  insane  person.  I.,  Confusional, 
stuporous  insanity;  delusional  stupor;  mania  hallu- 
cinatoria  ;  surgical  insanity;  puerperal  mania;  post- 
febrile insanity  ;  an  acute  insanity  produced  by  nervous 
shock  or  exhausting  disease,  without  distinct  constant 
emotional  depression  or  exaltation,  with  marked  fail- 
ure of  mental  power  or  complete  imbecility,  often 
accompanied  by  hallucinations  and  loss  of  physical 
]iower.  Recovery  is  usually  complete.  I.,  Doubting, 
a  form  of  melancholia  according  to  Regis,  but  accord- 
ing to  others  a  psycho-convulsive  mental  disease 
closely  allied  to  delusional  insanity,  which  consists  in  an 
uncontrollable  doubt  and  indecision  regarding  the  oc- 
cupations, duties,  or  events  of  the  day.  of  religion,  etc. 
I.,  Epidemic,  a  form  occasionally  manifested  among 
a  number  of  people  in  common  association,  as  in  con- 
vents or  schools.  I.,  Febrile,  a  maniacal  form,  occa- 
sional!) occurring  in  the  course  or  as  a  sequel  of  acute 
inflammation  or  fever.  I.,  Hereditary,  that  trans- 
mitted from  parent  to  child,  and  not  induced  by  other 


:  I  IV 


.;k; 


INS  I  [NCTIVE 


41,  I     Id  '•   '" 

the 

I  .   I::.;. 

unit 

I 

A    Itll 

I 

III- 

[.,  Pri- 

\  all  the 

i'  'in 

[.,  Puer- 

delirium 

nrring 
[.,  S 

1  at   the 

I., 

al  or  ac- 

-  ur 

n  women 

nity. 

I  .Stuporous,  •  •  mentia;  a 

Is   maturity. 
It 

I., 
Surgical.  I.,  Volitional,  such 

of  tin-  will, 
i,  not; 
- 
.    that    which 
incapable 
I.  Appetite.  tulimia. 

■     .J:ne.p  tin'-e-e). 

minis  muscle. 
i    carve   in]. 
■    in    the 

].       Any    mem- 

I .  - 

of 

in  common 

■   r  this  purpose. 

i     .'. 

,  to  cut 


. 
ts. 
'urn,     an     insect  ; 

•,   an    insect  ; 

.mini. ils 

■/,  an  ins 
In  iperty    of 


turn,    ii 
■  upon  ii 

■ 

luction  of 

i>i,   not, 

1 


Insensible    i  n     n'  tio-l)    [in,  not:    sentire,   to    feel]. 
Without   the   ~<.  n-f  "I    feeling.      Incapable   of    being 
perceived  or  recognized  bythe  senses.     Unconscious. 
Insertion  (.  .//;)  [insertio  ;  inserere,  to  set  in]. 

The  ai  i  of  ^< :tting  or  placing  in  ;  or,  that  which  is  set 
in;   the  point  at  which  a  muscle  is  attached  to  the  part 
that  it  moves;   the   place  or  the  mode  of  attachment 
ol    an    organ   to   it-   support.      I.,  Velamentous,  the 
attachment  of  tin-  umbilical  cord  to  the  margin  of  the 
ula. 
Insidious  [in-sid' '-e-us\  [insidia,  an  ambush].      Deceit- 
ful, stealthful.      Hidden  from  external  view.     I.  Dis- 
ease, one,  the  onset  of  which   Jn  gradual   or   inappre- 
ciable. 
Insipid  [in-sip/-id)  [insipidus,  unsavory].      Tasteless. 
Insitio  dentis  [in-sish' '-e-o  den'-tis)  [1--].    Implantation 

.i  tooth. 
In  situ   [in  si'-tu)   [in,  in ;    situ,  position],      A    Latin 

phrase  meaning  in  a  given  or  natural  position. 
Insolatio  [in-so-la' '-she-d) .     See  Sunstroke. 
Insolation  (in-so-la'-sAun)  [insolatio/  in,  in  ;  sol,  sun]. 
I.    Exposure  to  the  sun,  either  as  a  prophylactic  treat- 
ment or  as  a  cause  of  disease.     2.  Sunstroke.      3.    In 
pharmacy,  the  drying  or  bleaching  of   substances   by 
exposure  to  the  sun. 
Insolubility  [in-sol-u-bil ' -it-e)    [insohibilis,  insoluble]. 

quality  of  being  insoluble;   lack  of  solubility. 
Insoluble    [in-sol '' '-u-il)    [in,  not;   solubilis,  soluble]. 

Incapable  of  solution. 
Insomnia    [in-som'-ne-ah)    [in,  not;    sotnnus,  sleep]. 

Want  of  sleep  ;   inability  to  sleep. 
Inspection    (in-spek' -shun)    [inipectio,  or  inspectus,  a 
beholding].      In    medicine,    the    examination    of   the 
body  or  any  part  of  it. 
Inspergation  {in-sper-ga'-shun)  [inspergere,  to  sprinkle 
into].      The  sprinkling  or  dusting  of  a    part    with    a 
tine  powder. 
Inspiration  [in-spir-a' -skun)  [inspiratio ;    in,  in;  spir- 
are,  to  breathe] .    That  part  of  respiration  consisting  of 
the  drawing  in  of  the  breath. 
Inspiratory    [in-spi' -rat-or-e)     [in,    in;     spirare,    to 
breathe].      Pertaining  to  the  act  or  function  of  inspir- 
ation.     I.  Spasm,  a  rare   form  of  hysteric  spasm  of 
the    larynx    occurring    only    during     inspiration,    the 
vocal  bands  instead  of  separating,  tending  to  approach 
one  another. 
Inspissant  (in-spis'-ant)  [inspissans  ;  in,  in;   spissare, 
to  thicken].     1.   Tending    to  thicken ;    thickening  the 
blood  or  oilier  fluids.      2.   An   agent  that  tends  to  in- 
crease the  thickness  of  tin-  blood  or  some  other  fluid. 
Inspissate    (in-spis/-a~t)    [inspissare,  to  thicken].      To 
make  thick   by  evaporation  or  by  absorption  of  the 
liquid  menstruum. 
Instaminate   [in-stam' '-in-af)   [in,  not  ;  stamen  ,  a  sta- 
men].     Without  stamens 
Instauration  [in-staiv-ra'-shun)  [instauratio,  renewal]. 
The  first  appearance  of  a   physiologic  condition;    the 
iblishmenl  of  a  new  function. 
Instep  [instop,  the  bend  of  the  foot].     The 

.  or  its  dorsal  aspect. 
Instillation   [in-stil-a' -shun)   [instillatio ;  instillare,   to 
put  in  little  by  little].      The  pouring  of  a  liquid gutta- 
tim,  or   little    by   little.      To  introduce  into  a  cavity, 
canal,  or  sac,  drop  by  drop. 
Instinct  (/;/  [instinguere ,  to  impel].      In  biol- 

habits  registered  in  the  nervous  system 
ol  the  race  (Grant  Alien).  An  inherited  natural  im- 
l"1'  tted  with  a  reasoning  conception  as  to 

id  effect. 
Instinctive     {in-stingkf-tiv)     [instinguere,     to    impel]. 
Prompted  or  determined  by  instinct  ;   of  the  nature  of 
instil 


[NSTIPI  LATE 


617 


[NTENSITY 


Instipulate  [in-stip'  -u-lat)  [in,  without  ;  \tipula,  a 
stalk].      In  biology,  without  stipules. 

Institute  [in'-stit-ut)  [instituere,  to  set  up].  A  state- 
ment of  principles.  Also,  any  establishment  for  the 
statement  or  dissemination  of  principles.  Institutes 
of  Medicine,  the  explanation  or  philosophy  oi  the 
laws  of  the  science  ol  medicine,  physiology,  pathol- 
ogy, therapeutics,  and  hygiene,  or  the  general  and 
elementary  principles  oi  the  same.  The  term  is  used 
sometimes  as  a  synonym  >>i  physiology. 

Instrument  {in' -stru-ment)  \instrumentum ;  ins/run,-, 
to  build].  Any  mechanical  tool  or  device  used  in 
operation  or  treatment.  I.,  Exploring,  for  examin- 
ing teeth  to  ascertain  the  work  necessary  to  l>e  done  ; 
more  especially  for  determining  the  presence  of  cane.-, 
of  the  teeth. 

Instrumentarium  {in-stru-men-ta* -re-utri)  [I-].  A 
supply  or  collection  of  surgical,  dental,  or  other  in- 
struments. 

Instrumentation  {in-stru-men-ta' -shuri)  [instrumen- 
tum,  an  instrument].  The  care  and  management  of  a 
surgeon's  instruments. 

Insuccation  {in-suk-a' -shuri)  [m,  into;  succus,  juice]. 
The  Steeping  of  a  drug  for  a  considerable  time  in  water 
before  using  it  in  any  pharmaceutic  process. 

Insufficiency  [in-suf-Jisld-en  se)  [insufflcientia ;  in, 
not;  sub,  under;  facere,  to  make].  Incapacity  of 
normal  action,  on  account  of  some  deficiency,  as  of 
size;  the  quality  of  not  being  sufficient  for  a  special 
function  or  duty.  In  ophthalmology,  a  disturbance  of 
equilibrium  of  the  ocular  muscles,  that  is  overcome  by 
the  effort  of  binocular  vision,  and  so  does  not  produce 
strabismus.  It  is  also  called  latent  or  dynamic  squint. 
I.,  Aortic.  See  Endocarditis.  I.  of  the  Cardiac 
Valves,  imperfect  closure,  permitting  regurgitation. 
I.  of  the  Externi,  or  esophoria;  the  internal  recti 
ocular  muscles  are  more  powerful  than  the  externi,  or 
more  accurately,  the  power  of  adduction,  or  conver- 
gence, is  excessive.  I.  of  the  Interni,  or  exophoria; 
the  external  recti  are  predominant  or  the  power  of  ad- 
duction is  subnormal.  I.  of  Muscles,  Active,  a  phe- 
nomenon of  amuscle  acting  on  two  or  more  joints  when 
the  joints  over  which  it  passes  are  so  changed  that  it 
cannot  contract  actively  any  further  than  to  the  extent  ot 
the  shortening  from  which  it  begins  to  be  active.  I.  of 
Muscles,  Passive,  the  analogue  of  the  phenomena 
of  active  insufficiency  whereby  motion  of  the  part  is  pre- 
vented from  the  position  of  the  joint,  the  muscle  being 
too  short  to  act  under  such  circumstances.  I.  of  the 
Ocular  Muscles,  heterophoria,  or  unbalance  ;  high 
degrees  result  in  strabismus,  diplopia,  asthenopia, 
etc.  I.,  Mitral.  See  Endocarditis.  I.,  Pulmon- 
ary. See  Endocarditis.  I.,  Tricuspid.  See  Edno- 
carditis. 

Insufflation  {in-suf-fla' -shuri)  [insufflare ;  in,  in; 
sufflare,  to  puff].  The  blowing  ,,f  any  finely  divided 
substance  upon  a  surface  or  into  a  cavity,  or  the  filling 
of  any  cavity  with  air,  gas,  or  vapor. 

Insufflator  [in' ' -suf-ld-tor)  [in,  in  ;  sufflare,  to  blow]. 
A  small  instrument  for  blowing  fine  powders  into  a 
cavity  or  on  a  surface.  Also,  one  for  blowing  air  into 
the  lungs. 

Insula  {in'-su-lah)  [L.].  I.  In  anatomy,  the  island  of 
Reil.  2.  Any  detached  part  or  exclave  of  an  organ. 
3.    A  blood-islet,  or  island.      See  Island. 

Insular  (in'-su-lar)  [insula,  an  island].  Isolated  in 
condition  ;  also,  pertaining  to  the  I -land  of  Reil.  I. 
Sclerosis,  Disseminated,  Cerebrospinal,  or  Multiple 
Sclerosis.  A  disease  characterized  by  scattered  islets 
of  sclerosis  in  the  brain  and  cord.  It  "is  called  sclerose 
en  plaques  disseminees  by  the  French,  and  multiple 
sclerosis  by  the  Germans.      It  is  distinctly  a  disease  of 


early  adult  life,  and  is  of  about  equal  frequency  in  the 
two  sexes.  The  causes  are  obscure.  The  disease  has 
been  observed  to  follow  infectious  diseases,  1  xposure 
to  wet  and  cold,  and  traumatism.  In  some  cases  a 
neuropathic  predisposition  has  been  present.  The 
symptoms  varj  a<  1  ording  to  the  situation  of  the  is! 
the  most  common  arc  motor  derangement,  a  jei 
tremor,  paresis  or  paralysis,  and  ocular  symptoms, 
diplopia  and  amblyopia,  with  nystagmus,  and  1  .<  1  asion- 
allv  atrophy  of  the  discs.  The  tremor  is  ordinarily 
absent  during  repose,  but  appears  on  attempted  move- 
ment, and  i-  hence  designated,  intention  tremor.  The 
speet  h  is  a  characteristic  one,  very  slow,  each  syllable 
being  pronounced  with  difficulty  ;  hence  it  is  said  to 
be  of  a"  scanning""  nature.  Vertigo  is  also  averyfre- 
quent  symptom,  and  in  the  advanced  stage  the  mind 
undergoes  deterioration,  and  dementia  may  make  its 
appearance.  The  knee-jerks  are  exaggerated  and  ankle- 
clonus  is  present.  The  lesions  of  the  disease  are  small 
grayish  or  yellow  gelatinous  patch  red  thn  >ugh- 

out  the  brain  and  in   both  the  white  and   gray  matter 
of  the  cord. 

Insulate  (in'-su-ldt)  [insulare, to  make  like  an  island]. 
To  isolate  or  separate  from  surroundings.  In  elec- 
tricity, to  surround  a  conductor  with  a  non-conducting 
substance  or  with  one  having  an  exceedingly  high 
degree  of  resistance. 

Insulation  {in-su-la' -shuri)  [insulatio ;  insulare,  to 
make  like  an  island].  The  process  of  insulating  ;  the 
state  or  quality  of  being  insulated. 

Insult  {in' -suit)  [insult  us :  in,  upon;  sal/are,  to 
leap].  The  beginning  of  a  paroxysm  or  of  an 
attack  of  a  disease.  I.,  Apoplectic,  an  apoplectic 
stroke. 

Insusceptibility  {in-sus-sep-tib-il' -it-e)  [insusceptibilis, 
not  susceptible].  Absence  of  contagious  quality;  it 
differs  from  Immunity  in  being  applied  to  the  disease 
instead  of  the  person. 

Integer  {in'-te-ger)  [L.].  An  entity.  I.,  Fissural, 
a  term  designating  a  fissure  of  the  brain,  which 
is  independent  in  some  species  or  individuals, 
and  deepest  at  or  about  the  middle  of  its  length, 
corresponding  nearly  with  the  place  of  first  appear- 
ance. 

Integral  {in' -te-gral)  [integer,  whole].  Entire;  es- 
sential. 

Integration  {in-te-gra1 '-shuri)  [integratio,  a  renewing]. 
The  blending  of  separate  parts  into  one,  as  in  the 
embryo. 

Integrity  {in-teg' -rit-e)  [integrities :  integer,  whole]. 
Wholeness;  entirety.     Also,  virginity. 

Integument  [in-teg' -u-ment)\integumentum  :  in,  upon  ; 
t  re.  to  cover].  A  covering,  especially  the  skin. 
In  botany,  the  envelop  surrounding  the  ovule  of 
phanerogamous  plants.  I.,  Fetal,  the  fetal  mem- 
branes. 

Intellect  {in' -tel-ekt)  [intellectus ;  [inter,  between; 
legere,  to  choose].  The  mind  or  reasoning  power. 
I.,  Deranged.     See  Insanity. 

Intelligence  (in-tel'-ij-ence)  [intelligentia,  intelligence]. 
The  understanding  that  comes  from  the  perception  of 
qualities  and  attributes  of  the  objective  world,  and  is 
manifested  in  the  purposive  employment  of  means  to 
attain  an  end. 

Intemperance  (iu-tem'-per-aus)  [in.  not ;  temperan- 
tia.  mildness].  Want  of  moderation  ;  immoderate 
indulgence,  especially  with  reference  to  alcoholic 
liquors. 

Intensity  [in-ten' -sit-e]  [intensus,  stretched,  strung]. 
Concentration  of  energy  or  activity.  Also,  a  high 
degree  of  energy  or  power.  I.,  Specific.  See  Spe- 
cific. 


618 


IN  1  ERFILAR 


In 


I.  Method  of 

mon  lllJ- 

;     ..  .lien 

mus- 

1 

the 
I.  Muscle.     See  Mm 

- 

and 

.    which 
.  litional  beat  betw 

:::  fere, 

idence. 
Intc  'are, 

I  between       I.  Growth, 
: i.illy  deposited. 
atum  .      between; 

i     n 
itic  outline  situated  between  the 
I  tegmentum  of  the   cms 

Intercapillar  •  |     [inter,     between; 

itic,  Intercaroti  d  '•.  in-ter-kar- 

■   produce  sleep]. 
il  an  1   internal  carotids. 
I.  Ganglion 
Intercavernous  j  inter,  between  ; 

i   two    antra,   or 

[inter,      between; 
ietwi    ti  i 
rcentral  .   between  ;    cen- 

■    . 
i  I'll  cerebral 

.     bi  iv. 

'       :      ! 

m  the 

I  • ,    i :  i      I  )  ; 

rnal 


i   semblance].      Between  the  clinoid  pro- 

lenoid  bone. 

Intercolumnar  {in-ter-kol-um' '-nor).    See  Fascia. 

Intercondylar,  or  Intercondyloid  (in-ter-kon'-dil-ar, 
i„  id)  [inter,  between ;  *  ,  a  knob; 

,  likeness.]  Between  condyles.  I.  Eminence, 
the  -pine  or  knob  separating  the  two  condylar  portions 
of  the  tibia.  I.  Fossa,  the  notch  between  the  cond)  les 
ot  the  femur.  I.  Line,  a  transverse  line  crossing  above 
the  intercondyloid  fossa,  and  joining  the  condyles. 
I.  Notch.     Same  as  /.  / 

Intercostal  [in-ter-ios/-tal)  [inter,  between ;  a >sta,  a 
rib  J.  Pertaining  to  the  space  between  ribs.  I.  Arteries, 
the  aortic  arteries  of  the  intercostal  spaces.  See 
Arteries,  Table  of.  I.  Muscles.  See  Muscles,  Table 
I.  Nerves,  the  anterior  divisions  of  the  doiso- 
spinal  nerve-.     See  Nerves,  Tail 

Intercosto-humeral  [in-ter-kos/-to-ku/-mer-al )  [inter, 
,  rib;  humerus,  the  bone  of  the  upper 
arm].     Pertaining  to  the  arm  and  the  space  between 
the  ribs. 

Intercourse  [inf -ler-kors)  [intercurSus,  commerce]. 
Communication.  I.,  Carnal,  sexual  connection;  coi- 
tion.     I.,  Sexual.     Same  as  /. ,  Carnal. 

Intercoxal     {in-ter-koks* -al)     [inter,   between;     , 
I.      Situated  between  the  COX3S  or  hip-. 

Intercurrent  [in-ter-kur' -ent)  [inter,  between;  cur- 
.  to  run].  Occurring  or  taking  place  between. 
I.  Disease,  a  term  loosely  applied  to  diseases  occur- 
ring sporadically  during  a  period  of  prevailing  endemic 
or  epidemic  diseases.  Also  applied  to  a  disease  arising 
or  progressing  during  the  existence  of  another  disease  in 
the  same  person. 

Interdental  [in-ter-denf-tal)  [inter,  between  ;  Jms,  a 
tooth],  i.  Between  the  teeth.  2.  An  interdentium. 
I.  Splint,  a  splint  used  in  fracture  of  the  jaw,  con- 
sisting of  a  metallic  frame  at  the  neck  of  the  teeth, 
held  by  wire  sutures  passing  between  the  teeth. 

Interdentium  (in-ter-den' -she-urn)  [inter,  between; 
dens,  a  tooth] .     The  space  between  any  two  of  the  teeth. 

Interdiction  [in-ter-dik' '-shun)  [interdictio,  a  prohibit- 
ing]. A  judicial  or  legal  process  that  deprives  an 
insane  person  or  one  suspected  of  insanity  of  the  man- 
agement of  his  own  affairs  or  of  the  affairs  of  otlx  rs. 

Interdigital  {in-ter-dif-it-al)  [itpter,  between;  digitus, 
a  linger].  Between  fingers.  I.  Membrane,  the 
skin  between  the  toes  of  palmate-footed  animal-. 
I.  Space,  that  between  adjacent  fingers. 

Interdigitation  {in-ter-dij-it-a' -shun)  \_int>\  between  ; 
digitus,  a  finger].  The  locking  or  dovetailing  of 
similar  parts,  as  the  fingers  of  one  hand  with  those  of 
the  other;  or  of  the  ends  of  the  obliquus  externus 
muscle  with  those  of  the  serratus  magnus. 

Interfascicular  {in-ter-fas-ik1 '-«  lar)    \_i/i/,'r,  between  ; 
,v  ,'/.,   a  bun  lie].       Situated  between  fasciculi. 

Interfemoral  [in-ter-fem' '-or-al)  [inter,  between; 
femur,  the  thigh].      Between  the  femurs  or  thighs. 

Interfere  {in-ter-flrf\  [inter,  between;  fetire,  to 
strike].  In  horses,  to  strike  one  hoof  or  the  shoe  of 
one  hoof  against  the  opposite  le<^  or  fetlock. 

Interference  {in-ter-ferf -ens)  [inter,  between  ;  ferire, 
to  strike].  Interposition.  I.  of  Light,  the  mutual 
utralization  of  waves  of  light,  as  shown  in  Newton's 
rings,  when  the  crest  of  one  wave  falls  upon  the 
trough  of  another.  I.  of  Sound,  the  neutralization 
ol  two  sound  waves,  one  by  the  other. 

Interfibrillar  {in-ter-fi' '-bril-ar)  [inter,  between;  fibra, 
a  liber].  In  biology,  situated  between  the  librUl.e  of 
tissues. 

Interfilar  {in-ter-fi'-lar)  [inter,  between;  filum,  a 
thread].  In  biology,  existing  between  the  filaments 
of  a  reticulum. 


inter*  ;a\<  ;i.  ionic 


619 


INTERPARIETAL 


Interganglionic  [in-ter-gang-gU-on'-ik]  [inter,  between ; 
)ir,],'/im\  a  tumor,  ganglion].  Connecting  one 
ganglion  with  another;   lying  between  ganglia. 

Interglandular  (in-ter -gland' -u-lar)  [inter,  between; 
glandula,  a  gland],     .situated  between  glands. 

Interglobular  [in-ter-glob1 '-u-lar)  [inter,  between; 
globulus,  a  ball).  Situated  between  globules.  I. 
Spaces,  irregular  cavities  seen  in  a  section  of  di  □ 
tine,  after  the  earthy  matter  has  been  removed  by 
putting  a  tooth  in  dilute  acid.  They  are  so  called 
because  surrounded  by  minute  globules  of  dentine. 

Intergyral  [in-ter-ji' '-ral)  [inter,  between;  gyrus,  a 
gyre].      Situated  between  two  or  more  gyri. 

Interhemicerebral  (in  ter-hem-e-ser' '-e-bral)  [inter, 
between  ;  i/ui,  half;  cerebrum,  cerebrum].  Situated 
between  the  cerebral  hemispheres. 

Interhemispheric  (in-ter-kem-is-fer/-i£)  [inter,  be- 
tween; ijtxi,  half;  aipaipa,  sphere].  Situated  between 
hemispheres. 

Interinhibitive  (in-ter-in-hib' '-it-iv)  [inter,  between  ; 
inhibere,  to  inhibit].      Mutually  inhibitory. 

Interjectional  (in-ter-jek' -shun-aT)  [inter,  between; 
jicere,  to  throw].  Interjected;  thrown  between.  I. 
Speech,  the  expression  of  emotions  by  inarticulate 
sounds. 

Interlaminar  (in-ter-lam'-in-ar)  [inter,  between ; 
lamina,  a  leaf].     In  biology,  situated  between  laminae. 

Interlobar  {in-ter-lo* ' -bar)  [inter,  between  ;  lobus,  a 
lobe].     Situated  between  lobes. 

Interlobular  (in-ter-lob' -u-lar)  [inter,  between  ;  lobulus, 
a  lobule].  Between  lobules.  I.  Emphysema. 
See  Emphysema. 

Intermalar  (in-ter-maf-lar)  [inter,  between  ;  mala,  the 
cheek-bone].      Situated  between  the  malar  bones. 

Intermarriage  (in-ter-mar/-aj'\  [inter,  between ;  mari- 
tus,  a  husband].  Marriage  between  persons  related  by 
consanguinity,  or  between  persons  of  different  races. 

Intermastoid  (in-ter-mas'  -ioid  \[inter,  between  ;  f.taar6r, 
breast;  elSor,  likeness].  Situated  between  or  con- 
necting the  two  mastoid  processes. 

Intermaxilla  (in-tcr-maks-il'-ah)  [inter,  between; 
maxilla,  jaw].  The  premaxilla  ;  the  intermaxillary 
bone. 

Intermaxillary  (in-ter-maks'-il-a-re)  [inter,  between  ; 
maxilla,  jaw-bone].  Between  the  maxillary  bones. 
I.  Bone,  the  small  bone  that  receives  the  incisors, 
situated  between  the  superior  maxillary  bones  of  the 
fetus.      It  also  occurs  in  most  mammals. 

Intermediate  (in-ter-me'-de-at)  [inter,  between ;  me- 
dius,  the  middle].  Situated  between.  I.  Dysmenor- 
rhea. See  Dysmenorrhea.  I.  Carbon-atoms,  those 
connected  with  two  other  carbon-atoms,  having  two 
valence-units  that  may  be  saturated  by  two  hydrogen- 
atoms  (or  other  elements). 

Intermeningeal  (in-f-r-men-in'-je-al)  [inter,  between  ; 
fiTjviyi,  membrane].  Between  the  dura  and  the 
arachnoid;  or,  between  the  latter  and  the  pia.  I. 
Hemorrhage,  a  hemorrhage  between  the  meninges 
of  the  brain  or  spinal  cord. 

Intermenstrual  (i>i-ter-men' '-stru-al)  [inter,  between  ; 
menstrualis,  menstrual].  Between  the  menstrual  pe- 
riods. 

Interment  (in-ter'-ment)  [in,  in  ;  terra,  the  earth]. 
The  burial  of  the  body. 

Intermetacarpal  (in-ter-met-ak-ar'  -pal)  [inter,  be- 
tween; fierd,  beyond  ;  nap-nr,  the  wrist].  Between 
the  metacarpal  bones. 

Intermetatarsal  {in-ter-met-at-arf -sat)  [inter,  be- 
tween; fiera,  beyond;  rapauc,  tarsus].  Between  the 
metatarsal  bones. 

Intermission  (in-ter-mish'-un)  Tintermissio,  a  breaking 
off].     The  interval  between  the  paroxysms  of  a  fever. 


Also,  an  interval   in  which  the  pulse  fails  to    beat  in 
rhythmic  time. 

Intermittent  (in-ter-mitf-ent)  [inter,  between ;  mittere, 
to  send  or  occur].  Occurring  at  intervals.  I.  Fever. 
See  Fever.  I.  Insanity.  See  Insanity,  Cyclic.  I. 
Ligature.  See  Ligature.  I.  Pulse. one  the  rhythm 
of  which  is  interrupted  by  pauses  at  irregular  intervals. 
I.  Hemisystole,  a  very  rare  condition  sometimes  en- 
countered in  cases  of  mitral  insufficiency,  in  whii  h 
with  every  two  beats  of  the  heait  only  one  beat  of  the 
pulse  is  felt. 

Intermuscular  (in-ter-mus' '-ku-lar\  [inter,  between; 
musculus,  a  muscle].      Situated  between  muscles. 

Intern  (in-ternr)  [Jr.,  i>iterne\.  An  indoor  or  resident 
physician  in  a  hospital  ;  a  member  of  an  in-door 
staff  of  physician-.. 

Internal  [in-tr' -nal)  [internus,  inward].  Situated 
within  or  on  the  inside.  I.  Capsule,  the  band  of 
white  nerve-matter  between  the  thalamus  and  the 
interventricular  portion  of  the  striatum.  I.  Capsule, 
Knee  of,  the  angle  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  two 
divisions  of  the  internal  capsule.  I.  Cell-formation, 
free  cell-formation  ;  endogenous  cell-formation.  1  hat 
mode  of  cell-division  in  which  new  cells  are  formed 
within  the  walls  of  an  old  cell,  as  distinguished  from 
fission  and  gemmation. 

Internarial  [in-ter-na/-re-al\  [inter,  between  ;  nares, 
nostrils].     Situated  between  the  nostrils. 

Interneural  (in-ter-nuf-ral\  [inter,  between;  vevpov, 
nerve].      Situated  between  neural  spines. 

Internode     {in' -ter-nod)     [inter,    between;     nodus,    a 
knot].      The  space  between  adjacent  joints  or  ki 
as  the   phalanx  of  a  finger  or  a  toe.     That  part  of  a 
nerve-fibril    between    Ranvier's    nodes    is    called    the 
internodal  segment. 

Internodium  (in-ler-no'  -de-um).      Same  as  Internode. 

Internuclear  (in-ler-uu'-hle-ar)  [inter,  between ;  tuc 
cleus,  a  kernel].      Situated  between  nuclei. 

Internuncial  (in-ler-nun' -shal)  [inter,  between  ; 
nuncios,  a  messenger].  Serving  as  a  connecting  or 
announcingmedium,  e.g.,  the  nerves  in  their  relation  to 
the  muscles  and  the  will. 

Internus  (iii-ter'-nus).      See  Internal. 

Interoptic  (in-ter-op'-tik)  [inter,  between;  opticus, 
optic].  Between  the  optic  lobes,  tracts  or  nerves  of 
the  brain. 

Interorbital  (in-ter-or* '-bit-al)  [inter,  between  ;  orbita , 
the  orbit].  Situated  between  the  orbits.  I.  Bone,  the 
median  bone  of  fishes.  I.  Plate  and  I.  Septum,  a 
structure  of  the  fore-brain,  with  its  extension,  found 
in  certain  fishes  and  reptiles. 

Interosseous  (in-ter-os'-e-us)  [inter,  between  ;  ossa,  a 
bone].  Between  two  bones.  I.  Arteries,  a  name  giver, 
to  various  branches  of  the  dorsal,  palmar,  plantar,  and 
metatarsal  arteries  of  the  hand,  foot,  and  forearm. 
See  Arteries,  Table  of.  I.  Muscles,  a  name  given 
to  certain  muscles  of  the  hand,  foot,  and  forearm. 
See  Muscles,  Table  of.  I.  Nerves,  the  nerves  sup- 
plying the  interosseous  muscjes.   See  /Verves,  Table  of. 

Interpalpebral  (in-ter-pal' '-pe-bral)  [inter,  between ; 
palpebra,  the  eyelid].  Between  the  palpebral.  I. 
Spot.  See  Pinguecula.  I.  Zone,  that  part  of  the 
cornea  and  of  the  scleral  conjunctiva  that  ordinarily 
is  not  covered  by  the  lids. 

Interpapillary  i  •u-tr-pap'-il-a-re)  [inter,  between  ; 
papilla,  a  papilla].      Between  papill. 

Interparietal  (in-ter-par-i' '-et-al)  [infer,  between; 
paries,  walls].  Between  walls.  I.  Bone,  a  term 
sometimes  applied  to  the  upper,  squamous,  and  non- 
cartilaginous  part  of  the  occipital  bone.  I.  Fissure. 
See  Fissure.  I.  Suture,  the  sagittal  suture,  or  that 
formed  by  the  approximation  of  the  parietal  bones. 


\K 


IN  fESl  INA1. 


lnterpcJur 


Inter 


a  t  ho 

I.  Spa<  i 

-  the 

i  the 

'.ll.C. 

to  tur 

to  .t  new 

I.  Disc, 
the  symphysis  of 


.  ;  radius, 

-.icorn  [•'■'•'  '.   betw 

i    horn].       In    biolog 
I    the    bill  in  certain 

■  ■  ■  n  ;    ren,  the 
the  kidni 
Interru;  :  ,  to    break 

I.    Breathing.       See 

Interrupter  [interrumpere,   to    break 

r  that  which,  interrupts ;   specific- 
electric  current. 
Interscapular  I     [inter,    between  ; 

Between  the  shoulder- 
I.   Region,  the  part  of  the  chest  betv 

I.   Reflex.     See  Reflexes, 

Interscapulum  '  u    u        [inter,  between ; 

fnterscapula].     In  bi- 
te between  the  shoulder- 
Interspace  between;  spatium,  a 

n    the    ribs,  or   between 
in. 
'    tl  en  ;    spina .  a 

ifically,  between    the 
I.  Muscles.     See  Muscles, 


,  between  ;  spina, 
nous  processes,  a-  of 


Inv 


'itium,  a  space  between]. 

[interstitium,    space    In- 

ice  or 

illy  ap- 

hymatous 

I.    Absorption.  |  rption   of    the 

Also, 

I.    Atrophy.  dition 

arthritis 

ited 
I    1  \y\  ertroj  hy,        mdition  in 

and 

n  in  the 

[.  Keratit  1. 

| 


between  the   transverse  processes  of  contiguous  ver- 
tebrae.    See  Muscles  Table  of . 

Intertriginous     [in-ter-trij'-in-us)     [inter,     between; 
.  to    rub].      <  >f   the   nature    of  or    affected   with 
interti  igo. 

Intertrigo  [in-ter-tri' '-go)  [inter,  between;  terere,  to 
rub].  An  erythematous  eruption  or  lesion  of  the 
skin  produced  by  friction  of  adjacent  parts.  See 
Erythema. 

Intertrochanteric  {in-ter-tro-kan-ter* -ik)  [inter,  be- 
tween; rpnxawrijp,  trochanter].  Between  the  trochan- 
ters.     I.  Line.     See  Lines,  Table  of. 

Intertubular  (in-ter-tu'-bu-lar)  [inter,  between  ; 
tubulus,  a  tube].  Between  tubes.  I.  Substance, 
the  translucent,  granular  substance  of  the  dentine  of 
the  tooth,  containing  most  of  its  earthy  elements. 

Interureteric  [tn-ter-u-ret-er* -ik)  [inter,  between; 
ovptfHjp,  ureter].  Situated  between  the  ureters  or 
their  outlets. 

Intervaginal  (in-ter-vaf '-in-al)  [inter,  between;  va- 
gina, sheath].  Between  sheaths.  I.  Space,  that 
found  within  the  sheaths  of  the  optic  nerve. 

Interval  (in'-ter-val)  [inter,  between ;  vallum,  a  ram- 
part], A  space  or  lapse  either  of  time  or  distance, 
as  the  interval  between  the  paroxysms  of  a  fever,  or 
between  two  organs  or  parts  of  the  body.  I.,  Focal, 
the  distance  between  the  anterior  and  posterior  Anal 
points.  I.,  Sacro-cotyloid,  a  space  existing  between 
the  promontory  of  the  sacrum  and  the  posterior  part 
of  the  cotyloid  cavity  or  acetabulum. 

Intervenium  [in-ter-ve' '-ne-um)  [inter,  between;  vena, 
vein:  />/. ,  Intervenia"].  In  biology,  the  space  between 
the  veins  of  leaves. 

Interventricular  {i>i-ter-i'en-trik'-n-lar)  [inter,  be- 
tween ;  ventriculum,  a  ventricle].  Between  ventricles, 
e.g.,  of  the  heart.  I.  Septum,  the  fibrous  septum  or 
partition  between  the  ventricles  of  the  heart. 

Intervenular  [in-ter-ven' '-u-lar)  [inter,  between; 
venula,  a  little  vein].  In  biology,  situated  between 
the  veins  of  an  insect's  wing. 

Intervertebral  [in-ter-ver' '-te-bral)  [inter,  between; 
vertebra,  a  bone  of  the  spine].  Between  the  verte- 
bra;. I.  Discs,  the  lenticular  discs  of  fibro-cartilage 
between  the  adjacent  surfaces  of  the  bodies  of  the 
vertebrae.  I.  Foramen.  See  Foramen.  I.  Notch, 
the  notch  at  the  base  of  the  pedicle  of  the  laminae  on 
the  sides  of  the  body  of  each  vertebra.  I.  Substance. 
Same  as  /.  Discs. 

Intervillous  {in-ter-vil'-us}  [inter,  between;  villus,  a 
tuft  of  hair].      Situated  between  villi. 

Intestinal  (in-tes/-tin-al)  [intestinum,  the  intestine]. 
Pertaining  to  the  intestine.  I.  Absorption,  the  ab- 
sorption <>f  the  peptonized  products  of  digestion  by  the 
capillaries,  veins,  andlacteals  of  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  intestines.  I.  Anastomosis.  See  Anasto- 
mosis. I.  Arteries,  the  arteries  of  the  intestines,  of 
which  the  principal  trunks  are  the  celiac  axis  and  the 
mesenteric  branches.  The  lower  part  of  the  rectum 
is  supplied  by  the  hemorrhoidal  branches  of  the  iliac 
and  pudic  allelic-.  See  Arteries,  Table  of.  I. 
Canal,  the  entire  intestinal  passage  from  the  begin- 
ing  of  the  duodenum  to  the  anus.  I.  Cast. 
Same  as  /.  Mole.  I.  Concretion.  See  Entero- 
lith. I.  Fever.  Synonym  of  Typhoid  Fever. 
I.  Fistula,  a  fistula  or  unnatural  aperture  in  any 
part  of  an  intestine.  I.  Glands,  the  glands  found  in 
the  /.  ('ana/.  See  (Hand'.  I.  Juice,  the  liquid 
m  of  the  intestinal  glands.  I.  Mole,  the 
membranous  discharge  from  the  bowel  in  Pseudo- 
membranous Enteritis.  I.  Obstruction,  arrest  of  or 
interf  rence  with  the  progress  of  the  feces.  I. 
Tract,  or  Tube.     Same  as  /.  c  'anal. 


INTESTINE 


621 


INTRAMURAL 


Intestine  (in-tes'-tiri)  [intestinus,  intestine].  The  part 
of  the  digestive  tube  extending  from  the  beginning 
of  the  duodenum  to  the  anus.      I.,  Large,  comprises 


The  Large  Intestine. 
a.  Entrance  of  the  small  intestine,     b.  Appendix  vermiformis. 
c.  Caput  caecum  coli.     d.  Transverse  colon,     e.  Descending 
colon,    /.  Sigmoid  flexure,    h.  Rectum,     i.  Anus. 

the  cecum,  colon,  and  rectum.  I.,  Small,  consists 
of  the  duodenum,  jejunum,  and  ileum. 

Intestinorum  inflammatio  (in-tes-tino/-rum  in- 
flani-a'-she-o)  [L. ,  "  Inflammation  of  the  intestines  "]. 
See  Enteritis. 

Intestinulum  {in-tes-tin' -u-lum\  [L.,  a  small  intes- 
tine: pi.,  /ntestinulal.  I.  The  small  intestine.  2. 
A  cerebral  convolution  or  gyrus.  3.  The  umbilical 
cord  or  navel-string. 

Intextine  {in-teks' '-tin)  \intus,  within  ;  externus,  with- 
out]. In  biology,  a  supplementary  inner  layer  of  the 
extine  of  the  pollen-grains  of  certain  plants. 

Intima  (in'-tim-ak)  [intimus,  inmost]  A  term  used 
instead  of  tunica  intima  ;  the  innermost  coat,  or  thin, 
transparent  endothelial  lining  of  the  heart  and  blood- 
vessels, consisting  of  a  layer  of  irregular,  long,  fusi- 
form, nucleated,  squamous  cells. 

Intine  [in' -tin)  [intus,  within].  In  biology,  the  inner 
coat  of  the  pollen-grain. 

Intolerance  (in-tol'-er-ans)  [intolerans  ;  in,  not; 
tolerere,  to  bear].  Want  of  endurance  or  ability  to 
stand  pain.  Impatience.  Also,  the  inability  to  endure 
the  action  of  a  medicine. 

Intonation  (in-to-ua'-s/iun)  \intonere,to  thunder].  I. 
The  rumbling  or  gurgling  sound  produced  by  the 
movement  of  flatus  in  the  bowels.  2.  The  tone  of  the 
voice. 

Intortion  [in-tor' 'shun)  [intortus,  p.  p.  of  intorquere , 
to  curl,  to  twist].  In  biology,  the  winding,  bend- 
ing, or  twisting  of  a  part  or  organ. 

Intoxicant  iin  toks'-ik-ant)  [intoxicare,  to  intoxicate]. 
I.  Intoxicating;  capable  of  producing  intoxication 
or  poisoning.  2.  A  drug  or  agent  capable  of  produc- 
ing intoxication. 

Intoxication  (in-toks-ih-a' '-shun)  [intoxicare,  to  poi- 
son]. A  word  popularly  used  to  denote  the  eflect  of 
the  excessive  use  or  of  an  overdose  of  an  alcoholic 
liquor:  in  a  wider  sense,  any  poisoning;  the  state  re- 
sulting from  an  overpowering  dose  >>t  any  poison.  I., 
Septic.     See  Septicemia.     I.,  Uremic.    See  Uremia. 

Intra-  (in'-tra/i-)  [intra,  within].      A  Latin  prefix  sig- 


nifying within.  I. -abdominal,  within  the  cavity  of 
the  abdomen.  I. -arachnoid,  within  the  arachnoid 
space.  I.-articular,  within  a  joint.  I. -capsular, 
within  the  capsular  ligament  of  a  joint. 

Intrabiontic    [in-trah-bi-on' -tik)    [intra,  within; 
life;  Sn>  (ovr),  being].       In   biology,  applied   t<>   1 
nomena  occurring  within,  and  determined  by,  an  indi 
vidua!   organism.     I.    Selection,    Weismann's   term 
for  the  principle  formulated  by  Roux,  of  the  struggle 
of  the  parts  concerned  in  ontogeny. 

Intracardiac  {in-trah-kar1 '-de-ak)  [intra,  within  ;  nap- 
6ia,  heart].  Situated  or  produced  within  the  heart- 
cavity. 

Intracartilaginous  {in-trah-kar-til-a}' -in-us)  [intra, 
within  ;  cartilago,  cartilage].  Within  a  cartilage.  I. 
Ossification.     See  Ossification  . 

Intracellular  [in-tra  self-u-lar)  [intra,  within  ;  cellula, 
a  little  cell].  In  biology,  existing  or  happening 
within  the  cell.  I.  Digestion,  also  1  ill'  d  parenchy- 
matous digestion;  digestion  as  exhibited  by  unicel- 
lular organisms.  I.  Pangenesis.  See  Heredity  and 
Pangen 

Intracerebral  [in-trah-ser' -e-brat)  [intra,  within;  cere- 
bru»i,  cerebrum].     Within  the  cerebrum. 

Intracervical  (uitrah-ser'-vik-al)  [intra,  within  ;  cer- 
vix, cervix].      Within  the  cervical  canal  of  the  uterus. 

Intraciliary  (in-trah-sil' -e-a-re)  [intra,  within;  cilium, 
an  eye-lash].      Situated  within  the  ciliary  region. 

Intracranial  [in-trak-kra' '-ne-al  1  [intra,  within  ; 
Kpaviov,  the  skull].  Within  the  skull.  I.  Hemor- 
rhage, an  escape  of  blood  within  the  cranial  cavity  ; 
cerebral  hemorrhage. 

Intracutaneous  (in-trah-ku-taf -ne-us)  [intra,  within  ; 
cutis,  the  skin].      Within  the  skin-substance. 

Intracystic  (in  tra/i-sis'-tik)  [intra,  within  ;  kvgtic,  a 
cyst].      Situated  or  occurring  within  a  cyst. 

Intradermic  (in-trah-der1 '-mik)  [intra,  within;  6'epua, 
skin].      Same  as  Intracutaneous. 

Intradural  [in-trah-du/ -ral)  [intra,  within;  durus, 
hard].      .Situated  or  occurring  within  the  dura. 

Intrafetation  (in-trah-fe-taf-shun)  [intra,  within  ;  fetus, 
a  fetus].     The  formation  of  a  fetus  within  another  fetus. 

Intragyral  {in-trah-ji' -ral)  [intra,  within;  gyrus,  a 
gyre].      Within  a  gyre  of  the  brain. 

Intrahepatic  (in-trah-hc-pat'  -ik\  [intra,  within  ;  ij—ap, 
liver].      Within  the  liver-substance. 

Intralamellar  [in-trak-lam-el'-ar)  [infra,  within; 
lamella,  a  thin  plate].  In  biology,  within  the 
lamellae. 

Intraligamentous  [in-trah-lig-am-en' -tus)  [intra,  with- 
in ;  ligamentum,  a  ligament].  Within  or  between 
the  folds  of  a  ligament,  as  a  cyst. 

Intralingual  (in-trah-ling'-giual)  [intra,  within ;  lin- 
gua, tongue].      Within  the  substance  of  the  tongue. 

Intralobular  (in  trah-lob'-u-lar)  [intra,  within;  lobulus, 
a  little  lobe].  Within  a  lobe  or  lobule.  I.  Vein,  a 
vein  traversing  a  liver-lobule.  I.  Plexus,  a  net- 
work of  vessels  in  a  liver-lobule. 

Intramembranous       (in-tra//  -mem' '-bran  -its)      [intra, 
within;  membrana,  a  membrane].     Within  a  mem-4 
brane. 

Intrameningeal  [in-trah-men-in'-je-al}  [infra,  within; 
fiijviyl;,  membrane].  Situated  within  the  substance  of 
the  membranes  of  the  brain  or  spinal  cord.  I. 
Hemorrhage,  an  effusion  of  blood  into  the  sac  of  the 
dura  mater. 

Intramolecular  (in-traa-mo-iek'-u-Iar)  [intra,  within; 
molecula,  a  molecule].  Within  the  molecules  of  a 
substance. 

Intramural  (in-trak-mu'-ral)  [intra,  within;  mura,  a 
wall].  Intraparietal.  Within  the  substance  of  the 
walls  of  an  organ. 


IN  I  RAM  I    VR 


622 


in  russi  SCEPTION 


Intramuscular  •   within  ; 

run    the  ■'    a 

Intr. 

within  ; 

1.    Hemor- 
I .    i 

Inti 

I     Aneurysm,  an  an 

I)     1IIV.ll'. 

I.  Hemorrhage, 
the  orbit,  but  behind 

a;     s,   a 
ne. 

within  ; 
■Vithin  1  ■  ian  stroma. 

[intra,     within  ; 
i     \\  ithin  the  wall  or  the  substai 

2.  Within  the  parietal  region 
.  ■ 
Int:  |         ',    within ;  pel 

.  ity. 
•;toneal  ')  [intra,  within ; 

im].       Within  the  peritoneum 
■  -  the  abdominal  viscera. 
cental  [intra,    within; 

Within  the  placental  tissue. 
.pleura;  i  [intra,  within  ;   -'/ 

leural  cavity. 

.  within  ;  polus,  pole], 
ids  ol  an  axis.     Sec,  also, 

Intrapulmonary  '-mo-na-re)  [intra,  within ; 

the  lung].     Within  the  substance  of  the  lung. 
iretinal  • ' )  [intra,  within,  n. 

nal.      Within  thi  e  "I"  the  retina. 

|  [intra,  within  ;   cik' 

I   nned  within  the 

Intrascrotal  ,    within;  scro- 

m].     Within  the  scrotal  sac. 
Intraspinal  [intra,    within  ;  spina, 

■  '•  thin  the  spinal  canal, 
ncular  itra,  within  ; 

Within  the  ti>ticle. 

[intra,    within;    tuba,    a 
V- .-  lopian  tui 

Intratympanic  '  ik)     [intra,    within  ; 

rum].     Within    the    tympanic 

■  urethra.  •/,      [intra,    within  ; 

thi   urethra. 
a-uterine  ,•,  within  ;  ut 

I.  Amputation,  a  spon- 

iome  part 

1  by  the 

I.  Drowning, 

t  res]  iration, 

drawn    into    the 

or  |  I. 

I. 

inimal 

.  .vithin  ; 


Intravascular     \in-trah-vas> '-ku-lar)     [intra,    within; 
/,   a  -mill   vessel].      Within   the   blood-vessel 
system. 

Intravenous   [in-trah     .  '  nus)  [intra,  within;   vena,  a 
Within,  or  into    the    veins.      I.  Infusion,  or 
Injection,   the   introduction  of   a    saline    solution    or 
other  liquid  into  the  veins. 

Intravertebral    [in-trah-ver1 '-te-bral)    [intra,     within; 
■.  a  vertebra].     Same  a-  Intraspinal. 

Intravesical  [in-tra-vest -ik-al)  [intra,  within;  vesica, 
bladder].     <  lecurring  <>r  situated  within  the  bladder. 

Intrinsic  [in-trin' -sik)  [intrinsecus,  on  the  inside].  In- 
herent, inward.    Peculiar  toa  part,  e.g.,  certain  muscles. 

Intro-  [in'-tro-)  [intro,  within].  A  Latin  prefix  signify- 
ing within. 

Introcession  [in-tro-sesr -shun)  [introcedere,  to  go  into]. 
A  depression  or  sinking  in,  as  of  a  surface. 

Introflexion  {jn-tro-JUkr -shun)  [intro,  within ;  flexio, 
a  bending].      A  bending  in;   inward  flexion. 

Introitus  (in-tro'-it-us)  [intro,  within;  ire,  to  go]. 
Any  aperture  or  opening  in  the  body.  I.  pelvis,  the 
inlet  of  the  pelvis.  I.  vaginae,  the  external  aperture 
of  the  vagina. 

Intromission  {in-tro-mish'-un)  [intro,  within  ;  mittere, 
to  send].  The  introduction  of  one  body  within  the 
walls  of  another,  as  of  the  penis  into  the  vagina. 

Introrse  (in-trors/)  [intro,  within;  versus, p.  p.  of  Trr- 
tere,  to  turn].  In  biology,  applied  to  stamens  that 
turn  toward  the  axis  of  the  flower. 

Introspection  {in-tro-spek'-shun)  [intro,  within; 
spicere,  to  look].  The  act  of  looking  inward.  I., 
Morbid,  the  morbid  habit  of  self-examination  ;  insane, 
or  quasi-insane,  dwelling  upon  one's  own  thoughts, 
feelings,  impulses,  fears,  or  conduct. 

Introsusception  [in-tro-sus-sep/shun)  [intro,  within ; 
suscipere,  to  receive].  The  slipping  or  telescoping  of 
one  part  of  the  intestine  upon  another  part ;  intussus- 
ception. 

Introvenium  [in-tro-ver -ne-um)  [intro,  within  ;  vena, 
vein].  In  biology,  a  condition  of  leaves  in  which  the 
vein-  are  infossous,  or  sunk  and  embedded  in  the 
parenchyma. 

Introversion  (in-tro-verf  -shun)  [intro,  within  ;  vertere, 
to  turn],  A  turning  within,  as,  introversion  of  the 
uterus.  I.  of  the  Iris,  a  bending  backward  of  the 
iris  in  such  a  way  that  it  lies  upon  the  ciliary  body. 

Introvert  [in-tro-vert')  [intro,  within  ;  vertere,  to  turn]. 
In  biology,  turned  in. 

Intruse  [in-trus* ')  [intrusus,  p.p.  of  intrudere,  to 
thrust  in].      In  biology,  projecting  inward. 

Intubation  [in-tu-ba' '-shun)  [in,  in  ;  tubus,  a  pipe]. 
The  passage  of  a  tube  into  or  past  the  larynx,  to  allow 
the  entrance  of  air  into  the  lungs  in  croup,  diphtheria, 
etc. ,  or  to  dilate  a  stricture,  etc. 

Intumescence   [in-tu-mesf -ens)    [intumescentia :    intu- 
,    to    -well].      A    swelling,    of    any    character 
whatever.      Also,   an  increase  of  the  volume  of  any 
organ  or  part  of  the  body. 

Intumescentia  [in-tu-mes-en/-she-ah)  [I-]-  A  swell- 
ing. I.  gangliformis,  tin-  reddish  gangliform  swelling 
of  the  seventh  nerve  in  the  aqueductus  Fallopii  in  the 
petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone. 

Intussusception   [in-tui  ■//      ''  shun)    [in/us,   within; 

u    ipi  re,  to  receive].      Invagination  or  involution  ol 

part    of    the    intestine   within    another  part.      It 

i-  of  frequent  occurrence  in  the  young.     It   i-  caused 

by  undue  peristalsis.     The  site  of  the   intussusception 

varies;   thus,  it  may  be — i.    Ileo-cecal,  the  ileum  with 

tin-     ileo-cecal    valvi  cending    into    the    cecum 

!  colon  :    this  is  the  most  common  variety;   2.   Colic, 

n   being    limited  to  the  large  intestine; 

3.   Ural,  when   the    ileum  alone  is  involved ;   4.   Jleo- 


I  Ml  A 


623 


IN  Vol. I    1  I<  IN 


colic,  when  the  ileum  prolapses  through  the  lips  of  the 
ileocecal  valve. 

Inula  [in' -u-lak)  [I..].  Elecampane.  The  root  of  / 
heleniutn.  It  contains  a  crystalline  substance,  helenin, 
C6HsO,  the  dose  of  which  is  gr.  ).  -  L,  and  from  20  to 
40  per  cent,  of  a  starch,  known  as  inulin.  It  is  a  gentle 
stimulant,  and  is  employed  in  bronchitis  and  to  hasten 
the  appearance  of  the  skin  symptoms  in  exanthemat'  >us 
fevers.  Dose  gr.  xx-  zj  of  the  root,  or  •§  j  —  ij  of  a 
decoction,  5  ss  to  the  ()j.  The  genus  Inula  contains 
various  coarse  composite-flowered  herbs  of  the  old 
world,  several  of  which  have  properties  similar  to  those 
of  the  official  specie-.. 

Inulin  (in'-it-lin)  [/«///</,  elecampane],  C6II10O5.  I.  A 
vegetable  principle  found  in  the  roots  of  dahlia, 
in  chicory,  and  other  plants.  It  is  a  white  powder, 
with  which  iodin  gives  a  yellow  color,  and  is  soluble 
in  hot  water.  See  Carbohydrates,  Table  of.  2.  The 
precipitate  from  a  tincture  of  the  root  of  Inula 
helenium  ;  an  aromatic  stimulant,  tonic,  and  expector- 
ant.     Dose  I  to  3  grains.      Unof. 

Inulol  {in' '  u-lol).      See  Alantol. 

Inunction  [in-unk1 'shun)  [inunctio  ;  inunguere,  to 
anoint].  The  act  of  rubbing  an  oily  or  fatty  substance 
into  the  skin.  Also,  the  substance  used  for  anoint- 
ment. I.  Treatment,  a  form  of  treatment  of  syphilis. 
It  consists  in  rubbing  into  the  skin  metallic  mercury 
or  some  mercurial  preparation,  mixed  or  suspended  in 
a  fatty  vehicle.  It  is  active,  sure,  and  rapid,  but 
dirty  and  unpleasant.  It  is  best  used  in  the  form  of 
the  blue  ointment  of  a  strength  of  fifty  per  cent. 
The  application  should  be  made  upon  different 
portions    of   the  body  in  successive  treatments. 

Inustion  [in-us'-chun)  [inustio,  a  burning  in].  A 
burning  in  ;   deep  or  thorough  cauterization. 

Invagination  ( in-vaj-in-a' -shun )  [invaginatio ;  invagin- 
are,  to  ensheathe].  The  sheathing  or  telescoping  of 
a  part  or  organ  by  a  canal  like  structure,  as  the  intes- 
tine. An  operation  for  obliterating  a  hernial  canal 
by  the  inflammation  resulting  from  pushing  the  skin 
inward  and  suturing  the  parts  together. 

Invalid  [in'-val-id)  [invalidus  ;  in,  not ;  valere,  to  be 
well].  One  who  is  not  well,  especially  one  who  is 
chronically  ill  or  whose  convalescence  is  slow. 

Invaliding  [in' ' -val-id-ing)  [in,  not ;  valere,  to  be  well]. 
The  placing  of  a  soldier  or  officer  on  the  list  of  in- 
valids, and  thus  excusing  him  from  active  duty. 

Invalidism  {in'  val-id-izm)  [in,  not ;  valere,  to  be  well]. 
Chronic  ill-health  ;  the  state  or  condition  of  being  an 
invalid. 

Invenose  [in-ve'-nos)  [in,  not;  vena,  a  vein].  In 
biology,  destitute  of  veins. 

Invasion  [in-va'-zhun)  [invasio  ;  in,  upon;  vadere,  to 
go].  The  beginning  or  attack  of  a  disease.  Also, 
the  manner  in  which  the  disease  begins  its  attack.  I- 
disease,  one  due  to  the  presence  in  the  body  of  some 
animal  parasite,  as  the  tapeworm  or  the  protozoan  of 
malaria. 

Invermination  [in-ver-min-a' 'shun)  [in,  in;  vermis, 
worm].  A  condition  of  having  intestinal  worms  ;  ill- 
health  due  to  parasitic  worms  ;  helminthiasis. 

Inverse  Temperature.  A  complete  reversal  of  the 
usual  course  of  the  temperature,  so  that  the  morning 
temperature  exhibits  the  maximum,  and  the  evening 
temperature  the  minimum.  It  is  not  infrequently  seen  in 
acute  tuberculous  affections,  and  randy  in  typhoid  fever. 

Inversio  palpebrarum  [in-ver' 'she-o  pal-pe-bra'-rum). 
Synonym  of  Entropion. 

Inversion  [in-ver' shun)  [inversio;  in.  not;  vertere,  to 
turn].  A  turning  or  placing  in  a  position  the  opposite 
of  the  normal  position.  In  chemistry,  a  decomposi- 
tion of  certain  sugars  and  other  carbohydrates,  induced 


by  the  action  of  a  ferment  or  dilute  acid,  by  which  the 
elements  of  water  are  added  to  a  carbohydrate,  each 
molecule  of  which  breaks  up  into  two  molecules  of  a 
different  carbohydrate.  I.  of  Bladder,  a  condition 
in  which  the  bladder  is  in  part  or  completely  pushed 
into  the  dilated  urethra.  It  occurs  in  females  only. 
I.  of  Eyelashes.  See  Entropion.  I.  of  Uterus,  a 
condition  in  which  the  uterus  is  partially  or  completely 
turned  inside  out. 

Invert  (in-vert')  [in,  in  ;  vertere,  to  turn].  To  turn  in 
an  opposite  direction.  I. -sugar,  an  amorphous 
saccharine  substance,  the  chief  constituent  of  honey, 
and  produced  by  the  action  of  ferments  or  dilute  acids 
on  cane-sugar.  It  is  regarded  as  a  mixture  of  equal 
parts  of  dextrose  and  levulose.  A  solution  of  cane- 
sugar  turns  the  polarized  ray  of  light  to  the  right, 
while  invert-sugar  turns  it  to  the  left,  from  thi-  in 
version  of  the  action  on  polarized  light  the  process  is 
called  inversion,  and  the  product  invert-sugar. 

Invertase  {in-ver' -Ids).     Same  as  Invertin,  q.  v. 

Invertebrata  {in-ver-te-bra' ' -tah)  [in,  not ;  vertebra, 
backbone].      Animals  that  have  no  spinal  column. 

Invertin  {in-ver' -tin)  [in,  not;  vertere,  to  turn].  A 
ferment  found  in  the  intestinal  juice,  and  produced 
by  several  species  of  yeast-plant ;  it  converts  cane- 
sugar  in  solution  into  invert-sugar.      See  Ferments. 

Investing [in-ves/ -ting)  [invest/re.  to  invest].  Ensheath- 
ing,  surrounding.  In  dentistry,  embedding  a  denture 
in  what  is  known  as  investing-material,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  soldering  the  linings  or  backings  of  the  teeth 
to  the  plate. 

Inveterate  [in-vef ' -er-at)  [inveteratus ;  vetus,  old]. 
Long  established,  and  obstinately  resisting  treatment, 
as  an  inveterate  skin-disease. 

Invirility  [in-vir-il' -it-e)  [in,  not ;  virilis,  of  a  man]. 
Lack  of  manly  qualities,  especially  lack  of  virile  power  ; 
male  impotency. 

Inviscation  [in  t'is-ka' shuri)  [in,  in;  viscum,  bird- 
lime]. The  mixing  of  food  with  the  saliva  during 
mastication. 

Invital  [in-vi'-tal)  [in.  not;  vita,  life].  In  biology, 
non-living  or  dead  matter. 

In  vitro  [invit'-ro)  [L.].  In  the  glass ;  applied  to 
phenomena  that  are  observed  in  experiments  carried 
out  in  the  laboratory  with  microorganisms,  digestive 
ferments,  and  other  agents,  but  that  may  not  neces- 
sarily occur  within  the  living  body. 

Involucel  {in-vol'-u-sel)  [dim.  of  involucrum,  involu- 
cre].     In  biology,  a  secondary  involucre. 

Involucre  I '  in' -vo-lu-ker)  [in-  'olvere,  to  roll  up,  to  wrap  up]. 
In  biology,  the  bracts  at  the  base  of  a  flower-cluster. 

Involucrum  [in-vo-lu' -krum)  [involvere,  to  enwrap: 
//. ,  Involucrd\.  The  covering  of  a  part.  The  sheath 
of  bone  enveloping  a  sequestrum  in  dry  necrosis. 

Involuntary  [in-vol'-un-ta-re)  [involuntarius :  t«, not; 
vol',  velle,  to  will].  Performed  independently  of  the 
will  ;  not  by  an  act  of  the  will.  A  term  applied  to 
certain  motions  and  functions  of  the  various  organs  of 
the  body  that  are  not  controlled  by,  or  are  not  depend- 
ent on,  the  will.  I.  Contraction,  muscular  contrac- 
tions not  resulting  from  an  act  of  the  will.  I.  Muscles, 
those  that  are  not  governed  by  the  will. 

Involute  [in'-vo-lut)  [involvere.  to  roll  up,  to  wrap  up]. 
In  biology,  rolled  up,  as  the  edges  of  certain  leaves  in 
the  bud. 

Involution  [in-vo-lu' shun)  [involutio;  involvere,  to  roll 
upon].  The  retrogressive  change  to  their  normal  con- 
dition that  certain  organs  undergo  after  fulfilling  their 
functional  purposes.  I.  of  the  Uterus,  the  return  of 
the  uterus,  which  after  gestation  weighs  about  two 
pound-,  to  its  normal  weight  and  condition.  I.- 
forms,  a  term  applied  to  microorganisms  that   deviate 


IN  W.J 


[ON  1  111  S 


I       i 
'. 

; 
; 
i 


i 


I  the 


. 


ible 

i  of 

:  ]       •  ba 


l    111: 

rch. 
\   proprietary 
ruium,  i 

mis 

.ram.  an 


Jet].      A  compound 
-.  iolet : 


I  ii m  .  like  a 

.1  i;  specific  gravity 

merit 
it  a  low  temperature, 
[tot  curs  in  cod- 
in  shell-fish.      It 
.--mm  iodid, 
In  it-  tary  state 

.  is  much  used  as  a  tincture 
.  . 
:m  for  internal  use,  is 
in  tertiary  syphilis, 
ile  m  all  forms  of  that  disease. 
Ij  in  hepatic  cirrhosis  and 
with  ammonium  it  is 
Acidi    hydriodici, 
mi.   iif   the  absolute   acid. 
;  Ammonii   iodidum.     Sec  Ammonium. 

cd  Phenol,  iodin  and  car- 

local  use.      I.,    Lini- 
ment I.,  Liquor 

Iodi,  Liq.,  Comp.,  Lu- 

-iuni  iodid    to,  water  85 

I.,  Tinct.,  8  per  cent,  in 

ise.     I.,  Trichlorid, 

I  h    as  an  antiseptic 

I  •  U:i  ■  um  iodid  1 .  water 

I.,  Vapor  I  I'..    1'.),  lor 

1       Amylum 

':-  n  ii  95  parts,  dis- 

and  dried     I  >osi  3 

iodidum,  K  I     Dosegr.  v-tjj.  Potass. 

1 .'.     od.   hypo- 

I  lard    81   parts. 

r.  v-z  ij. 

I. -scarlet. 

I. -violet.      See    Pi 


m 


ondition 
iin   or   iodin- 

■ 


Iodized  1  ■■•''[     ,!  '  .  Hl<e  a  violet].      Impregnated 

with  iodin,  as  cotton,  glycerin,  etc. 

Iodoform  m)   [laih/g,  like   a  violet;    forma, 

rri-iodo-methane,  CHIS.      Iodid  of    Forrnyl. 

\   compound  containing  about  91   per  cent,  of  iodin. 

It  i>  an  antiseptic  and  feeble  anesthetic,  and  is  highly 

I   1  local  application  to  wounds,  abrasions,  and 

indolent    sons.      Internally  it   is  a  tonic.      It  seems  to 

exerta  special  influence  upon   tuberculous  processes. 

lis  odoi  may  be  disguised  by  means  of  thymol  or  oil  of 

rose.      Dose,  internally,  gr.  j-v.     I.,Suppos.  (B.P.  |, 

b  containing  gr.  iij  of  iodoform.    I.,  Unguent.,  for 

fetid  sores. 

Iodoformism  [i-</ -do-form-izm)   [n.'xb/r,  like  a   violet; 
r,  form].      Poisoning  with  iodoform. 

Iodoformize  (i-o'-do-form-lz)  [uinh/c,  like  a  violet; 
forma,  form].     To  impregnate  with  iodoform. 

Iodol  \i'-o-dol)  [<<JrS//c,  like  a  violet],  C4I4NH.  An 
iodo-carbamid  existing  in  the  form  of  an  amorphous 
brown  p  soluble  in  etberand  oil.     It  is  more  ac- 

tive!) antiseptic  than  iodoform  and  is  free  from  odor. 
LocaJly  it  is  an  anesthetic,  and  favors  granulation.  It 
is  of  reputed  service  as  an  application  to  syphilitic 
sores,  etc.      hose  <^r.  ss-v.     Unof. 

Iodo-naphthol-beta    {j-o-do-naf'-thol-ba'-taK)   \Ui61jq, 
like    a  violet;     vd<p8a,    naphtha;     (iera,    the    second 
(ircek   letter].     The  diiodid    of    naphthol-beta,  sug 
gested    as   a   substitute  for  iodoform  as  an  antiseptic 
dressing*.     Unof. 

Iodophenin  [i-o-do-fer -niti)  [<a»$//c,  like  a  violet ; 
phenyl}.  A  compound  allied  to  phenacetin.  It  is  an 
efficient  bactericide,  but  is  objectionable  because  of  its 
strong  evolution  of  iodin,  of  which  it  contains  about 
50  per  cent.  It  is  a  crystalline  powder,  of  an  iodin-odor 
and  a  burning  taste,  and  colors  the  skin  yellow.  It 
melts  at  2660  F.  (1300  C.)      Unof. 

Iodophthisis    [i-o-doff'-this-is)    [i&Sjig,  like    a    violet ; 
aig,  a    wasting].       The    emaciation,   or    local    or 
general  wasting   that  may  result  from  free  use  of  iodin 
1  remedy. 

Iodopyrin  [i-o-do-pi' '-rin)  [iwrf//c,  like  a  violet;  nvp, 
fire],  lodantipyrin.  A  chemic  compound  of  iodin 
and  antipyrin,  with  the  composition,  Cj.HuINjO. 
It  is  an  antipyretic  in  doses  of  from  one  to  five  grains. 
Unof. 

Iodo-quinin  Sulphate.    Same  as  Herapathite. 

Iodosis  [i-o  do'-sis).     Same  as  lodism. 

Iodotannin  (i-o-do-tan' '-in)  [Jwcfyc,  like  a  violet;  ME., 
tannen,  to  tan].  An  aqueous  mixture  of  iodin  and 
tannin. 

Iodotherapy  Ihrr'-ap-e)    [JwrS^c,  like    a    violet; 

.therapy].     The  treatment  or  cure  of  disease 
by  the  use  of  iodin  or  its  compounds. 

Iodum  ()-<>' -dit'n).      See  Iodin. 

Iodure  [d  0  dur)  [Fr.].      An  iodid. 

Ioduret  (i-od' '-u-ret)  [tuih/r,  like  a  violet].     An  iodid 

Ion  {d-on)  [ii'.ii\  \<n>,  going].      An   element  set   free  by 

electrolysis,  and  classified  as  an  anion  or  kation,  ac- 

rding  as  it  is  set  free  at  the  positive  or  negative  pole. 

I.,  Migration  of,  the  transference  of  an  ion  from  one 

pole  to  another. 

Ionidium    [i-o-nid' '-e-um)  [lov,  a  violet].      A  genus  oi 
violaceous     herb-    and    shrubs.       I.    ipecacuanha, 
luces  what  is  called   whit  :  this  and  several 

other    species    are    emetic    and    cathartic.       See    also 
Cuichunchulli.      \<>w  is  officinal;     but  the  roots  oi 
>aid  to  be  mixed  with  commercial 
ipecac. 

Ionthus  {inn'  thus)  [iovOog,  acne]. 
that  often  accompanies  tie-  first 
beard       A  general  name  for  acne  and  the  diseases  that 


That  form  of  acne 
appearance  of   the 


lOPTKROUS 


625 


IRIDORRHEXIS 


lopterous  {i-opf-ter-us)[lov,  a  violet ;  irrep&v,  a  feather]. 
In  biology,  having  violet-colored  wings. 

Iotacism  [i-o'-tas-iztn)  [iuTatao(i6g,  iotacism],  i.  In- 
ability to  pronounce  distinctly  the  proper  sound  of  the 

letter  i.      2.   Substitution  of  the  long  <•  sound  for  the  e 
sounds  of  other  vowels. 

Ioterium  [i-o-te' '-re-um)  [I6g,  poison ;  repieiv,  topierce: 
//. ,  Ioteria\      In  biology,  a  poison  gland. 

Ipecac  (//' '-e-kak).  See  Ipecacuanha.  I.,  American. 
Sec  Gillenia.     I.,  White.     See/onidium. 

Ipecacuan  (ip-e-kakr -u-an ).     See  Ipecacuanha, 

Ipecacuanha  {ip-e-kak-u-an* -ak)  [liraz.,  ipecaaguen\. 
Ipecac.  The  root  of  Cephaelis  ipecacuanha,  found  in 
Brazil.  It  contains  an  alkaloid,  emetin,  '  Jl,^11,. 
and  is  an  emetic,  expectorant,  and  cholagi  igue  ;  in  verj 
small  doses,  gr.  %,  it  is  a  mild  tunic.  Ii  is  used  mainly 
asasafe  ami  prompt  emetic,  in  membranous  croup,  and 
in  the  summer  diarrhea  of  children.  1  lose  as  an 
expectorant  gr.  ss-ij ;  as  an  emetic  gr.  xv-xxx.  I., 
Acetum.  (I!.  P.)  Doserr<v-xl.  I., Ext, Fid.  Dose 
mj-v.  I.,  Syr.,  5  per  cent,  strength.  Dose  ^j-^ss. 
I.,  Vin.,  7  per  cent,  in  strength.  1  lose  ll\j— sjj.  I., 
Trochisci,  contain  each  '+  gr.  of  the  drug.  I.  et  mor- 
phinae,  Trochisci,  contain  each,morphin  sulph.  gr.^, 
ipecac gr.TV,  with  flavoring-oil  ami  sugar.  Let  opii, 
Pulvis  (Pulv.  ipec.  comp.,  Ii.  P.)  Dover's  pow- 
der, contains  ipecac  and  opium  each  io,  sugar  of 
milk  So  parts.  Dose  gr.  ij-xv.  I.  cum  scilla,  Pil. 
(B.  P.)  Dose  gr.  v-x.  I.  et  opii,  Tinct.,  deodor- 
ized tinct.  of  opium  ioo,  evaporated  to  85,  fid.  ext. 
ipecac  10,  alcohol  q.  s.  ad  100.  Dose  rr>v-xxx. 
Emetin.  Dose  as  an  expectorant  gr.  jjjj— ^5  ;  as  an 
emetic   yi-1/. 

Ipomcea  Up-o-me' -ah)  (m.  worm;  bpoiog,  like].  A 
genus  of  convolvulaceous  plants  ;  bindweeds.  I. 
batatas  is  the  sweet  potato.  I.  purga.  See  Jalap. 
I.  pandurata,  of  the  I'.  S. ,  resembles  jalap  in  its 
action.  The  seeds  of  I.  ccerulia  are  recommended  as 
a  useful  intestinal  stimulant.  I.  turpethum  affords  tur- 
peth-root,  q.v.  Many  other  species  are  medicinal.  Unof. 

Iralgia  {i-ral' -je-ah) .     See Iridalgia. 

Irascibility  {i-ras-ib-il'-it-e)  [irasci,  to  be  angry].  The 
quality  of  being  choleric,  irritable,  or  of  hasty  temper. 
It  is  a  frequent  symptom  in  some  varieties  of  insanity 
and  in  neurasthenia,  and  in  some  cases  it  amounts  to  a 
species  of  insanity. 

Iridaemia  [ir-id:e,-me-ah).      See  Tridemia. 

Iridal  Uf-rid-al)  [ipic,  iris].      Relating  to  the  iris. 

Iridalgia  (i-rid-al ' -je-ak)  [Ipig,  iris;  aAyog,  pain]. 
Pain  referable  to  the  iris. 

Iridauxesis  [ir-id-awks-e* -sis)  [Ipig,  iris;  avi;7]Gig,  in- 
crease].     Auxesis  or  tumefaction  of  the  iris. 

Iridavulsion  [ir-id-av-ul'-shun)  [Ipig,  iris;  avellere,  to 
tear  away].      Surgical  avulsion  of  the  iris. 

Iridectome  [ir-id-ek' '-torn)  [Ipig,  iris;  euro/a},  a  cutting 
out].      A  cutting  instrument  used  in  iridectomy. 

Iridectomy  {ir-id-ek* -to-me)  [>'<>"-'•  iris;  ikto/jt/,  ex- 
cision]. The  cutting  out  of  a  part  of  the  iris.  I., 
Antiphlogistic,  one  performed  in  inflammatory  pro- 
cesses for  therapeutic  purposes.  In  Optic  I.  the  piece 
of  iris  excised  is  over  a  portion  of  the  lens  for  beneath 
a  portion  of  cornea  clearer  than  that  exposed  in  the 
natural  pupil,  as  a  result  of  which  additional  vision  is 
gained.  See  Pupil,  Artificial.  I.,  Preliminary,  is 
performed  in  advance  of  the  extraction  of  cataract, 
instead  of  at  the  same  time. 

Iridectropium  [ir-id-ek-trof -pe-um)  [Ipig,  iri> ;  eicrp6iriov, 
eversion].      Eversion  of  a  part  of  the  iris. 

Iridemia  {ir-id-e' '-me-ah)  [Ipig,  iris;  alfia,  blood]. 
Hemorrhage  from  the  iris. 

Iridencleisis,  or  Iridenkleisis  {ir-id-en-klif -sis)  [Ipig, 
iris  ;  tyn'/.eiv,  to  lock  in].      See  Iridodesis. 
40 


Iridentropium  [ir  id  (    um)  [Ipig,  iris  ;  kvrp 

a  turning  in].      Inversion  of  a  part  of  tin 

Irideremia  [ir-id-er-e'  mi  ah)  [Ipig.  iris;  epijfiia,  lack]. 
Absence  of  one  or  both  iridi 

Iridescence  {ir-id-es' -ens)  [iridescere,  to  shine  with 
rainbow-colors].  The  property  of  breaking  up  light 
into  the  spectral  <  .  l,,i- 

Iridesis  [ir-id-e* -sis).      See  Iridodesis. 

Indian  U-rid '-c-an)  [Ipig,  iris].  Relating  to  the  iris; 
iridal. 

Iridicolor  [ir-id,-ic-ul-or)  [iris,  a  rainbow;  color,  color]. 
In  biology,  iridescent ;   exhibiting  prismatic  colors. 

Iridin  (if-rid-in)  [Ipig,  iris].  Irisin ;  a  precipitated  ex- 
tract of  Blue  Flag.     See  Iris. 

Iriditis  [ir-id-i'-tis).      Same  as  Iritis. 

Iridization  (ir-id-iz-a' -shun)  [Ipig,  iris].  The  subjec- 
tive appearance,  as  of  an  iridescent  halo  seen  by  per- 
sons affected  with  glaucoma. 

Iridocele  (i-rid'-o-sel)  [Ipig,  iris;  td/2.7),  hernia].  Pro 
trusion  of  a  part  of  the  iris  through  a  wound  or  ulcer. 

Iridochoroiditis  [ir-id-o-ko-roid-i' -tis)  [Ipig,  iris;  %6- 
piov,  chorion;  eidog,  likeness;  irtc,  inflammation]. 
Inflammation  of  both  the  iris  and  the  choroid  of  the 
eye,  the  form  usually  assumed  in  sympathetic  oph- 
thalmia. 

Iridocinesis  {ir-id-o-sin-e'-sis).      See  IriJokinesis. 

Iridocyclitis  lir-id-o-sik-li' '-(is)  [ipig,  iris;  tcvuXog,  a 
circle;  inr,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the  iris 
and  the  ciliary  body.      See  Cyclitis. 

Iridocyclochoroiditis  {ir-id-o-sik-lo-ko-roid-i'-tis)  \lpig, 
iris;  kIk'/oc,  circle  ;  %6piov,  chorion;  eldog,  likeness ; 
trig,  inflammation].  Combined  inflammation  of  the 
iris,  the  ciliary  body,  and  the  choroid. 

Iridocyte  {ir'-id-o-sit)  [_ij>ic,  rainbow;  Kvrog,  cell]. 
Any  cell  that  produces  color,  either  by  means  of  its 
structure  or  its  contents. 

Iridodesis  [ir-id-od/-es-is)  [Ipcg,  iris;  (Maig,  a  binding 
together].  An  obsolete  method  of  displacing  the  nor- 
mal pupil  by  ligature,  instead  of  iridectomy. 

Iridodialysis  [ir-id-o-di-alf-is-is).     See  Coredia lysis. 

Iridodonesis  {jr-id-o-do-ne'-sis)  [Ipt-g,  iris  ;  d&wjoig,  a 
trembling].     Tremulousness  of  the  iris;   hippus. 

Iridokinesis  [ir-id-o-kin-e' -sts)  [Ipig,  iris;  nil  ~  . 
movement].  Any  movement  of  the  iris,  normal  or 
otherwise. 

Iridomalacia  (ir-id-o-mal-a'-se-ah)  [ipig,  iris  ;  fidXania, 
softness].      Morbid  softening  of  the  iris. 

Iridomotor  (ir-id-o-mo'-tor)  [ipic,  iris  ;  movere,  to  move]. 
Promoting  the  motion  of  the  iris. 

Iridoncosis  {ir-id-on-ko'-sis)  [ipig,  iris;  bjxuoig,  a 
puffing  out].      Thickening  of  the  iris. 

Iridoncus  {ir-id-ong'-kus)  [ipig,  iris;  bynog,  mass].  A 
tumor  or  swelling  of  the  iris. 

Iridoparalysis  [ir-id-o-par-aV '-is-is)  [ipig,  iris;  Trapd- 
'/rnic,  paralysis].      Paralysis  of  the  iris. 

Iridoparesis  {ir-id-o-par'-es-is)  [Ipig,  iris;  -npeatg,  a 
letting  go].      A  slight  or  partial  paralysis  of  the  iris. 

Iridoplania  {ir-id-o-pla' -ne-ah)  [Ipig,  iris ;  -/.air],  a 
wandering].     Same  as  Hippus. 

Iridoplasma  [ir-id-o-plaz'-mah)  [ipig,  iris ;  rr/.aaua, 
anything  formed].  A  form  of  degeneration  of  the 
iris. 

Iridoplegia  [ir-id-o-plef -je-ak)  [ipig,  iris  ;  TrXjjyq,  stroke]. 
Paralysis  of  the  sphincter  of  the  iris. 

Iridoptosis  [ir-id-op-tor -sis)  [Ipig,  iris;  irrcoaig,  a  fall- 
ing].     Prolapse  of  the  iris. 

Irido-pupillary  [ir-id-o-pu' -pil-a-re)  [ipig.  iris  ;  pupilla, 
the  pupil  of  the  eye].  Pertaining  to  the  iris  and  the 
pupil. 

Iridorrhexis  (ir-id-or-reks^-is)  [ipig,  iris;  l>i,£ig,  a 
breaking].  Iridectomy  with  iridavulsion.  Rupture  of 
the  iris. 


[l 

■ 
I 

; 


1KI1»  >S<  li 

I 

it]. 

itting]. 

uj. 

I       1  lie 

dy  ; 
Bag. 


V 


m  1 


. 


I  in  four  equal  parts 

inner 

I 

1       r  sur- 

trunk,  of  vasa  vor- 

iroid    zone 

iliary  tnus- 

15.  Small  at 


of  Ciliary 

v  and  ikis. 
1,  i.  Ciliary  ]•< 

rounded  extremities. 

5  with  hi- 
emity. 
ulated 
y  pro- 
id      8, 

umfer- 
11,  11. 

riiiK 


IRREGULARITY 

principle,  iridin.     The    fresh    rhizome   is  purgative, 

emetic,  and  diuretic,  and  is  serviceable  in  catarrh  of 

the  duodenum,    and  in   malarial  ailments.      I.,   Ext. 

I.,  Ext.  Fid.     Dosem^v-gj.     Iridin, 

,resin,  is  a  cholagogue.      Unof.      Dose  gr.  j-v. 

1  he  genus  J-,    embraces  many  other  species,  some  of 

-11  purgative,  and   some  reputed  to   be  poisonous. 

I.,  Absence   of.     See   Irideremia. 

I..    Angle   of,  that  formed    by   the   junction   of  the 

and   the  iris.      I. -contraction.     Sec  A',//, 

I. -green.      Same      as     Bladder-green. 
1..  Prolapse  of  (or  Hernia  of),  protrusion  of  a  \-'\ 
of  the  iris  through  an  opening  in  the  cornea  or 
ra ;     when    the  iris  is  adherent   the  condition    is 
called  antei  vn  chia;  when  the  iri>  is  adherent 

to  the  lens  behind,  the  condition  is  called  posterior 
syne,  kia.  I.,  Tremulous,  arises  from  non-support  of 
the  iris  in  aphakia  or  dislocation  of  the  crystalline  lens. 

Irish  1     [ME.,     Irish,    Irish].      Pertaining    to 

Ireland.  I.  Ague.  Synonym  of  Typhus  Fever,  q.v. 
I.  Moss.     Si  irus. 

Irisin  (i'-ris-in)  [tptf,  iris].  The  precipitate  from  a 
tincture  of  the  rool  oi  Blue-flag,  Iris  versicolor;  it  i> 
cholagogue,  sialagogue,  and  diuretic.  Dose  2  to  4 
grains.      I  nof. 

Iritic  {i-rif-ik)  ['/«<;,  iris;  inc,  inflammation],  <  )f  the 
nature  of,  pertaining  to,  or  affected  with,  iritis. 

Iritis  [i-ri'-h  iris;  ins,  inflammation].      In  flam  - 

1  mation  of  the  iris,  called  after  its  origin,  or  character, 
blennorrhagic,  rheumatic,  diabetic,  syphilitic,  plastic, 
serous,  primary,  secondary.  I.,  Condylomatous, 
I.  papulosa  ;  that  accompanied  by  the  formation  of 
papules  or  condylomata  in  the  iris.  I.  gummosa, 
that  in  which  gummata  are  formed  in  the  iris.  I. 
papulosa.     See  /. ,  Condylomatous. 

Iritomy  [i-rif '-o-me).     See  Iridotomy. 

Iron  (i'-em)  [ME.,  iron,  iron].  See  Ferrutn.  I. 
Bath.  See  Bath.  I.  Minium.  Same  as  Colcothar. 
I.  Wood,  the  heart-wood  of  Ostrya  virginica,  a 
tonic,  antiperiodic,  and  alterative.  It  has  been 
successfully  used  in  malarial  diseases,  neuralgia,  and 
strumous  affections.  Dose  of  the  lid.  ext.,  ,^ss-j. 
I  ii'  »f. 

Irradiating  [ir-ra' '-de-a-ting)  [irradiare, to  emit  rays  in 
every  direction].  Radiating  from  a  center,  as  a  pain 
arising  from  a  definite  focus  of  irritation. 

Irradiation  [ir-ra-de-a' -shuri)  [irradidtio  ;  irradiare,  to 
emit  rays  in  every  direction).  A  phenomenon  in 
which,  owing  to  the  difference  in  the  illumination  of 
the  field  of  vision,  or  its  background,  objects  appear 
much  larger  than  they  really  are. 

Irreducible  [ir-re-du s'-ib-t)  [in,  not;  reducere,  to  lead 
back].  That  which  cannot  be  reduced  or  restored  to 
its  normal  condition.  In  chemistry,  applied  to  a 
npound  that  cannot  be  separated.  In  surgery, 
applied  to  a  fracture  or  dislocation  that  cannot  be 
re]. laced.      I.  Hernia.      See  Hernia. 

Irregular  [ir-reg1 '-u-lar)   [in.  not;   regula,  rule].      Not 
ular ;  not  normal  1  ling  to  rule;  not  rhythmic ; 

not  recurring  at  proper  intervals. 

Irregularity  t  lar'-it-e)  \in,  not ;  regula,  a  rule]. 

Lack  of  regularity;  unevenness.  I.  of  the  Teeth, 
deviation  of  the  teeth  from  their  natural  arrangement 
b  of  frequent  occur  ind   b  dependent   upon  a 

vat  tuses.     The  following  are  among  the  most 

frequent:  1.  Want  of  synchronism  between  the 
destruction  of  the  roots  of  the  temporary  teeth  and 
tin-  growth  ol  the  permanent  teeth.  2.  The  premature 
removal  of  one  or  more  of  the  temporarj  teeth.  3. 
Disproportion  between  the  size  "i  1  eolar  arch 

1I1.      4.   Supernumerary  teeth.      5.   Mai- 
1   the  jaw.^. 


IRRESPIRAM.E 


(;■•; 


ISCIIIOCERITE 


Irrespirable    {ir-res-pi' -rab-l)    [in,    not ;    respirare,   to 

breathe].     Not  capable  of  being  breathed. 

Irrigant  (ir^-ig-ant)  [irrigare,  to  lead  water  to].  A 
substance  or  wash  used  in  or  by  irrigation. 

Irrigation  {ir-ig-a' 'shun)  [irrigare,  to  lead  water  to]. 
The  application  of  water,  especially  a  stream,  to  an 
inflamed  or  abnormal  tissue  for  purposes  ol  moistening, 
antisepsis,  cooling,  or  flushing  the  part. 

Irrigator  (ir* -ig-a-tor)  [irrigare,  to  lead  water  to].  An 
apparatus,  or  device,  for  accomplishing  the  irrigation 
of  a  part,  surface,  or  cavity. 

Irritability  (ir-it-ab-W '-it-e)  [irritabilitas,  irritability]. 
The  quality  of  being  susceptible  to  excitement  "r 
irritation.  I.,  Faradic,  the  muscular  contraction 
caused  by  a  secondary  or  induced  current.  I.,  Gal- 
vanic, the  muscular  contraction  caused  by  the 
direct  current.  I.,  Muscular,  the  inherent  contractile 
quality  of  a  mibcle.  I.,  Nervous,  the  property  of  a 
nerve  to  transmit  impulses  upon  stimulation. 
also,  Irascibility. 

Irritable  {ir* -it-ab-l)  [irritabilis,  easily  excited]. 
Easily  inflamed.  Susceptible  to  irritation.  I.  Blad- 
der, a  condition  of  the  bladder  marked  by  constant 
ire  to  void  urine.  I.  Breast,  a  neuralgic  condi- 
tion of  the  mammary  gland,  usually  associated  with 
uterine  affections,  or  with  intercostal  neuralgia.  I. 
Heart,  Da  Costa's  term  for  a  peculiar  condition  of  the 
heart  characterized  by  precordial  pain,  dyspnea  on  exer- 
tion, palpitation,  and  irregularity  oi  the  heart's  action. 
It  is  induced  by  over-exertion,  masturbation,  and  neu- 
rotic tendencies.  Hypertrophy  may  occasionally 
develop.  I.  Spine,  a  condition  of  spinal  anemia 
frequently  occurring  in  young  hysteric  females.  There 
is  pain  along  the  spine,  with  tenderness  on  pressure, 
and  vertigo,  nausea,  palpitation,  and  neuralgias.  I. 
Testicle.  See  Testicle.  I.  Tongue,  the  clean,  very- 
red  tongue,  with  enlarged  reel  papillae  about  its  tip, 
seen  in  the  dyspepsia  of  drunkards. 

Irritant  (ir'-it-ant )  [irritare,  to  excite].  I.  Causing, 
or  giving  rise  to,  irritation.  2.  An  agent  or  remedy  that 
induces  irritation  or  inflammation.  I.,  Chemic,  one 
acting  by  virtue  of  its  affinity  for  the  elements  or 
compounds  of  organic  tissue,  as  nitric  acid,  or  potassic 
hydrate.  I.,  Mechanical,  one  causing  lesions  or 
inflammations  by  mechanical  operation,  as  cuts,  con- 
tusions, pressure,  or  distention.  I.,  Nervous,  one 
acting  through  the  medium  of  the  nerves. 

Irritation  {ir-it-a'shuri)  [irritatio,  excitement].  A  con- 
dition of  undue  excitement.  Also,  an  inflamed  state. 
Also,  the  stimulus  necessary  to  the  performance  of  the 
functions  of  an  organ. 

Irritative  (ir'-it-a-tiv)  [irritare,  to  excite].  Exciting  or 
irritating.  I.  Fever,  a  febrile  condition  dependent 
upon  the  presence  in  the  body  of  irritating  substances. 
Also  a  synonym  of  Simple  Continued  Fever. 

Irrorate  (ir'-or-at)  [in,  upon;  r or are,  to  distil  dew]. 
In  biology,  minutely  dotted,  as  it'  with  small  dew- 
drops. 

Irrumation  [ir-u-ma' 'shun)  [irruniare,  to  give  suck]. 
Same  as  Buccal  Coitus,  </.  :■. 

Isabel,  Isabelle  (iz'-a-bel)  [/sab,  //,-,  a  woman's  name]. 
Drab,  or  yellowish  gray. 

Isadelphous  [isad-eV -fits)  [iaog,  equal;  adeTujiSg, 
brother].  In  biology,  having  an  equal  number  of 
stamens  in  each   bundle  or  brotherhood. 

Isambert's  Disease.  Acute  miliary  tuberculosis  of 
the  larynx  and  pharynx. 

Isandrous  (isan' -drus)  \laoc,  equal  ;  iniip,  a  male]. 
In  biology,  having  stamens  alike  and  corresponding  in 
number  to  the  petals. 

Isanthous  [isan'-thus)  [iaog,  equal;  avOog,  a  flower]. 
In  biology,  having  regular  flowers. 


Isatin  (i ' satin)  [la&Tig,  wood],  C8H  ,N(  >,.  A  substance 
obtained  by  the  oxidation  of  indigo  with  HN08.  Ir. 
crvstallizes  in  yellowish  red  monoclinic  prisms,  melting 
at  20I°  C.  It  dissolves  in  water  and  in  alcohol  with  a 
reddish  brown  color;  it  has  a  disagreeable  odor.  I.- 
yellow.    See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of . 

Isatoxim  {isat-oks* -im)  ['/nunc,  wood  ;  .  poison], 

i  jHjNjOj.  A  substance  prepared  from  isatin  and 
hydroxylamin.      It  crystallizes  from  alcohol  in  yellow 

lie-,  and   lllelt-  at    202°  C. 

Isatropylcocain  (isat-ro' '-pil-ko-ka' '-in) ,  C19HMNj  »,. 
An  amorphous  alkaloid  from  coca  leaves.  It  has  no 
anesthetic  pi  but  is  said  to  be  an  active  cardiac 

poison.      I  nof.      See  Cocamin. 

Ischemia  (is-ht  J-me-ah)  [  .check;  difia,  blood]. 

Bloodlessness.  Deficiency  of  the  supply  of  blood  to 
a  part.      Local  anemia. 

Ischemic  (is  kemf-ik)  [j^xtiv,  to  check;  alpa,  blood]. 
Affected  with  or  relating  to  ischemia. 

Ischesis  (is'-kes-is)  \_m\ur,  to  check].  Retention  or 
suppression  of  a  discharge  or  secretion. 

Ischiadic  (is-ke-adf-ik).     Same  as  Ischiatic. 

Ischiagra  (is-ke-a  \   ['la^ior,  hip;  aypa,  seizure]. 

Gout  in  the  hip. 

Ischial  {is'-ke-al)  [laxiov,  ischium].  Pertaining  or 
belonging  to  the  ischium. 

Ischialgia  [is-ke-al'-je-ah)  [laxiov,  hip ;  akyog,  pain]. 
Sciatica  ;   neuralgia  of  the  hip. 

Ischialgic  (is-ke-all-jik)  [lax'wv,  hip;  akyog,  pain]. 
Relating  to  or  attected  with  ischialgia. 

Ischiatic  (is-ke-af -ik)  [laxiov,  hip].  Pertaining  to  the 
ischium.       I.    Notches,    the    not  greater    and 

lesser,  of  the  ischium.  The  former  transmits  the 
pyriformis  muscle,  gluteal  vessels,  and  superior  gluteal 
nerve,  the  latter  the  tendon  of  the  obturator  interims, 
its  nerve,  and  the  pudic  vessels  and  nerve.  These 
notches  are  called  also  sacro-sciatic  notches. 
illustration  on  p.  228.) 

Ischiatitis  (is-ke-at-i' -tis)  [laxiov,  hip  ;  trig,  inflamma- 
tion].     Inflammation  of  the  sciatic  nerve. 

Ischiatocele  (is-ke-at'-osel).     See  Ischiocele. 

Ischidrosis  {is-kid-rc/ sis)  [iaxeiv,  to  suppress  ;  itipug, 
sweat].      Suppression  of  sweat. 

Ischidrotic  (is-kid-rof -ik)  [icxeiv,  to  suppress  ;  idp&g, 
sweat].  Causing  a  retention  or  suppression  of  the 
sweat. 

Ischien  (isf-ke-en)  [laxiov,  hip].  Belonging  to  the 
ischium  in  itself. 

Ischigalactic  (is-ke-gal-akr  -tik)  [iaxuv,  to  restrain  ; 
;<//<;,  milk].  I.  'lending  to  check  the  flow  of  milk. 
2.  An  antigalactic  agent  or  medicine. 

Ischio-  (is,-ke-o-)  [laxiov,  hip].  A  prefix  indicating 
relationship  to  the  ischium.  I. -anal,  pertaining  to 
the  ischium  and  the  anus.  I. -bulbar,  pertaining  to 
the  ischium  and  the  bulb  of  the  urethra.  I. -capsular, 
pertaining  to  the  ischium  and  the  capsular  ligament  of 
the  hip.  I.-cavernosus,  the  muscle  that  compn 
the  veins  of  the  aits  penis  and  assist-  in  the  erection 
of  the  penis.  The  I.-clitorianus  has  a  similar  rela 
tion  to  the  clitoris.  SeeMuscles,  Tabic  of.  I. -fibular, 
pertaining  both  to  the  ischium  and  the  fibula.  I.- 
neuralgia,  sciatica.  I. -perineal,  belonging  to  or 
pertaining  to  both  ischium  and  perineum  ;  pertaining 
to  the-  space-  between  the  anus  and  the  scrotum.  I.- 
pubeotomy.  See  Farabceuf  \s  Operation.  I. -sacral, 
relating  te>  the  ischium  anel  the  sacrum.  I. -tibial, 
relating  both  to  the  ischium  and  the  tibia.  I. -verte- 
bral, relating  to   the  ischium  and  the  vertebral  ce>lumn. 

Ischiocele  [is' -ke-osil)  [laxiov,  hip;  «^h],  tumor].  Is- 
chiatic hernia. 

Ischiocerite  [is-ke-os' '-er-it)  [laxiov,  hip-joint;  tcipag, 
horn].      In   biology,  the   third  joint  of  the  developed 


ant 


[SODYNAMIC 


I 


.     iins ; 
urmyeli- 

.   by  the 

to  hip- 

the  typical  limb 


I 


ischium  . 
ium   and    rectum. 
1.  Cellulitis,  an  inflammation  of  the 

U  ing  the 
ir  at  any 
lily  near  llie 
I.  Fossa,  a  < 
ither  -i<l 
mi. 
..    hip].      I.    I'll'-    in: 

upon 

ire.      It  forms  a 

illustration  on  p. 

■  I    .1 

iite. 

Isc!  vpog, 

■.villi   *liidit  develop- 

Ischr.     . 

»s].     A  pretix  mean- 

iuppress; 
.    ius  dis- 


Is< 


Isc  •' 
IscJ 


I 

■ 


Isct 


uppress; 

■ 

bile. 
•  '■ '  »uppi 
;he   natural    flow    of 

suppress ; 
il  flow. 

rual  flow. 

•  eh. 

■ 

i    check  ; 

■ 

2.     A 

■ 

I.  para- 
sive 
j  of 


-..j 


Ischyomyc'.  I  V/./ 


Isidium  (i-sid'-e-um)  [L.  :  pi.,  fsidia].  In  biology, 
an  nee  frequently  found  upon  lichens;   ii  cor 

ponds  to  a  soredium. 

Isinglass    (.  See   Ichthyocolla   and   Glue. 

I.,  Vegetable.  ir-agar. 

Island  (i'-land)  [ME.,  Hand,  island].  Sec  Insula 
and   />'  I.  of  Reil,  the  central  lobe  of  the 

hemisphere  of  the  brain,  situated  at  the  base,  on  either 
side  .it'  the  fissure  of  Sylvius.     See  Insula. 

Iso-  (/'■  .  equal].     A  prefix  signifying  equality. 

Iso-amylamin  (i-so-am-ilf -am-in)  [tcroc, equal;  amylum, 
starch;  amin\.  A  ptomaine  obtained  in  the  distilla- 
tion of  horn  with  potassic  hydrate;  it  also  occur*  in 
the  putrefaction  of  yeast.  It  boils  at  95° C,  and  is 
non-poisonous,     See  Ptomaines,  Table  of . 

Iso-apiol  [i-so-a' '-pe-ol)  [loog,  equal ;  opium,  parsley  ; 
oleum,  oil"].  A  substance  obtained  from  apiol,  exer- 
cising a  powerful  influence  upon  the  vasomotor 
system. 

Isobar  {i'-so-bar)  [loog,  equal;  fiapog,  weight].  In 
meteorology,  a  term  denoting  a  line  drawn  through 
points  having  the  same  synchronous  barometric  pres- 
sure. 

Isobrious  (i-so'-bre-us)  [loog,  equal ;  jSplav,  to  be 
strong,  to  make  strong].  In  biology,  applied  to 
dicotyledonous  embryos,  the  two  lobes  of  which  grow 
with  equal  vigor;  isodynamous. 

Isocaprolactone  [i-so-kap-ro-lak' '-ton)  [loog,  equal  ; 
caper,  &  goat;  lac,  milk],  C6H10O2.  A  compound 
produced  by  the  distillation  of  terebic  acid.  It  melts 
at  about  70  ('.  ;  boils  at  2060  C,  or  2070  C.  ;  at  o°C. 
it  is  soluble  in  double  its  bulk  of  water. 

Isocercal  (i-so-ser'-kal')  [loog,  equal;  nfpnoc,  tail].  In 
biology,  having  the  tail  symmetrically  divided  by  the 
straight  back-bone. 

Isocholesterin  (i-so-ko-les'-ter-in)  [Jong,  equal  ;  {<>'/'/, 
bile;  oriap,  fat],  < '._,,-,  1 1,,<  >.  A  substance  isomeric 
with  cholesterin,  and  found  in  distilled  sheeps'  fat;  it 
melts  at  1380  C. 

Isocholin  [i-so-ko1 '-liri)  [loog,  equal ;  xoA'h  bile],  CgH15- 
N02.  \  body  isomeric  with  cholin;  it  is  found  in  fly- 
agaric, and  maybe  formed  by  oxidizing  cholin. 

Isochromatic  (i-so-kro-maf '-ik\  [loog,  equal  ;  xf"~'"'"< 
color].      Having  the  same  color. 

Isochronism  {i-sok'-ro-nizm)  [loog,  equal ;  Xf>'"'"r- 
time].  The  quality  of  occurring  at  equal  intervals  of 
time,  or  lasting  for  equal  periods  of  time. 

Isochronous  (i-sok' -ro-nus)  [loog,  equal;  xPov°g> 
time].  Having,  occurring  at,  or  occupying  equal  in- 
tervals of  time. 

Isocoria  [i-so-ko* '-re-ah)  [loog,  equal;  k6/»/,  pupil]. 
Equality  in  diameter  of  the  two  pupils. 

Isocyclus  (i-so-si* -klus~)  [loog,  equal;  hih'/nr,  circle]. 
In  biology,  an  organism  consisting  of  a  series  of 
similar  rings. 

Isodactylous  {i-so-dak' -til-us)  [loog,  equal  ;  oaKrvhaq, 
digit].      In  biology,  having  the  toes  and  digits  alike. 

Isodimorphism       [i-so-di-morf'-ism)      [loog,      equal  ; 
.     two-formed],        A     form    of    dimorphism, 
characterized  by  the  appearance  of  a  substance  in  two 
similar  but  incompatible  forms. 

Isodiometric  {i-so-di-o-mef -rik)  [long,  equal;  did, 
through  ;  fii  rpov,  measure  j.      I  laving  equal  diameter*. 

Isodont  [loog,  equal;   bSobq,  tooth].     Hav- 

ing teeth  of  the  same  size  and  shape. 

Isodulcite  (i-so-dulf-sif).      See  Rhamnose. 

Isodynamia  nam'     ah)   [loog,    equal;   tivvafiic, 

force].     The  pi  oi   being  isodynamic. 

Isodynamic  [i-so-idi-nam'-ik)  [loog,  equal;  dbva/ug, 
force].  Having  equal  force.  I.  Foods,  those  that 
produce  an  equal  amount  oi  heat  in  undergoing  the 
chemic  changes  of  digestion. 


ISODYNAM'  »l   > 


629 


[SOPHORIA 


Isodynamous  (i-so-di'  nam  us)  [ioog,  equal  ;  fivvaptg, 
power,  force].      Same  as  Isobrious. 

Iso-electric  \i-so-e-lek' -trie)  [ioog,  equal;  iffxKTpov, 
amber].  Equally  electric;  applied  to  two  bodies 
or  points.  I.  Curves.  See  Tension-curves.  I. 
Surfaces.     See  Tension  plan,   . 

Isogamous    {is     '  atn-us)    [ioog,  equal;  mar- 

riage]. A  term  used  to  designate  thai  mode  of  repro- 
duction in  which  the  uniting  gametes  are  of  equal 
size.     The  same  as  o  injugating. 

Isogamy  (/-y<;i>'/-</w-(-)  [ioog,  equal;  yd//o£,  marriage]. 
In  biology,  conjugation  <>f  similai  gametes. 

Isogeny  {i-soj' '-en-e)  [ioog,  equal;  ysvog,  kind].  In 
biology,  having  a  general  similarity  of  origin. 

Isognathous  (/  sog1 '-na-thus)  L"7"1 .  equal  ;  ;  vadog,  jaw]. 
In  biology,  having  the  molar  teeth  of    both  jaws  alike. 

Isogonic  {i-so-gon' '-ik)  [ioog,  equal  ;  yoi-og,  offspring]. 
In  biology,  characterized  by  isogonism. 

Isogonism  {i-sog' -o-nizm)  [ioog,  equal;  y6vog,  off- 
spring]. In  biology,  the  production  by  different  stocks 
of  sexual  organisms  of  identical  structure. 

Isogynous  {i-soj' -in-us)  [ioog,  equal;  ywrj,  female]. 
In  biology,  having  the  pistils  or  carpels  equal  in 
number  to  the  sepals. 

Isolate  (is'-so-ld/  or  i'-so-ldt)  [isola,  an  island].  To 
separate  one  from  another.  To  place  apart.  In 
chemistry,  to  separate  an  element  from  its  combina- 
tion.     In  electricity,  to  insulate. 

Isolation  [is-o-la' '-shun)  [isola,  an  island].  The  act 
or  process  of  isolating,  or  the  state  of  being  isolated; 
separation  of  those  ill  of  contagious  diseases  from 
other  persons. 

Isologous  {i-sol* -o-gus)  [ioog,  equal ;  7.6yog,  method, 
ratio,  or  system].  Having  similar  relations  or  pro- 
portions. A  qualification  applied  to  compounds  con- 
taining a  like  number  of  carbon -atoms,  with  a  gradually 
decreasing  number  of  hydrogen-atoms. 

Isolophobia  (is-o-lo-fo'  -bc-ah)  [isola,  an  island;  0o/3oc, 
fear].      Morbid  dread  of  being  alone. 

Isomastigate  (i-so-mas' -tig-at)  [ioog,  equal ;  pdori^,  a 
whip].  In  biology,  applied  to  organisms  bearing  two 
or  more  similar  Ilagella. 

Isomer  {i'-som-er)  [ioouepi/g,  having  equal  parts].  An 
isomeric  body.      The  same  as  hornet-id. 

Isomere  {if -so-mer)  [ioofiepr/g,  having  equal  parts].  In 
biology,  a  portion  of  one  organism  that  is  homologous 
with  a  portion  of  another  organism. 

Isomeric  {i-so  mer'-ik)  [ioog,  equal ;  n&pog,  a  part].  In 
chemistry,  applied  to  substances  having  the  same  cen- 
tesimal composition,  but  the  molecules  of  which  have 
an  essentially  different  structure  and  chemic  properties  ; 
e.g.,  aldehyd  and  ethylene  oxid,  both  of  which  have 
the  formula  C2H40.  The  former,  however,  has  the 
structure — 

Methyl.  Carbonic 
oxid. 
CH3  — CO  — H, 

while  the  latter  is  composed  of  two  molecules  of 
ethylene,  joined  by  an  atom  of  oxygen,  thus  (CH2) — 
O — (CH.,).  This,  the  most  common  type  of  isomer- 
ism, is  sometimes  called  metamerism.  The  term  is  also 
applied  to  substances  having  the  same  centesimal  com- 
position, but  whose  molecular  weights  are  in  even 
multiples,  a  type  of  isomerism  commonly  called  poly- 
merism.  Also,  in  crystallography,  applied  to  any  sub- 
stance that  crystallizes  in  more  than  one  form.  Also, 
applied  to  a  substance  existing  in  two  or  more 
forms,  a  type  of  isomerism  called  allotropism.  I. 
Theory  of  Nerve-force ;  Herbert  Spencer's 
hypothesis  that  in  nervous  action  the  disturbance 
transmitted  is  a  wave  of   isomeric  change,   the  alter- 


nation  of  isomeric  states  depending  upon  both  nerve- 
fiber  and  molecular  continuity. 

Isomerids  {i-som*  ,  consisting  of  equal 

pan  ,  equal;   uepog,  a  part].      A    name   applied 

to  different  substances  possessing  the  same  molecular 
composition.  I.,  Physical,  a  designation  applied  to 
rivations  to  which  one  and  the  same  structural 
formula  niu-i  be  assigned.  They  have  been  explained 
by  assuming  them  to  be  different  aggregations  ol  mole- 
cules that  were  chemically  similar.  See  also  Physi- 
cal Mold  l/lt-S. 

Isomerism  {j.-somf -er-izni)  [ioog,  equal;  \tkpog,  a  part]. 
I  be  phenomenon  ol  bodies  of  like  composition  and 
like  number  of  atom-,  being  different  in  physical  or 
in  chemic  properties,  or  in  both.  I.,  Geometric. 
Alloisomerism,  q.v.  I.,  Spatial.  Same  as  /. ,  < 
metric. 

Isomerous  {i-som' '-er-us)  [ioog,  equal ;  \ikpog,  part, 
share].  In  biology,  having  an  equal  number  of  parts, 
ridges,  or  markings. 

Isometric  {i- so-met' -rik)  [ioog,  equal ;  perpov,  measure]. 
Of»  equal  measure.  I.  Act,  the  t<  nsion  of  a  muscle 
when  stimulated,  its  length  remaining  constant. 

Isometropia  {i-so-met-ro1 '-pe-ak)  [ioog,  equal  ;  uerpov, 
measure;  uTp,  eye].  Equality  of  kind  and  degree  in 
the  refraction  of  the  two  eyes. 

Isomorph  [i'-so-morf)  [ioog,  equal  ;  uopijyf],  form].  In 
biology,  one  of  two  similar  organisms  belonging  to 
different  groups. 

Isomorphic  {i-so-mor'-Jik)  [ioog,  equal ;  fiopoi/,  form]. 
In  biology,  pertaining  to  morphologic  similarity. 

Isomorphism  {i-so-mor' -Jizm)  [ioog,  equal;  no 
form].  Similarity  in  crystalline  form.  Also,  the  replace- 
ment of  one  element  in  a  crystalline  salt  by  another, 
without  alteration  of  form  or  system.  I.,  Heteromer- 
ous,  a  condition  of  dissimilarity  in  molecular  composi- 
tion. I.,  Isomerous,  a  condition  of  similarity  in 
molecular  composition.  I.,  Polymeric,  the  substitu- 
tion of  two  or  more  atoms  of  one  element  for  one  of 
another,  without  alteration  of  crystalline  form. 

Isonitrosoacetones  {i-so-ni-tro-so-as/ -et-onz) .  A  group 
of  colorless  crystalline  bodies,  readily  soluble  in  ether 
and  in  chloroform,  and  as  a  rule  soluble  with  difficulty 
in  alcohol.  Their  alkaline  solutions  have  an  intensely 
yellow  color. 

Isonitroso-compounds  {i-so-ni-tro'-so-kom'-pnvndz). 
Compounds  that  contain  the  bivalent  oximid  group 
=N.OH  linked  to  carbon. 

Isonomic  [i-so-nom' -ik)  [toovo/wiSg,  having  equality  of 
laws].  In  chemistry,  applied  to  isomorphism  ex- 
isting between  two  compounds  of  like  composition. 

Isonym  {i'-so-nim)  [ioog,  equal;  ovopa,  a  name]..  A 
paronym. 

Isopathotherapy  (i-so-path-o-ther'-ap-e).  Same  as  Iso- 
pathy. 

Isopathy  {i-sop1 '-ath-e)  [ioor,  equal  ;  jzafiog,  suffering]. 
A  term  used  to  denote  the  treatment  of  disease  by 
the  administration  of  one  or  more  of  its  own  products. 
Thus,  smallpox  would  be  treated  by  the  administra- 
tion internally  of  the  variolous  excretions. 

Isopelletierin  {i-so-pel-ef-e-er-in)  [ioog,  equal  ;  pelle- 
tierin\.  A  substance  found  in  the  root-bark  of  Punica 
granatum.     It  has  the  same  properties  as  pelletierin. 

Isopepsin  {i-so-pep/ -sin)  [ioog,  equal  ;  -•  \\>tg,  digestion]. 
I.  A  body  formed  by  heating  pepsin  to  a  point  be- 
tween 1040  and  1400  F.  It  changes  albumin  into 
parapeptone.     2.     Same  as  Parapeptone. 

I„opetalous  {i-so-pef '-al-us)  [ioog,  equal;  -ira/.ov,  a 
leaf].      In  biology,  having  the  petals  alike. 

Isophoria  {i-so-fi/ -re-ah)  [ioog,  equal ;  oopog,  a  tending]. 
A  condition  in  which  the  eyes  lie  in  the  same  hori- 
zontal  plane,  the  tension   of  the  vertical   muscles  of 


n  the 


.  io  bear]. 
c  imi 


1-     A    ' 
ion  in  the 


em  ■•• 

Isopho: 

•  •'  nbJ- 

iers,  the 
:  the  racl 

nin. 

rhe 

tina  at  dif- 

■h   for  form  and 

urpunn  '■'"'■'< 

■    used   in 

irin ;    it  i-    formed  by 

luinondisulphonic  acid  with  sodic 

!  •  a  yellow 

1  '"]> 

ther  withquinal- 

i  in  the  crude  quinolin   from 

lin,  solidifies  at 

Iting  at   20-22°   C, 

tcid  id. 

qua]  ;    o 

I    saccharin.       It 
of  lime  upon  milk-sugar  and 

I  .to   see]. 

i   parallel  ver- 

ised  on  the 

I  the  vertical  lines  of 

•  1  exactly  to 

seed].     In 
mt  one  kind  of  spore  ;   a 


1 


,  equal  ;  o-opd,  seed]. 


norv .  .  ■   |ual  ;   arfifiov, 

■  mens  of  the 
■  orolla. 
ita. 
Iso-'  ,    •  Same      as 

Isothermal  •  ..  •,,  heat]. 

I.  Lines,  in  ph 

ring   the 

time. 

-  hav- 

nperature  may  have. 

other  a  very 

i  i     plaj  '"in 

cold 

I.    Zones, 

■ 


■ 


■  utting].      In 
ig  homo 


I 


on], 
turning]. 

.  a  turn- 


[TER 

ing].  Having  the  same  shape  and  appearance,  from 
whatever  point  observed.  A  term  applied  to  singly- 
refracting  bodies. 

Isozobid  (i-so-zo'-oid)  [taog,  equal;  ^~.>m\  animal; 
elSog,  form].  In  biology,  a  zooid  resembling  the 
organism  producing  it.     Cf.   Allozooid. 

Issue  (isA'-u)  [Fr.,  issue,  from  exire,  to  go  out].  A 
discharging  ulcer,  especially  that  made  artificially 
forpurposes  of  drainage,  or  counter-irritation.  L- 
pea,  a  pea  or  pea  shaped  pellet  (as  of  ivy-wood,  or 
orris-root),  inserted  into  an  issue  to  keep  up  suppura- 
tion.    Orange-seeds  are'also  used  for  the  same  pur 

1" ' 

Istarin  {is' -tar-in).  A  nitrogenous,  phosphorized  sub- 
stance of  complex  structure  occurring  in  brain-tissue. 
Its  properties  have  not  been  investigated. 

Isthmiac,  or  Isthmic  (is'-me-ak  or  is'-tnik)  [i<rtf/«5c, 
a  narrow  passage].  Pertaining  to  any  isthmus,  as 
that  of  the  fauces. 

Isthmitis  (is-mi'-tis)  [lo8[t6g,  a  narrow  passage;  trig, 
inflammation].      Inflammation  of  the  fauces. 

Isthmo-  (is' -mo-)  [loO/idg,  a  neck].  A  prefix  signifying 
the  fauces. 

Isthmocatarrhus  [is-mo-kat-ar/-us)  [laOfidc,  isthmus ; 
Karappietv,  to  flow  down].  A  catarrh  of  the  faucial 
isthmus. 

Isthmodynia  {is-mo-din' '-e-ah)  ['icyOfioc,  neck;  b<Ywri, 
pain].      Pain  in  the  faucial  isthmus. 

Isthmoid  [is'-moid)  [laO/xug,  a  neck;  eldog,  likeness]. 
Resembling  an  isthmus. 

Isthmopathy  {is-mop* -atk-e)  ['icO/uog,  neck;  nadoc, 
disease].     A  disease  of  the  faucial  isthmus. 

Isthmoplegia  [ts-mo-ple'-je-aK)  [lodfiSg,  neck;  ■K'/.rjyj], 
stroke].      Paralysis  of  the  faucial  tract. 

Isthmopolypus  [is-mo-pol'-ip-us)  [ioOfiog,  isthmus; 
-n'/vTrovg,  polyp].      A  polyp  of  the  fauces. 

Isthmorrhagia  ( is  -  mor-  a  '-je  -  ah )  [inttuoc,  isthmus ; 
/>/,;  vhvat,  to  burst  forth].     Hemorrhage  from  the  throat. 

Isthmospasm  {iY -mo-spazm)  [iatt/j6r,  isthmus;  anao/idg, 
spasm].      Spasm  of  the  isthmus  of  the  fauces. 

Isthmus  [is'-mus)  [Ia6/i6g,  isthmus].  The  neck  or 
constricted  part  of  an  organ.  The  part  of  the  brain 
which,  situated  axially,  serves  to  unite  the  forebrain, 
the  cerebellum,  and  the  spinal  cord.  I.,  Gyral,  a  nar- 
row gyrus  connecting  two  adjoining  gyri ;  an  annectant 
convolution  or pli de passage.  I.  of  Fauces,  the  space 
between  the  arches  of  the  palate.  I.  of  Thyroid  Gland, 
the  transverse  cord  connecting  the  lobes  of  the  thyroid 
body. 

Isuretin  [i-su-re'-tin)  [?ffor,  equal  ;  obpav,  urine], 
CH4N20.  A  substance  isomeric  with  urea;  it  appears 
on  evaporating  the  alcoholic  solution  of  hydroxylamin 
and  hydrogen  cyanid.  It  crystallizes  in  rhombic  prisms 
similar  to  those  oi   urea,  and  melts  at  104-50  C. 

Italian  [i-tal'-yan)  \Ztalus,a.n  Italian].  Of  or  pertain- 
ing to  Italy.  I.  Fever.  Synonym  of  Influenza,  and 
also  of  Mediterranean  Fever.  I.  Leprosy.  See 
Pellagra.     I.  Method.     See  Tagliacotian  Method. 

Itch  (ich).  See  Scabies.  I.,  Army.  See  Army.  I., 
Bakers'.  See  /-inker.  I.,  Barbers'.  See  Barber. 
I.,  Bricklayers'.  See  Uriel- /aver.  I.,  Drunkards', 
an  intense  itching  frequent  in  old  alcoholics.  I., 
Grocers'.  See  Grocer.  I. -mite.  See  Acarus 
scabiei.  I.,  Norway,  an  extreme  form  of  general 
scabies  of  the  body,  resulting  in  fish-scale-like  des- 
quamation. Hebra's  first  case  was  from  Norway.  I., 
Warehousemen's.  Same  as  /. ,  Grocers'. 
-ite  {it).  A  suffix  employed  in  mineralogy  denoting  a 
mineral,  or  of  mineral  origin.  A  contraction  of  "KiBog, 
a  -tone. 
Iter  [iter,  a  journey].     A  passage  affording  com- 

munication between  two  or  more  parts.  I.adinfundi- 


-11IS 

bulum,  the  passage  between  the  third  ventricle  of  the 
brain  and  the  infundibulum.  I.  a  palati  ad  aurem, 
the  Eustachian  tube.  I.  a  tertio  ad  quartum  ventri- 
culum,  the  aqueduct  of  Sylvia-.,  extending  from  the 
third  ventricle  to  the  fourth.  I.  chordae  anterius, 
the  aperture  through  which  the  chorda  tympani  nerve 
leaves  the  tympanum.  I.  chordae  posterius,  the 
aperture  through  which  the  chorda  tympani  nerve 
enters  the  tympanum.  I.  dentium,  the  canal  of  the 
permanent  dental  sac  opening  behind  the  correspond- 
ing temporary  tooth  and  through  which  the  permanent 
tooth  ri>es. 

-itis  (i'-lis)  [mc,  inflammation].  A  suffix  used  to  denote 
inflammation. 

Ivory  [if-vor-e)  [ME.,  ivory,  ivory].  The  hard  bone- 
like substance  of  the  tusks  of  elephants.  I. -black. 
See  Carbo  animalis,  and  Pigments,  Conspectus  tf.     I., 


631  JACTITATION 

Dental.     See   Dentine.     I. -brown.     See    Pigments, 
Conspectus  of.      I.  of  Tooth.     See  Dentine. 

Ivy  [i'-ve)  [ME.,  ivy,  ivy].  See  Hedera.  I. -pea,  an 
issue-pea  made  of  the  wood  of  the  ivy.  I.,  Poison. 
See  Rhus. 

Ixodes  [iks-o'-dez)  [J.;cjf5//c,  sticky ;  l^6g,  bird-lime;  eldog, 
form].  An  insect  of  the  natural  order  Acaridea.  See 
Parasites  {Animal},  Table  of 

Ixyomyelitis   (iks-e-o-mi-el-i'-tis)   [i;i<\  waist;  /uj 
marrow;   trig,  inflammation].      Myelitis  of  the  dorsal 
region   of  the  spinal  cord;    ischiomyelis ;    osphyomy- 
elilis. 

Izal  [if-zal).  Thomcliffe  disinfectant;  a  by-product 
obtained  in  the  process  of  coke  formation  ;  it  po^sese* 
strung  disinfectant  properties  without  any  irritating 
quality.  It  mixes  well  with  water,  and  has  an  agree- 
able odor.      L'nof. 


Jabber  (jab'-er)  [ME.,  fader,  to  chatter].  To  talk 
rapidly  and  indistinctly  ;   to  chatter. 

Jaborandi  {jab-or-anf -de)  [Braz.].  The  leaves  of  Pilo- 
carpus pennalifolius,  a  valuable  diaphoretic.  See  Pilo- 
carpus. 

Jaborin  {Jab'-or-in)  [Braz.,  Jaborandi\,  t'|,H1BN205. 
An  alkaloid  derivable  from  pilocarpi!)  by  the  action  of 
heat  and  sulphuric  acid.  It  is  an  amorphous,  strongly 
basic  substance,  and  has  properties  resembling  those 
of  atropin.      L'nof. 

Jacaranda  {jak-ar-an'-daE)  [Brazilian].  A  genus  of 
bignoniaceous  plants  of  tropical  America.  J.  caroba 
is  antisyphilitic,  and  is  of  service  in  the  treatment  of 
urethritis,  rheumatism,  and  skin-diseases.  Dose  of 
the  fl.  ext.  gtt.  xvi-H.  7,].  J.  lancifoliata,  is  used  by 
the  natives  of  Brazil  in  urethritis.  Dose  of  an  :j  ij  to 
( >j  tincture  n^w  ;  of  the  fl.  extract,  gtt.  xvi-xxx. 
Unof. 

Jaccoud's  Sign.     Set  Signs  and  Symptoms,  Tabic  of . 

Jack  (  jak)  [ME.,  Jacke,  a  personal  name].  A  popular 
term  for  horse-flesh  salted  and  subsequently  washed  in 
order  to  deprive  it  of  its  peculiar  taste.  J. -knife 
Posture.      See  Postures. 

Jacket  (jak'-et)  [Fr. ,  jacque,  a  coat  of  mail].  A  short 
coat.  J.,  Bark,  a  jacket  stuffed  with  powdered  cin- 
chona. J.,  Cotton,  a  jacket  lined  with  cotton,  some- 
times used  in  the  treatment  of  pneumonia.  J., 
Plaster-of- Paris,  a  mould  of  plaster  of  Paris  cast 
upon  the  body  or  part,  for  keeping  it  rigid  and  fixed 
in  a  desired  position,  in  sprain  or  dislocation  of  the 
spine,  etc.  J. -poultice,  a  poultice  applied  about  the 
whole  surface  of  the  thorax  ;  it  is  sometimes  used  in 
the  treatment  of  pneumonia.  J.,  Straight,  4  system 
of  leather  straps  used  to  bind  violently  insane  persons 
in  order  to  prevent  self-inflicted  injury. 

Jackson's  Pectoral  Syrup.  A  cough-medicine  contain- 
ing morphin  hydrochlorate,  sugar,  sassafras  pith,  gum 
arabic,  and  water. 

Jacksonian  Epilepsy.  Focal,  cortical,  or  symptomatic 
epilepsy.  A  spasm  limited  to  a  single  group  of  muscles 
in  the  face,  arm,  or  leg,  due  generally  to  irritative  lesion 
of  the  motor  area  of  the  brain  ;  the  spasm  may  also  in- 
volve other  groups  of  muscles  ;  consciousness  is  usually 


retained  ;  there  is  danger  of  the  convulsions  becoming 
general.      See  Epilepsy,  and  Diseases,    'Table  of. 

Jacob's  Membrane.  A  name  sometimes  applied  to 
the  layer  of  rods  and  cones  of  the  retina.  J.'s  Ulcer. 
See  Rodent  Ulcer,  and  Diseases,  Tall 

Jacobson's  Anastomosis.  The  tympanic  plexus.  See 
Plexus.  J.'s  Canal.  See  Canal.  J.'s  Caitilage, 
a  strip  of  cartilage  under  Jacobson's  organ,  firmly 
adherent  to  the  latter,  but  distinct  from  the  septal 
cartilage  of  the  nose,  to  the  outer  side  of  the  ventral 
edge  of  which  it  is  situated.  J.'s  Nerve,  the  nerve 
of  the  tympanum.  See  Nerves,  Table  of.  J.'s  Organ, 
a  short,  rudimentary  canal,  extending  along  the  septum 
of  Stensen's  duct,  and  ending  in  a  cul-de-sac. 


Plaster  Jacket.     (Sayre.) 

Jacquart,  Angle  of.     See  Angle. 

Jacquemin's  Sign.    See  Signs  and  Symptoms,  Table  of. 
Jactation  (jai-ta'-sAun).     See  Jactitation . 
Jactitation  {  jak-tit-a' -shun)  [  jactitare,  to  pour  forth]. 
The  restlessness  and  tendency  to  frequent  changes  of 


R   1  I  RROV 


J  .   Per* 

:    the 

Gcnal    Fur:  utli 

:     .      ..     I     .:: 

•■.  which 

the   Nasal 

•  the 

mat  c  Furrow,  beginning  at 

outward 

■  in. 


i   tn  pro- 
ires  fi  »r 

■.in  to  a 

.  sometimes  n  fined 

intry  of  its 


alap 


I  infants. 


[named   from 

I  he  tuber  ol    Ipomaea 

due  to  ('■■  .  jala- 

■     hydragogue 

•ful   in  combination  with  calo- 

J  .  Abstractunv  :    pil.  cathartic 

J..  Ext      I  '   -■  gr.  v-xv. 

J  .  Re  tincture  by  water. 

J.,  Pulv.,  Comp.,  contains  jalap  35, 

x-srj.     J.,  Tinct. 


Jal.i 


J- 


Jamb 


j«j 


■  ity  of  Mexico], 
•  us  oriza- 

ilvulin  ;  it  is 

rum  a  tincture 

:  an  irritant  hydragogue 

[W.  Indies],     An  island  of  the 
J.  Dogwood.    5  J.  Kino. 


•  in. 

1  ]      A   genus  of 

J.  aquea, 

J.    vulgaris    is   a  t;    the 

thi    fruit  and 

LI     Thi 

It   is  thought  to 

1     nut 

I    nof. 

I  be  dried  and 

I  n  inn,  a  shrul  1 

ern   India, 

hildren, 

amount 

ij    •.  ;    ol 

I      \   :■ 

myrrh.     J.'s 


J»r:  Weed. 


JAUNDICE 

Janosik's  Embryo.  A  human  embryo  described  by 
fanosik  as  having  two  gill-pouches  and  three  aortic 
an 

Janus,  or  Janiceps  {ja,-nus  or  janf-is-eps)   [Janus,  a 

two-faced    divinity;     caput,   head].       A    syncephalic 
monstrosity  with  two  fai 

Japan  :>i')   [Chin.,  Jih-pun\.      An   island  on  the 

eastern  coast  of  Asia.  J.  Colors.  See  Pigments, 
.  and  Dye-stuffs.  J. -black.  See  Pigments, 
J.  Lacquer.  Same  as  J. -black.  J. 
Wax,  a  wax  obtained  by  boiling  the  berries  of  several 
trees  of  the  genus  Rhus,  from  incisions  in  the  stems 
of  which  flows  the  famous  [apan  lacquer  varnish.  It 
i>  properly  a  fat,  as  it  consists  almost  entirely  of 
glyceryl  palmitate.  Its  specific  gravity  is  .999  and  its 
melting-point  1200  F.  (490  C).  When  freshly  broken, 
the  fractured  surface  is  almost  white  or  slightly  yel- 
lowish green  and  the  odor  tallow  like.  It  is  used  for 
mixing  with  beeswax  in  the  manufacture  of  candles 
ami  wax  matches. 

Japanese  (  jap-an-ez')  [Japan,  an  island  on  the  east 
coast  of  Asia].  Pertaining  to  Japan  or  its  inhabit- 
ants. J.  Method  of  Resuscitation;  it  consists  in 
drawing  forward  the  tongue  and  making  rapid  passes 
with  paper  fans  soaked  in  water  and  aqua  ammonias. 
The  object  is  to  get  as  much  of  the  vapor  of  ammonia 
into  the  lungs  as  possible.  This  method  is  also  called 
Japanese  Fanning.  J.  Fanning.  See  J.  Method  of 
Resuscitation.  J.  Hot-box,  a  device  for  applying 
dry-heat  to  a  part,  as  the  eyes. 

Jar  [Pers.,  jarrah,  a  little  cruse].  A  small  earthen  or 
glass  vessel  without  handle  or  spout.  J.,  Leyden,  an 
electric  condenser  consisting  of  a  glass  jar  lined,  exter- 
nally and  internally,  in  its  lower  two-thirds  with  tin. 
See  Leyden. 

Jargon  (jar^-gori)  [ME.,  jargoun,  chattering].  Con- 
fused, unintelligible  talk  ;  gibberish;  babble;  charac- 
teristic of  some  forms  of  idiocy  and  insanity. 

Jargonize  (j'a^-gon-lz)  [ME..,  jargoun,  chattering]. 
To  utter  unintelligible  sounds. 

Jarich's  Ointment.  An  ointment  containing  pyrogallic 
acid,   zj,  and  lard,  one  ounce. 

Jarjavay's  Muscle.     See  Muscles,  Table  of. 

Jasmine  ( jaz'-miii)  [Pers.,  yasmln,  jasmine].  See 
fasminum.     J. -yellow.     See  Gelsemium. 

Jasminum  (jaz'-min-um)  [Pers.,  yasmln,  jasmine].  A 
genus  of  oleaceous  plants,  mostly  of  tropical  old-world 
origin ;  jasmine.  Many  of  the  species  are  cultivated 
for  their  fragrant  flowers,  and  for  their  essential  oil. 
Some  of  the  species  are  vermifuge,  others  lactifuge,  and 
-till  others  are  used  in  the  treatment  of  skin  diseases. 
I  nof. 

Jatropha  { jat'  -rojah)  [larpdg,  a  physician;  Tpoipi/, 
nourishment].  A  genus  of  euphorbiaceous  plants 
having  irritant,  cathartic,  and  emetic  properties.  See 
Barbadoes  Nut  and  Tapioca.  J.  macrorhiza,  the  root 
"I  a  plant  indigenous  to  Mexico  and  the  Southern 
United  States,  possessed  of  alterative  and  cholagogue 
pro]  in  large  doses  it  is  a  hydragogue  cathartic 

and  emetic.      Dose  of  the  fluid  extract  Zss— ij.      Unof. 
J.  Oil,  the  oil  of  the  Barbadoes  nut. 

Jaundice  (  jawn'-dis)  [Fr.,  jaunisse,  yellowness].  A 
condition  arising  from  obstruction  of  the  biliary  pas- 
!t  is  characterized  by  a  yellowish  coloration  of 
the  skin,  and  may  be  associated  with  languor,  malaise, 
nausea,  vomiting,  itching  of  the  skin,  diarrhea  or  con - 
stipation,  clay  colored  stools,  slow  pulse,  and  depres- 
sion of  temperature.  Certain  of  the  secretions  of  the 
body  also  are  discolored,  as  the  urine.  J.,  Acute 
Febrile.    See  Weil'    l>  J  ,  Acute  Infective. 

Weil's  ,  J.,  Black,  an  extreme  degree  of 

jaundice.  J. ,  Blue,  a  synonym  of  Cyanosis.  J.,  Hema- 


JAUNK 


633 


JERVIN 


togenous,  the  yellowish  discoloration  of  the  skin,  re- 
sulting from  disorganization  of  the  red  blood-corpus 
cles.  J.,  Hemafecal,  jaundice  associated  with  bloody 
stools.  J.,  Hepatogenic.  See  Hepatogenic.  J., 
Malignant,  acute  yellow  atrophy  of  the  liver.  J., 
White.     Synonym  of  Chloro 

Jaune  {zhon)  [Fr.j.  Yellow.  J. -brilliant.  Same  as 
( admium-yellow. 

Java  Tea.  The  leaves  of  Orthosiphon  staminaus,  the 
infusion  of  which  is  reputed  to  be  diuretic  in  doses 
of  £J-ij-     See  Orthosiphon. 

Javelle's  Water.  A  solution  of  potassium  or  sodium 
hypochlorite. 

Jaw  [ME.,  fawe,  jaw].  See  Maxilla.  J. -bone,  a 
maxilla,  especially  the  inferior  maxilla.  J. -disease,  a 
term  for  phosphorus-necrosis.  J. -jerk,  a  tendon  reflex 
obtained  by  suddenly  depressing  the  lower  jaw.  See 
Reflexes,  Table  of .  J. -less,  without  jaws.  J.,  Lock,  or 
Locked.  See  Trismus.  J.,  Lumpy,  actinomycosis 
of  cattle.  J. -pocking,  a  Scottish  term  for  Wattles, 
q.  v.     J. -tooth,  a  molar  tooth. 

Jaws  (jawz).      See  Maxillary  Bones. 

Jealousy  (Jel'-us-e)  [ME.,  jalous,  jealous].  A  feeling 
of  resentful  suspicion  caused  by  belief  in  the  rivalry 
of  another  person  in  the  love  or  favor  of  one's  hus- 
band or  wife.  When  excessive,  unreasonable,  or 
abnormal,  it  may  be  looked  upon  as  a  symptom  of 
insanity. 

Jecinorous  (jes-in' -or-us)  \_jecur,  jecoris,  liver].  He- 
patic. 

Jecoral  (jek'-or-al),  Jecorary  (jek'-or-a-re),  Jeco- 
rose  (jek'-or-os)  \_jecur,  jecoris,  liver].  Hepatic; 
relating  to  the  liver. 

Jeccrin  {jek'-or-iri)  [jecur,  jecoris,  liver],  C105H1S6N5- 
SP3Ott.  A  complex  body  found  by  Drechsel  in  the 
liver-substance.  In  its  properties  it  somewhat  resem- 
bles lecithin,  but  it  reduces  Fehling's  solution.  It 
occurs  also  in  the  spleen,  muscle,  brain,  etc. 

Jecur  (jef-ker)  [L.].  The  liver.  J.  aselli,  the  liver  of 
the  cod-fish.  J.  lardaceum,  waxy  or  lardaceous  liver. 

Jeffersonia  (jef-er-so'-ne-ali)  [after  Thomas  Jefferson, 
a  president  of  the  U.  S.].  A  genus  of  berberidaceous 
plants.  J.  diphylla,  a  X.  American  berberidaceous 
plant,  useful  in  rheumatism,  and  a  good  substitute  for 
senega.  It  is  tonic  and  in  large  doses  expectorant ; 
it  is  also  called  rheumatism-root  and  twin-leaf.  See 
Twin-leaf     Unof. 

Jeffries,  Bacillus  of.  See  Bacteria,  Synonymatic 
Table  of 

Jejunal  {jej-u'-nal)  \Jejunus,  dry].  Pertaining  to  the 
jejunum. 

Jejunitas  (je-ju'-nit-as)  [I-].      Fasting. 

Jejunitis  \jej-u-ni' -tis)  \Jejunus,  dry;  trig,  inflam- 
mation].     Inflammation  of  the  jejunum. 

Jejunium  (je-ju'-ne-um)  [L .,/>/.,  Jejunia].     A  fast. 

Jejuno-colostomy  (jej-u-no-ko-los' -to-me)  [jejunits, 
dry;  kUXjov,  colon;  ardfia,  mouth].  The  surgical 
formation  of  an  artificial  passage  between  the  jejunum 
and  the  colon. 

Jejuno-ileitis  (je/'-u-no-il-e-i'-tis)  [jejunus,  dry;  elXeiv, 
to  roll  ;  trie,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the 
jejunum  and  the  ileum. 

Jejuno-ileostomy  {jej-tt-no-il-e-os'-fo-me)  [jejunus, 
dry;  ei/e/v,  to  roll;  aru/tn,  mouth].  The  surgical 
formation  of  an  artificial  communication  between  the 
jejunum  and  the  ileum. 

Jejunostomy  (  jej-u-nos1 '-to-me)  [  jejunus,  dry  ;  rrrd/i/a, 
mouth].  The  making  and  maintenance  of  an  artificial 
opening  through  the  abdominal  wall  into  the  jejunum. 
The  operation  is  designed  to  permit  the  introduction 
of  food  in  cases  of  carcinoma  of  the  pylorus  and  sim- 
ilar affections. 


Jejuno-typhoid  (jej-u-no-ti'-foid)  [jejunus,  dry; 
Tiipur,  smoke;  eloog,  likeness].  Typhoid  fever  with 
involvement  of  the  jejunum  or  its  gland-. 

Jejunum  {jej-u'-num)  [jejunus,  dry,  empty,  because 
thought  to  be  empty  after  death].      The   two-fifths  of 


c.  Cardiac,  p.  Pyloric  parts  of  stomach,  d  Duodenum,  i. 
Jejunum  and  ileum,  ac.  Ascending,  tc.  transverse,  and  dc. 
descending  colon,     r.  Rectum,     a.  Anus. 

the  small  intestine  extending  between  the  duodenum 
and  the  ileum.      Also  a  synonym  of  Fasting. 

Jelly  (jeT-e)  \_gelare,  to  freeze].  In  pharmacy,  a  soft, 
non-viscid,  but  somewhat  elastic  substance,  of  which 
hydrated  gelatin  is  the  best  example.  Domestic  fruit- 
jellies  consist  of  the  inspissated  juice  of  the  fruit,  with 
one  or  two  parts  of  sugar,  together  with  the  natural 
mucilage  of  the  seeds  of  the  fruit.  Many  of  the 
imported  jellies  sold  in  the  United  States  contain  no 
fruit-juice,  being  for  the  greater  part  ordinary  animal 
gelatin  acidified  with  tartaric  acid,  and  flavored  arti- 
ficially. J.,  Glycerin.  See  Mounting-media  :  also, 
Glycerin-jelly.    J.,  Wharton's.     See  Wharton. 

Jennerian  (jen-er'-e-an)  [after  Jenner,  an  English 
physician].  Pertaining  to  Jenner,  or  to  the  theory  or 
practice  of  vaccination. 

Jensen's  Fissure.     See  Fissures,  Table  of. 

Jequiritin  [jek-ir' '-it-in).  A  soluble  active  principle 
obtained  from  jequirity  seeds.      See  Abrus. 

Jequirity  (  jek-ir* '-it-e).     See  Abrus. 

Jerk  [origin  uncertain].  See  Chin-jerk,  Elbenv-jerk, 
Jaw-jerk,  Knee-jerk,  Toe-jerk,  etc.  J. -finger.  See 
Spring-finger. 

Jerkers  (  jerk/-erz).      See  Jumpers. 

Jerks  [origin  uncertain].  A  form  of  hysteric  and  almost 
maniacal  agitation,  accompanied  by  sudden  distortions 
of  the  body.  It  has  been  epidemic  in  certain  seasons 
of  unusual  religious  excitement. 

Jersey  Tea.     See  Red-root. 

Jervin  (jer'-vin)  \_jerva,  green  hellebore-root]^ 
1  ,1 1  V  >  ;  a  poi-onous,  crystalline  alkaloid  found  in 
varieties  of  veratrum. 


\KK 


II  NIPERUS 


Jesuits"    Bark        \  J-    Drops. 

■ 

m  ol 

' 

trimeter.  trim- 

J.-dis- 
•   and 
J..  Charcots. 

It  is  chai 
fluid  into  the 
il   the    surrounding  tissi 

i  tion 

with  diminished 

ler  times  with  excessive 

J.-ic'.o:  J-iU.     J. -ill,   a 

m  forms  cl"  disi 

:  .  resulting  from  septic 

Ute  exudative 

■    quantities  of  plastic  lymph 

".  nt"  the  joint,  leading  t< >  per- 

J.-less,    without 

J. -mice.      ~  libera   articulorum. 

J. -oil, 

Jones's    Bcncei  Albumin.  umin. 

sennc's  Sign.  nptoms,  Table  of. 

Jou'.c  English  physicist]. 

divided  by  4200. 
J.'s  Law.     See  / 

.  jaw].     The  cheek. 
J  .    1     I  :  ■  •_•  i        Bud.     The    bark  of 

gent,  nun  h   used   in  diar- 
I  >•  ise  of  the 

•  '"         3 

Cting    or 

J.   Bone,    tin-   malar  bone. 

J.    Points.  J.  Process. 

walnut].      A 
ol    Butter- 
lic,  laxative, 
I  fnof. 

J.  regia,  the   Europi 

.  which 

lling  tapeworm.     The 

J     nigra,  rties. 

in    autumn)  of 

J.  cinerea,  1*  a  mild  pu- 

lnut],C10Hs  0  1  OH. 
I  mo- 
ling hydi 

at]. 


Pertaining  to  the  throat.  J.  Fossa.  See  Fossa.  J. 
Veins.  in. 

Jugulation  t'-shun)     [fugulatio,    a    killing]. 

The  -wit'i  and  sudden  shortening  of  an  attack  of  dis- 
1  iv  therapeutic  measures;  also,  the  arrest  of  an 
di  mic  b)  prompt  and  effective  measures. 

Jugulocephalic  lo-sef-al' '-ik)     [jugulum,    the 

thmat  ;  *■<"<>//,  head].  Pertaining  to  the  throat  and 
the  head. 

Jugulum  t-lum)  [L. :  pl.,Jugula\.     The  collar- 

bone ;  also,  the  throat. 

Jugum  [ju'-gutri)  [L.  :  //. ,  Juga~\.  A  yoke.  In 
biology,  a  pair  of  leaflets  in  a  compound  leaf.  J. 
penis,  a  cushioned  forceps  or  compressor  applied  to 
the  penis  to  prevent  incontinence  of  urine.  J.  sphen- 
oidale, the  line  of  fusion  of  the  orbito-sphenoid  bones. 

Juice  (  ■  .broth].     The  fluid  or  liquid  contained 

in  the  tissue  of  an  animal  or  plant.  Various  secretions 
the  body  are  known  as  juices,  e.  g.,  the  gastric, 
intestinal,  and  pancreatic  juices.  J. -canals,  spaces 
within  the  connective  tissue,  constituting  the  origin  of 
the  Lymphatic  vessel-..  J.,  Gastric.  See  Gastric. 
J.,  Intestinal,  the  intestinal  secretion,  succus  entericus, 
the  secretion  of  the  follicles  of  Lieberkiihn  mainly, 
but  in  the  duodenum  including  that  of  Brunner's 
glands.     J.,  Pancreatic.     See  Pancreatic. 

Jujube  (  ju'-juli)  \_jujuba,  fruit].  The  fruit  of  the 
jujube  tree,  Zizyphus  jujuba.  J. -paste,  a  confection, 
originally  containing  the  pulp  of  jujubes,  but  now 
made  of  gum-arabic,  or  of  gelatin,  variously  flavored. 

Julaceous  (  ju-la'-she-us)  [iulus,  catkin].  In  biology, 
resembling  a  catkin. 

Julep  ')  [Pers.,  julab,  a  sweet  drink].     A  sweet- 

ened and  aromatized  alcoholic  or  medicated  drink. 

Jumbai-bean  (jum'-bi-bSn)  [Negro  dial.,  Jumbai,  an 
evil  spirit].  The  Lucana  glauca,  a  leguminous  tree 
resembling  the  locust,  found  in  the  West  Indies.  The 
eating  of  the  fruit  or  the  foliage  by  horses  and  cattle 
results  in  the  loss  of  hoofs,  horns,  and  hair  of  tail  and 
mane. 

Jumpers  (jum'-perz)  [ME.,  jumpen,  to  jump].  A 
name  applied  to  those  afflicted  with  a  neurosis  charac- 
terized by  motor  incoordination  and  convulsive  move- 
ments of  any  part  of  the  body,  but  especially  of  the 
lower  extremities,  so  that  springing  movements  or 
jumping  movements  follow  efforts  to  walk,  etc.  The 
name  lias  also  been  given  to  hysteric  fanatics  whose 
devotional  frenzy  is  accompanied  by  acts  of  leaping 
and  distortion  ;  and  also  to  certain  persons  whose 
powers  of  will  and  control  over  their  movements 
are  in  part  abolished.  See  Latah,  Myriachit,  Palmus, 
and  Saltatoric  Spasm. 

Jumping  (  jutnpf-ing).      See  Palmus. 

Junctura  1  junk  tu'-rafi)  [I-].      A  suture,  as  of  bones. 

June  (  /mi)  [Junius,  a  Roman  name,  meaning  young]. 
The  sixth  month  of  the  year.  J. -cold.  Synonym  of 
Hay-fever.     J.  Lobster.     See  Buckle-shell. 

Jungle  Fever.     See  Fever. 

Juniper  (juf-nip-er).     See  faniperus. 

Juniperin  {ju-nif/ -er-in)  [juniperus,  the  juniper-tree]. 
A  yellow,  resin-like  powder  found  in  juniper-berries. 

Juniperus  (  ///  nip' -er-us)   [L.,  gen.,  Juniperi\.     I.    A 

u^  of  berry-bearing  coniferous   trees.    Besides   the 

cial   species   (see  Juniperus,   2),  there  are  several 

other  medicinal   species.     2.  Juniper,  the  fruit  of  J. 

muni,;  its  properties  are  mainly  due  to  a  volatile  oil, 

and  it  i^  a  stomachic  tonic,  diuretic,  and   aphrodisiac. 

The  oil  i>  eliminated  by  the  kidneys.     It  is  valuable  in 

chrome    pyelitis    and    cystitis.      J.,    Infusum,   unof., 

■  •I   juni]  tes   5  j,  boiling  water  ( >}.     J., 

Ol.,  the  volatile  oil.       Dose  n\V-XX.      J.,  Spt.,  5  parts 

oil   in  95  of  alcohol.      hose  3J-5J.     J-,  Spt., 


II  NK 


«;:;.-, 


JUXTAPOSITION 


Comp.,  the  gin  of  commerce  ;  oil  of  juniper  8,  oil  of 
caraway  I,  oil  of  fennel  I,  alcohol  1400,  water  q.  s.  ad 
5000  parts.  Dose  %^ss-j.  J.  oxycedrus  affords  oil 
of  cade,  q.  v.  See  also  Sabina.  Oil  of  Cade, 
a  tar  obtained  by  the  distillation  of  juniper-wood  ;  it  is 
sometimes  used  externally  in  eczema  and  psoriasis. 
Unof. 

Junk  [Port.,  f unco, a.  rush].  In  surgery,  a  quilted  cushion 
forming  a  sling  in  which  to  suspend  a  fractured  limb. 
It  was  formerly  made  of  rushes  or  reeds. 

Junker's  Inhaler.     See  Anesthetic. 

Junket  (jun&'-et)  [ME.,  junket,  a  rush].  Curds  and 
whey;  a  delicacy  for  invalids,  prepared  by  taking  ]/2 
pint  of  fresh  milk  heated  to  an  agreeable  tempera- 
ture, adding  1  teaspoon ful  of  rennet  or  essence  of  pep- 
sin, and  stirring  well.  Let  the  mixture  stand  till 
curdled,  and  serve  with  sugar  and  nutmeg. 

Junod's  Boot.  A  boot-shaped  case,  usually  of  stiff 
leather,  made  to  enclose  the  leg  so  that,  the  air  being 
exhausted,  the  blood-vessels  and  tissues  of  the  limb  are 
dilated  by  the  excess  of  blood.  It  has  been  em- 
ployed to  relieve  inflammation  and  congestion  of 
the  viscera. 

Jurema  (  ju-ref-mah\  [Braz.].  A  leguminous  Brazilian 
tree,  Strypknodendron  jurema.  Its  bark  is  astringent, 
and  is  said  to  be  narcotic.     Unof. 

Juriballi  (ju-rib-al'-e)  [W.  Ind.J.  A  name  for  several 
meliaceous  trees  and  their  astringent  and  antipyretic 
bark,  among  which  are  Trichilia  moschata,  Soymida 
febrifuga,  and  Kkaya  senegalensis. 

Jurisprudence  (ju-ris-pru'-dens)  [jus.  law;  prudentia, 
skill].  The  science  of  the  interpretation  and  applica- 
tion of  the  law.  J.,  Medical,  the  application  of  med- 
ical knowledge  to  the  principles  of  common  law. 

Jurubeba  { ju-ru-be* -baft)  [Braz.].  The  leaves  and  juice 
of  a  shrub.  Solatium  insidiosum,  indigenous  to  Brazil. 
It  is  an  alterative,  tonic,  diuretic,  and  drastic  cathartic. 
Dose  of  the  fluid  extract  gtt.  j-v.     Unof. 

Jury  (ju'-re)  \_jurare,  to  swear].  A  body  of  men 
legally  appointed  to  determine  the  guilt  or  innocence 
of  a  prisoner,  or  to  determine  the  facts  in  judicial 
inquiries.  J. -leg,  a  wooden  leg.  J.  of  Matrons,  a 
body  of  twelve  matrons,  formerly  empaneled  in  Eng- 
land to  determine  if  a  murderess,  for  whom  such  plea 
was  made,  were  pregnant.  J. -mast,  a  steel  shaft  with 
curved  iron  rods  attached,  sometimes  employed  to  sup- 
port the  head  in  disease  of  the  upper  vertebrae ;  it  is 
mainly  used  in  connection  with  Sayre's  treatment  of 
spondylitis.      See  annexed  illustration. 

Jus  (jits)  [L.].      See  Juice,  and   Jusculum. 

Jusculum  (  jusr -ku-lum)  [L.,  a  decoction].  A  soup  or 
broth  ;   gruel  or  porridge. 

Jusetmond's  Arsenical  Powder.  A  preparation  of 
arsenic  used  in  various  skin-affections.     It  consists  of 


sulphuretted  antimony.  16  parts;  arsenious  acid,  one 
part.  These  are  melted  in  a  crucible,  and,  when  cold, 
the  lilacs  is  reduced  to  a  powder,  and  live  parts  of 
extract  of  opium  are  added. 

Justicia  1  jus-tis'-e-ah)  [named  from  a  Mr.  Justice,  a 
botanist].     A  genus  of  acanthaceous  h  id  shrubs. 

J.  adhatoda  i>  antispasmodic  and  febrifuge.  J.  ec- 
bolium  is  anti-icteric,  diuretic,  and  deobstruent.  J. 
echioides,  diuretic.  J.  gendarussa,  diaphoretic.  J. 
pectoralis  is  bechic  and  stomachic.      Unof. 

Justo-major  Pelvis  (juJ-to-ma'-jor).  See  Pelvis, 
]■  'male,  Deformities  of 

Justo-minor  Pelvis.  See  Pelvis,  Female,  Deform- 
ities 

Jute  (jut)  [Beng. ,  jut,  matted  hair].  The  bast  fiber  of 
two  species  of  the  genus  CorcAorus ,  grown  chiefly  in 
India  and  Ceylon.  The  fibers  have  a  length  of  2.5 
meters,  or  even  more,  are  of  a  yellowish-white  color, 
and  have  a  fine  luster.  Jute  contains  no  free  cellulose, 
but  consists  of  bastose.  When  treated  with  iodin  and 
sulphuric  acid,  it  yields  a  deep-brown  color. 

Juvantia  (ju-van' '-ske-ah)  [L.,  "  aiding"].  Adjuvant 
remedies  or  medicines.     See  Adjuvant. 


Jury-mast.     (Sayie.) 

Juventus    [ju-ven/-tus)     [juvenis,    young].      A    term 

formerly  applied  to  that  period  of  life  between  the  ages 

of  twenty-five  and  thirty-five  years. 
Juxtaposition  (juks-tah'-po-zishf -un)  \_juxta,  r\ear;posi- 

tio,  position].      Situation  adjacent  to  another;    the  act 

of  placing  near;   apposition. 


KARTULIS,   BACILLUS  OF 


K 

K 

K.i.r.cc:  ■    M --•.:. 

a  hich 
i  b)  su- 


oyment ; 


i  time],  '  10H1SNO 
from 
:iul    antipyretic; 
;    its  us 

I  ios<   gr.  iij- 

oid   pre] 

..lirolina 

Methylquinolin 
mill,   but  less 

for  1       Epi 

i  beriberi,  as 

- 

mia. 

trophy. 

•  ■  j        \n  East 

i >/)itis)  nil. 

I  in.se  of  the 

.  gr.   iv-viij. 

Vn  East  Indian 
ii    form 
.  the  juii  rad- 

ish]     Potassium, 
K.-blue. 

if  xaXta,  d  'i . 


^ule 


.  potash  : 
■ii  "i  potassium. 
:  ,  beautiful,  ,  to 

ntially  a  pantograph, 
■  one 

■iii.il  ~\/f  al  another. 

plorer]. 
'ia,   a 

1 1  ise 
K. 


angustifolia,  like  ihe  foregoing,  is  poisonous.  Its 
decoi  tion  is  .i  popular  remedj  forsores  and  ulcers,  to 
which  it  is  applied  hot.      I  no! 

Kalmuck  Type.  Hocy,  Ethnic. 

Kamala  [kam-af-laK)  \  Hind., kamlla].  Rottlera.  The 
glands  and  hairs  from  the  capsules  of  Mallotus  philip- 

.  native  to  Southern  Asia 
and  Abyssinia.  It  is  a  purgative  and  anthelmintic, 
much  used  for  the  expulsion  of  lumbricoid  and  other 
parasitic  worms.  Dose  3J-5J  of  an  3VJ  to  3  wj 
alcoholic  tinctui 

Kambi  [kam'-be)  [E.  Ind.].  An  aromatic  gum,  like 
,1,111].  I  denia  lucida,  a  plant  of  India.    Unof. 

Kamela  [kam-er -laK)  or  Kamila  {kam-e'-lah).  See 
Katnala. 

Kammerer  and  Giacomi's  Apparatus.  An  appara- 
tus for  air  analysis. 

Kanarin  [kan' -ar-in\ ,  CSN3HS2.  A  substance  ob- 
tained from  K<  NS  by  electrolysis;  it  is  probably 
identical  with  pseudo-cyanogen  sulphid,  and  is  em- 
ployed as  a  yellow  or  orange  dye  for  wool,  not  re- 
quiring a  mordant. 

Kandahar  Sore  {kan*  -da-har).  See  Furunculus  ori- 
entalis. 

Kandelia  {kan-de' -le-ah)  [E.  Ind.,  kandef],  A  rhizo- 
phoreaceous  plant  found  in  the  Malay  Islands.  K. 
rheedii,  a  small  tree  found  in  India,  where  its  bark, 
mixed  with  dried  ginger,  or  pepper  and  rose-water,  is 
used  in  diabetes.      Unof. 

Kandol  ikan'-dol').  A  volatile  constituent  of  coal-tar, 
proposed  as  a  local  anesthetic.  Its  rapid  evaporation 
freezes  the  superficial  tissues.  It  is  possibly  identical 
with  rhigolene,  q.  v.      Unof. 

Kangaroo  Method  [kang-gar-oo/^.  II.  C.  Wood's 
term  for  the  method  of  treating  disease  by  giving,  at 
short  intervals,  powerful  remedies  whose  influence  is 
short-lived.  K.  Tendon,  a  material  derived  from 
the  tail  of  Macropus  giganteus,  the  great  kangaroo.  It 
is  used  in  surgery  for  ligatures.      See  Ligature. 

Kanten  i/wv'-Av/)  [JaP-]-  A  variety  of  agar-agar,  or 
Japanese  seaweed  isinglass,  used  in  the  arts,  and  as 
a  food. 

Kaolin  [ka'-o-lin)  [Chin.,  kaoling,  "high  ridge"]. 
White  clay,  China  clay.  The  silicate  of  aluminum, 
obtained  from  the  decomposition  of  felspar.  It  is 
sometimes  used  as  a  protective  application  in  eczema. 
K.,  Ung.,  I  in  3,  allays  irritation  if  applied  to  abraded 
skin.      Unof. 

Kaposi's  Disease.  See  Atrophoderma  pigmentosum ,  and 
roderma  pigmentosum  ;  also,  />iseases,  Table  of.  K.'s 
Ointment,  an  ointment  used  in  the  treatment  of  sca- 
bies. It  consists  of  naphthol,  40  grains ;  green-soap, 
2.y2  drams  ;  prepared  chalk,  y2  dram;  lard,  ^  ounce. 
It  is  also  called  the  compound  naphthol-ointment. 

Kappeler's  Method.     See  Anesthetic. 

Karabic  Acid  (kar1 -ab-ic) .      See    Acid,  Succinic. 

Karakin  [karf-ak-in)  [N.  Zeal.,  karakd\.  A  white 
line  body,  apparently  a  glucosid,  obtained  from 
the  nuts  of  the  karaka  {fiorynocarpus  Icevigata).  It 
is  an  intensely  bitter,  crystalline  body,  soluble  in  water, 
alco  1   alkalies,  insoluble  in  ether  and  chloro- 

roform,  and  melts  at  ioo°  C. 

Kardio-  [karr-de-o-\      See  Cardio-. 

Karlinski,  Bacillus  of.  See  Bacteria,  Synonymatic 
Table  of.  K.,  Proteus  of.  See  Bacteria,  Synonym- 
atic Tabl 

Kartulis,  Bacillus  of.  See  Bacteria,  Synonymatic  Table 


KARY<  (GAMIC 


637 


KATHODIC 


Karyogamic  {kar-e-o-gamf -ik)  [napvov,  nucleus;  }duoc, 
marriage].  Pertaining  to  tin-  blending  of  nuclei,  as 
in  reproduction. 

Karyokinesis  [kar-e-o-kin-e* '-sis)  [napvov,  a  nut  (nu- 
cleus) ;  Kivqaiq,  movement,  change].  A  complicated 
series  of  changes  accompanying  the  maturation  of  the 
ovum  and  the  extrusion  of  the  polar  globule  ;  indirect 
or  nuclear  cell-division,  characterized  by  aradiati 
rangement  of  the  protoplasm  immediately  about  the 
"  centrosome "  and  the  "sphere  of  attraction"  at 
one  pole,  but  outside  of  the  nucleus,  and  following 
the  division  of  the  "sphere  of  attraction"  into  two 
halves  of  clear  protoplasm;  also,  by  changes  in  the 
nucleoplasm,   the  chromatin    becoming   granular  and 

Ay \  By 


Karyokinesis. 
A.  Nuclear  reticulum,  resting  stage.  B.  Preparing  for  divi- 
sion. C.  Wreath  stage.  D.  Monaster  with  achromatic 
spindle  E.  Barrel  or  nithode  stage,  or  metakinesis,  i.  c, 
chromatin-fibrils  traveling  along  the  achromatic  spindle 
toward  the  poles  F  Diaster.  G.  Daughter-wreath  stage. 
H.  Daughter-cells  passing  to  resting-stage. 

arranged  as  a  transverse  band  or  disc,  while  the  achro- 
matin  is  transformed  into  threads  (karyomita),  form- 
ing a  spindle-shaped  structure  {nuclear,  spindle, 
barrel- form,  pi thos),  stretching  between  the  two  astral 
systems,  or  suns.  The  entire  arrangement,  central 
disc,  spindle,  and  the  two  suns,  constitutes  the  so- 
called  amphiaster,  or  diaster,  and,  in  connection  with 
the  production  of  the  polar  globules,  the  archiamphias- 
ter.  The  groups  of  the  V-shaped  chromatin-grains, 
produced  by  the  division  of  the  central  disc,  are  then 
translated  to  the  ends  of  the  spindles,  and  form  two 
polar  crowns  (Carney's  couronne polaire,  the  wreaths, 
rosets,  spirems) ;  the  spindle-threads  break  and  are 
drawn  toward  the  polar  crowns,  and  two  daughter-nu- 
clei result. 

Karyokinetic  (kar-e-o-kin-ct'-ik)  [napvov,  nucleus ; 
tdvTfffig,  motion].  In  biology,  applied  to  the  active 
stages  of  nuclei. 

Karyolysis  [kar-e-oV -is-is)  [napvov,  nucleus  ;  '/A-eiv,  to 
loose].     The  segmentation  of  the  nucleus  of  the  cell. 

Karyolytic  (kar-e-o-litf-ik)  [napvov,  nucleus  ;  Xveiv,  to 
loose].     Relating  to  karyolysis. 

Karyomita  (kar-e-o'-tnit-ah  i  [napvov,  nucleus  ;  uiroc,  a 
thread].  In  biology,  the  achromatin-threads  forming 
the  nuclear  spindle  in  a  dividing  or  active  nucleus. 


Karyomitoic  [kar-e-o-mit-o1 '-ik)  [napvov,  nucleus  ;  u 
a  thread].      Relating  to  karyomitosis. 

Karyomitoma  {kar-e-o-mit-of-mak).     See  Cell-bodv. 

Karyomiton  ikar-e-om' '-it-on) .     See  Chromatin. 

Karyomitosis     [kar-e-o-mit-o' '-sis)     [napvov,    nucleus  ; 
i/iTnf,  a  thread].      The  division    or  splitting  ol 
nuclear  mass  ^i  i  bromatin-fibers. 

Karyomitotic  (kar-e-o-mit-ot* -ik)  [napvov,  nucleus; 
fiirog,  a  thread].      Relating  to  karyomitosis. 

Karyoplasm  [kar* -e-o-plazm)  [napvov,  a  nut,  kernel ; 
-'/'im/ii,  anything  formed].  In  biology,  the  nuclear 
substance  of  a  cell.     See  Chromatin. 

Karyoplasma  (kar-e-o-plaz'  -mah).  Same  as  Karyo- 
plasm. 

Karyosoma  (kar-e-o-so' -mah)  [napvov,  nucleus  ;  ccjua, 
a  body,  //.,  A'aryosomata].  A  nuclear  microsoma  ; 
a  round  body  resembling  a  nucleolus,  contained  in  the 
segmentation-nucleus  of  the  ovum. 

Karyostasis  (kar-e-os' -ta-sis)  [napvov,  nucleus;  ara- 
aic,  a  stoppage].  The  resting-stage  of  nuclei  of  cells. 
It  is  opposed  to  karyokinesis. 

Karyostatic  (kar-e-o-statf -ik)  [napvov,  nucleus  ;  ardaiq, 
a  stoppage].     Pertaining  to  karyostasis. 

Karyostenosis  (kar-e-o-ste-no'  -sis)  [napvov,  a  nucleus  ; 
crrevor,  narrow  ;  gtev6eiv,  to  make  narrow].  The  sim- 
ple division  of  the  nucleus  of  a  cell.  This  process 
is  called  also  akinetic,  or  direct  division. 

Kassu  (kas'-oo)  [E.  Ind.].  A  black  astringent  sub- 
stance obtained  from  areca  nuts,  and  used  for  the 
same  purpose  as  true  catechu. 

Kata-  (kat'-ah-).  For  words  thus  beginning,  and  not 
found  under  K.,  see  Cata-. 

Katabolergy  (kat-ab-ol'  -er-je) .      See  Cataboler 

Katabolic  (kat-ab-ol' -ik).  See  Catabolic.  K.  Nerves, 
thermo-excitory,  as  distinguished  from  anabolic,  or 
thermo-inhibitory,  nerves. 

Katabolism  (kat-abf -o-lizm).     See  Catabolism. 

Katacrotic  (kat-ak-rotf  -ik).     Same  as  Catadicrotic. 

Katadicrotic  (kat-ah-di-krotf  -ik).     See  Catadicrotic. 

Katadicrotism  (kai-ad-ik'  -rot-izm).    See  Catadicrotism. 

Katadidymus  [kat-ad-id'  -im-us).     See  Catadidymus. 

Katalepsy  (kat'-al-ep-se).     See  Catalepsy. 

Katalysis  (kat-al'-is-is).      See  Cata  I: 

Katantostomus  [kat-an-to-sto/-mus).  See  Catantosto- 
mus. 

Katanturaniscus  (kat-a/i-tiir-an-is/-kus).  See  Catan- 
tnraniscus. 

Katanturanus  (kat-an-ffir'-an-us).     See  Catantnranus. 

Kataplasm  (kat'-ap-lazm).      See  Poultice. 

Katastate  (ka/'-as-tdt).      See  Catastate. 

Katatonia  (kat-at-o' '-ne-ah).      See  Catatonia. 

Katelectrotonic  (kat-el-ek-tro-ton'-ik).  See  Catelectro- 
tonic.      K.  Zone.     See  Zone. 

Katelectrotonus  (kat-e/-ek-trotf -o-nus).  See  Catelec- 
trotonus. 

Katharophore  (kath-arf-o-for)  [naBap6c,  clean  ;  oopeeiv, 
to  carry].      An  instrument  for  cleansing  the  urethra. 

Katharsis  (kath-ar'-sis).     See  Catharsis. 

Kathetometer   (kath-et-om' '-et-er)   [nard,  against  ; 
pov,    measure].      An   instrument  for  ascertaining  the 
level  of  fluids. 

Kathion  (kath'-e-on).      See  Cation. 

Kathode  (kath'-od)  [nard,  down;  686c,  path].  The 
negative  pole  of  a  galvanic  battery. 

Kathodic  {kath-od'-ik)  [Kara,  down ;  666g,  path]. 
Pertaining  to  the  kathode  or  negative  pole  of  a  galvanic 
battery.  In  biology,  turned  in  the  opposite  direction  to 
that  of  the  genetic  spiral.  K.  Closure-contraction, 
the  muscular  contraction  occurring  when  the  circuit 
is  closed  with  the  rheophore  on  a  motor  point.  K. 
Opening-contraction,  the  muscular  contraction  that 
occurs  when  the  circuit  is  opened. 


■ 


KERATECTASIA 


K.   Gum. 


I 

- 


Kc 


.nil) 

In   small  and 

I  nof. 

•r.il  sub- 


,)d.      A 

albumin 


.  >cles.  laped    b 

iip].     I-  i  ting 

pap- 

A    nutritious   -ubstance 

iws'  milk  pro- 

K.-seed,  a  substance   con- 

i  'i  kefyr.     It 

aim-  kefyr.     See  Bacteria, 

Operation  ,  inOpera- 


Keimplasma 


-ctome 


kim'-p 
bud  ;  plasm]. 

itary  transmission 
■a  that  In-  believes  to  be 
■  >n  without  all 

tumor ;    ek,    out  ; 

duced  in- 

nula,  in  order  to  obtain  a 

i      I  ;     -ame 

I .    II .     /. 

i  the  dis- 
ing  from 

■ 

nmi 

\  the 

iwer 


-piece. 


than  tin-  white.  It  is  commonest  in  mid- 
dle age  ;  its  favorite  sites  are  the  sternum,  shoulders, 
and  neck.  Hie  lesion  is  crab  like  in  appearance, 
hence  its  name.  K.  of  Addison,  forms  contractions 
'..in  and  fasi  1 a  .  giving  a  hide-bound  1«  ><  >k  to  the 
part.  It  aris< :s  spontaneously  at  the  sitesof  cicatrices 
and  other  injuries  to  the -kin.     See  Diseases,  Table  of . 

Kelology  -°-Je)   [*^^9i  hernia;  "Kbyog,  science]. 

I'll,  of  hernias. 

Kelotomy    i  me).      See   Celotomy  and   Herttio- 

/i'. 

Kelp  [origin  obscure].  I.  Burnt  sea- weed,  from  which 
iodin  i>  obtained.  2.  The  Fucacea  laminarice  and 
other  I  ds. 

Kelvin  vin)  [in  honor  of  Lord   Kelvin],      A  com- 

mercial unit. 'i  electricity;  one  thousand   wait  hours. 

Kemperdick's  Apparatus.  An  apparatus  for  reducing 
the  temperature  in  fever.  It  consists  of  a  rubber  bag 
to  be  introduced  into  the  rectum  having  an  entrance- 
tube  and  an  exit-tube,  thus  permitting  a  continuous  flow 
.  if  water. 

Kempherid    1  r-id)   [after   Kcempfer,   a  <  German 

traveler],  '    ,  1 1 , ,' >,.,.      A    yellow,  crystalline  body  ob- 
tained from  tin-  resin  of  Kctmpferia galanga. 

Kenogenesis  [ken-o-jen1 -es-is)  [/cewJc,  empty;  ytveoig, 
genesis].  Evolution  of  forms  riot  true  to  the  parental 
type,  but  variously  adapted  or  modified.  A  vitiated 
individual  development  in  which  the  phylogenetic  evo- 
lution is  not  ttuly  epitomized. 

Kenogenetic  [ken-o-jen-ef '-ik)  \ksv6q,  empty;  ytveaic, 
generation].  In  biology,  having  a  vitiated  germ- 
history. 

Kenogeny  [ken-ojf-en-e).     See  Kenogenesis. 

Kenophobia    [ken-o-fo' -be-ah)    [wivjf,    empty;     ■ 
fear].      The  morbid  fear  of   open   spaces    or    places. 
Same  as  Agoraphobia. 

Kenosis  [ken- o' -sis).     See  Cenosis. 

Kenospudia  [ken-o-spu' '-de-ah).     See  Cenospudia. 

Kentish  Ointment.  The  compound  resin-ointment 
made  by  adding  one  dram  of  turpentine  to  each  ounce 
of  the  ordinary  resin-ointment.  It  is  a  useful  stimulat- 
ing application  to  severe  burns. 

Kentrokinesis  \  ken-fro- kin-e' '-sis)  [nivrpov,  center,  spur ; 
.  motion].      The  influence  of  any  motor  nerve- 
center  ;  excito-motor  action. 

Kentucky  Coffee-bean.     See  Chicot. 

Kephalic  [kef-al'-ik)  \Kztytikii,  head] .  See  Cephalic.  K. 
Acid.  An  acid  described  by  Thudichum  as  existing  in 
brain -tissue. 

Kephalin  [keff-al-in).     See   Cephalin. 

Kephalograph  [kef'-al-o-graf).     See  Cephalograph. 

Kephalometer  [kef-al-om/-et-er).     See  Cephalometer. 

Kephalo-phosphoric  Acid  [kef,-al-o-fos-for,-ik).     See 
•'. 

Kephalyl  (ke//-al-ii)  [/>foa///,  head  ;  vfaj,  matter,  prin- 
ciple].      The  radicle  of  kephalic  acid. 

Kephyr  -       Kefyr. 

Keracele  horn  ;    «>)>//,  tumor].      A 

horny  tumor  on  the  hoof  of  horses- 

Keraphyllocele                1  '       el)  [nepac ,  horn ;  t/AXkov, 
leal              .   tumor].      A   horny  growth    between  the 
,  1 1  and  the  deeper  tis 

Keraphyllous      I  r/-us)     [i<ipac,    horn;     <m'/'/<>v, 

d  of  homy  layi 

Kerasene.  or  Kerasin  (/■  r'  as  in  or  ker'-as-in)  [/. 
horn],   (  „;1 1.,,  X<  >.,.      A    nitrogenous    substance;   one 
of  the  cerebrins  obtained  from  brain  substance. 

Keratalgia  [ker-at-al' '-je-ah)  \jttpag,  cornea;  aXyoc, 
pain].      Pain  in  the  cornea. 

Keratectasia  [ker-at-ek-ta/-se-ah  )  [icipag,  horn,  cornea; 

nsion].     The  forward  protrusion  or  bulging 

off  1       A  bulging  forward  of  the  deeper  layers 


KERATECTOMY 


639 


KERATODERMATITIS 


of  the  cornea,  after  1"--  of  the  -uj ><rt"icial  lamina.  It 
differs  from  staphyloma  in  the  absence  of  perforation, 
and  in  the  non-invoh  ement  of  the  iris. 

Keratectomy  [ker-at-ek' '-to-me)  [  pag,  horn,  cornea ; 
EKTOfif],  a  cutting  out].  Surgical  excision  of  a  part  of 
the  cornea. 

Keratiasis  [ker-at-i' '-as-is)  [/c£pac,  horn],  A  morbid 
condition  characterized  by  the  growth  oi  horny  excres- 
cences. 

Keratic  [ker-at'  ik)  [/cepac,  horn].     Horny. 

Keratin  [ker' '-at-in)  [/e£pac,  hornj.  The  basis  of  horny 
tissues,  hair,  nails,  feathers,  etc.  It  is  a  mixture  of 
various  complex  substances.  Decomposed,  it  yields 
leucin  and  tyrosin.     It  is  used  in  pharmacy. 

Keratinian  {ker-at-in'-e-an)  \jdpag,  horn].  Relating 
to  keratin  or  to  the  cornea. 

Keratinization  [ker-at-in-iz-a'-skun)  [icipag,  horn]. 
i.  The  development  of  a  horny  quality  in  a  dssue. 
2.  The  coating  of  pills  with  keratin. 

Keratitis  {ker-at-i' '-tis)  [<■  rnea  ;  ing,  inflamma- 

tion]. Inflammation  of  the  cornea.  K.,  Asthenic. 
See  A",  Phlyctenular.  K.,  Astigmatic,  a  form  of 
keratitis  said  to  be  due  to  uncorrected  astigmatism.  K. 
bullosa,  the  formation  of  large  or  small  blebs  upon 
the  cornea  of  an  eye,  the  seat  of  iridocyclitis,  inter- 
stitial keratitis,  or  glaucoma.  K.,  Circumscribed, 
limited  to  a  part  of  the  cornea.  K.  contagiosa,  a 
contagious,  suppurative  variety  occurring  in  cattle. 
K.,  Cretaceous,  a  calcareous  infiltration  of  the  cor- 
neal epithelium.  K.,  Deep.  See  A",  profunda. 
K.,  Diffuse.  See  JC.,  Interstitial.  K.,  Dotted.  See 
K.  punctata.  K.,  Fascicular,  a  form  of  phlyctenular 
keratitis  in  which  one  of  the  ulcers,  originally  formed 
at  the  margin  of  the  cornea,  creeps  across  its  sur- 
face, followed  by  a  leash  of  distended  blood-vessels. 
K.,  Granular,  due  to  conjunctival  granulations ; 
pannus.  K.,  Herpetic,  characterized  by  the  forma- 
tion of  small  vesicles  on  the  cornea,  which  ulcerate 
and  then  heal.  Relapses  are  common.  K.,  Hypo- 
pyon, an  ulcerative  form  accompanied  by  the  forma- 
tion of  pus  in  the  anterior  chamber.  K.,  Inherited. 
See  A'.,  Interstitial.  K.,  Interstitial,  a  form  of 
keratitis  in  which  the  entire  cornea  is  invested  with  a 
diffuse  haziness,  almost  completely  hiding  the  iris. 
The  surface  of  the  cornea  presents  a  ground-glass 
appearance.  Later,  from  ciliary  injection,  blood-ves- 
sels form  in  the  superficial  layers  of  the  cornea,  and 
produce  a  dull-red  color,  the  "  salmon  patch "  of 
Hutchinson.  The  entire  cornea  may  become  cherry- 
red.  The  disease  is  most  frequent  between  the  ages 
of  five  and  fifteen,  and  occurs  in  syphilitic  individ- 
uals. K.  maculosa.  See  A',  superficialis  punc- 
tata. K.,  Marginal,  a  form  of  phlyctenular  keratitis 
in  which  the  phlyctenules  are  arranged  around  the 
margin  of  the  cornea.  K.  marginalis,  a  rare  form 
of  keratitis  that  must  not  be  confounded  with  the 
marginal  form  of  phlyctenular  keratitis.  It  occurs  in 
elderly  people,  and  consists  of  a  yellowish-gray  zone 
of  opacity  immediately  joining  the  sclera,  which  pushes 
into  the  clear  cornea  and  occupies  about  one-half  the 
circumference.  K.  neuroparalytica,  keratitis  fol- 
lowing paralysis  of  the  fifth  nerve.  It  does  not 
usually  occur  in  partial  paralysis  of  the  nerve.  Its 
cause  is  loss  of  trophic  influence,  aided  by  mechanical 
irritation  and  drying  of  the  cornea.  K.  of  Reapers, 
a  traumatic  form  due  to  irritation  of  the  corneas  of 
reapers  by  beards  of  grain.  K.  pannosa,  a  superfi- 
cial form  in  which  blood-vessels  develop  beneath  and 
in  the  epithelium.  The  latter  undergoes  hyperplasia 
and  becomes  in  part  opaque.  K.,  Parenchymatous. 
See  A",  Interstitial.  K.,  Phlegmonous.  See  K. 
purulenta.     K.,   Phlyctenular,  a  disease  of  the  eye 


characterized  by  the  formation  upon  some  portion  of 
the  cornea  of  .-.mall  papules  or  pustules,  often  asso- 
ciated with  the  formation  of  a  similar  lesion  upon  the 
ijunctiva.  It  is  marked  by  much  local  congestion, 
lacrymation,  and  intense  photophobia.  The  papules 
maj  p   into  ulcers.      K.  profunda,  an   unusual 

form  ol  keratitis  characterized  by  the  formation  of  a 
gray  opacity  in  the  (inter  of  the  coi  rered  by 

superficial  and  stippled  corneal  layers.  K.  punctata. 
I.  tion  of  (lie   cornea  in   association 

with  affections  of  the  iris,  choroid,  and  vitreous.  It  is 
characterized  by  the  formation  of  opaque  dots,  gener- 
ally arranged  in  a  triangular  manner  upon  the  poste- 
rior ela-tic  lamina  of  the  cornea.  It  is  sometimes  des- 
ignated as  Descemetitis.  2.  Also  a  term  given  to  an 
inflammatory  affection  of  the  cornea  in  which  isolated 
white  spots  appear  in  Descemet's  membrane,  sur- 
rounded by  cloud\  area-.  It  oci  urs  in  children  before 
pul"  I    is    probably  syphilitic.     K.  purulenta, 

accompanied  by  the  formation  of  pus.  K.,  Pustular. 
See  A'.,  Phlyctenular.  K.,  Rheumatic,  occurring  in  a 
rheumatic  subject.  K.,  Ribbon-like,  a  nam.-  applied 
to  the  formation  of  a  transverse  calcareous  film  on  "the 
cornea,  especially  in  elderly  people.  It  is  usually 
symmetric,  and  occurs  chiefly  in  men  of  the  gouty 
diathesis.  K.  scrofulosa.  See  K.,  Interstitial.  K., 
Secondary,  due  to  disease  of  other  parts.  K.,  Spe- 
cific. See  A",  Interstitial.  K.,  Strumous.  Sw  A'., 
Phlyctenular, and  A'.,  Interstitial.  K.  subepithelial 
centralis.  See  A',  superficialis  punctata.  K.  su- 
perficialis punctata,  a  disease  of  the  cornea  a 
ciated  with  severe  conjunctivitis  and  with  catarrh  of  the 
respiratory  tract.  In  two  or  three  days  punctiform  or 
linear  spots  appear  immediately  beneath  the  epithe- 
lium, the  overlying  conjunctiva  being  slightly  hazy.  It 
is  also  called  A",  subepithelialis  centralis,  and  A",  macu- 
losa. K.  suppurativa.  See  A",  purulenta.  K., 
Sympathetic,  that  following  inflammation  of  the 
other  eye.  K.,  Syphilitic.  See  A",  Interstitial. 
K.  taenulosa.  See  A'.,  Phlyctenular.  K.,  Trach- 
omatous. See  Pannus.  K.,  Traumatic,  that  conse- 
quent upon  wounds  or  other  injury  of  the  cornea.  K. 
ulcerosa,  a  form  in  which  one  or  more  ulcers  involv- 
ing part  of  the  cornea  are  present.  K.  variolosa,  that 
occurring  in  smallpox.  It  is  purulent  and  often  arises 
from  a  corneal  pustule.  K.,  Vascular,  a  superficial 
vascularity  of  the  cornea  occurring  in  pannus,  etc. 
K.,  Vesicular.     See  A",  Phlyctenular. 

Keratocele  [ker' -at-o-sel)  \jdpag,  cornea;  hi/'///,  tumor]. 
A  hernia  of  Descemet's  membrane  through  the  cornea. 

Keratochromatosis     [ker-at-o-kro-mat-o' -sis)      [a 
horn;   ^pty/a,    color].      Discoloration   of  the  cornea. 

Kerato-conjunctivitis  [ker* ' -at-o-kon-junk-tiv-i* '-tis) 
[xlpac,  horn,  cornea  ;  conjnnctivus ,  connecting  ;  n  . 
inflammation].  Simultaneous  inflammation  of  the 
cornea  and  the  conjunctiva. 

Kerato-conometer  [ker-at-o-ko-nom'-et-er)  [/ccpac, 
cornea;   Kuvog,   cone;    u  teasure].     An   instru- 

ment for  estimating  astigmatism  by  the  images  reflected 
from  the  cornea. 

Keratoconus  {ker-at-o-ko* -nus).     See  Keratoglobus. 

Keratode  [ker' -at-od)  [i&pag,  horn;  eldog,  like].  The 
horny  substance  composing  the  skeleton  of  certain 
sponges. 

Keratodeocele  {ker-at-od' '-e-o-sit).     See  Keratocele. 

Keratodeonyxis  [ker-at-od-e-o-niks/-is).  See  Kerat- 
onyxis. 

Keratoderma  (ker-at-o-dcr' '-mah)  Vicipag,  horn  ;  Aepfia, 
skin].    I.   The  cornea.  2.  A  horny  condition  of  the  skin. 

Keratodermatitis  [ker-at-o-der-mat-i'-tis)  \japag,  horn  ; 
.    -kin  ;    trtg,    inflammation].      Inflammation    of 
the  keratoderma;    keratitis. 


Kl 


640 


KERAl  NONEUROSIS 


ele 

Kc: 


K 


. 
K     erythematosa  sym- 
.  in  w  bicb  the 
■ 

.    hom  ; 
\    .•  nip    ol     in- 


rmation    of   homy 

K.  Membrane,  tliat  the   skin  or 

.  and 

n     i;        /'i/s, 
usion   of    tin-    cornea. 
me   distended    in  so 

nt  closure  of  the 

uphthalmos.     When  the  dis- 

ar,  and  cone-shaped,  the 

uea,  it  is 

\\  hen  the  pro- 

with  synechia  of  the 

i    anterior 

n  the  fluids  of  tlie 

■nl  uniform  ei  tasia,  it   is 

ement  of  tlie  cornea 

itogloss':  .Tffn, 

v 

urring  in  granules  in 
granules  are  in- 
■   ■ .  and  are  present 
te  cells. 

,    like]. 

.  inflammation  of 

itoleukoma  i  ,    horn  ; 

matal.      A   leukoma 

h   .in  ;    //>,,,   solu- 

nd  rare  condition 

.  is 

■■   like 

.  horn  ;   '/rr.n  ,  solu- 

tumor: 
1  nital 

rneal 

'ting]. 

■  1  for 

■ 


Keratomycosis    (ker-at-o-mi-kof-sis)     [/c£pac,    cornea; 

«u'/,   fungus].      A    fungoid    growth  of    the    cornea, 

the    diseased     condition     therewith     associated. 

K.  aspergillina,  a  form  characterized  by  the  presence 
us. 

Keratoncus  [ker-at-ong' -kus)  [/c£pac,  horn ;  byiooQ,  a 
tumor  ].      An\-  horny  tumor. 

Keratonosis  (ker-at-t  See  Kerat 

Keratonyxis    (ker-at-o-niks' -is)    [icipag,  cornea;   ■■ 
needling].      Tlie  needling  of  a  soft  cataract   by  punc- 
ture through  the  cornea;     also,  the  old  operation   of 
couching  a  cataract  with  the  needle 

Keratoplasia  (ker-at-o-pla' '-ze-ah)     [itipag,  horn  ;  ~'/an- 
.  to  form].     The  reparative  renewal  of  the  horny 
layer  of  the  skin. 

Keratoplasty  (ker-at-o-pla  s' '-tilt)  [nipag,  horn  ;   rr/.aari- 
rmed].      Pertaining  to  keratoplasty. 

Keratoplasty  (ker' -at-o-plas-te)  [w'/wf,  cornea;  ir'kao- 
oetr.  to  t.  nil].  Plastic  operation  upon  the  cornea, 
especially  the  transplantation  of  a  button  or  excised 
portion  of  cornea  fromthe  eye  of  a  lower  animal  to  that 
of  man.  This  is  effected  by  means  of  a  peculiar 
trephine,  with  which  the  tissue  to  be  transplanted  is 
removed  from  the  animal's  eye  and  the  place  for  its 
ption  is  made  in  the  human  eye.  The  operation 
is  sometimes  called  trephining  the  cornea. 

Keratorrhexis    (ker-at-or-eks' '-is)    Txkpag,    horn;  / 
rupture].      Rupture  of  the  cornea,  due  to  ulceration  or 
traumatism. 

Keratoscleritis  (ker-at-o-skle-ri*-tis)  [ntpac,  cornea ; 
<jK/r//)6c,  hard  ;  int.  inflammation].  Inflammation  of 
the  cornea  and  the  sclera. 

Keratoscope  (kerf-at  o-skop)  [«/p«f ,  cornea ;  ononeiv, 
b<  observe].  An  instrument  for  examining  the  cornea, 
and  toting  the  symmetry  of  its  meridians  of  curvature. 

Keratoscopy  (ker-at-o  |    \jdpaq,  cornea;  oko 

to  observe].      Examination  of  the  cornea.   See  Rttiu- 
oscopy. 

Keratose  [ker/ -at-os)  \jdpag,  horn]       Horny. 

Keratosis  (ker-at-o' -sis')  [nipac,  horn;  rocroc,  disease]. 
Any  one  of  a  class  of  skin-diseases  characterized  by 
thickened  epidermis,  and  the  presenceof  such  callosities 
as  horns,  wart-,  etc.  Sec  Callosity.  K.  follicularis. 
See  Darter's  Disease.  K.  obturans,  a  condition  of  the 
external  auditory  meatus  due  to  desquamation  of  the 
epithelium,  the  mass  being  colored  by  cerumen  and 
containing  cholesterin-crystals.  K.  pilaris,  Lichen 
pilaris;  Lichen  spinulosus  ;  Pityriasis  pilaris  ;  a  chronic 
affei  i  ion  of  the  skin  marked  by  a  pin  head  sized  coni- 
cal elevation  investing  the  hair  follicle,  and  somewhat 
resembling  gooscllesh  and  ichthyosis.  The  skin  be- 
comes  dry  and  hard,  and  feels  like  a  nutmeg-grater. 
The  disease  appears  in  workingmen  who  are  uncleanly, 
anil  in  scrofulous  children,  and  it  occurs  chiefly  on  the 
thighs,  arms,  and  forearms.  K.  senilis,  a  cornifka- 
tion  of  the  skin  of  old  people,  general  or  partial,  cir- 
cumscribed or  diffuse,  and  often  limited  to  certain  defi 
nite  regions,  as  the  face  and  dorsal  surfaces  of  the 
hands  and  feet.  The  lesions  consist  of  light  or  dark 
yellowish,  brownish,  or  blackish  points,  dry,  scaling. 
and  horny,  or  scaling  and  greasy.  These  may  becomr 
the  seat  of  an  epitheliomatous  process. 

Keratotome  (ker> '-at-o-tom).      See  Keratome. 

Keratotomy    (ker-at-of '-o-me)   [idpag,  cornea  ;  ri/ivetv, 
ut].      Surgical  im  ision  of  the  cornea. 

Keraunographic  (ker-aw  no  raf-ik)  [xtpavvoc,  light- 
ning; ypdipetv,  to  writ.].  Pertaining  to  the  pictorial 
impressions  of  near  objects  sometimes  seen  upon  tin- 
body  ,,l  a  person  who  has  been  struck  by  lightning. 

Keraunoneurosis  (ker-aw-no  im-nZ-sis)  [wy>aw<5c, 
lightning;  vevpov,  nerve ;  vdoog,  disease].  Nervous 
disease  due  to  lightning-stroke. 


KERAUNOI'IIOIJI  \ 


641 


KIDNEY 


Keraunophobia  (ker-aw-no-fof -be-a!i)  [icepawdg,  light- 
ning ;  $6f3os,  dread].  Morbid  dread  "1"  lightning ; 
astrapaphobia. 

Kerectasia  [ker-ek-ta/-se-ah).     See  Keratectasia. 

Kerectomy  [ker-ek' '-to-me).     See  Keratectomy. 

Kerion,  or  Kerium  [ke'-re-on  or  ke' -re-urn)  [tajpiov, 
honey-comb  favus].     Same  as  /■'nuts. 

Kerkring,  Valves  of.     See   /  'alve. 

Kermes    [ker'-miz)    [Pers.,    qirmiz,  crimson],     A  red 
dye-stuff,  made  up  of  the  dried  females  of  Coccus  ■ 
an  insect   not   unlike   cochineal,    found    on   oak  tl 
in  the  Orient.     K.  Mineral,  a  mixture  of  the  teroxid 
and   tersulphid  of  antimony,   formerly  much  used  in 
medicine.      It  is  also  called  red  antimony. 

Kermesine  [kerf  met  in)  [Pers.,  qirmiz,  crimson]. 
Pertaining  to  kermes. 

Kermesite  {kerf -miz-tt)  [Pers.,  qirmiz,  crimson].  The 
native  oxysulphid  of  antimony. 

Kermisin  [kerf -miz-in)  [Pers.,  qirmiz,  crimson]. 
Carmin-red. 

Kernel  [ker'-nel)  [ME.,  kirnel,  a  little  corn  or  grain]. 
I.  'The  popular  name  for  the  pancreas  or  sweetbread 
of  animals.  2.  The  bundle  of  fat  on  the  fore-shoulder  ; 
any  swelling  or  mass  of  flesh.  3.  A  nucleus.  4.  In 
the  plural,  a  popular  term  for  enlarged  lymphatic 
glands.  5-  In  biology,  the  edible  portion  of  a  drupe  or 
an  entire  seed. 

Keroid  [ker'-oid)   \jckpaq,  horn ;  elSog,    like].      Horny. 

Kerosene  (ker'-o-seii).     See  Burning  oil. 

Kerosolene  {ker* '-o-so-lBn)  \jtrip6q,  wax;  oleum,  oil]. 
A  colorless,  volatile  liquid  distilled  from  coal-oil.  It 
boils  at  580  C.  and  has  been  used  as  a  local  anesthetic. 
Unof. 

Kessel's  Operation.     See  Opera/ions,  'fable  of. 

Ketin  (ket'-in),  t't.ll.X,.  I.  An  oily  substance,  boil- 
ing between  I700  and  1800  C.  2.  A  member  of  a  ho- 
mologous series,  CnII.,n  —  4N?,  produced  by  the  action 
of  sodium  (or  tin)  and  hydrochloric  acid  on  nitroso- 
acetone  and  its  homologues.  Diethylketin,  C10Hlg- 
N2,  is  an  oily  substance,  boiling  at  from  2150  to  21 70 
C.  ;  it  is  formed  by  the  reduction  of  nitrosoethyl- 
acetone.  Dimethylketin  is  a  crystalline  solid, 
soluble  in  ether,  fusing  at  87°  C,  and  produced  by 
the  reduction  of  nitrosomethylacetone.  Dipropyl- 
ketin,  C^H^X.,.  is  an  oily  substance,  boiling  between 
2350  and  2400  C,  atid  formed  in  the  reduction  of 
nitrosopropylacetone. 

Ketols  (ke'-tolz).  In  chemistry,  ketone-alcohols,  con- 
taining both  the  ketone  and  alcohol  groiij 

Ketone  [ke'-ton)  [an  arbitrary  variation  of  acetone"].  In 
chemistry,  an  organic  compound  consisting  of  the 
unsaturated  radicle  =C=0  united  to  two  alcohol 
radicles.  It  may  be  considered  as  a  derivative  of 
secondary  alcohols,  bearing  the  same  relation  to  them 
as  the  aldehyds  bear  to  the  primary  alcohols.  The 
ketones  are  compounds  in  which  two  hydrogen  atoms 
of  an  intermediate  carbon  atom  are  replaced  by  one 
atom  of  oxygen.  They  arr  generally  volatile  liquids, 
of  ethereal  odor,  insoluble  in  water.  They  are  the 
products  of  the  oxidation  of  the  secondary  alcohols, 
or  of  the  union  of  carboxyl,  CO,  with  two  alkyl 
atoms. 

Ketonic  (Jie-ton'-ik)  [ketone].     Pertaining  to  ketone. 

Ketoses  (ke-to/-ses).  In  chemistry,  a  generic  name 
applied  to  the  ketone  alcohols.  O  Mil, .OH. 

Ketoxims  [ke-toks' -imz) .     Same  a--  Acetoxims. 

Kettle  {kef -I)  [ME.,  ketel,  a  kettle].  A  vessel  made  of 
metal,  used  for  heating  liquids.  K.,  Bronchitis.  See 
K.,  Croup.  K.,  Croup,  a  contrivance  for  the  inhala- 
tion of  heated  moist  air,  which  may  be  medicated. 
Shaw's  croup-kettle  consists  of  an  alcohol-lamp  and  a 
vessel  fitted  with  a  long  tube,  by  means  of  which  the 
41 


steam   is  directed  downward  when  the  mouth-piece  is 
introduced  far  back  into  the  mouth. 

Key  [ke)  [ME.,  keye,  key].  An  instrument  for  opening 
or  fastening  a  lock.  K. -forceps,  Elliot's  ;  two  in- 
struments are  so  called,  the  one  having  I  1  for- 
ceps and  the  handle  of  a  key,  for  the  extraction  of 
teeth  ;  the  other  is  designed  for  the  extraction  of  1 
of  teeth  thai  1  but  one  side  above  the  alveolus. 
They  are  now  but  little  used.  K.  of  Garengeot,  an 
instrument  for  the  extraction  of  teeth,  composed  of  a 
shank  with  a  movable  clasp  and  a  cross-bar.  1  he 
clasp  is  applied  t<>  the  inner  -urface  of  the  tooth,  and 
the  extraction  is  accomplished  by  turning  the  handle. 
K.,  Tooth.     See  A",  of  Garengeot. 

Key  and  Retzius,  Foramina  of.  Two  foramina  at 
the  extremities  of  the  lateral  recesses  of  the  fourth 
ventricle  behind  the  upper  roots  of  the  glossopharyn- 
geal nerves.  They  connect  the  cisterna  magna  witli 
the  fourth  ventricle. 

Kiafer  [ki'-af-er).     See  Kefir. 

Kibbie's  Method.     See  Treatment,  Methods  of. 

Kibe  (kid).     See  Chilblain. 

Kidinga  pepo  [kid-inf-gah  pe'-po)  [African].  A  name 
applied  in  Zanzibar  to  a  disease  resembling  dengue. 

Kidney  [kidf-ne)  [ME.,  kid,  the  belly;  nere,  kidney]. 
One  of  the  two  large  glandular  organs  situated  in  the 
upper  and  posterior  portion  of  the  abdominal  cavity, 


Longitudinal  Section  through  the  Kidney. 
■>ii,  after  Henle.) 

2".  Boundary  layer  of  medulla.  2'.  Papillary  portion  of  me- 
dulla. 3,3.  Transverse  section  of  tubules  in  boundary  layer. 
4.  Fat  of  renal  sinus.  *.  Transversely  coursing  medullary 
rays.  <s,  5.  Artery.  1".  Labyrinth.  1'.  Medullary  rays. 
2.  Medulla.  1.  Cortex.  C.  Renal  calyx.  U.  Ureter. 
A.  Branch  of  renal  artery. 

and  especially  concerned  in  the  elimination  or  excre- 
tion of  water    and    nitrogenous  matter.       It   consists 


KIDNEY 


the 
K  .  A  chin) 

Amyloid,  that 
rotic,  the 

i    I  ly 

K.,  Bright's  Disease 
K..  Calices  oi  welve 

K.,Cica- 
1  kid- 
in  of   th 


^N. 


w 


.      IMI       Hl.OOD- 


i  he  Kidney. 

I,  the  lower  half  to 

low  n 

left.     The 

'    branches  to  the 

leruli, 


nd  by  thi 

K.,  Cir- 
K.. 

I 

K.,   Fatty,    one  the 

K..     Floating, 
rable 


..    v.     K.,  Granular.     Same  as  A'. , 

K.,  Head,   the    pronephron. 

K..  Hilum  of.     See   Hilum.      K.,  Hobnail.     Same 

K.,  Horseshoe,  a  con- 
dtal  deformity  in  which  the  two  kidneys  are  joined 

nerally  at  the  lower,  but  occasionally  at 
lecting  band,  composed  either 

:  substance  or  of  linn  fibrous  tissue.  K., 
Lardaceous.  Same  as  A.,  Amyloid,  a.  v.  K., 
Large  Mottled,  that  of  parenchymatous  nephritis, 
mottled  with  gray  patches.  K.,  Large  Red,  the 
kid:  Bright's   Disease  extravasated  with  blood. 

K.,  Large  White,  one  affected  with  lardaceous  de- 
generation  ;  also,  that  of  the  advanced  stage  of 
chronic  parenchymatous  nephritis.  K.,  Microcystic, 
one   containing   many    small   cysts.       K.,  Movable. 

iting.  K.  of  Pregnancy,  is  described  as 
an  anemic  kidney  with  fatty  infiltration  of  the  epithelial 
cells,  but  without  any  acute  or  chronic  inflamma- 
tion, occurring  in  pregnant  women.  It  is  possibly  due 
to  a  diminution  of  the  blood-supply  from  tonic  con- 
traction of  the  renal  arteries,  produced  by  the  pres- 
ence of  effete  matter  in  the  blood.  Albumin  is  found 
in  the  urine.  K.,  Palpable.  See  A'.,  Floating.  K., 
Pelvis  of,  the  funnel-shaped  expansion  or  dilated 
portion  of  the  ureter  formed  by  the  junction  of  the 
infundibula.  K.,  Pigback,  a  name  proposed  for  the 
large  congested  kidney  found  in  alcoholics.  K. -plant, 
the  Baccharis  pilUlaris.     K.,  Primordial,  the  meso- 


Bowman's  Capsule  and  Glomerulus. 
(/.  Vas  afferens.    e    Vas  efferens.    c    Capillary  network  of  the 
cortex,    k.  Endothelium  of  the  capsule,    h.    Origin  of  a  con- 
voluted tubule.   (Landois.) 

nephron.  K.,  Red  Contracted.  Same  as  A '. ,  Arterio- 
sclerotic, q.  7 .  K.-root,  the  root  and  lower  part  of  the 
stem  of  Baccharis pilularis ;  used  in  cystitis.  Unof. 
K.,    Scrofulous,  one  affected  with    tuberculous   dis 

e,   in    which  the  kidney-substance   is    largely  de- 

pyed,  nothing  being  left  but  a  sac  with  thickened 
fibrous  walls,  filled  with  a  yellow  creamy  or  putty-like 
material  containing  fatty  masses,  cholesterin,  tubercu- 
lous debris,  and  occasionally  calcareous  matter.  K., 
Sigmoid,  a  congenital  anomaly  intermediate  between 
the  horseshoe  form  and  complete  fusion.  K.,  Small 
Red  Granular.  Same  as  A'.,  Arteriosclerotic  t  q.  v. 
K.,  Small  White,  the  final  stage  of  the  large  white 

kidney  after  loss  of  its  substanci    i t  atrophy  or  de 

ion.     K.,  Spotted.     Same  as   A".  Large  Mot- 

i.   K.,  Surgical,  a  name  sometimes  given  to  pyelo- 

n   distention  of  the  kidney  attended   with 

inflammation,   abscesses  of  the    cortex,  anil    retention 

urine  mixed  with  fetid  pus.  K.,  Syphilitic, 
on<  ither   gummata    oi    resulting   scars. 


KIES1 i\l 


643 


KINO 


K.,  Unsymmetric,  a    ten  □  by  Rokitansky  to  a 

kidney  that  is  norma]  in   position   and  conformation, 
though  occasionally  rather  enlarged,  its   fellow  being 

it.     K.,  Wandering.     See  A'.,  Floating,     K., 
Waxy.     Same    as    A.,    Amyloid.     K.-worm. 
Thread-worms  and  Parasites  [Animal),  / 

Kiestine   (ki-es'-tin).      See  Gravidin.     K.  Test. 
Gravidin  Test. 

Kif  [African].  An  Algerian  mixture,  the  principal 
ingredient  of  which  is  Cannabis  indica.  Also,  the 
dreamy  state  induced  by  the  use  of  hashish. 

Kilian's  Line.  Sec  Lines,  TabU  of.  K.'s  Pelvis,  a 
halisteretic  pelvis  ;  a  pelvis  the  seat  "I   osteomalacia. 

Killosis  (kil-of-sis).  m  of  Strabismus. 

Kilogram  (kiV -o-gram)  [)'/»",  one  thousand  ; 

a  gram].     One  thousand  grams,  or  2.2  pounds  avoir- 
dupois. 

Kilogrammeter    (kil' '-o-gram-Bt* '-er)  [  \i'/mi,  one  thou 
sand;   ;  i         .   gram;  asure].     A  term 

denoting  the  energy  required  to   raise   one  kilogram 
one  meter  in  height;   equivalent  107.233  foot-pound.-. 

Kiloliter  (kil'-o-le-ter)  [\i'/i»i,  thousand;  Xirpa,  a 
liter].      One  thousand  liters,  or  35.3 1  cubic  feet. 

Kilometer    (kilf -o-me-ter)   \yDuol,    thousand; 

measure].      One  thousand  meter-,  or  1093. 6  yards. 

Kilostere     (kil'-o-ster)     |         01,    thousand;     arep 
solid].     One  thousand  cubic  meters. 

Kilowatt  [kil'-o-wot)  [  \i'/iot,  thousand  ;  watf\.  One 
thousand  watts   of  electricity  ;   same  as  the  kelvin. 

Kin  [ME.,  kin,  kin].  Race;  family;  breed;  kind; 
relationship. 

Kina,  or  Kino-kina  (ki'-nah  or  ki'-no-ki'-nah).  Cin- 
chona bark,  q.  v. 

Kinaesthesia  [kin-es-the/-ze-ah).     See  Kinesthesia. 

Kincough,  or  Kinkcough  (kin'-kof  or  king'-kof). 
Synonym  of   Whooping-cough. 

Kinematic  [kin-em-atf -ik)  [Kivripa,  a  motion].  Pertain- 
ing to  Kinematics. 

Kinematics  (kin-em-atf -iks)  [idimpa,  a  motion] .  The 
science  of  motion  without  reference  to  its  origin  or 
effects. 

Kinepock  (kin'-pok).      Synonym  of   Vaccinia,  </.  7: 

Kinesalgia  (kin-es-al/-je-ah)  [/aw/aig,  movement; 
ttkyog,  pain].  Local  pain  following  upon  muscular 
contraction. 

Kinesia  (kin-e' \-ze-ah)  [niimoig,  movement].  Move- 
ment-cure ;  systematic  use  of  motion  for  therapeutic 
or  hygienic  purposes. 

Kinesiatric  (kin-es-e-at* -rik)  [k/w/oyc,  movement ;  lar- 
piKor,  therapeutic].      Relating  to kinesitherapy. 

Kinesiatrics  (kin-es-e-at'-riks).   Same  as  Kinesitherapy. 

Kinesic  (kin-ez'-ik).     See  Kinetic. 

Kinesiesthesiometer  (kin  -  ez  -  e  -  es  -  the  -  ze-om' -et-er) 
[Kivqaig,  movement ;  aiodr/aig,  perception  ;  pirpov, 
measure].  An  instrument  devised  by  I  titzig  for  testing 
the  muscular-sense.  It  consists  of  seventeen  wooden 
balls  of  the  same  diameter,  but  of  different  weights. 

Kinesiology   (kin-es-e-ol' -o-je\  [idviioig,  motion  ;   / 
discourse].       The  science  of  movements,  considered 
especially  as  therapeutic  or  hygienic  agencies. 

Kinesiometer  (kin-es-e-om/ -et-er)  \jdv^aig,  motion; 
perpov,  measure].  An  instrument  for  determining 
quantitatively  the  motion  of  a  part. 

Kinesioneurosis  (kin-es-e-o-nu-ro' '-sis)  \juvrioig,  move- 
ment;  vevpov,  a  nerve;  icrnr,  disease].  functional 
abnormalism  of  the  motor  centers  or  nerves. 

Kinesionosos  (kin-es-e-on' '-o-sos)  \idvT)oig,  movement; 
wSffoc,  disease].  Any  disease  marked  by  impairment 
of  the  power  of  motion. 

Kinesiotherapy  (kin-es-e-o-ther1 '-ap-e)  [nivr/aig,  move- 
ment; Btpa-xtzia,  therapy].  The  treatment  of  disease 
by  systematic  active  or  passive  movement-. 


Kinesipathic      (kin-es-ip-ath' -ik)  ition  ; 

-"'  ase].     Pertaining  to  kinesipath 

Kinesipathist      (kin 

•  )ne   who  practises   the   gymni 

treatment  oi 
Kinesipathy  (kin-es-ip/ -ath-e)  [luvrjaig ,  m 

disease].     1.  Kinesionosos.     2.  (Incorrectly)    kini 

therapy. 

Kinesis   [kin  \       loug,    motion].      The   gen 

term  for  all  the  physical  forms  of  energy,  a  I  to 

Metakin,   •  .  a  I  uded  to  express  the  psycho- 

logic exhibition  of  coordinates  <.r  •  orrelati  -  <•!  kim 
According  to  a  monistic  conception  of  the  univi 
both  are  the  double  aspects  of  one  underlying  reality. 

Kinesitherapy    (kin-es-e-ther1 '-ap-e]     \1dvr1aug,    motion  ; 
ire,  cure].      See  .  ements. 

Kinesodic  (kin  es-od'-ik)  [jdv^acg,  motion  ;  666g,  way]. 
Pertaining  to  those  nerve-liber-  conveying  motor  in- 
fluences.     Also,  the  motor  tracts  of  the  nerve-system. 

Kinesotherapy  (kin-es-o-ther'-ap-e).  .Same  as  Kinesi- 
therapy. 

Kinesthesia  kin-ez-tlie'  -ze-ah).     Same  as  Kines thesis. 

Kinesthesis  (fcin-es-tke'-sis)  \javieiv,  to  move  ;  alad^oic, 
sensation].  That  quality  of  sensations  whereby  one 
is  aware  of  one's  positions  and  movements,  especially 
those  of  the  automatic  type  ;  it  is  distinct  from  the 
muscular  sense. 

Kinesthetic  (kin-es-thet1 '-ik)  [icivieiv,  to  move  ;  aicfhjatg, 
sensation.]      Relating  to  kinesthesia. 

Kinetia  (kin-e' -she-ah)  \jdvijaig,  motion].  A  term  ap- 
plied to  all  forms  of  motion-sickness.  It  includes  such 
disorders  as  sea-sickness  and  car-sickness. 

Kinetic  (kin-et'-ik)  \KivrfTix.6g,  producing  motion].  That 
which  produces  motion.  Pertaining  to  those  forces 
that  produce  motion. 

Kinetics  (kin-et' -iks)  [Kirr/riKoc,  producing  motion]. 
The  science  of  force  as  developing  motion. 

Kinetogenesis  ykin-et-o-jen'-es-is)  \klvzIv,  to  move  ; 
yiveaig,  origin].  In  biology,  the  origin  of  animal 
>tructures,  either  directly  or  indirectly  through  move- 
ments. 

Kinetogenetic    [kin-et-o-jen-ef '-ik)     [/rivr/aig,    motion  ; 
>8(Tig,  genesis].      Of  the  nature  of  or  pertaining  to 
kinetogenesis. 

Kinetogenetically  [kin-et-o-jen-ef '-ik-al-e)  \juv£iv,  to 
move;  ytveaig,  production].  In  biology,  originating 
through  movement. 

Kinetogeny  [kin-et-oj' '-en-e)  \_Kivqr6g,  verbal  adj.  of 
Kivelv,  to  move  ;  .  producing].      In   biology,  ap- 

plied to  the  agency  of  that  energy  developed  in  the 
motions  of  organi-m-.  and  their  parts,  in  the  modifica- 
tion of  the  forms  and  proportions  of  their  hard  parts. 

King's  Blue.  Same  as  Smalts.  K.'s  Evil,  a  name 
formerly  popularly  applied  to  scrofula,  on  account  of  a 
belief  that  it  could  be  cured  by  the  touch  of  the  king. 
K.'s  Yellow.  See  Orpiment,  and  Pigments,  Con- 
spectus 

Kinic  Acid  [kinf-ik).     See  Acid,  Quinic. 

Kink  (kingk)  [D. ,  kinken,  cough].  1.  The  whoop  in 
whooping-cough.  2.  A  synonym  of  whooping-cough. 
3.  A  flexion  or  a  twist.  K. -cough,  a  synonym  of 
whooping-cough.  K.-host,  a  synonym  of  whooping- 
cough.     See  Pertussis. 

Kino  (ki'-no)  [E.  Ind.].  The  inspissated  juice  of 
Pterocarpus  marsupium,  found  in  India,  and  similar 
in  action  to  tannic  acid  ;  it  is  used  mainly  as  a  constit- 
uent of  gargles  and  diarrhea-mixtures.  K.,  Tinct., 
10  per  cent,  of  the  drug.  Dose  x\\—  :jij.  K.,  Pulv., 
Comp.  (B.P.),  kino  15,  opium  I,  cinnamon  4.  Dose 
gr.  v-xx.  Various  similar  substances  are  called  by 
this  name.  K.,  Jamaica,  is  produced  by  the  I 
Coccoloba  unifera.     See  Coccoloba.     K.,  Australian,  i- 


KIN  II' 


>.ll 


KNIES  AND  WEBER'S  THEORY 


K..  Butea, 

K 

und  in  ki 

the 


and 


cutting], 
r  divid- 

inn. 

ting  sul- 

•  I    iron 

K.'s    Lines. 

criment       -  ntum   mira- 

.   K.  Micrococcus  of    S  nymatic 

Cerate.      A  1     of    lead- 

.  i  rinegar,  each  8 

;        t.      It  is  ased  in  the 

-y  Green.      -  forth  Gt 

[( ler.l.    A  spiritous  liquor 
:  land  by  the  distilla- 
te odor 
.    nd  is  i  |ual 
it  is  called,  also, 

V.  '■'  (s  of. 

Muscle 

ingsalts 
n.     K.  Water,  a 
iria. 

i    ntrolling  uterine 
otton  to  a 
tail. 
[Jap.].      A    Japai 

im,  in  which 
r  child  i  1  inr- 

iture 

ma. 
'■' 

I 


'admium,  q.  ?>. 
■ 

tion 

I  '-shun)     [l 

■ 


' 


' 


ly    internuncio]    function.       K.'s    Hematoxylin 
Solutions.     See  Stains,  Table  of. 

Kleinhovia  [klin  \h)  [after  Kleinhof,  director  of 

the  Botanic  Gardens  at  Batavia,  Java].     A  genus  of 

uliaceous  trees.     K.    hospita,    a    plant  beloi 
ing  to  the    Helii  ,    found   in   the   islands   of  the 

Indian  (  Uean.     The  leaves  have  been  used  to  darken 
the  cornea;   their  juice  causes  itching.      L'nof. 

Kleistian  Jar  [ktls/ -te-an).      Sam  ■  n  Jar. 

Klemperer's  Method.  A  method  of  ascertaining  the 
condition  of  gastric  peristalsis.  It  consists  in  the  in- 
troduction, by  the  tube,  into  the  empt\  stomach  of  ioo 
grams  of  olive-oil,  and  removing  by  aspirating  with 
water  what  remains  after  two  hours.  As  oil  is  not 
I  from  the  stomach,  the  difference  between 
the  amount  introduced  and  that  withdrawn  indicates 
the  activity  of  gastric  peristalsis.  The  oil  is  taken  up 
from  die  water  with  ether,  and  the  ethereal  solution 
placed  in  a  bulb,  the  weight  of  which  is  known. 
The  weight  of  the  oil  is  calculated  after  evaporation  of 
the  ether. 

Kleptomania  (klep-to-ma' '-ne-ah)  VkMitteiv,  to  steal ; 
fiavch,  madness].  A  form  of  emotional  insanity  mani- 
fested by  a  morbid  desire  to  commit  theft.  It  is 
sometimes  accompanied  by  impaired  intellect,  and  is 
often  hereditary. 

Kleptophobia    [klep-to-fo* -be-ah)    [K/.i-rtn-,    to    steal ; 
if,  fear].      A  morbid  dread  of  thieves. 

Klopemania  (klop-e-ma' -ne-ah)  \_k7.o-ij,  theft;  /xavia, 
madness].     Same  as  Kleptomania. 

Klopsophobia  Mtlop-so-fo'-be-aA)  [n/.uf,  thief;  <p6ftoc, 
fear] .    I nsane  dread  of  thieves.    Same  as  Kleptophobia. 

Klumene  [klu'-mlri).     Same  as./ 

Knapp's  Reagent.  A  reagent  for  the  detection  of 
sugar  in  the  urine.  It  consists  of  cyanid  of  mercury 
and  an  alkali. 

Knapweed  {nap,-wSd\.     See  Centaur ea. 

Kneading  [ne'-ding)  [ME.,  kneden,  to  knead].  The 
same  as  Pitrissage,  q.  v.     See  also  Malaxation. 

Knee  [ne)  [ME. , kne,  knee].    The  articulation  between 
the  femur  and  the  tibia.     See  also  Genu.     K. -aching 
Disorder.     Synonym   of    Dun,.      K. -cap,  the  pa- 
tella.   K. -chest  Position.    Set  Postures,  Table  of.   K. 
of  Corpus  Callosum,  the  anterior  extremity  of  the  cor- 
pus callosum.     See  Genu.     K. -elbow  Position.    See 
Postun  .     Table   of.     K.  of  Facial  Nerve,  the  point 
at  which  the  nucleus  of  its  origin  winds  around  that 
of  the  abducens  nerve.     K.,  Housemaid's.    See 
scess,    Bursal.      K.,    Hysteric,    a   painful  functional 
lion  of  the  knee-joint  in  hysteria.     K.,  In.     See 
Genu  valgum.     K.  of  Internal  Capsule,  the  angle  of 
junction  of  tin-  anterior  and  posterior  limbs  of  the  in- 
terna] capsule.     K.-jerk,    Patellar  Tendon-reflex. 
K. -reflex,   or  K. -phenomenon,  a  retraction    of   the 
quadriceps  extensor  femoris  muscle  as  a  result  of  a 
light  blow  on  the  patellar  tendon.     See  also  Reflex 
Table  of.     K. -joint,   a  hinge-joint    consisting  of  the 
articulation  of  the  condj  les  of  the  femur  with  the  upper 
remity  of  the  tibia  and  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
I  la.     K. -joint    Disease.      See    White    Swelling. 
K.,  Knock.     See  Genu.     K.,   Lawn-tennis,  an  af- 
irring    in  tennis-players,  probably  due  to 
a   contusion    or   laceration  of  the  internal  semilunar 
tilage.     K.,  Out.     See  Genu  varum.     K. -pan,  the 

Kneel  (nil)  [ME.,  knelen,  to  kneel].  To  rest  upon 
the  kn< 

Kneeling   [nel'-ing)   [ME.,  knelen,  to  kneel].        I 
ing  upon   the  knees.     K. -squatting  Position. 
Table  of. 

Knies  and  Weber's  Theory.  A  theory  as  to  the  ori- 
gin of  glaucoma.      It  claims  that  glaucoma   is  due  to 


KMI  I. 


u-ir> 


KOCH'S  AI'l'ARAl  1  S 


retention  of  an  excess  of  fluid  in  the  eye,  from  closure 
of  the  canal  leading  through  the  pectinate  ligament 
into  Schlemm's  canal. 

Knife  (nif)  [ME.,  knif,  knife].  An  instrument  for 
cutting.  In  surgery,  knives  are  oi  various  shapes  and 
sizes,  according  to  their  use.  K. -needle,  a  needle 
with  a  cutting  e<  1  li-cission  of  cataracts. 

Knitter's  Cramp  (nit'-erz  kramp).     See  C  amp. 

Knitting  {nit'-ing)  [ME.,  knit  ten,  to  knit].  The 
union  and  becoming  rigid  of  a  fracture. 

Knob  («i'A)  [ME. ,  knobbe,  a  knob].  A  protuberance. 
K.-root.     See  Collinsonia  canadensis. 

Knock-knee  [nok'-ne).    See  Genu  valgum. 

Knoppern  [knop'-ern)  [Ger.].  Galls  from  immature 
acorns  of  several  species  of  oak,  largely  used  in  Aus- 
tria for  tanning.  They  contain  from  twenty-eight  to 
thirty-live  per  cent,  of  tannin. 

Knot  (not)  [ME. ,  knotte,  a  knot].  An  interlacement  of 
ends  or  parts  of  one  or  more  cords  or  threads  so  that 
they  cannot  be  readily  separated.  K.,  Clove-hitch, 
a  knot  consisting  of  two  single,  contiguous  loops,  the 


Clove-hitch  Knot. 


the  primitive  streak.  K.,  Reef,  a  knot  so  formed  that 
the  end-  come  out  alongside  of  the  standing  parts  and 

the    knot  doe.-,    not   jam.       It    is    also    called    Square 
Knot.    K.,  Sailor's.    Same  as  JC.,Jieef    K.,  Square. 
Same  as    A'.,  Reef.      K.,  Staffordshire,  a  knot  u 
in  ligating    the    pedicle    in  ovariotomy.      The  ligature 
i.-  passed  through  the  pedicle,  and  withdrawn  so  as 
leave  a  loop,  which  is  passed  over  the  tumor,  and 
of  the  free  end-  is  then  drawn  through  the  loop;   both 
ends  are  then  passed   through   the   pedicle,  tightened, 
and  tied.      It  is  also  called   Taifs  Knot.      K.,  Stay,  a 
term    applied   by    ballance   and    Edmunds,  to  a  knot 
by  two  or  more  ligatures  in  the  following  way: 
i  m  each  ligature  separately  is  triad:    thi    first  hitch  of 
a  reel  knot,  whii  b  is  tightened  so  that  the  loop  lies  in 
contact  with  the  vessel,  without  constricting  it;   then 
taking  the  two  end-  on  one  -:  ther  in  one  hand, 

and  the  two  ends  on  the  other  side  in  the  other  hand, 
the  vessel  is  constricted  sufficiently  to  occlude  it,  after 
which  the  reef-knot  is  completed.  The  simplest 
method  of  completing  the  knot  is  to  treat  the  two  end- 
in  each  hand  as  a  .single  thread,  and  to  tie  them  as  if 


Combined  Surgeon's  and  Rkef  Knot. 


Staffordshire  Knot. 


Granny  Knot. 


Reef,  or  Sailor's  Knot. 


free  ends  toward  each  other.  It  is  used  for  making 
extension  in  the  reduction  of  dislocations.  K.,  Double. 
Same  as  K.,  Friction.  K.,  False.  Same  as  A'. 
Granny.  K.,  Friction,  one  in  which  the  ends  are 
wound  twice  around  each  other  before  they  are  tied. 
K.,  Gerdy's  Extension,  resembles  the  clove-hitch  ;  it 
is  employed  in  making  extension  of  the  leg  at  the  ankle. 
K.,  Granny,  a  tie  of  a  cord  in  which  in  the  second 
loop  the  end  of  one  cord  is  over,  and  the  other  under 
its  fellow,  so  that  the  two  loops  do  not  lie  in  the  same 
line.  This  knot  may  easily  be  converted  into  a  slip- 
knot. K. -grass  :  I.  Arrhenatherum  odoratum  ;  2. 
Avena  elatior  ;  3.  Hippuris  vulgaris ;  4.  Illecelrum  ; 
5.  Polygonum;  6.  Triticum  repens.  K.,  Hensen's,  a 
fixed  point  in  the  mammalian  blastodermic  vesicle  at 
which  the  formation  of  the  primitive  axis  and  notochor- 
dal  canal  begins.     It  marks  the   anterior  extremity  of 


Surgeon's  Knot. 

completing  a  single  reef-knot.  K.,  Surgical,  a  double 
knot  made  by  passing  the  thread  twice  through  the 
same  loop.  K.,  Tait's.  See  K.,  Staffordshire.  K.- 
weed,  Centaurea  nigra.  See  also  Collinsonia  cana- 
densis. 

Knuckle  (nnk'-l")  [ME.,  knokel,  a  knuckle  or  joint]. 
Any  one  of  the  joints  of  the  phalanges  with  the  meta- 
carpal bones  or  with  each  other;  also  a  loop  of  in- 
testine. 

Knuckling  {nuk/-ling)  [ME.,  knokel,  a  knuckle  or 
joint].  In  farriery,  a  partial  dislocation  of  the  fetlock- 
joint,  in  which  the  relative  position  of  the  pastern- 
bone  to  the  cannon  and  coronet  bone  is  changed,  the 
pastern  becoming  more  nearly  perpendicular,  with  the 
lower  end  of  the  cannon-bone  resting  behind  the 
center  line  of  the  suffraginis,  while  the  lower  end  of 
this  bone  rests  behind  the  center  line  of  the  coronet. 
It  is  also  called  Cocked  Ankles. 

Kobelt's  Tubes,      blind  tubes  of  the  parovarium. 

Koch's  Apparatus.  An  apparatus  for  air-analysis.  K., 
Bacillus  of.      See  Bacteria,   Synonymatic  Table   of. 


nix 


KOUMISS 


K 

K 

.111. 
.  ta- 
in, a 

Mll- 

not 

K 

in 

.    b)    K 

ent 

ilit-r 

arti- 

into  an 

in    questi 

Found  in    the 

K.'s 

K.'s  Steam  Apparatus, 

m.      K.'s  Treat- 

K 

I  in  the  perform- 

M1V. 

:      per- 
K.'s  Manometric 
n  a 
by   the  vibral 

the 

ia.ll   burner   from  the  air- 

I  he    form  of  the 

vel,    and 

K.'s    Rods  for 

K.  's 

:-Sadler's  Law. 
Fold 

commi 
from  the 
■ 

ubstitute 

iid  similar  to 

lulant  and   cardiac   tonic. 

']  the  fluid 

An    Abyssinian    dis- 


olumns.        K., 
K  .  Lamina    or    Mem- 

>loS* 

tupor]. 


I 


Kombc     .     .'  laA)  [African].   An  African  arrow-poison 

miic  inee)  extracted  from  Strophanthus  kombc. 

Kumeceras,  Komoceras  [ko-mes,-er-as,  ko-ntos/ -er-as) 

,  the  hair;  born].      In   biology,  applied 

.i  horn  .1-  that  of  the  American   prong-horn, 

matted  hair. 

Kommabacillus     ikom-ak-bas-il'-us).      See    Bacteria, 

Koniantron  on)      \jc.6viq,    dust;     avrpov, 

■um~\.     An   instrument  for  spraying  fluid  into  the 
tympanic  ca\  ity. 

Koosso,  or  Koosoo  {koo'  See  Brayera. 

Kopf-tetanus   (.  w-us)   [Ger.].    Cephalic   tel 

anus,  due  to  wound-  of  the  head,  chiefly  in  the  region 
the  fifth  nerve.      Initial  trismus  is  associated  with 
paralysis  of  the   face  on   the  side  of   the  injury.      In 
som  also  pharyngeal  spasm,  so  that  the 

name    Hydrophobic   Tetanus    lias  also  been  given 
to  thi>  form  of  tetanus. 

Kopiopia  (/.'  ah  |.      See  Copiopia. 

Kopp's  Asthma.     See  Asthma. 

Koprikin  [kop/ -rik-in)  \_K6irpog,  dung],  A  term  applied 
by  Hiinefeld  to  undij  inimal  matter  in  the  feces. 

Kore-  [kor'-e-).      See  Co) 

Koronion  (i-o-ro' -tie-on).     See  Craniometric  Points. 

Koroscopy  (ko-ros'-ko-pe).     See  Retinosco 

Kosin  (/;■.'  rin)  [Abyssinian,  cusso],  Cgjl  1  J  >10.  Same 
as  Koussin.     Sec  Brayera. 

Koso  (ko'-so).      Same  as  Brayera,  q.  v. 

Kossein  [kos'-e-in)  [Abyssinian,  cusso"].     A  crystalline 
dy  contained   in  koosso.     It  is  soluble  in  ether,  in 
alcohol,  and  in  acids.      It  is  slightly  styptic. 

Koubasoff,  Bacillus  of.  See  Bacteria,  Synonymatic 
Table  ■ 

Koumiss  [koor-mis]  [Tartar,  kumiz,  fermented  mare's 
milk].  An  alcoholic  drink  made  by  the  fermenta- 
tion of  milk.  As  made  by  the  fermentation  of 
mare's  milk,  it  has  long  been  a  favorite  beverage 
with  the  Tartars  and  other  Asiatic  tribes.  Cow's 
milk  has  been  used  chiefly  in  making  it,  both  in  1'urope 
and  America.  Mare's  milk  is  the  more  suitable  for 
fermentation  because  of  the  larger  percentage  of  milk- 
sugar  that  it  contains.  The  composition  of  the  kou- 
miss as  prepared  from  both  mare's  milk  and  cow's 
milk  is  shown  in  the  accompanying  analyses  from 
various  sources : — 

ANALYSIS  OF  KOUMISS. 


W \ IKR. 

a. 

- 

■- 
■~r. 

1 

_ 

a 
u 
< 

V 
h 

< 
►J 

vi 

Q 

5 
z 

i 

D 
- 
-1 
< 

2.03 

1  01 

2.56 

i 

1.27 
0.85 

1.26 
r.ig 

2.08 

j 
0 

= 
c 
0 
j 
< 

2.65 
1.84 
286 
0  76 

- 
0 

a 
z 

0 

CQ 

a 

< 
u 

0.88 
1.03 

0.83 

X 
t/> 

< 

Koumiss    from     mare's 
milk  (Fleischmann),  . 

91-53 

1.25 

[.01 

0.29 

Koumiss    fro  m    cow's 
milk  (Fleischmann  1,  . 

Koumiss   from    mare's 
milk  (Konig) 

92.47 

j  1 1 

0.79 

0.91 
1.04 
0.47 

/ 

Koumiss   from     mare's 
milk  (London,  i8S.)),  . 

Koumiss    from   cow's 
milk  (Wiley) 

- 

K.-cure,  a   method  of  treating  pulmonary  tuberculo- 

I  uantitii  >  of  koumiss  can  be  easily  digested, 

quently  attended  by  a  gain  in  weight. 


M  ii  SSIN 


647 


KUP1  1  ER'S   CELLS 


The   ]iatients  rise   early  and  take  a  glass    of  koun 

ery  half  hour,  except  during  the  two  hour-   preced 
ing  dinner  and  supper.      Meat  and  fats  form  the  chiei 
part  of  the  ordinary  food  ;    sweets,  fruit  and  salads 
are  avoided,  as  well  a-,  ices,  coffee,  and  spirits.     If  the 
koumiss  causes  diarrhea,  lime  water  is  used 
this.      At   first   a   lew   glasses  only  arc  taken  daily  to 
gradually  aci.u-t.iiii  th    patienl  t<>  tin-  cure. 

Koussin  {koos'-iri).     Sec  Brayera. 

Kousso  (koos'-o).     See  Brayera. 

Kowalevsky,  Canal  of.  nal. 

Krameria  (kra-me1 '-re-ak)  [alter  J.  <  I.  II.  Kramer,  an 
Austrian  physician].  A  genus  of  polypelatous  herbs. 
Rhatany,  tin-  root  of  A',  triandra  and  K.  tomen 
shrubs  native  to  South  America,  po 
astringent  qualities  as  tannic  acid.  It  is  a  popular 
remedy  for  fissure  of  the  anus,  spongy  gums,  etc. 
K.,  Ext.,  in  water.  Lose  gr.  v-.\.  K.,  Ext.,  Fid. 
Dose  It^v-gss.  K.,  Infus.  (1'..  P.)  Dose  ,^j-ij. 
K.,  Syr.,  contains  of  the  fluid  extract  45,  syrup  55. 
Lose  3SS-5SS.  K.,  Trochisci,  contain  each  gr.  j 
of  the  extract.    K.,  Tinct.,  20  per  cent.    Dose  ffkv-^j. 

Krameric  Acid  {kra-me' -«/£)  [after  J.  C  ll.  Kramer, an 
Austrian  physician].   An  acid  contained  in  Krameria. 

Krampton's  Muscle.  The  muscle  of  the  so-called 
ciliary  ligament  in  the  avian  1 

Krarkoff's  Method.  A  method  of  extracting  soluble 
animal  ferments  ;  it  consists  in  precipitating  these  and 
the  albuminoids  by  means  of  ammonium  sulphate ; 
subsequent  treatment  with  acids  renders  the  albumin- 
oids insoluble,  and  the  ferments  are  readily  extracted 
with  water. 

Kraurosis  {kraw-ro' 'sis)  [upavpog,  dry].  Shriveling  and 
dryness  of  a  part,  especially  of  the  vulva. 

Krause's  Corpuscles.  Terminal  nerve-corpuscles  de- 
scribed by  W.  Krause  (i860)  as  existing  in  the  con- 
junctiva, the  genitals,  and  other  parts  of  the  human 
body,  and  differing  from  the  Pacinian  corpuscles  only 


Krausf.'s  End-bulb. 

a.    Nucleated    capsule,     b.    Core.      c.    Fiber    entering    and 
branching,  terminating  in  core  at  d. 

in  the  absence  of  a  thick  laminated  investment.  K."s 
Embryo,  an  embryo  of  the  fourth  wee!.,  in  which 
there  is  an  absence  of  the  allantoic  stalk,  the  allan- 
tois  hanging  from  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  embryo. 
K.'s  End-bulbs,  terminal  bo. lies  of  sensory  nerves 
in  the  skin  and  membranes  of  all  mammals.  They 
are  elongated,  oval,  or  round  bodies,  0.075  to  0.14 
mm.  long.  K.,  Glands  of.  See  Gland.  K.'s 
Membrane,  a  structure  that  extends  from  the  sat 
lemma  through  the  fiber  of  a  muscle,  making  z  com 
plete  partition.  K.'s  Method,  a  method  of  inducing 
premature  labor.  It  consists  in  passing  a  flexible- 
bougie    into  the    uterine   cavity.      K.'s   Muscle,  the 


coraco-cervicahs  mus  ib/e  of     K.'s 

Nerve.     See    .\  Table   of     K.'s    Process,    a 

process  fori  •  ition  of  the  two  coloring-matters 

of  chlorophyl.      1.    Prep  solution    by  allowing 

li  bruised  leaves  to  be  acted  upon  for  a  few  hours 
in  tin:  dark  by  warm  05  per  cent,  alcohol  ;  decant.  2. 
Shake  one  volume  of  this  solution  with  two  volumes 
oi  benzol  ;  after  a  time  the  turbid  liquid  separates  into 
a  benzol  layer  above  having  a  blui-h-green  color,  and 
an  alcohol  layer  below  tii  low.     The  yellowish 

t  is  called  by  K  rau  mtkopkyl,  the  bluish- 
green,  kyanophyl.  According  to  Wiesner,  kvano- 
phyl  is  nearly  pure  chlorophyl  freed  from  its  asso- 
ciated  yellow  pigment  xanthophyl.  It  is  believed 
by  many  that  the  yellow  pigment  separated  by  this 
process  is  identical  with  that  found  in  plants  blanched 
(etiolated)  in  darkness,  and  which  has  been  called 
etiolin  1  .<  joodale). 

Kreatin  (kre'-al-in).     See  Creatin. 

Kreatinin  (kre-at'-in-in).     See  Creatinin. 

Kremnitz  White.     Same  as  White  Lead. 

Krems  White.     Same  as  M  ad. 

Kreolin  (kref -o-liti) .     See  Creolin. 

Kresol  (kre'-sol).     See   Cresol. 

Krinosin  (krin'-o-siri).     See   Crinosin. 

Krishaber's  Disease.     See  Diseases,  Table  of. 

Kristeller's  Method.  A  method  of  hastening  tedious 
labor  by  fetal  expression  by  means  of  rhythmic  pres- 
sure on  the  fundus  uteri.  Pressure  is  made  on  the 
fetus  while  the  entire  child  is  still  in  the  genital  canal. 

Krohn's  Glands.  A  pair  of  glands  in  the  cephalo- 
thorax  of  certain  of  the  Aracknoidea  {Pkalangida, 
L  j  ph  op  lit  ha  la  m  h  1 

Kronecker's  Center.  The  inhibitory  center  of  the 
heart.      It  may  be  injured  in  cardiocentesis. 

Krbnlein's  Hernia.  See  Hernia,  Inguino-properito- 
neal,  and  T>;  .    Table  of. 

Krull's  Treatment.     See  Treatment,  Methods  of. 

Krypto-  (krip'-to-).      See  Crypto-. 

Kiihne's  Method.  A  method  of  staining  bacilli,  and 
K.'s  Modification  of  Gram's  Method.  See  Stains, 
Table  of.  K.'s  Carbol.  Methylene-blue,  methyl - 
ene-blue  1.5,  absolute  alcohol  10.  Rub  up  and  gradu- 
ally add  100  parts  of  a  five  percent,  solution  of  carbolic 
acid.  K.'s  Motorial  End-plates,  a  peculiar  form 
of  nerve-ending.  The  same  as  the  Hillocks  of 
Doyere.  K.'s  Pancreas-powder,  an  extract  pre- 
pared by  the  prolonged  extraction  of  fresh  pancreas  of 
ox  with  alcohol  and  then  with  ether. 

Kuhnt,  Cylinder-cone  of.     See  Cylinder. 

Kujawah  (ku'-jah-waw)  [E.  Ind.].  An  apparatus  used 
in  India,  by  means  of  which  wounded  persons  may  be 
carried  on  camels. 

Kumbecephalic  (kum-be-sef-al'-ik)  or  Kumbokephalic 
(kum-bo-kef-aV-ik).     See   Cymbocephalic. 

Kumiss  (koo' '-wis)  or  Kumyss  (koof-mis).  See  Kou- 
miss. 

Kiimmel  (kind-el)  [Ger.,  " cumin."  A  liqueur,  or 
cordial,  originating  in  Germany  and  Russia,  and  flav- 
ored with  fennel,  caraway,  cumin,  or  coriander. 

Kummerfeld's  Lotion.  A  cosmetic  used  in  dermat- 
ology. It  consists  of  spirit  of  camphor  and  spirit 
of  lavender,  each  y2  dram  ;  precipitated  sulphur  15 
grains  ;  cologne-water  one  dram,  distilled  water  2 
oun. 

Kumysgen  (koo-mis'-jen)  [Tartar,  kumiz,  fermented 
mare's  milk  ;  yewdv,  to  beget].  A  preparation  used 
for  the  production  of  koumiss. 

Kupffer's  Cells.  Liver  cells  which,  according  to  Asp 
and  Kupller,  present  exceedingly  minute  intracellular 
passages  that  pass  from  the  bile  capillaries  into  the 
interior  of  the   cells,    where   they   communicate    with 


I  Ml 


Method. 


Coma 


in  the 


A  kind  of 


KYTOPLASM 

Kyphoscoliotic  [ki-fo-sko-Ie-ot* -ik)  [/eii^txnr,  hump- 
back; c  .  oblique].  Characterized  by  or  per- 
taining to  kj phoso iliosis. 

Kyphosis   (  !  " ''.   hump-back].      Hump 

back.      Angular   curvature    of  the    spine,    with   the 
prominence   "i   convexity   turned  dorsad.     K.  bicy- 
clistarum,  a  curvature  of  the  spine,  due    to  error  in 
ture  in  bicycle-riding. 

Kyphotic  iki-fot' '-ik)  [kv0u<t<c,  hump-back].  Relating 
to,  of  the  nature  of,  or  with,  kyphosis. 

Kysthoproptosis  {kis-tho-prop-to' ■     |    \id)a6og,   a  hol- 
low;   irpdrrruoig,  a  falling  forward],     l'rolapse  of  the 
ma. 

Kysto-  [kis'-to-).      See  (  i 

Ky stoma  [kis-tof-tnah).     See  Cystoma. 


K- 


lograph 


tor]. 

.  thus 

with 

li   :  Ltion    with 

. 

av,  a 
bJorophyl.  Same 

cov- 
iing  urine,  at 

twisted ; 

-  ime  as  Club- 

.    Kvmographion  {ki-mo- 

>  write].     An  in- 

the  variations  in 


Ns£ 


.oscopc  ,  to  in- 

tion  and  study 

.  urine], 

■  e  obtained  from 

by  oxidizing 

1   with   chromic  acid. 

■  ■    ning  jl  I 

ine].     Kypho- 


i    .    hump- 
Kyphi  ihined 


Kymograph.    (Ludwig.) 
a,  a.  Artery.     C.  Revolving-cylinder,     c.  Height  of  mercury 
in   tube;   the  difference  between  this  point  and  d  indicates 
the  pressure   within  the   vessel,     d,  s.  Float  on   mercury  in 
tube.     f.  Writing-style. 

Kytharrhagia  [kith-ar-af-je-aJi).    See  Cytharrhagia. 
Kythemolytic    {ki-them-o-lif '-i&)     [kvtoq,   cell ;    ai/ia, 

blood;  Mots,  solution].      Pertaining  to,  characterized 

by,  or  causing,  the  destruction  of  blood-cells. 
Kytomitom  [ki-tomf -it-om)  [ki'toc,  cell;  fi'crog,  thread]. 

The  network  in  the  body  of  the  nucleus  of  the  cell. 
Kytoplasm  [ki' -to-plazm)  [/curoc,  cell ;  Trlaofia,  plasm]. 

The  protoplasm  of  the  cell. 


649 


LABOR 


L 


L.     The  abbreviation  of  Left,  of  Lumbar,  of  Lithium, 

and  of  Libra,   a  pound. 

X  denotes  wave  length.      I'm-   instance  /  506,  meai 
wave-length  equal  to  500  millionths  of  a   millimeter. 
Sometimes  the  letters  W.  I.,  an-  used  instead  of  A. 

Lb.     Contraction  of  liber  =  pound. 

Lab,  or  Lab-ferment.  The  ferment  of  rennet  pro- 
ducing coagulation  of  milk,  [t  is  separated  from  the 
proenzyme,  labzymogen,  bj  means  of  the  acids  of  the 
gastric  juice  ,  ami  especially  by  IIC1.  Labzymogen 
resists  the  action  of  alkalies,  which,  even  in  very 
small  amounts,  destroys  the  lab.  A  temperature  of  350 
to  400  C.  is  most  favorable  to  the  action  of  lab.  At 
700  C.  the  lab  is  destroyed,  but  not  the   labzymogen. 

Labarraque's  Liquor.  See  Liquor.  L.'s  Solution. 
See  Chlorin. 

Labbe,  Vein  of.     See   Vein. 

Labdacism  (lab,-das-izm).     Same  as  Lambdacism. 

Labdanum  [lab' -dan-urn).     See  Ladanum. 

Labellum  (la-belf-um)  [dim.  of  labium,  a  lip:  pi. , 
Labella\.  In  biology  :  (a)  One  of  the  petals  of  an 
orchid,  which,  properly  the  upper  one,  is  made  the 
lowerby  a  semi-twist  of  the  ovary.  It  is  larger  than  the 
other  petals  and  offers  a  landing-place  for  insects  ;  it 
is  carried  backward  in  the  form  of  a  spur,  and  then 
assumes  the  functions  of  a  nectary  and  so  attracts 
visitors  (Cheshire) ;  {b)  One  of  the  mouth-parts  of  an 
insect. 

Labes  (la'-bez)  [L.].  An  old  name  for  the  plague  ; 
also,  for  any  depravation  or  lowering  of  the  standard 
of  health. 

Labial  (la'-be-al)  [labium,  a  lip].  Pertaining  to  the 
lips.  L.  Bone.  See  Intermaxillary.  L.  Frenum, 
frenum  of  the  lips. 

Labialism  [la' ' -be-al-izm)  [labium,  a  lip].  The  ten- 
dency to  pronounce  any  articulate  sounds  as  if  they 
were  labials ;  the  addition  of  a  labial  or  labio-dental 
quality  to  an  articulate  sound. 

Labials  (la'-be-alz)  [labium,  a  lip].  The  consonant- 
sounds  ;  they  are  formed  mainly  by  the  lips.  See 
Consonants. 

Labiate  (la'-be-dt)  [labium,  a  lip].  In  biology, 
lipped.  Shaped  like,  or  functioning  as,  a  lip.  L. 
Plants,  the  Labiatce,  or  mintworts ;  an  order  of 
square-stemmed  plants,  mostly  herbs,  with  aromatic 
properties,  many  of  the  species  being  highly  charged 
with  volatile  oils. 

Labiatiform  (la-be-af  -if-orni).     See  Labiate. 

Labidometer  (lab-id-om' '-et-er)  [fatfiig,  forceps;  fierpov, 
a  measure].  A  forceps  used  in  measuring  the  dimen- 
sions of  the  head  of  a  fetus  in  the  pelvis. 

Labidophorous  (lab-id-off'-or-us)  [lafiiq,  forceps ; 
qopoq,  bearing].  Applied  to  insects  having  organs 
resembling  pinchers. 

Labidoprion  (lab-id-o' '-pre-on)  [laAir,  forceps  ;  -pitov, 
saw].     A  forceps-saw. 

Labiella  (la-be-el'-ah)  [labium,  a  lip].  In  biology,  a 
minute,  rounded,  median  portion  of  the  deutomala  in 
myriapods ;  it  corresponds  in  a  degree  to  the  lingua 
of  hexapods  (Packard). 

Labile  (lab'-il)  [labilis  ;  lain,  to  glide].  I.  In  electro- 
therapeutics a  labile  application  is  the  passing  of  the 
electrode — usually  the  negative — along  and  touching 
the  skin  over  the  track  of  a  nerve.     2.    Deciduou>. 

Labimeter  {Jab -imf -et-er).     Same  as  Labidometer. 

Labio-alveolar  [la' ' -be-o-al-ve' '-o-lar  )  [labium,  lip  ; 
alveolus,  a  small  hollow].  Pertaining  to  the  lip  and 
to  one  or  more  dental  alveoli. 


Labio-chorea  (la'  b  •  o-l-o-re'-ali  )  [labium,  lip;  x" 
dancing],     A   choreic   affection  of  the   lips,    and  the 
stammering  that  results  from  it. 

Labio-choreic  r-ik)  [labium,  lip  ;  ,\>. 

dancing].      Relating  to  lip-stammering. 

Labio-dental   (la  n'-tal)   [labium,  lip;  dens,  a 

tooth].     Pertaining  to  the  lips  and  the  teeth. 

Labio-glosso-laryngeal  (la' '-be-o-glos' '-o-lar-in' '-je-al) 
[labium,  lip;   -// luaaa ,  tongue;  /  rynx].    Per- 

taining    conjointly   to    lips,   tongue,   and    larynx.      L. 
Paralysis.     See  Bulbar  Paralysis. 

Labio-glosso-pharyngeal  (la' '-be-o-glos' '-o-far-in' '-je- 
al)  [labium,  lip  ;  y'AZtaaa,  tongue;  tpapvyij,  pharynx]. 
Pertaining  conjointly  to  lips,  tongue,  and  pharynx. 

Labiomancy  (la' ' -be-o-man-se)  [labium,  lip  ;  fiavreia, 
divination].  The  power  of  understanding  what  is 
said  by  observing  th  ms  of  the  lips  in  speech. 

Labio-mental  (la' -be-o-men* -tal)  [labium,  lip;  men- 
turn,  chin].      Relating  to  lip  and  chin. 

Labio-nasal  (la/-be-o-na/-sal)  [labium,  lip;  nasus, 
nose].      Labial  and  nasal  ;  pertaining  to  lip  and  n<  1 

Labio-palatine  (laf -be-o-pal' -at-in)  [labium,  lip  ;  pala- 
tum, palate].      Relating  to  lip  and   palate  in  common. 

Labioplastic  [la-be-o-plas' '-tik)   [labium,  lip  ;   rrAdcro 
to  form].      Pertaining  to  an  operation  for  restoring  the 
lip,    after    injury  or  partial   destruction  of  the  same ; 
chiloplastic. 

Labiose  (la'-be-os)  [labium,  lip].  In  biology,  resem- 
bling a  true  labiate  flower. 

Labiotenaculum  (la-be-o-ten-ak' '-u-lum)  [labium,  lip; 
tenaculum,  a  holder].  An  instrument  for  holding  the 
lips  in  a  position  required  for  examination  or  opera- 
tion. 

Labipalp  (la'-be-palp)[labium,  a  lip  ;  palpare,  to  stroke, 
to  feel].      In  biology,  a  labial  palp  or  feeler. 

Labitome  (lab'-it-om)  [?,aj3ig,  forceps;  row//,  cutting]. 
Cutting-forceps. 

Labium  (la'-br-um)  [L.  :  //. ,  Labia~\.  A  lip.  Also, 
any  structure  consisting  of  a  strip  or  flap  of  elastic  tis- 
sue that  closes  upon  an  orifice.  In  biology,  applied 
to  various  lip-like  structures  in  animals  and  plants, 
usually  the  lower  when  two  are  present,  the  upper 
being  called  the  labium.  L.  austriacum,  Austrian 
lip  ;  the  thick,  pendent  upper  lip  of  the  Austrian  reign- 
ing family.  L.  cerebri,  the  margins  of  the  cerebral 
hemispheres  that  overlap  the  corpus  callosum.  L. 
duplex,  a  congenital  longitudinal  duplication  of 
the  mucosa  of  the  upper,  and  rarely  of  the  lower 
lip.  L.  externus  pudendi.  See  L.  majus.  L. 
internus  pudendi.  See  L.  minus.  L.  leopoldi- 
num,  a  thick,  pendent  lower  lip;  named  after  Em- 
peror Leopold.  L.  leporinum.  See  Hare-lip.  L. 
majus,  or  L.  pudendi  majus,  one  of  two  folds  of 
skin  of  the  female  external  genital  organs,  arising 
just  below  the  mons  veneris,  surrounding  the  vulval 
entrance,  and  meeting  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  perin- 
eum. L.  minus,  L.  pudendi  minus,  or  nympha, 
one  of  two  folds  of  mucous  membrane  at  the  inner 
surfaces  of  the  labia  majora.  L.  tympanicum,  the 
portion  of  the  lamina  spiralis  forming  the  lower  border 
of  the  sulcus  spiralis.  L.  urethrae,  the  lateral  margins 
of  the  external  urinary  meatus.  L.  vestibulare,  the 
overhanging  extremity  of  the  lamina  spiralis  that  forms 
the  upper  part  of  the  sulcus  spiralis. 

Labor  (la'-bor)  [!.]•  Work.  Parturition;  bringing 
forth  young.  That  natural  process  by  which  a  preg- 
nant woman  expels  the  product  of  conception  at 
the  expiration  of  the  period  of  pregnancy,  normally. 


L  .  Abnormal  rting 

the 

tficult. 

are 
False 
1.     lndu<  ■  I 

in.-tru- 
I      Metastatic, 

auk 
-  ■ 

L., 
Physiologic 

inism.     L., 

L  .  Pathologic, 

eak- 

-  "i 
i...   Postponed,  fond 

•'rematur-  the 

tus  i^  vial 

i£CS    of.  nod    "' 

Llld 

ild  ;    the 

the  pla- 

;...  NV  in  by  which 

;li  canal  and 

L  -j  f,  or  the  contrac- 

L.,  Perverse,  labor 

I    the  child. 

i  of  the 

••  ith  undue  celer- 

1 .       Protracts  nd    the 

.    .--I'  hours  in 
L.,   Spontaneous,  lal  mplished 

Lai  mm,  from  labor- 

d  for  experi- 

Method.  nis  of.     L.'s 

r    Tea  turn 

lipped]. 

sually  the 
the 


•mni].       Also 
abur- 


alka- 

1 

r  com- 

I-.,  Cortical, 


LACCIN 

substance  of  the  kidney.  See  Kidney.  L.,  Mem- 
branous, the  membranous  cavity  within  the  osseous 
labyrinth,  from  which  it  is  partly  separated  by  the 
ivmph.  It  comprises  two  sacs  contained  within 
the  vestibule,  the  semicircular  canals  and  the  canal  of 


Labyrinth  of   im-.  Ear  Laid  Open. 

a.  Fovea  elliptica.    6    Fovea  hemispherica.    c.  Common  en- 
trance  of  the  posterior  ami   superior  semicircular  canals. 
d.  Opening  of  the  aqueduct  of  the  vestibule,     e.  Superior 
icircular  canal,    f.  Posterior,     g.  Inferior  semicircular 
//.  Spiral  canal  of  cochlea,     i.  Opening  of  the  aque- 
duct of  the  cochlea,    j.  Lamina  spiralis. 

the  cochlea.     L.  of  the  Kidney.    See  Labyrinth,' 
tical.     L.,  Osseous,  the  bony  capsule  of  the  internal 
ear,  communicating  in  front  with  the  cochlea  and  be- 
hind with  the  semicircular  canals.     L.  Pit.    See  Ear. 
Labyrinthal  (lab-ir-in* -thai},  Labyrinthic  (lab-ir-in'- 

thik).     See  Labyrinthine. 
Labyrinthine    (lab-ir-in' -thin)    [laji'vptvdoc,  a    maze]. 
Pertaining  to  a  labyrinth.   L.  Vertigo.    See  Mbti&re's 
Disease. 
Labyrinthus  [lab-ir-in' -thus)  [L. :  pl.,Labyrintht\.    A 

labyrinth. 
Lac  (lak)  [Pers.,  lak,  lac].  A  resinous  incrustation 
produced  on  the  bark  of  the  twigs  and  branches  of 
various  tropical  trees  (Urostigma  religiosa,  Mimosa 
cinerea,  Butea  frondosa,  Schleichera  irijuga,  of 
<  Vvlon,  India,  and  Burniah,  Croton  lacciferum,  of 
Ceylon,  Croton  draco,  Acacia  greggii,  Larrea  mexi- 
cana,  of  Mexico),  by  the  puncture  of  the  female  lac- 
insect  Carteria  (Coccus)  lacca.  This  crude  exudation 
constitutes  the  stick-lac  of  commerce.  Shellac  is  pre- 
pared by  spreading  the  resin  into  thin  plates  after 
being  melted  and  strained.  In  the  preparation  of  the 
shellac,  the  resin  is  freed  from  the  coloring-matter, 
which  is  formed  into  cakes,  and  is  known  as  lac- 
dye.  See  Pigments ,  Conspectus  of  .  Button-lac  differs 
from  shellac  only  in  form,  appearing  in  cakes  about 
three  inches  in  diameter  and  one  sixth  of  an  inch  thick. 
Bleached  lac  is  prepared  by  dissolving  lac  in  a 
boiling  lye  of  pearlash  or  potassic  hydrate,  filter- 
ing and  passing  chlorin  through  the  solution  until 
all  the  lac  is  precipitated.  Seed-lac  is  the  residue  ob- 
tained after  dissolving  out  most  of  the  coloring-matter 
contained  in  the  resin.  The  common  shellac  is  used 
in  varnishes,  lacquers,  and  sealing-wax  ;  the  bleached 
lac  in  pale  varnishes  and  light-colored  sealing-wax. 
L.-beet,  a  fruit  used  in  Siam  for  diarrhea  and 
pepsia.  L.,  Stick,  lac  as  taken  from  the  twigs 
which  it  is  formed.  L.  sulphuris,  milk  of  sul- 
phur ;  sulphur  prsecipitatum  (U.  S.  P.)  L.,  White. 
Sec  /.',' ,/,  hed  lac. 

Lacca    (lak'-ah).     See  Lac. 

Laccate  [Pers.,    lak,    lac,    or    sealing-wax]. 

In  biology,  appearing  as  if  varnished  or  lacquered. 

Laccin  (lak' -in  \  [Pers.,  lak,  lac].  A  substance  resem- 
bling wax,  extracted  from  lac.  It  is  insoluble  in  water, 
soluble  in  alcohol,  in  ether,  in  hydrochloric  acid,  and 
in  potassic  hydr: 


LACERATi: 


651 


LACI  AMID 


An    in- 
forma, 

like]. 


Lacerate  [las'-er-dt)   [Xanepdg,  torn].     In  biology,  with 
a  margin   appearing   as  if  torn.      L.  Foramen. 
Foramina,  Table  of. 

Laceration  [las-er-a1 'shun)  [laceratio ;  lacerare,  t<> 
tear].  Meclianical  rupture  by  a  tearing  action, 
whether  accidental  or  surgical.  Sec  Dilaceration.  L. 
of  the  Infratrochlear  Nerve.  See  Badal's  Opera- 
(ion  in  Operations,  Tableof.  L.  of  Perineum,  a  tear- 
ing through  the  wall  separating  the  lower  extremity  of 
the  vagina  and  rectum,  which  occurs  occasionally  to 
women  in  childbirth. 

Lacerator    [las' '-er-a-tor)   [lacerare,   to  tear], 
strument  used  in  effecting  surgical  laceration. 

Lacertiform   [las-er' -tif-orm)   \_lacerta,   lizard  ; 
form].      1  i/anl  shaped. 

Lacertoid   [las-err -toid)  [laeer/a ,   lizard  ;     ddar, 
Resembling  a  lizard. 

Lachesis    [lak'-e-sis)    ['/ •  destiny,   fate].      i.    A 

genus  of  venomous  South  American  reptiles.  2.  The 
venom  of  /..  mut us  (the  bushmaster  snake),  and 
also  a  homeopathic  preparation  of  the  poison. 

Lachnanthes  [lak-nan' '-thiz)  [/air//,  soft,  woolly 
hair;  avdog,  a  flower].  A  genus  of  North  American 
bloodworts.  L.  tinctoria,  red-root,  is  a  plant  popu- 
lar in  parts  of  the  United  States  as  an  expectorant 
and  alterative  in  pulmonary  tuberculosis.  Dose  of  a 
10  per  cent,  tincture,  rrpx.     Unof. 

Lachrymal  [lak'-rim-al).     See  Lacrymal. 

Lacinia  [las-in' -e-ah)  [L.,  a  lappet,  flap,  as  of  a  gar- 
ment: />/.,  Lacinice].  In  biology,  one  of  the  fimbriae 
at  the  ovarian  extremity  of  the  oviduct  ;  a  narrow  lobe, 
as  in  an  incised  leaf;  or,  specifically,  the  slender  apex 
ol  the  maxilla  of  a  beetle.     Cf.  Galea. 

Laciniate  {las-in'  -cat)  [lacinia,  a  flap].  In  biology, 
fringed  ;   cut  into  narrow  flaps. 

Laciniform  {las-in' -if-or»i)  [lacinia,  a  flap ;  forma, 
form].     In  biology,  fringe-like. 

Laciniola  [las-in-i' -o-lah)  [dim.  of  Lacinia:  pi.,  La- 
cinioles].      In  biology,  a  small  lacinia. 

Lacinula  (las-in'  -11-lali)    [dim.  of  Lacinia,  a  flap: 
LacinuUe].     In  biology,  a  small  lacinia. 

Lacmoid  (lak' -moid).     Same  as  Resorcin-blue. 

Lacmus  (lak'-mus).      See  Litmus. 

Lacquer    (lak'-er)     [Pg.,    lacre,    sealing-wax]. 

opaque  varnish  containing  lac.  L.,  Burmese,  a 
natural  varnish  consisting  of  a  thick,  grayish  tcrebin- 
thinous  liquid,  collected  from  the  Melanorrkcea  itsita- 
tissitna  of  Burmah.  It  dissolves  in  alcohol,  turpen- 
tine-oil, and  benzene,  assuming  greater  fluidity. 
Locally,  it  is  used  in  lacquering  furniture,  temples, 
idols,  and  varnishing  vessels. 

Lacrima  (Jak'  -rim-ah).      See  Lacryma. 

Lacrimal  (lak'-rim-al).     See  Lacrymal. 

Lacryma  (Jak' '-rim-ah)  [I,.:  pi.,  Lacryma-'].     A  tear. 

Lacrymal  [lak'-rim-al)  [lacryma,  a  tear].  Having  ref- 
erence to  the  organs  of  the  secretion,  transfer,  or  ex- 
cretion of  tears.  L.  Apparatus,  the  lacrymal  gland, 
ducts,  canal,  sac,  and  nasal  duct.  See  Lye.  L. 
Artery,  the  first  branch  of  the  ophthalmic  artery,  sup- 
plying the  gland.  See  Arteries,  Tableof.  L.  Bone, 
a  bone  upon  the  nasal  side  of  the  orbit,  articulating 
with  the  frontal,  the  ethmoid,  and  superior  maxillarj 
bones,  in  which  begin  the  lacrymal  groove  and  nasal 
duct.  See  Bones.  Table  of.  L.  Canals,  or  Canal- 
iculi,  superior  and  inferior,  extend  from  the  lacrymal 
puncta  to  the  sac,  and  serve  to  convey  the  excess 
of  tears  from  the  eye  to  the  nose.  See  Canal.  L. 
Caruncula.  See  Caruncle.  L.  Crest.  See  Crest. 
L.  Ducts,  seven  to  fourteen  in  number,  extending 
obliquely  from  the  gland  to  the  fornix  conjunctive, 
carrying  the  tears  to  the  conjunctival  surface  of  the 
globe.     See  Duct.     L.  Gland,  the  gland  secreting  the 


pi., 


An 


tears,  situated  in  a  depression  of  the  frontal  bone,  the 
/..  fossa,  at  the  upper  and  outer  angle  of  the  orbit. 
Gland.  L.  Lake,  the  inward  prolongation  of  the 
palpebral  fissure  of  the  eyelids.  L.  Papilla.  See 
Papilla.  L.  Probe,  a  probe  for  exploring  or  dilating 
the  canaliculi  and  nasal  duct.  L.  Puncta,  the  minute 
oiihces  of  the  canaliculi,  upon  the   eyelids  near  the 


I 


Relations  of  the  Eve  and  the  Lacrymal  Excretory 

Apparatus, 
i,  1.  Canaliculi.    2,2.  Puncta  lacrymalia.    3,3.  Inner  extremity, 
of  tarsal  cartilage.    4,  4.  Free  borders  of  lids.     5.  Lacrymal 
sac.    6.  Attachment  to  maxillary  bone  of  superior  tendon. 
7.  Bifurcation  of  lacrymal  sac.     8,  8    Two  branches. 

inner  canthus.  L.  Sac,  a  sacciform  enlargement  of 
the  upper  part  of  the  nasal  duct,  into  which  the  cana- 
liculi empty.  L.  Style,  a  probe  used  in  stricture 
of  the  nasal  duct.      L.  Tubercle.     See  Tubercle. 

Lacrymation  (lak-rim-a'-skun)  [lacryma,  a  tear].  An 
excessive  secretion,  or  an  overflow,  of  tears,  from  any 
cause. 

Lacrymatome  [lak-rim' '-at-dm)  [lacryma,  tear;  ro/ni/, 
cutting].  A  cutting  instrument  used  in  dilating  the 
nasal  duct  or  the  canaliculi ;   a  syringotome. 

Lacrymiform  [lak-rim' '-if-orm)  [lacryma,  a  tear; 
forma,  form].      In  biology,  tear-shaped  ;  guttiform. 

Lacrymin  [lak' -rim-in).     See  Dacryolin. 

Lacrymotomy  [lak-rim-of '-o-me)  [lacryma.  tear;  to/it/, 
cutting].  The  division  of  strictures  of  the  lacrymal 
passages. 

Lactagogue  [lak' '-tag-og).     See  Galactagogue. 

Lactalbumin  [lakt-al' '-bu-min)  [lac,  milk  ;  albumin']. 
A  proteid  contained  in  milk  in  small  quantities — ]/2  of 
I  per  cent.  It  resembles  serum-albumin  very  closely, 
differing  in  specific  rotatory  power,  in  its  coaguability 
by  heat,  and  in  its  precipitation  of  neutral  salts. 

Lactamic  Acid  (lak-tam'-ilc).      See  Alanin. 

Lactamid  (lak'-tam-id )  [lac,  milk;  amid],  C,H_- 
NO,.  A  substance  formed  by  the  union  of  lactid  and 
ammonia.  It  forms  crystals  readily  soluble  in  water 
and  in  alcohol,  and  melts  at  740  C. 


1    V    i  AM  IN 


LAC  It  >SE 


amin 
Lac: 

I 

Lact 

: 


-     kling. 
lej.     A 


■  of 


Its 

:  l 

■  suckle], 
kles. 

milk. 
intestine 

.  to  turn  to  milk]. 

to  turn  to  milk]. 
luid. 
Pertaining  to  milk  or  its 
L.  Acid. 
Ether,  (<  ,M  ■  -.  .11  ■  A 

listillation  of 

ute  alcohol,   and 

in   water,   in    alcohol, 

L.  Fermentation. 


La< 


An  old    name  for 
A  volatile  sub- 


Lactiferou 
Ducts, 


Lac- 

Lac 
aw 

Lact 

Lac- 


.  milk]. 

.  milk],  <  ,11.'  >, 

the  an!.  lactic   acid  produced 

It  crystallizes  from 

it  124. 50    C. ,  and 

-lowly  in  water,   with 

f  lactic  a 

to  carry]. 

onvey   milk.     L. 

the     mammary    gland.        L. 

L.  Swelling,  a  dis- 

ii  obstruction  of   a 


milk ;   facere,   to   make]. 

.  milk;  Jlos,  flower]. 
\ 

,    milk  ;    forma,   form]. 


.    milk;    fugare,  to  drive 
lessening   in 

,  to  pro- 

"//>/],  C8H5NO. 
nin  in  a  <  urrent 
1 

e  readily 

if  milk  ;  lactose, 
ling 


.to 

milk  ;     / 


I      Pertainin  j 
:ndantia  ,.,,    ,,,    Im]k 

if  milk. 

ick: 


vorare,  to  de- 


n 
u 

... 

a 

±~. 
a. 
in 

JJL 
Si 
ii 
'St 
US. 
Hi 


n 


A 

A 

s. 

a. 

a 


ta 


Lactivorous  ijak-tiv* '-or-us)   [lac,  milk 

vuur].     Subsisting  on  milk. 
Lacto-  (lak'-lo-)  [lac,  milk].     A   Latin  prefix  denoting 

nection  with  or  relation  to  milk.  L. -pepsin.  .1 
preparation  of  pepsin.  According  to  fleger,  its  cona- 
tion is:  Pure  pepsin  10  parts,  pancreatin  7.6 
parts,  sugar  of  milk  50  parts,  extract  of  malt  5  pan-, 
lactic  acid  2.6  parts,  hydrochloric  at  id  (25  per  cent.  ) 
10  j  in  20  parts.     To  this  is  added  enough 

powdered  tragacanth  to  make  a  pill-mass.     The  adult 
about    15   grains.     L.-peptine,  a  proprietary 
mixture  claimed   to  contain  pepsin,  diastase,  andpan- 
lulated  with  lactic  and  hydrochloric  acids. 
1  »ne  dram  should  peptonize  5  viij  of  albumin,  casein 
or  fibrin,  or  emulsionize  3  xvj  of  cod-liver  oil.   Dose, 
gr.    v-xv.     See  Pepsin.      Unof.      L. -peptone,  same 
as  /..  -peptine.  L. -phosphate,  any  phosphate  combined 
with  lactic  acid.      L.-proteid,  any  proteid  of  milk,  as 
caseinogen  or  lactalbumin.      L. -protein,  a  derivative 
of  milk. 
Lactobiose     (lak-to' '-be-os).       See 

Galactose. 
Lactobutyrometer    [lak-to-bu-tir- 
om'-et-er)    [lac,  milk;   (3ovTvp(rv, 
butter;    uirpov,    measure].      An 
instrument  used  in  estimating  the 
proportion  of  butter  in  milk. 
Lactocele  {lak' '-to-sil)  [lac,  milk  ; 
kij'/ii,  tumor].     A  cyst  containing 
a  milky  fluid.     Same  as  Galac- 
tocele. 
Lactocrit  {lak' -to-krit)  [lac,  milk  ; 
K/ii-i/c,  a  judge].      An  apparatus 
for  testing   the   quantity  of  fatty 
substance  in  a  sample  of  milk. 
Lactodensimeter(/<?/(>-/<?-</(y/-.<r/w/- 
et-er)  \Jac,  milk  ;  densus,  dense  ; 
H'erpov,  measure].      A  variety   of 
lactometer. 
Lacto-globulin(/(7/(--/0-£-/03/-//-////) 
\_lac,  milk  ;  globus,  a  ball].     <  »ne 
of   the   native    proteids  of  milk  ; 
lactalbumin. 
\~.*c\o%\\\zosfz{lak-to-glu'-kds)\_lac, 
milk;  ;./(.'/, {<<;,  sweet].    A  saccha- 
rine substance,    produced   in  the 
fermentation-fluid  along  with  ga- 
lactose.    It  is  probably  the  same 
as  glucose. 
Lactokrit  {lak' -to-krit).     See  Lac- 
tocrit. 
Lactolin  (lak'-to-lin)    [lac,   milk; 

oleum,  oil].      Condensed  milk. 
Lactometer   (lak-tom'-et-er).     An 
instrument    for   determining    the 
specific  gravity  of  milk. 
Lactone     (lak'-ton)    [lac,    milk], 
(  ,,,11.",.    An  aromatic,  colorless, 
inflammable    fluid,   derived    from 
the  dry  distillation  of  lactic  acid. 
The  lactones  are  gem  rally  liquids, 
readily  soluble  in  water,  of  neutral 
reaction,  possessing  a  faintly  aro- 
matic odor,  anil   can  be  distilled 
without  decomposition. 
Lactonic  Acid  ( lac-ton' -ik).     See 

.  1,  id. 
Lactoscope   {la  >)    [lac,  milk;    nKmuv,  to  ex- 

amine].   An  instrument  for  estimating  the  proportions 
of  water  and  fat-globules  of  milk. 
Lactose  '  ,  milk],  c,..l  1..-.0,,  -f  H20.    Milk- 

sugar:    it   occurs    in    the    milk    of  mammals,    in    the 


Lactometer. 
Stem  on  the  right  grad- 
uated as  used  in  Bos- 
ton. Stem  on  the  left 
shows  graduation 
a d opted  i n  New 
York.  Central  stem 
graduated  to  show 
pen  intage  of  solids. 


LACTOSERUM 


653 


1    ESIS 


amniotic  liquor  of  cows,  and  in  certain  pathologic 
secretions.  It  crystallizes  in  white,  hard,  rhombic 
prisms,  containing  one  molecule  of  water.  It  is  soluble 
in  water,  has  a  faint  sweet  taste,  and  is  insolubli 
alcohol.  Its  aqueous  solution  is  dextro-rotatory.  It 
melts  at  2050  C.  It  is  much  used  in  pharmacy  for 
making  trituration-,  and  ;-  the  vehicle  of  most  homeo- 
pathic preparations.      See  Carbohydrates,  Table  of. 

Lactoserum  (lak-to -se'-rttm)  [lac, milk  ;  sennit,  whey]. 
The  serum  or  whey  of  milk. 

Lactosuria  (lak-to-su'-re-ak)  [lac,  milk  ;  ovpov,  urine]. 
The  presence  of  lactose  in  the  urine  ;  a  condition  oc- 
casionally seen  in  pregnant  y. 

Lactotoxin  (lak-to-toks'  -in)  [lac,  milk  ;  to^ik6v,  poison]. 
A  poisonous  substance  found  in  milk. 

Lactous  (lak'-tus)  [lactosus,  milky].      Milky. 

Lactuca  (lak-tu* '-kah)  [L. ,  "  lettuce  "].  A  genus  of 
composite-flowered  herbs  ;  the  lettuces.  L.  altissi- 
ma,  L.  elongata,  L.  montana,  L.  sativa  (com- 
mon garden  lettuce),  and  L.  virosa,  afford  lactuca- 
rium  ;  but  the  L.  virosa  is  the  source  recognized  in 
the  U.  S.  Pharmacopeia.  Lactuca  (B.  P.)  is  also  a 
synonym  of  Lactucarium,  q.  v. 

Lactucarium  (lak-tu-ka'-re-um)  [L.:  gen. ,  Lactucarii]. 
Lettuce.  The  milky  juice  of  Lactuca  virosa,  a  bien- 
nial plant.  It  contains  a  crystalline  substance,  lactu- 
cerin,  to  which  its  properties  are  thought  to  be  due. 
It  is  a  mild  hypnotic,  with  sedative  and  diuretic  prop- 
erties, somewhat  similar  to  opium,  but  without  depres- 
sant after-effects.  It  is  frequently  an  ingredient  of 
patented  cough-mixtures  ;  varieties  of  commercial  lac- 
tucarium are  produced  by  other  species  of  Lactuca,  q. 
t.  L.,  Ext.  (B.  P.)  Dose  gr.  v-xv.  L.,  Ext., 
Fid.  Dose  "V-3J-  L.,  Syr.,  contains  5  percent, 
of  the  drug.   Dosegj-^j.    L.,  Tinct.,  dose  jss— 5  ij. 

Lactucerin  (lak-tu' 'ser-in  1  [lactuca,  lettuce ;  cera, 
wax].  A  crystalline  substance  existing  in  lactu- 
carium,  a.  v. 

Lactucerol  ( lak-tu' -ser-ol)  [lactuca,  lettuce  ;  oleum, 
oil],  C:!,;H60O.,.  A  crystalline  substance  existing  in 
lactucerin;  it  occurs  in  two  isomeric  forms. 

Lactucic  Acid  [lak-tu1 '-sik)  [lactuca,  lettuce] ,  C^H^Og. 
A  yellow,  amorphous  body  found  in  lactucarium.  It 
is  insoluble  in  chloroform,  ether,  benzin,  and  carbon 
bisulphid.  In  some  respects  it  resembles  oxalic  acid. 
See  Acid. 

Lactucin  (lak-tu' '-sin)  [lactuca,  lettuce].  A  crystalline 
extractive  of  lettuce  and  of  lactucarium. 

Lactucol  (lak'-tu-kol)  [lactuca,  lettuce],  C13H20O.  A 
substance  crystallizing  in  needles,  formed  when  lac- 
tucerin and  potassium  hydrate  are  melted  together. 

Lactucon  (lak-tu' -kon).      Same  as  Lactucin . 

Lactucopicric  Acid,  Lactucopicrin  (lak-tu-ko-pik'- 
rik,  lak-tu-ko-pikf-riri)  [lactuca,  lettuce ;  iracp6c, 
bitter],  C44H.,.,( _).,,.  An  amorphous,  bitter  principle 
contained  in  lactucarium. 

Lactumen  [lak-tu' -men)  [lac,  milk  :  pi.,  Lactumina~\. 
A  synonym  of  Porrigo  larvalis.  Also,  applied  to 
that  form  of  aphtha:  in  which  the  spots  have  a  fanci- 
ful resemblance  to  clots  of  curd. 

Lactupicrin  (lak-tu-pik'-rin).    See  Lactucopicric  Acid. 

Lacuna  (la-ku'-nah)  [lacus,  a  lake:  pi.,  Lacuna']. 
A  little  hollow  space.  A  mucous  or  lymphatic  folli- 
cle. Lr.,  Absorption.  See  ffowskip's  Lacuna.  L. 
amatorum,  the  vertical  groove  in  the  center  of  the 
upper  lip.  L.  Bone.  See  Bone.  L.  of  Cemen- 
tum,  spaces  in  the  cement  of  the  teeth  analogous  to 
those  in  bone.  L.  cerebri,  the  infundibulum  of  the 
brain.  L.  of  Cornea,  spaces  between  the  lamina?  of 
the  cornea.  L.  graafianae.  Graafian  follicles.  L., 
Haversian.  See  Bone.  L.,  Howship's.  1.  De- 
pressions on  the  surface  of  bone  beneath  the  perios- 


teum. 2.  Carious  excavations  in  bone  filled  with 
granulation-tissue.  L.,  Intervillous  (of  placenta), 
the  -paces  in  the  maternal.,, portion  of  the  placenta 
filled  with  blood,  and  in  which  the  fetal  villi  h 
L.  labii  superioris.  See  L.  amatorum.  L.  later- 
ales  sinus  superioris,  depressions  along  the  groove 
of  the  superior  longitudinal  sinus.  L.  magna,  the 
largest  ot  th  -  of  the  glands  of  I.ittre,  situated 

on  the  upper  surface  of  the  fossa  navicularis.  L. 
morgagni,  the  orifices  of  the  glands  of  l.ittre,  or  the 
gland-  themselves.  L.  pharyngis,  a  depression  at 
the  opening  of  the  Eustachian  tube  into  the  pharynx. 
L.  of  Tongue,  the  foramen  cecum.  S<  e  Foramina, 
Table  of.  L.  of  Urethra,  follicular  depressions  in 
the  mucous  membrane  of  the  urethra,  most  abundant 
along  the  floor,  especially  in  the  region  of  the  bulb. 
Their  mouth-  are  directed  forward. 

Lacunal  (la-ku'-nal),  or  Lacunar  (la-ku'-nar)  [lacus, 
lake].  Pertaining  to  the  lacuna?.  L.  Spaces,  the 
irregular  fissures  between  the  fasciculi  of  connective 
tissue,  forming  the  beginnings  of  the  lymphatic  vessels. 

Lacunose  (la-ku'-nos)  [lacuna,  a  pit,  a  hollow].  In 
biology,  having  pits,  depressions,  or  spaces. 

Lacunosorugose  (la-ku' -no-so-ru' -gos)  [lacuna,  pit, 
hollow  ;  ruga,  a  wrinkle].  In  biology,  deeply  pitted 
or  wrinkled,  as  the  sione  of  a  peach. 

Lacunula  {lak-u'-nu-lah)  [dim.  of  lacuna,  a  lake  :  //., 
Lacunul(z\.  A  small  or  minute  lacuna;  an  air- 
space, such  as  is  seen  in  a  gray  hair  when  magnified. 

Lacus  (la' -kits)  [L.].  A  small  hollow  or  cavity  in  a 
tissue.  L.  derivationis,  one  of  the  venous  spaces 
in  the  tentorium  cerebelli  communicating  with  the 
superior  longitudinal  and  lateral  sinuses.  L.  lacry- 
malis,  the  space  at  the  inner  canthus  of  the  eye,  near 
the  punctum,  in  which  the  tears  collect.  L.  sangui- 
neus, the  utero-placental  sinus. 

Lacustrine  (la-kits' -trin)  [lacus,  a  lake].  In  biology, 
inhabiting  lakes  or  ponds. 

La  Dando  (lak  dan' -do).      Synonym  of  Influenza. 

Ladanum  (lad'-a>i-ttm)[L.  ;  Gr.,  7JjSavov\.  The  con- 
crete gummy  and  resinous  juice  of  various  species  of 
Cis/us,  growing  in  the  Mediterranean  region  ;  as  C. 
ladaniferus,  C.  creticus,  C.  salvifolius,  C.  cyprius,  C. 
ledon,  and  C.  villosus.  It  is  a  greenish-gray  solid,  of 
bitter  taste,  formerly  in  high  esteem.  It  is  now 
chiefly  used  in  making  pastils  for  fumigation. 

Ladendo  (lad-en' -do).      Synonym  of  Influenza. 

Ladrerie  (lah-dra-re')  [Fr.].      See  Measles. 

Ladric  (lah'-drik).      Pertaining  to  measles. 

Lady  Crespigny's  Pill.  A  pill  of  aloes  and  cinchona  ; 
aloes  socotr.  3J,  ext.  cinchona  ^iij,  cinnam.  ^j,  syr. 
absinth,  q.  s.  It  is  a  stomachic  and  laxative.  Dose 
gr.  x-xx. 

Lady  Hesketh's  Pill.  A  pill  similar  to  Lady  Cres- 
pigny's Pill,  q.V. 

Lady  Webster  Pill.     See  Aloe. 

Lady's  Bed-straw.  Cheese-rennet.  The  herb  Gal- 
ium verum,  a  refrigerant  and  diuretic.  Dose.  fld.  ext. 
--— j.     Unof.     L.'s  Slipper.     See  Cypripedium. 

Laemoparalysis  (le-mo-par-al'-is-is).  See  Lemoparal- 
ysis. 

Laennec's  Cirrhosis.  Atrophic  cirrhosis  of  the  liver; 
a  form  of  chronic  interstitial  hepatitis  of  the  liver  in 
which  the  organ  is  greatly  reduced  in  size  and  may  be 
deformed.  The  weight  maybe  reduced  to  a  pound 
or  a  pound  and  a  half;  the  surface  of  the  organ  is 
granular;  and  its  substance  is  composed  of  greenish 
yellow  islands  surrounded  by  grayish-white  connective 
tissue.  L.'s  Pedes  and  L.'s  Rale.  See  Signs  and 
Symptoms,  Table  of.  L.  tubercles,  the  miliar}-  granu- 
lations of  tuberculosi-. 

Laesis  (le'-sis).      See  Lesion. 


nolar 

llle 

- 

in  ; 

ion. 

ity- 
lust.      L.  valacitas, 

: 

r  Lagochilo^  kir- 

|,     Hare-lip.     '  I 

•-...I 

mic  .       hare; 

with  lagoph- 

.       hare ; 

Jar     notion     that    a 

Inability  to  close  the 

>podou'>  hare-footed]. 

clothed  with  long 

•:..i  OTOfia, 

,n- 

crminator.      An  apparatus  for  destroy  - 

■  try       It  is   a   wooden  box 

•   et  lied,  its 

In  the 

\  minute: 

:    In  fluetl 

of  the  ah 
mble 


burn.  L.- 

lobin, 

i   the 

like]. 


I  AM  1.1  1  A 

Lakmus  ius).     See  I  annus. 

Lakv  red. 

Lalia  |  ■  talking].     Speech. 

Lallation  hun)    \  :    lallare,    to  babble]. 

Any  unintelligible  stammering  of  speech,  such  as  the 
prattling   of  a  babe.     Also,  the  defect  or  peculiarity 
,.f  speech,    usually   racial,  in    which   /  is   substitu 
tor  ;-. 

LaiHng  |        \re,   to    babble].        Lallation ; 

y-talk. 

Laloneurosis              nu-ro'-sis)  [AdAoc,  prattle ;   n  , 
nerve:  pi.,  Laloneuroses\.     An  impairment  of  speech 
arising  from  spasmodic  acti< f  the  muscles.     It  in- 
cludes stammering  and  aphthongia. 

Lalopathy  [lal-op'-ath-e)   [>">"<;,  speech;    rrdHor,   dis- 
].      Any  disorder  of  speech. 

Lalophobia    {lal  ■        \  '■'< •■''"<  .    prattle;     tp<5 

ir].         Stutter, .spasm,    leading    to,   or    complicated 
with,  a  dislike  of  speaking. 

Laloplegia    {lal-o-ple' -je-ah)    ['/d?.oc,   talking;     tt'/ 
a  -i:  Paralysis  of  speech,  not  due,  however,  to 

paralysis  of  the  tongue. 

Lamarckism  or  tin-  Lamarckian  Theory.  The  doi 
trine  based  upon  the  teachings  of  the  French  naturalist, 
J.  B.  P.  A.  de  Monet  de  Lamarck  (i 744-1829),  who 
attempted  to  explain  the  progressive  evolution  of  nature 
by  virtue  of  an  inherent  tendency  to  development 
through  the  appetency  and  habits  of  living  organisms, 
the  efforts  excited  by  change  of  conditions  reacting 
upon  the  structure.  It  is  based  on  the  theory  that 
matter  acted  upon  by  heat,  light,  and  electricity  may 
spontaneously  generate  life  of "  low,  homogeneous 
organisms,  and  that  such  organisms  would  develop 
qualities  of  heterogeneity  and  organs  as  governed  by 
their  surroundings,  and  especially  by  their  wants  or 
desires.  To  this  preponderating  influence  of  new 
wants  Lamarck  ascribes  the  chief  role  in  evolution, 
while  Darwin  emphasizes  the  advantage  of  acciden- 
tal variations  in  the  struggle  for  existence.  See  Neo- 
lamarckism. 

Lambda  [lam'-dah]  [Xa/j,(36a,  the  Greek  letter  /]. 
The  junction  of  the  sagittal  and  lambdoid  sutures  at 
the  apex  of  the  latter.     See  CraniQtnetric  Points. 

L,3i-mbdacism(/(iw/ -</as-Jzm)[_'/(i/i('i(iKiaiior,  Iambdacism]. 

1.  Difficulty    in    uttering    the  sound   of  the   letter  /. 

2.  Too  frequent  use  of  the  /sound,  or  its  substitution 
for  the  >'  sound  ;   lallation. 

Lambdoid,  or  Lambdoidal  (lain* -doid ox  lam-Joi' -dal\ 
[/<(//  JiV/,  the  letter  7. ;  udog,  resemblance].  Resem- 
bling the  Greek  letter  A.  L.  Suture,  the  suture 
between  the  occipital  and  the  two  parietal  bones. 

Lambert's  Method.  A  method  of  mixing  colors  by 
colored  wafers  and  a  slip  of  glass.  By  means  of  re- 
flections from  the  surface  of  the  latter  one  color  may 
be  in  part  reflected  and  superimposed  on  another 
color. 

Lame  (/(iwj  [ME.,  lame,\zxae\.  Crippled;  halting; 
limping. 

Lamel  (/am-el')  \lamella,  dim.  of  lamina,  a  plate]. 
A  medicated  disc,  made  with  some  soluble  basis;  it 
is  used  in  the  dosimetric  application  of  drugs  to  the 
eye,  etc. 

Lamella  {lam-el' -alt)  [dim.  of  lamina,  a  plate:  pl.J.ti- 
mellce~\.  A  descriptive  term  applied  to  any  foliation  or 
scale-like  appearance;  a  thin  lamina,  scale,  or  plate. 
L.   of  Bone,   th  entric    rings    surrounding    the 

Haversian  canals.  L.,  Bronchial,  one  of  the  folds 
of  the  mucosa  of  the  gills  of  fish.  -  and  certain 
molluscs.  L.  carnosa,  that  part  of  the  parietal  meso- 
blast  from  which  the  muscles  ol  the  trunk  are 
eloped.  L.  ceratina,  the  epiblastic  layer  giving 
origin  to  the  skin  and  its  appendages.    L.  cerebellare, 


LAMELLAR 


655 


LAMINA 


one  of  the  laminae  of  the  <  erebellum.  L.,  Concentric, 
one  of  tin:  plates  of  bone  surrounding  the  Havei 
canals.  L.  coriaria,  the  part  of  the  somatopleure  from 
which  the  corium  and  possibly  the  cutaneous  mu 
are  developed.  L.,  Cribriform.  See  Lamina 
cribrosa.  L.,  Fundamental  or  General,  a  general 
term  applied  to  all  varieties  of  osseous  lamellae. 
L.,  Haversian.  See  L.,  Concentric.  L.,  Homo- 
geneous, the  clear,  apparently  structureless  layer  of 
an  osseous  lamella.  L.,  Intermediate,  one  of  the 
plates  tilling  the  spaces  between  the  concentric  layers 
of  bone.  L.,  Interstitial.  See  L.,  Intermediate. 
L.,  Investing.  See  L.,  Concentric.  L  medullaris, 
the  epiblastic  layer  forming  the  central  nervous 
system  and  organs  of  special  sense.  L.,  Medullary, 
the  internal  lamellae  forming  the  wall  of  the 
medullary  cavity  of  hollow  hones.  L.  mesenterica, 
that  portion  of  the  splanchnopleure  from  which  the 
mesentery,  and  the  muscular  and  fibrous  parts  of  the 
intestines  are  derived.  L.  mucosa,  that  part  of  the 
hypoblast  from  which  the  epithelia  of  the  gastro- 
intestinal tract  and  its  glands  are  developed. 
L.  of  Nail,  an  elevation  on  the  corium,  dove-tailing 
into  a  furrow  on  the  under  surface  of  the  nail.  L., 
Perineural,  the  perineurium.  L.,  Periosteal  or 
Peripheral,  a  superficial  lamella  of  bone  lying  under 
the  periosteum.  L.  renalis,  that  portion  of  the 
mesoblast  from  which  the  kidneys  and  generative 
organs  are  developed.  L.,  Special.  See  £.,  Con- 
centric. L.,  Striped,  the  dark  portion  of  a  bone- 
lamella  which  has  a  striped  appearance.  L.,  Tri- 
angular, a  fibrous  layer  connecting  the  choroid 
plexuses  of  the  third  ventricle  of  the  brain.  L., 
Vascular.     See  Endockorion. 

Lamellar  {lam-el'-ar)  Lamellate  (lam-el' '-at)  [lamella, 
a  thin  plate].  Having  the  nature  of,  or  resembling  any 
thin,  osseous  or  membranous  tissue  ;  composed  of  lam- 
ellae or  thin  plates.      L.  Cataract.     See  Cataract. 

Lamelliferous  (lam-el-if'-er-us)  [lamella,  a  thin  plate  ; 
ferre,  to  bear].      Composed  of  lamellae. 

Lamelliform  {lam-el' -if-orm)  [lamella,  a  small  plate; 
forma,  form].      Having  the  shape  of  a  lamella. 

Lamelligerous  (lam-el-ij'-er-us).     See  Lamelliferous. 

Lamelliped  (lam-el' -ip-ed)  [lamella,  a  small  plate ; 
pes,  foot].      Having  a  fiat  or  lamelliform  foot. 

Lamellose  (lam'-el-os).      See  Lamellar. 

Lamellule  (lam-el'-iil)  [lamellula,  dim.  of  lamella,  a 
plate].      A  very  -mall  plate. 

Lameness  |/(7w'-«('/)  [ME., /^wr, lame].  The  state  of 
being  lame.  L.,  Cross,  a  peculiar  gait  of  horses  in 
which  the  lameness  seem-  to  be  in  the  leg  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  one  diseased.  L.,  Kennel,  a 
rheumatic  affection  of  dogs.  L.,  Uterine,  weakness 
of  the  uterus  due  to  disease. 

Lamin  (la'-min)  [laminum,  the  dead-nettle].  An 
alkaloid  said  to  exist  in  Lamium  album,  </.  v. 

Lamina  (lam' -in-ah)  [I..,  a  plate  or  scale:  pi. ,  Lm»i- 
ina\.  A  descriptive  term  used  to  designate  foliated 
structure.  Also,  any  thin  layer  of  bone,  membrane, 
or  other  tissue.  L.,  Arcuate  [of  the  cerebellum), 
a  bundle  of  fibers  uniting  the  contiguous  convolutions 
of  the  cerebellum.  L.,  Arcuate  {of  the  cerebrum), 
a  band  of  fibers  uniting  adjacent  convolutions  of 
the  cerebrum.  L.  ascendens  [of  the  palate  bone), 
the  vertical  plate  of  the  palate.  L.  axilis,  the  primi- 
tive streak  of  the  blastoderm.  L.,  Basal  [of  the 
placenta),  the  decidua  serotina.  L.,  Bowman's,  the 
structureless  membrane  between  the  anterior  layers 
of  epithelium  and  the  fibrous  ti-sue  of  the  cornea  of 
the  eye.  L.  cacuminis,  a  narrow  band  connecting 
the  posterior  superior  lobes  of  the  cerebellum.  L. 
of   Cerebellum,  the   layers- of  white  matter,  covered 


externally  with  gray  substance,  that  arise  from  the  cen- 
tral white  a.\i.->  of  the  cerebellum.  L.  chrotalis, 
the  dermal  plate  or  covering.  L.  cinerea,  the 
connecting  layer  of  gray  matin-  between  the  corpus 
callosum  and  the  optic  chiasma ;  the  terma.  L.  cinerea 
convoluta,  the  tuber  cinereum.  L.  conarii,  the 
lower    lamella    of    the    n  the    pineal     gland. 

L.  concharum,  the  inner  surface  of  the  lateral 
mas-i :s  of  tin-  ethmoid  bone.  L.  connectens,  the 
posterior  cerebral  commissure.  L.  connectiva, 
the  collodcrma ,  q.v.  L.  cortis,  the  membrana  tectoria 
of  the  internal  ear.  L.  cornea,  a  thickened  band 
of  the  ependyma  of  the  lateral  ventricle  covering 
the  tenia  semicircularis.  L.,  Cribriform,  the  crib- 
riform plate  of  the  ethmoid.  See  also  L.  crib- 
rosa  of  the  Temporal  Bone.  L.  cribrosa  [of  the 
choroid),  in  lower  animals  that  portion  of  the 
choroid  which  is  perforated  for  the  passage  of  the 
optic  nerve.  L.  cribrosa  [of  the  fascia  lata),  the 
cribriform  fascia  covering  the  saphenous  opening. 
L.  cribrosa  anterior,  the  anterior  perforated  space. 
L.  cribrosa  anterior  inferior,  the  anterior  part  of 
the  inferior  fossula,  through  which  branches  of  the 
cochlear  nerve  pass.  L.  cribrosa  media,  the  middle 
part  of  the  inferior  fossula  transmitting  the  branches 
of  the  auditory  nerve  going  to  the  saccule.  L. 
cribrosa  posterior,  the  posterior  perforated  space. 
L.  cribrosa  of  the  Sclerotic,  the  perforated  lamina 
through  which  the  optic  nerve  enters  the  globe  of 
the  eye.  L.  cribrosa  of  the  Temporal  Bone,  a 
small  laminated  bone  forming  the  boundary  of  the 
internal  auditor}  meatus.  L.  of  the  Cricoid 
Cartilage,  the  fiat  posterior  plate  of  the  cricoid  car- 
tilage. L.,  Crystalline,  the  anterior  part  of  the  cap- 
sule of  the  crystalline  lens.  L.  dentata,  the  dentate 
fascia.  L.  denticulata,  the  covering  of  the  outer 
fifth  of  the  vestibular  surface  of  the  bony  cochlea, 
from  which  delicate  teeth-like  elevations  project 
into  the  scala  vestibuli.  L.  dorsalis,  one  of  the 
two  ridges  bordering  the  medullary  groove,  that 
unite  to  form  a  canal  which  finally  develops  into 
the  cerebro-spinal  canal.  See  Plates,  Medullary.  L., 
External  Medullary,  the  outer  of  the  two  white 
layers  of  the  lenticular  nucleus.  L.,  Fibro- 
cutaneous,  the  parietal  mesoblast.  L.,  Fibrointesti- 
nal,  the  visceral  mesoblast.  L.  fusca,  the  pig- 
mentary tissue  of  the  sclera  forming  the  ectal  layer 
of  the  perichoroidal  sinus.  L.  gastralis,  the  gastro- 
derma,  q.  v.  L.,  Gray.  See  L.  cinerea.  L.  grisea, 
the  gray  matter  of  the  spinal  cord.  L.,  Internal 
Medullary,  the  inner  of  the  two  white  layers  of  the 
lenticular  nucleus.  L.,  Lateral  (of  the  sphenoid  bone), 
the  external  pterygoid  plate.  L.  lentis,  one  of  the 
layers  of  the  crystalline  lens.  L.  mastoidea,  the  basal 
plate  of  the  mastoid  process  of  the  temporal  bone.  L.. 
Median  (of  the  sphenoid  bone),  the  internal  pterygoid 
plate.  L.  medullaris  media  cerebelli,  the  valve  of 
Vieussens.  L.  medullaris  thalami,  a  layer  of  white 
matter  between  the  optic  thalamus  and  the  internal  nu- 
cleus of  the  striate  body.  L.  medullaris  transversa, 
a  delicate  layer  of  gray  matter  covering  the  a<  ]iieduct  of 
Sylvius.  L.  medullaris  triangularis,  the  lyra  of  the 
fornix.  L.  modioli,  the  bony  lamina  spiralis oi  the  coch- 
lea. L.  muscularis,  the  myoderma,  </.  v.  L.  nervea 
involvens.  a  delicate  layer  of  nerve-matter  covering  the 
ventricular  surface  of  the  ependyma.  L.  neuroder- 
malis,  the  epiblast.  L..  Nuclear,  the  nuclear  layer. 
L.  palatina,  the  horizontal  plate  of  the  palate  bone. 
L.  papyracea,  the  os  planum  of  the  ethmoid  bone. 
L.  pedunculorum,  one  of  the  layers  of  which  the 
crura  cerebri  are  composed.  L.  perforata,  either 
perforated  space.     L.  pigmenti,  a  delicate  layer  of 


LAM 


656 


LANI  1    I 


the 
L.    prima 

L.    prop:.: 

the 

>ral,  thi  • 


1. 


r.l.i 

Mil. 

. 

Ouadrilateralis, 

L.,  Reti- 

nd- 

and 

1..  secundaria. 

L.  semicircularis. 

enopetrosa,  a  small 

ater 

dis,  a  thin  p 

'.  membranous  in 

ilea 

L. 

rte  th.it  winds  spirally 

L.  supercho- 

i  - 

L.    tectoria. 

L.,    Terminal.     I.    See    L. 

A  tin:  anterior 

I.     terminalis.  Terma.      L. 

.    :  rior 

hi  noid  bone. 

laminae  of  the 

L.,  Tympanic,  the  tympanic  plate  of 

oral    bone.       L., 

L.  of  Vertebra. 

I     vcntralis.  teral  mesoblastic 

L.  ■.  ••  of  the  skull. 

■ 
rd,  which  by 
splanchnopleure 
L..  Vitreous  roid),  a 

tilt:     in 

Lar.  .  a  thin  plate].    The  sensi- 

tire   ai  terior 
;:i  the  horse.      See  also 

Fr.].       Flatl  the 

of  the  fetal   head  to 

)  [lamina,  a 
:   having  I 
I 

I. 

i  /  . 
I.    B 

L.  cor- 

I 

. 

tents 

L.  Probe 

harina,  i 

L.   Ten- 


Lamination  {lam-in  a'-shuti)  [lamina,  a  layer].  Ar- 
rangement in  plates  or  layer.-.  An  operation  in 
embryotomy,  consisting  in  cutting  the  skull  in  slice-. 

Laminectomy    (lam-in- e k' -to-me~)    [lamina,    a    layer; 
ision].      The  operation   of  removing   the 
posterior  vertebral  arches. 

Lamineur  [lam-in-ar')  [lamina,  a  layer].  An  instru- 
ment for  performing  laminage,  </.  <-■. 

Laminitis  (lam-in-i'-tis)  [lamina,  plate;  trie,  inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation  of  the  laminae  of  a  horse's 
hoof;  founder. 

Laminose  (lam'-in-os)  [lamina,  a  thin  plate].  Thin, 
membranous,  or  plate  like. 

Lamium  um)[h.,the  dead-nettle].      A  gcnib 

of  labiate  plants.  L.  album,  the  leaves  and  stems  of 
the  plant  /-■  album,  with  properties  due  to  an  alkaloid, 
Lamin.  It  is  useful  in  menorrhagia.  Dose  of  the 
tincture   £ss-ij.      I'nof. 

Lamnar  (lamf-nar)  [lamna,  a  thin  plate].  A  term 
applied  to  nails  that  are  Hat,  short  and  broad. 

Lamnectomy  (lam-nek* -io-me).  Same  as  Laminec- 
tomy. 

Lamp  ['/iiii-di  ,  a  lamp].  A  vessel  containing  a  liquid 
capable  of  burning,  and  a  wick.  It  is  used  to  give 
light.  L.,  Aphlogistic,  a  lamp  devised  by  Davy  in 
which  glowing  platinum  furnishes  the  light.  L.  -black, 
a  tine  black  substance,  almost  pure  carbon,  made  by 
burning  coal-oils  in  an  atmosphere  deficient  in  oxygen, 
or  by  allowing  a  gas-flame  to  impinge  on  a  cold  surface. 
See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of.  L.,  Laryngoscopic,  a 
small  incandescent  lamp  used  in  laryngoscopy.  One 
form  is  provided  with  reflectors  and  lenses  by 
means  of  which  light  can  be  projected  into  the  mouth, 
pharynx,  and  larynx.  L.,  Lee's,  a  lamp  used  in  mer- 
curial fumigation.  L.,  Mercurial,  a  lamp  consisting 
of  two  cups,  an  upper  for  holding  the  mercury,  a 
lower  for  holding  water.  The  latter  is  heated  by 
means  of  a  Bunsen  burner,  the  water  and  mercury 
being  both  vaporized.  L.,  Spirit,  one  in  which 
alcohol  is  used  to  produce  heat  rather  than  light.  L., 
Van  Buren's,  a  device  for  mercurial  fumigation. 

Lampas  (lam'  pa  )  [Fr.,  lam  fas,  lampas].  A  conges- 
tive swelling  of  the  fleshy  lining  of  the  roof  of  the 
mouth,  in  the  horse. 

Lampers  (lam'-p,  r%  ) .      Sec  Lampas. 

Lamprophony  (lam-proff f -o-ne)  [Aafnvpdq  sounding ; 
cpuvi/,  voice].    A  sonorous,  ringing  quality  of  the  voice. 

Lampsana  (lamp-sa'-nah).     See  Lapsana. 

Lampsis  (lamp' -sis)  ['/ainj<ir,  a  shining].  Splendor, 
brilliancy. 

Lana  (la'-nali)  [L.].      Wool. 

Lanate  (Ian'  -at)  [/',:<"'.  wool].  Woolly;  lanuginous  ; 
lanigerous;  lanose. 

Lancaster    Black-drop.      Acetum    opii;     vinegar   of 
urn. 

Lance  (lans)  [lancea,  a  lance  or  spear].  I.  A  lancet. 
2.  To  open,  a-  with  a  lancet  <>v  bistoury.  L.,  Mau- 
riceau's,  a  lance  shaped  knife  foi  opening  the  fetal 
head  in  embryotomy. 

Lanceate  (lan'-se-at)  [lancea,  a  lance].  See  Lanceo- 
late. 

Lanceolar  (lan'-se-o-lar).     See  Lanceolate. 

Lanceolate  '       o  lat)  [lanceola,  a  little  lance].     In 

biology,  shaped  like  a  lance-head ;  thin  and  tapering 
toward-  each  end. 

Lancet  (lan'-set)  [dim.  of  lancea,  a  lance].  A  two 
edged  surgical  instrumi  nl  for  incising  tumors,  etc.  L., 
Gum,  a  small  i>  nl  in  which  the  cutting  portion 

has  a  convex  edge  anil  is  at  right-angles  !<>  the  shaft. 
L.,  Spring,  one  in  which  tin  blade  is  thrust  out  by 
means  of  a  spring,  which  i-  controlled  by  a  trigger. 
L.,  Thumb,  one  with  a  double  edged,  broad  blade. 


LAM   II  ORM 


657 


LAPARELYTROTOMY 


Lanciform  {Ian* -sif-orni)  [lancea,  lance  ;  forma,  form]. 
Lance-shaped. 

Lancinate  (lan'-sin  at)  [lancinare,  to  tear"].  To  lacerate, 
to  pierce,  or  tear. 

Lancinating  [Ian' ' -sin-a-ting\  [lancinare,  to  tear]. 
Tearing;  shooting.  L.  Pains,  rending,  tearing,  or 
sharply-cutting  pains,  common  in  posterior  spinal 
sclerosis. 

Lancing  [lanf-sing  ).     See  Lams. 

Lancisi,  Nerves  of.  The  stria  longitudinales .  The 
slight  ridges  of  the  callosum  of  the  brain  bounding 
the  raphe.      See  A  .    Tabic  of. 

Landmarks  [land1 '-marks)  [ME.,  landmark,  the  boun- 
dary of  a  country].  Superficial  marks  (such  as  emi- 
nences, lines,  and  depressions)  that  serve  as  guides  to, 
or  indications  of.  die]"  r-seated  parts.  The  knowledge 
of  landmarks  is  of  the  utmost  importance,  both  to  the 
surgeon  and  the  physician. 

Landolphi's  or  Landolfi's  Paste.  A  caustic  applica- 
tion composed  of  the  chlorids  of  zinc,  antimony, 
bromin.  arid  gold,  which  is  used  pure,  or  weakened  by 
mixing  with  basilicon  ointment  in  varying  propor- 
tions. It  should  be  spread  on  the  surface  with  a 
spatula,  or  applied  on  charpie,  and  allowed  to  remain 
for  24  or  48  hours. 

Landolphia  [lan-dol'-fe-ah)  [after  Capt.  Landolph,  an 
explorer].  A  genus  of  tropical  climbing  shrubs,  in- 
cluding the  African  rubber-tree,  a  source  of  caoutchouc. 

Landolt's  Method.  A  method  of  determining  insuffi- 
ciency of  the  internal  recti  muscles.  A  small  lamp  or 
candle  is  surrounded  by  a  blackened  chimney,  a  ver- 
tical slit  in  which  serves  as  an  object  of  fixation.  The 
light  is  then  approximated  to  the  eyes,  and  when  the 
internal  recti  are  no  longer  able  to  maintain  the  nec- 
essary convergence,  two  images  of  the  slit  are  seen. 

Landouzy-Dejerine  Type.  A  type  of  muscular 
atrophy.      See  Diseases,   Table  of. 

Landry's  Disease  or  Paralysis.  Acute  ascending 
paralysis ;  a  form  of  atonic  paralysis  described  by 
Landry,  characterized  by  loss  of  motor  power  in 
the  lower  extremities,  gradually  extending  to  the 
upper  extremities,  and  to  the  centers  of  circulation 
and  respiration,  without  characteristic  sensory  mani- 
festations, trophic  changes,  or  variations  in  electric 
reaction.      See  Diseases,  Table  of. 

Land-scurvy.    See  Purpura  hemorrhagica. 

Landzert,  Angle  of.     See  Angle. 

Lanesin,  or  Lanessin  (lan'-es-in)  \lana,  wool].  A 
proprietary  preparation  of  wool-fat  similar  to  lanolin. 

Lanfranc's  Collyrium.  A  stimulant  application  to 
ulcers,  containing  aloes  and  myrrh,  each  5  parts  ;  ace- 
tate of  copper,  10  parts  ;  trisulphid  of  arsenic,  15  parts  ; 
rose-water,  380  parts,  and  white  wine,  1000  parts. 

Lang's  Oil.     See  Gray  Oil. 

Lange's  Method.  A  method  of  testing  for  CO.,  in  the 
air.  It  consists  in  shaking  in  a  bottle  full  of  the  air 
to  be  tested,  a  half  ounce  of  clear  fresh  lime-water. 
If  the  air  contains  7  parts  per  1000  of  CO.,,  a  turbid- 
ity of  the  fluid  will  occur. 

Langenbeck's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Langerhans'  Cells.  Certain  modified  epithelial  cells 
forming  the  simplest  nerve-endings.  L.'s  Granular 
Layer,  the  stratum  granulosum  of  the  epidermis. 

Langier's  Apparatus.  A  form  of  immovable  splint  for 
a  limb.  It  is  composed  of  strips  of  brown  paper 
impregnated  with  starch-paste.  L.'s  Bandage.  See 
Bandage. 

Langley,  Oxyntic  Cells  of.  See  Delomorphous.  L.'s 
Test.      See  Tests,   Table  of. 

Language  [lang/-gwaj]  [lingua,  the  tongue].     The  ar- 
ticulate sounds,  signs,  or  symbols  whereby  thought  is 
communicated.      L.,  Center  for.     See  Aphasia. 
42 


Languor  (lang/-gu w)[ I...  faintness].  Lassitude.  I  dis- 
inclination to  take  bodily  exercise,  or  to  exert  one- 
self. 

Laniaries    or  Laniary  Teeth  [la' -ne-ar-e-ez)    [/ 
laniarii ;  laniare,  to  rend].     The  cuspid   teeth;   ap- 
plied   more   particularly  to   those  of  carnivorous  ani- 
mals. 

Laniariform  ila-ne-ar' -if-orm)  [laniare,  to  rend; 
forma,  shape].  Shaped  like  the  canine  teeth  of  car- 
nivora. 

Laniary  [la' '  ne-a-re)  [laniare,  to  tear,  rend].  In 
biology,  applied  to  well-developed  canine  or  lacerating 
teeth. 

Lanigerous  {lan-ij' -er-us)  [lana,  wool  ;gerere,  to  bear]. 
In    biology,    producing,  or  1  with   wool   or  a 

woolly  growth ;  lanate;  lanose  ;  lanuginous. 

Lank  [ME.,  lank,  lank].      Lean,  thin,  attenuated. 

Lanoleum  {lan-o'-le-um).     See  Lanolin. 

Lanolin  (lan'-o-lin)  [lana,  wool  ;  oleum,  oil].  A 
cholesterin-fat  obtained  from  sheep's  wool,  introduced 
as  a  basis  lor  ointments.  It  does  not  saponify  or 
become  rancid,  and  is  characterized  by  remarkable 
penetrative  powers. 

Lanose  [la'-nos)  [laua,  wool].  In  biology,  woolly; 
wool-like  ;   lanate. 

Lantana  (/,///  ta'-nah)  [L.].  A  genus  of  verbenaceous 
shrubs  and  herbs,  principally  natives  of  tropical 
America.  A  lew  grow  native  in  the  U.  S.  L.  acu- 
leata  is  an  aromatic  stomachic.  L.  brasiliensis 
and  L.  camara  are  among  the  antipyretic  species. 
Unof. 

Lantanin  {Ian' -tan-in)  [lantana\  An  alkaloid  ex- 
tractive of  Lantana  brasiliensis,  called  Verba  sagrada. 
It  is  asserted  to  have  antiperiodic  and  antipyretic  pro- 
perties, and  has  been  successfully  used  in  intermittent 
fevers.      Dose,  gr.  xv-xxx.      Unof. 

Lantermann's  Notches  or  Segments.      Conico-cyl- 
indric  segments   in   the  medullary  sheath  of  a  n< 
fiber ;   they  are  marked  off  from   one   another  by  the 
incisures  of  Schmidt. 

Lantern  of  Aristotle,  or  Aristotle's  Lantern.  In 
biology,  the  oral  skeleton  of  a  sea-urchin.  L.-jaws, 
a  colloquialism  for  a  long,  thin  visage. 

Lanthanum  [lan'-than-unt),  orLanthanium  (lan-tha'- 
ne-um)  [?iavddveiv,  to  conceal ;  lanthanum  was  a  sub- 
stance concealed  from  the  knowledge  of  chemists]. 
A  rare  metallic  element ;  symbol  La.,  atomic  weight, 
1  58.  Little  is  known  of  its  medicinal  properties. 
See  Eleincnts,   Table  of. 

Lanthopin  {lanf -tho-pin)  [tovd&veiv,  to  conceal], 
C...JI „-,X< ),.  A  finely  crystalline  alkaloid  of  opium. 
It  occurs  in  white  crystals  fusible  at  2000  C. 

Lanuginose,  Lanuginous  [lan-u'-jin-os,  lan-ur -jin-us) 
[lanuginosus,  wooly].  In  biology,  woolly,  downy, 
lanate,  lanose,  lanigerous. 

Lanugo  [lan-u'-go)  [lana,  wool].  The  down-like  hair 
that  appears  upon  the  fetus  at  about  the  fifth  month  of 
gestation  ;  the  downy  growth  often  seen  upon  the  face 
of  women  and  girls.  L.  prima,  the  first  growth  of 
beard.      L.  pudendorium,  pubic  hair. 

Lap  [ME.,  lappa  1  :  Gr.,  Mirreiv,  to  lap  with  the 
tongue].  I.  To  lick  up.  2.  A  lick.  3.  That  part 
of  the  body  formed  by  the  anterior  aspect  of  the 
thighs. 

Lapactic  {lap-ak'-tik)  [/.mzaoae/r.  to  empty].  I.  Emp- 
tying;  evacuant.      2.   Any  purgative  substance. 

Lapara  (lap'-ar-a/i)  [2wrap6g,  loose].  1.  The  loins; 
loosely  applied  to  the  abdomen.      2.    Diarrhea. 

Laparacele  (lap'-ar-as-el).     See  Laparocele. 

Laparectomy  [lap-ar-ek'  -to-me).     See  Enterectomy. 

Laparelytrotomy  [lap-ar-el-it-rot'-o-me).  Same  as 
Laparo-elytrotomy. 


1  Ai 


I    \1'IS 


Laparoto- 
neal 


I. 


loin  ; 
ininal 


S 


; 

n].       An 
uterine   \ 

It 

-.villi  dens 

ition. 

ia,  loin  ; 

ittingj.     i.   Suprapu- 

d  extra- 

the  fetus,  the  sac 

•otomy  '  o-me)   [ 

tting].      An  oper- 

rean 

over   Poupart's 

neum  until  the  vagina 

the 

hild  thus  d  above  the 

ut. 

iro-enterotomy  ^ 

utting].     An  open- 
ui  abdominal  incision. 
rotomy 

cutting].       The 

n  abdominal  incision. 

terectomy  me )  [/«- 

tutting].     The 
gh  an  incision  in  the  ab- 

tero-obphorectomy  o-his' -ter-o-o- 

loin ;  womb ; 

■  out].     Removal  of 

i    in    the 


I. 


I 


>my  me).       See 

\a,  loin ; 
formation  of 

;      Sami 


the 
1  wall. 


rect- 

'•■  ■|>h- 


Laparonephrotomy    {lap-ar-o-tuf-rot' -o-me)    [Aairdpa, 
loin;     I-"".    kidney;     -<""/,   a  cutting].      Nephrot- 
omy through  an  abdominal  incision. 
Laparosalpingectomy  {/tip  -  or  -  o  -  sal -pin  -gek*  ■  to  -  me) 
\7ianapa,  loin;  oaXwcyi;,  tube;  Topi],  a  cutting].      Re 
moval  of  a  Fallopian  tube  through  an  abdominal  incis- 
ion. 
Laparosalpingotomy  {lap-ar-o^sal-pin-gol* '-o-me)  [Xmr- 
.  loin;  n, !/-/■:,  tube;    ropri,  a  cutting],     i.   (  ul 
ting   into  an   oviduct  through  an  abdominal   incision, 
j.    Laparosalpingectomy. 
Laparoscope    {lap* -ar-o-skop)    ['/a-rapa,  loin;    ami 
to  examine].     An  instrument  lor  examining  the  ab- 
domen. 
Laparoscopy    {lap-ar-os* '-ko-pe)     [Xairapa,    loin  ;  oko- 
,  to   examine].       The    examination   of  the  abdo- 
men by  the  stethoscope,  plessimeter,  or  by  other  in- 
strumental  means. 
Laparosplenectomy  {lap-ar-o-splen-ekf-to-me)  [/axapa, 
loin;     rrT//,i,   spleen;    EKTopi),  a  cutting  out].       Re- 
moval of  the  spleen  through  an  abdominal  incision. 
Laparosplenotomy   {lap  ar-o-splen-of '-o-me)    [/uti/|iu, 
loin  ;    r:7//,ry    spleen  ;    rofiij,   a    cutting].      The  sur- 
al incision  or  entrance  upon  the  spleen  through  the 
abdominal  walls. 
Laparotome  {lap'-ar-o-tom)  ['/u-upa,  loin  ;  rofiij,  a  cut- 

I.       \  cutting-instrument  used  in  laparotomy. 
Laparotomist    {lap-ar-ot1 '-o-mist)    [p\airapa,  loin ;   Topi], 

a  cutting].  A  surgeon  who  performs  laparotomy. 
Laparotomy  {lap-ar-ot' -o-me)  [Wcnr&pa,  loin;  roftfy, 
a  cutting].  I.  Surgical  incision  through  the  ab- 
dominal wall  ;  celiotomy.  2.  Surgical  entrance  into 
the  abdominal  cavity  through  the  loin  or  flank.  (The 
definition  first  given  is  that  offered  by  most  lexico- 
graphers, and  is  in  accord  with  common  usage;  but 
objection  lias  been  made  to  this  use  of  the  word. 
The  second  definition  i>  believed  to  represent  the  ety- 
mologically  more  correct  use  of  the  term.)  L.,  Con- 
servative, abdominal  section,  with  a  view  either  to 
aspiration  of  the  distended  Fallopian  tubes,  or  to  break- 
ing down  adhesions  and  freeing  the  diseased  uterine 
append;):. 
Laparotyphlotomy    {lap-ar-o-tif-lotf -o-me).     Synonym 

of  Typhlotomy. 
Laparovaginal  {lap-ar-o-vaf  -in-al)  \7.mzapa,  loin  ;   va- 
gina,  sheath].      Pertaining  to  the  abdomen  and  the 
vagina. 
Laparysterotomy     {lap-ar-is-ter-of '-o-me).       Same    as 

Laparohysterotomy. 
Lapaxis  Qap-aks' -is) [2£irai;i£,  evacuation].    Evacuation. 
La  Perleche.     See  Perleche. 
Lapides  cancrorum   (lap'-id-ez  kang-kro'-rum)  [I..]. 

Cratf s-eyes. 
Lapidillum   {lap-id-iV '-um)    [dim.  of  lapis,  stone].     A 

<  for  removing  5t  m     from  the  bladder. 
Lapidose   {lap'-id-os)    [lapis,  a  stone].      In  biology,  in- 
habiting stony  places. 
Lapillation   {lap-il-af -shun)   \lapiltus,  a  small    stone]. 

I  he  formation  of  stones  ;  lithogenesis,  q.  t. 
Lapis  {la'-pis)  [L. ,  a  rock].  An  alchemic  term  ap- 
plied to  any  non-volatile  substance.  L.  dentium, 
tartar  of  the  teeth ;  salivary  calculus.  L.  divinus, 
aluminated  copper;  a  preparation  used  in  ophthal- 
logy.  It  is  made  by  fusing  together  32  parts 
each  of  cupric  sulphate,  potassium  nitrate,  and  alum, 
and  adding  a  mixture  of  2  parts  each  of  camphor 
and  alum.  L.  imperialis,  silver  nitrate.  L.  lazuli,  a 
beautiful  blue  stone  of  complex  composition,  formerly 
em  is  a  purgative  and  emetic,  and  in  epilepsy. 

L.  lunaris,  silver  nitrate.  L.  mitigatus.  See  Ar- 
gentum.  L.  mutabilis.  See  Tabasheer.  L.  nau- 
ticus,  a  lode  stone. 


LAPLACE'S  FORMl  1.1. 


659 


LARYNGISMUS 


Laplace's  Formulae,  i.  For  preparing  acid  sublimate 
solution,  i  to  iooo :  lake  of  bichloridof  mercury,  I 
gram;  nitric  acid,  5  grams ;  water  iooo  grams.  -.  For 
preparing  acid   sublimate  tablets:    'lake  oi  bicblorid 

of  mercury,  i   gram  ;   tartaric    acid,   5   grams.      M 
into  one  tablet.     This  is  to  be  dissolved  in  one  liter 
(iooo  grams)  of  water.      3.    Acid   sublimate  gauze   is 
prepared  by  dipping  the  gauze  in  the  foregoing  solu- 
tion, wringing  it  out,  and  allowing  it  to  dr)   in  a  <  lean 
atmosphen 
Lappa  (lap'-ah)  [I..:  gen.,  Lappa],    Burdock.  The 
of  the  common  burdock,  Arctium  lappa,  contains  a  bit- 
ter principle,  a  resin,  and  tannin.     It  is  aperient  and  diu- 
retic and  has  some  reputation  as  an  alteram  e  in  c<  institu- 
tional blood  diseases.     A  tincture  of  the  seed  has  been 
recommended  in  skin-diseases.      The  dose  of  the  root 
is  Jjj— ij,  in  infusion  or  tincture;   of  the  fluid  extract, 

»lx-  3  J- 

Lappaceous  {Jap-af -she-us)  [lappa,  a  bur].  In  biology, 
bur-like. 

Lappet  {lap'-ef)  [ME.,  lappet,  lappet].  In  biology,  the 
wattle  of  a  bird. 

Lapsana  (lap'-san-aA)  [haipavq,  an  eatable  herb].  A 
genus  of  composite  plants.  L.  communis,  was 
formerly  used  as  a  laxative  and  in  skin-diseases. 

Lapsus  (lap'-sus)  [labi,  to  fall].  A  fall;  ptosis.  L. 
palpebrae  superioris,  ptosis  of  the  eyelid.  L.  pilo- 
rum,  alopecia.      L.  unguium,  falling  of  the  naib. 

Larch  [ME.,  larche,  larch].     See  Lan.x  and  Tamarac. 

Larcher's  Sign.     Sec  Death. 

Lard  and  Lard-oil  [ME. ,  larden,  lard].  Adeps.  The 
fat  of  the  pig  melted  by  gentle  heat  and  strained. 
Crude  lard  is  white,  granular,  and  of  the  consistency 
of  a  salve,  of  faint  odor  and  sweet,  fatty  taste. 
Its  specific  gravity  is  .93S  to  .940  at  150  C.  Exposed  to 
the  air  it  becomes  yellowish  and  rancid.  When  com- 
pressed at  320  E. ,  it  yields  62  parts  of  colorless  lard- 
oil  and  38  parts  of  compact  lard.  Eard  is  used  in 
cooking  ;  lard-oil  for  greasing  wool,  as  a  lubricant, 
and  an  illuminant. 

Lardacein  {Jar-da' 'se-in)  [ME.,  larden.  lard].  An 
animal  proteid,  an  indigestible  amyloid  substance, 
chiefly  occurring  as  a  pathologic  infiltration  into 
various  organs,  as  the  liver,  or  spleen. 

Lardaceous  (lar-daf -she-us)  [ME.,  larden,  lard].  See 
Amyloid.      L.  Kidney.     See  Brigkfs  Disease. 

Larinoid  {Jar' '-in-oid)  [2,aptv6g,  fat;  eldog,  like].  Lar- 
daceous ;   as  larinoid  carcinoma. 

Larix  [la'-riks)  [L.,  gen.  Lands'].  Larch.  The  dried 
bark  of  Larix  europaa,  the  European  larch,  similar 
in  action  to  balsamic  and  terebinthinate  remedies.  It 
is  expectorant,  stimulant,  and  astringent.  L.,  Tinct. 
(B.P.)      Dose    rr^xx-xxx.     See,  also.  Tamarac. 

Larkspur  [lark' -spur).  The  seed  of  Delphinium  con- 
solida,  a  diuretic  and  emmenagogue.  Dose  of  the  fid. 
ext.,  TT\j— x.     Unof. 

Larnaude's    Disinfecting-fluid.     A  solution  of  zinc 

,     sulphate  containing  a  little  copper  sulphate. 

Larrey's  Amputation.  See  Operations ,  Table  of \  L.'s 
Apparatus,  a  form  of  immovable  dressing  made  by 
saturating  the  bandages  in  a  mixture  of  camphorated 
spirit,  lead-water,  and  white  of  egg.  L.'s  Bandage. 
See  Bandage. 

Lartigue's  Pills.  Pills  used  in  the  treatment  of  gout, 
containing  compound  extract  of  colchicum  20  parts, 
and  extract  of  digitalis,  one  part. 

Larva  {lar'-vali)  [larva,  a  ghost:  pi.  Larva:].  The 
young  stage  of  such  animals  as  undergo  transformation. 
The  form  that  insects  take  in  emerging  from  the  egg, 
commonly  known  as  the  caterpillar  or  "grub"  stage. 
Also,  applied  to  the  immature  form  distinguishing  many 
of  the  lower  vertebrates  before  maturity.    L.,  Loven's, 


the  young  of  the  marine  worm  polygordius.  L.. 
Miiller's,  the  free  swimming  young  of  the  polyclad 
platodes,  Thysanozoon  and    Yungia. 

Larvaceous  (jar-va/ -she-us),  Larval  {Jar'-val)  [la 
a  mask].     <  overing  the  face  like  a  mask. 

Larval  [larva,  a  ghost],  r.  Pertaining  to  or  existing 
in  the  condition  of  a  larva.  2.  Same  as  Larvace- 
ous. L.  Paludism.  See  Dumb  Ague.  L.  Pneu- 
monia. See  Pneumonia.  L.  Scarlatina,  a  mild 
case  of  scarlet  fever  in  which  the  rash  is  absent. 

Larvate  {Jar'-v&i)  [larvatus,  masked].  <  oncealed; 
masked  ;  applied  to  diseases  and  conditions  that  are 
hidden  by  more  obvious  conditions,  or  by  some  pecu- 
liarity of  their  symptoms. 

Larviform  {Jar'-vif-orni)  [larva,  a  larva;  forma, 
shape].      Resembling  or  being  a  larva. 

Larvigerous  Uar-vif -er-us)  [larva,  ghost,  mask  ;  gererr, 
arry].      In  biology,  bearing  the  larval  skin. 

Larviparous   {lar-vip* -ar-us)   [/ana,  larva;  pare; 
bring   forth].      In  biology,  bringing   forth    young   that 
have  leached  the  larval  state. 

Larvivorous   {Jar-vh  [larva,  larva;  vorare,\.o 

devour].      In  biology,  feeding  on  larvae. 

Laryngalgia  {Jar-in-gal'-je-ah)  [Tdipv)  ~,  larynx;  SAyoc, 
pain].      Pain  or  neuralgia  of  the  larynx. 

Laryngeal  (lar-in' '-je-al)  [Aapvyt;,  larynx].  Per- 
taining to  the  larynx.  L.  Artery.  See 
1  able  of.  L.  Cough,  an  hysteric  manifestation  in 
young  women.  It  is  a  paroxysmal  cough,  with  a  pe- 
culiar hoarse  and  muffled  sound,  like  the  barking  of  a 
dog.  L.  Crisis,  an  acute  laryngeal  spasm,  occurring 
in  the  course  of  tabes  dorsalis.  L.  Dilator,  an  in- 
strument designed  to  dilate  the  larynx,  when  the  latter 
has  become  constricted  by  cicatricial  tissues,  or  from 
other  causes.  L.  Edema,  infiltration  of  a  fluid  or 
semi-fluid  into  the  submucous  connective  tissue  of  the 
larynx.  It  is  usually  associated  with  some  disease  or 
injury  of  the  larynx,  and  occurs  mainly  between  the 
eighteenth  and  thirty-fifth  years.  It  is  characterized 
by  dyspnea  and  dysphagia  L.  Epilepsy,  a  peculiar 
neurosis  of  the  larynx  characterized  by  a  sense  of 
suffocation  during  sleep.  There  is  no  discoverable 
lesion.  L.  Mirror,  a  small  circular,  silvered-glass 
mirror  used  in  laryngoscopy.  L.  Nerve.  See 
Nerves,  Table  of.  L.  Paralysis,  a  loss  of  power 
of  some  or  of  all  of  the  muscles  of  the  larynx.  L. 
Pouch.  See  Pouch.  L.  Reflex.  See  Reflexes, 
Table  of.  L.  Spaces,  the  upper,  middle,  and  lower 
parts  into  which  the  larynx  may  be  conveniently  di- 
vided.    L.  Vertigo.     See  Vertigo  and  L.  Epilepsy : 

Laryngectomy  {lar-in-gek' '-to-me)  [lapvyl-,  larynx; 
cKmiiij,  a  cutting  out].  An  operation  for  the  extir- 
pation of  the  larynx. 

Laryngemphraxis  (iar-in-zem-fraks'-is)  ['/a  p  1  ;  f , 
larynx  ;  iuopn^ic,  stoppage].  Closure  or  obstruction 
of  the  larynx. 

Laryngismal  {l/ir-iu-fiz'-mal)  [/apvyyi^siv,  to  vocifer- 
ate].     Relating  to  laryngismus. 

Laryngismus  Uar-in-jiz/-mus)  [Aopu] ;  ireiv,  to  vocifer- 
ate]. A  term  loosely  applied  to  various  spasmodic 
affections  of  the  larynx,  ftich  as  epileptic  spa>m. 
Laryngeal  Epilepsy.  L.  paralyticus,  a  paralysis  of 
the  recurrent  laryngeal  nerve  in  horses,  producing 
the  affection  called  "roaring."  L.  stridulus, 
laryngc  >spasm  ;  spasmodic  croup ;  spasm  of  the 
glottis.  A  spasmodic  affection  of  the  larynx,  mainly 
confined  to  the  early  period  of  childhood.  There 
i-  a  sudden  arrest  of  respiration,  with  increasing 
cyanosis,  followed  by  long,  loud  crowing  inspirations. 
This  affection  occurs  in  rachitic  children  and  especially 
in  such  as  are  of  the  neurotic  tendency.  The  attack 
may  be   severe  enough  to  terminate  life. 


l.AK\  NGOT  'MY 


■ 
: 


iiil.l- 

I..,    Croupou 

L...   D: 

into 

com- 

i  the  mu 
I.  ,     Glandular 

■■>:     L., 
i   with    li  bj    "t 

L.,    Membranous. 

L., 
L.,  Poly- 
by    the 
I.  lembranous,  .in  inflammation 

\  tlie 
whitish 
.ml    different  deg 
met   with  between  the 

-nial 

.  with 

;:ii  frequently 

L  .   Serous.  fta.     L., 

L.,  Spas- 
modic ism  of  the  glottis. 
L.,  Stridulou  with  stridor.  L.,  Sub- 
mucous. 

Suffocative,  diphtheria.     L.,  Tuber- 

\     chronic,    u>u- 

:ie   larynx  due  to   the 

■  inliltra- 

I     of    the    cartilages. 

L.,    Ulcerative.  of 

rynx  ;  kok<5c, 

.  larynx; 
incision 

,    larynx  ; 
I  »i\  ision  of  the 
'  ■ 

.    larynx  ; 

.logical  V-ik,  lar- 

i 
"'■"  .    larynx; 


culous 


L., 


>necr 


' 


, 


irynx  ; 

mix; 


,    risible].      An    artificial    larynx    designed   for 
illustrative  purposes. 

Laryngopharyngeal  {Jar-in'-go  far-in' '-je-at)  [>"/»,  f, 
larynx;  .   pharynx].     Pertaining  conjointly  to 

larynx  and  pharynx. 

Laryngo-pharynx  {lar-in* -go-far* -inks)  [X&pvyij,  lar- 
yn  -.  pharynx].     The   inferior  portion  of  the 

pharynx.      It  extends  from  the  greatei    cornuaofthe 
byoid  bone  to  the  inferior  border  of  the  cricoid  cartilage. 

Laryngophony  {Jar  .  larynx;  - 

voice].      rhe  sound  of  the  voice  observed  in  auscul- 
tation of  the  larynx   with  the  stethoscope;  also,  the 
tnd  of  the  voice  observed  in  auscultation  of  a  large 
cavity  in  the  lung. 

Laryngophthisis  {Jar-in-goff* -this-is)  [Xipvyf;,  larynx; 
,  wasting].      1  aryngeal  tuberculosis. 

Laryngoplasty  (/<//-./, 

f,  larynx  ;  irXdooeiv,  to  shape]. 
Plastic  surgery  or  operation  upon 
the  larynx. 

Laryngoplegia     {Jar-in-go-ple* '-je-aX) 

c;-,  larynx;  -///;//.  stroke],  V^ 
Paralysis  of  one  or  more  muscles  of  ^^ 
the  larynx. 

Laryngorrhagia  {Jar-in-gor-a' '-je-aK) 
[hapvyjj,  larynx;  pt/yvvvac,  to  burst 
forth].    Hemorrhage  from  the  larynx. 

Laryngorrhea   {Jar  in-gor-e' '-ah)  [/</-        a 
.-,   Iaryn  .    a    flow],      Kx- 

ces-  retion    of  the    laryngeal 

mucosa,  especially  on  attempting  to 
use  the  organ. 

Laryngoscope    {Jar-in* -go-skop)   [/</- 
.-,  larynx  ;  okotceIv,  to  examine]. 
An    instrument    for   examination  of 
the  interior  of  the  larynx. 

Laryngoscopist  {Jar-in-gos* '-ko-pist) 
[Xdpiryi;,  larynx;  anoweiv,  to  ex- 
amine].    An  expert  in  laryngoscopy. 

Laryngoscopy  {lar-in-gos* -ko-pe)  [>'/- 
pvyl;,  larynx;  OKOntiv,  to  examine]. 
I  amination  of  the  interior  of  the 
larynx  by  means  of  the  laryngoscope. 

L,axyngOSJ>asm  (Zar-in*-go-spazm )  [Aa- 
pvyij,  larynx  ;  n~aniiac, spasm].  Spas- 
modic contraction  or  closure  of  the 
glottis;  spasmodic  croup,  as  distin- 
guished from  inflammatory  croup. 

Laryngospasmopsellismus  {Jar-in- 
<-spaz-mop-sel-iz* -mus)  \7uapvy%,  la- 
rynx ;  pa  mi  ;  ipeXTua 
stammering].  Spasmodic  stammer- 
ing of  laryngeal  origin,  without  the 
utterance  of  words.  _     Laryngoscopy 

Laryngostasis  {Jar-in-go-stas* -is)  [/«-         Mirrors. 

.-,     larynx  ;     oraoiQ,    stagnation],   a  Small,  b.  Large. 
Synonym  of  Croup. 

Laryngo-stenosis  {Jar-in* -go-ste-no* -sis)  [/•"/«'}  5,  lar- 
ynx; orevwoig,  contraction].  Contraction  in  size  or 
in  caliber  of  the  larynx. 

Laryngosyrinx   {lar-in-go-si* -ringks)    [X&pvyt;,  larynx; 
pipe:  pl.t  Laryngosyringes\.   A  laryngeal  tube. 

Laryngotome  {Jar-in* -go-toni)  [Xdpwyf,  larynx;  Toufj,  a 
cutting].      A   cutting-instrument  Used  in  laryngotomy. 

Laryngotomy  (/.  '-o-tne)   [Xapvy!;,  larynx;   ri/t- 

cut].     The  operation  of  i n<  ision  of  the  larynx. 

L.,    Complete,    incision    of   the    larynx    through    its 

whole   length.      L.,   Median,  incision  into  the  larynx 

through    the  thyroid    cartilage.      L.,   Subhyoid,    in- 

the  larynx    through   the   thyro-hyoid  mem 

L.,  Superior,  and  L.,  Thyro-hyoid,  incision 

into  the  larynx  through  the  thyro-hyoid  membrane. 


LARYNGO-TRACHEAL 


661 


I. A  I  i  RAL 


Laryngotracheal  [lar-in' '-go-tra' '-ke-al)  [lapvyt;,  lar- 
ynx; Tpaxela,  the  windpipe].     Pertaining  conjointly 

to  the  larynx  and  tin-  trachea. 

Laryngotracheitis  {lar-in  pw  tra-ke-if -tis)  [>"/<''.  i',  lar- 
ynx; rpa%eiv,  windpipe;  tnf,  inflammation].  Inflam- 
mation of  the  larynx  and  the  trachea. 

Laryngotracheopyra  [lar-in-go  tra  ke  op/-ir-aA),  Sy- 
nonym of  Croup. 

Laryngotracheotomy  [lar-in-go-tra-  ke-ot'-o-me)  \%ap- 
/'•-.larynx;  rpa%e la,  windpipe  ;  Top.ii,  cutting].  That 
form  of   the  operation  of   tracheotomy  in  which  the 

cricoid  cartilage,  and  ■  or  more  of  the   upper  rings 

of  the  trachea  arc-  divided. 

Laryngo-typhoid     [lar-in' '-go-H' '-J 'aid) ,    Laryngoty- 
phus      {Jar-in* -go-ti'-f us)   [papvyg,     larynx;     ri 
smoke].      I'yphoid  fever  associated  with  marked  laryn- 
geal complications. 

Larynx  [lar'-inks)  \7vapvyt-,  larynx].  The  upper  part 
of  the  air  passage  between  the  trachea  and  the  base 
of  the  tongue.     It  comprises  three  single  cartilages,  the 


th.-hyoid 
M.  st.  th. 


trach. 


Larynx,  Front  View,  Showing  the  Ligaments  and 
Insertion  of  Muscles. 
O.h.  Os  hyoides.  C.  th.  Thyroid  cartilage.  Corp.trit.  Cor- 
pus triticeum,  or  lesser  cornu  of  tliehyoid  bone.  C.c.  Cricoid 
cartilage.  C.  tr.  Tracheal  i  artilage.  Lig.  thyr  -hyoid  med. 
Middle  thyro-hyoid  ligament.  Lig.  th.-h.  lot.  Lateral  thyro- 
hyoid ligament.  Lig.  cric-.-thyr.  med.  Middle  crico-thyroid 
ligament.  Lig.  eric -trach  Crico-tracheal  ligament.  M.st-h. 
Sterno-hyoid  muscle.  M.  th.-hyoid.  Thyro-hyoid  muscle. 
M.  st.-th.  Sterno-thyroid  muscle.  M.  cr.-th.  Crico-thyroid 
muscle. 

thyroid,  the  cricoid,  and  the  epiglottis,  and  three  pairs 
of  cartilages,  the  arytenoids  and  those  of  Santorini  and 
Wrisberg.  It  is  lined  by  an  extremely  sensitive  mucosa, 
which  is  thrown  into  two  transverse,  lipped  folds  that 
constitute  the  vocal  bands. 

Lascivious  [las-it/ -e-us)  [lascivia,  wantonness].  Li- 
bidinous.    Wanton.      Having  an  unlawful  desire. 

Laser  (la'-scr)  [L.].  I.  A  gum-resin  highly  prized  by 
the  ancients  ;  probably  the  same  as  Asadulcis,  q.  v. 
2.   The  resin  of  Laserpitium  latifoliutn.     Unof. 

Laser,  Bacillus  of.  See  Bacteria,  Synonymatic  Tabic 
of 

Laserpitium  [las-er-pish' -e-ttm)  [I-]-  A  genus  of  res- 
inous and  umbelliferous  old-world  herbs,  various  spe- 


-  of  which  have  been  employed  in  medicine.  L. 
latifolium,  or  laserwort,  i-  tonic  and  stimulant;  its 
root  abounds  in  a  cathartic  gum-resin.      Unof. 

Lash  [ME.,  la  he,  the  Sexible  end  of  a  whip].  An 
eye  lash, 

Lassaigne's  Test.     See  Semen  and  Tests,  Table  of. 

Lassar's  Paste.  A  iia.--teu-.eil  in  tin-  treatment  of  ery- 
ma  intertrigo.  It  consists  of  salicylic  acid  30 
grain-,  oxid  of  zinc  and  powdered  starch  each  6 
drams,  vaselin  _'  ounces.  This  is  spread  over  the 
involved  area.  It  is  curative  and  affords  protection 
from  discharges. 

Lassitude    {las' -it-iid)    \lassitudo ;    lassus,   tired].       A 
exhaustion  or   weakness,  arising   from  causes 
Other  than    fatigue. 

Lasso-cell.  <  >ne  of  the  peculiar  filiferous  cell  like 
structures  of  celenterates,  having  the  power  <>\  throw- 
ing out  withgreat  rapidity  the  contained  thread,  which 
produces  a  stinging  sensation  when  brought  in  contact 
with  the  skin  ;  a  nettling  cell  ;    an  urticating  01 

Lata,  or  Latah  {la' -tali)  [Jav.].    An    hysl  urosis 

locally  prevalent  in  Java,  nearly  identical  with  the 
disorder  of  the  jumpers  in  Maine  and  <  anada,  and 
with  the  myriachit  of  Siberia.  The  will  and  the 
motor  center.-,  appear  to  lack  coordination,  and  the 
patient  becomes  to  some  extent  obedient  to  the  will  of 
others,  in  spite  of  his  own  volitions.  See  Palmus 
and  Chorea,  Automatic. 

Latebra  [latf -eb-rah)  [/atebra.n  hiding-]. lace  :  //.,  I.at- 
ebrie~\.  In  biology,  the  central  space  of  the  food-yolk 
of  a  meroblastic  ovum. 

Latebricole  [lat-eb* '-rik-ol)  [latebra,  a  hiding-place; 
colore,  to  dwell].  In  biology,  inhabiting  a  hiding- 
place,  as  certain  spiders,  crabs,  etc. 

Latency  (/a' -tense)  [latere,  to  be  hid].  The  condition 
of  being  latent  or  concealed. 

Latent  (la'-tcnt)  [latere,  to  be  hid].  Concealed.  Not 
manifest.  In  physics,  applied  to  heat  that  apparently 
disappears  when  a  liquid  is  vaporized  or  a  solid  melted. 
L.  Period,  the  time  required  for  the  incubation  of  a 
disease.      L.  Squint.     See  Insufficiency. 

Laterad  [lat'-er-ad)  \_latus,  the  side  ;  ad,  to].  Toward 
the  lateral  aspect. 

Lateral  \latf-er-al)  [lateralis,  belonging  to  the  side]. 
At,  belonging  to,  or  pertaining  to  the  side.  Situated  on 
either  side  of  the  median  vertical  plane.  See  /' 
and  Direction,  7 able  of.  L.  Column,  that  column  of 
the  spinal  cord  between  the  ventral  and  dorsolateral 
fissures.  L.  Ginglymus,  an  articulation  in  which  a 
pivot  turns  within  a  ring  or  a  ring  around  a  pivot.  L. 
Laparo-nephrectomy,  Langenbuch's  operation.  See 
Operations,  Table  of.  L.  Line,  in  biology,  a  very 
delicate  organ  of  sense,  usually  tubular,  that  runs 
along  each  side  of  almost  all  fishes.  According  to 
M.  de  Sede.  it  is  sensitive  to  the  faintest  movements 
of  the  water,  giving  the  fish  continual  information 
as  to  the  state  of  the  medium  in  which  it  lives.  L. 
Operation,  that  form  of  operation  in  lithotomy  in 
which  the  opening  is  made  on  the  right  or  left  side  of 
the  perineum.  L.  Organs.  See  Organs.  L.  Plates, 
the  part  of  the  mesoblast  lying  external  to  the  pro- 
vertebra.'.  L.  Sclerosis,  Amyotrophic,  a  disease  of 
the  lateral  columns  and  anterior  gray  matter  of  the  cord. 
It  is  characterized  by  motor  weakness  and  a  spa-tic  con- 
dition of  the  limbs,  associated  with  atrophy  of  the 
muscles  and  final  involvement  of  the  nuclei  in  the 
medulla  oblongata.  The  cause  is  unknown,  and  death 
may  result  in  from  two  to  three  years.  L.  Sclerosis, 
Primary,  Spasmodic  Tabes  dorsalis ;  Spasmodic  Spinal 
Paralysis  :  Spastic  Paraplegia  :  a  sclerotic  disease  of 
the  crossed  pyramidal  tracts  of  the  cord  characterized 
by  paralysis    of    the    limbs,   with   rigidity,   increased 


I  IV 


I..    Sclert 

L. 

d  in 

.l.i.      L. 

i  the 

.  the 

liment  D 

n  \u,  horn]. 

the  bill-sh 


urn- 

:,>!)■    See 

•',    a 
if. 
step]- 

have 

;     rectus, 
luscle.      See 

.  side  ; 
Pi  •Mining 
L.  Posture,  S 

iorly. 
.  lateral  ; 
the  neck. 

urn , 
upper 

••roflexion   (  '    hun) 

d],       Flexion    or 


>n  iteral  ; 

Re- 

■ 


ide  ; 
n     the 


LAI  DANUM 

to  turn").  A  term  applied  to  the  deviation  of  the 
uterus  from  the  central  position.  It  may  be  quite  con- 
sistent with  health  and  require  no  treatment 

l  ate  .  ■  L I  ■  ■  liquid  :  //. ,  Latices\     1  he  sap  or 

the  the  tubes  or  vessels  oi  plants.     L.-cells, 

c<  |  to  latex  or  milky  juice. 

Latham's  Theory.     A  theorj  as  to  the  constitution  of 

the  proteid  molecule;  it  chums  that  the  living  proteid 

lol  achainofcyanalcohols.orcyanhydrins, 

as  they  are  sometinn  ied,   united  to  a  benzene 

nucleus. 
Lathyrin   [lath' -ir-in)    [XaBvpig,  pulse].     A  bitter  ex- 
tractive of  lathyrus, 
Lathyrism  (lath' -ir-izni)  [Udvpig,  pulse].     Lupuiosis; 
an  affection,  observed  only  in  males,  produced  by  the 
use  J    from   varieties   of   vetches,   chiefly  the 

xtivus  and  L.  cicera.     The  grain  is  popu- 
larly  known    as  the    chick-pea.     It   gives   rise    to    a 
form    of   spastic    paraplegia,    with    tremor,    involving 
chiefly  the  legs,   and  this  may  proceed   to  complete 
gia.     There  is  exaggeration  of  the  knee-jerk 
and    ankle-clonus.     The    arms    are   rarely,    if    ever, 
cted.      li  appears  to  be  a  slow  sclerosis  induced  by 
this  toxic  agent. 
Lathyrus    (lath'-ir-us)    [Aadvptr,   pulse].     A  genus  of 
leguminous  plants.     L.   cicera,   a  species  of  vetch, 
commonly    known    as    "chick-pea."      L.    sativus. 
See  Lathyrism. 
Latibulum  (la-tib> '-u-lum)  [L.,  latere,  to  lie  hid].     A 

lurking-plac  ■  for  disease,  infection,  or  poison. 
Laticiferous   (lat-is-if '-er-us)    [latex,   liquid  ;  ferre,  to 
bear].     In  biology,  producing  or  containing  latex,  or 
milky  juice. 
Laticostate    (lat-ik-os' -tat)    \latus,  broad;   costa,  rib]. 

Having  1  in  pad  ribs. 
Latifia   (la-tif-e'-ah)   [Cf.   Ratafia'].     An    alcoholic  li- 
queur, or  aromatic  cordial,  with  tonic  drugs,  as  gentian, 
cherry-bark,   quassia,   and    rhubarb;    it  is  called  also 
Dutch  bitters. 
Latifoliate     [lat-if-o> '-le-at)     [/a/us,    broad;   folium,    a 

leaf] .     1  i  ved. 

Latipennate    (lat-ip-en' -at)    \latus,   broad;   penuatus, 

winged].      Tn  biology,  broad-winged. 
Latipennine  (lat-ip-en' -in).      Same  as  Latipennate. 
Latissimus  (lat-is' -im-us)  [superl.  of  la/us,  wide].    An 
adjective  signifying  widest.      It  is  used    as   descrip- 
tive   of    certain    muscles.      L.    colli.     See    Muscles 
itysma     myoides),     Table    of.      L.    dorsi.      See 
Muscles,  Table  of. 
Latrine     (la-trln')    [Fr.].       A   water-closet    or    privy, 

ecially  one  in  a  public  place  or  institution. 
Lattice-work  of  the  Thalamus.     The  formatio  retic- 
ularis, 1/   7'. 
Latus   (la'-tus)   [L.].     P.road.     L.    ani,  synonym    of 

Levator  ani.     See  Muscles,   Table  of. 
Laudable     (law' -da-bl)    {laudabilis,    or    laudandum, 
liseworthy].      Formerly,  indicative  of  a  healthy  or 
improving  condition  ;  characterizing  an  active  inflam- 
mation, as  laudable  pus.     (Obs.). 
Laudanin  (law1 '-dan-in)  [Tiddavov,  a  gum],  <  '.,„!  IrN04. 
One  of  the  alkaloids  of  opium.      It  is  soluble  in  chlo- 
roform and  in  alkaline  solutions. 
Laudanosin       (law-dan' -o-sin)      [X&Savov,    a     gum], 

il,-\'i»r  \  crystallizable  alkaloid  of  opium. 
Laudanum  (lod'-an-um)  [derivation  undetermined; 
by  some  derived  from  laudatum  medicamentum,  the 
praiseworthy  drug;  l>v  others  from  laude  dignum, 
irthy  of  praise;  by  others,  again,  from  Ladanum~\. 
Tinctura  opii.  See  Opium.  L.,  Liquid.  Synonym  of 
Vinum  opii.  Sec  Opium.  L.,  Rousseau's,  a  prepa- 
ration used  in  Belgium,  France,  and  Mexico,  consisting 
of  opium,  h  ir-yeast,  water,  and  alcohol.      L., 


LA  EG  1 1 


663 


LAW 


Sydenham's.     Synonym  of  J'iuum  opii.     L.,  War- 
ner's, an  ammoniated  tincture  of  opium.      Unof. 

Laugh  [lahf )  [ME.,  laughen,  to  laugh].  I.  To  make 
an  audible  expression  of  mirth.  2.  The  audible  expres- 
sion of  mirth.  L.,  Canine,  L.,  Sardonic.  Synonyms 
of  Ristts  sardonicus ,  </.  v. 

Laughing,  or  Laughter  [lahf-ing,  lahff-ter)  [Ml  , 
laughen,  to  Laugh].  A  succession  of  rhythmic,  spas- 
modic expirations  with  open  glottis  and  \  ibration  of  the 
vocal  bands.  L.  Gas,  nitrous  oxid,  or  protoxid  of 
nitrogen.  See  Nitrous  Oxid  and  Anesthetics.  L. 
Muscle,  the  risorius.     See  MuscL  r,  Table  of. 

Laugier's  Hernia.      See  Hernia  and  Diseases,  Table  of. 

Laumonier's  Ganglion.  The  superior  carotid  gan- 
glion. 

Laurel  {law'-rel,  lor'-el)  [laurus].  See  Cherry-laurel, 
California  Laurel,  Great  Laurel,  Kalmia,  Laiirus. 
L. -water,  aqua  laurocera-.i.     See  Chert y-laurel. 

Laurer,  Canal  of.     See  Canal. 

Laurin  {lavZ-rin)  [laurus,  laurel] ,  C„_,II.1(/  ).,.  A  fatty, 
crystallizable  substance  obtainable  from  the  berries  of 
the  European  laurel,  Lauras  nobilis. 

Lauro-cerasus  [law-ro-ser1 '-as-us)  [laurus,  laurel ; 
cerasus,  cherry-tree].  See  Cherry- laurel.  Lauro- 
cerasi  folia,  the  leaves  of  the  European  cherry-laurel. 

Laurus  [laiv'-rus)  [L.].  A  genus  of  old-world  trees 
and  shrubs;  the  true  laurels.  Formerly  the  plants 
that  produce  benzoin , camphor,  cassia,  cinnamon,  etc., 
were  assigned  to  this  genus,  but  at  present  it  is  much 
restricted  by  botanists.  L.  nobilis,  the  noble  laurel,  is 
indigenous  in  the  south  of  Europe.  Its  fragrant  oils 
(one  essential,  from  the  leaves,  and  the  other  fixed, 
from  the  berries)  are  chiefly  used  in  liniments.     Unof. 

L-auryl  {lavZ-ril)  [laurus,  laurel],  G,.,!!.,-.  A  univa- 
lent radicle,  the  hydrid  of  which  is  dodecane. 

Laurylene  {law'-ril-en)  [laurus,  laurel],  C,,H.,4.  A 
liquid  with  a  high  boiling-point,  found  in  certain 
mineral  oils. 

Lauth's  Ligament.  See  Ligament.  L.'s  Violet. 
See  Pigments.  Conspectus  of. 

Lava  (lah'-vah)  [L. ,  a  flood  or  torrent].  The  molten 
ejecta  of  a  volcano. 

Lavage  Uav-ahzh')  [Fr.].  Irrigation  or  washing  out  of 
an  organ,  such  as  the  stomach,  the  bowel,  etc. 

Lavamentum  [lav-am-en' -turn)  [lavare,  to  wash].  An 
injection. 

Lavandula  (lav-an'-du-lah).     See  Lavender. 

Lavater,  Angle  of.     See  An 

Lavatera  {lav-at-e' -rah)  [after  the  two  Lavaters,  phy- 
sicians of  Zurich].  A  genus  of  malvaceous  trees, 
shrubs,  and  herbs,  natives  of  the  old  world.  L. 
thuringiaca,  L.  triloba,  and  others  abound  in 
mucilage,  and  are  used  as  demulcent  remedies.     Unof. 

Lavation  {lav-a1 '-shun)  [lavatio,  from  lavere,  to  wash]. 
Lavage.  L.  of  the  Blood,  intravenous  injection  of 
water. 

Lavatory  (lav'-al-or-e)  [lavatorium,  aplace  for  bathing]. 
A  wash  or  lotion  for  a  diseased  part. 

Lave    [lav)  [lavare,  to  wash].      To  wash;  bathe. 

Lavel  {la'-vel)  [Prov.  Eng.].  A  local  name  for  the 
epiglottis. 

L,avem-znt  (lar'-weut)  [lavare,  to  wash].  I.  Awash; 
the  act  of  washing.      2.    A  clyster  or  enema. 

Lavender  (lav'-en-der)  [lavare,  to  wash].  The  flowers 
of  Lavandula  vera,  having  properties  due  to  a  volatile 
oil.  It  is  aromatic,  stimulant,  and  carminative,  but  is 
used  mainly  as  a  flavor  and  as  an  adjuvant  to  other  medi- 
cines. Lavandulae,  Ol.,  the  volatile  oil  distilled 
from  the  whole  herb.  Dose  mj-v.  L.,  Ol.,  Flo- 
rum,  the  oil  distilled  from  the  fresh  flowers;  prefer- 
able to  the  preceding.  Dose  rT\j-v.  A  constituent 
of    Spt.   edoratus.     L.,   Spirit  of,  5  p.irts  of  the  oil 


in  95  of  alcohol  ;  a  perfume.  Dose  3SS_J-  ^., 
Tinct.,  Comp.,  oil  of  lavender  8,  oil  of  rosemary  2, 
cinnamon  IN,  cloves  4,  nutmeg  IO,  red  saunders  8, 
alcohol  680,  water  270,  dilute  alcohol  to  make  1000. 
Dose     3 SS— ij .        A    constituent    of    fowler's    solution. 

To  tin-  labiate  genus  Lavandula  also  belong  Z.  spica, 
or  broad  lavender  (which  furnishes  the  oil  of  spike), 

and  other  medicinal  specie-,. 

Laveran's  Corpuscles,  or  Plasmodia.  The  Plas- 
modia malaria,  first  described  by  Laveran  as  Os- 
eillaria  malaria.  See  Parasites  {Animal),  Tabic  of, 
and  Plasmodium. 

Laville's  Liquid  Mixture,  or  Antigout  Remedy.  A 
mixture  used  in  acute  rheumatism.  It  is  said  to  be  a 
tincture    of   quinin    and  thin,    but    very  prob- 

ably the  active  principle  in  it  is  colocynthin.  See 
Coloeynthis. 

Lavipedium    {lav-ip-ef-de-um  -,  to  wash;  pes, 

foot].     A  foot-bath  ;  a  pediluvium. 

Law  {la?c)  [ME.,  lawe,  a  law].  A  generalized  and 
epitomized  statement  of  fact-.  A  general  rule,  or 
constant  mode  of  action  of  forces,  or  phenomena.  A 
rule  of  action  prescribed  by  authority.  See  Jurispru- 
,1  nee.  L.  of  Abridged  Transmission,  the  forms 
assumed  by  an  individual  in  its  ontogeny  differ  some- 
what from  the  accepted  ancestral  type.  L.  of  Adap- 
tation, the  law  that  a  living  organism,  under  wha 
ever  conditions,  will  mould  itself  into  harmony  with 
those  conditions,  and  thus  continue  its  existence, 
whether  in  a  more  perfect  or  less  perfect  form.  L., 
Angstrom's,  of  Absorption-spectra,  the  "  rays  that 
a  substance  absorbs  are  precisely  those  that  it  emits 
when  made  self-luminous."  L.,  Ampere's.  See 
Ampere.  L.  of  Avogadro,  equal  volumes  of  all  gases 
and  vapors,  at  like  temperature  and  like  pressure,  con- 
tain an  equal  number  of  molecules.  L.,  Baer's,  the 
principle  that  the  evolution  of  any  animal  form  is 
determined,  first,  by  increasing  histologic  and  morpho- 
logic differentiation,  and  secondly,  by  transition  from  a 
more  general  to  a  more  specific  type.  L.,  Bell's,  the 
law  that  the  ventral  roots  of  the  spinal  nerves  are 
motor,  and  the  dorsal  sensory.  See  also  Wallerian 
D  :  neration.  L.,  Berthollet's,  when  two  salts  in 
solution  can  by  double  decomposition  produce  a  salt 
less  soluble  than  either,  this  salt  will  be  produced. 
L.,  Boudin's,  that  antagoni.-m  exists  between  tuber- 
culosis and  malaria.  L.,  Boyle's,  at  any  given 
temperature  the  volume  of  a  given  mass  of  gas  varies 
inversely  to  the  pressure  that  it  bears.  This  is  also 
called  Mariotte's  lav.  L.,  Brewster's,  the  angle  of 
polarization  of  a  body  is  equal  to  that  angle  of  incidence 
at  which  the  reflected  rays  are  at  right  angles  to 
those  refracted.  L.,  Charles's,  equal  increments 
of  temperature  add  equal  amounts  to  the  product  of 
the  volume  and  pressure  of  a  given  mass  of  gas.  The 
increase  is  ^1T  of  its  volume  measured  at — 2730  ('., 
which  is  the  zero  of  absolute  temperature.  L., 
Colles',  a  child  born  of  a  mother  who  is  without  ob- 
vii  ius  venereal  symptoms,  and  which,  without  being  ex- 
posed to  any  infection  subsequent  to  it>  birth, 
symptoms  of  syphilis  when  a  few  weeks  old.  can  infect 
the  most  healthy  nurse,  whether  she  suckle  it  or  merely 
handle  and  dress  it.  while  it  will  not  infect  its  own 
mother,  even  though  >he  suckle  it  while  it  has  venereal 
ulcers  of  the  lip- and  tongue.  L.  of  Contemporane- 
ous Transmission,  changes  in  an  individual  appear 
at  the  same  time  as  they  appeared  in  its  ancestor.  L.. 
Coulomb's,  the  force  of  attraction  or  repulsion  between 
two  charges  of  electricity  is  proportional  to  the  quantity 
of  electricity  acting,  and  inversely  proportional  to  the 
square  of  the  distance  between  them.  L.,  Dalton's, 
or  L.,  Dalton-Henry's,  although  the  volume  of  a  gas 


the 

I     through 
L.   Dom! 

;he 

:otonus,   in 

.  the 

uinished. 
c-ntnc  Sensations,    that 

•    tile 

.uan- 
■  g  upon  it. 

i  the 
elec- 

ition 

• 

I  the 
:  the 
rithm 

\ 

two 

I..,  Fleischl's,  of  Con- 
• 

mctional  Sub- 
1-.,  Gay-Lussac's 

i 

. 
L.,  Graham's,  ll 

in  in  - 
L.,  Gud- 

■ 
I-  .  1 !  i    kel'a  Kun- 

■ 

I  I..,    Hilt 

r  the 
L.    of     nomotopic 


LAW 

L.,  Hook  and  Gravesande's,  of  Elasticity, 
that  the  tension  is  directly  proportionate  to  the  length 
of ,  ctended,  and  to  the  amount  "i  the  extend- 

.ind  that  it  is  also  inversely  proportionate 
to  the  d  ofthe  extended  body.    L.,  Huxley's, 

tllL.  eren     >  bei  ween  man  and  the   higher 

ss  marked  than  those  between  the  higher 
lower  apes.      L.,  Joule's,  the  heating-power 
rtional  to  the  product  "I   the  resist- 
square  ol  the  current-strength,  and  the  time  the 
current  flows.   L.,  Kirchhoff's, in  electricity :   i.  The 
sum  of  all  thepositive  i  urrents  is  equal  to  the  sum  of  all 
the  negative  currents,  and,  hence,  if  we  add  these,  the 
2.    I  he  sum  of  all  the  electromotive 
s   in  any  circuit   is  equal   to  the  sum  of  all   the 
products  obtained  by  multiplying  the  separate  currents 
by   |  tances  through    which  they   are   (lowing. 

i.  In  optics,  the  law  that  a  transparent  body  absorbs 
of  light  passing  through  it  those  rays  which 
it  emits  in  the  incandescent  state.  See  L.,  Angstrdn?  -. 
L.,  Kofacker-Sadler's,  a  law  as  to  the  cause  of  the 
differenci  From  a  study  of  80,000  cases  these 

-  conclude  that  it"  the  husband  is  youngei  than 
wife  there  an- a-  many  boysas  girls;  if  both  are  of 
the  sam  re  are  1029  boys  to  1000  girls;  if  the 

husband  is  older,  1057  hoy-,  toiooogirls.   L.,  Kopp's 
■  1,  the  addition  of  CH2  to  members  of 
in     homologous    series     of    chemic     compounds 
raises  the  l«>iling-point  about  IQ.50  C.     L.,  Lenz's, 
the  law  in  eltctro-magnetic  induction  that  the  direction 
of  induced  currents  is  such  that  their  reaction  arre-ts 
the  motion  that  produce.-,  them.      L.,  Levert's,  that 
in  placenta  prsevia  there  is  a  marginal  insertion  of  the 
cord.    L.,  Listing's,  pertain-,  to  the  movements  of  the 
eye-ball:   when  moved   from  the  position  of  rest,  the 
angle  of  rotation  in  the  second  position  is  the  same  as 
if  the  eye  were  turned  about  a  fixed  axi-  perpendicular 
to  the   first   and  second    positions  of  the   visual   line. 
L.,    Louis',     in    adults    the     lungs    usually    contain 
tubercle  when  it  is  present  elsewhere  in  the  body.    L., 
Magnus's,  in  thermo-electrii  ity,  the  law  that  "  in  cir- 
cuit- of  the    same  metal  throughout, no  electromotive 
force  is  produced    by  variation  in    temperature  or  of 
section  ofthe  conductor  at  different  parts  ofthe  circuit." 
L.,  Malaguti's,  when    two  salts  are  mixed  in  solution 
double  decomposition  occurs  and  tour  salts  are  formed 
.  the  proportions  of  each  depending  on  the 
ngth    of   union  of  the  respective   basic  and    acid 
radicles.      L.,   Mariotte's,  the  law  of   physics  that 
the  volume  of  a  gas  varies  inversely  as  the  pressure  to 
which    it   is   subjected       See    /..,    Boyle's.      L.   of 
Molecular  Weights,   the  molecular   weight  of   an 
menl  is  twice  its  atomic  weight  (with  the  exception 
of  1 1.' and  1  d )  ;  the  molecular  weight  of  a  compound  is 
ii!    the    sum    of    the   atomic  weights  of  its 
L.   of  Multiple    Proportions,  that  two 
uniting    to    form    a    series   of  chemic   com- 
tnds,  do  so  in  proportions  that  are  simple  multiples 
ol   one   another   or   of  one   common   proportion.      L., 
Newton's,  the    unit   force  is  thai    force  which,  acting 
tor  unit  1 1  me  on  the  unit  mass,  produces  unit  velocity. 
L.,  Ohm's,  the  law  that  the  current  strength  varies 
dii  tromotive  force,  and  inversely  as  the 

It    is  usually  expressed   by  the  formula 

.  in  which  C   is   the  current  in  amperes;    E, 

1  > 

the  electromotive  force  in  volts;    R,  the  resistance  of 
the  .  that   of  the  internal    part  of  the 

nit,   in  ohms.      L.   of  Organic  Balance,   exces- 
■  opment  of  one  pari  n  organism  is  coun- 

tei  by  deficient  growth  of  another  part.      L., 

Pfluger's,   "a    given    tract   of  nerve  is  stimulated   by 


LAWN-TENNIS  ARM 


»;.;.-. 


LEAD 


the  appearance  of  kathelectrotonus  and  the  disap- 
pearance of  anelectrotonus — not,  however,  by  the 
disappearance  of  kathelectrotonus,  or  by  the  appear- 
ance of  anelectrotonus.''  L.  of  Progress,  the  law 
of  progressive  increase  in  the  perfection  of  organisms 
in  the  successive  periods  of  the  earth's  history.  L., 
Psycho-physical.  See  L.,  Fechner's.  L.  of  Re- 
ciprocal Proportions,  two  elements  combining  with 
a  third  do  so  in  proportions  that  are  simple  multi- 
ples or  simple  fractions  of  those  in  which  they  com- 
bine with  each  other.  L.  of  Refraction,  that  rays 
of  light  entering  a  denser  medium  are  deflected  toward 
a  perpendicular  drawn  through  the  point  of  incidence, 
and  those  entering  a  rarer  medium  are  deflected  away 
from  the  same  perpendicular.  L.,  Ritter's  or  Ritter- 
Valli's,  it'  a  nerve  be  separated  from  its  center,  or  if 
the  center  die,  the  excitability  of  the  nerve  is  in- 
creased; the  increase  of  excitability  begins  at  the 
central  end,  and  travels  towards  the  periphery;  the 
excitability  then /a/Is  until  it  disappears  entirely.  L. 
of  Sexual  Transmission,  a  parent  transmits  charac- 
teristics to  children  of  his  or  her  sex  not  transmitted  to 
the  opposite  sex.  L.,  Stokes' :  i.  See  Z. ,  Angstrom's. 
2.  Every  muscle  in  relationship  with  an  inflamed 
mucous  or  serous  surface  becomes  paralyzed.  L., 
Tait's,  in  every  disease  of  the  abdomen  or  pelvis  in 
which  the  health  is  destroyed  or  life  is  threatened,  and 
in  which  the  condition  is  evidently  not  due  to  malig- 
nant disease,  an  exploration  of  the  cavity  by  celio- 
tomy should  be  made.  L.,  Toynbee's,  a  law  con- 
cerning intracranial  disease  secondary  to  otitis.  It 
is  that  the  cerebellum  and  lateral  sinus  suffer  from 
disease  of  the  mastoid,  while  the  cerebrum  is  endan- 
gered by  caries  of  the  tympanic  roof.  L.,  Valli- 
Ritter's.  See  Z.,  Ritter-Valli's.  L.,  Van  der 
Kolk's,  the  sensory  libers  of  a  mixed  nerve  are  dis- 
tributed to  parts  i  hat  are  moved  by  muscles  that  re- 
ceive the  motor  libers  of  the  same  nerve.  Thus,  in 
nerve-lesions  the  chief  sensory  symptoms  are  always 
peripheral  or  distal  from  the  chief  motor  symptoms. 
L.,  Volta's,  of  Tension,  the  contact  of  two  differ- 
ent substances  produces  an  electromotive  force  equal 
to  the  algebraic  difference  of  their  electric  condition, 
which  difference  is  constant  for  the  same  substances. 
I_.,  Vulpian's,  the  functions  of  a  destroyed  portion 
of  an  animal's  brain  are  assumed  by  the  remaining 
portion.  L.,  Wallerian,  of  Degeneration  ;  bom 
experiments  Waller  showed  that  the  trophic  centers  of 
the  ventral  roots  of  spinal  nerves  lie  in  the  multipo- 
lar nerve-cells  of  the  ventral  horns  of  gray  matter, 
while  those  of  the  dorsal  roots  lie  in  the  ganglia  placed 
upon  them.  Generalized,  the  law  predicates  that 
the  course  of  the  impulses  in  a  nerve  may  be  ascer- 
tained by  tracing  the  course  of  the  subsequent  degen- 
eration. L-.,  Weber's,  the  principle  that  that  varia- 
tion of  stimulus  that  causes  the  smallest  appreciable 
variation  in  sensation  maintains,  approximately,  a 
fixed  ratio  to  the  total  stimulus.  See  also  Z., 
Fechner's. 

Lawn-tennis  Arm.  Displacement  of  the  tendon,  or 
body  (or  both)  of  the  pronator  radii  teres.  Com- 
mon in  lawn-tennis  players.  L.-t.  Knee.  See  Knee. 
L.-t.  Leg,  tendinous,  fascial,  or  muscular  rupture 
in  the  calf  or  sura. 

Lawsonia  [law-so'-ne-ah).     See  Henna. 

Lax  [Inks)  tlaxus,  loose].     Loose  ;  not  tense. 

Laxarthrus  [laks-arf -thrus)  [/axus,  loose;  apdpov, 
joint].      Luxation  of  a  joint. 

Laxative  [laks'-at-iv)  [laxativus  ;  laxare,  to  loosen],  i. 
Aperient  ;  mildly  cathartic.  2.  An  agent  that  loosens 
the  bowels  ;  a  mild  purgative. 

Laxator  [laks-af '-tor)  [laxare,  to  loosen].     That  which 


loosens  or  relaxes.  A  name  applied  to  various  mus- 
cles.     L.  tympani.      See  M.  of. 

Laxitas  [laks'-it-as]    [L.].      I  L.  alvi,  diar- 

rhea. L.  gingivarum,  spongy  gums.  L.  intes- 
tinorum,  diarrhea.  L.  ventriculi,  atony  of  the 
stomach. 

Laxity  (Inks' ■//-<■)  [laxitas,  looseness].  Lack  or  loss 
of  tone  or  tension  ;  a  relaxed,  loose,  or  spongy  state  of 
a  ti- 

Layer  [la'-er)  [ME.,  leyer,  a  layer].  A  mass  of  uni- 
form, or  nearly  uniform,  thickness,  -pread  over  or 
covering  a  considerable  area.  L.,  Bacillar  [of  the 
retina),  the  layer  of  rods  and  conesof  the  retina.  L., 
Basement,  basement  membrane,  q.  v.  L.,  Bow- 
man's. See  Lamina,  Bowman's.  L.,  Fibrous  [of  the 
pericardium),  the  outer  layer  of  the  pericardium,  con- 
tinuous above  with  the  deep  cervical  fascia.  L.,  Funda- 
mental, one  of  the  three  layer-,  of  the  blastoderm,  q.  v. 
L.,  Ganglionic,  a  layer  of  angular  cells  of  the  cerebral 
cortex,  best  developed  in  the  motor  area.  L.,  Ger- 
minal. See  /..,  Fundamental.  L.,  Henle's,  the 
outer  layer  of  the  inner  root-sheath  of  the  hair.  L., 
Huxley's,  the  inner  layer  of  the  inner  root-sheath  of 
the  hair.  L.,  Horny  [of  the  epiderm),  the  superficial 
layer  of  the  skin.  L.,  Inner  Molecular,  one  of  the 
layers  of  the  retina.  L.,  Latticed,  the  formatio  reticu- 
laris, q.  v.  L.,  Malpighian,  the  rete  mucosum  of 
the  skin.  L.,  Ollier's.  See  Z.,  Osteogenetic.  L., 
Osteogenetic,  the  lower  layer  of  periosteum,  con- 
nected witli  tin  formation  of  bone.  L.,  Papillary  f 
the  skin  I ,  the  upper  layer  of  the  true  skin,  having  papil- 
lary projections  fitting  into  the  epidermis.  L.,  Pig- 
mentary 1 1'/*  the  retina),  the  innermost  layer  of  cells 
of  the  retina  extending  also  to  the  choroid,  ciliary  body, 
and  iris.  L.,  Primitive,  or  Primordial,  the  layers  of 
the  blastoderm  ;  by  some  applied  to  epiblast,  hypo- 
blast, and  mesoblast ;  by  others  to  the  first  two  only. 
L.  of  Rods  and  Cones.  See  Z.,  Bacillar,  and 
Retina.  L.,  Serous,  the  ental  layer  of  serous  mem- 
branes, consisting  of  endothelium. 

Layering  [la'-er-ing)  [ME.,  leyer,  a  layer].  The 
propagation  of  plants  by  layers. 

Layette  [lay-el')  [Fr.  ].  The  full  outfit  of  garments, 
bedding,  etc. ,  for  a  new-born  child. 

Layman  [la'-man)  [D.,  Iceman,  a  layman].  A  mem- 
ber of  the  laity. 

Lazar  (/a'-zar)  [from  Lazarus,  a  Biblical  name].  An 
old  name  for  a  leper,  or  for  any  person  having  a  repul- 
sive disease. 

Lazaret  Fever.     A  synonym  of  Typhus  Fever,  q.  v. 

Lazaretto  [laz-ar-et'-o)  [Itab,  a  pest-house].  A  quar- 
antine establishment.  Also,  a  place  for  fumigation 
and  disinfection. 

Lazari  malum  [laz'-ar-i maf-luni)  [L.,  "Lazarus' 
ill''].      Synonym  of    Leprosv. 

Lazulite  (laz'-u-lit)  [S.,  azul,  blue].  A  mineral  of  a 
light-blue  color,  composed  of  the  hydrous  phosphate 
of  aluminum,  magnesium,  and  iron. 

Leaching  [lich'-ing)  [ME.,  leechen,  to  wet].  In 
chemistry,  removing  by  percolation. 

Lead  [led)  [ME.,  Iced,  lead].  See  Plumbum.  L., 
Black.  See  Graphite.  L. -colic.  See  Colic.  L.- 
encephalopathy,  a  morbid  condition  of  the  brain  due 
to  chronic  lead-poisoning.  L.-line,  blue  line  ;  the  line 
of  discoloration  on  the  gums  in  cases  of  chronic  lead- 
poisoning.  L.  -pipe  Contraction,  Wei  r  M  itch  el  Is  term 
for  the  marked  resistance  encountered  in  attempting  to 
flex  the  legs  in  cases  of  spa-tic  paraplegia  of  infants, 
the  resistance  gradually  yielding  as  the  effort  to  flex  is 
maintained  ;  also  the  condition  of  the  limbs  in  the 
cataleptic  state  in  which  they  maintain  any  position 
that   is  given  them.      L.-pipe    Paralysis.      Same  as 


It 

I 


L.-poisonirv 

the 

:.    IIS 

lis, 

. 

the 

n  which 

L. -green. 


;    thin  ; 

L.-faced  ;  a  thin  fai 

edition 
■   fat  <>r  flesh. 

und  :   to 

Mania. 
■  network 

may  be 

\  material 

lethods. 

■ 
nd   lirm- 
from  the 
■■    fine 

I 

igih 
ng  it 

fhers 

hair 


I  E(    I  UAL 

sheep-skin  rugs,  etc.,  as  well  as  light  calf-kid 

ather,  are  always  alum  tanned.   The  glove- 

leather  thus  obtained   has   softness  and  considerable 

ngth,  but  is  not  thoroughly  watei  resistant.    Parch- 

■ :  the  first  of  these  is  prepared  from 

sheep  and  goats,  and  the  second  from  the 

-   of  calves.     The  skins  are  washed,  limed,  un- 

haired,  and   fleshed,  and   then   stretched  thoroughly. 

They  are  then   again   well-scraped    and   rubbed  with 

Ull  nd    allowed  to  dry  on  a  frame    in  the 

shade,  eare  being  taken  to  avoid  sunshine  or  frost.   Very 

tine  vellum-  are  prepared  with  the  finest  pumice-stone. 

.  a  valuable  side  product  of  the  leather  indus- 

li   i-  essentially  an  emulsion  of  oxidized  fish-oil, 

luced  by  soluble  albuminoids.      It  is  used  largely 

urrying  purposes.     L. -brown.     Same  as  Pheny- 

m.     L.-wood.     See  Dirca  palustris. 

Leathery  Ueth'-et     I   [ME.,Mw,  leather].      Resem 

bling  leather;  applied  to  thickened  arteries,  to  various 

tough   tissues   in  the   body,  and  to    the    liver,   spleen, 

or  hi 
Leaven  {leiZ-n)  \levare,   to    raise].      A  name  given  to 
several  i!    ferments  belonging  to  the  class  of 

omyces,  of  which  the  culture  known   as  "sour 
dough  "  is  a  common  example. 
Leban,    Leben    (lefi'-an,    leb'-en)    [Ar.,   leban\       A 
variety  of  f<  I   milk  of  the  Arabs.     It  is  made 

by  adding  some  of  the  fermented  milk  of  the  previous 
day  to  the  fresh  milk  as  soon  as  it  is  brought  in  from 
the  milking.      U  is  a  slightly  acid  fluid  of  the  consist- 
ence of  cream,  with  small,  flaky  curds,  and  with  the 
taste  of  buttermilk.     It  is  easily  digested,  and  hence  is 
suitable  for  invalids.    It  corresponds  to  the  "Mafeoott" 
of  the  Turks. 
Leber's    Disease.      Congenital    malformation    of    the 
optic   nerve,  with  atrophy.      Hereditary  optic  atrophy. 
See  Disease's,    Tabic  of. 
Lecat's  Gulf.    The  dilated  bulbous  portion  of  the  urethra. 
Lecheguana    {la-cha-gwan'-ati)    [Port.].     A  kind  of 
poisonous  hoi  lected  in  S.  America  from  flowers 

of  the  genera   Paullinia  and  Serjania.      It  produces 
hilarity,  followed  by  heavy  narcotic  slumber,  and  later 
by  melancholic  depression.      I  not". 
Lechopyra    {lek-op' -ir-ah)   [/f.V">   a   lying-in   woman; 

nvp,  tire,  fever].      Puen)eral  fever. 
Lecithigenous    (les-itk-ij' -en-u  i    ['/imdoq,   yolk;    yev- 

.  to  beget].      Producing  lecithin. 
Lecithin   {les' -ith-iri)    [At/atfoc,   yolk   of  egg],   C^Hjq- 
NfP(  >,,.       \  complex  nitrogenous  fatty  substance  occur- 
ring widely  spread    throughout   the  animal   body.      It 
i-  found  in  the  blood,  bile-,  and   serous  fluids,  as  well 
in  the  brain,  nerves,  yolk  of  egg,  semen,  pus,  and 
white   blood-corpuscles.      It    is   a    colorless,   slightly 
substance,  readil)  soluble  in  cold,  and  very 
much  so  in  hot    alcohol.       It    -wells  up  in  water,  and 
throws  out  curling  filamentous  processes  at  the  same 
time.      It   i  decomposed.     The  lecithins,  as  a 

-.  form  a  group  of  substances  the  type  of  which  is 
normal  lecithin. 
Lecithoid    [les' -ith-oid)    [>>kiHoc,    yolk;    eldog,    like]. 

mbling  lecithin. 
Lecithophore  [lesr -ith-o-for)   [Xiiadog,  yolk;  ipopelv,  to 
u  I.       \  layer  of  ((.lis  in  the  ovum,  constituting  the 
'    'ion  cavity. 
Lecithus  (/  ilk].     The  egg-yolk. 

Lecithymen  (les-itk-i' '-men)  [teiadog,  yolk  ;  vfifyv,  mem- 
brane],    'ihi'  vitelline  membrane. 
Leclanche  Cell.     See  Cell. 
Lee  ,.,7,'j,  penis].     The  penis. 

Lectual  {lek'-tu-al)  [L.,  lectus,  a  bed].     Pertaining  to 
a  bed  or  i  ouch.     L.  Disease,  a  disease  that  confines 
to  bed. 


LECTULUS 


667 


I  I. Mil  HOCHORTON 


Lectulus  {lekf -tU'ltts)  [dim.  of  iectus,  bed].  An  old 
name  for  various  forms  of  splints,  cushions,  and  pads 
used  in  surgery;  also,  a  bed  or  couch;  a  couch  or 
mattress  containing  medicinal  substances.  L.  medi- 
catus,  a  dry  fomentation. 

Ledon  [le'-don)  [Xf/dov,  cistus].      Sec  Ladanum. 

Ledoyen's  Disinfecting-fluid.  A  solution  of  lead 
nitrate. 

Ledran's  Suture.     See  Suture. 

Ledum  (/,■' '  Jum)  ['/f/dor,  a  species  of  cistus].  A  genus 
of  ericaceous  shrubs.  L.  palustre,  marsh-tea,  the 
leaves  of  which  have  been  used  as  a  febrifuge  and 
sedative,  and  in  skin-diseases.      Unof. 

Ledyson,  Powder  of.  A  powder  containing  Armenian 
bole,  with  powdered  charcoal,  slaked  lime,  sal  am- 
moniac, and  powdered  cinnamon. 

Leech  {lech)  [AS.,  lace,  physician].  i.  Hirudo  mcdi- 
cinalis,  or  other  worm  shaped  aquatic  and  blood- 
sucking animals  employed  in  surgery.  2.  Formerly  a 
medical  practitioner;  a  physician.  3.  To  extract 
blood  by  leeching.  See  Hirudo.  L.,  Artificial,  an 
apparatus  for  cupping.  See  Heurteloup.  L. -craft, 
an  archaic  name  for  the  art  of  healing.  L.,  Horse. 
See  Horse-leech.  L.-tube,  a  glass  tube  in  which  a 
leech  is  placed  so  that  its  mouth  will  come  in  contact 
with  the  skin  of  the  part  over  which  the  tube  is  placed. 

Leecher  (lech'-er)  [ME.,  leeche,  a  physician].  A  per- 
son who  applies  leeches. 

Lees  (lez)  [AS.,  Ices,  dregs].  The  dregs  or  solid  mat- 
ter held  in  suspension  by  a  liquid,  that  finally  settles 
at  the  bottom  of  the  vessel.  Especially  the  sediment 
of  vinous  liquors.  Also,  a  valuable  side-product  in 
the  manufacture  of  wine.  It  is  the  deposit  formed  on 
the  bottom  of  the  casks,  and  consists  of  from  30  to  40 
per  cent,  of  vegetable  matter,  the  remainder  being 
tartrates,  sulphates  (in  plastered  wines),  alumina, 
phosphoric  acid,  etc. 

Leeting  [Uf '-trig's.  The  exudation  on  the  surface  of 
the  skin  in  eczema. 

Le  Fort's  Operation.     See  Operations,  Table  of 

Left  [ME.,  left,  left].  Sinistral;  opposite  of  right. 
The  left-hand  side.  In  man  and  other  mammals,  the 
side  containing  the  larger  part  of  the  heart.  L.- 
brained,  having  the  speech-center  in  its  normal  situ- 
ation, in  the  left  third  frontal,  or  subfrontal  convolu- 
tion. L. -handed,  having  more  power  and  dexterity 
in  the  left  than  in  the  right  hand.  L.  Lateral 
Recumbent   Position.      See  Postures,  Table  of. 

Leg  [ME.,  /<?<,,  leg].  The  lower  extremity  of  man, 
especially  that  part  from  the  knee  to  the  ankle.  An 
organ  of  locomotion  in  man  and  other  animals.  L., 
Bandy,  bow-leg.  L.,  Barbadoes,  elephantiasis  of 
the  leg.  L.,  Black,  of  Canada,  a  condition  of 
purpura  affecting  the  legs  of  Canadian  lumbermen. 
L.,  Cochin.  See  L.,  Barbadoes.  L.,  Crossed,  a 
crossing  of  the  axes  of  the  legs.  L.,  Dentist's,  a 
painful  cramp  in  the  leg-muscles  of  dentists.  L., 
Dover's,  a  term  for  hypochondriasis.  L.-ill.  See 
Black  Leg.  L.,  Lawn-tennis.  See  Laivn-tennis  Leg. 
L.,  Milk,  phlegmasia  alba  dolens.  L.,  Scissors.  See 
L.,  Crossed.  L. ,  Weeping,  a  leg  the  seat  of  eczema 
madidans.      L.,  White.     See  L.,  Milk. 

Legal  (lef-gal)  [lex  legis,  law].  Pertaining  to  law. 
L.  Medicine,  medical  jurisprudence. 

Legal's  Disease.  Headache  due  to  meningo-tympanic 
disease.      .See  Diseases,    Table  of. 

Legitimacy  (le-jif '-im-as-e)  [legitimare,  to  make  law- 
ful]. .  The  condition  of  being  within  the  bounds  of  the 
law.  Also,  the  statutory  recognition  of  a  child  born 
within  wedlock,  or  within  a  period  of  time  necessary 
to  gestation,  which  may  elapse  after  the  death  of  the 
father. 


Legume  (leg/-um  or  leg-Urn')  \legere,  to  gather  (so- 
called  because  it  may  be  gathered  by  the  hand)  ].  In 
biology,  the  fruit  "i  plants  of  the  pea  or  pulse  family, 
a  pod  splitting  along  both  sutures,  and  formed  from 
a  simple  pistil. 

Legumin  {leg-uf -miti)  \legumen,  pulse].  A  proteid 
compound  in  the  seeds  .>i  many  plants  belonging  to 
the  natural  order  of  leguminosse.  Vegetable  casein. 
See  ( 'asein. 

Leguminosae  (leg-u  min-o'-se)  \legumen,  pulse].  The 
pulse  family  ;  an  important  family  of  plants  compris- 
ing the  bean,  the  clover,  the  lentil,  the  pea. 
Licorice,  indigo,  gum  arable,  senna,  are  also  obtained 
from  species  of  this  family. 

Leguminous  {leg-u' '-min-us)  [legumen,  pulse].  Per 
taining  to  or  resembling  the  Leguminosce. 

Leicester  System.  A  system  of  combating  smallpox 
that  consists  in  isolation,  quarantine,  and  disinfection, 
without  vaccination. 

Leiocephalous  (li-o-sef'-al-us)  [Xeiog,  smooth;  hioa'/J/, 
head].      Having  a  smooth  head. 

Leiodermia  (li-o-der' '-me-ah)  [>",.,,  smooth;  Sipfia, 
skin].  A  disease  of  the  skin  marked  by  abnormal 
glossiness,  and  by  atrophy. 

Leiodermatous  (li-o-der' '-mat-us)  [Xelog,  smooth ; 
6ep/ia,  skin].      Smooth-skinned. 

Leiomyoma  (li-o-mi-o'-mah)  ['/.fine,  smooth  ;  five, 
muscle  ;  bun,  a  tumor:  />/.,  Leiomyomala\  A  tumor 
consisting  largely  of  unstriped  muscle-fibers. 

Leiopilous  (li-op'-il-us)  [Attoc,  smooth  ;  "//<»;,  wool]. 
Same  as  Leiocephalous. 

Leiopus  (li'-o-fius)  [/.t'toc,  smooth  ;  ~ol%,  foot].  Syn- 
onym of   Talipes  planum,  ox  flat-foot. 

Leiotrichous,  Liotrichous  (li-of -rik-us)  ['/Cine, 
smooth  ;  dpi!-,  hair].  Having  smooth  or  straight  hair. 
See  Lissotrichous. 

Leiphemia  (li-fe' '-me-ah)  [Xeiiretv,  to  fail  ;  a/wa,  blood]. 
Failure,  poverty,  or  a  depraved  state  of  the  blood. 

Leipodermia  (li-po-der4 '-me-ah)  [Xeiireiv,  to  leave; 
Skppa,  skin].  A  deficiency  of  the  skin,  especially  of 
the  prepuce. 

Leipomeria  (li-po-me* -re-aK)  [/.e'i-eiv,  to  leave;  uipoc, 
part].  A  monstrosity  with  absence  of  one  or  more 
limbs. 

Leipopsychia  (li-pop-si'-ke-ah)  [Xeiireiv,  to  fail  ;  ipvxtj, 
spirit].      Fainting;   weakness;   asphyxia. 

Leipothymia  (li-po-thif -me-ah)  [Xeiireiv,  to  fail;  dvpoq, 
mind].      A  fainting  or  syncope. 

Leipothymic  (li-po-fhi'-»iik\  ['/ti-nr,  to  fail  ;  9vft6g, 
mind].  Faint  ;  affected  with  or  pertaining  to  leipo- 
thymia. 

Leipsic  Green.  Same  as  Schweinfurth  Green.  L. 
Yellow.     Same  as  Chrome-yellow. 

Leipyria  (li-ptr' '-e-ah)  [Aeiireiv,  to  fail;  irvp,  fire]. 
Coldness,  as  of  the  extremities,  during  a  high  fever. 

Leitch's  Blue.     See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of . 

Leiter's  Apparatus,  Coil,  or  Tubes.     Tubes  of  soft, 
flexible  metal  designed  for  application  about  any  part  of 
the   body.      Cold  water  is   passed   through   the  tu 
thereby  reducing  the  temperature  of  the  parts  encased. 

Leithner's  Blue.      Same  as  Cobalt-blue. 

Lekene  (/e'-keu).  The  principal  constituent  of  Cau- 
casian ozokerite  ;  it  melts  at  790  C,  and  has  the  com- 
position CnH2n+2  or  C',,11,,,. 

Lema  (le'-mah)  ['/i/uy,  rheum].  The  collection  of  dried 
matter  sometimes  seen  at  the  canthus  of  the  eye. 

Lembert's  Suture.     See  Suture. 

Lemery's  Powder.  A  stimulant  and  digestive  powder 
containing  cinnamon,  ginger,  nutmeg,  cloves,  mace, 
musk,  and  raisins.     L.'s  Salt,  magnesium  sulphate. 

Lemithochorton  (lem-ith-o-kor4 '-ton).  Same  as  Hel- 
mint hochor ton. 


I. 


A 

■ 
i      \ 

the 

'      miin 
nd. 

L., 
.  m 
,  .    gullet ; 

ix    or 


; 

:idle    of. 


if  the 

i  us    than 

J.      i.  Leniti 
:  application. 
A  liniment 

•  itis, 
lai   tissue  of 


Emollient 
\n  emoll 

'hartic 

•I  piece 
of  light. 
L.,   Achromatic. 
I.  ,    A  p.  .chromatic.     S( 

ndric. 

■ 

L., 

I.     Bifocal. 

:      tile 

L.,  Con- 
I-  .  Crystalline, 


ivcx 


1  EN  riCULAR 

the  lens  of  the  eve,  situated  immediately  behind  th« 
pupil.      L.,    Cylindric    (either    minus  or  plus),  one 
nacylindric  tool.  i.  ...  one  with  a  plane  sur- 
us  and  a  i  oncave  or  convex  surface  in  the 
right  angles  to  the  first.      L.,  Decentered,  one 
in  which  the  optic  center  is  nol  0]        it    the  pupil  oJ 
the  eye.     L.,  Dispersing,  a  name  for  a  concave  lens. 
L. -paper,  a  soft  absorbent  paper  much  used  for  clean- 
ing lenses;  it  is  also  known   as  Japanese  filter-paper. 
L.,  Periscopic,  one  with  con  •  01  convexo 

-.  the  opposite  sides  being  of  different 
curvatures  ;  it  is  used  to  avoid  spheric  aberration,  and 
field  of  clear  vision;  such  lenses  are 
called  L.,  Plano-concave,  Plano- 


12  3  4  5 

Different  Forms  of  Spheric  Lenses. 
i.  Biconvex   lens.     2.   Plano-convex      3.  Concavo-convex,  ot 
convergent    meniscus.     f    Biconcave      5.    Plano-concave. 
6.  Com  we,  or  divergent  meniscus. 

convex,  Plano-cylindric,  have  a  plane  surface  upon 
one  side  and  a  curved  surface  upon  the  reverse  side. 
L.,  Prismatic,  a  triangular  bar  of  "lass.  L.,  Spheric, 
one  whose  curved  surface,  either  concave  or  convex,  is 
a  segment  of  a  sphere,  in  contradistinction  to  a  cylin- 
dric lens.  L.,  Sphero-cylindric,  one  with  a  spheric 
surface  upon  one  side,  and  a  cylindric  surface  upon  the 
reverse,  used  for  the  correction  of  either  myopia  or 
hyperopia,  associated  with  astigmatism.  See  Spectacle- 
lenses.  L.-star,  the  stellate  figure  seen  on  the  pos- 
terior surface  of  the  crystalline  lens.  L.,  Test  or 
Trial,  one  of  a  set  of  lenses  employed  in  determining 
refractive  errors. 
Lenticel  {len> '-tis-el)  [lenticella;  dim.  of  lens,  lentil]. 
Any  one  of  the  little  mucous  follicles  or  crypts  at  the 
e of  the  tongue ;  any  lenticular  gland.  In  biology, 
a  lens-shaped  collection  of  cells  ;  applied  to  the  dot-  on 
new  hark  and  to  certain  glands. 
Lenticellate    (len-tis-el' -at)    [lenticella;  dim.    of  lens, 

lentil].      Having  lenticels. 

Lenticonus     [len-tik-o1 '-nus)    [lens,   a    lens;    conus,  a 

ie].      A    ran-,    usually    congenital,    anomaly   of  the 

,    in  which  there  is  a  conical   prominence  upon  its 

rior,  or  more  rarely  upon  its  posterior,  surface. 

Lenticula  {len-tik' '-u-lah),  Lenticule  [len'-tik-Hl )  [I..  ; 

dim.    of  lens,    lentil  :    />/.,    Lenticulce~\.     I.   Same  as 

\  mass  of  gray  matter  in  the  brain  situ- 

d  in  the  hemicerebral  wall,  between  the  caudatum 

I    the  cortex.       It  consists  of  three  zones    known    as 

articuli,  all  more  or  less  striated,  the  ental  the  small- 

tal,  also  called  putamen,   the   largest 

reddish-gray  color  than  the 

twu    mesal    divisions,    which     together    are    termec 

bus   pallidus.     3.    In    biology:    (a)   a   spore-case; 

i    Ileekle. 

Lenticular  {len-tik' -u-lar)  \lenticularis  ;  lens,  a  lentil]. 
Pertaining!  sembling,  a   lens;  also  a  descrip- 

tive term  applied  to  an  instrument  with  a  curved  .  m 
tin  I   !  removing  the  rough  edges  of  hone  made 

by  the  trephine.      L.  Ganglion.    See  Ganglia,   Tabu 
L.  Nucleus,  the  lenticula,  q.  v. 


I  I  \  I  [FORM 


(if!!) 


LEPROLOGY 


Lentiform  {Jenf -tif-orm) .     See  Lenticular. 
Lentigines  (Jen  tij'-in  ez)  \lens,  a  lentil].    Sec  /.  n 
L.  leprosse,  the  pigmented  spots  ol  mai  ular  Leprosy. 

Lentiginose,  Lentiginous  (len-tij' '-in-dz,  In-tij'-in  us) 
\Jentiginosus,  freckled].  Affected  with  lentigo. 
Speckled  or  freckled. 

Lentigo  (len-ti' '-go)  |  is,  a  lentil;  pi. ,  Lentigines']. 
A  freckle ;  ephelid.  A  circumscribed  spot  orpatchof 
pigment,  small  in  size,  and  occurring  mainly  on  the 
face  ami  hands.  Freckles  rarely  occur  before  the  age 
of  eight  years,  and  are  not  common  in  aged  persons. 
They  are  most  frequent  among  people  of  light  com- 
plexion. Those  occurring  upon  parts  of  the  body  n<>t 
exposed  to  the  sun's  rays  are  called  ' '  cold  frechles." 
L.  aestiva,  summer  freckles.  L.  congenita,  pig- 
mented nevus. 

Lentil  (len'-Hl)  [lenticula,  a  lentil].  The  plant  Lens 
esculenta  ;  also  its  Hat  lenticular  seed,  a  kind  of  pulse, 
valued  as  an  article  of  food. 

Lentitis  (len-tif-iis).     Set!  Phakitis. 

Lentoid  (len'-toid)  \lens,  lentil;  elSog,  like].  Lens- 
shaped,  or  lenticular. 

Lentor  {len'-tor)  \lentor ;  lentus,  adhesive].  Viscidity 
of  a  liquid  ;  slowness  of  any  function,  or  process.  L. 
cordis,  sluggishness  of  the  heart. 

Lentous  (len'-tus)  [lentus,  thick].  Thick,  tenacious, 
or  viscid. 

Lenus  (le'-nus)  [/.//rdo,  a  depression].  A  depression  ; 
the  torcular  herophili,  q.  v. 

Lenz's  Law.     See  Z./;, '. 

Leonard's  Tint.  A  name  for  methyl-violet,  penta- 
methyltriamido-triphenylcarbinol,  used  for  staining  mi- 
croscopic sections  and   bacteria. 

Leonine  (le'-o-nln)  \leoninus,  belonging  to  a  lion]. 
1. ion-like  ;   resembling  a  lion. 

Leontiasis  (le-on-ti' -as-is)  \leo,  a  lion].  A  variety  of 
elephantiasis  in  which  the  patient's  face  is  said  to  re- 
semble that  of  a  lion.  Sec  Elephantiasis  and 
Leprosy.  L.  ossea,  L.  ossium,  a  form  of  sclerosis  of 
bone,  following  osteitis,  in  which  nodular  deposits  are 
seen  upon  the  diseased  bone.  L.  vitulina,  a  con- 
genital disease  characterized  by  a  painless  enlargement 
of  the  face,  giving  it  some  resemblance  to  that  o!  a  calf. 

Leontodin  (le-on' -to-din)  Ykkuw,  a  lion;  bdovg,  a 
tooth].  The  precipitate  from  a  tincture  of  the  root  of 
dandelion,  Leontodon  taraxacum;  it  is  a  tonic, 
diuretic,  aperient,  and  hepatic  excitant.  Dose  two  to 
four  grains.      Unof. 

Leontodon  {le-on* -to-don) .     See  Taraxacum. 

Leonurus  (le-on-u' '-rus).     See  Motherwort. 

Leopard's  Bane  Uep'-ardz  ban').     See  Arnica. 

Lepal  (lef-pal)  [Xemg,  a  scale].  In  biology,  a  barren 
stamen  ;   a  stamenode. 

Leper  {lep'-er)  \Xenp6g,  scaly].  One  affected  with 
leprosy. 

Lepidin  (lepf-id-in)  [3,£trc,  scale],  C9H6(CHS)N. 
i.  Methyl-quinolin,  a  substance  tint  occurs  with  quino- 
lin  and  quinaldin  in  coal  tar.  and  i~  obtained  on  distill- 
ing cinchonin  with  potassic  hydrate.  It  possesses  an 
odor  like  that  of  quinolin,  and  boils  at  2570  C.  2.  A 
bitter  principle  from  Lepidium  Uteris  ;  it  is  reputed  to 
be  antipyretic.      Unof. 

Lepidium  (lep-id/-e-um)  [A\eiri6tov;  /r-!c,  scale].  A 
genus  of  cruciferous  herbs  ;  cress,  or  peppergrass.  L. 
iberis,  L.  latifolium,  L.  ruderale,  L.  sativum,  and 
L.  virginicum,  have  been  used  in  medicine.  They 
are  antiscorbutic,  and  stimulant,  and  are  reputed  to  be 
antipyretic.      Unof. 

Lepido-  {lep'-id-o-)  [/et/c,  scale].  A  prefix  signifying  a 
scale,  or  scaly. 

Lepidoid  [lepr -id-oid)  [Xeicic,  scale].  Having  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  scale. 


Lepidoplastic   [lep-id-o-plas' -tik)   [Xeirie,    scale;  tz'/.aa- 
,  to  form].     Forming  scales. 

Lepidoptera  Qep-id-op' -ter-ah)  [>-t/c,  scale;   irrep&v,  a 
winy].      An  order  "f  insects  distinguished  bj  fi  ather- 
tles  and  a  spirally-coiled    suctorial  ap    iratus. 
The  order  includes  butterflies  and  moths. 

Lepidosarcoma    (lep-id-o  mr-kof-mah)    \7&idq,    scale ; 
ireoma]       A  sarcoma  covered  with  scales, 
occurring  in  the  mouth. 

Lepidosin  (lep-id' -o-sin)  ['/t-ir,  scale].  A  substance  in 
the  scales  "f  fishes  analogous  to  dentine. 

Lepidosis  (lep-id-o* '-sis)  [  ale].    Same  as  Ichthy- 

osis.    Also,  a  synonym  of  Lepra  and  of  Pityriasis. 

Lepidote  (lep'-id-ot)  [>•■  rrig,  a  scale].  In  biology, 
scurfy  or  covered  with   small  scales. 

Le  Pita.      Synonym  of  7'inca  imbricala. 

Lepocyta  [lep-os' '-it-ah)  [Aeirog,  a  scale,  a  husk  ;  m  - 
hollow,  a  cavity].      In   biology,  a  unicellular  organ- 
ism furnished  with  a  limiting  membrane.     Cf.  Gym- 
nocyta. 

Lepocyte    (lep/-o-sil)    [Xenoc,  a  scale,  a  husk  ;   ni  - 
hollow].    In  biology,  a  nucleated  cell  possessing  a  cell- 
wall.     Cf.    Gymnocyte. 

Leposteophyton,  or  Leposteophytum  {lep-os-te-o-fi'- 
ton,  lep-os-te-o-fi' -lion )  [Aeirof,  scale;  harem,  bone; 
"i  ""r,  plant].  A  new  growth  of  bone,  scaly  in 
character. 

Lepothrix  (lep* '-o-thriks)  ['/i-or,  scale;  0p/f,  the 
hair].  A  condition  in  which  the  hair-,  of  the  axillae 
or  scrotum  are  fringed  with  feather-like  masses  along 
the  shaft,  or  become  encased  in  a  sheath  of  hardened 
sebaceous  matter. 

Lepra  (lepf-rah)  \teirpa,  leprosy].  1.  Leprosy.  An  en- 
demic, chronic,  and  highly  malignant  disease,  some- 
what analogous  to  syphilis  in  pathologic  character.  It 
is  prevalent  in  Europe  and  Asia,  especially  along  the 
.Mediterranean  shores,  but  is  rare  in  North  America. 
It  is  a  constitutional  disease  preceded  by  malaise,  de- 
bility, and  languor,  followed  by  characteristic  bullous, 
macular,  or  tubercular  lesions  of  the  skin.  Its  cause 
is  the  Bacillus  leprce  discovered  by  Hansen. 
Leprosy,  and  Bacteria,  Synonymatic  Table  of,  and 
also  Psoriasis.  2.  A  so  called  "  false  leprosy,"  ap- 
parently a  form  of  psoriasis.  L.  alba  or  albida, 
white  leprosy.  L.  alphos.  See  Psoriasis.  L.  anaes- 
thetica.  See  Leprosy.  L.  antanea.  Same  as 
Leprosy,  Tuberculated.  L.  fungifera.  Synonym  of 
Frambesia.  L.  ichthyosis.  Ichthyosis,  q.  v.  L. 
italica,  or  mediolanensis,  pellagra,  q.  v.  L.  macu- 
losa, the  stage  of  true  leprosy,  characterized  by  the 
presence  of  pigment-spots.  L.  mediolanensis.  See 
Z.  italica.  L.  melas,  black  leprosy.  L.  mutilans, 
the  final  stage  of  true  leprosy,  in  which  there  is 
a  loss  of  members.  L.  nervorum.  See  Leprosy, 
Nerve.  L.  nervosa.  Same  as  Leprosy,  Anesthetic, 
q.  7:  L.  nodosa,  or  L.,  Nodular.  See  J.  prosy. 
L.,  Non-tuberculated.    Sei  y.    L.ofWillan, 

psoriasis.  L.  tuberosa.  See  Leprosy.  Tuberculated. 
L.  umbrosa.  See  Leprosy,  Black.  L.  vera.  See 
Leprosy.      L.  vulgaris,  a  synonym  of  psoriasis. 

Leprelcosis  (tep-rel-ko'-sis)  [Xiirpa,  lepra;  k'/Kuaic, 
ulceration].      Leprous  ulceration. 

Lepriasis  (Jep-ri' '-as-is)  [Aiirpa,  leprosy].  A  synonym 
of  leprosy  and  of  psoriasis;  an  obsolescent  term 
vaguely  used  to  designate  various  scaly  diseases  of  the 
skin. 

Lepric  (lep'-rik)  [/t-jiiKoc,  leprous].  Pertaining  to 
lepra. 

Leprologist  [lep-roP -o-jisf)  [>i~pa,  leprosy;  7.6yoq, 
science].     An  expert  or  specialist  in  leprology. 

Leprology  (lep-rol'-o-je)  [Wiirpa,  leprosy;  Tu&yoc, 
science].     The  science  of  leprosy. 


II 1 1 


670 


I  EPTOMENINGES 


Lcpromorphc 


the 


ln.mi- 
. 

It 

I,    non  tuber- 

ited. 

i  the 

diarrhea, 

spiration, 

1040 

months,  1 

•    lUS   Spots 

,  the  anterior 

inthem  is 

:  purplish  red 

I  1  his  li  posit 

-  of  from 
r.      Papules  then  form 

-  egg  and 
ITuberculation 

r  the 
• 
•turn,  and   penis. 

in  thickening 

in,    and   the 

Non- 

fi  irm. 

•  in.     At  the 

it,  usually 

inns, 

I  .      Veil- 

t.    They 

usually  a 
ith  results 
I  debility, 
ommon  t 

■ 
I  v    i  5 

ind    the 
L.,   Anesthetic. 
L.,    Articular 
!.     Black,    a  furm    in    w 

I. 
I-  .   Italian.     Pell 
L  ■  :  L.,  Mae 

!   by   the 
I-    of  Mal- 
L.,   Mixed   Tubercu- 
I-      Nerve, 

!     the 


|ep,  iplasm    in  the    peripheral  sensory  nerves, 

.„,,,  r   extent    in    the    motor    branches   also. 

The  condition  i>  marked  l>\  pain  along  the  course 
,  nerves,  followed  by  an  eruption  of 
maculae  whi<  h  a-  they  enlarge  become  anesthetic. 
L.,  Nodular.  See  /.,  Tubercu lar,  under  Leprosy. 
L..  Smooth,  anesthetic  leprosy.  L.,  Tubercular, 
and   L.,  Tuberculated.     See  Leprosy.     L.,  White. 

Leprotic  '  ik),  Leprous   [lep'-rus)   [Mirpa,  lep- 

Affected  with,  or  relating  to,  leprosy. 
Leprousness   {lepr" -rus-nes)  [leprosus,   leprous].      The 

state  <>f  being  leprous. 
Leptandra  m'-drah)   [Xeirrdg,  thin;  avfjp,  male]. 

Culver's   Root.     The  rhizome  and  rootlets  of  L.vir- 

now  called  Veronica  virginica.     Its  properties 

thought  to  Ik'  due  to  a  glucosid,  leptandrin.      It  i> 

a  tonic,  laxative,  and  cholagogue,  and  is  indicated  in 

indigestion   and   chronic  constipation.      Dose   of  the 
i.  gr.  j-iij ;  of  the  fid.  ext.  Itixx-gj. 
Leptandrin  [lep-tan' -drin)  [>,'.-rr»,  thin;  avf)p,  male]. 

The  precipitate  from  a  tincture  of  the  root  of  Leptan- 
dra    [Veronica)    virginica;     alterative,    deobstruent, 

laxative,   cholagogue,  and  tonic.      Dose  from  2  to  4 

grains.     Unol. 
Lepthymenia  [lep-thi-me' '-ne-ah)   ['/f7tt6c,  thin  ;  hftfyv, 

membrane].      Delicacy  or  thinness  of  membrane. 
Lepthymenic    {lep-thi-men' -ik)    \1e-kt6c,   thin;     Ififfv, 

membrane].     Relating  to  lepthymenia. 
Lepto-    [lep'-to-)    ['/i-roc,    thin,    small,    slender].     A 

x  signifying  small  or  slen> 
Leptocardia  \lep-to-karf -de-ah)   [>f~roc,  thin;  Kapdia, 

heart].      A  group  of  fishes  of  which  the  lancelets  are 

the  only  r  presentatives. 
Leptocephalia  (lep-to-sef-a'-Je-ak)  [?.e-r6<;,  thin,  small  ; 
head].      Abnormal  smallness  or  narrowness  of 

the  skull. 
Leptocephalic  (lep-to-jef-al'-ik),  Leptocephalous  [lep- 
•f'-al-us)  [leirrdg,  slight ;  Kioa'/r/,  head].      Having 

an  abnormally  small  head. 
Leptocephalus  [Up  to-sef  '-al-us)  [^£7rr<5c,  thin  ;  w 

head].      A  monster   with   an   abnormally   small  head 

from    premature    union  of   the  frontal    and    sphenoid 

bones. 
Leptocephaly  [lep-to-seff-al-e).     See  Leptocephalia. 
Leptochasmus  {lep-to-kaz* -mus)  [>e— roc,  thin  ;  ^dir^n, 

chasm].      1  is-auer's    term    for    a  skull   in    which  the 

angle  formed   by  two  lines  drawn  from  the  punctum 

ale    vomeris    to   the    posterior   nasal    spine    and    the 

anterior  margin  of  the  foramen  magnum  respectively 

i^  between  940  and  114°. 
Leptochroa  [lep-tok' -ro-ah)  [Xeirrdg ,  thin  ;  XP^a>  skin]. 

I  '( licacy  of  the  skin. 
Leptochrous  (Up1 '-tok-rus)  [aettt6c,  thin  ;  XP^ai  skin]. 

Having  a  delicate  skin. 
Leptochymia    (/</> to-klmf -e-ah)  [lenrdc,  thin  ;    Jiy/^c, 
ce].      Abnormal    thinness    or   meagerness  of    the 

fluids  of  the  body. 
Leptodactylous    [lep-to-dak' -til-us)    \_af~t6c,  delicate  ; 
rvTvog,  digit].      Characterized  by  slenderness  of  the 

fingers  or  toes,  or  both. 
Leptodera  [lep-tod' -er-ah)   [AETrr^c,  thin  ;  Skpog,  skin]. 

A     genus    of    vinegar    eels.     L.     stercoralis.     See 

Thread  ind  Parasites  {Animal),  Table  of. 

Leptodermic,   Leptodermous   [lep-to-der* '-mik ,  lep-to- 
f-mus)    [/'-r.yr,    thin;    dipfia,  skin].      Having    a 

delicate  >kin. 
Leptodontous    [lep-to-don' -tus)    [Xeirrdg,   thin;    bdobg, 

tooth].      Having  thin  or  slender  teeth. 
Leptomeninges      {lep-to-men-in7 -jlz)     [1f-t6c,    thin; 
1  in'  mbrane].      The  arachnoid  and  pia,  or  the 

pia  alone. 


LEPTOMKNIXdll  l> 


671 


LETZERICH,  BACH. I 


Leptomeningitis  {lep-to-men-in-pf -tis)  [AerrnJf,  slight; 
fiifviyi,  membrane;  <rn,  inflammation].  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  pia  and  arachnoid  of  the  brain  and  the 
spinal  cord,  in  contradistinction  to  Pachymeningitis, 
though  meningitis  alone  usually  signifies  the  same  as 
leptomeningitis.  Sec  Meningitis.  L.  cerebralis,  an 
inflammation  confined  usually  to  the  pia  of  the  convex 
surface  of  an  anterior  lobe  of  the  cerebrum.  L., 
Cerebro-spinal,  an  inflammation  of  the  pia  of  the 
brain  and  cord.  L.  spinalis,  an  inflammation  of 
the  pia  of  the  spinal  cord.  L.,  Tuberculous,  an  in- 
flammation  of  the  pia  due  to  the  presence  of  the 
tubercle-bacillus. 

Leptomeninx  ilep-to-menf -ingks)  ['/•-rue,  delicate; 
uyviyt;,  membrane :  pi.,  Leptomeninges].  The  pia  or 
the  arachnoid;  in  the  plural  [leptomeninges),  usually 
the  arachnoid  and  pia  taken  together. 

Leptophonia  [lep-to-fo* '-ne-ah)  [/t--6c,  delicate  ;  <puvr/, 
voice].  Delicacy,  gentleness,  or  weakness  of  the 
voice. 

Leptophonic  [lep-to-fon' '-ik)  ['/t-rur,  thin;  ©ww/, 
voice].      Having  a  weak  voice. 

Leptoprosope  [lep-top '-ro-sbp)  \%eirr6g,  thin ;  Tzpocu- 
ttov,  face].  A  person,  or  a  head,  with  a  long,  narrow 
face. 

Leptoprosopia  [lep-to-pro-so1 '-pe-ah)  [Zen-roc,  thin ; 
wpSaunov,  face].      Narrowness  of  the  face. 

Leptoprosopic,  Leptoprosopous  {lep-to-pro-sop'  -ik, 
lep-to-pros' -o-pus)  ['/f-t6c,  thin;  7rp6acj-ov,  face]. 
Having  a  long,  narrow  face. 

Leptorhine  {lepr -ior-iri)  [Zen-nSc,  thin;  pig,  nose]. 
Having  a  slender  nose  or  proboscis.     Sec  Index. 

Leptorrhinia  {Iep-tor-inf-e-ah)\teirr6s,  thin  ;  pig,  nose]. 
Narrowness  of  the  nasal  bones,  or  smallness  of  the 
nasal  index. 

Leptorrhizous  (lep-tor-i' ' -zui)  [/e--<5c,  thin  ;  pi^a,  root]. 
I  laving  a  slender  root. 

Leptosporangiate  (lep-to-spo-ran!-je-dt)  [/f-roc,  slen- 
der ;  oiropa,  seed  ;  ayyelov,  \  essel].  In  biology,  having 
sporangia  formed  from  a  single  cell. 

Leptothrix  {lep' '-to-thriks)  [Aem-of,  thin;  dpi!;,  hair], 
A  genus  of  bacteria,  whose  elements  form  straight  fila- 
ments, often  of  great  length  ;  possibly  indistinguishable 
from  the  genus  Bacillus.  L.  buccalis,  occasionally 
found  in  the  mouth,  plays  a  part  in  the  formation 
of  dental  tartar  and  in  the  production  of  caries  of  the 
teeth.  L.  gigantea,  found  in  tartar  of  the  teeth.  See 
Bacteria,  Synonymatic  Table  of. 

Leptotrichia  (lep-to-trik'-e-ak)  [/> —or,  delicate  ;  dpi!;, 
hair].  Abnormal  or  excessive  fineness  and  delicacy 
of  the  haii. 

Leptoxylem  {lep-to-zi' -lem)  \a?~toc,  slender;  £r/or, 
wood].  In  biology,  undeveloped  or  rudimentary 
xylem. 

Leptus  {lept-tus)  [Xeirrdg,  thin].  A  genus  of  beetles. 
L.  autumnalis,  harvest  bug ;  mower's  mite.  A  para- 
site that  burrows  under  the  skin,  causing  lesions 
similar  to  those  of  itch.  See  Parasites  {Animal), 
Table  of. 

Lerema  (ler-e'-mali)  [//'/pr/iia,  idle  talk  :  pi. ,  Leremata]. 
An  idle  or  childish  utterance,  as  in  senility,  idiocy,  or 
dementia. 

Leresis  (ler-e'-sis)  \}.i]prjaig,  a  speaking  foolishly]. 
Garrulousness  ;    insane  or  senile  loquacity. 

Leros  [le'-ros)  ['/rjpog,  foolish  speaking].  Slight  delirium, 
with   talkativeness. 

Lerp  [Australian].  A  kind  of  manna  found  upon  the 
Eucalyptus  dumosa,  or  mallee,  an  Australian  shrub. 
L.-amylum,  CfiHin()5,  a  peculiar  carbohydrate  found 
in  the  thready  portion  of  lerp. 

Lesage,  Bacillus  of.  See  Bacteria,  Synonymatic 
Table  of. 


Lesbian  Love  [Aio  itot  ,  Lesbian].     See  Tribadism. 
Lesbianism   (les/  be-an-izm)  [Xiff/Jwc,  Lesbian].     The 

doctrine  of  Lesbian  love. 
Leschenema  \les-ken-e' -mah)  [MaxVt  talk;  /enxv^ev- 
eiv,  to  chat].  Insane,  senile,  or  hysteric  loquacity. 
Lesion  [le'-zhun)  \lcesio  ;  kedere,  to  hurt].  Any  injury, 
hurt,  or  wound  in  any  part  of  the  body.  In  patholo 
any  morbid  change.  L.,  Central,  one  affecting  the 
central  nervous  system.  L.  of  Continuity,  a  division 
or  break  in  any  part  that  is  normally  continuous.  L., 
Diffuse,  one  involving  all  tin-  ti— ues  of  an  organ. 
L.,  Focal,  in  the  nervous  system  a  circumscribed 
lesion  giving  rise  to  distinctive  and  localizing  symp- 
toms.      L.,  Initial,  of   Syphilis,  the  chai  L., 

Irritative,  in  the  nervous  system  a  lesion  exciting 
the  functions  of  the  part  wherein  it  is  situated.  L.  of 
Nutrition,  any  pathologic  alteration  in  the  capillary  sys- 
tem, consisting  of  increase  or  decrease  in  the  amount 
of  blood  required  for  assimilation  and  absorption. 
L.,  Organic,  a  morbid  structural  change  in  the  issues 
of  an  organ.  L.,  Peripheral,  a  lesion  of  the  nerve- 
trunks  or  of  their  terminations.  L.,  Primary,  of  the 
Skin,  tin-  change  in  the  skin  occurring  in  tin  devel- 
oping stage  of  a  skin-disease.  This  may  be  manifested 
by  the  macule,  the  papule,  the  tubercle,  the  pomphus, 
the  phyma,  the  vesicle,  the  bulla,  the  pustule.  L., 
Primary,  of  Syphilis.  See  L.,  Initial.  L.,  Sec- 
ondary. I.  In  the  skin,  the  change  occurring  in  the 
primary  lesion,  due  to  irritation  or  other  causes.  It  com- 
prises erosions,  ulcers,  rhagades,  squama;,  cicatrices  or 
scars,  crusts,  and  pigmentation.  2.  One  of  the  second- 
ary lesions  of  syphilis.  See  Syphilis.  L.,  Systematic 
or  Systemic,  in  the  spinal  cord  a  lesion  affecting  one 
or  more  distinct  systems  or  tracts,  as  in  posterior  sclero- 
sis, in  which  the  posterior  columns  or  tracts  are  dis- 
eased.     L.,  Traumatic,  one  due  to  an  injury. 

Lesser's  Triangle.     See  Triangles,  Table  of. 

Lethal  {le'-tlial)  \letalis ;  letum,  or  let  hum,  death]. 
Deadly  ;   pertaining  to  or  producing  death. 

Lethal  (lef -thai)  \tefiri,  forgetfulness],  C]2H.2(.0.  An 
alcohol  found   in  spermaceti. 

Lethality  {le-thal'-it-e)  \_lelhalitas,  from  letum,  death]. 
Deadliness. 

Lethargic  {letli-ai-'-jik)  [2.ijdapyiK6g,  from  "krfitj,  a  for- 
getting]. Relating  to,  affected  with,  or  of  the  nature 
of,  lethargy. 

Lethargogenic  {leth-ar-go-jen* -ik)  \7dfiapyog,  forget- 
ful ;   yevvav,  to  produce].      Giving  rise  to  lethargy. 

Lethargus  {le/li-ar'-gns).      See  African  Lethargy. 

Lethargy  (letlr'-ar-Je)  [/r/Hupyia  ;  '/.ifirj,  forgetfulness]. 
A  condition  of  drowsiness  or  stupor  that  cannot  be 
overcome  by  the  will.  See,  also,  Somnambulism.  L., 
African,  the  African  sleeping-sickness.  L.  of  Silk- 
worms.    See  Flachtrie. 

Lethe  [le'-tlic)  ['/ifi//,  forgetfulness].  Total  loss  of  mem- 
ory ;   amnesia. 

Letheomania  [le-the-o-ma'-ne-ali]  [/i/Oi/,  oblivion  ; 
fiavia,  madness].  Morbid  longing  for  narcotic 
drugs. 

Letheon  [le'-fhe-on)  [/i/0/;,  forgetfulness].  An  old 
trade  name  for  ethylic  ether,  used  as  an  anesthetic. 

Lethiferous  [letli-if  er-us)  \Mfiri,  forgetfulness  ;  fcrre, 
to  bear].      Producing  sleep. 

Letificant  {!c-tif'-ik-ant\  [Artificare,  to  make  glad].  A 
term  applied  to  any  remedy  acting  as  a  stimulant  tonic 
in  melancholy  and  languor. 

Lettered  (let'-crd)  [littera.  a  letter].  In  biology,  pos- 
sessing  markings  that  resemble  letters. 

Letterwort  [let'-ter-wert).   Same  as  Hellebore,  q.  v. 

Lettuce  [let' -us).     See  Lactucarium. 

Letzerich,  Bacillus  of.  See  Bacteria,  Svnonvmatit 
Table  of. 


1. 


1ER 

the 
oo 


I 


■ 

I,  .md 

incre- 

D  the  tu  cially 

ud  in    yellow 

n  rounded 

■  ' 

pure,  it  forms 

ible  in  hot 


•  white].      i.   Abnor- 
t  leucin,  as 
itrophy  of  the  liver. 

■.ucismu.-  '-inns)    [/• ■• 

Jting  from  bl 

m. 

'tis. 

ind  under  this  form 

;/. 
m   of   Lym- 

white;  anilin\  ■ 

sting    the 

phid.      It  occurs  as 

ii  h   separates    from 

ilin  by  oxidation. 

L., 

A  L.,  Congenital.     E 

.  blood], 

i    and    tlii     blood-making 

•   |"  rmanenl 

■ 

•  the 

i  pa 

ni.i 

)  ratio 

I  l  to  20, 1   tO 

n  the 
jtablished 


a 


:  irm 
itly,  if  at 
■  in  much 


i  to  1 

■    in  the 
and 

UK  •- 

of  a 


111  KOCYTIC 

diffuse  lymphatic  infiltration;  more  rarely  there  are 
distinct  lymphatic  tumors.  Charcot-Leyden  crystals 
I  in  the  blood  after  death.  Fever,  dizziness, 
and  hemorrhage,  and  a  peculiar  form  of  retinitis,  are 
often  present.     I  be  di  lisuallj  fatal. 

Leukemic  {lu-ke'-mik)  [Xevicdg,  white ;  ai/ia,  blood]. 
Pertaining  to  leukemia. 

Leuko-  [lu'-ko-)  [XevkSq,  white].     A   prefix  signifying 

white. 

Leukoblast  [luf -ko-blast\  [XevicSg, white  ;  SAoffrdc.germ]. 
i.  The  germ  oi  a  leukocyte;  also,  a  leukocyte  itself. 
2.  A  cell  in  bone  marrow,  of  a  type  that  is  believed  to 
become  developed  into  a  red  blood  corpuscle. 

Leukocarpous  \!u-ko-k<ir' -pus)  [/  m."<  ,  white;  na/mur, 
fruit].      In  biology,  bearing  white  fruit. 

Leukochroos,  or  Leukochrus    [lu-kok'-ro-os,  lu-kok'- 
I      VK6s,  white ;   r/o<&c,  skin] .   Having  a  white  skin. 

Leukocotin,  or  Leukocotoin  {lu-ko-ko/-tin,  lu-ko-ko- 
to'-in)  [Xevudg,  white  ;  coto\,  C^H^O,.  Abodyfound 
in  coto  bark. 

Leukocrystallin     [lu-ko-krisf -tal-in)     \2evs6g,    white ; 
-".  ckar  ice].      Peculiar  crystals  occasionally 
ml  in  tiie  blood  of  leukemic  patients. 

Leukocyte  (lu'-ko-sit)  \1evk6q,  white;  i&TOQ,  cell]. 
The  colorless  or  white  corpuscle  of  the  blood.  Leuko- 
cytes  have  ameboid  movement  and  are  formed  in  the 
lymphadenoid  tissue  of  the  spleen,  lymphatic  glands, 
intestinal  trad,  bone-marrow,  etc.,  and  probably  also  in 

the  lymph  and    bl 1.      Their  average  diameter  is  .oi 

mm.  i -,.'„,-,  inch).  In  normal  blood  Khrlich  distin- 
guishes the  following  varieties:  I.  Lymphocytes — 
small  cells  with  a  large  nucleus  that  stains  deeply, 
and  a  small  amount  of  protoplasm.  2.  Largt  uninu- 
clear   leukocytes — large    cells    with    a    single    large 


A.  Lymphocyte.  B.  Large  uninuclear  leukocytes.  C.  Transi- 
tional forms.  D.Dd.  Multinuclear  forms— neutrophile  cells. 
E.  Eosinophile  cells. 

nucleus,  staining  less  deeply,  and  a  large  amount  of 
protoplasm.  3.  Transitional  forms — cells  with  a  single 
indented  nucleus.  4.  Multinuclear  cells,  with  neutro- 
phile  granules — cells  having  a  polymorphous  nucleus  or 
nuclei.  These  constitute  70  percent,  of  the  en- 
tire number  of  white  blood  corpuscles.  >.  Eosinophile 
cells.  In  leukemia  another  cell,  the  mvclocy/c,  makes  its 
appearance.  This  is  a  large  uninuclear  cell,  with  neu- 
trophile granules.  1  ..".wit  recognizes  two  classes, 
leul  and  erythroblasts,  the  latter  the  anteced- 

ent- ol  the  red  corpuscles.  Most  authorities  reject 
this  division,  however.  L.,  Alpha,  and  L.,  Beta, 
two  terms  used  by  Heyl,  the  former  to  express  leuko- 
cytes  thai   d  rate  during  the  coagulation  of  the 

blood  ;   the  latter,  those  that  do  not. 

Leukocythemia  [lu-ko-si-the1 '-me-ah)  [favicdg,  white; 
.(ill;    difia,  blood].       See   Leukemia. 

Leukocythemic  {lu-ko-si-the' -mik)  \%evK&g,  white; 
kvtoq,    cell ;    ini/11.  blood].      Pertaining  to   leukemia. 

Leukocytic  (lu-ko-sif '-//•)  [/w.'.or,  white;  idiroc,  cell]. 
Relating  to  or  characterized  by  leukocytes. 


LEUKih  TTOGENESIS 


673 


LEUKOPHLEGMASIA 


Leukocytogenesis  (lu-ko-si-to-jen'-es-is)  [\evic6i  .  white  ; 
icbrog,  cell;  yewav,  to  beget].  The  formation  of 
white  blood-corpiiM-lc-,,  or  leukocytes. 

Leukocytolysis  (lu-ko -si-tol' -is-is)  [favi(6g,  white  ;  kvtoc, 
cell  ;  Xvacg,  solution].       The  destruction  of  leukocytes. 

Leukocytoma  [lu-ko-si-to'-mah)  [Xevic6g,  white;  sirnr, 
cell;  5/ia,  tumor:  pi. ,  Leukocytomatd\.  Any  tumor 
containing  cellular  growths  similar  in  constitution  to 
the  white  corpuscles  of  the  blood,  such  as  tubercle, 
lupus,  etc. 

Leukocytosis  {lu-ko-si-to'-sis)  [AewaJc,  white;  frfrrof, 
cell].  A  moderate  and  transient  increase  in  the  num- 
ber of  colorless  blood-corpuscles,  not  accompanied,  as 
in  leukemia,  by  splenic  and  true  glandular  enlargement 
or  disease  of  the  bone-marrow. 

Leukocytotic   (lu-ko-si-tot'-ik)    [\evn6g,   white;    a 
cell].      Pertaining  to  leukocytosis. 

Leukocyturia  (lu-ko-si-tu' -re-aJi)  [/ivmir,  white;  ici 
cell;  oipov,  urine].     The  presence  of  colorless  blood- 
corpuscles  in  the  urine. 

Leukoderma  (lu-ko-der/-mah)  [aedkoc,  white ;  deppa, 
skin].  Leukasmus ;  achroma  cutis ;  leukopatkia ;  a 
congenital  pigment-anomaly  of  the  skin,  in  which,  at 
the  time  of  birth  or  soon  after,  whitish  patches  or 
bands,  irregularly  outlined  and  usually  isolated,  appear 
upon  the  skin  of  the  child.  See  Vitiligo.  L.,  Ac- 
quired. See  Vitiligo.  L.,  Congenital.  See  Al- 
binismus.  L.,  Neuritic,  L.,  Neurotic,  a  localized 
pigment-atrophy,  of  nervous  origin.  L.,  Syphilitic. 
See  Syphilid,  Pigmentary. 

Leukodermic  (lu-ko-der' '-mik)  \_7.evK0c,  white ;  deppa, 
skin].      Exhibiting  or  pertaining  to  leukoderma. 

Leukodontous  (lu-ko-don' '-tus)  [tevnoc,  white ;  odoic, 
tooth].      Having  white  teeth. 

Leukogallol  (lu-ko-gaV -of)  [/.evnoc,  white  ;  galla,  gall], 
Cj8H10Cl12OM.  A  colorless  substance,  soluble  in 
water,  prepared  by  treating  an  acetic  acid  solution  of 
pyrogallol  with  chlorin  and  hydrochloric  acid. 

Leukogasterous  (lu-ko-gas/ -ter-us)  [Xevnfig,  white ; 
yaari/p,  belly].     White-bellied. 

Leukogene  (lu'-ko-jen)  [favicdg,  white;  yewav,  to  be- 
get].    A  bleaching-agent. 

Leukohemia  (lu-ko-hem'-e-ah).     See  Leukemia. 

Leukohemic  (lu-ko-hem' '-ik)  .     See  Leukemic. 

Leukoinoitis  (lu-ko-in-o-i' -tis)  [tevic6g,  white  ;  Ig,  fiber; 
trie,  inflammation].  Rheumatic  inflammation  of  the 
white  fibrous  elements  of  the  bronchi. 

Leukol  (lu'-kol).     See  Chinolina. 

Leukolin  (lu'-ko-lin).     See  Chinolina. 

Leukolomous  (lu-kol'-o-mus)  [tevudg,  white;  ?.(bpa, 
border  of  a  garment].      Having  a  white  border. 

Leukolysis  (lu-koF -is-is)  \levKoc,  white ;  '/.voir,  solu- 
tion]. The  process  of  destruction  of  the  colorless 
corpuscles  of  the  blood. 

Leukoma  (lu-ko' '-ma/i)  \7.evnupa;  levnoc,  white].  An 
opacity  of  the  cornea  the  result  of  an  ulcer,  wound,  or 
inflammation,  and  presenting  an  appearance  of  ground 
glass.  The  term  has  been  used  also  for  albumin.  See 
Leukoplaques.  L.,  Partial,  a  leukoma  circumscribed 
to  a  part  of  the  cornea.  L.,  Total,  a  leukoma  involv- 
ing the  entire  cornea. 

Leukomain,  or  Leucomain  (lu-ko* -ma-iri)  [/.ei'nopa, 
white  of  egg].  The  name  applied  by  Gautier  to  the 
nitrogenous  bases  or  alkaloids  necessarily  and  nor- 
mally developed  by  the  vital  functions  or  metabolic 
activity  of  living  organisms,  as  distinguished  from 
the  alkaloids  developed  in  dead  bodies,  and  called 
by  Selmi  ptomains.  From  their  chemic  affinities 
leukomains  may  be  divided  into  two  groups :  the 
Urid  acid  group,  comprising  Adenin,  Carnin,  Ger- 
ontin,  Guanin,  Heteroxanthin,  Hypoxanthin,  Para- 
xanthin,    Pseudoxanthin,    Spermin,    Xanthin :    and 

43 


the  Kreatinin  group,  in  which  are  classed  Amphi-krea- 
tinin,  Cruso- kreatinin,  Xantho- kreatinin,  and  some 
unnamed  bases.  The  appended  table,  p.  074,  is  modi- 
lied  from  the  work  of  Vaughan  and  Novy. 

Leukomainemia  (lu-ko-ma  in  ,'  me-ah)  [TievKupa, 
white  of  egg  ;  alfia,  blood].  The  presence  of  leuko- 
mains in  the  blood;  the  retention  or  imperfect  elim- 
ination of  the  various  excretory  products  of  the  liv- 
ing cells  of  the  organism. 

Leukomainic  (lu-ko-maf -in-ik\  VkevKUfia,  white  of 
egg].     Pertaining  to,  or  of  the  nature  of,  a  leukomain. 

Leukomatoid  (lu-ko' '-mat-oid  |.      See  Leukomatous. 

Leukomatorrhea  Uu-ko-mat-or-e' '-ak\  [/Xevnupa,  white 
of  egg  ;  po  a.  a  now].  An  excessive  whitish  secre- 
tion. L.  salivalis,  salivation.  L.  urinalis,  albu- 
minuria.     L.  vaginalis,  leukorrhea. 

Leukomatosis  (lu-ko-mat-o/-sis)  [/ti-nwpa,  white  of 
egg  ;  j ocroc,  disease].  Abnormal  increase  of  albumin 
in  a  part,  as  in  the  cornea,  the  lens,  the  joints;  also 
amyloid  degeneration. 

Leukomatous  (lu-ko' -mat-us)  [/evaupa,  white  of  egg]. 
Having  the  nature  of  leukoma.  Affected  with 
leukoma. 

Leukomelanic  (lu  ko-mel'-an-ik),  Leukomelanous 
(lu-ko-mel' '-an-us)  [Aevudq,  white  ;  petxir,  black].  Hav- 
ing a  light,  or  fair  skin,  and  black  hair. 

Leukomoria  (lu-ko-mo' '-re-ah  )  [%evn6g,  white,  pale  ; 
pupia,  folly].  Restless  or  wandering  melancholy  ; 
melancholia  errabunda. 

Leukomyces  (lu-kom'-is-ez)  [/.fu/coc,  white  ;  pi tajg, 
fungus,  mushroom:  pi. ,  Leukomycetes~\.  The  genus 
Agaricus,  or  mushroom. 

Leukomycosis  (lu-ko-mi-ko'-sis)  jVewcdc,  white; 
pinr/g,  fungus].  A  name  applied  to  leukemia,  based 
on  its  supposed  infectious  origin. 

Leukomyelitis  (lu-ko-  mi-el-i' -tis)  ['/wkoc,  white; 
pi't'/oe,  marrow].  Inflammation  of  the  white  or  fibrous 
substance  of  the  spinal  cord.  L.  posterioris  chronica, 
posterior  sclerosis  ;    locomotor  ataxia. 

Leukomyelopathy  (lu-ko-mi-el-op'-ath-e)  ['/evKoc, 
white;  pve'/.og,  marrow  ;  wddoc,  disease].  Any  disease 
of  the  white  substance  of  the  myelon  or  spinal  cord. 

Leukon  (lu'-kori)  [/ evade;,  white].  In  biology,  a  race 
with  fair  complexions  and  yellow  or  red  hair.  Cf. 
Xanthochroia. 

Leukonecrosis  (lu-ko-ne-kro'-sis)  [/evade,  white  ;  veapu- 
01c,  death].  A  form  of  dry  gangrene,  distinguished 
by  light  or  nearly  natural  color,  instead  of  the  usual 
dark  color  of  gangrene. 

Leukonic  Acid  (lu-kon'-ik).      See  Acid. 

Leukonostoc  (lu-ko-uos'-fok)  [favudg,  white,  and  nos- 
toc\.  A  genus  of  schizomycetes,  having  its  elements 
disposed  in  chains  and  enveloped  in  a  sheath  of  tough 
jelly.  L.  mesenteroi'des,  is  abundant  in  molasses, 
beet-root  juice,  and  in  sugar-refineries.  See  Bacteria, 
Synonymatic  Table  of. 

Leukopathic  (lu-ko-path'-ik)  [/evade,  white;  Tvadoc, 
disease].      Relating  to  or  affected  with  leukopathia. 

Leukopathy  (lu-kop'-ath-e),  Leukopathia  (lu-ko- 
path'-e-ah)  [Xevicdg,  white ;  reddog,  suffering].  Any 
deficiency  of  coloring-matter  ;  albinism.  See  Leuko- 
derma. L.,  Congenital.  See  Albinism.  L.,  Ac- 
quired. See  Leukoderma.  L.,  Partial.  See  Vitiligo. 
L.,  Universal.     Albinism. 

Leukophagium  (lu-ko-faj' '-e-uni),  Leukophagum  (lu- 
koff  f -ag-um)  ['/evade,  white;  ipayelv,  to  eat].  An 
old  remedy  for  pulmonary  tuberculosis,  consisting  of 
almonds,   rose  water,  and  partridge-flesh. 

Leukophilous  (lu-koff'-il-us)  ['/evade,  white;  oi/.oc, 
loving].      In  biology,  light  loving. 

Leukophlegmasia  (lu-ko-fleg-mar -ze-ah)  ['/evade, 
white  ;  0/   -  ua,  phlegm].     I.  A  condition  marked  by  a 


674 


- 

L.    iCthiopum, 

rum.      S 
I.  .  Essentia 

I...   Hys- 

ients. 

L.,    Urinary, 


I  i  i  KOP1  EUROUS 

Leukopiper  [lu-ko-pi' -per)  [/r-.-.  white;  piper,  pep- 
per].    White  pepper. 

Leukoplakia  {lu-kopla' -ke-ah)  [/Uiwttfc,  white;  irAdf, 
Whitening  of  a  surface.  L.  buccalis,  a 
chronic  superficial  glossitis  characterized  by  the  pres- 
ence of  pearly-white  or  bluish  white  patches  on  the 
surface  of  the  tongue.  This  condition  is  also  called 
It  is  a  rare  affection  in  individuals  under 
twenty,  and  in  women.  It  is  due  to  some  irritant 
cause,  such  as  the  smoking  of  a  pipe  and  the  wearing 
of  tooth  plates. 


fABLE  OF  LEUKOMAINS. 


Source. 

Phvsiologic  Action. 

Muscle. 

• 

Meat-extract. 

Non-poisonous. 

Gaul 

Muscle. 

lis. 

Liver  of  dog. 

Poisonous;  paralyzes 
nerve-centers. 

Animal  and  vegetable  tissues  ; 
guano. 

Non-poisonous. 

noli. 

Trine. 

:er. 

Brain,    muscle,    kidney,   liver, 
spleen,  certain  plants,  etc. 

Non-poisonous ;  excito- 
motor. 

iretchi  a n  d 
Mosso. 

Fresh  meat. 

Thudichum. 

Urine. 

Thudichum,    Sal- 

OIW 

Urine. 

Poisonous. 

Miescher. 

Spawn  of  salmon. 

Gautier. 

Muscle. 

Thudichum. 

Urine. 

Zalesky. 

Salamander. 

Poisonous. 

thin. 

Schreiner. 

Semen,      testicles;      Charcqt- 
l.i  \, leu    crystals;    tissues   in 
leukemia. 

Non-poisonous. 

Poui  het. 

I'rii 

het. 

Trine. 

Gautier. 

Muscle. 

Gautier. 

Muscle. 

heft*. 

Normal  urine. 

Slightly  poisonous. 

1 

Trine  in  tuberculosis 

I'oisonous. 

Mai 

animal    tissues  ;    o 
ii  calculi. 

Slightly  poisonous;    mus- 
cle-stimulant. 

tier. 

Mu 

Poisonous. 

- 


'    I  leu- 

todc  Leu- 


.  white  ; 


Leukoplaques  [luf -ko-plaks) [XevuSg,  white;  -/</;",  sur- 
I  he  while  patches  of  Leukoplakia  buccalis, q. v. 

Leukoplasia  [lu-ko-pla' '-ze-aA).     See  Leukoplakia. 

Leukoplast,  or  Leukoplastid  (lu-ko-plast* ,  or  lu-ko- 
plast'-i<i)  [/Mv.xr,  white;  wAAooeiv,  to  form].  In 
biology,  one  of  the  starch  forming,  colorless,  proteid 
bodies  found  in  cells  not  exposed  to  light;  amyloplast. 

Leukoplaxia  (lu-ko-plaks'-e-aA).     See  Leukoplakia. 

Leukopleurous  {lu-ko-pluf-rus  )[7a  vk6\  ,  white  ;  irTxvpfo, 
rib].      I  laving  whip  i  flanks. 


LEUKOPOMOUS 


675 


II, DEN 


Leukopodious,  Leukopodous  [lu-ko-pc/ -de-us,  lu-kop'- 
o-dus)  [/cvhoc,  white;  nobs,  foot].  Having  white- 
feet. 

Leukopogous  [lu-kop,-o-gus\  [tevicdg,  white;  ir&yov, 
heard].      White- bearded. 

Leucopous  [luf-ko-pus).     See  Leukopodous. 

Leukops  {lu'-fcops)  [tevxdg,  white;  d>ip,  eye].  An 
individual  having  white  eyes 

Leukopterous  [lu-kopr -ter-us)  [/l««<5c,  white;  ■KTtp6v, 
wings].      In  biology,  possessing  white  wings. 

Leukorrhagia  [lu-kor-a'-je-ah  |[/Uwcdi ;,  white  ;  peyvvvat, 
to  burst  forth].      An  excessive  leukorrheal  How. 

Leukorrhea  [lu-kor-e'-aK)  [Aev/aJc,  white  ;  poia, a  flow]. 
A  whitish  muco-purulent  discharge  from  the  female 
genital  canal,  popularly  called  ' '  the  whites."  L.,  Cer- 
vical, that  due  to  disease  of  the  cervix  uteri.  L.,  In- 
fantile, a  form  occurring  in  female  infants,  due  to  lack 
of  cleanliness,  to  irritant  urine,  or  to  worms.  L.,  Men- 
strual, a  variety  occurring  in  young  anemic  girls  at  the 
menstrual  period,  instead  of  the  menses.  L.  nabothi,  a 
sero  sanguineous  discharge  occurring  for  two  or  three 
days  before  labor.  L.  masculina  syphilitica.  Syno- 
nym of  Gonorrhea,  q.  v.  L.  of  Pregnancy,  a  vaginal 
discharge  in  the  pregnant  woman.  It  is  more  abundant 
than  in  the  non-pregnant  state,  and  is  sometimes 
confounded  with  hydrorrhea  gravidarum.  L., 
Periodic,  a  periodic  form  coinciding  with  the 
menstrual  periods.  L.,  Uterine,  L.,  Vaginal,  L., 
Vulval,  forms  due  to  uterine,  vaginal,  and  vulval  in- 
flammation respectively. 

Leukorrheal  [lu-kor-e* '-a/)  [?LEVK6g,  white;  poia,  flow]. 
Of  the  nature  of,  or  pertaining  to,  leukorrhea. 

Leukosarcoma  [lu-ko-sar-ko* -mah)  [/.evuog,  white ; 
aapKUfia,  a  fleshy  tumor:  pi,  Leukosarcomata\.  A 
non-pigmented  sarcoma. 

Leukoscope  (luf -ko-skop)  [Xevicdg,  white ;  okotteiv,  to 
inspect].  An  instrument  used  in  testing  for  color- 
blindness. 

Leukosin  {lu'-ko-sin)  [tatwede,  white].  A  principle 
said  by  some  to  be  present  in  asthma-crystals,  and  in 
crystals  found  in  the  blood  in  certain  cases  of  leuke- 
mia. 

Leukosis  {lu-ko'-sis)  YkevK&g,  white  :  pi.,  Leukoses'].  I. 
Any  disease  of  the  lymphatic  system.  2.  Abnormal 
whiteness  of  the  skin.  Also,  the  development  and 
progress  of  leukoma. 

Leukospermous  [lu-ko-sper'-mus)  [/fi'mio,  white  ; 
awipfia,  seed].      In  biology,  bearing  white  seeds. 

Leukotic  Uu-koP-ik)  [Xewa5c,  white].  Relating  to 
leukoma. 

Leukotin  {lu-ko' -tin)  [Aetwoc,  white].  C21H20O6.  A 
crystalline  substance  found  in  Paracoto ;  it  is  soluble 
in  alcohol,  ether,  and  chloroform. 

Leukotrichous  {lu-kof -rik-us)  [XevicSg,  white  ;  dpi!-, 
hair].     White-haired. 

Leukoturic  Acid  {lu-kot-u'-rik).     See  Oxalantin. 

Leukous  {lit* -kits)  [fowc<5f,  white].     White. 

Leukuresis  {I it -ku- re' -sis)  \Jxvkoc,  white  ;  ovpov,  urine]. 
Albuminuria. 

Leusin  (/u'-sin).     See  Leucin. 

Levant  Plague.  Synonym  of  the  Plague,  q.  v.  L. 
Wormseed.     See  Santonica. 

Levantine  Plague.     Synonym  of  the   Plague,  q.  v. 

Levasseur  Sign.     See  Death. 

Levator    [le-va'-tor)    [L.,  "  a  lifter  :" //..   Levatores\ 
I.   That  which  raises  or  elevates,  as  certain  must 
See   Muscles,   Table  of.      2.    An    instrument    used    for 
raising  a  depressed  portion  of  the  skull. 
Leven   ilev'-en).      See  I, area. 

Lever  '{le/-ver)  \levare,  to  elevate].  i.  A  vectis  or 
one-armed  tractor,  used  in  obstetrics.  2.  A  dental 
instrument,  used  in  lifting  out   decayed    stumps.     L., 


Davy's,  an  aorta-compressor.      It  is  a  wooden  bar, 
which  is  introduced  into  the  rectum. 

Levert's  Law.     See    Law. 

Levicellular  [lev-e-sel'-u-lar)  [levis,  smooth ;  cellula, 
cell].  Smooth-celled,  as  a  levicellular  myoma,  or  a 
levicellular  muscle  tiber. 

Levigable  (lev* -ig-a-bl)  \lawigare,  to  make  smooth]. 
Susceptible  of  being  levigated,  or  reduced  to  fine 
powder  by  a  mechanical  process. 

Levigate  at)   \_kevigare,  to  make  smooth].     To 

reduce  to  a  fine  powder  by  rubbing  or  grinding  ;  to  trit- 
urate. 

Levigation  [lev-ig-af-shun\  \lavigatio ;  lawigare,  to 
make  smooth].  The  trituration  of  a  substance  made 
into  a  paste  with  water  or  other  liquid.  When  per- 
formed with  a  muller  on  a  slab  of  porphyry  it  is  called 
porpkyrization. 

Levis's  Apparatus.  An  apparatus  for  treating  fracture 
of  the  clavicle,  composed  of  an  axillary  pad  and  a 
sling.  L.'s  Splints,  supporting  structures  made  of 
light  metal,  and  perforated,  for  use  in  the  treatment  of 
fractures. 

Levitation  {lev  it-a'-shuri)  \levitas,  lightness],  i.  The 
pretended  elevation  of  the  body  into  the  air  without  sup- 
port, a  feat  professedly  performed  by  various  modern 
thaumaturgists.  2.  The  subjective  sense  of  being 
aloft,  anil  without  support ;  a  symptom  in  certain  cases 
of  insanity. 

Levogyrous  {le-vo-ji' '-rus\  \_hc7<us,  left;  yvpog,  a  turn]. 
See  Levorotatory. 

Levorotatory  (le-To-ro'  -tat-o-  re)  \larvus,  left  ;  rotare,  to 
turn].  Causing  to  turn  toward  the  left  hand;  a  levo- 
rotatory crystal  is  one  that  turns  the  rays  of  polarized 
light  to  the  left. 

Levulan  {lev* -u-lati)  \_Lfvus,  left],  C6H10O5.  An  an- 
hydrid  of  levulose  obtained  from  beet-sugar  molasses. 

Levulin  {lev' -u-lin)  \lcevus,  left].  A  carbohydrate 
identical  with  synanthrose,  occurring  in  immature  grain 
and  the  tubers  of  certain  composite  flowers. 

Levulinic  Acid  [lev-u-lin'  -ik).     See  Acid. 

Levulosan  [lev-u-lo'-san)  \hevus,  left],  C6H10O5.  A 
dehydration-product  prepared  by  heating  levulose. 

Levulose  [lev'-u-los)  [lavus,  left],  C6HX206.  The 
natural  sugar  of  fruits.  It  reduces  an  alkaline  solution 
of  copper  sulphate.    See  Sugar,  Glucose,  and  Fructose. 

Levulosuria  [lev-u-los-u* -re-ah)  [lotus,  left;  ovpov, 
urine].  The  presence  of  levulose,  or  fruit-sugar,  in  the 
urine. 

Lewinin  {Juf -in-in)  [from  Dr.  Lewin,  who  described 
it].  The  alpha  resin  of  kava,  q.  r.  ;  it  is  said  by 
Lewin  to  be  as  effective  a  local  anesthetic  as  cocain. 

Lexipharmac  {leks-if-ar* '-mak)  tyqt-u;,  cessation  ;  oap- 
puK/'iv,  poison].      An  alexipharmac. 

Lexipyretic  {leks-ip-i-rei> '-ik)  [H/Ztr,  cessation  ;  -v/>er6g, 
fever].  I.  febrifugal;  antipyretic.  2.  A  febrifugal 
medicine. 

Leyden  [li'-den)  [Dutch].  A  town  in  Holland.  L. 
Battery.  A  series  of  Leyden  jars  connected  tandem. 
L.-blue.  Same  as  Cobalt-blue.  L.  Jar,  a  glass 
jar  coated  within  and  without  with  tinfoil,  reaching 
nearly  to  the  neck,  and  surmounted  by  a  knobbed 
conductor  in  connection  with  the  inner  coating.  It 
is  designed  for  the  temporary  "accumulation"  of 
electricity,  or  rather  for  the  preservation  of  the  high 
potential  to  which  the  inner  foil  may  be  charged.  It 
is  discharged  by  connecting  the  outer  foil  with  the 
knob.  The  jar  was  first  made  in  the  town  of  Leyden, 
its  discovery  being  due  to  Cuneus,  a  pupil  of  Muschen- 
brreck.  It  is  also  called  Kleistian  jar  or  Kleist's  jar. 
Kleist  was  a  prebendary  of  Cammin,  in  Pomerania, 
and  is  said  to  have  invented  the  jar  independently  of 
Cuneus,  and  a   year  before  him,  viz.,  in   1745.       L., 


11 

Periodic    Vomit    of. 

I 

L.Duct 

L.elegans.and 

1.    ->quar- 
rattlesnal 
11a,  contains 
the  tonka  bean. 


■ 

1 
: 


am. 

I  rankin- 


1  I.iquorof.  An  old  name  for  anhy- 

1  A  book.      L.  pharmaceuticus, 

1  .  the  inni  l  ';'" 

in  <  iymnosperms  and    1  hco- 

!  |  ,   to   make    fi   i  | 

L.  oi"   the    Arms,  in  breech- 

•   the  arms  of  the 

me    extended    along  the 

Libcromotor  to  diseng 

.  aging   motor 

|  .  inosus,  lustful].     Char- 

lie. 
i       I  >i  sire  ;    lu-t.       L.  intestini, 
Uon.     L.  sexualis,  hist.     L.  urinae, 
■ 
Ltbonus,    Bacillus    of.  ia,   Synonytnatic 

!  .    a    balance].     A    weight    of 

tins.    Also,  applied  to  the 

av  .  or  7000  grains. 

Libriform  .    inner    bark  ;    forma, 

In  >embling    liber   or   hast.     L. 

Cc!  ...  essively 

■  liber-fib 
Lice 

1  ■■].      An  official  per- 

re<  ipient  the  right 
ion. 
Licentiate  ne    licensed]. 

who  practises  a 

A   generic  term 

tions  of 

oi  solid  papules 

the    disease.       L. 

acuminatu    .  >■    in   which    the 

isually  a  ute 

1    ptoms 

■   hing. 

with 

rally  l><- 

L. 

L.    annulatus 

L.  Carrageen. 

I.      ircinatus  serpiginosus. 

L.  circumscriptus.  -  /. 

I 

L.  corneus, 
1  ;  horny 

L  "■  urn. 


LICHENIASIS 

L.  disseminatus,  a  variety  in  which  the    lesions  are 
irregularly  scattered  over  the  body.     L.  ferox  or  L. 
ferus.   See  L.  agrius.  L.gyratus.  See  Seborrhea  eor- 
L.  haemorrhagicus,  a  petechial  papular  erup- 
tion.     L.  inveterata,  a  chronic  intractable  form,  with 
marked  thickening  of  the  skin.     L.  lividus,  a  severe 
form  of  purpura  in  which  hemorrhage  occurs  into  the 
lesions  around  the  follicles.     L.  menti.     See  Sycosis. 
L.  obtusus,  Lichen  ruber  obtusus ;    a    variety  of  L. 
planus  in  which   the    lesion  consists  of   medium-sized 
papules,  bemispherically  formed,  flattened  on  the  top, 
and    marked    in    the    center    by   a   fine    indentation, 
hard,  dry,  -1 th,  wax-like,  translucent  to  brownish- 
red,  and  scaleless.     The  disease  is  less  acute  than  /.. 
acutninatus,  itches  less,  and  is  mostly  circumscribed. 
The  hair  and   nails  never  suffer.      L.   pilaris,    Lichen 
spinulosis;  Lichen  spinosus;  an  inflammatory  disease 
of  the  hair  follicles,  in  which  a  spinous  epidermic  peg 
upies  the  center  of  the  papule.      It  is  a  rather  rare 
disease  and    occurs   mostly  in   children.      The  papules 
appear   in  crops,  each  one   being    the  size  of  a  pin's 
head,  red,  conic,  and  containing  in  its  center  a  horny 
spine  that    projects    about    one-sixteenth  of  an  inch. 
["here    is    little  or    no    itching.       See    also   Keratosis 
pilaris.      L.  planus,  Lichen    ruber  planus  :     Lichen 
psoriasis;  an  inflammatory  skin-disease,  with  an  erup- 
tion made  up  of  papules  that  are  broad  and  angular  at 
the  base,  flat   and  apparently  glazed  on  the  summit, 
slightly  umbilicated,  and  of  a  dull  purplish-red  color. 
These  lesionsare  usually  symmetrically  disposed,  and  are 
generally  situated  on  the  flexor  surfaces  of  the  forearms, 
about  the  wrists,  the  Hanks,  around  the  waist,  and  the 
knees,  and  calves,  and  alsoonthe  mucous  membranes. 
The  papules  may  be  discrete  or  may  coalesce,  and  itch- 
ing may  be  slight  oi  severe.    L.  planus  verrucosus,  a 
late  stage  of  L.  planus,  characterized  by  wart-like  en- 
largements  of  the  papillae,  which  are  covered  with  dense 
homy  crusts  of  a  dirty-lilac  hue.   They  are  usually  seen 
on  the  lower  part  of  the  leg.    L.  psoriasis.    See   L. 
pi, in  us.      L.   ruber,    Lichen     ruber  acuminafus ;     a 
very  rare  skin-disease,  with    lesions  consisting,   in  the 
beginning,  of  discrete,  miliary,  conic  papules,  but,  as 
the  disease  advances,  becoming  aggregated  and  form- 
ing continuous    red,  infiltrated,   and  scaling  patches. 
The  whole  surface  may  eventually  become  involved. 
The  nails  of  the  fingers  and  toes  become  affected,  be- 
ing of  a  dirty-brown  color,  rough,  flaky,  and  breaking 
off    short.       The    etiology    and    pathology    of     this 
condition    are     obscure.       L.    ruber    acuminatus. 
See  Pityriasis    rubra  pilaris  and    Lichen  ruber.      L. 
ruber  moniliformis,  a  rare  variety  in  which,  besides 
the   ordinary    papules    and    plaques,   there    are    thick 
moniliform  bands  in  the  flexures  of  the  limbs,  on  the 
abdomen,  and  on  the  neck.   L.  ruber  obtusus.  See  L. 
obtusus.    L.  ruber  planus.  See  L.  planus.  L.   scrof- 
ulosorum.      See  L.   scrofulosus.      L.  scrofulosus, 
L.  scrofulosorum  ;   a  form  occurring  in   strumous  chil- 
dren.     The  eruption  is  situated  on  the  trunk  especially 
upon  the  bark,  either  diffusely  or  in  patches.     The 

papule-  are  very  small,  pale,  conn  .  and  surmounted 
by  fine  scales  ;  they  cause  no  itching,  and  on  fading 
leave  a  rather  persistent  yellowish  pigmentation. 
L.  simplex.  Gale  bedouine ;  the  papular  stage  of 
eczema.  Sec  Eczema  papulosum.  L.  spinosus.  See 
L. pilaris.  L.  spinulosus.  See  Keratosis  pilaris  and 
I '..-■  hen  pilaris.  L.  strophulosus.  See  Strophulus. 
L.     syphiliticus,     the     minute       papular     syphilid. 

Syphilid,  Follicular.     L.  tropicus.     See  Prickiy 

Heat.        L.     urticatus.       See     Urticaria     papulosa. 

Licheniasis     (li-ken-i'-n    is)    \'/:i\ilr.    lichen].        The 

liti  in  of  one  affected  by  one  of  the  forms  of  lichen. 
L.  strophulus.     See  Lit  hen  strophulus. 


I.K  Hl.NH  (U.oL'S 


077 


I.Il.i    I  ALJ  >,    I  \  I'l.A  01 


Lichenicolous  {li-ken-ik* -o-lus)  [/.nxi/v,  a  lichen  ; 
colere,  to  inhabit].  Growing  as  a  parasite  upon 
lichens. 

Licheniform  (li-ken' -if-orm)  ['/.n\i/r,  lichen,  tree-moss  ; 
forma,  form].      Shaped  like  a  Lichen. 

Lichenin  (li'-ken-in)  [/!(|'/i',  lichen],  C6H10O6  or  C12- 
H20OI0.  Moss-starch;  a  starch-like  body  found  in 
lichens,  especially  in  Cetraria,  Ramalina,  Usnea, 
Parmelia,  Cladonia,  and  in  Corsican  moss  (Alsidium 
fielminthockorton).  Iodin  imparts  a  dirty  blue  color 
to  it.  It  is  insoluble  in  cold  water,  but  forms  a  jelly 
with  hot  water.  See  Cetraria  ;  also,  Carbohydrate's, 
Tabic-  of, 

Lichenism  [li' '-ken-izm)  [/e/x'/v,  lichen].  In  biology, 
the  special  form  of  consortism  or  symbiosis  exhibited 
by  algai  and  fungi  in  lichens.  Cf.  Schwendener' s 
Theory. 

Lichenoid  (li'-ken-oid)  [Aeixfiv,  lichen;  eldog,  like]. 
I.  Same  as  Dextrolichenin.  2.  See  Wandering 
Rash. 

Lichnoerythrin  (lik  no-er'-ith-rin)  [>t/\7/r,  lichen; 
ipvdpoc,  red.]  A  group  of  red  coloring-matters  found 
especially  in  lichens. 

Lichnoxanthin  (Jik-no-zan' '-thin)  [\eixfyv,  lichen ; 
fai'fVdc,  yellow].  A  group  of  yellow  coloring-matters 
occurring  in  both  the  highest  and  lowest  classes  of 
plants,  but  especially  developed  in  lichens. 

Lichtheim's  Schema.  A  diagrammatic  representation 
of  the  centers  and  pathways  concerned  in  written 
and  spoken  language.  In  the  schema,  A  represents 
the  center  for  visual  memories,  and  '  >  that  for  auditory 
memories.  M  is  the  center  for  muscular  memories  con- 
cerned in  speech,  and  W  that  for  muscular  memories 
connected  with  writing.  I  is  the  center  for  intellectual 
concepts.  Taking  the  word  ' '  bell  "  as  an  example,  at  A 
will  be  stored  the  memory  of  the  appearance  of  the  bell, 
at  O  that  of  the  sound  of  the  word,  at  M  the  memory 
of  the  muscular  movements  necessary  to  pronounce  the 
word,  and  at  W  those  concerned  in  writing  it.  I  re- 
presents the  center  of  the  intellectual  concept  of  the 
object  "  bell  " — the  knowledge  of  its  uses  and  prop- 
erties. The  lines  indicate  afferent,  efferent,  and 
connecting  pathways. 


Hand       Mouth 


Lichthuim's  Schema. 


Licinium  (li-sin' '-e-um)  [licium,  a  thread  of  a  web  : 
gen.,  Licinii].      Lint;  surgeon's  lint  or  charpie. 

Lick  (lik)  [ME.,  licken,  to  lick].  To  rub  with  the 
tongue ;  to  lap. 

Licoperdon  (li-ko-perf-dori).    See  Lycoperdon. 

Licorice  [lik'-or-is)  [ME.,  licorice,  licorice].  See 
Glycyrrkiza.     L.,    Indian.     See  Abrus. 

Lid  [ME.,  lid,  lid].  See  Air//,/.  L. -cells,  in  biology, 
the  "  stigmatic  cells  "  which  for  a  time  close  the  neck 
of  the  archegonium  in  cryptogamic  plants.  L. -clamp. 
See  Blepharostat. 


Lie  (li  1  [ME.,  lien,  to  lie].  1.  To  rest  in  a  recumbent 
position.  2.  A  popular  name  for  a  "gift  spot"  or 
white  spot  upon  a  finger  nail. 

Lieberkiihn's  Reflector  (le* -ber-keri)  [after  Lieber- 
kuhn,  a  1  icrman  physician].  A  device  attached  to 
a  microscope  lor  the  purpose  of  throwing  lighl  u 
opaque  object!  L.'s  Ampulla.  See  Ampulla.  L., 
Crypts  of.  See  Crypt.  L.,  Glands  of.  See  Gland. 
L.'s  Jelly,  an  insoluble  variety  of  alkali-albumin 
formed  by  adding  strong  potash  to  undiluted  white 
of  egg. 

Liebermann's  Reaction.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Liebig  (le'-/>i\r).  A  celebrated  German  chemist  and 
physiologist.  L.'s  Beef-tea,  the  soluble  extractive 
matter  of  Kan  meat.  It  i>  prepared  by  macerating  a 
pound  of  lean  meat,  free  from  fat  and.  cut  into  small 
pieces,  in  a  pint  of  cold  water,  in  which  rr^xxx 
of  hydrochloric  acid  and  gr.  xl  of  sodium  chlorid 
have  been  dissolved.  The  liquid  is  expressed  and 
strained.  L.'s  Bouillon.  See  Bouillon.  L.'s 
Extractum  carnis,  a'  proprietary  preparation  con- 
sisting of  the  soluble  fibrin  of  meat  with  the  natural 
mineral  salts  and  a  flavoring  principle,  osmazome. 
L.'s  Foods,  those  infant-food>  in  which  the  starch  is 
to  a  great  extent  converted  into  sugar  by  malting. 
L.'s  Infants'  Food,  a  highly  nutritious  food  made 
in  the  following  manner  :  Mix  well  y2  ounce  of 
ground  malt  with  ',  ounce  of  wheat-flour  and  7^ 
grains  of  potassium  bicarbonate;  add  1  ounce  of 
water  and  5  ounces  of  fresh  cow's  milk.  Warm  over 
a  slow  fire,  and  keep  stirring  until  it  begins  to  thicken. 
Remove  from  the  fire,  stir  for  five  minutes,  replace  it 
on  the  fire,  and  remove  it  as  soon  as  thick.  As  the 
starch  is  converted  into  dextrin  and  sugar  by  the 
diastase  of  the  malt,  it  will  become  a  thin  and  sweet 
liquid.  Then,  finally,  boil  it  well.  Strain  through 
muslin.  L.'s  Method,  a  method  of  estimating  the 
chlorids  in  the  urine,  by  precipitation  by  mercuric 
nitrate.      See  also  Urea. 

Liebreich's  Bandage.  See  Bandage.  L.'s  Solution, 
a  solution  of  cantharidinate  of  potassium  for  hypo- 
dermatic injection  in  the  treatment  of  tuberculous. 
Cantharidin  2,  hydrate  of  potassium  4  (or  hydrate  of 
sodium  3),  distilled  water  200.  Heat  to  solution 
and  add  distilled  water  q.  s.  to  10,000.  Dose  by 
hypodermatic  injection,  ).'z  to  I  c.c.  (8  to  16  minims). 
It  causes  transudation  of  blood-serum  at  the  seat  of 
the  tuberculosis. 

Lien  (li'-en)  [L.].  The  spleen.  L.  mobile.  See 
//  'andering  Spleen. 

Lienal  (li'-en-al)  [lien,  the  spleen].  Relating  to  the 
spleen. 

Lienculus  (Ji-en' '-ku-lus)  [dim.  of  lien,  spleen:  pi., 
Lienculi\      A  detached  part  or  exclave  of  the  spleen. 

Lienic  (li-en'-ik)  [lien,  a  spleen].  Pertaining  to  the 
spleen. 

Lienitis  {li-en-i* -tis)  [Hen,  spleen  ;  trig,  inflammation]. 
Splenitis. 

Lienocele  {li-en'-o-sel)  [lien,  a  spleen  ;  kija/j,  hernia]. 
I  [ernia  of  some  part  or  of  all  of  the  spleen. 

Lienomalacia  (//  cn-o-mal-a'-se-ah)  [lien,  spleen ; 
iKi'/nioii,  softening].  Morbid  softening  of  the  tissue 
of  the  spleen. 

Lienteric  (li-en-terf -ik)  [AeZoc,  -mooth  ;  h'-epov,  intes- 
tine].     Pertaining  to  or  affected  with  lientery. 

Lientery  (li* -en-ter-e)  [/.nog,  smooth;  hrrepov,  intes- 
tine]. A  kind  of  diarrhea  in  which  the  food  passes 
rapidly  through  the  bowels  without  undergoing  diges- 
tion. 

Liernur  System.     See  bosalof. 

Lieutaud,  Uvula  of.  A  longitudinal  mesial  ridge  in 
the  trigone  of  the  bladder. 


LIFE 


LIFE 


.Hid 


L., 
i    the 

is,  till' 

: 

Mod. 


■ 


L.  Everlasting  ; 

i 

.\  lie. 

pute 

ol     ;l 

J5J-    ' 
:  tat  ion  of, 

from 
i    from    i 

itrar- 

i  the   number    of 

ry  million   born   at  a 

alive  at  the 

I  te 

■ '  r i  '   ■  — 


lie  nam- 

M  e  a  n 

Iter- life  time 

(expectation  ol  life). 

Males. 

Females. 

.000 

44.62 

266 

5°  14 

5°  >4 

5222 

3 

. 

5086 

5299 

53-20 

53-oS 

50  38 

52.56 

49  77 

5i  94 

49  I0 

51-26 

50-53 

4760 

49-76 

46.79 

48.96 

45.96 

4813 

4S  11 

47-30 

44  26 

4647 

43  41 

4563 

44  81 

44.00 

43-4' 

40.17 

42.43 

39-40 

41.66 

38.64 

40.92 

37  89 

40.18 

39-44 

37-98 
37- 26 

3654 

33-O0 

31.60 

27-46 

2678 

26.10 
2.S.42 

20.18 

,1100,000  bin  ii.  the  num- 

ber  survi\  ing    ;u   the  end  of 

Mean  after-lifetime 

li  year  of  life 

(expectation  of  life  1. 

Mai 

Females 

Males. 

Females. 

529,048 

19  55 

2136 

5jo,9oi 

1893 

20.68 

Si 

512,607 

18  31 

20.01 

504,188 

■7  71 

1934 

5lO 

495,645 

17.12 

1866 

54 

486,973 

16.53 

17'* 

477.440 

1.5-95 

17-33 

151 

467-1 13 

1.5  37 

16.69 

740 

,992 

16  06 

446,079 

14  24 

15  45 

377.59« 

434,695 

13.68 

1484 

,011 

422.835 

13  14 

14.24 

6: 

4io,477 

12  60 

1365 

338.820 

397,644 

12.07 

1308 

63 

325,256 

384,319 

II.56 

12.51 

3i',368 

370,495 

II  05 

11.96 

297.>56 

356,165 

10-55 

11.42 

66 

638 

341,326 

IO.O7 

10  90 

67 

267,829 

325.988 

9  60 

1039 

68 

252,763 

310,170 

9.14 

989 

69 

237.487 

293.899 

8.70 

941 

70 

222,056 

277.225 

8.27 

8-95 

71 

206,539 

260,207 

7-85 

850 

72 

190,971 

242.934 

7-45 

807 

73 

175.449 

225,497 

7.07 

7.65 

74 

160,074 

208,003 

670 

7  25 

75 

144.960 

190,566 

6-34 

6.87 

76 

130,227 

i73,3'6 

6.00 

6.51 

77 

115,986 

156.392 

5-63 

6  16 

78 

102. 

139.927 

5-37 

5-82 

79 

89. 

124.065 

5-07 

5-5° 

80 

77,354 

108,935 

4-79 

5  20 

81 

66,153 

94,662 

4  51 

4.90 

82 

55.842 

81.305 

4.26 

463 

f3 

46,489 

68,966 

4  01 

4-37 

84 

38.132 

57-723 

3-58 

4  12 

85 

30,785 

47.631 

356 

388 

86 

24,436 

38,710 

3-36 

3-66 

87 

19.054 

30,958 

3-17 

3-46 

88 

14,576 

24,338 

2.99 

326 

89 

10,926 

[8,788 

2.82 

308 

90 

8,015 

14,225 

2.66 

2  90 

9i 

5.748 

IO.S53 

2.51 

2.74 

92 

4.025 

7.658 

2  37 

2.58 

93 

2.749 

5.429 

2.24 

244 

94 

1,828 

3.756 

2.12 

2.30 

95 

1,183 

2,533 

2  01 

2.17 

96 

742 

1,661 

1.90 

2. 11 

97 

452 

1 ,057 

1.81 

2  03 

98 

266 

6.53 

1  72 

1.83 

99 

1SI 

389 

1.65 

1  73 

100 

82 

225 

1.61 

1.62 

L.,  Extra-uterine,  post-natal  existence.  L.,  Fetal, 
life  of  the  fetus.  L.,  Intra-uterine,  life  within  the 
uterus.  L.,  Mean  Duration  of,  the  expectation  of 
life  at  birth.  L.,  Reproductive,  L.,  Sexual,  that 
period  of  life  during  which  the  individual  is  capable  of 

[etting  or  bearing  offspring.  L.-root,  ragwort.  The 
herb  Senecio  aureus  gathered  in  flower ;  an  expecto- 
rant, diuretic,  alterative,  and  tonic.  It  was  formerly 
used  by  the  Indians  as  a  vulnerary,  and  is  a  favorite 
remedy  with  eclectic  practitioners.  I  »<>se  of  a  decoction 
adlib.  ;  of  the  fid.  ext.  n\xxx-2;j  ;  of  a  strong  tincture, 
TTLviij-xx;  of  senectn, its  resinoid,gr.  j-iij.  L. -table, 
a  table  constructed  to  show  the  number  and  ages  of  the 
living,  and  the  number  and  ages  of  the  dying  in  a  com- 
munity or  society.  Halley's  Life-table,  the  earliest 
dish  table,  was  constructed  in  the  second  half  of  the 
18th  century,  and  suggested  I)e  Mowre's  Hypothesis. 
Price's  Northampton  Life-table  was  used  by  the 
Equitable  Life  Assurance  Co.,  of  New  York,  upon  its 
blishment  in  1762.  These  tables  were  not  con- 
tracted by  a  comparison  of  the  deaths  and  the  living  at 

h  age,  but  from  the  deaths  only  ;   and  as  births  and 

leaths  are  not   equal,  and  as  migration  also   disturbs 

stability    of    population,    these    tables    are    not 

correct,  as  they  overstate  the  mortality  of  young  adults 


1,11-1  (  I  RE 


679 


LIGAMENT 


and  do  not  dissociate  males  and  females.  Dr.  Farr 
constructed  three  English  Life-tables,  designated 
respectively,  Nos.  I,  2,  and  3, and  various  other  tables 
have  been  made,  called  the  Healthy  Districts,  the 
Upper  Class  Experience,  the  Healthy  Males,  the 
Clerical  Experience-tables,  etc.  The  last  n< 
worthy  table  is  the  New  English  Life-table,  by  1  >r. 
Ogle,  which  starts  with  a  million  males  and  a  million 
females  and  shows  the  number  surviving  at  each  age, 
and  the  mean  expectation  of  life  at  ea<  li  age.  See 
Life ,  Expectation  of  .  L. -time,  Mean  After.  Syn- 
onym of  Expectation  of  life.  See  Life,  Expectation 
of.     L.  Vegetative.     See  /,.,  Animal. 

Lift-cure    {lift-kur).       The    therapeutic    use    of     the 
"  health  lift"  (1/.  7.),and  of  other  similar  devices. 

Ligament  (lig'-a/n-cnt),  Ligamentum  {lig-am-en' '■ 
turn)  [ligamentum;  ligare,  to  bind],  A  band  of 
flexible,  compact  connective  tissue  connecting  the 
articular  ends  of  the  bones,  and  si imetimes  enveloping 
them  in  a  capsule.  L.,  Accessory.  See  Z.,  Coraco- 
humeral.  L.,  Acromioclavicular,  a  broad  liga- 
ment covering  the  acromioclavicular  articulation  and 
extending  from  the  clavicle  to  the  acromial  process  of 
the  scapula.  L.,  Acromioclavicular,  Inferior,  one 
extending  from  the  clavicle  to  the  acromial  process  of 
the  scapula,  across  the  lower  portion  of  the  acromio- 
clavicular articulation.  L.,  Alar  {of  knee),  one  of  the 
two  folds  of  synovial  membrane  on  either  side  of  the 
mucous  ligament.  L.,  Annular  (of  radius),  that 
surrounding  the  head  of  the  radius.  L.,  Annular 
{of  stapes),  that  extending  from  the  base  of  the  stapes 
to  the  oval  window.  L.,  Annular,  Anterior  [of  ankle), 
the  broad  ligament  covering  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
ankle-joint.  L.,  Annular,  Anterior  (of  wrist),  a 
strong  ligament  extending  from  the  trapezium  to  the 
unciform  bone,  confining  the  flexor  tendons.  L.,  An- 
nular, External  {of  ankle),  that  joining  the  posterior 
border  of  the  external  malleolus  and  the  external  sur- 
face of  the  calcaneum.  L.,  Annular,  Internal  [of 
ankle),  one  joining  the  internal  malleolus  and  the  inner 
surface  of  the  os  calcis.  L.,  Annular,  Posterior  (of 
carpus) ,  a  strong  ligament  reaching  from  the  styloid 
process  and  lower  end  of  the  radius,  across  the  back 
of  the  wrist  to  the  styloid  process  of  the  ulna.  L., 
Anterior  (of  ankle),  a  small  ligament  in  front  of  the 
ankle-joint.  L.,  Anterior  (of  elbow),  that  extend- 
ing from  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna  to  the 
coronoid  fossa  of  the  humerus.  L.,  Anterior  (of 
knee),  the  ligamentum  patellre.  L.,  Anterior  (of 
malleus),  that  extending  from  the  spine  of  the 
sphenoid  to  the  anterior  portion  of  the  head  and  neck 
of  the  malleus.  L.,  Anterior  (of  uterus),  one  of  the 
fibrous  and  peritoneal  folds  extending  from  the  bladder 
to  the  uterus.  L.,  Anterior  (of  wrist),  a  strong, 
broad  ligament  extending  from  the  anterior  surface  of 
the  upper  row  of  carpal  bones  to  the  lower  ends  of 
the  ulna  and  radius.  L.,  Arcuate,  one  of  the  arched 
ligaments  extending  from  the  body  of  the  diaphragm 
to  the  last  rib,  and  to  the  transverse  process  of  the  first 
lumbar  vertebra.  L.,  Arnold's.  See  Z.,  Suspensory 
(of  incus).  L.,  Arterial,  the  fibrous  remain-- of  the 
ductus  arteriosus.  L.,  Aryteno-epiglottic,  one  of  the 
ligamentous  folds  joining  the  epiglottis  and  the  aryte- 
noid cartilage.  L.,  Arytenoid,  Inferior,  oneofthefalse 
vocal  bands.  L.,  Astragalo-calcaneal,  External, 
that  joining  the  external  surface  of  the  astragalus  and 
the  outer  margin  of  the  calcaneum.  L.,  Astragalo- 
calcaneal,  Internal,  out-  extending  from  the  os  calcis 
to  the  posterior  margin  of  the  sustentaculum  tali.  L., 
Astragalo-calcaneal,  Posterior.  See  L.,  Calcaneo- 
astragaluid,  Posterior.  L.,  Astragalo-navicular, 
Superior.     See  L.,Astragalo-scaphoid,  Superior.  L., 


Astragalo-scaphoid,  Internal,  one  joining  the  inner 
surfaces  of  the  astragalus  and  the  scaphoid.  L.,  Astrag- 
alo-scaphoid, Superior,  one  joining  the  anterior  ex- 
tremity of  the  astragalus  and  the  upper  surface  of  the 
scaphoid.  L.,  Atlanto-axial.  See  L.,  Atlo-axoid. 
L.,  Atlanto-axial,  Deep.  See  /..,  Atlo  axoid,  Ante- 
rior. L.,  Atlanto-axial,  Posterior,  one  joining  the 
neural  arches  of  the  atlas  and  the  axis.  L.,  Atlanto- 
axial, Superficial.  .See  /. .,  Atlanto-axial,  Anter 
L.,  Atlanto-occipital.  See  I.,  Atlo-occipital.  L., 
Atlanto-occipital,  Posterior.  See  /,.,  Occipito-at- 
lantal,  Posterior.  L.,  Atlo-axoid,  that  joining  the 
atlas  and  the  axis.  L.,  Atlo-axoid,  Anterior, 
that  joining  the  ventral  margin-  of  the  atlas  and 
the  axis.  L.,  Atlo-occipital,  that  joining  the  atlas 
and  the  occiput.  L.,  Auricular,  Anterior,  a  broad 
ligament  extending  from  the  zygoma  to  the  cauda  heli- 
cis.  L.,  Auricular,  Posterior,  one  reaching  from  the 
mastoid  process  tothe  posterior  surface  of  the  ear.  L., 
Auricular,  Superior,  a  portion  of  the  temporal  fascia, 
inserted  into  the  upper  portion  of  the  cartilage  of  the 
ear.  L.  of  Barkrow,  ligamentous  fibers  in  the  fatty 
tissue  in  the  upper  portion  of  the  olecranon  fossa.  L., 
Bellini's.  SeeZ.,  Tendino-trockanterian.  L.,  Ber- 
tin's,  the  iliofemoral  ligament.  L.  of  Bigelow.  See 
Z. ,  Iliofemoral.  L.,  Broad  (of  liver),  abroad  fold  of 
peritoneum  extending  from  the  diaphragm  to  the  upper 
surface  of  the  liver.  L.,  Broad  {oj  lungs),  one  of  the 
folds  of  the  pleura,  connecting  the  lower  surfaces  of  the 
lungs  with  the  diaphragm.  L.,  Broad  (of  uterus),  a 
fold  of  peritoneum  extending  laterally  from  the  uterus 
to  the  pelvic  wall.  L.,  Burns'  (Allen).  See  Z. ,  /ley's. 
L.,  Calcaneo-astragaloid,  Internal.  See  Z.,  As- 
tragalo-calcaneal, Internal.  L.,  Calcaneo-astrag- 
aloid, Interosseous,  that  uniting  the  calcaneum 
and  the  astragalus.  L.,  Calcaneo-astragaloid, 
Posterior,  one  joining  the  calcaneum  and  the 
posterior  border  of  the  astragalus.  L.,  Calcaneo- 
cuboid, Dorsal.  See  Z.,  Calcaneo-cuboid,  Superior. 
L.,  Calcaneo-cuboid,  Internal,  one  joining  the  in- 
ner surfaces  of  the  calcaneum  and  the  cuboid.  L., 
Calcaneo-cuboid,  Interosseous.  SeeZ.,  Calcaneo- 
cuboid, Internal.  L.,  Calcaneo-cuboid,  Long,  one 
running  from  the  under  surface  of  the  calcaneum  to 
the  under  surface  of  the  cuboid.  L. ,  Calcaneo-cu- 
boid, Short,  a  thick  ligament  extending  between  the 
os  calcis  and  the  under  surface  of  the  cuboid.  L., 
Calcaneo-cuboid,  Superior,  one  attached  to  the  dor- 
sal surface  of  the  calcaneum,  and  inserted  into  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  cuboid.  L.,  Calcaneo-fibular, 
that  joining  the  apex  of  the  external  malleolus  to 
the  outer  surface  of  the  calcaneum.  L.,  Calcaneo- 
navicular, Inferior.  See  Z.,  Calcaneo-scaphoid ,  In- 
ferior. L.,  Calcaneo-scaphoid.  Dorsal.  See  Z., 
Calcaneo-scaphoid, External.  L.,  Calcaneo-scaphoid, 
External,  that  extending  from  the  calcaneum  at  its 
articulation  with  the  astragalus  to  the  external  surface 
of  the  scaphoid.  L.,  Calcaneo-scaphoid,  Inferior, 
one  joining  the  anterior  and  inner  end  of  the  calca- 
neum to  the  under  surface  of  the  scaphoid.  L.,  Cal- 
caneo-scaphoid, Interosseous.  SeeZ.,  Calcaneo- 
scaphoid,  External.  L.,  Calcaneo-scaphoid,  Plan- 
tar. See  I...  Calcaneo-scaphoid,  Inferior.  L.,  Cal- 
caneo-scaphoid, Superior.  SeeZ.,  Calcaneo-scaph- 
oid. External.  L.,  Camper's,  the  deep  layer  of  the 
perineal  fascia  covering  the  bulb  of  the  urethra  and 
the  crura  of  the  penis.  L.,  Capsular,  a  heavy  fibrous 
structure  surrounding  an  articulation,  and  lined  by 
synovial  membrane.  L.,  Carcassonne's.  See  Z., 
Pubovesical,  Middle.  L.,  Carpal,  Anterior,  that 
covering  the  palmar  surface  of  the  carpus.  L., 
Carpal,  Common,  the  annular  ligament  of  the  wrist- 


LIG 


I 

■ 


U,  Carpal,  Dona] 

rosseou 
to  the  ' 
;      Carpo- metacarpal, 
the 
I...  Caudal, 

. 

(urn. 
I  L.,   Col- 

L.,  Conoid,  the  inner 

It    i-   at- 

:  pula  .md  the 

L.,    Cooper's 
L., 
ped   ligament 
romial  pi  to  the 

■   the  scap 
alar,  thai  oid  pro- 

L.,   Coraco- 
l  pro     b  of  the 
i  posterior  portion  of  the 
•  .md  the  upper  pai 
L.,  Coracoid,  a  fibrous  structure  forming 
g  from    the    cor.. 

L.,  Corniculo- 

tending  from  the 

the  pharynx.    L., 

Coronary  the  semilunar 

f  the  tibia.     L.,  Coronary 

nding  from  the  posterior 

L.,  Coronary  [of 

L.,  Costo- 

centr.i.  |  the  head  of  a  rib 

L.,  Costo-central,  Anterior, 

ling    from    the    verte- 

irtilages  to  the  head  of 

L  ,  Costo-clavicular.  .'..,  Rhomboid. 

•  -colic.    See  /..,/  L.,  Costo- 

coracoid,  thai  firsl  rib  and  the  coracoid 

L.,  Costo-pericardiac,  that 
illations  with  the 
L  ,  Costo-sternal,  Anterior,  a  fibrous 
mum  and  thi 

L.,  Costo-sternal, 
I  the  post 
L.,  Costo- 
the  ribs  to 
■ 

-transverse.    Anterior.     See    /.. , 
L.,    Costo-transverse 
jsseous  .    L., 

Cost  crse.  L(  :.. 

I.  erse,  Middle,  one  ran- 

■ 

transverse,    Posterior, 

L.,  Costo-trans- 

if  the 
I  --vertebral,  those 

L.,  Costo- 

(■ 

■  1  the 
L.,  Costo-xiphoid, 

h  and 


LIGAMENT 

nth    ribs  to  the  xiphoid  cartilage.     L.,  Cotyloid, 
a   ring  of  fibro  cartilaginous  tissue  at  the  margin  of  the 
ibulum.    L.,  Cowper's.  Same  as  Z. ,  Pubic.    L., 
Cranio-vertebral,  one  of  those    extending    between 
the  cranium  and  the  vertebrae.     L.,  Crico-arytenoid, 
Posterior,  one  of  those  joining  the  cricoid  and  aryte- 
noid cartilages  posteriorly.     L.,   Crico-pharyngeal, 
that  extending  between  the  upper  and  posterior  margin 
of  the  cricoid  cartilage   and  the   anterior  pharyngeal 
wall      L.,  Crico-Santorinian,  one  of   those  binding 
together  Santorini's  cartilages  and  the  cricoid  cartilage. 
L.,  Crico-thyroid,one  of  those  joining  the  cricoid  and 
thyroid     cartilages.     L.,     Crico-thyroid.    Anterior, 
on,-  (.11  the  anterior  surfaces  of   the    cricoid  and   thy- 
roid cartilages.   L.,  Crico-thyroid,  Middle,  the  crico- 
thyroid membrane.      L.,  Crico-tracheal,  that  joining 
the  cricoid  cartilage  and  the  uppermost  tracheal  ring. 
L.,  Crucial  (of  atlas).     See  Z. ,  Cruciform.    L.,  Cru- 
cial (of  the  fingers),  one  of  the  small  ligaments  running 
obliquely  on    the    palmar    surface    of   the   phalangeal 
joints.     L.,  Crucial,   Anterior,  the    smaller  crucial 
ligament  of  the  knee,  extending  from  the  upper  sur- 
face of   the  tibia  to  the  inner  surface  of  the  external 
condyle    of     the     lemur.     L.,    Crucial,     External. 
See  '/..,   Crucial,  Anterior.     L.,  Crucial,   Internal. 
I.,  Cnuial,  Posterior.     L.,  Crucial,  Posterior, 
one  extending    from   the   popliteal  notch    of    the  tibia, 
and  the  external   semilunar  cartilage,  to  the  anterior 
portion   of   the    internal    condyle  of   the    femur.      L., 
Cruciate,  a  Y-shaped  process  of  the  deep  fascia  of  the 
leg,  situated  at  the   bend  of   the   ankle.      It    extends 
from  the  internal  malleolus  to  the  external  surface  of 
the  anterior  portion  of   the  calcaneum.     L.,  Cruci- 
form, a  cross  shaped    ligament,  formed  by  the  trans- 
verse ligament  of  the  atlas  and  a  vertical  band  of  libers 
extending  from  the  middle  of  this  ligament  to  the 
body   of  the    axis.     L.,  Cuneiform,   Interosseous. 
SeeZ.,  Intercuneiform.     L.,  Deltoid.     See  Z. ,  Lat- 
eral Internal  (of  ankle-joint).     L.,  Dentate.      See 
L.,  Denticulate.     L.,  Denticulate,  a  band  of  fibrous 
connective  tissue  passing  from  the  arachnoid  to  the  pia 
in   the   interval    between    the    anterior   and   posterior 
nerve-roots.     L.,  Douglas's,  the  folds  of  peritoneum 
extending  between  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  uterus  and 
the   ventral    surface  of  the   rectum.     L.,   Duodeno- 
renal,  a  peritoneal  fold  joining  the  transverse  meso- 
colon and  the  parietal  peritoneum  in  the  region  of  the 
right  kidney.    It  forms  the  posterior  boundary  of  Wins- 
low's  foramen.     L.  of  Ellis.     See  L.  of  the  Rectum. 
L.,  External  (of  malleus),  that  running  from  the  outer 
wall  of  the  tympanum  to  the  crista  capitis  mallei.      L., 
Falciform,    a  sickle  shaped    expansion  of  the  gnat 
sacro-ischiatic    ligament,   extending  along    the    inner 
margin   of    the   tuberosity  and   inferior  ramus  of   the 
ischium.     L.,  Falciform  (of  liver).     See  Z.,  Broad 
(of  liver).    L.  of  Fallopius.    See  Z.,  Pouparfs.    L., 
False  (of  bladder),  one  of  the  peritoneal  folds  radiat- 
ing from  the  urinary  bladder.     L.,  False,  Superior 
the  bladder),  one  of  the  peritoneal  folds,  running 
in   the   median    line,   from    the  fundus    of    the    blad- 
der  to    the    umbilicus.       L.,     Femoral.      See    /,. , 
Iter's.      L.,    Flood's,    the    gleno -humeral    ligament. 
L.,   Gastro-colic,    the    fold    of    the    great    omentum 
attached     to     the     colon     and     the    stomach.       L., 
Gastro-hepatic,    the     fold    of    the    great    omentum 
attached  to  the  stomach  and  the  liver.     L.,  Gastro- 
lienal.    See    /   .    Gastro-splenic.     L.,   Gastro-pan- 
creatic,  a  sickle-shaped    peritoneal    fold    joining  the 
posterior    surface    of    the    stomach    and    the    anterior 
faci     ol     the     pancreas.        L.,     Gastro-phrenic. 
/.,    Phrenico-gastric.     L.,    Gastro-splenic,    a 
peritoneal  fold  joining  the  gastrii    cul-de-sac  and  the 


LIGAMENT 


681 


LIGAMKN  I 


Ligaments  of  Elbow- 
joint. 

.  Hiimerus.  2.  Ulna.  3. 
Radius.  4.  External  lat- 
eral ligament.  5.  Orbicu- 
lar ligament  6.  Posterior 
ligament.  7,  8.  Condyles 
of  humerus.  9.  Interos- 
seous membrane. 


Right  Knee-joint,  Internal 
Ligaments,  Anterior   View. 

I.  Lower   extremity   of  lemur. 

2.  Anterior  crucial  ligament. 

3.  Posterior  crucial  ligament. 

4.  Transverse    ligament.     5. 

Intercondylar  fossa.  6.  Semi- 
lunar fibro-cartilages  (inter- 
nal). 7  Semi-lunar  fibro-car- 
tilages (external)  8  Liga- 
mentum  patellae.  9.  Tubercle 
of  tibia.  10.  Capsular  liga- 
ment. 11.  Interosseous  mem- 
brane. 


Ligaments  of  Righi    Knee- 
joint,  Posterior  View. 

1.   Posterior  ligaments,  or  liga- 
mentura   Winslowii   (oblique 

fasciculus).  2.  Tendon  of 
semi-membranous  muscle.  3. 
Tibia.  4.  Bursa.  5.  Internal 
lateral  ligament.  6  Long  ex- 
ternal  lateral  ligament.  7. 
Short  external  lateral  liga- 
ment. 8  Popliteus  muscle. 
9.  Posterior,  or  internal  cru- 
cial ligament. 


.  Anterior  common  ligament. 
b  Anterior  occipito-atloid  lig- 
ament, c.  Anterior  common 
ligament  (continuation),  d. 
Anterior  atlo-axial  ligament. 
e  Capsular  ligament,  f.  Syn- 
ovial membrane,  g.  Lateral 
occipito-atloid  ligament. 


Ligaments  of  the  Shollder- 

JOINT. 

I.  Superior  acromioclavicular  liga- 
ment.     2.  Coraco-clavicular.     3. 
Coraco-acromial     4.  Trans 
5.  Capsular.     6.  Coraco-humeral. 
7.  Tendon  of  long  head  of  biceps. 


Anterior  com- 
mon ligament.  2. 
Anterior  costo- 
vertebral, or  stel- 
late ligament.  3. 
Anterior  costo- 
transverse liga- 
ment. 


Ligaments  of  the  Costo-vertebral  Artici'lations. 


Ligaments  of  the  Occipito-atloid  Joint. 


Ligaments  of  the  Pelvis.  Posterior  View. 
t.  Articular  surface  of  sacrum  for  last  lumbar  vertebra. 
2.  Coccyx  3.  Crest  of  ilium.  4.  Tuberosity  of  ischium. 
5.  Great  sacro-sciatic  foramen.  6.  Lesser  sacro-scintic  fora- 
men 7.  Great  trochanter.  8.  Posterior  sacro-iliac  ligament 
9.  Posterior  inferior  spine  of  ilium.  10.  Supra-spinous  liga- 
ment, u.  Obturator  membrane.  12.  Lesser  sacro-sciatic 
foramen.  13.  14.  Great  sacro-sciatic  ligament.  15.  Lesser 
sacro-sciatic  ligament.     16    Spine  of  ischium. 


M.  st.  th. 


I/iff-  crir 

ttnteh.  Larynx.  Front  View, 

Showing  the  Liga- 
ments  and  inser- 
1  ion  ok  Muscles. 
0.  h.  Oshvoides.  C.  th. 
Thyroid  cart.  Corp. 
trit.  Corpus  triticeum 
or  lesser  cornu  of  the 
hyoid  bone.  C.  c.  Cri- 
coid cart  C.  tr.  Tracheal  cartilage.  Lig.  thyr.-hyoid med. 
Middle  thvro-hyoid  ligament.  Liz.  th.-h.  Fat.  Lateral  thyro- 
hyoid ligament:  Liz.  cric.-thvr.  med.  Middle  cnco-thyroid 
ligament.  Lig. eric. -trach.  Crico-tracheal ligament.  M.st.-n. 
Sterno-hvoid  muscle.  M.  th.-hyoid  Tbyro-hyoid  mus<  le. 
M  st.-th.  Stcrno-thyroid  muscle.  M  cr.-th.  Cnco-thyroid 
muscle. 


M 


1  IGAMKXT 


L.  of    Gerd;. 

i    the 
I...  Gim!  "  of 

.  con- 

iihI   attached 

1.  .   Gleno-humeral,    a 

.1    to 

:.    groove. 

■ 

rinous 
glenoid    i 
;  nentous 

L., 

L., 

ligament 

na  tympanica 

L.,  Hepatico-colh  al   fold 

of  the  liver 

i.       L.,     Hepatico- 

i     running    from    the 

to  the  duodenum.      It 

iw's  foramen. 

I.  .    1  I  -renal.  L., 

ligament ;    a  sickle- 

L.,  Hunter's, 

uterus.     See  /  . , 

L.,  Hyo-epiglottic.  ining 

ind  the  upper  sur- 

L.,  Ilio-femoral,  a  stt 

inferior   iliac 
r  and  the  intertrochanteric 
j-femoral.     Anterior,    the     anterior 
;it.       L.,     Ilio- 
femoral,   Inferior.  ;..     rior. 
L  .    Ilio-femoral,    Lateral.     See    /..,   Ilio-femoral, 
L..  Ilio-femoral,    Superior,  one  extend- 

i  the  ilium  to  the 

(line. 
-  •    '••  »-lum      : .  tending    from    the 

it  vertebra  to  the 
of  the  sacroiliac 
L.,     Ilio-lumbar,     Inferior. 
L..    Ilio-lumbo-vertebral. 
I.  .  I'.io-pectineal,  that  portion  of 

tinea!  line 

L.,  Ilio-pubic. 

L.,     Ilio-sacral,     Anterior. 

L.,   Ilio-sacral,  In- 

L., 

Posterior.     See   /..,  Sacro  u 


-sacral,    Short    Posterior. 
L.,  Ilio-trochanteric. 
L.,   Inferior 

L..  Inferior 

of  the 

num.    L.,  Infun- 

i  if  the 

the 

L., 

infundib- 

Inguinal.     S<  i    /  . , 

L.,  Interarticulai 

I.  .    Inter- 


.  ■ 

i 

I. 


; 


[i 


win.      L., 


Intercostal,  one  of  those  joining  adjacent  ribs. 
L.,  Intercostal,  External,  one  of  those  tilling 
the  intercostal  spaces  externally  between  the  sternum 
and  the  intercostal  muscles.  L.,  Intercostal,  In- 
ternal, one  of  the  i il >r« m-.  bands  uniting  adjacent 
ribs.  L.,  Intercrural,  one  of  those  connecting  the 
lamina- of  the  vertebrae.  L.,  Intercuneiform,  one  of 
those  joining  the  cuneiform  bones  of  the  tarsus.  L., 
Interhyal,  one  in  the  embryo  joining  the  malleus  and 
the  stylohyal  cartilage.  L.,  Interlobular,  a  pro- 
longation of  the  pleura,  between  the  lobes  of  the 
lungs.  L.,  Intermetacarpal,  one  of  those  joining 
the  metacarpal  bones.  L.,  Intermetacarpal,  Dorsal, 
one  of  lour  ligaments  running  transversely  across  the 
dorsal  surfaces  of  the  upper  ends  of  the  metacarpal 
bones.  L.,  Intermetacarpal,  Palmar,  one  of  those 
joining  the  palmar  surfaces  of  the  upper  ends  of  the 
metacarpal  bones.  L.,  Intermetatarsal,  one  of 
tho>e  joining  the  metatarsal  bones.  L.,  Intermeta- 
tarsal, Dorsal,  a  ligamentous  structure  joining  the 
dorsal  surfaces  of  the  bases  of  the  metatarsal  bones. 
L.,  Intermetatarsal,  Plantar,  one  of  those  joining 
the  plantar  surfaces  ol  the  upper  ends  of  the 
metatarsal  bones.  L.,  Intermuscular,  a  fascial 
prolongation  between  muscles.  L.,  Interosseous, 
Inferior  Tibio-fibular.  See  L.,  Tibio-fibular 
Int  ,    Inferior.      L.,    Interspinal.     See    L., 

Interspinous.  L.,  Interspinous,  one  extending 
between  the  spinous  processes  of  adjacent  vertebra-. 
L.,  Intertransverse,  one  extending  between  the 
transverse  processes  of  adjacent  vertebra.  L., 
Ischio-capsular,  one  extending  from  the  isch- 
ium, near  the  acetabulum,  to  the  zona  orbicularis. 
L.,  Ischio-femoral,  one  running  from  the  ischium 
to  the  great  trochanter.  L.,  Jugal  [of  larynx).  See 
L.,  Crico-Santorinian.  L.,  Lateral  {of  liver),  one  of 
the  peritoneal  folds  between  the  sides  of  the  liver  and 
the  under  surface  of  the  diaphragm.  L.,  Lateral,  Ex- 
ternal [of  ankle),  that  running  between  the  external 
malleolus  and  the  calcaneum.  L.,  Lateral,  External 
[of  carpus),  that  extending  from  the  scaphoid  bone 
to  the  styloid  process  of  the  radius.  L.,  Lateral, 
External  [of  elbow),  that  extending  from  the  annular 
ligament  of  the  radius  to  the  external  condyle  of  the 
humerus.  L.,  Lateral,  External  [of  jaw),  that 
extending  from  the  lower  border  of  the  zygoma  to  the 
outer  surface  of  the  neck  of  the  inferior  maxilla.  L., 
Lateral,  External  [of  knee),  that  joining  the  head  of 
the  fibula  and  the  internal  condyle  of  the  tibia.  L., 
Lateral,  External  [of  wrist).  See  L.,  Lateral,  Ex- 
ternal [of  carpus).  L.,  Lateral,  Internal  {of  ankle- 
joint),  one  joining  the  internal  malleolus,  and  the 
astragalus,  calcaneum,  and  scaphoid.  L.,  Lateral, 
Internal  [of  carpus),  a  ligamentous  cord  joining  the 
styloid  process  of  the  ulna,  the  pisiform  bone,  and  the 
anterior  annular  ligament.  L.,  Lateral,  Internal  [of 
elbow),  one  extending  from  the  coronoid process  of  the 
ulna  and  the  inner  edge  of  the  sigmoid  fossa,  to  the 
internal  condyle  of  the  humerus.  L.,  Lateral,  In- 
ternal [of  jaw).  See  /..,  Lateral,  Internal  [of  Tem- 
maxUlary  articulation).  L.,  Lateral,  Internal 
knee),  one  extending  from  the  internal  condyle  of 
the  femur  to  the  internal  condyle  and  shaft  of  the 
tibia.  L.,  Lateral,  Internal  [of  temporo-maxillary 
articulation),  one  extending  from  the  inferior  maxilla, 
■  the  inferior  dental  foramen,  to  the  spinous  pro- 
toid  bone.  L.,  Lateral,  Long  Ex- 
ternal [of  knee),  one  running  from  the  external 
condyle  ol  the  femur  to  the  head  of  the  fibula. 
L.,  Lateral,  Short  External  [of  knee-joint),  one  ex- 
tending fiom  the  head  ol  the  fibula  to  the  external 
vie    ol    the    femur  and   posterior    portion    of   the 


LIGAMENT 


r,<', 


I  [GAMENT 


capsular  ligament.  L.,  Lateral,  Short  Internal 
[of knee-joint) ,  one  joining  the  uppei  portion  of  the 
tibia  and  the  internal  fibro-cartilage.  L.,  Lauth's, 
the  transverse  ligament  of  the  atlas.  L.,  Longi- 
tudinal [of  live)  i.  See  /.. ,  /iron,/  [of  liver).  L., 
Lumbo-costal,  the  anterior  edge  of  the  lumbo-dot 
sal  fascia.  L.,  Lumbo-iliac.  See  /. .,  llio-lumbar. 
L.,  Lumbo-sacral,  a  part  of  the  ilio-lumbar, 
extending  from  the  sacrum  to  the  ilium,  across  the 
sacroiliac  synchondrosis.  L.,  Mauchart's.  Same 
as  Z.,  Odontoid,  Alar.  L.,  Metacarpal,  Trans- 
verse, one  joining  tin- distal  extremities  of  the  four 
inner  metacarpal  bones.  L.,  Metacarpophalan- 
geal, Anterior.  See  Z.,  Glenoid.  L.,  Metacarpo- 
phalangeal, Lateral,  one  joining  the  lateral  surfai 
of  the  phalanges  and  metacarpal  bones.  L.,  Meta- 
tarsal, Interosseous,  one  of  those  joining  adjacent 
metatarsal  bones.  L.,  Metatarsal,  Transverse, 
uniting  the  distal  extremities  of  the  metatarsal  bones. 
L.,  Metatarso-phalangeal,  Lateral,  one  joining  the 
lateral  surfaces  of  the  phalanges  and  metatarsal  bones. 
L.,  Metatarso-phalangeal,  Plantar,  one  of  those 
joining  the  plantar  surfaces  of  the  phalanges  and 
metatarsal  bones.  L.,  Mucous  {of  knee-joint),  a  fold 
of  synovial  membrane  extending  from  the  intercon- 
dyloid  ft>ssa  to  the  lower  margin  of  the  patella.  L., 
Naviculo-cuboid,  one  of  those  between  the  scaphoid 
and  cuboid  bones.  L.,  Naviculo-cuneiform,  one 
of  those  joining  the  scaphoid  and  cuneiform  bones. 
L.,  Oblique  [of  forearm).  See  Z.,  Round  (of  fore- 
arm). L.,  Obturator,  the-  obturator  membrane.  L., 
Obturator,  External.  See  Z.,  Occipito-atlantal, 
Posterior.  L.,  Occipito-atlantal,  Lateral,  one  of 
those  joining  the  transverse  processes  of  the  atlas 
to  the  jugular  processes  of  the  occipital  bone.  L.,  Oc- 
cipito-atlantal, Posterior,  one  joining  the  dorsal 
arch  of  the  atlas  and  the  posterior  margin  of  the  great 
foramen.  L.,  Occipito-atloid,  Anterior,  a  liga- 
ment joining  the  anterior  arch  of  the  atlas  to  the 
anterior  margin  of  the  great  foramen.  L.,  Occipito- 
axial.  See  Z. ,  Occipito-axoid.  L.,  Occipito-axoid, 
a  strong  ligament  attached  to  the  clivus  of  Blumen- 
bach  above  and  to  the  body  of  the  axis  and  adjoining 
vertebra  below.  L.,  Odontoid,  any  one  of  the  broad, 
strong  ligaments  arising  on  either  side  of  the  apex 
of  the  odontoid  process  and  connecting  the  atlas  with 
the  skull.  L.,  Odontoid,  Alar.  SeeZ.,  Odontoid, 
Lateral.  L.,  Odontoid,  Lateral,  one  of  the  ligaments 
joining  the  condyles  of  the  occiput  and  the  odontoid 
process  of  the  axis.  L.,  Odontoid,  Middle,  one 
joining  the  anterior  margin  of  the  great  foramen  and 
the  tip  of  the  odontoid  process.  L.,  Omoclavicular. 
See  Z.,  Coraco-davii  ular.  L.,  Orbicular  [of  radius). 
See  Z.,  Annular  [of  radius).  L.,  Ovarian,  a  band 
of  muscular  fibers,  extending  from  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  uterus  on  either  side  to  the  ovary.  L.,  Palmar. 
See  Z.,  Glenoid.  L.,  Palpebral.  See  Z.,  Tarsal. 
L.,  Palpebral,  External,  that  joining  the  outer 
margin  of  the  orbit  and  the  tissues  of  the  eye-lid.  L., 
Palpebral, Internal,  one  extending  from  the  nasal  pro- 
cess of  the  superior  maxilla  to  the  lacrymal  s]  hie  of  the 
lacrymal  bone  and  the  inner  end  of  the  tarsal  cartilage. 
L.  patellae,  a  strong  fibrous  structure,  extending  from 
the  tubercle  of  the  tibia  upward  to  become  the  tendon 
of  the  quadriceps  extensor  muscle  ;  it  embraces  the 
patella.  L.,  Patellar,  Lateral,  one  of  those  joining 
the  sides  of  the  condyles  of  the  femur  and  the  patella. 
L.  pectinatum,  the  spongy  tissue  at  the  junction  of  the 
cornea  and  sclera  in  the  sinus  of  the  anterior  chamber 
of  the  eye.  It  forms  the  root  of  the  iris.  L.,  Phalan- 
geal, Anterior,  one  of  the  ligaments  on  the  palmar 
and  plantar  surfaces  of  the  phalanges.     L.,   Phalan- 


geal, Lateral,  one  of  those  joining  the  sides  of  contigu- 
ous phalanges.  L.,  Phrenico-colic,  a  peritoneal  fold 
joining  the  diaphragm  and  the  splenic  flexure  of  the 
colon.  L.,  Phrenico-gastric,  a  peritoneal  fold  be- 
tween the  diaphragm  and  the  cardiac  end  ol  the  -tom- 
ach.  L.,  Phreno-colic.  See  /..  Phrenico-colic.  L., 
Phreno-splenic.  See  Z.,  Suspensory  (of  spleen).  L., 
Plantar,  Deep.  See  /..,  Calcaneo-cuboid,  Sh 
L.,  Plantar,  Long.  See  /..,  Calcaneo-cuboid Lo 
L.,  Plantar,  Short.  See  /..,  Calcaneo-cuboid,  Short. 
L.,  Pleuro-colic.  See  /..,  Phrenico-colic.  L.,  Pos- 
terior [of  ankle-joint),  a  transverse  ligament  cover- 
ing the  ankle-joint  posteriorly.  L.,  Posterior  (of 
elbow),  a  ligament  covering  the  elbow  posteriorly. 
L.,  Posterior  [of  incus),  one  joining  the  horizontal 
process  of  the  incus  and  the  posterior  tympanic 
wall.  L.,  Posterior  [of  knee-joint),  one  bounding 
knee  posteriorly.  L.,  Posterior  [of  malleus),  the 
posterior  portion  of  the  external  ligament  of  the 
malleus.  L.,  Posterior  (of  sacro-coccygeal  articula- 
tion). See  /..,  Sacro-coccygeal,  Posterior.  L.,  Pos- 
terior [of  wrist),  one  covering  the  dorsal  surface  of 
the  carpus.  L.,  Poupart's,  the  ligament  extending 
from  the  anterior  superior  spine  of  the  ilium  to  the 
spine  of  the  pubis  and  the  pectineal  line.  It  is  the 
lower  portion  ol  the  aponeurosis  of  the  external  oblique 
muscle.  L.,  Pterygo-maxillary,  one  joining  the 
apex  of  the  internal  pterygoid  plate  of  the  sphenoid 
and  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  internal  oblique  line 
of  the  lower  jaw.  L.,  Pubic,  a  portion  of  the  fascia 
lata  attached  to  the  crest  of  the  pubes.  L.,  Pubic, 
Anterior,  a  band  of  fibrous  tissue  covering  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  pubis.  L.,  Pubic,  Inferior,  a  triangular 
ligament,  extending  from  the  symphysis  of  the  pubis 
to  the  rami  of  the  pubic  bones.  L.,  Pubic,  Posterior, 
one  covering  the  symphysis  pubis  posteriorly.  L.; 
Pubic,  Superior,  one  extending  across  the  upper  sur- 
face of  the  symphysis  pubis.  L.,  Pubo-femoral,  one 
joining  the  margin  of  the  obturator  foramen,  the 
pectineal  eminence  and  the  superior  ramus  of  the 
pubis  with  the  lesser  trochanter  of  the  femur.  L., 
Pubo-prostatic,  the  anterior  true  ligament  of  the 
bladder.  L.,  Pubo-vesical,  Middle,  in  the  female, 
a  ligament  between  the  anterior  surface  of  the  bladder, 
the  inferior  pubic  ligament  and  the  crura  of  the 
clitoris.  L.,  Pulmonary.  See  L.,  Broad  [of  lung). 
L.,  Pylori-colic,  one  running  from  the  pyloric  end 
of  the  stomach  to  the  transverse  colon.  L.,  Radio- 
carpal. SeeZ.,  Lateral,  External  [of  carpus).  L., 
Radio-ulnar,  Anterior,  a  ligament  uniting,  ante- 
riorly, the  lower  end  of  the  ulna  and  the  anterior  edge 
of  the  sigmoid  cavity  of  the  radius.  L.,  Radio-ulnar, 
Posterior,  one  joining  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
lower  end  of  the  ulna,  and  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
sigmoid  cavity  of  the  radius.  L.,  Radio-ulnar, 
Round.  See  Z.,  Round  {of  forearm).  L.  of  the 
Rectum,  that  part  of  the  recto  vesical  fascia  extend- 
ing to  the  side  of  the  rectum.  L.  of  Retzius,  the 
outer  portion  of  the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the 
leg.  L.,  Rhomboid,  one  joining  the  cartilage  of  the 
first  rib  and  the  tuberosity  of  the  clavicle.  It  is  a  part 
of  the  costoclavicular  ligament.  L.,  Round  (of  fore- 
arm i ,  one  joining  the  c<  >n  in<  lid  process  of  the  ulna  and 
the  tuberosity  of  the  radius.  L.,  Round  (of  hip). 
I.,  teres.  L.,  Round  [of  liver),  a  fibrous  cord 
running  from  the  umbilicus  to  the  notch  in  the  ante- 
rior border  of  the  liver.  It  represents  the  remains  of  the 
obliterated  umbilical  vein.  L.,  Round,  Posterior,  a 
muscular  band  extending  from  the  posterior  surface  of 
the  uterus  th rough  the  broad  ligament  to  the  sub-peri- 
toneal pelvic  fascia.  L.,  Round  [of  superior  radio- 
ulnar  articulation).      See    Z.,  Round   (of  forearm). 


■■■ 


1  ICAMENT 


L  .  Round  '  tne 

gh  the 

I.       s.icro- 

■. 

I.  .     S.i.t. 

; 

>  -iir- 
thin 
■ 

I 

I.  .  Sacro-iliac,  Long. 

ac,    Ob- 

nent, 

ium.     L., 

ra  the  side 

tun.      L., 

th(   posl 

:  mi.      L., 

• 

ling  from  (he 
;    h 
I.  .  Sacro-sciatic,  Anterior. 

L.,  Sacro-sciatic,  Great, 

from    the 

pine,  to  the  tuber- 

L.,  Sacro-sciatic,  Large.   See 

L.,  Sacro-sciatic,  Lesser. 

L.,   Sacro-sciatic, 

L.,  Sa- 

Small.  .  / 

!         9      '        p:nal.      See     /...  iscAiatic.      L., 

.  iatii .    L.,  Sacro- 

L.  of  Schlemm, 

L.,  Spheno-max- 

max- 

L..  Spiral,  one  attached  to  the 

L.,  Stellate.     See   Z.,  i 

L  .   Sternal,  Anterior,  one 

I    idiolus.  anteriorly.  L., 
al,  Posterior.  lining  th>-  posterior  -urfaces 

ri i din       L.,  Sterno- 
Anterior.  riding 

mum   to  the  inner  end  of  the 
1.  .    Sterno-clavicular,    Posterior,    one 
sternum  posteriorly.     L., 
>stal,    Anterior.  rnal, 

L  .    Sterno-costal,    Posterior.     See  Z., 
L.,    Sterno-xiphoid. 
L.,  Stylo-hyoid,  a   fibi 
.-  from  tfa  i  the  styloid  proci 

•inn  of  the  hyoid 
L.,  Stylo-maxillary,  a  ligament   joining  the 

r»e   and    the   u 
ramus  of  thi 
L..  Stylo-myioid.     See    / ...  Stylo- 
I.  .  Sub-pubic.   Si  e  /  ,  Pu  nor. 

Superior  [jug  from  the 

I  with 
L.,    Superior       •    in  u  -        /.., 

I.  .  Superior 

if  the  malleus 

ivity. 

L.,  Supra- 

L        !  :pra-spinou 

Suspensory 

I        Suspensory 


nule  of  /inn.     L.,  Suspensory  (of  dia- 
I,    that    portion    of    the    prevertebral   fascia, 
.  hini;  the  center  of  the  diaphragm  to  the  bodies  of 
the  la-t  cervical  and  first  dorsal  vertebrae.     L.,  Sus- 
pensory (of  humeru    .   See   /...  Coraco-kumeral.   L., 
Suspensory    (of  incu  ),    Arnold's     ligament,    con- 
necting   the   body  of  the  incus  with    the  roof  of   the 
tympanum.     L.,  Suspensory    (of  liver).     See   /.., 
of  liver).     L.,  Suspensory  (of  malleus).    See 
/. ..  •    (of  malleus).     L.,     Suspensory    (of 

mamma),  a  fibrous  land  extending  from  the  fascia 
above  over  the  anterior  surface  of  the  mamma.  L., 
Suspensory  (ofmesente)  i  I,  the  root  of  the  mesentery. 
L.,  Suspensory  (of  penis),  that  attaching  the  upper 
portion  ol  the  dorsum  of  the  penis  to  the  anterior  sur- 
of  the  symphysis  pubis.  L.,  Suspensory  (of 
spleen),  a  peritoneal  fold  attaching  the  spleen  to  the 
lower  surface  of  the  diaphragm.  L.,  Suspensory  \oj 
uterus).  See  Z.,  Broad  (of  uterus)  and  Z.,  Round 
(of  uterus).  L.,  Tarsal,  the  tarso-orbital  fascia.  L., 
Tarso-metatarsal,  Dorsal,  one  of  those  joining  the 

ttarsal  and  tarsal  bones.  L.,  Tarso-metatarsal 
Interosseous,  External,  that  joining  the  external 
surfai  e  of  the  external  cuneiform  bone  and  the  third  and 
fourth  metatarsal  bones.  L.,  Tarso-metatarsal  Inter- 
osseous, Internal,  one  joining  the  internal  cuneiform 
and  second  metatarsal  bones.  L.,  Tarso-metatarsal 
Interosseous,  Middle,  one  joining  the  external 
cuneiform  and  second  metatarsal  bones.  L.,  Tarso- 
metatarsal, Plantar,  one  of  those  joining  the  plantar 
surfaces  of  the  tarsal  and  metatarsal  bones.  L., 
Tendino-trochanterian,  Bellini's  ligament,  a  strong 
ligament  extending  from  the  capsule  of  the  hip  joint 
to  the  greater  trochanter  of  the  femur.  L.  teres,  a 
rounded  fibrous  cord  attached  to  the  center  of  the  articu- 
lar surface  of  the  head  of  the  femur,  and  extending  to 
the  margin  of  the  cotyloid  notch  of  the  acetabu- 
lum. L.,  Thyro-arytenoid.  See  Vocal  Bands.  L., 
Thyro-arytenoid,  Inferior,  one  of  the  inferior  or  true 
vocal  band-.  L.,  Thyro-arytenoid,  Superior,  one 
extending  between  the  inner  surface  of  the  upper  por- 
tion of  the  thyroid  cartilage  and  the  anterior  surfaces 
of  the  apices  of  the  arytenoid  cartilages.  L.,  Thyro- 
epiglottic, one  extending  from  the  notch  between  the 
wings  of  the  thyroid  cartilage  to  the  apex  of  the  epi- 
glottis. L.,  Thyro-hyoid,  the  thyro-hyoid  membrane. 
L.,  Thyro-hyoid,  Lateral,  one  of  those  joining  the 
tips  of  the  greater  cornua  of  the  hyoid  bone  and  the 
superior  cornua  of  the  thyroid  cartilage.  L.,  Thyro- 
hyoid, Middle,  the  center  line  of  the  thyrohyoid 
membrane.  L.,  Tibio-fibular,  Inferior  Posterior, 
one  at  the  lower  tibio-fibular  articulation,  running 
obliquely  downward  from  the  tibia  to  the  fibula.  L., 
Tibio-fibular,  Inferior  Transverse.  See  Z.,  Tibio- 
fibular, Transverse.  L.,  Tibio-fibular  Interqsse- 
ous,  one  extending  between  the  tibia  and  the  fibula. 
L.,  Tibio-fibular  Interosseous,  Inferior,  one  joining 
the  tibia  and  the  fibula  at  their  lower  extremities.  L., 
Tibio-fibular,  Posterior  Inferior.  See  L.,  Poste- 
rior r  tibiofibular  articulation).  L.,  Tibio- 
fibular, Posterior  Superior,  one  joining  the  poste- 
rior surfai  e  i  if  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  tibia  and 
the  head  of  the  fibula,  posteriorly.  L.,  Tibio-fibular, 
Superior  Posterior.  SeeZ.,  Tibio-fibular,  Posterior 
Superior.  L.,  Tibio-fibular,  Transverse,  one  ex- 
tending  between  tlje  lowei  posterior  bonier  of  the 
tibia  and  the  external  malleolus.  L.,  Tibio-tarsal, 
tending  from  the  lower  anterior  margin  of  "the 
tibia  to  the  upper  surface  of  the  astragalus.  L., 
Transverse    (of  acetabulum).     See    /..    Transverse 

hip-joint).      L.,  Transverse    (of  atlas),   one    at- 
tached  to  two  small    tubercles  on  the  inner  surface  of 


LIGAMENTAI. 


685 


LIGHT 


the  atlas,  and  surrounding  the  odontoid  process  of  the 
axis.  L.,  Transverse  [of  hip-joint),  one  extending 
across  the  cotyloid  notch  of  the  acetabulum.  L., 
Transverse  [of  knee-joint),  one  extending  from  the 
anterior  margin  of  the  external  semilunar  fibro-carti- 
lage  to  the  extremity  of  the  internal  semilunar  fibro- 
cartilage.  L.,  Transverse,  Medial  [of  tarsus),  one 
extending  from  the  first  cuneiform  to  1 1  k -  bases  of  the 
third  and  fourth  metatarsal  bones.  L.,  Transverse 
[of  shoulder-joint).  See  L.,  Coraco-acromial.  L., 
Transverso-costal.  See  L.,  Costo-transverse.  L., 
Trapezoid,  the  anterior  or  external  portion  of  the 
coraco-clavicular  ligament,  extending  from  the  upper 
surface  of  the  coracoid  process  of  the  scapula,  to  the 
under  surface  of  the  clavicle.  L.,  Triangular  :  i.  The 
coraco-acromial  ligament,  q.v.  2.  That  portion  of  the 
aponeurosis  of  the  external  oblique  muscle  extending 
from  the  outer  portion  of  Poupart's  ligament  to  the 
linea  alba.  L.,  Triangular  [of  liver).  See  L.,  Lat- 
eral (of  liver).  L.,  Triangular,  Anterior  (of pelvis). 
See  L.,  Pubic,  Inferior.  L.,  Utero-rectal.  See  Z., 
Utero-sacral.  L.,  Utero-sacral,  one  of  the  recto- 
uterine folds  of  peritoneum.  L.,  Utero-vesical,  one 
of  the  folds  of  peritoneum  connecting  the  bladder  to 
the  uterus.  L.,  Vertebral,  Posterior,  one  extend- 
ing from  the  axis  to  the  sacrum,  along  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  bodies  of  the  vertebra;.  L.,  Vesico- 
uterine. See  Z.,  Utero-vesical.  L.,  Weitbrecht's. 
A  bundle  of  fibers  upon  the  anterior  aspect  of  the 
interosseous  ligament  of  the  radio-cubital  articulation. 
L.,  Winslow's,  the  posterior  ligament  of  the 
knee-joint.  See  I..,  Posterior  [of  knee-joint).  L., 
Y-shaped  [of  Bigeloiv),  the  Ilio-femoral  ligament. 
L.  of  Zinn,  the  tendinous  origin  of  the  external,  in- 
ferior, and  internal  recti  muscles  of  the  eye. 

Ligamental  [lig-am-en'-tal),  Ligamentary  [lig-am- 
en'  -tare)  [ligare,  to  bind].  Of  the  nature  of  a  liga- 
ment. 

Ligamentous  (lig-am-enf-tus)  \ligamentum,  from 
li^are,  to  bind].  Of  the  nature  of,  or  pertaining  to,  a 
ligament. 

Ligamentum  [lig-am-en'-tum)  [L.  :  pi.,  Ligamenta~\. 
See  Ligament.  L.  dentis,  a  name  given  to  that 
portion  of  the  gum  which  is  attached  to  the  neck  of 
a  tooth. 

Ligation  {li-gaf  -shun)  \ligatio :  ligare,  to  tie].  The 
operation  of  tying,  especially  of  tying  arteries.  L. 
of  Cord,  applying  a  ligature  about  the  umbilical  cord 
of  the  new-born  child.  L.,  Multiple,  the  application 
of  several  ligatures  in  the  course  of  a  vessel.  L.  in 
Continuity,  ligation  of  a  vessel  in  its  course  for  the 
cure  of  an  aneurysm  or  to  arrest  hemorrhage  at  some 
distant  point. 

Ligator  (li-ga'-tor)  [ligare.  to  bind].  An  instrument 
used  in  placing  and  fastening  ligatures. 

Ligature  [ligf-at-Ur)  \ligatura ;  ligare,  to  tie].  A  cord 
or  thread  of  any  material  for  tying  arteries,  etc.  L., 
Animal,  one  made  from  sheepgut  or  catgut,  or  the  ten- 
dons or  sinews  of  various  animals.  L.,  Articulated, 
the  Ecraseur,  q.  v.  L.,  Aseptic,  one  rendered  free 
from  infective  material  by  soaking  in  and  cleansing  with 
germicidal  solutions,  or  by  boiling  or  heating.  L., 
Buckskin,  the  first  absorbable  ligature  used  by 
Physick,  who  employed  untanned  buckskin.  L., 
Carbolized,  a  ligature  rendered  aseptic  by  carbolic 
acid.  L.,  Catgut,  a  ligature  made  from  the  middle 
coat  of  the  sheep's  intestine,  and  rendered  aseptic  and 
tough  by  carbolic  acid  or  perchlorid  of  mercury.  L., 
Chromicised,  a  ligature  hardened  by  treatment 
with  a  solution  of  chromic  acid.  L.,  Deer-skin, 
a  ligature  formed  of  a  thin  strip  cut  from  prepared 
deer-skin    and    rendered    aseptic.      L.,   Double,   the 


application    of    two    ligatures    to  a   vessel,    between 
which   it   i.->  divided.      In   tin-   case   of  a   pedunculated 
growth   it    refers  to  two  ligatures  passed  through  the 
-.nne  opening  and  tied  at  opposite  sides.     L.,  Elastic, 
a  narrow  band  or  thread  of  india-rubber  applied  tightly 
to  a  part  so  as  to  destroy  the  tissues  and  by  compres- 
sion i"  lead  to  separation.      It  is  used  in  the  treatment 
of  hemorrhoids,   anal    fistula,  and   in  the    removal      I 
pedunculated  growths.    L.,  Erichsen's,  one  c  onsisting 
of  a  double  thread,  one  half  of  which  i>  white,  the  Other 
half  black  ;   it  i>  used   in  the  ligation  of   nevi.     L., 
Hemp,  a    thread    made    from    hemp  libers    rendered 
aseptic.    L.,  Horsehair,  an  excellent  ligature  formed 
by  plaiting  together  a  number  of  Strands  of  horsehair. 
After  immersion  in  oil  for  some  time  it  becomes  ex- 
tremely  supple,  and  is  capable  of  slow  absorption.   L., 
Immediate,  a  ligature  including  the  vessel  alone.    L., 
Intermittent,  a  tourniquet  applied  above  a  poisoned 
wound  to  interrupt  the  blood-current ;   it  is  occasion- 
ally relaxed  to  allow  of  renewal  of  the  circulation.    L., 
Kangaroo,  a  ligature  made  from  the  smaller  tendons 
of  the   kangaroo's   tail,  dried    and    carbolized.      It  is 
stouter  than  the  catgut  ligature,  and  is  not   absorbed 
so    readily.     L.,    Lateral,   partial  occlusion    of    the 
lumen  of  a  vessel  by  a  loose  ligature.     L.,  "  Loose," 
a  ligature  employed  by  the   younger  Cline  and  South. 
It   consists  in   the  application  of  a  thread  around  an 
artery  so  loosely  as  not  to  interfere  with  the  pas-age  of 
the  blood.      It  was  erroneously  believed  to  cause  an 
inflammation  that  would  completely  block  up  the  ves- 
sel.      L.,     Mediate,    one     enclosing     some    of    the 
soft  parts  as  well   as  the   artery.      L.,  Metallic,  one 
made  of  silver  or  other  metal.      L.,  Momentary,  the 
momentary  application  of  a  tight  ligature  so  as  to  rup- 
ture  the  intima  of  an  artery.     L.,  Ox-aorta,  a  form 
of  broad   ligature  introduced  by  Harwell  for  the  pur- 
pose of  tying  an  artery   without  lacerating  its  inner  and 
middle  coats  ;   it  consists  of  the  middle  coat  of  the  aorta 
of  the  ox,  cut  spirally,  allowed  to  dry,  and,  ten  minutes 
before  using,  soaked  in  a  five  per  cent,  solution  of  car- 
bolic acid  in  water.     L.,  Permanent,  one  made  of 
non-absorbable  material.     L.,  Phlebotomy,  the  appli- 
cation of  a  band  to  a  limb  to  produce  distention  of  the 
veins  to  facilitate  venesection.      L.,    Provisional,    a 
ligature  applied  during  an  operation,  with  the  intention 
of  removing  it  before  the  completion  of  the  operation. 
L.,  Quadruple,  two  double  ligatures  passed  at  right 
angles  through  a  growth  and  tied  in  four  sections  ;   it 
is  used  in  the  strangulation  of  nevi.       L.,  Scarpa's, 
one  employed  in  the  ligation  of  arteries  ;   it  consists  of 
a  small  fold  of  linen  which  is  placed  against  the  vessel 
and    over    which    the    ligature    is    tied.      L.,    Silk,   a 
thread  of   silk  for  ligating  vessels.      L.,    Silkworm- 
gut,  a  material  recommended  for  purposes  of  ligation 
by  MacSweeny   in   1S1S.      It  is  the   fiber  drawn  out 
from  the  silkworm  killed  when  it  is  just  ready  to  spin 
its  cocoon.      L.,  Soluble,  an  animal   ligature  capable 
of   being    absorbed.      L.,    Tendon,    the    tendon,    or 
strips  of  tendons,   of  various  animals,  as  those  of  the 
kangaroo,  deer,  and  whale,  dried  and  carbolized.     L., 
Wire,  a   metallic  wire  for  the  ligation  of  arteries  and 
other   parts.      After  it-;  application  it  is  cut  short  and 
allowed  to  become  encapsulated. 
Light   {lit)   [ME.,  light,  light].     That  form  of  energy 
which,  when  impinging  upon  the  retina,  gives  rise  to 
the  sensation  of   vision.     The  old  theory  was  the  so- 
called    Emission,   or   Corpuscular    Theory,    which    re- 
garded  light  as  consisting  of  minute  material  particles 
emitted  by  the  luminous   body  and  giving  rise  to  the 
sensation      of      vision      by      impinging     upon     the 
retina.       The    accepted,   or     Undulatory,    Theory  re- 
gards  light   as  a   form  of  ethereal   vibration  or  undu- 


- 


1.11  A.C 


:]       The  longs    -       died 


L.. 


M 
Re 


L..  D  n  of. 


: 

L.- 

L..  Incandes- 

the 

L..  Incident,  or 
L.. 

. 

g 

L.- 
L..  Re'  ,;K>n 

L., 


- 
| 
-   -ire  perceived 
L..  Refraction  of, 
g 

I 

L. -sense, 

3   of  light   or 

L.,  Spectrum  of. 

L.-spot,  Triangu- 

n  the  normal  tvni- 

the  umbo,  and  its 

L.,  To  Feel ;  quickening; 

... 

L..    Transmitted. 

•  he    bursa 
:n    much 


- 


'. 


L.  Ca- 


nt. 


Same     - 


'.  j.     Sao 


I 

i].       Wood] 

'.  r.putation.     - 

Lignicolir.v 
,to  dwell].     In    biol  (ring 

Lignificatior.  wood ; 

rhe  ]         ss    if  turning  into  wood ; 
g   aeration, 

Tin]. 

]■      l     ;  ,H;,1   V>     '  ?)■  A 

-   .      instituting  the  greater  por- 
most  dr>'  wood.      It  has  not  been 
L..  Tests  for  ;  phloroglucin  g  iolet 

ed  cell- walls.  Anilin  sulphate,  in 
-    g       •  acidulated  soluti  -  .1  bright  yellow  color. 

Lignite  .      Brown  coal;  fan- 

peri  al,   or  that   in  which   the   original 

-  -      listinctly  preserved  that  it  can 
be  :  -ied  by  the  eye.      It  is  a  source  of 

certain    members    of    the    pararhn    group    of   hydro- 
- 
Lignivorous  ,    wood  :    vorare, 

to  ■  plied   to   such  insect  larvae, 

ants,  bi  ,..as  devour  wood. 

Lignoin  id],  C^l  i     N  An 

Lignose 

Lignum  [I. .].      Wood.     L.  agallochum, 

aloes  wood.  L.  benedictum,  guaiac  wood  L. 
cedrium.  cedar  wockI.     L.  vitae.     S« 

LigToin  in)   [origin  obscure].      A   product  ob- 

tained from  petroleum,  boiling  at  from  So°to  120°  C, 
and  having  a  specific  gravity  of  from  .710  to  7^0.  It 
is  used  in  pharmacy  for  solvent  purposes,  and  for 
burning  in  sponge-lamps. 

Ligu'..i  .        5ue3-      A  little 

tor._  :e-shaped   organ;    the   epiglottis;    the 

clavicle  ;  the  tenia  of  the  fourth  ventricle,  called 

-    .    a    name    given     10 
the  tongue  of  an  articulate.     See.  In  bio! 

applied  to  various  strap-shaped  organs  or  parts,  as  the 
i'lade  in  a  plant,  or  the  1.  like  organ 

of  hvmenopterous  insect-       AJso  called  Ligule. 

Ligulate  .    from  .    tongue]. 

.ike  a  small  tongue  ;  strap-shaped. 

Ligule  .    a    variety  of  Hngula,  a   little 

tot  \  strap].     Same   .- 

Liguiiform 

Ligulin  .  little  tongue].     The  col- 

oring matte-  .       1.  and  of  the 

ber-  ie  common  privet   >  Ligustrum   zidgare). 

With    limestone  water   it    strikes    a    bright-red    c 
ch..  blue,  whence  it  has  been   used   as   a  test 

ice  of  limestone  in  water. 

Ligusticum  .  I.igurian].     A 

liferous  plants:  lovage.  L.  actaei- 
folium  is  carminative  and  stimulant,  as  is  also  L. 
apiifolium  of  V  America.     Li. 

Ligustrum  [L.].  ■  of  oleaceous 

shrubs;  priv<  ;ts.      L.vulgare,  the  common  privet,  has 

-  and  bark,  and  cathartic  berries.     Unof. 

Lila  lilac].      The  leaves  and  fruit 

.  a  bitter  tonic,  with  reputed  anti- 
ptr  Unof. 


LILY  Or   'IUh  VAL1 


Lily  of  the  Valley.  nvaUaria  ■ 

Limb  dim)  [ME.,  /;«;,   a  limb].      I.    A   j  f  an 

animal  bod  ■  i   or  trunk  ;    a  !•  . 

arm.   2.  In  raJ  area,  i 

of  an  organ  or  part 

motion.     L.,  Anterior 
part  of  the  internal  capsule  ir,  front  of  the  •  i 
eluded  between  the  i  ular  nuc. 

L.,  Artificial,  a  mechanii  al  substitute  f  r  an  arm  or  a 
leg.      L. -girdle,  tbi 

a  limb  and   the    trur,,. .      L.,  Pectoral,  I  r  or 

fore-limb.     L.,  Pelvic,  the  lower  or  hind-limb.     L. 
Plexus,  the  supposed  rearrangement  of  I 
so  as  t' 

the    spinal    cord   with    particular 
L.,  Poster:o: 

hind  the  knee,  situated   betwi  caudate 

and  the  optic  thalamu-  L.-root.  the  part  of  a 
skeleton  that  bears  a  limb. 

Limbate  it)  \limbus,  a  border].     Bordered. 

Limbation  \lim-baf-shun)  {limbus,-*  border].  In  bi- 
ology, the  formation  of  an  extended  a  lateral 
thickening. 

Limbed  ilimd)  [ME.,//w,  a  limb].     Having  limbs. 

Limbic  ilim'-bik)  \Jimbus,  a  border].  Marginal;  per- 
taining to  a  border.  L.  Fissure.  m  L. 
Lobe,  that  surrounding  the  corpus  callosum. 

Limburger  Cheese,     .^ee  Ch 

Limbus  ilim'-bu:)  [L.].  A  border.  The  circumfer- 
ential edge  of  any  flat  organ  or  part.  L.  corneae, 
the  edge  of  the  cornea  at  its  junction  with  the 
sclerotic  coat.  L.  laminae  spiralis,  the  spiral  mem- 
branous cushion,  at  the  border  of  thi  is  lamina 
spiralis  of  the  cochlea.  L.  luteus.  See  Macula 
lutea.  L.  vieussenii,  that  portion  of  the  edge  of  the 
septum  secundum  in  the  fetal  heart  of  the  rabbit  that 
forms  part  of  the  boundary  of  the  foramen  ovale. 

Lime  dim)  [Ar.  limun,  a  lemon].  The  fruit  of  several 
species  of  Citrus,  as  C.  limetta.  L.-juice,  the  juice 
of  the  lime.  It  should  contain,  when  bottled,  a  small 
percentage  of  sulphurous  acid,  to  prevent  fermentation. 

Lime  dim)  [ME.,//»,  lime].  The  popular  name  for  cal- 
cium oxid,  CaO  quicklime),  and  calcium  hydrate, 
Ca(  HO).  Calcium  oxid  (quicklime  has  a  great  affinity 
for  water  and  f  On  contact  with  the  former, 

slaked  lime  is  formed,  with  the  evolution  of  heat, 
living  tissues  it  acts  as  a  caustic.  L.,  Burnt,  L., 
Caustic,  calcium  oxid,  quicklime.  L.,  Chlorid  of,  L., 
Chlorinated,  the  chlorid  of  lime  of  commerce,  is  not 
a  distinct  chemic  compound ;  its  chief  constituent, 
and  the  one  on  which  its  disinfectant  properties  depend, 
is  calcium  hypochlorite,  which  liberates  chlorin.  L.- 
secreting  Glands.  See  Morrens1  Glands.  L., 
Milk  of,  a  milky  fluid  consisting  of  calcium  hydrate 
suspended  in  water.  L.,  Quick,  L.,  Slaked,  com- 
mon terms  for  lime.  L. -ointment,  an  ointment  con- 
sisting of  slaked  lime  4,  lard  I,  and  olive  oil  3.  L.- 
water,  a  solution  of  calcium  hydrate  in  water.  It  is 
astringent  and  alkaline,  and  prevents  the  formation 
of  dense  coagula  if  added  to  milk.  It  is  used  in 
cases  of  diarrhea  and  vomiting. 

Limen  (K'-men)  [Xi/ajv,  a  harbor].     Threshold. 

Limic  (lim'-ik)  \7ufi6c,  hunger].      Pertaining  to  hunger. 

Liminal  1  Hm'-in-aU  [/ju7,t,  threshold].    Least;  lov 
minimal.     L.  Intensity.     See  Z 

Limitans,    Limiting     lim'-it-anz,  lim'-it 

threshold].  Bounding.  L.  Membrane,  the  thin 
membrane  on  which  the  epithelial  tissue  of  the  various 
glands  rests.  L.  Membrane,  External,  the  thin 
layer  between  the  outer  nuclear  layer  of  the  retina 
and  that  of  the  rods  and  cones.  L.  Membrane,  In- 
ternal, in  the   eye.  the  inner  layer  of  the  retina. 


Limitrophic 
to 


per' 
Limnemic    lim-ne' 

■ 
Limnomeph:'..  . 

.    - 

Limoctonia 

•  a].      Death  from  hui  . 
Limonene    H'-m 

Limonurr.  ~.  the 

Ar 

num,    of    the    same    genus 

lime.     The    rind  isomeric 

with    oil    of    turpentine.     The 

per  cent,  of  citr  r.h  has  a 

san.  acid,  but  has  ir. 

a  refrigerant  ar.  . 

is  largely  employed  as  a  refrigerant  dri: 

L.,    Ol.,   the    ••  -   _-.       L 

"  essence  of  lemon,"  6  parts  of  oil  and  4  of 

90  parts  of  alco'r.         L.f  Succtu  used  in 

paring  syrupus  limonis.     L.,    Syr.,  lemon-juice    . 

lemon-peel  2,  sugar  60,  water  q.  s.  ad  100.     I 

L.    .    -  "  Acid:  1  .  ft 

citric  acid,  water,  aa  8,  spt  of  L 
Limophoitos  Limophoitosii 

fo-it-o1 '■ .  f,  hung' -         -  ..'■-- 

due  to  hunger  or  lao.  rition. 

Limophoitosic      '-.m-o-fo-it-o'  i#f,huriL- 

to    war.:     ]  :n  hunger  or   ur. 

feeding. 
Limophthisis  [Km-  .hunger  -    . 

wasting].     The  wasting  of  the  body  du-.  -tion 

and  lack  of  food. 
Limopsora      .im-op-siZ-rak)  hunger ; 

itch].      A  kind  of  scabies   (or  pruri: .  1   to 

attack  man  and  other  animals  after  long  deprivation  of 
d. 
Limopsorus  hunger : 

itch].      A    disease,  like   scurvy,  pellagra,   or    famine- 
fever,  due  to  poor  or  insufficient  food. 
Limoseric  {lim-oser* -ik)   \Mfi6g,  hunger].     Pertaining 

to  or  caused  by  hunger. 
Limosis     lim-  16c,   hunger: 

Unnatural  appetite  ;   a  class  of  diseases  distinguished 

by  depraved  appetite. 
Limotherapy     !im-o-therf-ap-e)    [  :.jnger;    Oepa- 

-;atment].     The  treatment  of  disease  I 

or  total  deprivation  of  food.     This  method  is 

certain  stages  of  syphilis,  in  the  treatment  of  aneur 

and    is   recommended   in   some   cases   of    malignant 

disease. 
Limp   [AS.,  lemp,   awkward].     A  halting  gait. 

Go* 
Limprecht's  Method.     See  Nitrogen. 
Linagogue  Linagogu;  ?vs) 

\linum,    thread:  ;,    leading].      An    instrur 

used  in  guiding  the  course  of  a  suture. 
Linamer. I  Charpie;   lint; 

a  tent  for  a  wound. 
Linaria     [Hn  a'-re-ah)  jenus    of 

herbs.     L.  vulgaris. 
Lincture  to  lick].       A 

medicine  to  be  taken  by  licking ;  an  electuary ;  looch, 

lohoch.  or  eclegma.     [Old.] 
Linctus    linkf-tm     [L.].      Same  as  Lincture. 


Line 

tther 


LIM  S 

the  atmosphere.      L.,   Atrope,  a  name  given  by 

mholtz  to  the  perpendicular  to  the  plane  of  the  axes 

Nation  o\  the  eye.     L.,  Colored  [of  the  enamel), 

..,,,  ,  ntrii   -tn  e  of  enamel  prisms.     They 

may  indicate  the  laminar   formation   of  the  enamel. 

L. -writing.     See  Ataxiagratn. 


fABLE  OF  LINES  OR  LINE^E. 


Description. 


(  .-.-i  male's  term  for  that  portion  of  the  visual  line  in  which  lie 
ts  that  are  seen  with  distinctness,  and  with  a  given  state 
or.]  accommodation. 


\ 

\ 
\ 

A 


V 


;  \  tendinous  raphe  extending  in  the  median  line  of  the 
abdomen  from  the  pubestothe  ensiform  cartilage.  It  is  formed 
by  the  blending  oi  the  aponeuroses  of  the  oblique  ami  trans- 
versalis  muscles.  .       ... 

2    Hunter's  line,  the  anterior  peduncles  of  the  pineal  gland. 

( listening  white  lines  in  either  iliac  region  of  the  abdomen. 


A  line  joining  the  basion  and  the  alveolar  point. 


•nctry. 
my. 


•  ctroscopy. 


■ 


Opt 

ration  of  the  abdomen. 


A  line  joining  the  nasal  and  the  alveolar  point. 


i.  A  rough  longitudinal  ridge  on  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
middle  third  of  the  femur,  dividing  below  into  two  and  above 
into  three  ridge: 

2.  A  ripa;  especially  the  line  of  rupture  of  the  pia  and  endyma 
on  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  thalamus,  corresponding  with  the 
margin  of  the  fornix  and  the  choroid  sulcus  of  Schvvalbe. 


That  portion  of  Fraunhofer's  lines  produced  by  the  absorption 
of  light-rays  by  atmospheric  air. 


The  line  normal  to  the  plane  of  the  axes  of  rotation  of  the  eye. 


See  L.  albicantes. 


metry. 


In  physical  diagnosis. 


A  line  passing  from  the  auricular  point  to  the  bregma,  and 
dividing  the  pre-auricular  from  the  post-auricular  part  of  the 
cranium. ____ 

Vertical  lines  extending  downward  from  the  axilla  on  the 
side  of  the  trunk. 


ind  Outer. 


• 

A  line  running  backward  from  the  infra-orbital  ridge  through 
the  middle  of  the  external  auditory  meatus,  and  prolonged  to 
the  middle  line  of  the  head  posteriorly. 

• 

'rV- 

:ry. 

See  L.,  Alveolo-basilar. 

1 

The  line  joining  the  basion  and  the  bregma. 

' 

The  extern;.!  i  onjugate  diameter  of  the  pelvis. 

try. 

The  line  separating  the  anterior  from  the  posterior  portion  of 
the  skull.  It  extends  from  one  auditory  foramen  over  the 
vertex  to  the  other. 

1 

A  blue-black  line  at  the  dental  margin  of  the  gums. 

See  /..,  Test. 

In  various  diseases. 

A  line  running  from  the  external  auditory  meatus  to  a  point 
iust  below  the  nasal  spine. 

1  'In-  line  that  runs  across  the  palm  of  the  hand  from  the  radial 
side  to  the  base  of  the  index  linger. 

Any  line  joining  certain  points  on  the  surface  of  the  skull. 

media  m 

A  green  line  at  the  margin  of  the  gums,  with  a  similar  green 
.in  extending  for  some  distance  on  the  teeth. 

not    well 

en  trie  brown  lines  or  striae  crossing  the  enamel-prisms  of 

the  1 

LINES  lis!) 

TABLE    OF    LINKS   OR    I.INL.L 


LINES 


-Continued. 


Namk.              i    Department,  Significance,  etc. 

Description. 

Contour. 

Microscopii    anatomy. 

in  dentine  more  or  less  parallel  with  the  pulp-cavity, 
probably  due  to  the  presence  of  interglobular  spaces. 

Corrigan's. 

( 'liionii  c . ippi  1  ■poisoning 

A  purple  line  at  the  junction  of  the  teeth  and  gums. 

Costo-articular. 

In  physical  diagnosis. 

A  line  drawn  between  the  Bterno-clavicular  articulation  and  the 
point  of  the  eleventh  rib. 

Costoclavicular. 

In  physical  diagnosis. 

See  L.,  Parasternal. 

Cruciate  (4  in  number). 

In  anatomy. 

Ridges  upon  the  ental  surface  of  the  occipital  bone  that 
radiate  from  the  internal  occipital  protuberance. 

Crull's. 

Craniometry. 

See  /..,  Supraorbital. 

Curved,     inferior    (of 
the  ilium). 

In  anatomy. 

A  line  extending  from  the  upper  part  of  the  anterior-inferior 
spinous  process  of  the  ilium,  and  terminating  at  the  middle  of 
tlie  great  sciatic  notch. 

Curved,     inferior    (of 
the  occipital  bone). 

In  anatomy. 

A  ridge  extending  transversely  across  the  outer  surface  of  the 
occipital  bone  at  about  one-third  of  the  distance  between  its 
anterior  border  and  the  anterior  border  of  the  foramen 
magnum. 

Curved,  inferior  (of 
the  parietal  bone). 

In  anatomy. 

See  /..,  Temporal. 

Curved,    middle    (of 
the  ilium). 

In  anatomy. 

A  line  commencing  about  an  inch  or  an  inch  and  a  half  behind 
the  anterior  superior  spine  of  the  ilium  and  arching  backward 
and  downward  to  the  upper  margin  of  the  great  sciatic  notch. 

Curved,    superior    (of 
the  ilium). 

In  anatomy. 

A  line  commencing  about  two  inches  in  front  of  the  posterior 
extremity  of  the  crest  of  the  ilium  and  curving  downward  and 
forward  toward  the  posterior  part  of  the  great  sciatic  notch. 

Curved,     superior    (of 
the  occipital  bone). 

In  anatomy. 

A  semicircular  line,  passing  outward  and  forward  from  the 
external  occipital  protuberance. 

Curved,     superior    (of 
the  parietal  bone). 

In  anatomy. 

A  ridge  upon  the  outer  surface  of  the  parietal  bone,  parallel  to 
and  slightly  above  the  temporal  line. 

Of  Daubenton. 

Craniometry. 

A  line  joining  the  opisthion  and  the  projection  of  the  lower 
border  of  the  orbit. 

Of  demarcation. 

In  surgery. 

A  line  of  division  between  healthy  and  gangrenous  tissues. 

Of  De  Salle. 

In    abdominal    and     other    wasting 
diseases. 

See  L.,  Nasal. 

Dobie's. 

Microscopic  anatomy. 

The  thin,  dark  disc  or  membrane  passing  transversely  through 
and  bisecting  the  clear  zone  or  stria  in  a  striated  muscle-fiber. 

Doornick's   horizontal 
line. 

Craniometry. 

A  line  drawn  from  the  median  incisors  to  the  maximum  occipital 
point. 

Douglas's. 

Topographic  anatomy. 

See  L.,  Semicircular. 

Eberth's. 

Microscopic  anatomy. 

The  lines  of  junction  of  the  cardiac  muscle-cells. 

Ectental. 

Microscopic  anatomy. 

The  line  of  junction  of  the  ectoderm  and  endoderm. 

Ellis's  curved  line. 

In  pleurisy. 

The  curved  line  followed  by  the  upper  border  of  a  pleuritic 
effusion,  or  of  a  hydrothorax.  It  is  somewhat  like  the  letter 
S,  the  highest  point  being  in  the  axilla,  from  which  it  descends 
toward  the  sternum. 

Embryonic. 

Embryology. 

The  primitive  trace  in  the  center  of  the  germinal  area  of  the 
ovum. 

Eminens   (of  the  cri- 
coid cartilage). 

Anatomy. 

A  mesal  ridge  of  the  dorsal  half  of  the  cricoid  cartilage. 

Eminens  (of  the  patel- 
la). 

Anatomy. 

A  ridge  on  the  posterior  surface  of  the  patella,  dividing  that 
surface  into  two  unequal  parts,  the  outer  of  which  is  the 
larger. 

Eminens   (of  the  pos- 
terior pyramid,   also 
of  Reil). 

In  anatomy. 

A  ridge  descending  posteriorly  from  the  summit  of  the  pyramis 
eerebelli. 

Eminens  transversa  (of 
the  kyoid  bone). 

Anatomy. 

The  horizontal  ridge  crossing  the  ventral  surface  of  the  body 
of  the  hyoid  bone. 

Eminentes. 

Anatomy. 

The  ridges  upon  the  costal  surface  of  the  scapula,  in  the  sub- 
scapular fossa. 

Facial. 

Craniometry. 

1.  A  straight  line  tangential  to  the  glabella  and  some  point  at 
the  lower  portion  of  the  face.     2.  See  L.,  Camper's. 

44 


iR    LINE^E. — Continued. 


I  [  N  ES 


l   II'  1  H>N. 

. 

A  line  beginning  near  the  wrist  and  running  up  the  middle  oi 
the  palm  inward  the  base  of  the  index-fing 

1  he  whitish,  dentated  border  of  the  mucosa  of  the  esophagus 
ts  junction  with  the  mucosa  of  the  stomach. 

An  imaginary  line  drawn  from  the  object  viewed  through  the 
iti i  the  eye. 

The  lines,  anterior  and  posterior,  that  bound  the  focal  interval. 

1  1  • 

A  line  running  upward  to  the  base  of  the  ring-finger. 

■ 

The  black   lines  that  i  ross  a  very  pure  solar  spectrum.     They 

iroduced  by  the  light  from  lower  portions  of  the  solar 

Mm.,                ig  through  certain  incandescent  metallic  vapors 

in  the  luminiferous  envelop  of  the  sun,  and   in   the  aqueous 

vapor  and  permanent  gases  of  the  earth's  atmosphere. 

A  black  line  occupying  the  position  of  a  luminous  line  in  the 
trura  when  a  metallic  vapor  is  interposed  in  the  ray  of 
light;  the  position  of  the  line  varies  with  different  metals. 

my. 

Transverse  lines  or   stria;    appearing    on  the  axis-cylinder  of 
medullated  nerve-fibers,  near  the  nodes  of  Ranvier,  after  the 
fibers  have  been  stained  with  silver  nitrate.    Their  significance 
is  unknown. 

In  pn  . 

The  shortest  transverse  measurement  of  the  forehead. 

The  pigmentation  of  the  linea  alba. 

In  sui | 

A  section  of  the  femur,  through  an   imaginary  line  below  the 
trochanter  major. 

,;e  disease  of  some 
■niuial  organ. 

A  line  in  a  child's  face,  running  downward  from  the  region  of 
the  malar  bone  to  join  the  nasal  line. 

Same  as  L.  of  Baillarger. 

t'l). 

t  various  disc: 

A  reddish  streak  or  margin  at  the  reflected  edge  of  the  gums. 

• 

ilium),  Inferior 

• 

my. 
ilmistry. 

A  line  following  the  general  direction  of  the  upper  margin  of 
the  zygoma. 

See  /..  splendens. 

»d. 

A  line  beginning  between  the  thumb  and  index-finger,  and  ex- 
tending across   the  center  of  the  palm  of  the  hand  parallel  to 
the  line  of  the  heart. 

' 

ilmistry. 
ilmistry. 

See  L.,  Hepatic. 

See  L.,  Cardiac. 

See  L.,  Atrope. 

:ry. 

A  line  beginning  at  the  wrist  near  the  line  of  life  and  running 
upward  to  the  base  of  the  little  finger. 

imy. 

A  white   line  marking  the  point  of  junction  of  the  skin  of  the 
perineum  with  the   mucosa  of  the  anus,  and  also  the  point  of 
separation  of  the  external  from  the  internal  sphincter.     It  is 
dways  readily  detected. 

value    in 
the  hip-joint. 

A  sulcus  below  the  fold  of  the  groin,  starting  from  the  femoro- 
ital  furrow,  and  fading  away  between  the  great  trochanter 
and  the  anterior  superior  iliac  spine.     It  crosses  the  middle  of 
the  capsule  of  the  hip. 

'      •      rth's. 

1  ,  alba. 

A  line  tangential  to  the  lower   margin  of  the  orbit,  and  pass- 
ing through  the  auricular  point. 

• 

The  iliac  portion  of  the  ilio-pectineal  line. 

ridge  marking  the  brim  of  the  true  pelvis,  situated 
on  the  ilium  and  partly  on  the  pubis. 

LINES  691  LINES 

TABLE  OF   LINES   OR    LINEjE.— Continued. 


Name. 

Department,  Significance,  etc. 

Description. 

Incremental  (Salter's). 

Microscopic  anatomy. 

A  curved  line  in  dentine,  supposed  to  indicate  the  laminar 
structure,  and  to  correspond  to  the  successive  lamina;  or 
strata  of  dentine. 

Inner  (of  Baillarger). 

Anatomy. 

A  thin,  whitish  line  parallel  to  the  surface,  seen  with  the  naked 
m  a  section  of  the  gray  matter  of  the  cerebrum.     It  is  the 
liiih  line  from  without  inward. 

Innominate. 

Obstetrics. 

See  L.,  Ilio-pectineal. 

Interauricular. 

Craniometry. 

A  line  joining  the  two  auricular  points. 

Intercellular. 

Microscopic  anatomy. 

The  narrow  intervals  between  contiguous  cells  of  epithelium  or 
endothelium.     They  are  filled  by  the  cell-cement. 

Intercondylar. 

Anatomy. 

A  transverse  ridge  joining  the  condyles  of  the  femur  above  the 
intercondyloid  fossa. 

Intercondylean. 

Anatomy. 

See  L.,  Intercondylar. 

Interjugal. 

Craniometry. 

A  line  joining  the  jugal  points. 

Intermalar. 

Craniometry. 

A  line  joining  the  malar  points. 

Intermediate. 

Microscopic  anatomy. 

See  L.,  Dobie's. 

Intermediate      (of    the 
ilium). 

Anatomy. 

The  ridge  upon  the  crest  of  the  ilium  between  its  inner  and  out- 
er lip. 

Intertrochanteric,    an- 
terior (of  the  femur). 

Anatomy. 

A  line  upon  the  anterior  surface  of  the  femur,  separating  the 
neck  and  shaft,  extending  between  the  tubercle  and  a  point 
close  to  and  in  front  of  the  lesser  trochanter. 

Intertrochanteric,  pos- 
terior (of  the  femur). 

Anatomy. 

A  ridge  on  the  posterior  surface  of  the  femur,  extending  between 
the  greater  and  lesser  trochanters. 

Intermberal. 

Anatomy. 

A  line  joining  the  inner  borders  of  the  ischial  tuberosities,  im- 
mediately below  the  small  sciatic  notch. 

Jadelot's. 

Various  diseased  conditions. 

See  L.,  Genal,  Labial,  Nasal,  and  Oculozygomatic. 

OfKilian. 

Anatomy. 

See  L.  prominens. 

Kirchoff's. 

In  spectroscopy. 

See  L.,  Fraunhofer's. 

Labial  (ofjadelot). 

Supposed  to   indicate  pulmonary  dis- 
ease. 

A  line  on  an  infant's  face  running  downward  and  backward  from 
the  angle  of  the  mouth. 

Lateral. 

Comparative  anatomy. 

In  fishes,  the  line  of  openings  of  ducts  on  either  side  of  the  body. 

Of  life. 

In  palmistry. 

A  line  starting  near  the  wrist,  skirting  the  base  of  the  thumb, 
and  terminating  between  the  thumb  and  the  line  of  the  head. 

Ligar's. 

In   anatomy ;   the  upper  point   of  tri- 
section   of    the    first    indicates    the 
emergence  of  the  gluteal  artery  ;  the 
middle  of  the  second,  the  spot  where 
the  sciatic  artery  leaves  the  pelvis. 

Two  lines,  one  joining  the  posterior  iliac  spine  at  a  point  mid- 
way between  the  tuber  ischii  and  the  great  trochanter;  the 
other  from  the  posterior  iliac  spine  to  the  inner  point  of  trisec- 
tion  of  a  line  between  the  tuber  ischii  and  the  trochanter. 

Mammillary. 

Physical  diagnosis. 

A  vertical  line  passing  through  the  center  of  the  nipple. 

Media  mesolobii. 

Anatomy. 

The  raphe  of  the  callosum. 

Media  scroti. 

Anatomy. 

The  raphe  of  the  scrotum. 

Median. 

Anatomy.                                                         A  line  joining  any  two  points  at  the  periphery  of  the  meson  or 

median  plane  of  the  body. 

Mylo-hyoidean. 

Anatomy.                                                        See  L.,  Oblique,  Internal  (of  the  inferior  maxilla). 

Nasal  (of  fadelot).  Also 
called  De  Salle's  line. 

Supposed  to  indicate  abdominal   dis- 
ease and  other  wasting  diseases. 

A  line  on  a  child's  face,  starting  at  the  upper  margin  of  the  ala 
nasi,  and,  encircling  the  angle  of  the  mouth,  extending  down- 
ward to  the  outer  edge  of  the  orbicularis  muscle. 

Naso-alveolar. 

Craniometry.                                                  See  L.,  Alveola-nasal. 

Naso-basilar. 

Craniometry.                                                  The  line  drawn  through  thebasion  and  the  nasal  point. 

Naso-1  ambdoi  d  (of 
Poirier). 

Craniometry. 

A  line  drawn  from  the  naso-frontal  groove  to  a  point  one  centi- 
meter above  the  lambda.  It  is  of  value  in  determining  the 
position  of  the  fissure  of  Rolando. 

Naso-subnasal. 

Craniometry. 

The  line  running  from  the  subnasal  spine  to  the  naso-frontal  su» 
ture. 

NSlaton's. 

In  surgery  ;   in  dislocation   of  the   fe- i 
mur  backward  the   trochanter   is  al- 
ways found  above  this  line. 

A  line  drawn  from  the  anterior  superior  spine  of  the  ilium  to  the 
most  prominent  part  of  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium. 

LINES 

R    i  im:.i  —('."///'■ 


•  ■RIPTION. 


:  the  linea  alba  in  pregnancy. 


irved  line  of  the  occ  iput. 


,1  protubi  ■ 


line  "i  the  occiput. 


minent  ridgeon  the  internal  surface  ol  the  shaft  ol  the 
immencing  above  at   the  inner  sideof  the  head,  and 
ng  in  the  interosseous  ridge   at  the  lower  fourth  of 

minent  ridge  running  from  the  lower  part  of  the  bicipital 
lubei                wnward  and  outward,  to  form  the  anterior  Dor- 
ione. 

lending  downward  and  outward  from  the  tubercle  of 
the                  .milage. 

A  rough  ridge  that  cross*  S  the  posterior  surface  of  the  tibia  ob- 
twnward  from  the  back  part  of  the  articular  facet  for 
the  fibula  to  the  internal  border. 

A  prominent  ridge  on  the  external  surface  of  the  inferior  maxilla 
iW  the  mental    foramen,  from  which   it   runs  outward, 
upward,  and  ba<  kward  to  the  anterior  margin  of  the  ramus. 

i  the  internal  surface  of  the  lower  jaw,  commencing  at 
rior  portion   ol   the  sublingual   fossa,  continuing  up- 
i  aii'l  outward  so  as  to  pass  just   below  the  last   two  molar 
th. 

bro-spinal 

A  line  on  a  child's  face  running  from  the  inner  angle  of  the  eye, 
iwnward  and  outward,  to  the  malar  bone. 

fc         *Q   *■ 

•  the   interna! 
'■      '    the  •■  ninr. 

The  line  for  the  tendon  of  the  adductor  magnus,  running  from 
the  tubercle  of  the  femur  to  the  intercondyloid  notch. 

■ 

A  thin,  whitish  line  parallel  to  the  surface,  seen  with   the  naked 
in  a  section  ol  the  gray  matter  of  the  cerebrum.      It  is  the 
third  line  from  without  inward. 

my. 

See  L.,  Contour. 

imy. 

A  dark  line   in   the  electric   plate  of  Gymnolus,  separating  the 
plate  into  two  parts. 

my. 

■ 

In  molluscs,  the  lines  left  in  the  dead  shell  by  the  muscular  mar- 
gin of  the  mantle. 

A  line  midway  between  the  two  nipples. 

The  axis  of  the  parturient  canal. 

1 

That  portion  of  the  ilio-pectineal  line  which  is  formed  by  the  pu- 
bic t 

See  L.,  Oblique  (of  the  tibia). 

The  primitive  streak  oi  the  embryo. 

rhe  promontory  ol  the  sai  rum. 

l-marked   eminence  on   tin- femur  commencing  about  the 
middle  of  the  posterior  intertrochanteric  line,  and  descending 
vertically  for  about  two  inches  along  the  posterior  surface  of 
the  shaft. 

'    eminens  (of  the  posterior  pyramid). 

' 

1                    onnecting  the  bases  of  the  upward  strokes  in    a  trai  - 

ing  of  the  pulse.     In   quiel    breathing  it  is  nearly  straight,  but 

in   la                                md  in  some  dis<  ased  i  onditions  it   be- 

lore  oi  less  regular  curve, due  to  the  influence  of  the 

n  the  i  m  ulation. 

■  laton's. 

mental. 

LINES  693  LINES 

TABLE   OF    LINES   OR    LINE^E.— Continued. 


Name. 

Departmknt,  Sicnificani 

Description. 

Scapular. 

Physical  diagnosis. 

A  vertical  line  downward  from  the  lower  angle  of  the  scap- 
ula. 

Schreger's. 

Microscopic  anatomy. 

in  dentine,  having  a  general  parallelism  to  the  pulp-cavity. 
They  are  caused  1  ■  :  the  primary  or  great  curvatures 
ol  the  dentinal  tubules. 

Semicircular      (Doug- 
las's). 

Topographic  anatomj . 

i  urved  lower  edge  "t  the  i  urosis 
ol  the  internal  oblique  n  ••  it  ceases 
to  cover  the  postenor  surface  ol  the  rectus  abdominis. 

Semilunar    (of  Spige- 
lius). 

Topographic  anatomy. 

A  curved  tendinous  condensation  "1  the  aponeurosis  of  the  ex- 
ternal oblique  muscle  of  the  abdomen,  running  along  the  outer 
border  of  the  rectus  abdominis. 

Ofsifcht. 

In  optics. 

An  imaginary  line  drawn  from  thi  Hewed  to  the  center 
ol  the  pupil. 

Sinuous,     inferior    (of 
the  anus). 

Anatomy. 

The  convoluted  line  at  the  junction  of  the  mucosa  of  the  rectum 
with  the  integument  at  the  anus. 

Solea. 

Anatomy. 
Topographic  anatomy  ■ 

Topographic  anatomy. 

Oblique  line  of  the  tibia  at  the  attachment  of  the  soleus  muscle. 

Spigel's. 

See  L.,  Semilunar. 

Of  Spigelius. 

See  L.,  Semilunar. 

Splendens  (of  Ha  Her). 

Anatomy. 

A  longitudinal  fibrous  band  extending  along  the  middle  line  of 
the  anterior  surface  of  the  spinal  pia. 

Sternal. 

Physical  diagnosis. 

The  median  line  of  the  sternum. 

Sterno-mastoid. 

In  surgery. 

A  line  drawn  from  a  point  between  the  two  heads  of  the 
sterno-mastoid  muscle  to  the  mastoid  process. 

Supracondylar,    exter- 
nal (of  the  femur). 

Anatomy. 

The  external,  inferior  continuation  of  the  lineaaspera  of  the  fe- 
mur. 

Supracondylar,     inter- 
nal (of  the  femur). 

Anatomy. 

The  inner  of  the  two  ridges  into  which  the  linea  aspera  of  the 
femur  divides. 

Supra-orbital. 

In  craniometry. 

A  line  extending  horizontally  across  the  forehead  immediately 
above  the  root  of  the  external  angular  process  of  the  frontal  bone 

Temporal. 

Anatomy. 

A  curved  line  on  the  outer  surface  of  the  parietal  bone,  just  be- 
low the  parietal  eminence,  forming  in  part  the  upper  boundary 
of  the  temporal  fossa. 

Test  (Bryant's). 

Surgery- 

A  line  for  detecting  fracture  or  shortening  of  the  neck  of  the  fe- 
mur. If  two  lines  are  drawn  tomeet  at  right  angles,  one  of 
them  backward  from  the  anterior  superior  spinous  process  of 
the  ilium,  and  the  other  upward  from  the  top  of  the  trochanter 
major;  the  latter  is  the  test-line  Its  length  is  to  be  compared 
with  the  same  line  on  the  uninjured  side. 

Thompson's. 

Frequently   noticeable   in   pulmonary 
tuberculosis. 

A  red  line  of  vascular  tissue  along  the  margin  of  the  gums. 

Topinard's  profile. 

Craniometry. 

A  line  joining  the  intersuperciliary  point  and  the  most  prominent 
point  of  the  chin. 

Transverse  (of  the  ab- 
domen). 

Anatomy. 

The  tendinous  intersections  in  the  course  of  the  rectus  abdomi- 
nis muscle. 

Transverse     (of   the 
fourth  ventricle). 

Anatomy. 

The  striae  acusticae  of  the  fourth  ventricle. 

Transverse(o_/" sacrum) . 

Anatomy. 

Ridges  formed  by  the  lines  of  union  of  the  four  sacral  vertebrae. 

Trapezoid. 

Anatomy. 

The  line  of  attachment  of  the  trapezoid  ligament  on  the  inferior 
surface  of  the  outer  portion  of  the  clavicle. 

OfVicq  d'  Azyr. 

Anatomy. 

See  L.,  Outer  (of  Baillarger). 

Virchow's. 

Craniometry. 

The  line  extending  from  the  root  of  the  nose  to  the  lambda. 

Visual. 

Optics. 

An  imaginary  line,  drawn  from  a  point  looked  at,  through  the 
nodal  point  of  the  eye.  to  the  macula  lutea. 

Vogt's  alveolar  line. 

Craniometry. 

A  line  extending  from  the  maximum  occipital  point  to  the 
superior  alveolar  point. 

L.,  Zollner's. 

In  optics  (for  test-purposes). 

Draw  three  parallel  horizontal  lines  one  centimeter  apart,  and 
through  the  upper  and  lower  ones  draw  short,  oblique,  parallel 
lines  in  the  direction  from  above  and  the  left  to  below  and  the 
right :  through  the  middle  line  draw  similar  oblique  lines,  but 
in  the  opposite  direction  ;  then  the  three  horizontal  lines  no 
longer  appear  to  be  parallel ;  they  are  actually  so,  but  some  ap- 
pear to  converge  and  others  to  diverge. 

1  n  (MYOMA 


Line  a 

that 

aniectom 

I.     l-'rac- 
I  with  little  or  no 


j.     Mai 


i  little  line].      In  bi- 

[n  bi- 

e  by 
of  the  body, 
-.  kinesither- 

: 

■ 
..i  ,  Lingu    ].     The 

L.  geographica, 

L.,  Posterior,  the   epi- 

L.    propendula,    at  synonym   of 


I. 


|.    Shaped  like  the 
L.  Artery. 
L.  Bone.    See  //.  L. 

L.   Nerve. 


of. 
1    ,    dim.     of    lingua,    a 
L.laminosa.  See  Lingula. 
I  .    tongue  ;    forma, 

■  ■•  of  tin  u :.  a  tongue],     A 

live   of 
ntra)   lobule  of  the  cerebellum. 
■    laminosa.     Also,  a 
of   the 
also   called  the  ligula  and  the 
o,  the  line  of  demarca- 
te   I  and 
nd  th<  elian  surface.     L. 

tie    of   b 
i    of   the    lower 
in  in 
L.  of  Wrisberg,  the   conn& 
I   the    trit 

■ 

I 

it  tit. 

ir:     //., 
|uid   oinb 

medi- 
oily  mixtui 

L.    exsiccans. 
hn  Long's, 

etic 


acid, and  yolk  of  egg.  L.,  Stokes',  a  stimulating  lini- 
nt  containing  oil  of  turpentine  ioo,  acetic  arid  15, 
3o,  linseed  oil  4,  and  the  yolk  of  one  egg. 
L.,  Swediaur's,  a  salve  for  application  to  carcinoma- 
tous ulcers,  containing  arsenious  a<  id  and  olive  oil. 

Limn  '  nin)  \Jinum,  flax].  1.  A  strongly  purgative 
principle  obtainable  from  /.intuit  catharticum ,or  purg- 
ing flax.  Unof.  2.  [n  biology,  minute  threads  extend- 
ing between  the  individual  microsomata  (ids)  in  a 
:  nucleus.  (O.  nod  Rath.)  ["he  achromatin  of  the 
nuclear  network  ;  parachromatin,  less  correctly  called 
nucleo-hyaloplasm. 

Linitis  (/i-ni'-tis)  [Tuvov,  web;  /r/r,  inflammation].  An 
inflammation  of  the  network  of  filamentous  areolar 
tissue  surrounding  the  vessels  of  the  stomach.  L., 
Plastic,.!  term  for  fibrinous  infiltration  of  the  pylorus. 
L.,  Suppurative,  suppurative  or  phlegmonous  gas- 
tritis 

Link  [lingk)  [ME.,  lenke,  a  link].     A  loop  of  a  chain. 

Linoleic  Acid  {lin-o-L'-ik).     See  Acid. 

Linolein  [lin-o'-I,  in)  [linum,  tlax  ;  oleum,  oil].  The 
neutral  fat  contained  in  linseed  oil,  to  which  the 
drying  property  of  the  oil  is  due.  It  is,  chemically,  a 
linoleate  of  glycerin. 

Linseed  {lin'-sSd).  See  Linum.  L.  Oil,  Oleum  lint,  is 
expressed  from  the  seeds  of  the  Linum  usitatissimitm , 
or  flax-plant.  By  cold  pressure  is  obtained  a  pale, 
tasteles-  oil.  which  is  used  in  Russia  and  Poland 
in  cooking,  as  a  substitute  for  lard  or  butter.  By  warm 
pressure  an  amber-colored  or  dark-yellow  oil  is  ob- 
tained. Linseed  oil  is,  when  fresh,  somewhat  viscid, 
but  as  a  drying-oil  it  gradually  absorbs  oxygen,  and 
becomes  thick  and  eventually  dry  and  hard.  It  is  used 
in  the  preparation  of  paints,  varnishes,  printers' ink, 
and  oil-cloth.  L.  Poultice,  a  poultice  made  of  linseed 
meal. 

Lint  [linum,  flax].  A  loosely  woven  or  partly  felted 
mass  of  broken  linen-fibers,  made  by  scraping  and 
"picking"  old  linen  cloth.  It  is  used  as  a  dressing 
for  wounds  and  raw  surfaces.  See  Charpie.  L.,  Com- 
mon, lint  that  is  twilled  on  one  side  and  "  woolly" 
on  the  other.  In  the  spreading  of  an  ointment  the 
twilled  side  is  used. 

Linteum  {lin' -te-uni)  [L.].  Lint.  L.,  Patent, 
English  charpie  ;  lint  that  is  scraped  on  both  sides, 
a  soft  finish  being  thus  given  to  the  two  surfaces. 
L.,  Picked,  charpie. 

Linum  (li'-iutm)  [L.  :  gen.,  Lini\  Flaxseed.  Lin- 
seed. The  seeds  of  L.  usitatissimum,  the  common 
flax-plant,  containing  30-40  per  cent,  of  fixed  (linseed) 
oil  in  the  embryo  of  the  seed,  and  15  per  cent,  of 
mucilage  in  the  epithelium.  It  is  a  demulcent,  emol- 
lient, and  expectorant,  useful  in  all  inflammations  of 
mucous  membranes.  L.,  Cataplasma  (B.  P.),  made 
from  linseed  meal.  L.  catharticum  is  an  active  purga- 
tive and  vermifuge.  L.,  Farina  (B.  P.),  flaxseed  meal 
used  as  a  poultice.  L.,  Ol.,  the  fixed  oil  of  flaxseed 
expressed  cold  ;  a  glycerid  of  linoleic  acid.  Dose 
§ ss— ij.  L.,  Infus.,  unof.,  "flaxseed  tea,"  flaxseed 
,^iij.  licorice  root  _^j,  water  2x,  infused  four  hours. 
lii-'-  indefinite.  L.,  Semen,  linseed  or  flaxseed. 
Carron  Oil,  linseed  oil  emulsified  in  lime-water.  The 
genus    Linum     contains    several    other    species. 

Liodermia  (li-o-der' '-me-ah\  [AcZoc,  smooth;  depfia, 
skin].  A  condition  of  smoothness  and  glossiness  of 
the  skin.  L.  essentialis  cum  melanosi  et  telangi- 
ectasia.    Synonym  of  Xeroderma  pigmentosum. 

Liomyoma  {li-o-mi-o'-maA)  [/nor,  smooth;  fiiiufia, 
a  muscle-tumor].  A  tumor  composed  of  unstriped 
muscular  tissue ;  it>  mosl  common  seat  is  the  uterus, 
where,  on  account  of  the  admixture  of  fibrous  tissue,  it 
is  known  as  uterine  fibroid. 


LIOTRICHOUS 


(595 


LIFURIA 


Liotrichous  (li-olf-rik-us).     See  Leiotrichous. 

Lip  [ME.,  ///,  lip].  Either  of  the  fleshy  folds  sur- 
rounding the  orifice,  of  the  mouth;  or  one  >>i  the  labia 
majora.  See  Labium.  L. -protector,  a  shield  for 
protecting  the  lip  during  a  dental  operation.  L.- 
reading,  German  System  of,  a  method  of  teaching 
deaf-mutes  to  speak  by  imitating  the  movements  of  the 
lips  and  tongue,  while  modulation  is  secured  by  feel- 
ing the  vibrations  of  the  teacher's  larynx,  the  pupil 
in  this  way  attempting  to  control  the  natural  harshness 
of  the  laryngeal  sounds.  L. -salve,  a  cosmetic  oint- 
ment for  the  lips. 

Lipa  (li'-pah)  [L.].     Fat. 

Lipacidemia  [lip-as -id-e'-me-ah)  \7uwog,  fat;  acidus, 
sour  ;  alfia,  blood].  The  presence  of  fatty  acids  in  the 
blood,  with  diminution  of  its  alkalinity. 

Lipaciduria  [lip-as-id-u' -re-ah)  \Xiirog,  fat;  acidus, 
acid;  oipov,  urine].  The  presence  of  fatty  acids  in 
the  urine. 

Lipaemia  (lip-e'-me-ah).     See  Lipemia. 

Lipanin  [lip* '-an-in)  [Mirog,  fat].  A  substitute  for  cod- 
liver-oil,  consisting  of  pure  olive-oil  and  six  per  cent, 
of  oleic  acid.  It  speedily  emulsifies  in  weak  solutions 
of  soda,  has  an  agreeable  taste,  and  is  readily  taken. 
The  dose  is  from  2  to  6  tablespoonfuls  daily. 

Lipara(////-rfr-(///)[/^apoc,  fatty].   An  emollient  plaster. 

Liparia  (lip-a' '-re-ah)  [Xiirapia,  fatness].  Fatness; 
obesity. 

Liparocele  (lip'  -ar-o-sel)  \7nzap6c,  fat ;  k/'////,  a  tumor]. 
A  fatty  tumor  or  cyst;  a  hernia  containing  fatty  tissue. 

Liparoid  (lip'-ar-oid)  ['//-apoc,  fatty;  euhr,  like]. 
Resembling  fat. 

Liparomphalos  (lip-ar-om'  -fal-os)  [/U7rapoc,  fat;  bu<pa- 
t\6g,  the  navel].  A  fatty  tumor  situated  at  the  navel, 
or  involving  the  umbilical  cord. 

Liparoscirrhus  (lip-ar-o-skir' '-us)  [l.rxapdc,  fat;  onippoc, 
a  carcinomatous  growth].       A  fatty,  scirrhous  tumor. 

Liparotrichia  (lip-ar-o-trik'  -e-ah)  [/.tirapog,  fat ;  dpij;, 
hair].      Abnormal  greasiness  of  the  hair. 

Liparous  (Zip' '-ar-us)  ['/.cnapag,  fat].      Fat ;   obese. 

Lipemania  (li-pe-ma'-ne-ah).      See  Lypemania. 

Lipemia  (lip-e'-me-ah)  [/Uttoc,  fat;  alpa,  blood].  The 
presence  of  an  emulsion  of  fine  oil-globules  in  the 
blood,  a  condition  sometimes  noted  in  diabetes.  L., 
Intra-ocular,  a  condition  characterized  by  marked 
distention  of  the  retinal  vessels,  and  a  salmon-colored 
fundus.     L-    retinalis.     Same  as  L.,  Intra-ocular. 

Lipocele  (lip'-o-sel).      Synonym  of  Liparocele,  a.  v. 

Lipochrin  (lip'-o-krin)  [Xiirog,  fat;  uxpoc,  sallow].  A 
yellow  pigment  obtained  from  the  fat-globules  in  the 
retinal  epithelium.  It  is  soluble  in  chloroform,  ether, 
and  benzol.  It  is  probably  closely  allied  to  the  yel- 
low coloring-matter  of  many  other  animal  fats.  It  is 
slowly  bleached  by  sunlight. 

Lipochrome  (lip'-o-krom)  [Xinog,  fat ;  xpij^a,  color]. 
Any  one  of  the  very  numerous  fatty  pigments  of  the 
animal  economy,  such  as  the  chromophanes  and 
lutein.  They  are  fatty  pigments  characterized  by 
exhibiting  absorption-bands,  which,  though  varying 
somewhat  in  position  according  to  the  solvent  em- 
ployed, are  usually  situated  toward  the  violet  end  of 
the  spectrum.  Under  this  class  of  pigments  are  in- 
cluded the  luteins.  These  fatty  pigment-  are  found 
in   the  blood  and  viscera  of  many  invertebrates. 

Lipodermatous  (lip-o-der* -mat-us)  [Xeiireiv,  to  leave; 
Aepfja,  skin].      Affected  with  lipodermia. 

Lipodermia  (li-po-der'-me-ah).     See  Leipodermia. 

Lipofibroma  \lip-o-ft.-bro'-mah)  [Mirog,  fat;  fibroma,  a 
fibrous  tumor].      A  lipoma  witli  fibrous  elements. 

Lipogastrosis  (lip-o-gas-tro1 '-sis)  [Xeiireiv,  to  leave  ;  to 
be  lacking;  yaorfip,  stomach].  In  biology,  absence 
of  a  proper  enteric  cavity,  or  stomach. 


Lipogenesis  (lip-o-jen'  , .  is)  [//-or,  fat  ;  yivtavg,  birth]. 
The  formation  or  deposit  of  fat. 

Lipogenous  (lip-oj' -en-us)  [XiirSg,  fat;  yewav,  to 
beget].     Fat-producing. 

Lipoid  (lip'-oid)  [^iiroc,  fat;  eldoc,  like] .  Resembling 
fat  or  oil. 

Lipoma  [lip-of -mah)  \7uirog,  fat;  bfia,  a  tumor://., 
Lipomata\  A  fatty  tumor.  L.  arborescens  tuber- 
culosum,  tuberculous  disease  of  a  joint,  in  which 
the  whole  inner  surface  of  the  synovial  membrane  is 
covered  with  sessile  or  pedunculated  papillomatous 
growths,  small  and  rather  uniform  in  size.  If  these 
become  detached  they  constitute  the  so-called  rice- 
bodies.  L.  colloides,  myxolipoma.  L.,  Cystic, 
one  containing  cysts.  L.,  Fibrous.  See  IJpnfibroma. 
L.,  Myxo-,  a  lipoma  containing  myxomatous  tissue. 
L.,  Pendulous,  Lipoma  pendulum.  L.  pendulum, 
a  lipoma  having  a  pedicle.  L.,  Telangiectatic,  one 
containing  many  dilated  blood-vessels. 

Lipomatoid  (lip-o/-mat-oid).      See    Lipomatous. 

Lipomatosis  (lip-o-mat-o'-sis)  [/JTru/ia,  a  fatty  tumor]. 
A  general  deposition  of  fat ;  obesity. 

Lipomatous  (lip-c/ -mat-us)  ['/i—uua,  a  fatty  tumor]. 
Of  the  nature  of  a  lipoma  ;   fatty. 

Lipomeria  (lip-o-me' '-re-ah)  [Xeiireiv,  to  leave;  fiepog, 
a  part].     A  monstrosity  having  one  limb  absent. 

Lipomyxoma  (lip-o-77iiks-o'-»iah  \  [//-<»/,  fat;  (ivi-Ofta, 
a  myxomatous  tumor  :  //. ,  Lipomyxomata~\.  A  myx- 
oma with  fatty  elements. 

Liposarcous  (lip-o-sar'  -kus)  [Xeineiv,  to  leave  ;  cap!; , 
flesh].     Lean;  emaciated. 

Liposis  (lip-o'-sis).      See  I^ipomatosis. 

Lipospongosis  (lip-o-spun-go' -sis)   \7attoc,  fatty;   c- . 
}of,  sponge].      The  formation  of  a  fatty  or  sponge- 
like outgrowth. 

Lipostomatous  [lip-o-sto' -mat-u>)  [/Xeineiv,  to  leave; 
arofia,  mouth].    Absence  of  a  mouth. 

Lipostomosis  (lip-o-sto-mo'-sis)  [/Xeineiv,  to  leave;  to 
be  lacking;  aro/ia,  mouth].  In  biology,  absence  of  the 
oral  aperture. 

Lipostomy  (lip-os' '-to-me)  [feiireiv,  to  leave ;  ardfia, 
mouth].     Atrophy  of  the  mouth. 

Lipothymia  (lip-o-thi' '-me-ah).     See  Leipothymia. 

Lipotype  (lip'-o-tip)  [Xeiireiv,  to  leave,  to  be  lacking; 
ri  -oc,  impression,  type].  In  biology,  a  type  of  or- 
ganism, the  absence  of  which  is  characteristic  of  a 
particular  district  or  region  ;  thus  the  Boiidu:  and  /  Iver- 
rida  are  lipotypes  of  the  neotropic  region. 

Lipoxenous  (lip-oks'-e/i-us)  [/Xeiireiy,  to  leave;  ;tior, 
host].  In  biology,  applied  to  a  parasite  that  leaves 
its  host  and  completes  its  existence  independently. 

Lippa  (lip'-ah).     Lippitudo,  </.  v. 

Lippia  (lip'-e-ah)  [after  Augustus  L.ippi,  a  French  phy- 
sician]. A  genus  of  verbenaceous  plants.  The 
leaves  of  L.  mexicana,  growing  in  Mexico  and  the 
U.  S.,  are  demulcent  and  expectorant,  and  do  not 
nauseate.  Dose  of  the  tincture  ,^ss-j.  L.  dulcis 
and  L.  graveolens  have  similar  uses.      Unof. 

Lippich's  Polarimeter.  A  polarimeter  for  the  quanti- 
tative determination  of  sugar  in  the  urine. 

Lippiol  (lip'-e-ol)  [lippia;  oleum,  oil].  A  medicinal 
camphor  derivable  from  Lippia  mexicana.     Unof. 

Lippitude  (lip' '-e-titd '),  Lippitudo  (lip-e-tu'-do)  {lip- 
pus,  blear-eyed;  a  watery  condition  of  the  eyes].  A 
condition  marked  by  a  moist  and  raw  margin  of  the 
eyelids,  with  a  discharge  of  purulent  matter.  L.  angu- 
laris,  a  chronic  inflammation  of  the  lids  at  the  external 
canthus.     L.  neonatorum,  ophthalmia  neonatorum. 

Lipsis  (lip' -sis)  \_'/en!na  leaving].  Cessation  ;  ending. 
L.  animi,  fainting. 

Lipuria  (lip-uf -re-ah)  [_'/i~or,  fat;  ovpov,  urine].  The 
presence  of  fat  in  the  urine. 


ERIAN    Mil  II-  IDS 


H... 


: 

it  iid]. 

■ 

•    various 

]        I  li.it 
in  .1 

•'■in  ; 

i  s  the 

I-     ' 

L. 

L.    Glue  L., 

inn    sulphid     < >r 

ram   of 

tlphid,  and  add- 

i  -r.     L. 

L.,   May- 

L.    of     Regnauld. 


I. 


I. 


■ 


liquid ; 

■ 

Moll        Of 

ricntalc 
-aciflua.  rth     \ m-  • 

timulant 
and 
lied 
■ 

■  11       I  Int. 

'     Mil]. 
I 

Mill 

'.us  hallcri. 
L    arnni 


L.,  Spirit- 
stypticus, 

L.,  Wild. 


that   <>t"    the   fetus.      It  a    number   of   useful 

i,|  in   labor  protects  the    fetus   and   cord 
ilates    the   os    and    lubricates   the 
il.     L.  Cotunnii,  the  perilymph  secreted 
bj   th  s   membrane  of   the   interna]    ear. 

1.    cntericus,    i  tinal  juice.     L.  folliculi,  the 

fluid  filling  the  follicle  or  s]  bout  the    developing 

mi   in  the  ovary.     L.  gastricus,  the  gastric  juice. 
I.abarraque's,     1  i .  chloratae.        L. 

lymphoe,  th>-  fluid   portion   of  lymph,  analogous  to 
liqui  ii  sanguinis.    L.,  Malt,  a  name  given  to  beer,  ale, 
Malt  liquors  are  made  by  f<  rmenting  an  in- 
on  of  in. dt  (barley)   in  the  presence  of  hops  and 
-.   L.  Morgagni,  the  small  quantity  of 
fluid  found  between  the  crystalline  lens  and  it-  capsule. 
L.  pancreaticus,  pancreatii  juice.    L.  sanguinis,  the 
blood-plasma;    the    fluid    portion    of  the  blood.     L. 
scarpae.     See  Endolymph.     L.  sedans.  See  /  tour- 
num.    L.  seminis,  a  colorless,  transparent, and  albu- 
minous liquid,  which,  along  with  the  spermatozoa  and 

rami        ci  institutes  the  semen. 
uous.    a  distilled    alcoholic  liquor.     L. 
liquor  ferri  chloridi. 
Liquorice    [lik'-or-is).     S  yrrhiza. 

Lirate  (li'-rat)  {lira,  ].     Ridged  or  furrowed. 

Lirella   {li-rel'-ah\\lira,   a  furrow].     In  biology,  the 

uliarly  furrowed  apothecium  of  certain  lichens. 
Liriodendrin  [lir-i-o-den* '-drin)  [XeipioVf   lily  ; 

tree].      An    alitaloidal    precipitate    from  the    bark    of 
ndron  tulipifera.      It    is   stimulant,  tonic,  and 
diuretic,  and  is  said  to  have  toxic  qualities.      Unof. 
Liriodendron  [lir-e-o-den/-dron\  [faipiov,  lily ;  divdpov, 
tree].     A   genus  of  magnoliaceous  trees.     L.  tulipi- 
fera, of  N.  America  and   Asia,  is   the   tulip-tree,  mis- 
called   poplar.       Its    bark     is    stimulant,    tonic,   and 
antipyretic.       Dose   of    the    saturated    tincture     one 
fluidram.     Unof. 
Lisfranc's  Operations.    See  Operations,  Tabic  of.    L.'s 
Tubercle,  a  rough  spot  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
lir-t  rib  near  th    superior  border.      It   serves   for    the 
attachment  of  the  scalenus  anticus  muscle. 
Lisle's  Fever-powder.     A  powder  similar  to  James's 

1'  ivder,  //.  r'. 
Lisp  [ME.,  lispen,  to  lisp].     To  imperfectly  pronounce 

the  sibilant  letters. 
Lisping    {lisp'-ing)    [ME.,  lispen,  to  lisp].     A    defect 
ol     speech,    natural    or   acquired,   in    which    sibilant 
ters   an-  sounded   like   lintjuals,  especially  s  as  tli. 
It    sometimes    arises    from    too  great   length   of   the 
tonL 
Lissauer's  Angles.     Sec  Angles.     L.,   Columns  of. 
'umn.     L.'s  Tract,  a  group  of  fine  nerve  fibers 
in  the  spinal   cord   lying  ventrad  and  dorsad  of  the 
entrance   of   the   dorsal    mots.     These  fibers,   which 
proceed    from    dorsal    roots    at    a    lower    level,    are 
supposed  to  be  in  relation  with  the  posterior  vesicular 
column. 
Lissotrichous   {lis-ol'-rik-us)    \7uaa6q,    smooth;    Opit;, 
hair].     In  biology,  having  straight,  smooth  hair;    less 
'-.  written  leiotrichous  and  liotrichoits. 
Listen    [lis'-n)    [ME.,    listnen,    to    listen].     To   give 
1  to  ;   to  givi 
ter's    Method.     See    Listerian  Methods,  and   also, 
'!<}/  ( 'ultivation. 
Listerian  Methods  of  Dressing  Wounds.     ( larbolic 
arid  was  the  first  antiseptic,  bul  from  its  volatility  and 
tion  as  a  germicide,  it  was  replaced  by 
But   this    proved   irritating  and 
■    I   by  the  albumin  of  the  blood  serum. 
^v'  !  be  called    the  Third    Method  was  the 

sing    called    Sero-sublimate    Gauze, 


LIS!  I  RINE 


r,97 


LITHODIALYSIS 


consisting  of  a  gauze  charged  with  a  solution  of  cor- 
rosive sublimate  in  the  serum  of  borses'  blood.  This 
was  found  difficult  to  manufacture  and  was  harsh  and 
non  absorbent.  The  Fourth  Method  consisted  in  a 
combination  ofchlorid  oi  ammonium  and  bichlorid  of 
mercury,  called  Sal-alembroth.     This   was  likev 

liable  because  of  it-  ready  solubility  in  the 
blood-serum.  Fifth  Method,  a  gauze  containing 
three  or  four  per  cent,  by  weight  of  the  biniodid  of 
mercury.  This  proved  irritating  to  the  skin.  A  Sixth 
Method    consists    in    the  employment  o  im- 

pregnated with  a  solution  of  a  double  cyanid  of 
zinc  and  mercur  I  with  rosanilin.     This  is  said 

to  be  non-volatile,  unirritating,  insoluble  in  water, 
ami  onlj  soluble  in   300  >.i   blood-serum.      It 

possesses  but  little  germicidal  power,  while  but  I  :  1200 
keeps  animal  Quids  free  from  putrefaction.  Seventh 
Method;  lately  Lister  has  returned  to  the  use  of 
carbolic  acid,  preferring  it  to  corrosive  sublimate:  (1) 
because  it  is  a  more  powerful  antiseptic;  (2)  because 
it  has  greater  penetrating  power.  He  combines  it 
with  the  use  of  the  double  cyanid  gauze,  preparing 
the  latter  with  a  I  to  20  solution  of  carbolic  arid. 

Listerine  [lis'-ter-in)  [after  Lister,  an  English  physi- 
cian]. A  proprietary  preparation  said  to  contain 
thyme,  eucalyptus,  baptisia,  gaultheria,  and  mentha 
arvensis,  with  two  grains  of  benzo-boric  acid  in  each 
dram. 

Listerism  {lis' '-ter-iztri)  [after  Lister,  an  English  phy- 
sician]. A  general  name  for  the  antiseptic  and 
aseptic  treatment  of  wounds  according  to  the  principles 
first  enunciated  by  Lister.     See  Listerian  Methods. 

Listing's  Law.  See  Law.  L.'s  Reduced  Eye,  in 
optics,  a  schematic  simplified  eye  in  which  there  is 
a  mean  nodal  or  principal  point  lying  between  the 
two  nodal  or  principal  {joints,  the  distance  between 
these  two  points  being  so  small  (only  0.4  mm.)  that 
the}-  may  practically  be  assumed  to  be  one.  By  this 
arrangement  there  is  gained  but  one  refractive  surface 
for  all  the  media  of  the  eye.     See  Eye. 

Liter  [le'-ter)  \litra,  a  pound].  The  unit  of  capacity 
in  the  metric  system,  equal  to  0.88036  of  an  imperial 
quart,  or  1. 056  United  States  quarts  ;  it  is  the  volume 
of  one  kilogram  of  water  at  its  maximum  density. 

Lithagogectasia  {lith-ag-o-jek-ta/-ze-ah)  [Xidog,  stone  ; 
ayu) or,  leading ;  luTaoig,  a  stretching  out].  Lithec- 
tasy. 

Lithagogue  [lithf -ag-og)  [?ifloc,  stone  ;  ayoydg,  lead- 
ing]. Any  agent  or  remedy,  not  mechanical,  which 
tends  to  expel  calculi  from  the  bladder. 

Litharge  (lith'-arj ).  See  Lead  and  Pigments.  Con- 
spectus of. 

Lithate  (lith'-at)  [/iftor,  stone].  Any  salt  of  lithic 
(uric)  acid  ;  a  urate. 

Lithectasy  (lith-ekr -tas-e)  [MBog,  stone;  sktcioic,  a 
stretching  outl.  Dilatation  of  the  urethra  and  neck 
of  the  bladder  for  the  removal  of  calculi. 

Lithectomy  Uith-ek/-to-me')  [Xi8og,  stone;  huTOfii],  a 
cutting  out].      Same  as  Lithotomy. 

Lithemia  (lith-ef -me-ah)  [><"<»/,  stone ;  ai/ua,  blood]. 
Modified  gout.  A  condition  in  which,  owing  to  de- 
fective metabolism  of  the  nitrogenous  elements,  the 
blood  becomes  charged  with  deleterious  substances, 
principally,  perhaps,  of  the  uric  acid  group,  although 
their  exact  chemic  nature  is  not  determined. 

Lithemic  {lith-e> '-mik)  \Mdog,  stone  ;  alfia,  blood]. 
Pertaining  to  or  suffering  from  lithemia. 

Lithenate  {lith> '-en-af).     See  Lithate. 

Lithia  [lith'-e-ah)  \7u8og,  a  stone],  Li20.  Oxid  of 
lithium,  an  alkaline  caustic.  L.  Water,  mineral 
water  containing  lithium  salts  in  solution.  In  the 
United  States,  are  the   Buffalo   Lithia    Water,   water 


from  Buffalo  Lithia  Spring-,  Mecklenburg  County, 
\a.;  Farmville  Lithia  Water,  from  Farmville,  Ya.; 
Londonderry  Lithia  Water,  from  Londonderry  N.  II. 
The  proportion  ol   bicarbonate  of  lithia   1  .  in 

the  three  waters  mentioned  i-  as  follows:  London- 
derry, 8.620,  Buffalo,  1.484-2.25,  Farmville,  1 

Lithiasic  Acid  [lith-e-as'  -ik).      Uric  acid,  a.  v. 

Lithiasis  [lith-i'-as-is)   [.'  me].      The  formation 

of   call  ulus,  especially    of   urinary    calculus,    and    of 

utj  1  oncretions  in  I  ;  also  the   \  -late 

■  •I   tie   bod)  thai  favors  such  calculous  formation.     L. 

conjunctivae,  an  affection  of  th  1  haracterized 

by    calcareous    d  I I    tin  n  at  the 

mouths  of  the  Meibomian  duct-.,  commonly  seen  in 
elderly  people,  especially  such  as  are  rheumatic.  '  >n 
everting  the  lids  the  small,  yellowish- white  concre- 
tions, gritty  to  the  touch,  may  be  found. 

Lithiate  {lith'-e-at).  ate. 

Lithic  (lith'-ik)  [Xt0iic6c,  stony].     1.  Pertaining  to  stone, 
or  calculus.      2.   Pertaining  to  lithium.     L.  Acid. 
/   i<i,    (  rie. 

Lithium  (lith'-e-itm)  [TiiOog,  stone:  gen.,  Lithii].  1  i 
7;  quanti valence  I.  One  of  the  rarer  alkaline  metals, 
a  few  of  the  salts  only  being  used  in  medicine. 
Elements,  Table  of.  Because  of  it.->  low  atomic  weight, 
it-  high  saturating  power  makes  its  salts  more  highly 
alkaline  than  those  of  sodium  and  potassium.  The 
carbonate  and  citrate  are  used  largely  in  rheumatism 
and  gout.  L.  benzoas,  l.iC-I  I .<  >.,.  Dose  gr.  ij— x.  See 
Benzoic  Acid.   L.  bromidum,  LiBr.  min.   L. 

carbonas,  Li.,( .'<).,,  not  deliquescent.  Dose  gr.  ij— xv. 
L.-carmin  Solution.  See  Stains,  ladle  of.  L. 
citras,  Li3C6H507,  deliquescent.  Dose  gr.  v-xxx. 
L.  guaiacus,  contains  3  parts  of  guaiacum  and  1 
of  lithium.  Dose  gr.  v.  L.  hippuras,  u>ed  in 
gout.  Dosegr.  v— x.  L.  oxidum.  See  Lithia.  L. 
salicylas,  2LiC.H-03. Il,C).  See  Salix.  Liquor 
lithiae    effervescens  (15.  P.),  useful   in  gout.      Dose 

Lithiuria  {lith-e-uf-re-ah\  [Y'tdoc,  stone  ;  ovpov,  urine]. 
Lithuria,  q.  v. 

Lithobexis  {lith-o-beks* -is)  \7uBog,  stone;  (3ijz,  cough] 
Cough  with  expectoration  of  calcareous  particles. 

Lithocenosis  (Jith-o-sen-o'-sis)  [y.idog,  stone ;  kevuoic, 
evacuation].  The  extraction  of  the  fragments  of  cal- 
culi that  have  been  crushed  or  mechanically  divided. 

Lithoclast  (lith'-o-l-last).     See  Lithotrite. 

Lithoclastic  (lith-o-klas'-tik\  ['/iOoc,  stone;  icXaeiv,  to 
break].  Relating  to  the  surgical  crushing  of  a  calculu- 
in  the  bladder. 

Lithoclasty  {lith'-o-klas-te).      Lithotrity,  q.  7: 

Lithoclysmia  (lith-o-hliz'-me-ah)  [Xidog,  stone  ;  k'/ • - 
clyster].     An  injection  of  solvent  liquids  into  the  blad- 
der for  the  removal  of  calculi. 

Lithocyst  [lith' -o-sisi)  [/.'tdog,  stone ;  kIgtic,  bladder]. 
In  biology:  (a)  One  of  the  marginal  bodies,  in  the  form 
of  little  bags  of  crystals,  found  in  the  covered-eyed 
Medusa;  rudimentary  or  incipient  organ-  of  vision  ; 
they  are  the  exclusive  seat  of  spontaneity,  so  far  as 
so-called  "primary  movements  "  are  concerned,  (b) 
One  of  the  "  crystal-cells  "  of  plant.-. 

Lithocystotomy  {lith-o-sis-toP-o-me)  \  stone  ;  kvo- 

-ic,  bladder;   TOfirf,    a  cut].      Lithotomy,  q.  v. 

Lithocysturia  [lifh-o-sis-tu' -re-ah  .  -tone;  < 

bladder  ;     ovpov,    urine].       Disease   of    the     bladder 
caused  by  lithuria. 

Lithodectasy  Uith-o-dek' '-tas-e).     Lithectasy.  q.  v. 

Lithodialysis  {lith-o-di-aF -is-is)  [XIBog,  stone ;  dial 
to    dissolve].      1.    The     solution    of   calculi   in     the 
bladder.      2.   The   surgical  operation   of  breaking    or 
crushing  a  vesical  calculus,  previous  to  it-  removal  by 
mechanical  or  other  means. 


LITHOTOMY 


: 


L. 


the 


An 


: 

in  pulver- 

\  cal- 

. 

a  ili<-  blad- 

sitting  by 


vw.oil].        V 
anti- 
.1  substi- 
tion,  without 

.    trea- 
ind   treatment  of 


ilution]. 
Voltaic,    electrolytic   litho- 

loose]. 

ilcvili. 

:  calculi  in 

i'/d- 
•  the  blad- 


■ 


i  within,  the 
|.      An 


.  mil 


■ 


the 

I  (tie 

lllus. 


Lithonlytic,    Lithonthryptic   [lith-on-lit'-ik,    lith-on- 

Lithotriptu 
Lithontripsy  {lith-on-trif/ -se)  [Wog,  stone ;  Tpipeiv,  to 

rub].     Synonym  <>t"  Lithotripsy,  </.  v. 
Lithontriptic  n-trip'-tik)   [Wog,  stone;   rpipetv, 

,,,  rub]  ithotriptic  ami  Antilithic. 

Lithontriptor  [     '•-,   stone;   rpi^eiv, 

to  nil'].      A  lithotrite. 
Lithopedion    {lith-o-,  \     "■•■ .    stone ;  icatSlov, 

chilli].     The   calcified    or   mummified    remains  of  a 
dead  fetus  carried  in  the  uterus,  its  appendages,  or  the 
ominal  cavity,  sometimes  long  beyond  the  normal 
period  ol  gestation. 
Lithophagy  (/ith-<  f'-aj  <)•     See  Lithotrity. 
Lithophan  ylith'  •    Pigtnents,  Conspectus  of. 

Lithophone   \lith>  stone;   (puvr/,  sound]. 

An  instrument  for  detecting  by  sound  the  presence  of 
Jculi  in  the  bladder. 
Lithophthisis    [lith-off  ' -this-is)    [Kidog,  stone  ;    00uk?, 
phthisis].     Tuberculosis  >>1  the  lungs  with  calcareous 
.  retions. 
Lithoplatomy  [lith-o-platf -om-e)   ['/JHog,  stone  ;  irfardg, 
wide]       Removal  of  a  vesical  calculus  by  dilating  the 
urethra. 
Lithopriny   Uith-of -rin-e\.      See  Lithotrity. 
Lithoprion   {lith-op-re'-on)    [Tudog,  a   stone;    rrpiuv,  a 
-aw  1.   An  instrument  for  sawing  instead  of  crushing  a 
i     [<  ultis. 
Lithoprisy   (lith-of/ -riz-e)   [Xidog,   stone;   -piatc,  saw- 
ing].      The    operation  of  sawing   through  a  stone  in 
the  bladder. 
Lithoscope  (lith'-o-skop)  [/U0oc,  stone  ;  aiamelv,  to  ex- 
amine].     An  instrument  for  the  detection  and  exami- 
nation of  calculi  in  the  bladder. 
Lithotecnon     (lith-o-tek' -non)    [//Hoc,    stone;    tikvov, 

child].      Same  as  Lithopedion,  </.  V. 
Lithoterethrum,     Lithoteretron    {lith-o-ter'-ethrum, 
lith-o-ter' -et-ron)     [AlOoe,   stone ;    rkperpov,    gimlet]. 
A  lithotrite. 
Lithothlibia    [lith-o-thlib' -e-ah)    \7uQog,  stone  ;  (Oifteiv, 
to  press].      The  operation  of  crushing  a  vesical   cab 
cuius  between   a  sound    introduced   into  the   bladder 
and  a  linger  in  the  rectum  or  vagina. 
Lithothryptic  ilith-o-thrip' -tik)  [tiftog,  stone  ;  dpvTrriKdg, 

breaking;  0  ,  to  break].     Same  as  LithotriHc. 

Lithothryptist    {lith-o-thrip' '-tist)   [/16og,   stone;  dpbir- 

.  to  break].     One  who  practises  lithotrity. 
Lithothryptor  \lith-o-thrip' -tor)  [Wftic,  stone  ;  dpiiirreiv, 

to  break].      An  instrument  used  in  lithotrity. 
Lithothrypty  {lith' -o-thrip-te)  \Wog,  stone;    dplirteiv, 
to  break].      Lithotrity;    the   operation  of  crushing  a 
calculus. 
Lithotome  (tith'-o-tom)  \Wog,  stone;   to/itj,  a  cutting]. 
\  cutting-instrument  for  use  in  lithotomy ;  acystotome. 
L.   cache,  a   lithotome    in   which   the  blade   is    con- 
led,  but    i-    readily    made   to   protrude   after   the 
intr- xl u.  tion  of  the  instrument. 
Lithotomic     (lith-o-tom' -ik)    \7ddog,    stone;     ropyf],    a 
tting].     Relating  to  lithotomy.      L.  Posture.     See 
Postui  of. 

Lithotomist  {lith-otf '-o-misf)  ['/iOoc,  stone  ;    ""»//,  a  cut- 
ting].    A  surgeon  who  practises  or  performs  lithotomy. 
Lithotomy    {lith-otf -o-me)    \7ddog,    stone;     ripveiv,    to 
cut].      Incision  into  the  bladder  to  remove  a  calculus. 
L.,  Bilateral,  entrance  into  the  bladder  by  means  ol 
urved  incision  into  the  perineum  just  in  front  of  the 
turn,  the  lithotome  entering  by  an  incision  into  the 
urethra  at  this  point.   L.,  Central.     See  /,.,  Median. 
L.,  High,  L.,  Hypogastric,  a  suprapubic  cystotomy 
for  the  removal    of   a   stone.      L.,  Lateral,  the  peri- 
n     is    about    \]/2    inches    in    front    of   the 
turn   and   to  the  left  of  the  raphe,  the  cut   being 


LITIIOTONY 


699 


LIVE 


downward  and  outward,  with  the  patient  on  his  back 
and  the  thighs  elevated.  L.,  Median  or  Marian,  the 
perineal  incision  is  made  in  the  median  line  one-half 
inch  in  front  of  the  anus,  by  a  straight,  double-edged 
bistoury.  L.,  Medio-bilateral,  a  modification  oi 
the  bilateral,  consisting  in  a  median  incision  through 
the  perineum,  with  division  of  each  lateral  lobe  of 
the  prostate.  L.,  Medio-lateral,  a  modification  of 
the  lateral  operation,  the  perineal  incision  being  made 
in  the  median  line,  and  the  prostatic  incision  laterally. 
L.,  Perineal,  a  lithotomy  through  a  perineal  incision, 
L.  Position.  Sec  Postures,  Table  of  L.,  Pre-rec- 
tal,  a  modification  of  the  bilateral,  in  which  after  a 
median  incision  through  the  perineum,  the  anterior 
wall  of  the  rectum  is  dissected  from  the  bulb  of  the 
urethra,  and  the  membranous  urethra  is  punctured  ju>t 
anterior  to  the  prostate,  the  latter  being  divided  by 
the  lithotome.  L.,  Recto-vesical,  extraction  of 
a  vesical  stone  by  an  incision  through  the  rectum.  L., 
Renal,  Nephrolithotomy.  L.,  Supra-pubic,  by  an 
incision  above  the  pubis  at  a  point  where  the  bladder 
is  not  covered  by  peritoneum.  L.,  Urethral,  an  inci- 
sion through  the  membraneous  portion  of  the  urethra 
for  removal  of  a  calculus  imbedded  in  the  urethra. 
L.,  Vaginal,  by  incision  through  the  vaginal  wall. 

Lithotony  [lith-otf -o-ne)  [Tutiog,  stone;  reiveiv,  to 
stretch].  Removal  of  a  vesical  calculus  through  an 
artificial  fistula,  which  is  gradually  dilated. 

Lithotresis  [lith-o-tre/ -sis)  [?.<7foc,  stone ;  rpf/aiq,  a 
boring].  The  drilling  of  holes  through  a  calculus,  as 
a  step  in  its  destruction  and  removal. 

Lithotripsy  (litk-o-trif'-se)  ['/ittoc,  stone;  rpifieiv,  to 
rub].  The  operation  of  crushing  calculi  of  the 
bladder.     See  annexed  illustration. 


The  Lithotrite  in  Position  During  the  Operation 
of  Lithotrity. 

Lithotriptic    [lith-o-trip1 -tik)   [MBog,   stone;  Tpl/3eiv,  to 

rub].      Relating  to  lithotripsy. 
Lithotriptor  [lith-o-trip' '-tor)    ['/iftor,  stone  ;   Tptfteir,  to 

rub].      An   instrument   designed    for   crushing  calculi 

in    the   bladder.      L.,    Urethral,    an    instrument    for 

crushing  urethral  calculi. 
Lithotrite    [lith'-o -trit)    [f/ilhc,  stone;   tcrere,   to  rub]. 

An    instrument    for  crushing  or  pulverizing  a  vesical 

calculus. 
Lithotritic  [lith-o-triP-ik)  \f/Moc,  stone;  tere?e,  to  rub]. 

Pertaining  to  lithotrity. 
Lithotrity  [lith-of '-rit-e) ,  Lithotriture   {lith-o!1 '-rit-ur) 


[Xldog,  -tone;  terere,  to  rub].  The  process  of  crush- 
ing a  -tone  in  the  bladder,  by  the  lithotrite,  into  frag- 
mentssmall  enough  to  pass  through  tin-  urethral  canal. 
L.,  Electric,  lithotrity  by  means  of  electrolysi 

Lithotrypsis  [lith-o-trip' -sis).     Same  as  Lithotrity,  </.t. 

Lithotrypterion  [lith-o-trip-ter' -e-on)  [/ii6oc,  a  stone; 
rpi(3ecv,  to  rub].      A  small  lithotrite. 

Lithotryptor  [lith-o-trip' -tor),  Lythotrypter  [lith-o- 
trip'-ter).     Same  as  Lithotrite,  q.  v. 

Lithous  [lith'-tts)  [//"<»,  stone].  Having  the  nature 
or  ci  imposition  of  stone. 

Lithoxyduria  [lith-oks-id-u' '-re-ah)  [//"„,,  stone  ;  o.-e, 
acid;  ovpov,  urine].  The  morbid  presence  of  xanthic 
oxid  in  the  urine. 

L it h uresis  i/////  u-re'-sis)  \7JBog,  stone;  ovptprig, making 
water].      The  voiding  of  small  calculi  with  the  urine. 

Lithuria  [lith-u' -re-ah)  \7uBoc,  stone;  ovpov,  urine]. 
A  condition  marked  by  excess  of  lithic  acid,  or  its 
salts,  in  the  urine. 

Lithurorrhea   [lith-u-ror-e'-ah).     Same  as  Lithuresis. 

Litigation  Symptoms.  Various  vague  manifestations 
of  nervous  shock  following  injury,  concerning  which 
the  question  of  malingering  arises,  and  which  may  be- 
come the  subject  of  medico-legal  inquiry. 

Litmate  {lit' -mat)  [Dan.,  lac,  lac;  moes,  pulp].  A 
salt  of  litmic  acid. 

Litmic  Acid  [lit'-mik)  [Dan.,  lac,  lac;  moes,  pulp]. 
A  constituent  of  litmus. 

Litmus  [lit'-mus)  [Dan.,  lac,  lac;  moes, pvlp].  Archil. 
A  blue  pigment  obtained  from  Rocella  tinctoria,& 
lichen.  It  is  employed  in  chemic  determinations  to 
detect  the  presence  of  acids  and  alkalies.  See  Pig- 
ments,  Conspectus  of.  L.  Paper,  Blue,  unsized  paper 
steeped  in  a  solution  of  litmus ;  it  turns  red  on  contact 
with  acid  solutions.  L.  Paper,  Red,  unsized  paper 
steeped  in  litmus  tincture  colored  red  with  acid  ;  it 
turns  blue  on  contact  with  alkaline  solutions.  L. 
Solution,  L.  Tincture,  a  solution  of  litmus  used 
for  the  determination  of  reaction  as  to  acidity  or 
alkalinity. 

Litrameter  [lit-ram' -et-er)  \purpa,  pound;  fiirpov, 
measure].  An  instrument  for  ascertaining  the  spe- 
cific gravity  of  fluids. 

Litre  [le'-ter).      See  Liter  and  Metric  System. 

Litter  [lit'-er)  [ME.,  liter,  a  litter;  lectica,a.  couch]. 
An  extemporized  stretcher  or  couch,  with  handles, 
for  carrying  the  sick  or  wounded.  L.,  Halsted's,  a 
litter  made  of  two  poles,  united  by  two  transverse  iron 
bars,  and  a  piece  of  canvas  stretched  between  the 
poles.  It  has  four  legs,  each  14  inches  in  length.  L., 
Hand,  a  litter  that  is  carried  by  hand.  L.,  Schell's, 
a  litter  similar  to  Halsted's,  but  instead  of  having 
stationary  legs  the  handles  are  hinged,  serving  as  legs. 

Little,  Disease  of.  Infantile  spasmodic  tabes.  See 
Diseases,  Table  of. 

Littoral  [lit'-or-al)  \litits,  lit  oralis,  sea-shore].  Be- 
longing to  or  inhabiting  the  shore. 

Littre's  Glands.  See  Gland.  L.'s  Hernia,  divertic- 
ular hernia.  See  Diseases,  Table  of,  and  Hernia. 
L.'s  Operation.  See  Operations,  Table  of.  L.'s 
Suture.      See  Suture. 

Litura  [lit-u'-rah)  \litura,  an  erasure,  blot,  blur:  //. , 
Litura\.      In  biology,  a  blurred  marking. 

Liturate  [lit' -u -rat)  [/////rare,  to  erase].  Marked  with 
abrasions  of  the  surface.      To  abrade. 

Live  (7/r')  [ME.,  liven,  to  live].  To  continue  in  being. 
To  have  life. 

Live  [liv)  [bv  apheresis  from  alive].  Living;  ani- 
mate; manifesting  life.  L. -birth,  birth  character- 
ized by  "  the  manifestation  of  some  certain  sign  or 
signs  of  life  by  the  child  after  it  is  completely  born." 
L. -blood,  the  name  given  to  the  sensation  of  fluttering 


. 


LOUAK 


i- 


Liver. 

lobe.    4.  Cau- 

7.  Vena 

t i<>n    (it    l lie   iluctus 

duct.    11.    Hepatic 

[3    In' 

it   hepatic 

;>hragmatic  vein.     17.  Mouth 

11    of   blood-cor- 

quantity  of  urea ; 

inous 

tinal  tract.     Ana- 

the  right,  the  left, 

1  r .it ii ~ .  and  the  lobus 

up  of  lobules  or 

ipillaries, 

and    biliary 

-sue. 

Amyloid.  t  of 

L.,  Bacony.  /.., 

I-  1       L.,  Beaver- 

whi<  h  in  t'orm  resembl 
Cirrhotic,  a  liver  the 

obstrui  tion 
L. -blotches,  liver 
reg. 

prej  nant 

it  the  menstrual 

L.,  Bronze,  a  liver 

L.,   Cir- 

n,  with 

I 

the  hand, 
liver. 

1  an 

I. .. 
the 
1.  .  H 


an 


I. 

I. 


nail.  See  Hobnail  Liver.  L.,  Gin-drinkers',  or  Gin, 
atrophic  cirrhosis  of  the  liver.  L.,  Granulated,  or 
Granular,  a  cirrhotic  liver,  with  a  granular  surface, 
i,,  the  contraction  of  the  interlobular  connec- 
tive tissue.  L.,  Laennec's  Cirrhosis  of,  atrophic 
of  the  liver.  See  Di  ea  ;,  Table  of.  L.- 
leaf.  See  Hepatica.  L.,  Leukemic,  ;i  liver  very 
much  1  in  size  on  account  oi  a  diffuse  infil- 

.     with     leukemic,    or    lymphoid,    tissue.       L., 
Mammillated.     See  Hobnail  Liver.     L.,  Movable. 
L.,  Nutmeg,  a    condition   of   the 
met  with   in   heart  disease,  fatty  infiltration,  and 
amyloid  di  I  he  surface  oi  a  section  has  a  pecu- 

liar, mottled  appearance.  The  center  of  the  lobules  is 
2  dark,  the  periphery  lighter  in  color.  L.-pad,a  bag 
or  cushion  stuffed  with  medicated  materials  and  worn 
the  hypogastric  region,  for  its  supposed  efficacy 
in  hepatic  disease.  L. -patches.  See  L. -blotches. 
L.,  Pulsation  of.  See  L. -pulse.  L. -pulse,  a  sys- 
tolic pulsation  over  the  region  of  the  liver  in  cases  of 
tricuspid  regurgitation.  L.-rot,  disease  in  sheep  due 
to  the  presence  in  the  bile-ducts  of  the  liver  of  the 
Distoma  hepaticum  or  Liver-fluke.  L.-spot,  chlo- 
asma ;  pityriasis  versicolor.  L. -sugar.  Synonym 
of  Glycogen.  L.  of  Sulphur.  See  Hepar  sulphuris. 
L.,  Syphilitic,  this  may  be  a  liver  the  seat  of  gum- 
mata,  which  on  healing  leave  scars,  or  of  a  diffuse  in- 
flammation that  may  lead  to  cirrhosis,  with  atrophy  or, 
especially  in  hereditary  syphilis,  to  enlargement  of 
the  liver.  L.,  Tight-lace,  a  liver  in  which  the  right 
lobe  is  thickened  vertically  from  compression,  marked 
by  the  ribs,  and  atrophic  from  constant  pressure  by 
tight  stays.  L.,  Wandering,  a  condition  occasionally 
"seen  in  women  who  have  given  birth  to  many  children, 
and  in  those  whose  abdominal  tissues  exhibit  unusual 
laxity.  The  liver  is  displaced  from  its  ordinary  situa- 
tion, and  falls  into  the  lower  portion  of  the  abdomen, 
where  it  swings  upon  its  elongated  attachments. 
L.,  Waxy.  See  L.,  Amyloid.  L.-wort.  See 
Hepatica. 

Livid  Uiv'-id)  \lividus ;  livere,  to  be  dark].  Discol- 
ored from  the  effects  of  congestion  or  contusion  ;  black 
and  blue;   pale  lead-color. 

Lividity  [liv-id' -it-e)  [lividus,  from  livere,  to  be  dark]. 
The  state  of  being  livid.  L.,  Cadaveric,  or  Post- 
mortem, the  bluish  discoloration  in  the  dependent 
parts  of  a  corpse,  due  to  the  gravitation  of  the  blood. 

Livor  (li'-vor)  \livor ;  livere,  to  be  dark].  Lividity. 
The  discoloration  consequent  upon  severe  contusion 
and  congestion  of  a  part ;  post-mortem  sugillation 
or  discoloration  of  the  skin.  L.  emortualis,  change 
in  the  color  of  the  skin  of  a  corpse  due  to  putrefaction. 
L.  febris,  the  lividity  occurring  during  a  chill. 

Lix  [liks)  [I..:  gen.,  Lids'].  Wood-ashes,  or  the  lye 
therefrom. 

Lixivia  [liks-iv* -e-ah)  [L.J.      Same  as  Lixivium. 

Lixivial  {liks-iv'-e-al)  [lixivia,  lye].  Relating  to 
lixiviation. 

Lixiviation  {liks-iv-e-a* -shtiri)  [lixivia,  lye] .     Thepro- 
3  of  leaching  ashes.      Also,  the  process  of  separat- 
ing by  solution  any  alkaline  salt  from  the  insoluble  im- 
purities with  win.  h  it  is  mixed. 

Lixivious  (//  !  vV?,  lye].      Lixivial,  q.  v. 

Lixivium  [lik   iv'  t  um)  [lixivia,  lye].    The  filtrate  ob- 
ned  by  leaching  ashes;  practically  a  solution  of  an 
impure  potassium  hydrate. 

Lizard-tail  [liz/-ard-tdl).     See  Saururus  cernuus. 

Loathing    {loth'-ing)    [ME.,    loth,    hateful].       Intense 
ust,  which  may  excite  nausea. 

Lobar  (In' -bur)   \_li>/<ns,  a   lobe].      Pertaining  to  a  lobe, 
han  to  a  lobule.      L.  Pneumonia.     See  Pneu- 


LOIiATE 


701 


I  I  ><  AI.IZATION 


Lobate,  or  Lobed  (lo'-bdt,  lobd)  [lobus,  lobe].  In  bi- 
ology, possessing  lobes,  or  of  the  form  of  a  lobe. 

Lobe  (Job}  [_'/<>  teg,  lobus,  a  lobe].  Any  one  of  the 
parts  or  divisions  into  which  an  organ  maybe  separ- 
ated by  fissures  and  constrictions  ;  as  the  lobes  of  the 
brain,  liver,  ear,  etc.  A  more  or  less  rounded  part  or 
projection  of  an  organ.  Lobes  of  Brain;  each  half 
of  the  convex  cerebral  surface  is  divided  by  fissures  into 
five  lobes,  the  frontal,  parii  I  il,  oc<  tpital,  temporo-sphe- 
noidal,  and  central,  or  island  of  Reil,  to  which  some 
writers  add  a  frontoparietal  lobe.  See  Brain  and 
Fissure.  Lobes  of  Liver.  See  Liver.  L.,  Margi- 
nal, the  first  frontal  convolution  running  along  the 
margin  of  the  longitudinal  fissure.  Lobes,  Optic, 
the  tubercula  quadrigemina,  L.,  Slender  (of  the  cere- 
bellum). The  fourth  of  the  five  lobes  on  the  under 
surface  of  either  hemisphere  of  the  cerebellum. 

Lobelacrin (lo-bel-ar -krin)  [fromM.de  Lobel,  a  French 
botanist].  An  acrid  principle  derivable  from  Lobelia 
inflata.     Unof. 

Lobelet   (lob' -let).      Same  as  Lobulet. 

Lobelia  (lo-be'-le-tili)  [from  M .  de  Lobel,  a  French 
botanist].  The  leaves  and  tops  of  L.  inflata,  an  ex- 
pectorant, antispasmodic,  and  emetic  ;  in  larger  doses 
a  motor  depressant  and  narcotic.  It  is  valuable  in 
asthma  and  dry  cough,  and  is  the  main  ingredient  of 
empiric  cures  for  pulmonary  tuberculosis.  It  makes  an 
excellent  enema  in  strangulated  hernia.  L.,  Acetum, 
10  per  cent,  of  the  drug.  Dose  rrLv-sjj.  L.,  Fid. 
Ext.  Dose  TnJ-x.  L.,  Infus.,  unof,  t)]  to  Oj. 
Dose  3J-5J-  L.,  Tinct.,  20  per  cent,  of  the  drug. 
Dose  n\v-xxx.  L.,  Tinct.,  .ffitherealis  (B.  P.) 
Dose  m^x-xxx.  The  genus  Lobelia  contains  many 
species,  most  of  them  having  little-understood  medi- 
cinal qualities. 

Lobelin  (lo-be'-lin)  [from  M.  de  Lobel,  a  French  bota- 
nist]. I.  A  precipitate  from  the  tincture  of  Lobelia 
inflata  ;  an  emetic,  nervine,  anti-spasmodic,  resolvent 
and  relaxant.  Dose,  as  an  emetic  I  to  3  grains  in  warm 
water,  repeated,  if  necessary,  in  ten  minutes,  until  an 
effect  is  produced.  As  a  diaphoretic  and  expectorant 
from  %  to  )A  grain.  Unof.  2.  An  oily  liquid  alka- 
loid, from  the  plant  Lobelia  inflata  ;  actively  poisonous. 
Unof. 

Lobopneumonia  (lo-bo-nu-mo'-ne-aK).  See  Pneumo- 
nia, Croupous. 

Lobstein's  Cancer.  Retroperitoneal  sarcoma.  It  often 
attains  a  considerable  size.     See  Diseases,  Table  of. 

Lobular  (lob'-u-lar)  globulus,  a  little  lobe].  Like  a 
lobule.  Pertaining  to  any  lobule.  L.  Pneumonia. 
See  Pneumonia ,  Catarrhal . 

Lobulate,  Lobulated  (lobf-u-l6t,lobf-u-Za-ted)  \lobu- 
latus,  from  lobulus,  a  little  lobe].  Consisting  of  small 
lobes  or  lobules. 

Lobulation  (lob-u-la' '-shun)  globulus,  small  lobe].  Divi- 
sion into  lobules.  L.,  Congenital,  preservation  in 
adult  life  of  the  fetal  lobulation  of  an  organ. 

Lobule  (lob' -ill)  \_lobus,  a  lobe].  See  Lobulus.  L., 
Oval,  the  paracentral  lobule.  L.,  Paracentral,  the 
superior  connecting  convolution  of  the  ascending 
frontal  and  ascending  parietal  gyri.  L.,  Pneumo- 
gastric,  the  flocculus  of  the  cerebellum. 

Lobulet  (lob'-u-le!)  [dim.  of  lobulus,  a  lobule].  A 
minor  lobule,  especially  of  the  lung  ;  a  group,  or  series 
of  groups,  of  five  or  six  air-sacs  connected  with  the 
dilated  end  of  a  bronchiole. 

Lobulization  (lob-u-liz-a'-shun).     See  Lobulation. 

Lobulus  (lob'-u-li/s)  [dim.  of  lobus,  a  lobe  :  pi. ,  Lobult], 
A  small  lobe  or  division  of  an  organ.  L.  caudatus, 
the  tailed  lobe,  or  elevation  of  the  liver  that  separates 
the  right  extremity  of  the  transverse  fissure  from  the 
commencement  of  the  fissure  for  the  inferor  vena  cava. 


L.  centralis,  the  superior  vermiform  process;  the 
island  of  Reil.  L.  corporis  striati,  the  island  of 
Reil  ;  the  lenticular  nucleus.  L.  of  Ear,  the  soft 
mass  at  the  lower  part  of  the  pinna  of  the  car.  L. 
fissurae  sylvii.the  island  of  Reil.  L.  hepatis  an- 
onymus.  Sec  Liver,  Quadrate  Lobe  of  L.  para- 
central, the   mesial   aspect  of  the   upper   portion  of 

the    as in  .    parietal    convolutions,  in  front  of  the 

up  curved  end  of  the  colloso- marginal  fissure.  L. 
quadratus,  the  square  lobe  upon  the  inferior  -in 
face  of  the  right  lobe  of  the  liver.  L.  spigelii,  the 
lobule  projecting  from  the  posterior  portion  of  the 
inferior  surface  of  the  liver.  L.  tuberis,  the  nodule 
of  the  cerebellum  ;  the  supra-marginal  gyrus.  L. 
vagi,  the  flocculus  of  the  cerebellum. 

Lobus  (lo'-bus)  [I..,  a  lobe].  A  lobe.  Any  well-de- 
fined, rounded  part  of  an  organ.  L.  caudatus.  See 
Lobulus.  L.  opertus,  the  insula  of  the  brain.  L. 
quadratus.     See  Lobulus. 

Local  (lof-kl)  \localis ;  loeus,  place].  Not  general. 
Affecting  a  part  or  place. 

Localization  (Jo  kal-iz-a* '-shun)  \_loeus,  a  place].  The 
designation  of  the  seat  of  any  pain,  irritation,  injury,  or 


Diagram  of  the  Motor  Areas  on  the  Outer  Surface  of 
a  Monkey's  Brain.     {Horsley  and  Schafer.) 


Diagram  of  the  Motor  Areas  on  the  Marginal  Convo- 
lution of  a  Monkey's  Brain.    (Horsley  and  SchSfer.) 

disease,  or  the  process  by  which  a  general  condition 
manifests  itself  in  a  particular  place.  The  faculty 
of  locating  sensory  impressions.  L.,  Cerebral, 
the  determination  of  the  anatomic  position  of  the  cen- 
ters in  the  brain  that  preside  over  certain  physiologic 
acts  ;  or  of  the  seat  of  pathologic  conditions  interfer- 
ing with  the  proper  function  of  these  centers.  See 
illustrations  annexed.  L.,  Spinal-cord  ;  Cowers' 
table,  showing  the  approximate  relations  to  the  spinal 
nerves  of  the  various  functions  of  the  cord,  is  given 
herewith. 


L0CHI0CEL1ITIS 


IC 


muse. 


I 


i 


/ 


ulder 

hi  m 

Hand 

•west). 


Intercostal 

muscles. 


] 


•I  L 


Abdominal 
muscles. 


\ors,  hip. 

Kxtensors,  knee 
iductors 

Abductors 


2 


hip. 


Extensors  (?)  . 

icors,  km ■■ 

Muscles  of  leg  mov- 
ing foot. 

neal  and  anal 
muscles. 


SENSORY. 


1    Neck  and  scalp. 

NV.  k  and  shoulder. 


Shoulder. 

Arm. 
Hand 


Front  of  thorax 
>  Ensiform  area. 


Abdomen 
(Umbilicus,  ioth). 


1  Buttocks, 
J      upper  part. 

Groin  and  scrotum 
(front). 

outer  side. 
Thigh  .    front. 

inner  side. 

Leg,  inner  side. 
r  Buttocks,  lower 
part. 

|    Back  of  thigh. 

anof  I  except  in" 
[foot]    "erP;m- 

Perineum  and  anus. 


!    Skin 


from  coccyx  to 
anus. 


REFLEX. 


Scapular. 


Epigastric. 


-  Abdominal. 


-  Cremasteric. 
\  Knee-joint. 

Gluteal. 

Foot-clonus. 
Plantar. 


m-  Spinal  Nerves  of  the  Various  Motor,  Sensory 
/(".  R.  Cowers,  from  anatomic  and  pathologic  data.) 


Lo<  d  to 


Lo 

; 

Lo 


serosa,  the  serous  discharge  taking  place  about  the 
fifth  day. 
Lochia   (lo'-ke-ak)    [toxeia,  childbirth].     Childbirth; 

ement.     ( Rare.) 
Lochial  ')    [>o x>".  >'M'".:.  lying-in].      Pertain- 

ing  to  the  lochia. 
Lochiation    [lo-ke-a' -shun)     ['/oyin,    '/o\or,   lying-in]. 

Aveling's  term  fur  the  excretion  of  the  lochia. 
Lochioceliitis    [lo-ke-o-st  le-if-tis)    [><<|""'.    puerperal; 
L.  men  ;   trig,  inflammation].     Puerperal  ab 

L.  minal  inflammation. 


LOCHIO*  l  >LICA 


703 


LODICULA 


Lochiocolica  [lo-ke-o-kol'-ik-ah)  [/n\nn,  puerperal; 
KuXacdg,  pertaining  to  the  colonT  Pain  in  the  ab- 
dominal region  dependent  upon,  or  associated  with, 
some  lochia!  irregularity. 

Lochiodochium  [lo-ke-o-dof-ke-uni\.  See  Lochodochium. 

Lochiometra  i  me/-trah)   [AO%ia,  lochia;   ui 

uterus].     A  collection  of  lochia  in  the  uterus. 

Lochiopyra  Uo- ke-op' -ir- ah)  [au^ioc,  relating  to  child- 
bed; rrvp,  fire,  fever].  Puerperal  fever.  Same  as  Z<?- 
chopyra. 

Lochiorrhagia     [lo-ke-or-af-j\  ['/n\Kt,      lochia; 

i",;ri  i  in,  to   burst   forth].     An  excessive   flow  of  the 
lochia. 

Lochiorrhea  {lo-ke-or-e' '-ah)  ['/ii\m,  lochia ;  poia,  a 
flow].      An  abnormal  How  of  the  lochia. 

Lochiorrhoic  {lo-ke  or-o/-ik)\7i6xvai  lochia;  poia,  How]. 
Pertaining  to  lochiorrhea. 

Lochioschesis  [lo-ke-os' -kes-is)  ['/n\ia,  lochia;  ax^aie, 
retention].      Suppression  or  retention  of  the  lochia. 

Lochioschetic  [lo-ke-os-ket'-ik)  \7iAxta,  lochia;  cxiac, 
retention].      Pertaining  to  lochioschesis. 

Lochocacocolpia  (lo- ko-  kak-o- kol'-pe-ali)  [auxoc, 
childbed;  ncucSg,  evil;  m>'/-oc,  vagina].  Vaginal  or 
vulval  gangrene  after  childbirth. 

Lochoceliitis  (lo-ko-se-le-i'-tis).     See  Lochioceliitis. 

Lochodochium  (lo-ko-do'-ke-um)  [?.6xoc,  childbirth  ; 
(J^eoftw,  to  receive].  A  lying-in  hospital;  a  mater- 
nity. 

Lochomeleagra  (lo-ko-mel-e-a'-grah)  ['/6x<>c,  child- 
birth ;  fuAor,  limb;  aypa,  seizure].  An  attack  of  pain 
in  the  limbs  of  parturient  women. 

Lochometritis  {lo-ko-me-tri'-tis)  [X6xo$,  childbirth ; 
p'irpa,  womb;  irtq,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of 
the  womb  consequent  upon  delivery  ;  puerperal  metri- 
tis. 

Lochometrophlebitis  (lo-ko-me-tro-fle-bi' -Hs)  [/lo^or, 
childbirth;  pi/rpa,  womb;  (pAtip,  vein;  mc,  inflamma- 
tion]. Phlebitis  of  the  uterine  veins  in  puerperal 
women. 

Locho-oophoritis  (lo-ko-o-off-or-i'-tis)  [Aoxoq,  child- 
bed;  L)6v,  egg;  <j>opor,  bearing;  trie,  inflammation]. 
Puerperal  inflammation  of  an  ovary. 

Lochoperitonitis  {lo-ko-per-it-on-i'-Hs)  [/o,Y°C.  child- 
bed; irepir6vai.ov,  peritoneum;  inq,  inflammation]. 
Inflammation  of  the  peritoneum  following  childbirth. 

Lochopyra  (lo-kop'-ir-ah)  [^o^oc,  childbed ;  nip,  fire, 
fever].      Puerperal  fever. 

Lochos  (lo'-kos)  [Xdxog,  childbirth].  A  pregnant 
woman;  childbed.      (Obs.) 

Lochotyphus  (lo-ko-W  -fus)  [/oxoc,  childbed ;  rxxpoq, 
stupor] .      Puerperal  fever  of  a  typhoid  type. 

Lock  (lok)  [ME.,  lok,  lock].  I.  Anything  that  fas- 
tens something  else.  2.  To  fasten  by  means  of  a 
lock  ;  to  fasten  so  as  to  impede  motion.  L. -finger, 
a  peculiar  and  very  uncommon  affection  of  the  fingers 
in  which  they  suddenly  become  fixed  in  a  flexed 
position.  The  locking  is  due  to  the  presence  of  a 
small  fibrous  growth  in  the  sheath  of  the  extensor  ten- 
don. L. -hospital,  an  English  hospital  for  the  treat- 
ment of  venereal  diseases;  it  was  originally  kept  with 
locked  doors,  whence  the  name.  L.-jaw,  tetanus  ; 
trismus.  L. -spasm,  Weir  Mitchell's  term  for  a  severe 
form  of  writer's  cramp,  the  hand  becoming  spasmodic- 
ally firmly  contracted,  the  spasm  being  followed  by 
complete  relaxation. 

Locked  [lokt )  [ME.,  lok,  a  lock].  Fastened  by  means 
of  a  lock  ;  immovable.  L.  Heads.  See  Head-lock- 
ing. L.Jaw.  See  Trismus.  L.  Joint,  Pajet's  term 
for  a  condition  similar  to  that  described  as  lock-tinger, 
but  usually  involving  a  knee-joint. 

Loco  or  L.  Plant  or  L.  Weed  (lo'-ko)  [Sp.  for 
"  crazy"].      A  name  given  in  parts   of  the  U.  S.  to 


various  species  of  Astragalu  .  Hosackia,  Oxytropis,  and 
Sophora,  poisonous  plants  that  are  believed  to  cause 
loco  disease  in  cattle  and  horses.  L. -disease,  a 
local  epizodtii    disease  of  cattle  and  horses,  believed 

to  be  liable-  to  follow  the  eating  of  any  one  of  the 
plants  called  loco. 

Locoed  [lo'-kod)  [Sp. ,  loco,  crazy].  Suffering  from 
Lot  o  tit  <*  ase,  </.  v. 

Locomobile  [lo-ko-truZ-bil)  [locus,  place;  mobilis, 
movable].  Having  the  power  to  change  place,  or  to 
no  n  e  in  mi  a  place. 

Locomobility  {lo-ko-mo-bil'-it-e)  [locus,  place  ;  mobilis, 
movable].     The  quality  of  being  locomobile. 

Locomotility  (lo-ktf- mo-til' '  -il-e)  [locus,  place  ;  motilitas, 
motility].  The  quality  or  power  of  moving  from 
place  to  place. 

Locomotion  (lo-ko-ino'-shuii)  [locus,  place;   m 

move].  Animal  movement.  L.  of  an  Artery,  the 
straightening  out  of  a  curved  artery  under  the  impulse 
of  the  pulse- wave. 

Locomotive  (lo-ko-mo'-tiv)  [locus,  a  place  ;   movere,  to 
move].      Moving  from  place  to  place  ;   able  to  change 
its  place  ;  pertaining  to  locomotion.      L.  Pulse. 
Corrigan's  Pulse. 

Locomotivity  (Jo-ko-mo-tiv'-it-e)  [locus,  place ;  mo- 
vere, to  move].  The  power  to  move  from  one  place 
to  another. 

Locomotor  (lo-ko-mo'-tor)  [locus,  a  place ;  motor,  a 
mover].  I.  Pertaining  to  locomotion.  2.  That  which 
moves  from  place  to  place.  L.  Ataxia,  or  L.  Ataxy. 
See  Ataxy  and  Tabes. 

Locomotorium  (lo-ko-mo-to' '-re-um)  [locus,  a  place  ; 
motor,  mover:  //.,  Locomotoria~\.  In  biology,  the 
motive  apparatus  of  an  organism  ;  the  bones,  muscles, 
and  tendons. 

Locomotory  (lo-ko-mo'-tor-e)  [locus,  place  ;  movere,  to 
move].      Pertaining  to  locomotion. 

Loculament  (lok'  -u-lam-ent)  [loculamentum,  a  case, 
box,  cell].     Same  as  Loculus. 

Loculamentum  {lok-u-lam-en' '-turn)  .  Same  as  Locu- 
lus. 

Locular,  Loculate  (lok' ' -u-lar,  lok'-u-ldt)  [loculus,  a 
cell].  In  biology,  possessing  one  or  more  cell-like 
subdivisions  ;  divided  into  or  having  loculi. 

Locule  (lokf-ul).     See  Loculus. 

Loculicidal  (lok-u-lis-i'-dal)  [loculus,  a  cell  ;  cicdere, 
to  cut].  In  biology,  applied  to  seed-capsules  that 
split  open  along  the  dorsal  suture. 

Loculus  (lok'-u-lus)  [dim.  of  locus,  a  place:  //. , 
Loculi~\.  In  biology,  a  small  space  or  cavity  ;  a 
small  compartment  or  cell,  as  the  seed-chamber  of 
a  fruit. 

Locus  (lo'-kus)  [L.  :  //.,  Loci\  An  indefinite  term 
in  anatomy,  meaning  a  place  or  position.  L.  cine- 
reus,  L.  cceruleus,  L.  ferrugineus,  a  bluish-tinted 
eminence  on  the  fasciculi  teretes  of  the  fourth  ventricle 
of  the  brain.  L.  luteus,  the  regio  olfactoria  of  the 
nose;  so  called  from  the  yellowish  color  of  the  epithe- 
lium. L.  minoris  resistentiae,  a  spot  of  diminished 
resistance — a  term  given  to  a  locality,  varying  in  dif- 
ferent individuals,  and  often  accidentally  developed, 
whose  resistance  to  the  invasion  of  disease  is  less  than 
that  of  other  parts.  L.  niger,  a  dark  area  in  the  center 
of  a  section  of  the  crus  cerebri.  See  Lntercalatum. 
L.  perforatus,  a  name  given  to  the  anterior  and  the 
posterior  perforated  space  at  the  base  of  the  brain 
through  which  many  vessels  pass.  L.  praedilectiorus, 
the  point  of  election.  L.  ruber,  the  red  nucleus  of 
the  tegmentum. 

Locust-tree.  See  Hymencea  courbaril. 
Lodicle  (lod'-ik-l ).  Same  as  Lodicule. 
Lodicula  (lodik'-u-lali).      Same  as  Lodicule. 


the 


. 


ch- 
ible  nut 

. 
no  Mixture, a  mixturi 

bouillon 

i  ir  and   .,  parts  of 

mi       L.  s  Method, 

rganisms. 

.imeter.     In  ,   the  internal  as 

:       finger  in 
■   the  sub-pubic  ligament 
iatic 
--  than  the  transverse  diam- 
■  -iii  "l"  the  pelvis. 
Lcem.»  •"'■ 

Lcem 
Lccmocraph;.  plague;   yptyeiv, 

LirmotJ 
Lcemoloi:;. 

•.ophthalmia  .  plague ; 

j  ious  ophthalmia. 
Oak-red.      -  L.'s  Reagent  or 

m   "f  sugar  in   the 
It  if  subnitrate  of  bismuth,  glycerin, 

L.'s    Ring,  a 

retina  which,  in 

.  by  a  bright  area,  two 

<  krk-Maxwell's 

i   a  solution  of 

.:,  purplish  spot 

venberg.  Canal  of. 

Logadectorr. .  whites  of  the 

;   piece  of   the 


rhites   of  the 
:   thi    eyes ; 

•■.I 

.    flow]. 

iwn    the 

thin  bor- 

'  the 

dowel 


-rhea 


■ 
I 


LONG 

Logographic  mf-ik)  {Uyoq,  word;  ippdipav,  to 

Pertaining    to    written    words.     L .  Alalia, 

that  in  which  the  thoughts   cannot  be  expressed    in 

writi 

Logomania    {log-o-ma' -ne-ah)    [Myog,    word;    ftavia, 
i .  Insanity  characterized  by  talkativeness. 
Aphasia. 

Logomonomania  {log  o-mo-no-ma' '-ne-ah)  \16yog, 
w,„,l  ;  a,    mania].      Monomania 

marked  by  loquacity. 

Logoneurosis  [log-o-nu-ro' 'sis)  [>",'".  word;  vevpov, 
nerve  ;   v6aog,  di  ,  uroses],     I.   Any 

neurosis  marked  bya  speech-defect.     2.  Any  neurosis 
attended  with  impairment  of  the  mental  powers. 

Logopathy  [log  op'-ath  e)[Myog,  word  ;  rradog, disease]. 
Any  disease  affecting  the  speech;  dyslogia. 

Logo'plegia  'ef'-je-ak)    \Myog,    word;    tv'/j/-./,, 

stroke].      An  aphasic    symptom,  consisting  in  the  im- 
isibility  of  uttering   a  word,  though  the  memory  of 
it-  sound  is  clear.. 

Logoplegic  {log-o-plef-jik)  \Myog,  word;  n?  //;/,, 
stroke] .      Relating  to,  or  characterized  by,  logoplegia. 

Logorrhea    1  '-ah)    [Myog,  word;  poia,  a  flow]. 

1.  Abnormal  rapidity  of  speech  ;  a  symptom  of  cerebral 
irritation.     2.  Same  as  Logodiarrhea. 

Logwood  {log' -wood').     See  Hematoxylon.     L. -black. 
Pigments,  Co  in  pat  us  of. 

Lohoch  (lo'-hok).      Same  as  Loch. 

Loimia  {loi'-me-ah)  ['/.ot/iuc,  plague].      A  pestilence  or 
rue. 

Loimic  {loi'-mik)  \h)i[UK6g ;  >.o///oc,  plague].  Pertain- 
ing to  the  plague  or  to  any  pestilence. 

Loimology  {loi-mol' -o-je)  ['/.oiuag,  plague;  2.6yog,  a 
treatise].  The  science  of  contagious  epidemic  dis- 
eases. 

Loimopyra  {loi-mop/ -ir-ah)  [?ioi/i6g,  plague  ;  7ri>p,  fire]. 
Pestilential  fever. 

Loin  {loin)  [ME.,  loine,  loin].  Either  of  the  lumbi, 
or  lower  part  of  the  back  in  the  region  of  the  hips. 

Loliin  [lo'-lc-in)  \lolium,  darnel].  A  volatile,  poison- 
ous alkaloid  contained  in  the  seeds  of  Lolittm  temii- 
lentum. 

Lolium  (lo'-lc-um)  [L.,  darnel].  A  genus  of  grasses, 
one  of  which,  L.  temulentum,  poisonous  darnel,  is 
remarkable  as  one  of  the  few  grasses  that  appear  to 
have  poisonous  qualities.  Its  seeds  in  particular 
are  said  to  have  narcotic  qualities.  By  some  writers 
this  poisonous  effect  has  been  denied,  and  by  others 
it  has  been  referred  to  the  presence  of  ergot;  late 
researches  seem  to  confirm  the  popular  belief.     Unof. 

Loma  (lo'-iiiah)  [/(~>ua,  hem,  fringe:  //.,  Lomata\.  In 
biology,  a  flap  or  fringe  along  the  toe  of  a  bird. 

Lomastome  {lor -mas-tom)   [Xu/ia,  hem,  fringe  ;  <rr6fia, 
uth].      In  biology,  applied  to  such  shells  as  have  a 
reflected  peristome. 

Lomatine  (lo'  -mal-iii)  [>m//<;,  hem,  fringe].  In  bio- 
logy, margined  or  fringed. 

Lombardian  Leprosy.     See  Pellagra. 

Loment  {l</-ment )  [lomentum,  a  mixture  of  bean-meal 
1    rice].       In   biology,    a    legume    that   when    ripe 
breaks  transversely  into  joints. 

Lomentum  {lo-men'  -turn).      Same  as  Loment. 

Lomilomi  [lo1 '-me-lo* -me)  [Hawaiian].  A  kind  of 
shampoo  or  massage,  practised  by  the  Polynesians. 

London  Paste.  A  caustic  paste  containing  equal  parts 
of  caustic  soda  and  unslaked  lime.  It  must  be  mixed 
with  water  before  using.  L.  White.  Same  as 
While  I 

Long  [Ml.  long,  long].  Having  gnat  length.  L.- 
sight.  Synonym  of  Presbyopia  and  Hyperopia.  L.- 
sightedness.    See  Hyperopia.     L.  Thread-worms. 

"IS. 


LONGEV]  I  Y 


705 


I.DMJPHAN 


Longevity  {lon-jev' '-it-e)  [longa,  long  ;  vita,  life].  Long 
life. 

Longi-  {lon'-je-)  [longus,  long].  A  prefix  signifying 
length  or  extent. 

Longicaudate  (lon-je-kaw'-dai)  [longus,  long  ;  Cauda, 
a  tail].      In  biology,  having  a  long  tail. 

Longiductor  [lon-je-duk' -tor)  [longus,  long;  ductor, 
leader].  The  adductor  longus  muscle.  See  Muscles, 
Table  of. 

Longimanus  (lon-je-ma'-nus)  [longus,  long;  manus, 
hand].      Long  handed. 

Longing  [lawng,-ing]  [ME.,  longen,  to  desire 
earnestly].  The  earnest  desire  for  anything ;  it  is  a 
condition  often  present  in  the  female  during  pregnancy. 

Longipedate  [lon-je-pe' -ddt)  [longus,  long  ;  pes,  foot]. 
Long-footed. 

Longiperoneus  {lon-je-per-o-ne'  -us)  [longus,  long ; 
TTE/jun/,  fibula].  The  peroneus  longus  muscle.  See 
Muscles,  Table  of. 

Longipes  {lon'-je-pls).     See  Longipedate. 

Longisect  {lon-je-sekl')  [longus,  long  ;  secare,  to  cut]. 
To  make  a  longisection,  q.v. 

Longisection  {lon-je-sek'-shun)  [longus,  long ;  sectio, 
cutting].  Longitudinal  section  ;  especially  used  of 
the  body  from  extremity  to  extremity.  The  division 
of  a  body  into  sections  parallel  with  its  long  axis. 
See  Position  and  Direction,  Table  of. 

Longissimus  {lon-jis'-im-us)  [super,  of  longus,  long]. 
Longest.  L.  capitis,  L.  cervicis,  the  trachelomas- 
toid  muscles.  See  Muscles,  Table  of.  L.  dorsi.  See 
Muscles,  Table  of. 

Longitude  {Ion'  -jit-ud)  [longitudo,  length].  Angular 
distance  from  any  standard  meridian  perpendicular  to 
the  plane  of  the  axis. 

Longitudinal  {lon-jit-u'-din-ai )  [longitudinalis,  per- 
taining to  length].  In  anatomy,  lengthwise,  or  in  a 
direction  the  opposite  of  transverse.  L.  Fissure,  of 
the  cerebrum.  See  Fissures,  Table  of.  L.  Sinus, 
the  triangular  subcranial  venous  channel  extending 
from  the  crista  galli  to  the  tentorium. 

Longus  {laicng'-gus)  [L.,  long].  Long.  L.  colli.  See 
Muscles,  Table  of  L.  capitis,  the  rectus  capitis 
anticus  major  muscle.  See  Muscles,  Table  of  L. 
dorsi.  The  longissimus  dorsi  muscle.  See  Muscles, 
Table  of.  L.  lumborum,  an  inconstant  muscle 
attached  to  the  bodies  of  the  two  upper  lumbar  ver- 
tebra; and  the  three  lower  dorsal  vertebrae. 

Lonsdale's  Apparatus.  An  apparatus  for  treating  frac- 
ture of  the  patella,  consisting  of  movable  arms  sus- 
pended from  two  upright  rods  that  are  attached  to  a 
long  posterior  splint.  To  these  arms  are  fastened 
padded  plates  that  hold  the  fragments  together. 

Looch  {lo-ok')  [Fr.].     Same  as  Loch. 

Loodianah  Disease.     See  Anthrax. 

Loofah  {loo'-fah).     See  Luff  a. 

Look-at-his-face  Disease.  Carate ;  a  form  of  syph- 
ilitic skin-disease  in  Spain,  characterized  by  blotches 
upon  the  face. 

Loong.     See  Lung. 

Loop  [ME.,  lope,  a  loop].  A  folding  of  a  cord,  fiber, 
tube,  or  cord-like  structure,  upon  itself.  L.  of  Henle. 
See  Tubuli  uriniferi.     L.f  Obstetric,  the  fillet. 

Looped  (loopf)  [ME.,  lope,  loop].  Doubled  upon 
itself;  containing  loops.  L.  Tubes  of  Henle.  See 
Tubuli  uriniferi. 

Loose  (Ifis)  [ME.,  loos,  loose].  Lax;  wanting  power 
of  restraint ;  as  loose  bowels.  L.  Ligature.  See 
Ligature. 

Looseness  {loos' '-nes)  [ME.,  loos,  loose].  Popular 
name  for  diarrhea.  L.  of  the  Teeth,  Odontoseisis  : 
Odontosismus  ;  this  results  from  disease  of  the  gums 
and  the  gradual  destruction  of  the  alveolar  processes. 

45 


Loosestrife  {loos' -strif).      See  LA'simachia. 

Lophadia  (lo-fad'-e-ah).      See  Lophia. 

Lophanthus  {In- fan' -thus)  ['/■■  .flower"1. 

A  genus  of  labiate  plants,  popularly  called  hyssops,  or 
hedge-hyssops.  L.  anisatus,  L.  nepetoides,  and 
L.  urticaefolius  of  North  America  have  the  general 
properties  of  the  mint-family.      Unof. 

Lophia  {lo'-f-ah)  ['/Hour,  the  back  of  the  neck].  The 
upper  part  of  the  back  near  the  first  dorsal  vertebra. 

Lophin  {lo'-fin)  [/»>«;,  a  tuft],  ( .'._,,  1 1,.N .,.  Triphenyl 
glyoxalin  ;  a  substance  produced  by  distilling  amarin. 
It  is  not  readily  soluble  in  alcohol,  crystallizes  in  long 
in  idles,  and  melts  at  2750  C. 

Lophiodontous  {lo-fe-o-don'-tus)  ['/ooor,  crest;  bdavg, 
tooth].      Having  crested  molar  teeth. 

Lophodont  {lo' -fo-dont )  [/000c,  a  crest  ;  bdovg,  tooth]. 
In  biology,  applied  to  that  dentition  in  which  the 
1  rowns  of  the  molar  teeth  possess  ridges  or  crests,  as 
distinguished  from  bunodont.      See  Lophiodontous. 

Lophophore  (lc'-fo-for)  [/o^oc,  a  crest;  tyopog,  bear- 
ing]. In  biology,  the  frame  or  stage  surrounding  the 
mouth  of  a  polyzoan  and  giving  support  to  the  ten- 
tacles. 

Lophosteon  (lo-fos'-te-ou)  [?6(pog,  a  crest;  bartm  . 
bone:  //. ,  Lophostea~\.  In  biology,  the  median  one 
of  the  five  bones  that  make  up  the  sternum  of  a  carin- 
ate  bird. 

Loquacity  {lo-ktvas'-il-e)  [loquacitas  ;  loquax,  talka- 
tive]. Volubility  of  speech;  talkativeness;  a  con- 
dition that  is  frequently  excessive  in  various  forms  of 
mental  disorder. 

Lorate  [lo'-rat)  [lorum,  a  thong,  or  lash].  In  biology, 
shaped  like  a  long  strap. 

Lordoma  {lor-do'-mah  )  [Ao/wJoi  v,  to  bend  inward].  The 
anterior  or  forward  incurvation  of  the  spine. 

Lordoscoliosis  {lor-do-sko-le-o' -sis)  ['/  opdfoatg ,  7iOp66eiv, 
to  bend  ;  cnui/auaiq,  crookedness].  Lordosis  with  sco- 
liosis. 

Lordosis  {lor-do' -sis)  [Mpdaaig,  '/opdoeiv,  to  bend].  A 
curvature  of  the  spine  with  a  forward  convexity.  L., 
Paralytic,  lordosis  due  to  paralysis  of  either  the  spinal 
or  the  abdominal  muscles.  L.  valgorum,  genu 
valgum,  q.  v. 

Lordotic  {lor-dot'-ik),  Lordosic  {lor-dos'-ik),  Lor- 
dous  {lor'-dus)  ['/opduaig,  Aopdoe/v,  to  bend].  Bent 
with  the  convexity  turned  ventrad ;  applied  to  the 
spinal  column. 

Lore  {for)  [lorum,  a  thong,  lash,  strap].  In  biology, 
the  space  between  the  eye  and  the  bill  or  nostrils  in 
birds  and  reptiles. 

Loreta's  Operation.  1.  The  forcible  dilatation  of  the 
pylorus  for  the  relief  of  stricture  after  celiogastrotomy. 
2.  The  treatment  of  aneurysm  by  the  introduction  of 
metal  wire  into  the  sac,  through  which  a  current  of 
electricity  is  then  passed.      See  Operations,  Table  of. 

Lorica  (lor-ri'-£ah)[L. ,  a  corselet,  cuirass  :  pi. ,  Lorica:\ 
In  biology,  a  protective  sheath  or  carapace. 

Loricate  {lor' -ik-at)  [lorica,  a  coat  of  mail].  In  bi- 
ology, covered  with  a  protective  coat. 

Lorication  [lor-ik-a* '-skun)  [lorica,  a  leather  cuirass]. 
The  protection  of  a  glass  vessel  against  heat  by  a  coat- 
ing of  sand  and  clay. 

Loriculate  (lor-ih'-u-ldt)  [loricula,  a  small  breastplate]. 
Consisting  of  long  divisions. 

Lorum  {lo'-rum)  [L.,  thong,  whip,  strap:  pi.,  Lora~\. 
Same  as  Lore. 

Lourd,  Lourderie  {loord,  loor'-der-e).     See  Gid. 

Losi-piercing  {lo'  -se-per'  -sing).     See  Thoka-losi. 

Losophan  {lo'-so-fan).  Tri-iodo-cresol,  an  agent  said 
to  be  strongly  parasinoidal,  and  useful  in  parasitic 
dermatoses,  whether  due  to  fungous  or  animal  para- 
sites. 


I  I  * 


1  I  BRICATING 


Lostorfcrs    Q^r; 


uiric 


.  plumbi 

sub- 

Mouth. 
j 

ilph. 
3 

.   to 

L.    carnis,    L. 
is    liquid    - 1  ■  1 1 1 c 

Louis's  An.  L.'s  Angle. 

spring]. 

I  them   to 

It  i-  due  to  the 

P" 

litnal),  Tabid 


L»ou 
Lou 
Lo- 


.    with 


stimulant, 

Dose 

i      I  ■  !•  gard  with 
L. -potion. 


into  the 
I  backed 

nlarged  root- 

bona ;  the  bark 

Lox 

of    a 

II    in   which    the 

i  the 
the 


"]•      '  wry; 


head].      Lissauer's    term   for  a  skull    in 
the    angle    formed    by  the   intersection  of  the 
Lius  fixus   and    a  line    connecting  the  bregma  and 
the  lambda  is  between  170  and  2S.50. 

Loxocyesis  {loks-o-si-e'-sis)  [  ■■■:••• •,  awry;  tcvvatg,  preg- 
nancy].     Oblique  displacement  of  the  gravid  uterus. 

Loxodont    [loks'  .    Loxodontous    {lokS-o-don'- 

.    aslant;     bdovg,    tooth].      Having   teeth 
ced  at  abnormal  angles  with  the  jaw. 

Loxolophodont  dont)    [>";ur,    slanting; 

.  crest;  tooth].      In  biology,  a  form  of 

dentition  in  which  oblique  crests  connect  the  anterior 
internal  tubercle  of  the  upper  molars  with  two  ex- 
ternal tubercles;  tlii-  is  characteristic  of  a  gigantic 
I  fogulate. 

Loxometopus  [loks-o-met-(/-pus)  [>o^"of,  oblique  ;  fikru- 

.  the  space  between  the   eyes].     Lissauer's  term 

a  skull  in  which  the  angle  formed  by  the  intersection 

ol  the  radius  fixus  and    a  line  drawn  from  the  bregma 

to  the  nasal  point  is  between  430  and  470 

Loxophthalmos  (loks-ojf-thal'-mos).  Synonym  of 
Strabismus,  </.  v. 

Loxopisthius   {loks-o-pis* -the-us)  \7,6$oc, .  oblique  ;  oma- 

,    hinder].      Lissauer's   term  for  a  skull  in  which 

the  angle    formed    by  the  intersection  of   the    radius 

fixus  and  a  line  drawn  through  the  lambda    and  the 

inion  is  between  950  and  104°. 

Loxopisthocranius     {loks-o-pis-tho-kra'-ne-ns)    [/ 
oblique  v,  behind;  upav'wv,  skull].     Lissauer's 

term  tor  a  skull  in  which  the  angle  formed  between 
the  radius  fixus  and  a  line  drawn  through  the  lambda 
and  the  opisthion  is  between  119°  and  1300. 

Loxoprosopus  { loks-o-pros'  -o-pus)  [Ao!;6g,  oblique  ;  npd- 

au-ov,  face].      Lissauer's  term  for  a  skull   in   which 

angle    formed    by  the    intersection  of  the  radius 

fixus  and  a    line  drawn  from  the  nasion  to  the  alveolar 

point  is  between  78.50  and  89. 50. 

Loxoptery gin  [loks-o-ter/ -ij-in)  ['/.oi;6<;,  oblique;  77-repuf, 
a  wing],  (.,11  ,\  ,<  >.,.  A  white  amorphous  alkaloid  ob- 
tained from  the  bark  of  Loxopterygium  lorentzii. 

Loxopterygium  [loks-o-ter-if '-e-um)  \7uo%6q,  oblique; 
Krepv!;,  wing].  A  genus  of  anacardiaceous  trees.  L. 
lorentzii,  L.  sagotii,  red  quebracho,  the  bark  of 
which  is  used  as  a  substitute  for  cinchona.    Unof. 

Loxorrhinus  {loks-or-i' '-nus)  {_'/"i»c,  oblique;  piq,  nose]. 
Lissauer's  term  for  a  skull  in  which  the  angle  formed 
between  the  radius  fixus  and  a  line  drawn  from  the  na- 
sion to  the  subnasal  point  is  between  77. 50  and  87. 50. 

Loxotic  {loks-of '-ik).     See  Loxic. 

Loxotmesis  {loks-ol-me'-sis).      See  Loxotomy. 

Loxotomy  me)  [/«5'i<,  oblique;   ropr/,  a  cut- 

ting]. That  form  of  amputation  commonly  known  as 
the  "  oblique  section." 

Loy's  Disease.     Horse-pox.      See  Diseases,   Table  of. 

Lozenge  (loz'-enj)  [ME.,  losange,  lozenge].  A  medi- 
cated tablet  with  sugar  as  a  basis.     See  Trochiscus. 

Lubido  (Ju-bid'-o).     See  Libido. 

Lubricant  (/«' '-brik-ant)  \lubricare,  to  make  smooth]. 
Making  smooth,  oily,  or  slippery. 

Lubricating  [lu' -brik-a-ting)  \lubricaret  to  make 
smooth].  Making  smooth  or  slippery.  L.  Oils, oily 
products  obtained  chiefly  from  petroleum  and  used  for 
lubricating  purposes.  Some  crude  petroleums  are  nat- 
ural lubricating  oils,  requiring  little  or  no  treatment  to 
tit  them  for  use.  I  i  e  other  petroleum  lubricating  oils 
obtained  in  one  of  two  ways — either  by  driving  off 
the  light  hydrocarbons  bom  the  crude  oil,  yielding 
what   i-  a  "reduced  oil,"   or  they  are  the  oils 

obtained  by  distilling  the  petroleum  residuum  in  tar- 
still  lightest  oi   the  lubricating  oils,  varying  in 
from  320  B.  I  I;  .    are    frequently  called 
ils."   They  are  largely  used  for  the  purpose  of 


LUBRICATION 


707 


LUMBRICOID 


mixing  with  animal  or  vegetable  oils,  and  it  is  therefore 
necessary  that  they  should  be  thoroughly  deodorized, 
decolorized,  and  deprived  "I  the  blue  fluorescence,  or 
"bloom,"  characteristic  of  petroleum  distillates  that 
contain  paraffin.  Heavier  lubricating  oils  are  called 
"spindle"  oils  and  "cylinder"  oils.  The  most  im- 
portant characters  to  be  possessed  by  these  oils  are  high 
fire-test,  low  cold-test,  and  a  high  degree  of  viscosity. 

Lubrication  (lu-brik-af -shun)  [lubricare,  to  make 
smooth].  The  process  o!  making  smooth  or  slippery 
by  the  application  of  a  lubricant. 

Lubricity  (lu-bris/ -it-e)  [lubricare,  to  make  slipper}]. 
A  synonym  of  lasciviousness  ;  slipperiness. 

Lubricous  (/«' '-brik-us)  [lubricus,  lubricare,  to  make 
smooth].      Smooth,  slippery. 

Luca,  Horizontal  Plane  of.     See  Plane. 

Lucent  (lu'-sent)   [lucere,  to  shine].      Bright,  shining. 

Lucernal  (lu-ser'-nal)  [lucerna,  a  lamp].  Pertaining 
to  lamp-light. 

Lucet,  Bacillus  of.    See  Bacteria,  Synonymatic  Table 

°f- 
Lucid  (Ju' -si J}  [lucidus,  clear].     Clear,  shining,  unob- 

scured.  In  biology,  having  a  smooth,  shining  surface. 
L.  Interval,  the  transitory  return  of  normal  mental 
action  and  sanity  in  certain  forms  and  cases  of  in- 
sanity. 

Lucidity  (lu-siJ'-it-e)  [lucidus,  clear].  Clearness; 
lucid  interval. 

Lucidum  (lu'-sid-u»i)  [lucidus,  clear].  Clear.  L., 
Septum.     See  Sept  inn . 

Luciferase  (lu-sif -er-dz)  [lucifer,  light-bringing].  The 
name  applied  by  Dubois  to  one  of  the  two  diastatic 
substances  which  become  phosphorescent  when  mixed 
in  the  presence  of  water,  and  which  are  found  in  the 
mollusc,  Pholas  dactylifera,  the  mouth  of  which  is 
luminous. 

Luciferin  (lu-sif ~f-er-iri)  [lux,  lucis,  light ;  ferre,  to 
bear].  A  crystalline  body  obtained  from  the  light-pro- 
ducing organs  of  certain  animals. 

Lucifer-match  Disease  or  L. -match  Maker's  Dis- 
ease. Necrosis  of  the  jaw  due  to  phosphorus-poi- 
soning. 

Luciform  (lu'-sif-orm)  [lux,  light  ;  forma,  form]. 
Resembling  light. 

Lucifugal  (lu-sif '-u-gal)  [lux,  light;  fngere,  to  flee]. 
Fleeing  from  or  avoiding  light. 

Lucifugous  (lu-sif -u-gus)  [lux,  light ;  fugere,  to 
flee].  In  biology,  applied  to  organisms  that  avoid 
light. 

Lucilia  (lu-siV -e-ah)  [L.].  A  genus  of  dipterous  in- 
sects, the  larvae  of  which  act  as  facultative  parasites, 
producing  various  forms  of  myiasis,  (/.  v.  See  Para- 
sites (Animal),   Table  of. 

Lucilin  (lu'-sil-in)  [lux,  lucis,  light].  A  commercial 
mixture  of  lamp-petroleum  and  brown  coal-oil. 

Lucina  (lu-si'-nah)  [lux,  light].  The  goddess  of 
childbirth.     L.  sine  coitu.     Parthenogenesis,  q.  v. 

Lucomania  (lu-ko-ma1 '-ne-ah)  [M>xoq,  wolf;  fiavia, 
mania].     Same  as  Lycanthropy,  q.v. 

Lucuma  (lu-ku'-mah)  [nat.  Peruvian].  A  genus  of  trop- 
ical American  sapotaceous  trees.  L.  caimito,  of  S. 
America  (called  abi  and  abiaba)  is  strongly  tonic  and 
antiperiodic,  and  is  useful  in  diarrhea  ;  other  species 
have  similar  qualities.       I  nof. 

Lucumin  (lu-ku'-min)  [lucuma"].  A  bitter  principle 
obtained  from  Lucuma  caimito.  It  is  recommended 
for  use  in  diarrheas  and  in  intermittent  fevers.  Dose 
gr.  j-viij.      Unof. 

Ludwig's  Angina.  A  cellulitis  of  the  neck,  usually  a 
secondary  inflammation  in  the  specific  fevers,  particu- 
larly diphtheria  and  scarlet  fever.  It  may,  however, 
occur    idiopathically    or    result     from     trauma.     The 


swelling  is  marked  in  the  submaxillary  region.  It  is  also 
called  Loiiii's  Angina.  See  Angina,  and  Diseases, 
Table  of.  L.'s  Angle  (Angulu  u  fovici  ,  the  angle 
that  exists  in  some  cases  of  emphysema  between  the 
manubrium  and  the  body  of  tin- sternum.  See  An 
L.'s  Ganglion.     See  Ganglia,  Table  of. 

Liicke's  Test.    See   Test  .   Table  of. 

Lues  (lit'-cs)  [I-]-  Formerly  a  pestilential  disease;  at 
present  used  as  an  euphemism  lor  syphilis.  L.  deifica, 
L.   divina,  epilepsy. 

Luetic  [In  et'-ifc)  [lues,  a  plague].  Affected  with  or  re- 
lating to  lues ;   syphilitic. 

Luffa  (Inf'-ali)  [Arab.].  A  genus  of  cucurbitaceous 
plants.  L.  acutangula,  the  strainer  vine,  of  India, 
having  an  edible  fruit,  a  purgative  and  emetic  root,  and 
oil-bearing  seeds.  L.  amara  has  similar  uses.  L. 
cylindrica,  the  "  wash -rag,"  "towel  gourd,"  >.r 
"  vegetable  sponge,"  bears  a  fruit  which  when  dry 
contains  a  sponge-like  network  of  fibers.  This  i-  some- 
times  used  as  a  substitute  for  a  sponge  or  towel.  L. 
purgans,  of  S.  America,  affords  a  strongly  purgative 
resin.     Unof. 

Lugol's  Caustic.  A  solution  of  iodin  and  potassium 
iodid,  of  each  one  part,  in  water  two  parts.  L.'s  So- 
lution.     See   lodin. 

Lumbaginous  (lum-baj' -in-us)  [lumbus,  loin].  Affected 
with,  or  pertaining  to,  lumbago. 

L,umbago  (lum-ba'-^o)  [lumbus,  the  loin].  I'ain  in  the 
structures  about  the  loins,  whether  neuralgic  or  rheu- 
matic. 

Lumbar  (lum'-bar)  [lumbus,  the  loin].  Pertaining  to 
the  loins,  especially  to  the  region  about  the  loins.  L. 
Abscess,  an  abscess  in  the  lumbar  region.  L. 
Arteries.  See  Arteries,  Table  of.  L.  Colotomy. 
See  Lumbo-colotomv.  L.  Myalgia,  lumbago.  L. 
Nephrectomy,  nephrectomy  through  an  incision  in 
the  lumbar  region.  L.  Nephrotomy,  nephrotomy 
through  an  incision  in  the  lumbar  region.  L.  Nerves. 
See  Alerves,  Table  of.  L.  Reflex.  See  Reflexes, 
Table  of.      L.  Region.     See  Abdomen. 

Lumben  (lum'ben)  [lumbus,  loins].  Belonging  to  the 
loin  in  itself. 

Lumberman's  Itch.     Same  as  Army  Itch. 

Lumbifragium  (lum-bif-ra'  je-um)  [lumbus,  loin; 
frangere,  to  break].      Lumbar  hernia. 

Lumbiplex  (lum'-be-pleks).     The  lumbar  plexus. 

Lumbiplexal  (lum-be-pleks' ' -al)  [lumbus,  loin  ;  plexus, 
net].      Pertaining  to  the  lumbiplex. 

Lumbo-abdominal  (lum'-bo-ab-dom'-in-al)  [lumbus, 
loin;  abdomen,  abdomen].  Pertaining  to  the  loin  and 
the  abdomen. 

Lumbocolotomy  ilum' -bo-ko-lot'-o-mc)  [lumbus,\o'm; 
ko'/ov,  colon;  roui/,  a  cutting].  Colotomy  performed 
in  the  lumbar  region. 

Lumbo-costal  (lum-bo-kos'-tal)  [lumbus,  loin  ;  costa, 
rib].      Pertaining  to  the  loins  and  the  ribs. 

Lumbodorsal  (lum-bo-dor'-sal)  [lumbus, \6\x\ ;  dorsum, 
back].      Pertaining  to  the  lumbar  and  dorsal  regions. 

Lumbodynia  (lum-bo-din' '-e  ah)  [lumbus,  loin  ;  bfiivi/, 
pain].      Same  as  Lumbago. 

Lumbo-inguinal  (lum-bo-in1 '  -gwin-al")  [lumbus,  loin  ; 
inguen,  groin].  Pertaining  to  the  lumbar  and  in- 
guinal regions. 

Lumbosacral  (lum-bo-sa'-kral)  [lumbus.  loin  ;  acrum, 
sacrum].     Pertaining  to  the  lumbar  and  sacral  regions. 

Lumbricales  (lum-brik-a'-lez).     See  Muscles,  Table  of . 

Lumbricide  ilum'-bris-id)  [lumbricus,  earth-worm; 
ccedere,  to  kill].     A  drug  fatal  to  lumbricoid  worms. 

Lumbriciform  (lum-bris/-if-orm).      See  Lumbricoid. 

Lumbricoid  (lum'-brilc-oid )  [lumbricus,  earth-worm; 
eldog,  likeness].  Pertaining  to,  or  resembling,  a 
lumbricus. 


* 


708 


■ 


LUPINE 

the  leaves  of  Pulmonaria  officinalis,  a  demulcent  and 
mU(  -  drug.      It  is  a  favorite  medicine  in  lung- 

,plaints.     1  »ose  of  the  tld.  ext.  5  ss-j. 


Unof. 


. 


■ 


1.    \    -in. ill 

tin'; 

stump], 
lumps.     L. 


12 


radi- 
;  .  moon]. 

Lui. 


.  the 

at], 
or   having   cres- 


moon]. 
ity. 
Lunatism  anus:     /una. 

5UD- 

ng   influence  of 

Apparatus.  ular  frame  of  iron  used  to 

L.'s  Oil,  an  oil  used 

ilive  oil   and 

i  one  dram. 

A  tit  of  lunacy  or  madness. 

Lunelia  m    ol  luna,  moon].     Same  as 

Lur.f  •  Lunetti  [''•]■      A  spectacle-lens. 

pes,    marine- 
:'.l  similai  to  aid  vision, 

spiration, 
idized  by  the 
and    air- 
.  a   riedit    and    a 

latti  r  of  two 
in  the  tli  ity,  and 

At  the  root  or  hilum  the 
pulmonary  artery  and 
iial    veins 
of  mi- 
tr.  1 

imity 
lull   right 
■s>    tH  L-, 

Blac>  L  ,  Coal-miner's, 

I-  .  C  L. -fever, 

L. -grown,  I 
I..,  Miner'    . 
' 

L  -   trui 
L. -tester. 
I  L.-wort, 


2- 


21 


22 


Relation  of  Lungs  to  other  Thoracic  Organs. 
.  Left  side  of  heart.  2.  Right  side  of  heart.  3.  Coronary  artery. 
4.  Left  auricle.  5.  Right  auricle.  6.  Superior  vena  cava.  7.  Pul- 
monary  arterv.  8.  ( >rigin  of  aorta,  q.  Arch  of  aorta  10.  Innominate 
artery.  11.  Right  common  carotid  artery.  12, 12.  Suhclavian  arteries. 
calenus  anticus  muscle.  14.  First  rih.  15.  Larynx.  16.  Trachea. 
17,  17.  Pneumogastric  nerves.  18,  18.  Phrenic  nerves.  19.  Right  lung. 
20.  Left  lung.    2i,  21.  Diaphragm.     22,22.  Seventh  pair  of  ribs. 


Lungen  [lung'-en)  [Ind.].  The  name  given  in  India 
to  a  form  of  diarrhea,  the  most  frequent  disease  of 
elephants,  caused  by  the  trematode  parasite  Ampin's- 
totna  kawksii,  Cobbold.  See  Parasites  (Animal), 
Table  of. 

Lunula  \lunf -u-lah)  [dim.  of  luna,  moon] .  The  white 
convex  or  semilunar  area  of  a  nail  near  the  root; 
onyx.  L.  of  the  Cardiac  Valves,  the  delicate  edges 
of  the  leaflets  of  the  semilunar  valves.  L.  of  Gia- 
nuzzi.  See  Crescents  of  Gianuzzi.  L.  lacrymalis, 
a  small  crest  of  bone  separating  the  antrum  of  High- 
more  from  the  lacrymal  groove. 

Lunular  (lun'-u-lar),  Lunulate  (lun'-u-lat).  See 
Lunate. 

Lunule  (lu'  mil)  [dim.  of  luna,  the  moon].  In  bi- 
•v.  applied  to  crescentiform  impressions  or  marks 
upon  various  animals. 

Luny  Uu'-ne)  [/una.  moon].     A  popular  term  for  crazy. 

Lupia  (lu'-pe-ah)  \lupus,  wolf].  A  name  given  to 
several  kinds  of  malignant  tumor,  phagedenic  ulcer, 
and  fungoid  growth,  and  also  to  a  wen.  See  also 
Molluscum.  L.  cancrosa,  carcinoma  developing  in 
atheroma  of  the  skin.  L.  scrofulosa,  scrofuloderma 
tuberculosum. 

Lupiform  [lu' '-pif-orrri)  [lupus,  a  wolf;  forma,  form]. 
Lupoid. 

Lupigenin  [lu-pij'-en-in)  [lupus,  a  wolf  ],  C,-II,.,<  )r,. 
A  substance  resulting  from  the  decomposition  of 
lupiin  by  acids. 

Lupiin  (lu'-pe-in)  [lupus,  a  wolf],  <  '.,,1 1,.2  0,6  -f-  7^0. 
A  bitter  principle  found  in  germinating  lupine  seeds. 

Lupine  [lu'-pin)  [lupus,  a  wolf].  A  popular  name  for 
various    leguminous    plants   of  the    genus     l.upinus, 


1.1  PINIDIN 


roo 


LUPUS 


many  of  which  are  poisonous.    A  large  number  of  the 
species  are  American. 

Lupinidin  {lu-pin'-id-in)  [////'its,  a  wolf],  C8H15N. 
A  liquid  alkaloid  obtained  from  Lupinui  lut 

Lupinin  i/V '-pin-in)  [lupus,  a  wolf],  CjjH^NjOj.  An 
alkaloid,  or  tertiary  amin,  from  the  seeds  of  Lupinus 
luli-us ;  also,  an  alkaloid  from  tin-  seeds  of  Lupinus 
alius;  also,  a  glucosid  from  the  leaves  ol  both  species. 
All  three  are  paralyzants,  depressing  the  motor  and 
sensory  centers.  The  one  first  named  has  been  pro 
posed  as  a  substitute  for  quinin. 

Lupinosis  {lu-pin-o'-sis)  [lupus,  a  wol-fj.  A  disease  of 
cattle  said  by  some  to  be  produced  by  eating  the  herb- 
age of  certain  poisonous  species  ol  lupine.  See  Lathy- 
r/siu. 

Lupinotoxin  [lu-pin-o-toks'-iri)  [lupinus,  lupine;  rol-t- 
k6v,  poison],  A  resinoid  derived  from  certain  poi- 
sonous species  of  lupine,  and  said  to  be  capable  of 
producing  the  symptoms  of  lupinosis. 

Lupiology  (lu-pe-oV -o-je)  [lupia,  wen;  "K6yoq,  science]. 
The  science  of  malignant  tumors. 

Lupoid  [lu'-poid]  [lupus,  wolf;  t\<S»c,  like].  Having 
the  nature  of  lupus. 

Lupomania     (//(■po-ma/-ne-ah)     [///pus,    wolf;     fu 
madness].      Rabies. 

Lupotome  Uu' '-po-tom)  [lupus,  wolf;  TOfirj,  a  cutting]. 
A  cutting  or  scarifying  instrument  sometimes  used  in 
the  treatment  of  lupus. 

Lupous  {lu'-p//s)  [lupus,  wolf].  Affected  with  or  per- 
taining to  lupus. 

Lupulin  [lu'-pu-lin)  [///pus,  lupulus,  hop],  i.  Ci2H50- 
0».  A  crystalline  principle  obtainable  from  powdery 
glands  of  the  hop-plant.  See  Humulus.  It  is  said 
to  be  strongly  narcotic.  2.  The  yellow,  resinous 
powder  of  hops,  composed  mainly  of  dried  glands  from 
the  strobiles  of  the  plant ;  it  is  the  l/ipi/lii////)/  of  the  U. 
S.  P.  Its  fluid  extract  and  oleoresin  are  official.  Dose 
of  the  fid.  ext.,gtt.  10-15  i  of  the  oleoresin,  gr.  ij— v. 
3.  The  precipitate  from  a  tincture  of  the  cones  of  hops, 
Humulus  ///p/i/its,  a  nervine,  hypnotic,  febrifuge,  an- 
tiperiodic,  and  tonic.    Dose  from  I  to  2  grains.     Unof. 

Lupulina  (lu-pu-li'-nah)  [I..:  gen.,  L//p//li//ie\  Same 
as  Lupulin. 

Lupulinum  [lu-pu-W '-num)  [L.  :  gen.,  Lupulini\. 
Same  as  Lupulin. 

Lupulus  [lu'-pu-lus).     See  Humulus. 

Lupus  [/i/'pi/s)  [L. ,  a  wolf].  Lupus  vulgaris;  a 
chronic  disease  of  the  skin  and  some  mucous  mem- 
branes, characterized  by  the  formation  in  the  connective 
tissue  of  nodules  of  granulation-tissue.  It  passes 
through  a  number  of  clinical  phases,  and  terminates  by 
ulceration  or  atrophy,  with  scar- formation.  The  cause 
of  the  disease  is  the  tubercle-bacillus.  L.,  Acne,  an 
obstinate  papular  eruption  of  doubtful  character  occur- 
ing  in  the  localities  usually  selected  by  Acne  vulgaris 
andsometimes  associated  with  it.  L.,  Acneiform.  See 
L.  erythematosus  sebaceus.  L.  anatomicus,  the  ana- 
tomic tubercle.  L.,  Cazenave's,  lupus  erythemato- 
sus, q.  7 .  See  also  Diseases,  Table  of.  L.,  Common, 
lupus  vulgaris.  L.,  Disseminated  Follicular,  aden- 
oid acne  ;  a  variety  of  acne  confined  to  the  face,  espe- 
cially in  the  situations  usually  occupied  by  acne.  The 
papules  are  from  a  large  pin's  head  to  a  pea  in  size, 
conic  and  deep-red.  They  may  coalesce  to  form  a  lupus- 
like  tissue.  L.  disseminatus,  a  term  applied  to  any 
case  of  lupus  with  multiple  patches.  L.  eczema,  a 
form  of  L.  erythematosus  resembling  eczema.  L. 
endemicus.  Set  Aleppo  Boil.  L.  erythematodes. 
Synonym  of  Z.  erythematosus.  L.  erythematosus, 
L.  erythematodes;  Cazenave's  lupus;  a  form  not  due 
to  the  tubercle-bacillus.  It  occurs,  as  a  rule,  in  mul- 
tiple patches,  with  a  tendency  to  symmetric   arrange- 


ment, chiefly  about  the  face  and  head,  occasionally  on 
the  extremities,  and  rarely  on  the  trunk.  The  patches 
are  sharply  defined  at  the  border,  flat,  very  slightly 
raised,  and  with  a  tendency  to  the  formatii  -ts. 

The  color  is    bright  red,   and  there  are    no    nodu 
The  disease  tend-  to  spread  slowly  at  the  periphery,  and 
new  patches    may  form  in  the   neighborhood  of   the 
old.       feeble  circulation   favors    the  development  of 
the  disease.      It  is  most   common  in  femal  •  lult 

or  middle  age.  L.  erythematosus  aggregatus. 
s<  •■  L.  erythematosus  disseminatus.  L.  erythemato- 
sus circumscripta,  the  most  common  form,  attack- 
ing chiefly  the  head  and  face,  especially  the-  nose, 
cheeks,  and  ears,  often  symmetrically.  It  appears  in 
the  early  stage  as  isolated  or  grouped,  small,  1 
about  an  eighth  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  with  a  yellow- 
ish spot  at  the  center,  and  a  small  closely  adherent  scale. 
These  slowly  extend  peripherally  and  ultimately 
ali  see  into  patches  of  a  dirty  yellowish-white  appear- 
ance. Cicatrization  occurs  in  the  center.  The  disease 
is  one  of  long  duration.  L.  erythematosus  corneus, 
L.  erythematosus  in  which  the  scales  are  n<  't  greasj  .  L. 
erythematosus  discoides,  the  asymmetric  form  of 
L.  erythematosus.  L.  erythematosus  discretus,  a 
form  of  L.  erythema',  1/  in  which  irregular  patches 
are  scattered  over  various  parts  of  the-  body.  It  is 
associated  with  constitutional  symptoms — fever  and 
pains  in  the  head,  bones,  joints,  etc.  L.  erythema- 
tosus disseminatus,  /..  erythematosus  'us; 
Lupus-psoriasis ;  a  rare  form  of  Lupus  erythematt 
characterized  by  a  wider  diffusion  of  the  eruption, an 
extension  by  repeated  outbreaks,  and  by  the  fact  that 
the  patches  never  coalesce.  It  is  a  chronic  disease 
usually,  but  maybe  acute.  L.  erythematosus  seba- 
ceus, a  form  with  special  involvement  of  the  seba- 
ceous glands.  L.  erythematosus  telangiectodes,  a 
variety  characterized  by  marked  dilatation  of  the  cu- 
taneous blood-vessels.  L.,  Erythematous,  lupus 
erythematosus.  L.  exedens.  Synonym  of  L.  vul- 
garis. L.  exfoliativus.  See  Lupus  maculosus.  L. 
exuberans,  a  form  of  lupus,  usually  Z.  exulcerans, 
associated  with  papillary  excrescences.  L.  exulcer- 
ans, a  term  used  to  distinguish  that  form  in  which 
the  destruction  of  tissue  is  rapid  or  intense,  or  in 
which  the  epidermis  is  lost  and  a  secreting  ulcerating 
surface  is  disclosed.  L.  frambcesiformis,  L.  fram- 
bcesioides.  See  Z.  exuberans.  L.,  Fungous. 
Synonym  of  L/ipus  exuberans.  L.  haemorrhagicus, 
Z.  erythematosus  disseminatus  associated  with  hem- 
orrhagic vesicles  and  blebs  that  dry  and  form  crusts. 
L.  hypertrophicus,  that  variety  in  which  new  con- 
nective-tissue formatii  minates  over  the  destruc- 
tive process,  and  markedly  raised,  thick  patches  result. 
L.  idiopatbicus.  Synonym  of  L.  vulgaris.  L.  im- 
petiginosus,  a  form  of  Z.  erythematosus  in  its  earlier 
stages  resembling  impetiginous  eczema.  L.  lymphat- 
icus.  See  Lymphangioma  circumscriptum.  L.  macu- 
losus, a  variety  characterized  by  the  eruption  of  very 
soft,  smooth,  brownish-red,  semi-translucent  miliary 
nodules,  which  develop  in  the  connective  tissue  of 
otherwise  healthy  skin  without  subjective  sensa- 
tions. This  eruption  constitutes  the  earliest  sign 
of  lupus.  When  the  surface  desquamates,  the 
name  L//p//s  exfoliativus  is  given  to  it.  L.  mili- 
aris.  See  /...  Acne.  L.  mutilans,  lupus  exe- 
dens, causing  destruction  of  tissue  and  disfigurement. 
L.,  Necrogenic,  the  anatomic  tubercle.  L.  non-exe- 
dens,  lupus  without  ulceration.  L.  papillaris,  L. 
papillomatosus,  a  form  characterized  by  papillary 
growths  that  may  reach  the  size  of  the  palm.  These 
are  most  frequently  seen  on  the  extremities  and  but- 
tocks, and  occur  only  on  ulcerated  surfaces.      L.  per- 


bo 
to 


I.. 


LURID! 

.  mu- 
mu- 
ll pus 
ninens. 

■ 


LYCOIDES 


L. 

L. 

L.  se- 

L. 

L. 
itch. 

L., 

■ 
:i  margin 

U-.ll- 

L.    terebrans. 

tuberculosus. 

L.  tuberosu  m  ol 

L.  tumidus, 

us  infilti  I  connec- 

. 

L.  ulcerosus.    Synonym 

L.  %-egetans,  L.  verrucosus,  the 

;     i  oking 

i  from  tim 

the    ham  Is   and 

L.  vorax.  See  L.  exul- 

ilgaris.  L.    vulgaris 

cmatodc  with   l<  ibling 

It  may 

the  mucous  membrane  of  the 

L.  of  the  Vulva. 


.  lur  r,  yellow  color], 
with  in  certain  cachectic  con- 
•  1  1  i  1 1 1 1 >-. 
Bursa.  L.'s  Cartilage, 

r  part  of  the 
L.'s    Gland,  the    coccygeal     gland, 
lying  near  the  tip  of 
attachment  of  the 
Its  function  is  not  known.     See  Gland. 
I  u   normally  exists 

iian  tubes,  analo- 


Luschka's 


mphoid  constituents  of  the 

./"  and  "Pharyn- 

L.'s   Villi,  minute   spheroid,  partially 

layei  of   the  pia, 

nian  bodies. 

[/«,  I],      I .    The  state 

specially 
natism. 

\  washing. 


I 

iW  of. 

Bacillus  of. 


ial  appe- 

ist].   Libidinous;  hav- 

vmatic 
Method,  a  method   ol  the 

Hum  to  purify]. 


\ 
any 


I 

iud]. 

el. 


play  ; 

:  uietic 


Lutein  ")      [luteus,    yellow].      I.    A    pigment 

obtained  from  corpora  lutea  by  extraction  with  chloro- 
.n.     ii   occurs   in  minute  rhombic  prisms  or  plates 
that   are   pleochromatic  and   insoluble    in    water,    but 
readily    soluble    in    alcohol,    ether,    and    chloroform. 
Lutein  is  more  or  less  rapidly  bleached  by  the  action 
of  light.      2.   A  red 
lipochrome  pigment 
found  by  MacMunn 
in  the  1  >1  < ••  •« I  of  Ho- 
a  nigra.    L.- 
cells,    large    cells, 
containing  granules 
of  lutein,  character- 
istic of  the  metamor- 
phosed clot  of  rup-  Lutein-cells. 
tured     <  Jraafian  t>>l- 

licles,  to  the  margins  of  which  they  impart  a  bright 
yellow  color,  whence  the  name  corpora  lutea.  These 
cells  appear  to  arise  from  the  theca  interna.  See  il- 
lustration. 

Luteolin  (luf -te-o-liri)  [luteus,  yellow].  A  yellow  color- 
ing-substance  obtained  from  diphenylamin and  diazoxy- 
lenesulphonic  acid  ;  also,  a  crystalline  body,  C20HI4O8, 
found  in  Reseda  Intra.      See  Pigments,  Conspectus  of. 

Luteolous  (lu-te' '-o-lus)  [luteolus,  dim.  of  luteus, 
golden-yellow].     In  biology,  buff,  or  yellowish. 

Luteous  \luf-te-us)  [lutum, mud].     Clay-colored,  mud 
colored;  saffron,  or  reddish-yellow. 

Lutescent  {lu-tes'-ent)  [lutum,  mud].  In  biology, 
yellowish,  or  becoming  yellow. 

Luton's  Sugar-test.     See  Tests,  Table  of. 

Lutose  (lu'-tos)  [lutum,  mud].  In  biology,  applied  to 
such  organisms  as  are  covered  with  a  substance  like  mud. 

Luxation  (luks-a'-sliun).     See  Dislocation. 

Luxatura  [luks-at-u'-raK).     See  Dislocation. 

Luxus  {Inks' -us)[\..,  "  excess,"].  Excess.  L. -breath- 
ing, the  breathing  of  more  air  than  is  actually  called 
for  by  the  needs  of  the  organism.  L. -consump- 
tion, a  term  applied  by  Bidder  and  Schmidt  to  the 
metabolism  of  certain  surplus  proteid  material,  which, 
though  inside  the  body,  does  not  form  a  component 
part  of  any  of  its  tissues,  but  constitutes  a  kind  of  res- 
ervoir of  force  upon  which  the  organism  can  draw. 

Luys's  Body.  A  lentiform  ganglion  of  a  milk-and-coffee 
color,  which  lies  in  the  ideal  continuation  of  the  lateral 
part  of  the  ganglion  of  Soemmering.  It  represent-  the 
boundary  between  the  crusta  and  the  tegmentum. 
L.'s  Transference  Method.     See  Hypnotism. 

Lycaconitin  {hk  ak-ou'-it-in)  [//'»«;,  a  wolf;  aconitum, 
aconite],  C27H3tN2Ofi  H20.  An  amorphous  alka- 
loid, soluble  in  water,  alcohol,  and  chloroform,  obtained 
from  Aconitum  lycoctonum.  In  its  toxicologic  action 
it  resembles  curare. 

Lycanthrope  {Ii'  -kan-throp)  [M/coc,  wolf;  hvBpunoq, 
man].     A  person  affected  with  lycanthropy. 

Lycanthropic  (//  kan-throp' -ik)  [tvnoc,  wolf;  avdpuiror, 
man].      Pertaining  to  or  affected  with  lycanthropy. 

Lycanthropy  {li-kan' -thro-pe)  ["kbicoq,  a  wolf;  avdpanog, 
man].  A  form  of  mania  in  which  a  person  imagines 
himself  a  wild  beast.     Cf.  Zoantkropy. 

Lychnidiate  lik-nid' '-e-at)  ['/i  yi'or,  a  lamp].  In  bi- 
ology, luminous,  phosphorescent. 

Lycin       '     n).     See  Betain. 

Lycodes  (li-ko' -dez)  [>i/v<»,  wolf],  A  chronic  form  of 
tonsillitis       Sec  Lycoides. 

Lycoid  (ti'-koiJ)  [>/v»,  wolf;  el6o(,  like].  Resem- 
bling a  wolf. 

Lycoides  (li-koid'-ez)  [>iM»,  wolf;  eldoc,  like].  A 
term  applied  to  a  form  of  quinsy  popularly  attributed 
to  exi  -  ss  of  spermatic  fluid  in  the  seminal  reservoirs 
and  ii-  entrance  into  the  blood. 


LYCOMANIA 


711 


LVM I'll  ADENOMA 


Lycotnania  (li-ko-ma' '-ne-ah)  [Xvicog,  wolf;  navia,  mad- 
ness].    Synonym  of  Lycantkropy,  </.  v. 

Lycoperdon  (li-ko-per'-dou)  ['/i-noc,  wolf;  rripdeodai,  to 
break  wind].  A  genus  of  gasteromycetous  fungi.  L. 
bovista,  fist-ball,  puff-ball,  devil's  snuff  box.  This 
has  been  used  as  a  styptic,  and  is  now  to  some  extent 
employed  in  nervous  diseases.  The  fumes  have  been 
used  as  an  anesthetic.  L.  giganteum,  the  giant 
puff-ball ;  similar  to  L.  bovista.  L.  proteus.  See 
L.  giganteum. 

Lycopersicon,  Lycopersicum  (li-ko-per' '-sik-on,  li-ko- 
per^-sih-um)  [Xi>Kog,  wolf ;  irepaacog,  peach].  A  section 
of  the  Solanact'a- ,  of  which  several  species  are  well 
known.     See  Solatium. 

Lycopin  (li'-ko-pin)  [hvnog,  wolf;  irovg,  foot].  A  pre- 
cipitate from  a  tincture  of  Lycopus  virginicus,  an 
astringent,  styptic,  sedative,  and  tonic.  Dose  from  i  to 
4  grains.      Unof. 

Lycopodin  (li-ko-po' '-din)  [Xvicog,  wolf;  7roi»c,foot],  <".,., 
H5sN2Os.  A  bitter  alkaloid  found  in  Lycopodium  cla- 
vatum and  L.  complanatum.  It  is  readily  soluble  in 
water,  ether,  and  in  alcohol.      Unof. 

Lycopodium  (li-ko-po' -dc-um)  [avkoq ,  wolf ;  novg,  foot]. 
Club-moss,  witch-meal,  wolf's-claw.  In  medicine,  the 
sporules  of  L.  clavatum  and  other  varieties,  in  the 
form  of  a  light,  fine,  yellowish  powder,  are  used  as  a 
desiccant  and  absorbent  on  moist  and  excoriated  sur- 
faces;  in  pharmacy,  as  an  inert  powder  in  which  to 
imbed  pills  to  prevent  their  adhering  to  each  other. 
Lycopodium  is  inflammable  and  slightly  explosive, 
whence  the  name  "  vegetable  sulphur."  A  large  num- 
ber of  species  are  known.  L.  clavatum,  lycopodium. 
L.  complanatum,  common  club-moss,  ground-pine, 
found  in  Europe  and  North  America.  L.  inundatum, 
marsh  club-moss.  L.  officinale.  See  L.  clavatum. 
L.  phlegmasia,  an  Asiatic  species  said  to  possess 
aphrodisiac  properties.  L.  recurvum.  See  L. 
selago.  L.  rubrum,  a  species  which  is  actively 
purgative.  It  has  been  employed  in  South  America  in 
elephantiasis.  L.  saussurus,  Brazilian  piligon.  Its 
alkaloid, piligonin,  is  a  powerful  emetic,  purgative,  and 
convulsant.  L.  selago,  fir-moss,  fir-club-moss,  tree- 
moss  ;  a  species  found  in  Europe  and  North  America. 
It  is  cathartic  and  emetic  in  its  action.      Unof. 

Lycopus  (li'-ko-pus).     See  Bugleweed. 

Lycorexia,  Lycorrhexy  (li-kor-eks'-e-ah,  li'-kor-eks-c) 
[/j'Kog,  wolf;  ope^u;,  appetite].  A  wolfish  or  canine 
appetite;  bulimia. 

Lycostoma  (li-kos'-io-mah)  [Xvicog,  wolf;  ardfia, 
mouth].      Cleft  palate. 

Lye  (//)  [ME.,  ley,  lye].  The  solution  of  alkaline 
hydrates  obtained  by  leaching  ashes ;  any  alkaline 
solution. 

Lyencephalous  (li-en-sef'-al-ns)  [Ivtiv,  to  loosen  ; 
t} KFtyd/.oq ,  brain].  Having  cerebral  hemispheres  that 
are  loosely  united. 

Lygismus  (li-jiz' -?nus)  [Mryiofidg,  from  Xvyiijeiv,  to 
bend].  A  melodious,  flexible  voice  ;  also,  disloca- 
tion. 

Lygmus  (lig/-mus)   [/>';. ,"<<<]•      Synonym  of  Hiccough. 

Lygodesmia  (li-godez'-me-ah)  [Tivyog,  twig;  Sea/H6g, 
bond].  A  genus  of  composite- flowered  herbs.  L. 
spinosa,  of  Nevada  and  California,  has  about  its 
stem,  at  the  ground,  a  tuft  of  woolly  or  silky  liber, 
useful  as  a  hemostatic.     Unof. 

Lygophilous  (li-goff' -il-us)  [>ry>/,  twilight  ;  (ptAeiv,  to 
love].      Seeking  dark  places. 

Lying-down,  Lying-in.     Sec  Puerperal  State. 

Lyma  (li'-mah)  [?.vpa,  washings:  pi.,  Lymata\  I. 
Filth,  or  sordes.      2.    Lochia. 

Lymph  (limf)  [lympha,  water].  The  fluid  in  the  lym- 
phatic   vessels,   the    product  of   the    filtration    of   the 


liquid  portion  of  the  blood  through  the  walls  of  the 
capillaries.  Applied,  also,  to  certain  products  of 
lymph-exudation  in  wounds,  etc.  L.,  Animal,  vac- 
cine-lymph obtained  from  an  animal.  L.,  Aplastic, 
a  lymph-product  of  inflammation  that  will  not  form 
embryonic  tissue.  It  is  called,  also,  Corpuscular  or 
Croupous  lymph.  L.,  Bovine,  vaccine-material  ob- 
tained from  a  cow  or  a  calf.  L.,  Calf,  vaccine  from  the 
calf.  L.-cell,  L. -corpuscle,  a  leukocyte  occurring 
in  the  lymph.  L. -corpuscles,  the  colorless  corpuscles 
of  the  lymph.  L.,  Euplastic.  See  L.,  Pla 
L.,  Fibrinous.  Same  as  /,.,  Plastic.  L. -follicles, 
branched  lacunar  labyrinthine  parts  composed  of 
adenoid  tissue  intercalated  in  the  course  of  the  lym- 
phatic vessels.  They  are  not  true  glands.  L.- 
glands.  See  Lymphatic  Glands.  L. -hearts,  exist 
in  certain  cold-blooded  animals,  the  frog,  e.  g. ,  having 
two  axillary  and  two  sacral  hearts  fur  pumping  the 
lymph.  L.,  Humanized,  vaccine  from  a  human 
being.  L.,  Inflammatory,  that  thrown  out  as  a  pro- 
duct of  inflammation  in  wounds,  etc.  L.,  Koch's,  a 
term  for  the  fluid  called,  by  Koch,  paratoloid,  now 
known  a.s  tu/'f ;■(////>!.  See  Tuberculin.  It  is  recom- 
mended by  Koch  for  hypodermatic  injection  in  cases 
of  tuberculous  disease.  L.,  Plastic,  fibrinous  lymph  ; 
that  forming  embryonic  tissue.  L. -scrotum,  an  ana- 
sarcous  condition  of  the  scrotum  due  to  tin-  presence 
of  Filaria  sanguinis  hominis  in  the  blood-stream. 
See  Filaria.  L. -spaces,  the  lacunas  that  occur  in 
connective  tissue,  and  contain  lymph.  L.,  Vituline. 
See  L.,  Calf. 

Lymphaden  (I im -fa' -den)  [lympha,  water  ;  iiSi/V, gland]. 
Any  lymphatic  gland.  • 

Lymphadenectasis  (lim-fad-en-ek'  -tas-is)  \Jympha, 
lymph;  wh'/r,  gland;  enTaoig,  distention].  A  tumor 
of  a  lymph-gland,  due  to  dilatation  of  its  sinuses. 

Lymphadenhypertrophy  ( Km  -fad-en  -hi -per'-  tro  -fe) 
[lympha,  lymph  ;  ddrjv,  gland ;  mkp,  over ;  ~po<t>T], 
nourishment].    Hypertrophy  of  the  lymphatic  glands. 

Lymphadenia  (lim-fad-e' -ne-ah)  [lympha,  lymph; 
adrjv,  gland].  A  general  hyperplasia  of  the  lym- 
phatic tissue  with  or  without  leukocytosis. 

Lymphadenism  (lim-fad' '-en-izm)  [lympha,  lvmph  ; 
a6rp>,  gland].  The  general  condition  of  disease  that 
accompanies  lymphadenoma. 

Lymphadenitis  (lim-fad-oi-i'-tis)  [lympha,  lymph ; 
('Aijv,  gland;  trig,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  a 
lymphatic  gland.  L.,  Cutaneous,  mycosis  fungoides. 
L.,  Septic,  a  form  due  to  the  presence  of  microor- 
ganisms. L.,  Simple,  lymphadenitis  due  to  irrita- 
tion. 

Lymphadenoid  (lim-fad' '-en-oid)  [lympha.  lymph; 
adrp>,  gland;  e}6o<t,  like].  Resembling,  or  of  the 
nature  of,  a  lymphatic  gland. 

Lymphadenoma  (lim-fatl-oi-o'-mak)  [lympha.  lymph; 
<:<h]i('jua,  a  glandular  tumor:  //. ,  Lymphadenomata'X. 
Hodgkin's  disease;  Malignant  lymphoma;  Pseudo- 
leukemia; Ansemica  lymphatica;  Adenie  [Fr.].  A 
disease  of  the  lymphatic  structures  of  the  body  char- 
acterized by  a  hyperplasia,  and  often  a  new  forma- 
lism of  lymphatic  tissue  in  glands,  spleen,  and  bone- 
marrow.  The  cervical  glands  are  usually  first  involved. 
The  blood,  as  a  rule,  presents  the  characters  of  anemia 
without  increase  in  the  number  of  white  corpuscles. 
Pyrexia,  often  of  a  remittent  type,  is  common.  The 
disease  occurs  most  frequently  in  males.  The  duration 
is  from  two  to  five  years,  and  the  disease  results  fatally. 
( tccasionally  lymphadenoma  is  converted  into  a  true 
leukemia.  L.,  Hard,  a  form  characterized  by  indu- 
rated, firm,  glandular  swellings.  L.,  Leukemic, 
whin  associated  with  leukemia.  L.,  Soft,  a  form  in 
which  the  enlarged  lymphatic  glands  are  soft. 


i.\  mi'iia  rics 


. 


i. 


1.      Ganglionar,    an 

I  the 
I.       Sp  Mil, 

-:  1       Abn 

in    the 
m- 


ng  in  J.   Injec- 

jpraphy  i     \lympha, 

A  de- 

.  lymph; 
ty,  physi- 
lymphati 

.  lymph  ; 

■•'./]. 

'he  lym- 

-lpillare  varicosum.  Synonym  of 

L   cavernosum.     Synonym  of 

1-   circumscriptum.    Lymphan- 

iseof  the 

tai  ythei  irm- 

■I  in  the 

with  the 

.  trunk, 

gradually 

.wn.    L. 

■ 

the 
but 

ink.       I  li.-v   dip 

ind 

le  up  of 

yom.i  s;ee 


lymph; 

In 


linn  of  red  line--  on  the  skin.      L.,  Wandering,  a 
ring  usually  on  tin-  back  of  the  hand,  and 
|uent  contact  with  putrefying  tissues.      It 
tii  ular  patches  connected  by  wavy  lines. 
Lymphangoncus  {lim-fan-jon* -kits)   \lympha,  lymph; 
,  a  tumor ].      A  firm  swelling  ol 
the  lymphatic  vessels. 
Lymphapostemat/////-/<'//-Af-/<,/-w,///)  \lympha,  Lymph  ; 
--  :  //. .  LymphaposUmata\.     A  lym- 
phatic absi 
Lympharia  (lim  \h)  [lympha,  lymph].     A  name 

proposed  for  lymphatic  tissue. 
Lymphate     [lim*  \lympha,     water].       Raving; 

htened  into  madness. 
Lymphatic  {lim-fat'-ik)  \lymphaticus  ;  lympka,  lymph  ]. 
Pertaining   to  lymph;    containing  or  characterized  by 
lymph.     L.  Edema.     See  Lymphedema.    L.  Glands, 
the  glands  intercalated  in  the  pathway  of  the  lymph- 
atic vessels,  through  which  the  lymph  is  filtered.       L. 
Temperament.       See  Temperament.       L.  Vessels. 
Lymphatics. 
Lymphatico-sanguine  [lim-faf  ik  «  sanf-gwiri)  \lytn- 
pha,    lymph;  sanguis,   blood].      Both    lymphatic  and 
nguine.     Sec  Temperament. 


i   Lymphatics  of--  Cervical  and    Axillary 

G  L  A 

I.  Superior  extremity  of  thoracic  duct.      2.    Its  entrance  at 
the  junction  oi  the  internal  jugular  and  left  subclavian  veins. 

Lymphatics    {lim-faf -iks)    [lympha,    lymph].        The 

lymphatic  vessels,  including  capillaries,  afferent  and 

Jsels,  and  ducts  or  trunks:   the  lvmph-ves- 

ary  tubes  extending  to  nearly  every   part 

'he  body,  fir. 1, 1    which  they  take  up  the   lymph, 

forming  the   principal  part  of  the  absorbent   system. 

rent   or    inferent  lymphatics,    those    that    convey 

lymph  n,  the  lymphatic  glands;  efferent  lymphatics, 

nducl  lymph  from  the  glands. 


LYMPHATISM 


713 


LYMPHOMA  1'  )\    - 


Lymphatic  Glands  and  Vessels  of  the  Cavity  of  the 

Axilla. 


mHjv..^ 


Lymphatic  Glands  and  Vessels  of  the  Inguinal 
Region. 

Lymphatism  (lim'-fat-izm)  [lympkatismus].  The  lym- 
phatic temperament ;   scrofula. 

Lymphatitis  (lim-fat-i'-tis).     See  Lymphangitis. 

Lymphatocele  (lim-fat'-o-sel)  \lympha,  lymph;  k^Xij, 
tumor].    A  tumor  composed  of  dilated  lymph-vessels. 

Lymphatology  [lim-fat-ol' -o-je\     See  Lymphology. 


Lymph-canalicular  (limf  -kan-al-ik'  -u-lar)  [lympha, 
lymph;  canaliculus,  small  channel].  Pertaining  to 
the  ultimate  channels  of  the  lymphatic  vessels. 

Lymphedemai  lim  man)  \lympha,  lymph  ;  oidrjua, 

edema].       Edema   due    to   accumulation   of   lymph; 
scrolls  edema. 

Lympheduct    (lim'-fe  dukt)    \lympha,  lymph  ;     du 
to  lead].     A  lymphatic  vessel  or  duct. 

Lymphemia  Uim-fe'-me-ah)  \lympha,  lymph;  ai/ia, 
blood].      Leukemia  chai  I   by  pathologic  pro- 

cesses   in    the    lymphatic  glands,    which    become   hy- 
pertrophied  ;  the  kidney   or  liver  sometim  -<:nts 

what  appears  to  be  an  element  composed  of  lymphatic 
ii->ues. 

Lymphenteritis  (lim-fen-ter-i' -tis\  \lympha,  lymph; 
ivrepov,  bowels;  trig,  inflammation].  Inflammation 
of  the  bowels  attended  with  serous  infiltration.  2. 
Inflammation  of  the  at    of    the    intestine; 

peritonitis. 

Lymphepatitis  (limf-hep-at-i'-tis)  \lympha,  lymph  ; 
//-«/),  liver;  trie,  inflammation].  Inflammation  of  the 
peritoneal  coat  of   the  liver. 

Lympheurysma  (Jim  fu-riz'-man).  See  Lymphan- 
eurysma. 

Lymphexosmosis  (lim-  felts  -  os  -  mof  -  sis)  \lympha, 
lymph  ;  ef,  out  ;  aofidg,  thrust].  Exosmosis  of  lymph  ; 
passage  of  lymph  outward,  through  the  coats  of  the 
lymph-vessels. 

Lymphitis  (lim-ji'-tis).      .See  Lymphangitis. 

Lymphoblast  \limf -fo-blast)  \lympha,  lymph  ;  {i'/acroc, 
germ].     Any  cell  with  a  nutritive  function. 

Lymphocele  (lim'-fo-sel)  \Jympha,  lymph;  «>////, 
tumor].  A  tumor  containing  an  abnormal  collection 
or  quantity  of  lymph. 

Lymphocyte  (lim'-fo-sit)  [lympha,  lymph  ;  nrroq,  a 
cell].  I.  A  lymph-cell.  2.  One  of  Khrlich's  classes  of 
leukocytes,  comprising  those  small  cells  having  large 
nuclei  and  a  very  small  amount  of  protoplasm.  See 
Leukocyte. 

Lymphocythemia  (Urn  -  fo  -  si  -  the' -  we  -  ah)  \lympha, 
lymph  ;  m'toc,  cell  ;  <nun,  blood].  A  condition  of  the 
blood  in  which  the  lymphocytes  are  increa- 

Lymphodermia  (lim-fo-der* -me-ah)  [lymphn,  lymph; 
depfia,  skin].  An  affection  of  the  lymphatics  of  the 
skin.  L.  perniciosa,  a  certain  form  of  Mycosis,  or 
fungoid  granuloma. 

Lymphoduct  (lim'-fo-dukt).     See  Lympheduct. 

Lympho-gastritis  \lim-fo-gas-tri' '-lis)  [lympka,  lymph  ; 
yaari/p,  stomach;  trie,  inflammation].  Lymphatic 
gastritis. 

Lymphogenous  (lim-fof  '-en-us)  [lympha,  lymph  ; 
yswav,  to  beget].      Producing  lymph. 

Lymphoid  (lim'-foid)  \lympha,  lymph ;  eldog,  like]. 
Having  tha  appearance  or  character  of  lymph. 

Lymphology  (Hm-foF-o-je)  [lympha,  lymph  ;  '/ir.oq, 
science].  The  study  of  the  anatomy  and  physiology 
of  the  lymphatic  system. 

Lymphoma  (lim-fof-mati)  [lympha,  lymph; 
tumor:  //. ,  Lymphomata\  A  lymph-tumor;  also, 
lymphadenoma.  The  term  includes  formations  not 
strictly  tumors  but  hyperplasias  of  the  tissues  proper 
to  lymphatic  glands.  L.,  Heteroplastic.  Synonym 
of  Lymphadenoma.  L.,  Leukemic.  See  Lymph- 
adenoma,  Leukemic.  L.,  Malignant.  Synonym  of 
Lymphadenoma.  L.,  Scrofulous,  tuberculous  en- 
largement of  lymphatic  glands.  L.,  Typhoid,  the 
formation  of  small  lymphatic  masses  in  the  intestinal 
peritoneum  and  in  the  liver  and  kidneys  in  typhoid 
fever. 

Lymphomatous  [lim-for -mat-us)  [lympha,  lymph  ;  bun, 
tumor].  Of  the  nature  of,  affected  with,  or  relating 
to,  lymphoma. 


■1-1 


LYTTA 


L.    indis. 


: 


I 
I 


vound,  inter- 

r, lymph; 
•;'    Pro 
tural 

L.  thymicum, 
■  thymus 

[•arts  of 

rir) 

\   condi- 

menl   of 

ich  develop- 

.  lymph].     The  elab- 

.  lymph  ;  nrnaiz, 
the    flow   of 


see  Lymphangiotomy . 
'torrhea  \lympha,    lymph  ; 

discharge 


i 


.    lymph ;    oipov, 
■\  in  which  the  urine  spontaneously 
as  it  does  in  chyluria. 
ng].       1  [i<  <  ougb  ;   violent 

Apparatus.  ■  ction. 

Bin 

-  .  sadness  ;   ua 
nentia    accompanied    by 
:   refusal  to  take  food. 
I  ^irenia  distress- 

ilia, 
mia 

mental  prostration  from 
<  onfounded  with 

L.  of  Fornix, 
oblique  lines  on 
the  arrangement 
rntiful  resemblance  to  a  harp.     L.  of 


Uterus,  the  uterine  arbor  vit.v.      L.  of  Vagina,  the 
vagina]  rug 
Lyrate  [/j/ra,  a  lyre].   In  biology,  lyre-shaped. 

Lysemia  (Use* -me-ah)  [Admc,  solution  ;  alfia,  blood], 
lution  of  the  Mood,  or  a  losing  of  the  integral 
parts  of  it. 
Lysigenetic  [lis-ij-en-ef f-ik).     Same  as  Lysigenous. 
Lysigenic  [lis-ij-en'-ik).     Same  as  Lysigenous. 
Lysigenous  (lis-ij'-en  us)   ['/iaic,  a  setting  free;   yewfc, 
born,  produced].      In  biology, a  term  applied  to  inter- 
iil.ir  spai  tied  by  the  breaking  down  of  con- 

tiguous  cells.     Cf.  Schizogenic. 
Lysimachia  \lis-i»i-a' -ke-ah)   [Xvcig,  a  loosing  ;    paxr/, 
battle].     A    genus  of  primulaceous    plants  of   many 
L.  nemorum,   L.  nummularia,  L.  vul- 
garis, of  Europe,  and  L.  quadrifolia,  and  other  X. 
American  species  arc  used  in  domestic  medicine.  Unof. 
Lysinosis  {/is-in-o'-sis)  [Aiwc,  Xviiv,  to  loose  (a  ravel- 
ling or  shred)  ].      Hertz's    term  for  a  disease  of  the 
lungs  due  to  the  inhalation  of  cotton  libers. 
Lysiplasta  \lis-ip-las,-tah)  [Ai'ovc,  a  loosing;    -'/uogeiv, 
to  mould].   Diseased  states  marked  by  excessive  secre- 
tion. 
Lysis  (Ji'-sis)  \_'/i-Giq,  '/ieiv,  to  loose].     A  term  some- 
what  loosely  used,  but  now  applied  to  the  gradual 
decline  of  a  disease,  especially  a  fever. 
Lysol    {/i'-sol).      A    saponified   phenol     derived    from 
cresols  by  the  action  of  nascent  soap.      It  is  an  excel- 
lent disinfectant  in  from  one  to  three  per  cent,  solutions, 
and  has  been  used  in  dermatology  and   gynecology. 
Unof. 
Lyssa  (lis'-a/i)   [Ttvaaa,  madness].      I.    A  synonym  of 

Hydrophobia  or  Rabies.      2.    Mania  or  madness. 
Lyssic  {Jis'-ik)  \_/iaaa,  madness].     Pertaining  to  rabies  ; 

due  to  rabies. 
Lyssin  {lis'-in)  ['/.iaoa,  madness].     The  specific  virus 

or  germ  of  hydrophobia. 
Lyssodegma  {lis-o-deg> '-tnaK).    Synonym  of  Lyssodexis. 
Lyssodexis    [lis-o-deks/-is)   [/iaaa,   madness;    d&Kveiv, 

to  bite].      The  bite  of  a  rabid  dog. 
Lyssoid  {lis'-oid)  ['/iaaa,  rabies;  ehhg,  like].    Resem- 
bling rabies ;  resembling  madness. 
Lyssophobia  {lis-o-fo'-be-ah)  [/.vcaa,  madness ;  tydjioq, 
fear].      Morbid  dread  of  rabies;  pseudo-hydrophobia. 
Lyterian   Ui-t^-re-ati)    ['Avrqpwc;,  loosing].     Indicative 
of    a   lysis,   or  of  a   favorable   crisis,    terminating  an 
attack  of  disease. 
Lythrum  {Jith'-rum)   [> rOpnv,  bloody  defilement].     A 
genus  of  lythraceous  plants.     L.  salicaria,  or  willow- 
herb,  is  used  as  an  astringent  in  leukorrhea,  diarrhea, 
and  hemorrhage  from  the  lungs.      Unof. 
Lytic    (lit'-ik)    [lyticus,  /vtikoc].      Relating  to  a  lysis, 

or  to  a  solution. 
Lytta  {tit' -ah),  i.  Synonym  of  Hydrophobia.  2.  A 
long,  median,  pointed,  fibrous  or  cartilaginous  process 
ossokyal)  in  the  tongue  of  camivora.  It  is  the 
"  worm"  of  the  dog's  tongue,  commonly  held  to  be 
a  parasite  and  often  extracted  by  fanciers.  L.  vesi- 
catoria.  See  Cantharis.  L.  vittata,  the  potato-fly, 
containing  one  per  cent,  or  more  of  cantharidin. 


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